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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Origins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Roman era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Middle Ages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Early Modern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Modern era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Contemporary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Physical geography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freguesias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freguesias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Freguesias </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freguesias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Neighborhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alcântara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcântara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Alcântara </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcântara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alfama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Alfama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alfama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mouraria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mouraria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.3 Mouraria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mouraria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bairro_Alto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bairro_Alto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.4 Bairro Alto </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bairro_Alto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baixa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baixa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.5 Baixa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baixa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beato" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beato"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.6 Beato </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beato-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belém" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belém"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.7 Belém </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belém-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chiado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chiado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.8 Chiado </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chiado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estrela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estrela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.9 Estrela </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estrela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parque_das_Nações" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parque_das_Nações"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.10 Parque das Nações </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parque_das_Nações-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_election_results_1976–2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_election_results_1976–2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Local election results 1976–2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_election_results_1976–2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Metro </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Trams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Trains </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Buses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bridges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bridges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Bridges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bridges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Ferries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Air travel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.8 Cycling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transportation_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.9 Public transportation statistics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.10 Car </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 International schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Higher education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Libraries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Sports </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sports subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Football </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Other sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 International relations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International relations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Twin towns – sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooperation_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Cooperation agreements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperation_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership_in_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership_in_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Membership in organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership_in_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lisbon</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 212 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-212" aria-hidden="true" > 212 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%9D%E1%89%A6%E1%8A%95" title="ሊዝቦን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊዝቦን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olisipo" title="Olisipo – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Olisipo" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9" title="لشبونة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لشبونة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbona" title="Lisbona – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lisbona" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%92%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܠܫܒܘܢܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܒܘܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Լիզպոն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լիզպոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbona" title="Lisbona – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lisbona" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisimb%C3%A3" title="Lisimbã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Lisimbã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="لیسبون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیسبون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="লিসবন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিসবন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лісабон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лісабон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лісабон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лісабон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa,_Portugal" title="Lisboa, Portugal – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lisboa, Portugal" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лисабон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лисабон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ལི་སི་བཱོན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལི་སི་བཱོན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabon" title="Lisabon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lisabon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabon" title="Lisabon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lisabon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbona" title="Lisbona – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lisbona" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9" title="لشبونة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لشبونة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabon" title="Lisabon – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Lisabon" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Λισαβόνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λισαβόνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Лиссабон ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Лиссабон ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbono" title="Lisbono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lisbono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="لیسبون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیسبون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbonne" title="Lisbonne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lisbonne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbone" title="Lisbone – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lisbone" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liosp%C3%B3in" title="Liospóin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Liospóin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizbon" title="Lizbon – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Lizbon" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A4%D9%86" title="ليسبؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ليسبؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌱𐍉𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌱𐍉𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%B3%B8" title="리스본 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리스본" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likepona" title="Likepona – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Likepona" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Լիսաբոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիսաբոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="लिस्बन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिस्बन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabon" title="Lisabon – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Lisabon" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabon" title="Lisabon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lisabon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbona" title="Lisbona – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lisbona" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbona" title="Lisbona – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lisbona" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ליסבון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליסבון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabon" title="Lisabon – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lisabon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbooni" title="Lisbooni – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lisbooni" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಿಸ್ಬನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿಸ್ಬನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლისაბონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლისაბონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisab%C3%B3n" title="Lisabón – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Lisabón" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisb%C3%B2n" title="Lisbòn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lisbòn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEzbon" title="Lîzbon – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lîzbon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99" title="ລີຊະບົນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລີຊະບົນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olisipo" title="Olisipo – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Olisipo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabona" title="Lisabona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lisabona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabona" title="Lisabona – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lisabona" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbonn-a" title="Lisbonn-a – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lisbonn-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lisboa" title="lisboa – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lisboa" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbuna" title="Lisbuna – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lisbuna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisszabon" title="Lisszabon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lisszabon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лисабон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лисабон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BA" title="ലിസ്‌ബൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിസ്‌ബൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C5%BCbona" title="Liżbona – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Liżbona" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rihipone" title="Rihipone – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rihipone" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="लिस्बन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिस्बन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლისაბონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლისაბონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7" title="ليشبوا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليشبوا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="لیسبون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لیسبون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhisboua" title="Lhisboua – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhisboua" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лисабон – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лисабон" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%98%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="လစ်စဘွန်းမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လစ်စဘွန်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="लिस्बोन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिस्बोन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3" title="リスボン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リスボン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabon" title="Lisabon – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Lisabon" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEbouonne" title="Lîbouonne – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Lîbouonne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbona" title="Lisbona – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lisbona" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A8" title="ଲିସବନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲିସବନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਲਿਸਬਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਸਬਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%86" title="لزبن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لزبن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizban" title="Lizban – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Lizban" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbonne" title="Lisbonne – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Lisbonne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon-a" title="Lisbon-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lisbon-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizbona" title="Lizbona – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lizbona" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabona" title="Lisabona – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lisabona" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лисабон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лисабон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-se-pen" title="Li-se-pen – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Li-se-pen" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="लिस्बन – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लिस्बन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbona" title="Lisbona – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lisbona" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbona" title="Lisbona – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lisbona" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbona" title="Lisbona – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lisbona" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%86" title="لزبن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لزبن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabon" title="Lisabon – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lisabon" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizbona" title="Lizbona – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lizbona" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Лисабонъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Лисабонъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizb%C5%AFna" title="Lizbůna – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Lizbůna" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%86" title="لیسبۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیسبۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лисабон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лисабон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabon" title="Lisabon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lisabon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="லிஸ்பன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லிஸ்பன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbun" title="Lisbun – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lisbun" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizboa" title="Lizboa – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lizboa" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ลิสบอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิสบอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizbon" title="Lizbon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lizbon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%CC%B1si%CC%B1bwuon" title="Li̱si̱bwuon – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Li̱si̱bwuon" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Лиссабон" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лісабон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лісабон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%86" title="لزبن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لزبن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="لىسبون – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لىسبون" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbona" title="Lisbona – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Lisbona" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="里斯本" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Lissabon" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="里斯本" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9F" title="ליסבאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ליסבאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="里斯本" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizbon" title="Lizbon – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Lizbon" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabuona" title="Lisabuona – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lisabuona" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="里斯本" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisabon" title="Lisabon – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Lisabon" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon – Talysh" lang="tly" 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lisbon&params=38_43_31_N_09_09_00_W_type:city_region:PT-11">38°43′31″N 09°09′00″W / 38.72528°N 9.15000°W / 38.72528; -9.15000</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and largest city of Portugal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Governmental capital city. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lisbon (disambiguation)">Lisbon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lisboa" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lisboa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lisboa (disambiguation)">Lisboa (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in Lisbon metropolitan area, Portugal</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Lisbon</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Lisboa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:143px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon_(36831596786)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="View from Miradouro da Senhora do Monte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Lisbon_%2836831596786%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/278px-Lisbon_%2836831596786%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Lisbon_%2836831596786%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/417px-Lisbon_%2836831596786%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Lisbon_%2836831596786%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/556px-Lisbon_%2836831596786%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5719" data-file-height="2960" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Lisbon" title="List of tallest buildings in Lisbon">Skyline of Lisbon</a> with the <a href="/wiki/25_de_Abril_Bridge" title="25 de Abril Bridge">25 de Abril Bridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christ_the_King_(Almada)" title="Christ the King (Almada)">Christ the King</a> in the background</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon-129_(36502263701).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Belém Tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lisbon-129_%2836502263701%29.jpg/85px-Lisbon-129_%2836502263701%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lisbon-129_%2836502263701%29.jpg/128px-Lisbon-129_%2836502263701%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lisbon-129_%2836502263701%29.jpg/170px-Lisbon-129_%2836502263701%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Tower" title="Belém Tower">Belém Tower</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_BW_2018-10-03_13-33-44_s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rua Augusta Arch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_BW_2018-10-03_13-33-44_s.jpg/85px-Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_BW_2018-10-03_13-33-44_s.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_BW_2018-10-03_13-33-44_s.jpg/128px-Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_BW_2018-10-03_13-33-44_s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_BW_2018-10-03_13-33-44_s.jpg/170px-Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_BW_2018-10-03_13-33-44_s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="6332" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Rua_Augusta_Arch" title="Rua Augusta Arch">Rua Augusta Arch</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Belem_-_Padrao_dos_Descobrimentos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Monument of the Discoveries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Belem_-_Padrao_dos_Descobrimentos.jpg/100px-Belem_-_Padrao_dos_Descobrimentos.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Belem_-_Padrao_dos_Descobrimentos.jpg/150px-Belem_-_Padrao_dos_Descobrimentos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Belem_-_Padrao_dos_Descobrimentos.jpg/200px-Belem_-_Padrao_dos_Descobrimentos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3802" data-file-height="4314" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Monument_of_the_Discoveries" title="Monument of the Discoveries">Monument of the Discoveries</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:80px;max-width:80px"><div style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosteiro_dos_Jeronimos_-_Central_Part.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jerónimos Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mosteiro_dos_Jeronimos_-_Central_Part.jpg/78px-Mosteiro_dos_Jeronimos_-_Central_Part.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mosteiro_dos_Jeronimos_-_Central_Part.jpg/117px-Mosteiro_dos_Jeronimos_-_Central_Part.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mosteiro_dos_Jeronimos_-_Central_Part.jpg/156px-Mosteiro_dos_Jeronimos_-_Central_Part.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3425" data-file-height="4786" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_Monastery" title="Jerónimos Monastery">Jerónimos Monastery</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:101px;max-width:101px"><div style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Lisbon_from_our_4x4_tour_(33974143278).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Eduardo VII Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/View_of_Lisbon_from_our_4x4_tour_%2833974143278%29.jpg/99px-View_of_Lisbon_from_our_4x4_tour_%2833974143278%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/View_of_Lisbon_from_our_4x4_tour_%2833974143278%29.jpg/149px-View_of_Lisbon_from_our_4x4_tour_%2833974143278%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/View_of_Lisbon_from_our_4x4_tour_%2833974143278%29.jpg/198px-View_of_Lisbon_from_our_4x4_tour_%2833974143278%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2262" data-file-height="2487" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_VII_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduardo VII Park">Eduardo VII Park</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral,_Lisboa,_Portugal,_2022-07-24,_DD_24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lisbon Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Catedral%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal%2C_2022-07-24%2C_DD_24.jpg/93px-Catedral%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal%2C_2022-07-24%2C_DD_24.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Catedral%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal%2C_2022-07-24%2C_DD_24.jpg/140px-Catedral%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal%2C_2022-07-24%2C_DD_24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Catedral%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal%2C_2022-07-24%2C_DD_24.jpg/186px-Catedral%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal%2C_2022-07-24%2C_DD_24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3884" data-file-height="4522" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Cathedral" title="Lisbon Cathedral">Lisbon Cathedral</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Parque das Nações e Ponte Vasco da Gama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31_%28cropped2%29.jpg/278px-Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31_%28cropped2%29.jpg/417px-Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31_%28cropped2%29.jpg/556px-Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="729" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Tower" title="Vasco da Gama Tower">Vasco da Gama Tower</a> (left) in the <a href="/wiki/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Parque das Nações">Parque das Nações</a> with <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge" title="Vasco da Gama Bridge">Vasco da Gama Bridge</a> (background)</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lisbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Lisbon"><img alt="Flag of Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Lisbon.svg/100px-Flag_of_Lisbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Lisbon.svg/150px-Flag_of_Lisbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Lisbon.svg/200px-Flag_of_Lisbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lisbon" title="Flag of Lisbon">Flag</a></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Lisbon"><img alt="Coat of arms of Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg/89px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg/134px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg/178px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="574" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Lisbon" title="Coat of arms of Lisbon">Coat of arms</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Lisboa_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Lisbon"><img alt="Official logo of Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Lisboa_logo.svg/80px-C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Lisboa_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Lisboa_logo.svg/120px-C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Lisboa_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Lisboa_logo.svg/160px-C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Lisboa_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="638" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">Logo</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Mui Nobre e Sempre Leal "Very Noble and Always Loyal"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-lat="38.74" data-lon="-9.14" data-overlays="["_78dc28152ccc8cb9bd1c1392daf09bdc12c0abf8"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/11/38.74/-9.14/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,38.74,-9.14,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Lisbon&revid=1275193246&groups=_78dc28152ccc8cb9bd1c1392daf09bdc12c0abf8" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,38.74,-9.14,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Lisbon&revid=1275193246&groups=_78dc28152ccc8cb9bd1c1392daf09bdc12c0abf8 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Lisbon</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefkarte_Portugal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lisbon is located in Portugal"><img alt="Lisbon is located in Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Reliefkarte_Portugal.png/250px-Reliefkarte_Portugal.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="480" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Reliefkarte_Portugal.png/375px-Reliefkarte_Portugal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Reliefkarte_Portugal.png/500px-Reliefkarte_Portugal.png 2x" data-file-width="1633" data-file-height="3133" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.834%;left:17.105%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lisbon</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Portugal</div>Show map of Portugal</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lisbon is located in Europe"><img alt="Lisbon is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.565%;left:2.256%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lisbon</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Europe</div>Show map of Europe</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lisbon&params=38_43_31_N_09_09_00_W_type:city_region:PT-11">38°43′31″N 09°09′00″W / 38.72528°N 9.15000°W / 38.72528; -9.15000</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Metro</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon metropolitan area</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Portugal" title="Districts of Portugal">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_District" title="Lisbon District">Lisbon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historic province</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Estremadura_Province_(historical)" title="Estremadura Province (historical)">Estremadura</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlement</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1200 <a href="/wiki/Before_common_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Before common era">BCE</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Roman <a href="/wiki/Olissipo" class="mw-redirect" title="Olissipo">Olissipo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 138 BCE</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Moorish rule</th><td class="infobox-data">711 <a href="/wiki/Common_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Common era">CE</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lisbon" title="Siege of Lisbon">Siege of Lisbon</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1147 CE</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital city</th><td class="infobox-data">1256 CE</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="#Freguesias">Civil parishes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(<a href="#Freguesias">see text</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_administrative_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Local administrative unit">Local administrative unit</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Concelho" title="Concelho">Concelho</a>/<a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_Municipal" class="mw-redirect" title="Câmara Municipal">Câmara Municipal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Moedas" title="Carlos Moedas">Carlos Moedas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Assembleia_Municipal" title="Assembleia Municipal">Municipal chair</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Rosário Farmhouse</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">100.05 km2 (38.63 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,015.24 km2 (1,164.19 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 m (7 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2023)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">567,131<a href="#cite_note-INEpt-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">5,445.7/km2 (14,104/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,961,177<a href="#cite_note-INEpt-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Lisboan Lisboeta Olissiponense <a href="/wiki/Alfacinha" title="Alfacinha">Alfacinha</a> (colloquial)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%C2%B100:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC±00:00">UTC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_European_Time" title="Western European Time">WET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_European_Summer_Time" title="Western European Summer Time">WEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal zone</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">1000-000 to 1999-XXX Lisboa</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(+351) 21 XXX XXXX</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patron saint</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_Saragossa" title="Vincent of Saragossa">Vincent of Saragossa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony of Lisbon">Anthony of Lisbon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal address</th><td class="infobox-data">Praça do Município, 1 1149-014 Lisboa</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal holidays</th><td class="infobox-data">13 June (<a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony of Lisbon">St. Anthony's Day</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/">cm-lisboa.pt</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Lisbon (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈlɪzbən/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5d\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Lisbon.wav\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Lisbon.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Lisbon.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Lisbon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Lisbon.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-Lisbon.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Lisbon.wav">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LIZ-bən</a>; <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: Lisboa <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[liʒˈβoɐ]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d4\/Pt-pt_Lisboa_FF.ogg\/Pt-pt_Lisboa_FF.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pt-pt Lisboa FF.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Pt-pt_Lisboa_FF.ogg/Pt-pt_Lisboa_FF.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Pt-pt_Lisboa_FF.ogg" title="File:Pt-pt Lisboa FF.ogg">ⓘ</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> is the capital and largest city of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, with an estimated population of 567,131 as of 2023 within its administrative limits<a href="#cite_note-dgt-3">[3]</a> and 2,961,177 within the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Metropolitan Area">metropolis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Lisbon is mainland <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>'s westernmost capital city (second overall after <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavik</a>) and the only one along the Atlantic coast, the others (Reykjavik and <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>) being on islands. The city lies in the western portion of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, on the northern shore of the River <a href="/wiki/Tagus" title="Tagus">Tagus</a>. The western portion of its metro area, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Riviera" title="Portuguese Riviera">Portuguese Riviera</a>, hosts the westernmost point of <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continental Europe</a>, culminating at <a href="/wiki/Cabo_da_Roca" title="Cabo da Roca">Cabo da Roca</a>. Lisbon is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_continuously_inhabited_cities" title="List of oldest continuously inhabited cities">oldest cities in the world</a><a href="#cite_note-RudlinThompsonJarvis2016-5">[5]</a> and the second-oldest European capital city (after <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>), predating other modern European capitals by centuries.<a href="#cite_note-CIAFactbook2021-6">[6]</a> Settled by pre-Celtic tribes and later founded and civilized by the Phoenicians, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> made it a <a href="/wiki/Municipium" title="Municipium">municipium</a> called Felicitas Julia,<a href="#cite_note-Livermore1973-7">[7]</a> adding the term to the name <a href="/wiki/Olisipo" title="Olisipo">Olissipo</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">fall of the Roman Empire</a>, it was ruled by a series of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribes</a> from the 5th century, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a>. Later it was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> in the 8th century. In 1147, <a href="/wiki/Afonso_Henriques" class="mw-redirect" title="Afonso Henriques">Afonso Henriques</a> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lisbon" title="Siege of Lisbon">conquered the city</a> and in 1255, it became <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a>'s capital, replacing <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> It has since been the political, economic, and cultural centre of the country. As the political centre of the country, Lisbon hosts the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portugal" title="Government of Portugal">government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">National Assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_(Portugal)" title="Supreme Court of Justice (Portugal)">Supreme Court of Justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> and residence of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">head of state</a>. It is also the centre of Portuguese diplomacy, with ambassadors from 86 countries residing in the city, as well as representations from <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> About 2.96 million people live in the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon metropolitan area</a>, which extends beyond the city's administrative area, making it the third largest metropolitan area in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> (after <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>) as well as figuring amongst the <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_European_Union" title="List of urban areas in the European Union">10 most populous urban areas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Statistics_Portugal_-_Web_Portal-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-World_Urban_Areas-11">[11]</a> It represents approximately 28% of the country's population. Lisbon is recognised as an <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">alpha-level global city</a> because of its importance in finance, commerce, fashion, media, entertainment, arts, international trade, education, and tourism.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Lisbon is amongst the two Portuguese cities (the other being <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>) to be recognised as a global city, and it is also home to three companies in the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000" title="Forbes Global 2000">Global 2000</a> (<a href="/wiki/EDP_Group" title="EDP Group">EDP Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galp_Energia" title="Galp Energia">Galp Energia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Martins" title="Jerónimo Martins">Jerónimo Martins</a>).<a href="#cite_note-GAWC-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Lisbon is one of the major economic centres in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, with a growing financial sector, with <a href="/wiki/Euronext_Lisbon" title="Euronext Lisbon">PSI-20</a> being part of <a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a>, the largest center for debt and funds listings in the world. The <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon region">Lisbon region</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union#Richest_&_Poorest_NUTS_Regions_(GDP_PPP_2007)" title="Economy of the European Union">higher GDP PPP per capita</a> than any other <a href="/wiki/NUTS_II" class="mw-redirect" title="NUTS II">region</a> in Portugal. Its GDP PPP amounts to US$179 billion and thus $61,713 per capita. The city occupies the 40th place of highest gross earnings in the world and, with almost 21,000 millionaires, is the 11th European city by number of millionaires and the 14th by number of billionaires.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Most of the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporations</a> in Portugal are located in the Lisbon area.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> Lisbon's name may derive from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Celtic">Proto-Celtic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> <a href="/wiki/Olisippo" class="mw-redirect" title="Olisippo">Olisippo</a>, Lissoppo, or a similar name which other visiting ancient peoples such as the Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans adapted accordingly, such as the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River, Lisso or Lucio. Classical authors writing in Latin and Greek, including <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Solinus" title="Gaius Julius Solinus">Solinus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Martianus_Capella" title="Martianus Capella">Martianus Capella</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BostockRiley2015-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-StahlBurge1992-21">[21]</a> referred to popular legends that the city of Lisbon was founded by the mythical hero Ulysses (<a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a>).<a href="#cite_note-DelmasPenn2012-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barletta2010-23">[23]</a> Lisbon's name was written Ulyssippo in Latin by the geographer <a href="/wiki/Pomponius_Mela" title="Pomponius Mela">Pomponius Mela</a>, a native of <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>. It was later referred to as "Olisippo" by <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> and by the Greeks as Olissipo (Ὀλισσιπών) or Olissipona (Ὀλισσιπόνα).<a href="#cite_note-Almeida1992-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Another claim repeated in historical literature is that the name of Lisbon could originate from a supposed ancient Phoenician term Alis-Ubbo, meaning "safe harbour" or "pleasant haven".<a href="#cite_note-History1780-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FerreiraCabello1998-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jack2019-28">[28]</a> Although modern archaeological excavations show there may have been Phoenician presence at this location since 1000 BC,<a href="#cite_note-Whitfield2005-29">[29]</a> this folk etymology completely lacks any evidence and "is never attested in ancient classical literature".<a href="#cite_note-Burstein2019-30">[30]</a> Lisbon's name is commonly abbreviated as "LX" or "Lx", originating in an antiquated spelling of Lisbon as Lixbõa.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> While the old spelling has since been completely dropped from usage and goes against modern language standards, the abbreviation is still commonly used. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Lisbon" title="History of Lisbon">History of Lisbon</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lisbon" title="Timeline of Lisbon">Timeline of Lisbon</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Escava%C3%A7%C3%B5es_no_Claustro_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Escava%C3%A7%C3%B5es_no_Claustro_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa.jpg/220px-Escava%C3%A7%C3%B5es_no_Claustro_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Escava%C3%A7%C3%B5es_no_Claustro_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa.jpg/330px-Escava%C3%A7%C3%B5es_no_Claustro_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Escava%C3%A7%C3%B5es_no_Claustro_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa.jpg/440px-Escava%C3%A7%C3%B5es_no_Claustro_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3333" data-file-height="2222" /></a><figcaption>Phoenician archaeological dig in a cloister of the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Cathedral" title="Lisbon Cathedral">Lisbon Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period, the region was inhabited by Pre-Celtic tribes, who built religious and funerary monuments, <a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megaliths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">dolmens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">menhirs</a>, which still survive in areas on the periphery of Lisbon.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celts</a> invaded in the 1st millennium BC, mixing with the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula">Pre-Indo-European</a> population, thus giving rise to Celtic-speaking local tribes such as the Cempsi or <a href="/wiki/Sefes" title="Sefes">Sefes</a>. Although the first fortifications on Lisbon's <a href="/wiki/Castelo_de_S%C3%A3o_Jorge" class="mw-redirect" title="Castelo de São Jorge">Castelo</a> hill are known to be no older than the 2nd century BC, recent archaeological finds have shown that <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> people occupied the site from the 8th to 6th centuries BC.<a href="#cite_note-Bellard2003-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arruda2002-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Laidlar1997-35">[35]</a> This indigenous settlement maintained commercial relations with the Phoenicians, which would account for the recent findings of Phoenician pottery and other material objects. Archaeological excavations made near the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jorge_Castle" title="São Jorge Castle">Castle of São Jorge</a> (Castelo de São Jorge) and <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Cathedral" title="Lisbon Cathedral">Lisbon Cathedral</a> indicate there may have been a Phoenician presence at this location since 1000 BC,<a href="#cite_note-Whitfield2005-29">[29]</a> and it can be stated with confidence that a Phoenician trading post stood on a site<a href="#cite_note-Pilkington2013-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-WrightSwift1971-37">[37]</a> now the centre of the present city, on the southern slope of the Castle hill.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The sheltered harbour in the <a href="/wiki/Tagus_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagus River">Tagus River</a> <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a> was an ideal spot for an <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian</a> settlement and would have provided a secure harbour for unloading and provisioning trading ships.<a href="#cite_note-PereiraMata2012-39">[39]</a> The Tagus settlement was an important centre of commercial trade with the inland tribes, providing an outlet for the valuable metals, salt and salted-fish they collected, and for the sale of the <a href="/wiki/Lusitano" title="Lusitano">Lusitanian horses</a> renowned in antiquity. According to a persistent legend, the location was named for the Greek mythical king of Ithaca, <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Ulysses</a>, who founded the city when he sailed westward to the ends of the known world.<a href="#cite_note-Jack2019-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_era">Roman era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Roman era">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Olisipo" title="Olisipo">Olisipo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CercaMouraTorreAlfama_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/CercaMouraTorreAlfama_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-CercaMouraTorreAlfama_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/CercaMouraTorreAlfama_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-CercaMouraTorreAlfama_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/CercaMouraTorreAlfama_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-CercaMouraTorreAlfama_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1352" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Part of the Cerca Velha (Old Wall), originally built by the Romans<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></figcaption></figure> Following the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a> in 202 BC during the <a href="/wiki/Punic_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic wars">Punic wars</a>, the Romans determined to deprive <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a> of its most valuable possession: <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> (the Iberian Peninsula). The defeat of Carthaginian forces by <a href="/wiki/Scipio_Africanus" title="Scipio Africanus">Scipio Africanus</a> in Eastern Hispania allowed the pacification of the west, led by Consul <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Junius_Brutus_Callaicus" title="Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus">Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus</a>. Decimus obtained the alliance of <a href="/wiki/Olisipo" title="Olisipo">Olissipo</a> (which sent men to fight alongside the Roman Legions against the northwestern Celtic tribes) by integrating it into the empire, as the Municipium Cives Romanorum Felicitas Julia. Local authorities were granted self-rule over a territory that extended 50 km (31 mi); exempt from taxes, its citizens were given the privileges of Roman citizenship,<a href="#cite_note-Livermore1973-7">[7]</a> and it was then integrated with the Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a> (whose capital was <a href="/wiki/Emerita_Augusta" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerita Augusta">Emerita Augusta</a>). <a href="/wiki/Lusitanians" title="Lusitanians">Lusitanian</a> raids and rebellions during Roman occupation required the construction of a wall around the settlement. During <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>' reign, the Romans also built a great theatre; the Cassian Baths (underneath Rua da Prata); temples to <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Jupiter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a> and Idea <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygiae</a> (an uncommon cult from <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>), in addition to temples to the Emperor; a large <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a> under <a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_da_Figueira" title="Praça da Figueira">Praça da Figueira</a>; a large forum and other buildings such as <a href="/wiki/Insula_(building)" title="Insula (building)">insulae</a> (multi-storied apartment buildings) in the area between Castle Hill and the historic city core. Many of these ruins were first unearthed during the mid-18th century (when the recent discovery of <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> made Roman archaeology fashionable among Europe's upper classes). The city prospered as <a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">piracy</a> was eliminated and technological advances were introduced, consequently Felicitas Julia became a center of trade with the Roman provinces of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britannia</a> (particularly <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>. Economically strong, Olissipo was known for its <a href="/wiki/Garum" title="Garum">garum</a> (a fish sauce highly prized by the elites of the empire and exported in <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphorae</a> to Rome), wine, salt, and horse-breeding, while Roman culture permeated the hinterland. The city was connected by a broad road to Western Hispania's two other large cities, <a href="/wiki/Bracara_Augusta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracara Augusta">Bracara Augusta</a> in the province of <a href="/wiki/Tarraconensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarraconensis">Tarraconensis</a> (Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Emerita_Augusta" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerita Augusta">Emerita Augusta</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a>. The city was ruled by an <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarchical</a> council dominated by two families, the Julii and the Cassiae, although regional authority was administered by the Roman Governor of Emerita or directly by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>. Among the majority of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> speakers lived a large minority of Greek traders and slaves. Olissipo, like most great cities in the Western Empire, was a center for the dissemination of Christianity. Its first attested <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Lisbon" title="Patriarch of Lisbon">Bishop</a> was Potamius (c. 356), and there were several <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrs</a> during the period of persecution of the Christians: <a href="/wiki/Holy_Martyrs_of_Lisbon" title="Holy Martyrs of Lisbon">Verissimus, Maxima, and Julia</a> are the most significant examples. By the time of the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Rome">Fall of Rome</a>, Olissipo had become a notable Christian center. <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:CastleSaintGeorge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="São Jorge Castle and the surrounding neighborhoods of Castelo, Mouraria, and Alfama"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/CastleSaintGeorge.jpg/1000px-CastleSaintGeorge.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/CastleSaintGeorge.jpg/1500px-CastleSaintGeorge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/CastleSaintGeorge.jpg/2000px-CastleSaintGeorge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10986" data-file-height="2967" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:CastleSaintGeorge.jpg" title="File:CastleSaintGeorge.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jorge_Castle" title="São Jorge Castle">São Jorge Castle</a> and the surrounding neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Castelo_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Castelo (Lisbon)">Castelo</a>, Mouraria, and <a href="/wiki/Alfama" title="Alfama">Alfama</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Middle Ages">edit</a>]</div> Following the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire, there were <a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">barbarian</a> invasions; between 409 and 429 the city was occupied successively by <a href="/wiki/Sarmatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarmatian">Sarmatians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>. The Germanic <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a>, who established a kingdom in <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> and northern Portugal), with its capital in <a href="/wiki/Bracara_Augusta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracara Augusta">Bracara Augusta</a>, also controlled the region of Lisbon until 585. In 585, the Suebi Kingdom was integrated into the Germanic <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigothic</a> Kingdom of Toledo, which comprised all of the Iberian Peninsula: Lisbon was then called Ulishbona. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_Lisbon_-_Muslim_surrender.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Siege_of_Lisbon_-_Muslim_surrender.jpg/220px-Siege_of_Lisbon_-_Muslim_surrender.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Siege_of_Lisbon_-_Muslim_surrender.jpg/330px-Siege_of_Lisbon_-_Muslim_surrender.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Siege_of_Lisbon_-_Muslim_surrender.jpg/440px-Siege_of_Lisbon_-_Muslim_surrender.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Afonso_Henriques" class="mw-redirect" title="Afonso Henriques">Afonso Henriques</a> reconquered the city from the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid Empire</a> at the 1147 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lisbon" title="Siege of Lisbon">siege of Lisbon</a>.</figcaption></figure> On 6 August 711, Lisbon was taken by the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Muslim</a> forces of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a>. These conquerors built many mosques and houses, rebuilt the city wall (known as the Cerca Moura) and established administrative control, while permitting the diverse population of <a href="/wiki/Muwallad" class="mw-redirect" title="Muwallad">Muwallads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozarabs" title="Mozarabs">Mozarabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saqaliba" title="Saqaliba">Saqaliba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> to maintain their socio-cultural lifestyles. <a href="/wiki/Andalusi_Romance" title="Andalusi Romance">Mozarabic</a> was the native language spoken by most of the Christian population although Arabic was widely known as spoken by all religious communities. Islam was the official religion practised by the Arabs, Berbers, Saqaliba and Muwallad. The ancient Muslim influence is still visible in the <a href="/wiki/Alfama" title="Alfama">Alfama</a> district, an old quarter of Lisbon that survived the <a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">1755 Lisbon earthquake</a>: many place-names are derived from Arabic and the Alfama (the oldest existing district of Lisbon) was derived from the Arabic "al-hamma". For a brief time, Lisbon was an independent Muslim kingdom known as the <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Lisbon" title="Taifa of Lisbon">Taifa of Lisbon</a> (1022–1094), before being conquered by the larger <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Badajoz" title="Taifa of Badajoz">Taifa of Badajoz</a>. In 1108 Lisbon was raided and occupied by <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> crusaders led by <a href="/wiki/Sigurd_I_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigurd I of Norway">Sigurd I</a> on their way to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Crusade" title="Norwegian Crusade">Norwegian Crusade</a> and occupied by crusader forces for three years.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> It was taken by the Moorish <a href="/wiki/Almoravids" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravids">Almoravids</a> in 1111. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_Lisbon_1384.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Siege_of_Lisbon_1384.JPG/220px-Siege_of_Lisbon_1384.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Siege_of_Lisbon_1384.JPG/330px-Siege_of_Lisbon_1384.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Siege_of_Lisbon_1384.JPG/440px-Siege_of_Lisbon_1384.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1923" data-file-height="2177" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lisbon_(1384)" title="Siege of Lisbon (1384)">1384 siege of Lisbon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Froissart%27s_Chronicles" title="Froissart's Chronicles">Froissart's Chronicles</a></figcaption></figure> In 1147, as part of <a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Reconquista" title="Portugal in the Reconquista">Portuguese efforts during the Reconquista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afonso_I_of_Portugal" title="Afonso I of Portugal">Afonso I of Portugal</a> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lisbon" title="Siege of Lisbon">besieged and reconquered Lisbon</a> with the aid of crusader knights. The city, with around 154,000 residents at the time, was returned to Christian rule. The reconquest of Portugal and re-establishment of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is one of the most significant events in Lisbon's history, described in the chronicle <a href="/wiki/Expugnatione_Lyxbonensi" class="mw-redirect" title="Expugnatione Lyxbonensi">Expugnatione Lyxbonensi</a>, which describes, among other incidents, how the local bishop was killed by the crusaders and the city's residents prayed to the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> as it happened. Some of the Muslim residents converted to Roman Catholicism and most of those who did not convert fled to other parts of the Islamic world, primarily <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Spain">Muslim Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>. All mosques were either destroyed or altered and converted into churches. As a result of the end of Muslim rule in the mid-12th century, spoken Arabic quickly lost its place in Lisbon, and disappeared altogether. With its central location, Lisbon became the capital city of the new Portuguese territory in 1255. The first Portuguese university was founded in Lisbon in 1290 by King <a href="/wiki/Dinis_I_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinis I of Portugal">Denis I</a>; for many years the <a href="/wiki/Studium_Generale" class="mw-redirect" title="Studium Generale">Studium Generale</a> (General Study) was transferred intermittently to <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a>, where it was installed permanently in the 16th century as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">University of Coimbra</a>. In 1384, the city was besieged by King <a href="/wiki/Juan_I_of_Castille" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan I of Castille">Juan I of Castille</a>, as a part of the ongoing <a href="/wiki/1383%E2%80%931385_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1383–1385 Crisis">1383–1385 Crisis</a>. The result of the siege was a victory for the Portuguese led by <a href="/wiki/Nuno_%C3%81lvares_Pereira" title="Nuno Álvares Pereira">Nuno Álvares Pereira</a>. During the last centuries of the Middle Ages, Lisbon expanded substantially and became an important trading post with both <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern European</a> and Mediterranean cities. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Modern">Early Modern</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early Modern">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisboa_1500-1510.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Lisboa_1500-1510.jpg/220px-Lisboa_1500-1510.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Lisboa_1500-1510.jpg/330px-Lisboa_1500-1510.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Lisboa_1500-1510.jpg/440px-Lisboa_1500-1510.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3649" data-file-height="2855" /></a><figcaption>The oldest known panorama of Lisbon (1500–1510) from the Crónica de Dom Afonso Henriques by <a href="/wiki/Duarte_Galv%C3%A3o" title="Duarte Galvão">Duarte Galvão</a></figcaption></figure> When the Spaniards expelled the Jews from Spanish territory, many of them fled to Lisbon. Although acknowledging the central importance of the Jews to the city's prosperity, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I</a> decreed in 1497 that all Jews must convert to Christianity, only those who refused being forced to leave, but not before the expropriation of their property.<a href="#cite_note-Roitman2011-42">[42]</a> In 1506, an anti-semitic movement among the <a href="/wiki/Old_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Christians">Old Christians</a> of Lisbon culminated in a <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_massacre" title="Lisbon massacre">massacre</a> lasting four days in which some 1,000 to 4,000 <a href="/wiki/New_Christian" title="New Christian">New Christian</a> men, women and children, converted descendants of <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic Jews</a>, are estimated to have been killed.<a href="#cite_note-Soyer2007-43">[43]</a> The king was at Évora when these events occurred, but angered when he received the news, he ordered an investigation which resulted in two of the instigating friars being excommunicated and burned alive.<a href="#cite_note-PintoMateus2014-44">[44]</a> Most of the Portuguese expeditions of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a> set out from Lisbon during the period from the end of the 15th century to the beginning of the 17th century, including <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a>'s expedition to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> in 1498. The following years of the 16th century began Lisbon's golden era: the city was the European hub of commerce between <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1415%E2%80%931578)" title="History of Portugal (1415–1578)">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nanban_trade" title="Nanban trade">Far East</a> and later, <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a>, and acquired great riches by exploiting the trade in spices, slaves, sugar, textiles and other goods. This period saw the rise of the exuberant <a href="/wiki/Manueline" title="Manueline">Manueline</a> style in architecture, which left its mark in many 16th-century monuments (including Lisbon's <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Tower" title="Belém Tower">Belém Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_Monastery" title="Jerónimos Monastery">Jerónimos Monastery</a>, which were declared <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Sites">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>). A description of Lisbon in the 16th century was written by <a href="/wiki/Dami%C3%A3o_de_G%C3%B3is" title="Damião de Góis">Damião de Góis</a> and published in 1554.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_dos_Jeronomis_por_Filipe_Lobo_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Vista_dos_Jeronomis_por_Filipe_Lobo_%282%29.jpg/220px-Vista_dos_Jeronomis_por_Filipe_Lobo_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Vista_dos_Jeronomis_por_Filipe_Lobo_%282%29.jpg/330px-Vista_dos_Jeronomis_por_Filipe_Lobo_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Vista_dos_Jeronomis_por_Filipe_Lobo_%282%29.jpg/440px-Vista_dos_Jeronomis_por_Filipe_Lobo_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">King Manuel I</a> ordered <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_Monastery" title="Jerónimos Monastery">Jerónimos Monastery</a> to be built in <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belém (Lisbon)">Belém</a>, to serve <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese discoveries">Portuguese discoverers</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_em_1662.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_em_1662.jpg/220px-Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_em_1662.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_em_1662.jpg/330px-Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_em_1662.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_em_1662.jpg/440px-Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_em_1662.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2717" data-file-height="1919" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Palace" title="Ribeira Palace">Ribeira Palace</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio" title="Praça do Comércio">Terreiro do Paço</a> depicted in 1662 by <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Stoop" title="Dirk Stoop">Dirk Stoop</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">succession crisis</a> of 1580, initiated a sixty-year period of dual monarchy in Portugal and Spain under the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spanish Habsburgs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> This is referred to as the "Philippine Dominion" (Domínio Filipino), since all <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Dynasty">three Spanish kings</a> during that period were called Philip (Filipe). In 1589, Lisbon was the target of an incursion by the <a href="/wiki/English_Armada" title="English Armada">English Armada</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Queen Elizabeth</a> supported a Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">pretender</a> in <a href="/wiki/Antonio,_Prior_of_Crato" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio, Prior of Crato">Antonio, Prior of Crato</a>, but support for Crato was lacking and the expedition was a failure. The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a>, which began with a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> organised by the nobility and <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgeois">bourgeoisie</a> in Lisbon and executed on 1 December 1640, restored Portuguese independence. The period from 1640 to 1668 was marked by periodic skirmishes between Portugal and Spain, as well as short episodes of more serious warfare until the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon_(1668)" title="Treaty of Lisbon (1668)">Treaty of Lisbon</a> was signed in 1668. In the early 18th century, gold from Brazil allowed <a href="/wiki/John_V_of_Portugal" title="John V of Portugal">King John V</a> to sponsor the building of several <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> churches and theatres in the city. Prior to the 18th century, Lisbon had experienced several significant earthquakes – eight in the 14th century, five in the 16th century (including the <a href="/wiki/1531_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1531 Lisbon earthquake">1531 earthquake</a> that destroyed 1,500 houses and the 1597 earthquake in which three streets vanished), and three in the 17th century. On 1 November 1755, the city was destroyed by another <a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">devastating earthquake</a>, which killed an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 Lisbon residents<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> of a population estimated at between 200,000 and 275,000,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> and destroyed 85 percent of the city's structures.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Among several important buildings of the city, the <a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Palace" title="Ribeira Palace">Ribeira Palace</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Real_de_Todos_os_Santos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital Real de Todos os Santos">Hospital Real de Todos os Santos</a> were lost. In coastal areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Peniche_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Peniche Municipality">Peniche</a>, situated about 80 km (50 mi) north of Lisbon, many people were killed by the following <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas,_1757.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/142px-Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png" decoding="async" width="142" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/213px-Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/284px-Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="715" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas,_1757.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/142px-Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png" decoding="async" width="142" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/213px-Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/284px-Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="716" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">1755 Lisbon earthquake</a> devastated Lisbon with an estimated magnitude between 8.5 and 9.0.</div></div></div></div> By 1755, Lisbon was one of the largest cities in Europe; the catastrophic event shocked the whole of Europe and left a deep impression on its collective psyche. <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> wrote a long poem, Poême sur le désastre de Lisbonne, shortly after the quake, and mentioned it in his 1759 novel <a href="/wiki/Candide" title="Candide">Candide</a> (indeed, many argue that this critique of <a href="/wiki/Optimism" title="Optimism">optimism</a> was inspired by that earthquake). <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a> also mentions it in his 1857 poem, The Deacon's Masterpiece, or The Wonderful One-Hoss Shay. After the 1755 earthquake, the city was rebuilt largely according to the plans of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo">Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_of_Pombal" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis of Pombal">1st Marquis of Pombal</a>; the lower town began to be known as the Baixa Pombalina (<a href="/wiki/Pombaline_Lower_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Pombaline Lower Town">Pombaline central district</a>). Instead of rebuilding the medieval town, Pombal decided to demolish what remained after the earthquake and rebuild the city centre in accordance with principles of modern urban design. It was reconstructed in an open rectangular plan with two great squares: the <a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_do_Rossio" class="mw-redirect" title="Praça do Rossio">Praça do Rossio</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio" title="Praça do Comércio">Praça do Comércio</a>. The first, the central commercial district, is the traditional gathering place of the city and the location of the older cafés, theatres and restaurants; the second became the city's main access to the River Tagus and point of departure and arrival for seagoing vessels, adorned by a triumphal arch (1873) and a monument to King <a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Portugal" title="Joseph I of Portugal">Joseph I</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proclama%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Rep%C3%BAblica_Portuguesa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Proclama%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Rep%C3%BAblica_Portuguesa.jpg/220px-Proclama%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Rep%C3%BAblica_Portuguesa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Proclama%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Rep%C3%BAblica_Portuguesa.jpg/330px-Proclama%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Rep%C3%BAblica_Portuguesa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Proclama%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Rep%C3%BAblica_Portuguesa.jpg/440px-Proclama%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Rep%C3%BAblica_Portuguesa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1422" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">Proclamation of the Portuguese Republic</a> in 1910</figcaption></figure> In the first years of the 19th century, Portugal was invaded by the troops of <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon Bonaparte">Napoléon Bonaparte</a>, forcing Queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_I_of_Portugal" title="Maria I of Portugal">Maria I</a> and Prince-Regent <a href="/wiki/John_VI_of_Portugal" title="John VI of Portugal">John</a> (future John VI) to flee temporarily to Brazil. By the time the new King returned to Lisbon, many of the buildings and properties were pillaged, sacked or destroyed by the invaders. During the 19th century, the Liberal movement introduced new changes into the urban landscape. The principal areas were in the Baixa and along the Chiado district, where shops, tobacconists shops, cafés, bookstores, clubs and theatres proliferated. The development of industry and commerce determined the growth of the city, seeing the transformation of the <a href="/wiki/Passeio_P%C3%BAblico_(Lisbon)" title="Passeio Público (Lisbon)">Passeio Público</a>, a Pombaline era park, into the <a href="/wiki/Avenida_da_Liberdade" title="Avenida da Liberdade">Avenida da Liberdade</a>, as the city grew farther from the Tagus. Lisbon was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Regicide" title="Lisbon Regicide">regicide</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carlos_I_of_Portugal" title="Carlos I of Portugal">Carlos I of Portugal</a> in 1908, an event which culminated two years later in the establishment of the First Republic. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon,_the_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Ajuda.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lisbon%2C_the_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Ajuda.JPG/220px-Lisbon%2C_the_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Ajuda.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lisbon%2C_the_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Ajuda.JPG/330px-Lisbon%2C_the_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Ajuda.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lisbon%2C_the_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Ajuda.JPG/440px-Lisbon%2C_the_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Ajuda.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2712" data-file-height="1597" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Ajuda" title="Palace of Ajuda">Palace of Ajuda</a> was built as a residence for the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Portugal">King of Portugal</a> following the <a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_Earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="1755 Lisbon Earthquake">1755 Lisbon Earthquake</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teatro_Dona_Maria_II_(2.%C2%AA_metade_do_s%C3%A9c._XIX)_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Teatro_Dona_Maria_II_%282.%C2%AA_metade_do_s%C3%A9c._XIX%29_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Teatro_Dona_Maria_II_%282.%C2%AA_metade_do_s%C3%A9c._XIX%29_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Teatro_Dona_Maria_II_%282.%C2%AA_metade_do_s%C3%A9c._XIX%29_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Teatro_Dona_Maria_II_%282.%C2%AA_metade_do_s%C3%A9c._XIX%29_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Teatro_Dona_Maria_II_%282.%C2%AA_metade_do_s%C3%A9c._XIX%29_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Teatro_Dona_Maria_II_%282.%C2%AA_metade_do_s%C3%A9c._XIX%29_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/D._Maria_II_National_Theatre" title="D. Maria II National Theatre">Queen Maria II National Theatre</a> was built in 1842.</figcaption></figure> The city refounded its university in 1911 after centuries of inactivity in Lisbon, incorporating reformed former colleges and other non-university higher education schools of the city (such as the Escola Politécnica – now Faculdade de Ciências). Today there are two public universities in the city (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Lisbon" title="University of Lisbon">University of Lisbon</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_University_of_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="New University of Lisbon">New University of Lisbon</a>), a public university institute (<a href="/wiki/ISCTE_-_Lisbon_University_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="ISCTE - Lisbon University Institute">ISCTE - Lisbon University Institute</a>) and a <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_(Portugal)" title="Polytechnic (Portugal)">polytechnic</a> institute (IPL – <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Polit%C3%A9cnico_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa">Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa</a>). During <a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal in World War II">World War II</a>, Lisbon was one of the very few neutral, open European Atlantic ports, a major gateway for refugees to the U.S. and a haven for spies. More than 100,000 refugees were able to flee <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> via Lisbon.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a> regime (1926–1974), Lisbon, under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Duarte_Pacheco" title="Duarte Pacheco">Duarte Pacheco</a>, the minister of works, was expanded at the cost of other districts within the country, resulting in nationalist and monumental projects. New residential and public developments were constructed; the zone of <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belém (Lisbon)">Belém</a> was modified for the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_World_Exhibition" title="Portuguese World Exhibition">1940 Portuguese Exhibition</a>, while along the periphery new districts appeared to house the growing population. The inauguration of the bridge over the Tagus allowed a rapid connection between both sides of the river. Lisbon was the site of three revolutions in the 20th century. The first, the <a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">5 October 1910 revolution</a>, brought an end to the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese monarchy">Portuguese monarchy</a> and established the highly unstable and corrupt <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_First_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese First Republic">Portuguese First Republic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/28_May_1926_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="28 May 1926 coup d'état">6 June 1926 revolution</a> ended the first republic and firmly established the <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Second_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Second Republic">Portuguese Second Republic</a>, as the ruling regime. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary">Contemporary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Contemporary">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a>, which took place on 25 April 1974, ended the right-wing <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a> regime and reformed the country to become as it is today, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Third_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Third Republic">Portuguese Third Republic</a>. In the 1990s, many of the districts were renovated and projects in the historic quarters were established to modernise those areas, for instance, architectural and patrimonial buildings were renovated, the northern margin of the Tagus was re-purposed for leisure and residential use, the <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge" title="Vasco da Gama Bridge">Vasco da Gama Bridge</a> was constructed and the eastern part of the municipality was re-purposed for <a href="/wiki/Expo_%2798" title="Expo '98">Expo '98</a> to commemorate the 500th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a>'s sea voyage to India, a voyage that would bring immense riches to Lisbon and cause many of Lisbon's landmarks to be built. In 1988, a fire in the historical district of <a href="/wiki/Chiado" title="Chiado">Chiado</a> saw the destruction of many 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Pombaline_style" title="Pombaline style">Pombaline style</a> buildings. A series of restoration works has brought the area back to its former self and made it a high-scale shopping district. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_(08)_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%2808%29_edited.jpg/220px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%2808%29_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%2808%29_edited.jpg/330px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%2808%29_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%2808%29_edited.jpg/440px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%2808%29_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="304" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a>, which forms the constitutional basis of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, was signed at the <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_Monastery" title="Jerónimos Monastery">Jerónimos Monastery</a> in 2007.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Agenda">Lisbon Agenda</a> was a European Union agreement on measures to revitalise the EU economy, signed in Lisbon in March 2000. In October 2007 Lisbon hosted the <a href="/wiki/2007_EU_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 EU Summit">2007 EU Summit</a>, where an agreement was reached regarding a new EU governance model. The resulting <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> was signed on 13 December 2007 and came into force on 1 December 2009. Lisbon has been the site for many international events and programmes. In 1994, Lisbon was the <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a>. On 3 November 2005, Lisbon hosted the <a href="/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Europe Music Awards 2005">MTV European Music Awards</a>. On 7 July 2007, Lisbon held the ceremony of the "New 7 Wonders Of The World"<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> election, in the <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_da_Luz" title="Estádio da Luz">Luz Stadium</a>, with live transmission for millions of people all over the world. Every two years, Lisbon hosts the <a href="/wiki/Rock_in_Rio#Lisboa,_Portugal,_and_Madrid,_Spain" title="Rock in Rio">Rock in Rio Lisboa</a> Music Festival, one of the largest in the world. Lisbon hosted the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> summit (19–20 November 2010), a <a href="/wiki/Summit_(meeting)" title="Summit (meeting)">summit meeting</a> that is regarded as a periodic opportunity for Heads of State and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Government">Heads of Government</a> of <a href="/wiki/NATO_member_states" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO member states">NATO member states</a> to evaluate and provide strategic direction for Alliance activities.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The city hosts the <a href="/wiki/Web_Summit" title="Web Summit">Web Summit</a> and is the head office for the <a href="/wiki/G7%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="G7+">Group of Seven Plus (G7+)</a>. In 2018 it hosted the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">Eurovision Song Contest</a> for the first time as well as the <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Gala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> On 11 July 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_IV" title="Aga Khan IV">Aga Khan</a> officially chose the Henrique de Mendonça Palace, located on Rua Marquês de Fronteira, as the <a href="/wiki/Divan" title="Divan">Divan</a>, or seat, of the global <a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism" title="Nizari Isma'ilism">Nizari Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Lisbon hosted <a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2023" title="World Youth Day 2023">World Youth Day 2023</a> in August of that year, attracting <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> youth from the around the world. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> led several events, with the final <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">mass</a> held in the city's Parque do Tejo having an estimated 1.5 million attendees.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon,_Portugal_ESA24382662.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Lisbon%2C_Portugal_ESA24382662.jpeg/220px-Lisbon%2C_Portugal_ESA24382662.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Lisbon%2C_Portugal_ESA24382662.jpeg/330px-Lisbon%2C_Portugal_ESA24382662.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Lisbon%2C_Portugal_ESA24382662.jpeg/440px-Lisbon%2C_Portugal_ESA24382662.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="3149" /></a><figcaption>View of the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon metropolitan area</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Riviera" title="Portuguese Riviera">Portuguese Riviera</a> to the west of Lisbon and the <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Set%C3%BAbal" title="Península de Setúbal">Setúbal Peninsula</a> south of the <a href="/wiki/Tagus_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagus River">Tagus River</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisboa_freguesias_2012.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lisboa_freguesias_2012.svg/220px-Lisboa_freguesias_2012.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lisboa_freguesias_2012.svg/330px-Lisboa_freguesias_2012.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lisboa_freguesias_2012.svg/440px-Lisboa_freguesias_2012.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3260" data-file-height="3400" /></a><figcaption>Map of the 24 <a href="/wiki/Freguesia" title="Freguesia">freguesias</a> (administrative divisions of the city) of Lisbon grouped by zone:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Historic Center</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Western Lisbon</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Central Lisbon</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Eastern Lisbon</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Northern Lisbon</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_geography">Physical geography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Physical geography">edit</a>]</div> Lisbon is located at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lisbon&params=38_42_49.75_N_9_8_21.79_W_type:city(2042326)_region:PT">38°42′49.75″N 9°8′21.79″W / 38.7138194°N 9.1393861°W / 38.7138194; -9.1393861</a>, situated at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Tagus_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagus River">Tagus River</a> and is the westernmost capital of a mainland European country. The river delta is <a href="/wiki/Inverted_river_delta" title="Inverted river delta">inverted</a>. The westernmost part of Lisbon is occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Monsanto_Forest_Park" title="Monsanto Forest Park">Monsanto Forest Park</a>, a 10 km2 (4 sq mi) urban park, one of the largest in Europe, and occupying 10% of the municipality. The city occupies an area of 100.05 km2 (39 sq mi), and its city boundaries, unlike those of most major cities, coincide with those of the municipality.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The rest of the urbanised area of the Lisbon urban area, known generically as <a href="/wiki/Grande_Lisboa_Subregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Lisboa Subregion">Greater Lisbon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: Grande Lisboa) includes several administratively defined cities and municipalities, in the north bank of the Tagus River. The larger <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon metropolitan area</a> includes the <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Set%C3%BAbal" title="Península de Setúbal">Setúbal Peninsula</a> to the south. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Lisbon" title="Climate of Lisbon">Climate of Lisbon</a></div> Lisbon has a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Csa)<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> with mild, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers. The average annual temperature is 17.4 °C (63.3 °F), 21.3 °C (70.3 °F) during the day and 13.5 °C (56.3 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January – the highest temperature during the day typically ranges from 11 to 19 °C (52 to 66 °F), the lowest temperature at night ranges from 3 to 13 °C (37 to 55 °F) and the average sea temperature is 16 °C (61 °F).<a href="#cite_note-seatemperature-63">[63]</a> In the warmest month – August – the highest temperature during the day typically ranges from 25 to 32 °C (77 to 90 °F), the lowest temperature at night ranges from 14 to 20 °C (57 to 68 °F) and the average sea temperature is around 20 °C (68 °F).<a href="#cite_note-seatemperature-63">[63]</a> Among European capitals, Lisbon ranks among those with the warmest winters and has the mildest winter nights out of any major European city, with a minimum mean of 8.2 °C (46.8 °F) in the coldest month. The coldest temperature ever recorded in Lisbon was −1.2 °C (30 °F) in February 1956; although other locations in its <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> can record lower temperatures, not being as affected by the <a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">urban heat island</a> of the city centre, with <a href="/wiki/Sintra" title="Sintra">Sintra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal" title="Setúbal">Setúbal</a> having reached −4 °C (25 °F) and −5.1 °C (23 °F) respectively, both experiencing about 13 days of frost per year on average.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The highest temperature ever recorded in Lisbon was 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) on 4 August 2018.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The city has around 2,806 hours of sunshine per year, averaging 4.6 hours of sunshine per day in December and 11.4 hours of sunshine per day in July, though when disregarding the duration of the day August is actually the sunniest, with over 80% chance of direct sunlight hitting the ground.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Lisbon has around 750 mm (30 in) of precipitation per year. November and December are the wettest months, accounting for a third of the total annual precipitation. July and August are the driest.<a href="#cite_note-IPMA-68">[68]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Lisbon (altitude: 77 <a href="/wiki/Metres_above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Metres above sea level">m.a.s.l.</a>, ~1km from sea, <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Lisbon&params=38_43_N_9_8_W_type:landmark_region:PT">location on map</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6 (72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8 (76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4 (84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8 (94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.5 (106.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6 (105.1) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.0 (111.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.4 (106.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6 (90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.0 (111.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9 (82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3 (82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6 (79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2 (64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.3 (70.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 (52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9 (60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5 (74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0 (59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 (54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.4 (63.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 (46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 (48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 (51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2 (64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 (53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.5 (56.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2 (29.8) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 (41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1 (57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 (58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 (53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (39.7) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 (35.8) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−1.2 (29.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #6AFF6A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.9 (3.93) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.9 (3.34) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.2 (2.09) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.1 (2.68) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.6 (2.11) </td> <td style="background: #E6FFE6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9 (0.63) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 (0.17) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 (0.24) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (1.30) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100.8 (3.97) </td> <td style="background: #3AFF3A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.6 (5.02) </td> <td style="background: #42FF42; color:#000000;" class="notheme">126.7 (4.99) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">774 (30.47) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) </th> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C0C022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">142.6 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.6 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.7 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.0 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">291.4 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">303.0 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">353.4 </td> <td style="background: #F8F823; color:#000000;" class="notheme">344.1 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">261.0 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">213.9 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.0 </td> <td style="background: #C0C022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">142.6 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,806.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Portugu%C3%AAs_do_Mar_e_da_Atmosfera" title="Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera">Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera</a>,<a href="#cite_note-IPMA-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Observatory" title="Hong Kong Observatory">Hong Kong Observatory</a><a href="#cite_note-HKO-69">[69]</a> for data of sunshine hours </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freguesias">Freguesias</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Freguesias">edit</a>]</div> The municipality of Lisbon included 53 <a href="/wiki/Freguesias" class="mw-redirect" title="Freguesias">freguesias</a> until November 2012. A new law ("Lei n.º 56/2012") reduced the number of freguesias to the following 24:<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajuda" title="Ajuda">Ajuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A2ntara,_Lisbon" title="Alcântara, Lisbon">Alcântara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvalade" title="Alvalade">Alvalade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areeiro,_Lisbon" title="Areeiro, Lisbon">Areeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroios" title="Arroios">Arroios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenidas_Novas" title="Avenidas Novas">Avenidas Novas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beato,_Lisbon" title="Beato, Lisbon">Beato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m,_Lisbon" title="Belém, Lisbon">Belém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benfica,_Lisbon" title="Benfica, Lisbon">Benfica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_de_Ourique" title="Campo de Ourique">Campo de Ourique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campolide" title="Campolide">Campolide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnide" title="Carnide">Carnide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrela,_Lisbon" title="Estrela, Lisbon">Estrela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumiar" title="Lumiar">Lumiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvila,_Lisbon" title="Marvila, Lisbon">Marvila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miseric%C3%B3rdia" title="Misericórdia">Misericórdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivais,_Lisbon" title="Olivais, Lisbon">Olivais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Parque das Nações">Parque das Nações</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penha_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Penha de França">Penha de França</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_Lisbon" title="Santa Clara, Lisbon">Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maior,_Lisbon" title="Santa Maria Maior, Lisbon">Santa Maria Maior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio,_Lisbon" title="Santo António, Lisbon">Santo António</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Domingos_de_Benfica" title="São Domingos de Benfica">São Domingos de Benfica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Lisbon" title="São Vicente, Lisbon">São Vicente</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods">edit</a>]</div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:948px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisboa-lisbon-_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Lisbon's waterfront districts from the Christ the King viewpoint."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lisboa-lisbon-_panorama.jpg/940px-Lisboa-lisbon-_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="940" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lisboa-lisbon-_panorama.jpg/1410px-Lisboa-lisbon-_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lisboa-lisbon-_panorama.jpg/1880px-Lisboa-lisbon-_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6983" data-file-height="846" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisboa-lisbon-_panorama.jpg" title="File:Lisboa-lisbon- panorama.jpg"> </a></div>View of Lisbon's waterfront districts from the <a href="/wiki/Christ_the_King_(Almada)" title="Christ the King (Almada)">Christ the King</a> viewpoint.</div></div></div> Locally, Lisbon's inhabitants may commonly refer to the spaces of Lisbon in terms of historic Bairros de Lisboa (<a href="/wiki/Bairro" title="Bairro">neighbourhoods</a>). These communities have no clearly defined boundaries and represent distinctive quarters of the city that have in common a historical culture, similar living standards, and identifiable architectural landmarks, as exemplified by the Bairro Alto, Alfama, Chiado, and so forth. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alcântara">Alcântara</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Alcântara">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A2ntara,_Lisbon" title="Alcântara, Lisbon">Alcântara</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capela_de_Santo_Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_(37047725223).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Capela_de_Santo_Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%2837047725223%29.jpg/220px-Capela_de_Santo_Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%2837047725223%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Capela_de_Santo_Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%2837047725223%29.jpg/330px-Capela_de_Santo_Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%2837047725223%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Capela_de_Santo_Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%2837047725223%29.jpg/440px-Capela_de_Santo_Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%2837047725223%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3828" data-file-height="2552" /></a><figcaption>Santo Amaro, Alcântara</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alc%C3%A2ntara_by_wax115.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alc%C3%A2ntara_by_wax115.jpg/220px-Alc%C3%A2ntara_by_wax115.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alc%C3%A2ntara_by_wax115.jpg/330px-Alc%C3%A2ntara_by_wax115.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alc%C3%A2ntara_by_wax115.jpg/440px-Alc%C3%A2ntara_by_wax115.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A2ntara_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcântara (Lisbon)">Alcântara</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Lisbon" title="Port of Lisbon">Port of Lisbon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doca_de_Sto._Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_(2449827584).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Doca_de_Sto._Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%282449827584%29.jpg/220px-Doca_de_Sto._Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%282449827584%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Doca_de_Sto._Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%282449827584%29.jpg/330px-Doca_de_Sto._Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%282449827584%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Doca_de_Sto._Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%282449827584%29.jpg/440px-Doca_de_Sto._Amaro_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%282449827584%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Lisbon "docas"</figcaption></figure> Alcântara is situated along the northern bank of the Tagus River, between the parishes of Belém to the west and Estrela to the east. Its proximity to both the city centre and the riverside makes it a well-connected and popular area for both locals and tourists. Although today it is quite central, it was once a mere suburb of Lisbon, comprising mostly farms and country estates of the nobility with their palaces. Amongst the palaces found in the neighbourhood the most notable are: <ul><li>Palácio da Ega (16th century), now hosting the <a href="/wiki/Arquivo_Hist%C3%B3rico_Ultramarino" title="Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino">Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li>Palácio Condes da Ribeira Grande (18th century), now hosting the MACAM museum and an hotel<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>Palácio Burnay (18th century), now in the process of being restored so as to house a state-owned enterprise focused on culture<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li>Palacete do Conde de Burnay (19th century), now housing a public library (biblioteca de Alcântara)<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li>Palácio Vale-Flor (20th century), nowadays a restaurant and an hotel<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li></ul> In the 16th century, there was a brook there which the nobles used to promenade in their boats. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Alcântara became a popular industrial area, with many small factories and warehouses and docks along the waterfront. The presence of these industries attracted many working-class families. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DF1_9862_(45046589254).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/DF1_9862_%2845046589254%29.jpg/220px-DF1_9862_%2845046589254%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/DF1_9862_%2845046589254%29.jpg/330px-DF1_9862_%2845046589254%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/DF1_9862_%2845046589254%29.jpg/440px-DF1_9862_%2845046589254%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption>Lx Factory in Alcântara</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_Burnay_7718.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Pal%C3%A1cio_Burnay_7718.jpg/220px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Burnay_7718.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Pal%C3%A1cio_Burnay_7718.jpg/330px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Burnay_7718.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Pal%C3%A1cio_Burnay_7718.jpg/440px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Burnay_7718.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Palácio Burnay, Alcântara</figcaption></figure> By the mid-20th century, the area had experienced some decline as industries closed down. However, since the late 20th century, Alcântara has seen revitalisation, with many of the old factories repurposed into trendy spaces such as art galleries, nightclubs, and creative hubs. In the early 1990s, Alcântara began to attract youth because of the number of pubs and discothèques. This was mainly due to its outer area of mostly commercial buildings, which acted as barriers to the noise-generating nightlife (which acted as a buffer to the residential communities surrounding it). In the meantime, some of these areas began to become gentrified, attracting loft developments and new flats, which have profited from its river views and central location. Alcântara has emerged as one of Lisbon's most dynamic areas for nightlife and culture. The riverfront of Alcântara is known for its nightclubs and bars. The area is commonly known as docas (docks), since most of the clubs and bars are housed in converted dock warehouses.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Key places of interest/cultural landmarks in the neighbourhood include: <ul><li>LX Factory: A cultural and creative complex housed in a former industrial site now home to cafes, restaurants, co-working spaces, shops, and art installations. LX Factory frequently hosts markets, exhibitions, and live performances<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li>Village Underground: An innovative cultural space made of recycled shipping containers and old buses, used as offices, restaurants, and even a stage for performances. It exemplifies the creative reuse of industrial spaces in Alcântara.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li>Museums: Many museums can be found in Alcantara, including the "Museu de Macau" (Macau Museum),<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> "Museu da Carris" (Carris - Public transportation museum),<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> the "B-Mad museum" (Berardo - Museum Art Deco)<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> and the set-to-open in 2024 MACAM (Armando Martins Museum of Contemporary Art)<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li> <li>Pilar 7: situated within one of the massive support pillars of the 25 de Abril Bridge. It was created to offer visitors a closer look at the bridge's architectural and engineering marvel, providing access to areas of the bridge that would otherwise be off-limits. The main focus is on the structural aspects and construction of the bridge, but it also incorporates interactive exhibits and a viewpoint.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li></ul> The neighbourhood is also noticeable for hosting the "Lisbon Congress Centre" (Centro de congressos de Lisboa),<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> the Lisbon Metropolitan Orchestra (Orquestra Metropolitana de Lisboa)<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arquivo_Hist%C3%B3rico_Ultramarino" title="Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino">Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alfama">Alfama</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Alfama">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alfama" title="Alfama">Alfama</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_ver_S._Vicente.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/A_ver_S._Vicente.jpg/220px-A_ver_S._Vicente.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/A_ver_S._Vicente.jpg/330px-A_ver_S._Vicente.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/A_ver_S._Vicente.jpg/440px-A_ver_S._Vicente.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2163" data-file-height="1438" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alfama" title="Alfama">Alfama</a>, with the churches of <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_S%C3%A3o_Vicente_de_Fora" title="Monastery of São Vicente de Fora">S. Vicente de Fora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Santa_Engr%C3%A1cia" title="Church of Santa Engrácia">S. Engrácia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Igreja_de_Santo_Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_(Lisbon)" title="Igreja de Santo Estêvão (Lisbon)">S. Estêvão</a>, and the Tagus river behind</figcaption></figure> Alfama, the oldest district of Lisbon, spreads down the southern slope from the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jorge_Castle" title="São Jorge Castle">Castle of São Jorge</a> to the <a href="/wiki/River_Tagus" class="mw-redirect" title="River Tagus">River Tagus</a>. Its name, derived from the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> Al-hamma, means fountains or baths. During the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula">Islamic invasion of Iberia</a>, the Alfama constituted the largest part of the city, extending west to the <a href="/wiki/Baixa" class="mw-redirect" title="Baixa">Baixa</a> neighbourhood. Increasingly, the Alfama became inhabited by fishermen and the poor: its fame as a poor neighbourhood continues to this day. Many of the buildings date back to the 18th century, showcasing traditional Portuguese architecture, complete with colorful tiled facades and wrought-iron balconies. While the <a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">1755 Lisbon earthquake</a> caused considerable damage throughout the capital, the Alfama was largely spared and survived with little damage, thanks to its compact labyrinth of narrow streets and small squares. This historic district has retained much of its original character. It is a historical quarter of mixed-use buildings occupied by <a href="/wiki/Fado" title="Fado">Fado</a> bars, restaurants, and homes with small shops downstairs. Fado, the typically Portuguese style of melancholy music, is common (but not obligatory) in the restaurants of the district. Modernising trends have invigorated the district: old houses have been re-purposed or remodelled, while new buildings have been constructed. Alfama hosts several events throughout the year, including the popular Festas de Santo António, where locals celebrate with street parties, music, and food. This vibrant atmosphere showcases the community's spirit and connection to its cultural roots. Key places of interest/cultural landmarks in the neighbourhood include: <ul><li>São Jorge Castle: historic <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a> which has been continuously occupied for the last 3,000 years<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li>Miradouros: Amongst the most emblematic viewpoints there are Miradouro de Santa Luzia (where the Igreja de Santa Luzia e de São Brás stands) and the Miradouro das Portas do Sol.</li> <li>Museums: Many museums can be found in Alfama, including the "Museu de Santo António" (Saint Anthony Museum),<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> "Museu do Aljube - Resistência e Liberdade" (Aljube - Estado Novo dictatorship museum),<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> the "Museu do Teatro Romano" (Roman Theatre Museum),<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> the "Fundação José Saramago" (José Saramago Foundation)<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> and the "Museu de Artes Decorativas Portuguesas" (Museum of Portuguese Decorative Arts)<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mouraria">Mouraria</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mouraria">edit</a>]</div> The Mouraria, or Moorish quarter, is one of the most traditional neighbourhoods of Lisbon,<a href="#cite_note-Carvalho2007-97">[97]</a> although most of its old buildings were demolished by the <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a> between the 1930s and the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-Colvin2008-98">[98]</a> It takes its name from the fact that after the reconquest of Lisbon, the Muslims who remained were confined to this part of the city.<a href="#cite_note-Soyer2007b-99">[99]</a> In turn, the Jews were confined to three neighbourhoods called "Judiarias".<a href="#cite_note-O'Flanagan2008-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bairro_Alto">Bairro Alto</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bairro Alto">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bairro_Alto" title="Bairro Alto">Bairro Alto</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bairro_Alto,_Lisbon_(34487234082).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bairro_Alto%2C_Lisbon_%2834487234082%29.jpg/220px-Bairro_Alto%2C_Lisbon_%2834487234082%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bairro_Alto%2C_Lisbon_%2834487234082%29.jpg/330px-Bairro_Alto%2C_Lisbon_%2834487234082%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bairro_Alto%2C_Lisbon_%2834487234082%29.jpg/440px-Bairro_Alto%2C_Lisbon_%2834487234082%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5830" data-file-height="3568" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Cadaval" title="Duke of Cadaval">Duke of Cadaval</a> Square, bordering <a href="/wiki/Bairro_Alto" title="Bairro Alto">Bairro Alto</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baixa_Pombalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Baixa Pombalina">Baixa Pombalina</a></figcaption></figure> Bairro Alto (literally the upper quarter in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>) is an area of central Lisbon that functions as a residential, shopping and entertainment district; it is the center of the Portuguese capital's nightlife, attracting hipster youth and members of various music subcultures. Lisbon's <a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">punk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gay_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay (term)">gay</a>, metal, <a href="/wiki/Goth_subculture" title="Goth subculture">goth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> scenes all find a home in the Bairro with its many clubs and bars that cater to them. The crowds in the Bairro Alto are a multicultural mix of people representing a broad cross-section of modern Portuguese society, many of them being entertainment seekers and devotees of various music genres outside the mainstream, <a href="/wiki/Fado" title="Fado">Fado</a>, Portugal's national music, still survives in the midst of the new nightlife. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baixa">Baixa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Baixa">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_the_S%C3%A3o_Jorge_Castle,_including_the_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_on_the_waterfront.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/View_from_the_S%C3%A3o_Jorge_Castle%2C_including_the_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_on_the_waterfront.jpg/220px-View_from_the_S%C3%A3o_Jorge_Castle%2C_including_the_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_on_the_waterfront.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/View_from_the_S%C3%A3o_Jorge_Castle%2C_including_the_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_on_the_waterfront.jpg/330px-View_from_the_S%C3%A3o_Jorge_Castle%2C_including_the_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_on_the_waterfront.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/View_from_the_S%C3%A3o_Jorge_Castle%2C_including_the_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_on_the_waterfront.jpg/440px-View_from_the_S%C3%A3o_Jorge_Castle%2C_including_the_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_on_the_waterfront.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>View from the São Jorge Castle, including the Praça do Comércio on the waterfront</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Baixa_Pombalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Baixa Pombalina">Baixa Pombalina</a></div> The heart of the city is the <a href="/wiki/Baixa" class="mw-redirect" title="Baixa">Baixa</a> or city centre; the Pombaline Baixa is an elegant district, primarily constructed after the <a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">1755 Lisbon earthquake</a>, taking its name from its benefactor, <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo,_1st_Marquis_of_Pombal" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal">Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal</a>, who was the minister of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Portugal" title="Joseph I of Portugal">Joseph I of Portugal</a> (1750–1777) and a key figure during the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/The_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="The Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>. Following the 1755 disaster, Pombal took the lead in rebuilding Lisbon, imposing strict conditions and guidelines on the construction of the city, and transforming the organic street plan that characterised the district before the earthquake into its current grid pattern. As a result, the Pombaline Baixa is one of the first examples of <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_construction" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquake construction">earthquake-resistant construction</a>. Architectural models were tested by having troops march around them to simulate an earthquake. Notable features of Pombaline structures include the Pombaline cage, a symmetrical wood-lattice framework aimed at distributing earthquake forces, and inter-terrace walls that were built higher than roof timbers to inhibit the spread of fires. <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Praça do Comércio, with the Rua Augusta Arch, in the Lisbon Baixa"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_pano.jpg/1000px-Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_pano.jpg/1500px-Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_pano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_pano.jpg/2000px-Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_pano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6754" data-file-height="1450" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon_Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_pano.jpg" title="File:Lisbon Praça do Comércio pano.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio" title="Praça do Comércio">Praça do Comércio</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Rua_Augusta_Arch" title="Rua Augusta Arch">Rua Augusta Arch</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Baixa" title="Lisbon Baixa">Lisbon Baixa</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beato">Beato</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Beato">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teatro_Ib%C3%A9rico_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Teatro_Ib%C3%A9rico_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Teatro_Ib%C3%A9rico_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Teatro_Ib%C3%A9rico_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Teatro_Ib%C3%A9rico_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Teatro_Ib%C3%A9rico_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Teatro_Ib%C3%A9rico_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2255" /></a><figcaption>Facade of Teatro Ibérico, in Beato</figcaption></figure> The parish of <a href="/wiki/Beato,_Lisbon" title="Beato, Lisbon">Beato</a> stands out for the new cultural dynamics it has been experiencing in recent years. The manufacturing districts and the industrial facilities by the riverside docks are the place of choice for contemporary art galleries, iconic bars, and gourmet restaurants that simmer in the streets. This reality has not gone unnoticed by the national press, and Visão,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> TimeOut,<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> or Jornal de Negócios<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> have already made notice of this parish that hides treasures such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Azulejo" title="National Museum of the Azulejo">National Museum of the Azulejo</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Palacio_do_Grilo" title="Palacio do Grilo">Palacio do Grilo</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belém">Belém</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Belém">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_de_Bel%C3%A9m" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria de Belém">Belém</a></div> Belém is famous as the place from which many of the great <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> explorers set off on their voyages of discovery. In particular, it is the place from which <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> departed for <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> in 1497 and Pedro Álvares Cabral departed for Brazil in 1499. It is also a former royal residence and features the 17th – 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Palace" title="Belém Palace">Belém Palace</a>, a former royal residence now occupied by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President of Portugal</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ajuda_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajuda Palace">Ajuda Palace</a>, begun in 1802 but never completed. Perhaps Belém's most famous feature is its tower, <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Tower" title="Belém Tower">Torre de Belém</a>, whose image is much used by Lisbon's tourist board. The tower was built as a fortified lighthouse late in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Dom Manuel l</a> (1515–1520) to guard the entrance to the port. It stood on a little island on the right side of the <a href="/wiki/Tagus" title="Tagus">Tagus</a>, surrounded by water. Belém's other major historical building is the <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_Monastery,_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerónimos Monastery, Lisbon">Mosteiro dos Jerónimos</a> (Jerónimos Monastery), which the <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Tower" title="Belém Tower">Torre de Belém</a> was built partly to defend. Belém's most notable modern feature is the <a href="/wiki/Padr%C3%A3o_dos_Descobrimentos" class="mw-redirect" title="Padrão dos Descobrimentos">Padrão dos Descobrimentos</a> (Monument to the Discoveries) built for the Portuguese World Fair in 1940. In the heart of Belém is the Praça do Império: gardens centred upon a large fountain, laid out during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. To the west of the gardens lies the <a href="/wiki/Centro_Cultural_de_Bel%C3%A9m" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro Cultural de Belém">Centro Cultural de Belém</a>. Belém is one of the most visited Lisbon districts. Here is located the <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Restelo" title="Estádio do Restelo">Estádio do Restelo</a>, home to <a href="/wiki/C.F._Os_Belenenses" title="C.F. Os Belenenses">Belenenses</a>. <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:JeronimosLisbon_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Jerónimos Monastery and Praça do Império (Empire Square) from the top of the Padrão dos Descobrimentos in Belém"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JeronimosLisbon_%28cropped%29.jpg/1000px-JeronimosLisbon_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JeronimosLisbon_%28cropped%29.jpg/1500px-JeronimosLisbon_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JeronimosLisbon_%28cropped%29.jpg/2000px-JeronimosLisbon_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11048" data-file-height="2144" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:JeronimosLisbon_(cropped).jpg" title="File:JeronimosLisbon (cropped).jpg"> </a></div>View of <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_Monastery" title="Jerónimos Monastery">Jerónimos Monastery</a> and Praça do Império (Empire Square) from the top of the <a href="/wiki/Padr%C3%A3o_dos_Descobrimentos" class="mw-redirect" title="Padrão dos Descobrimentos">Padrão dos Descobrimentos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belém (Lisbon)">Belém</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chiado">Chiado</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Chiado">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chiado" title="Chiado">Chiado</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PlazaDeCamoesLisboa-P1100966-P1100968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/PlazaDeCamoesLisboa-P1100966-P1100968.jpg/220px-PlazaDeCamoesLisboa-P1100966-P1100968.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/PlazaDeCamoesLisboa-P1100966-P1100968.jpg/330px-PlazaDeCamoesLisboa-P1100966-P1100968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/PlazaDeCamoesLisboa-P1100966-P1100968.jpg/440px-PlazaDeCamoesLisboa-P1100966-P1100968.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="1269" /></a><figcaption>Monument to <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Cam%C3%B5es" title="Luís de Camões">Luís de Camões</a>, considered the greatest poet of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese language</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Chiado" title="Chiado">Chiado</a></figcaption></figure> The Chiado is a traditional shopping area that mixes old and modern commercial establishments, concentrated specially in the Rua do Carmo and the Rua Garrett. Locals as well as tourists visit the Chiado to buy books, clothing and pottery as well as to have a cup of coffee. The most famous café of Chiado is <a href="/wiki/A_Brasileira" class="mw-redirect" title="A Brasileira">A Brasileira</a>, famous for having had poet <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Fernando Pessoa</a> among its customers. The Chiado is also an important cultural area, with several museums and theatres, including the opera. Several buildings of the Chiado were destroyed in a fire in 1988, an event that deeply shocked the country. Thanks to a renovation project that lasted more than 10 years, coordinated by celebrated architect <a href="/wiki/Siza_Vieira" class="mw-redirect" title="Siza Vieira">Siza Vieira</a>, the affected area has now virtually recovered. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Estrela">Estrela</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Estrela">edit</a>]</div> The ornate, late 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Estrela_Basilica" title="Estrela Basilica">Estrela Basilica</a> is the main attraction of this district. The church with its large dome is located on a hill in what was at the time the western part of Lisbon and can be seen from great distances. The style is similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Mafra_National_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Mafra National Palace">Mafra National Palace</a>, late baroque and neoclassical. The façade has twin bell towers and includes statues of saints and some allegorical figures. <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Bento_Palace" title="São Bento Palace">São Bento Palace</a>, the seat of the Portuguese parliament and the official residences of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Prime Minister of Portugal</a> and the President of the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of the Republic of Portugal">Assembly of the Republic of Portugal</a>, are in this district. Also in this district is Estrela Park, a favorite with families. There are exotic plants and trees, a duck pond, various sculptures, a children's playground, and many cultural events going on throughout the year, including outdoor cinema, markets, and music festivals. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parque_das_Nações">Parque das Nações</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Parque das Nações">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Parque das Nações">Parque das Nações</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon_120_(31787634704).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Lisbon_120_%2831787634704%29.jpg/220px-Lisbon_120_%2831787634704%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Lisbon_120_%2831787634704%29.jpg/330px-Lisbon_120_%2831787634704%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Lisbon_120_%2831787634704%29.jpg/440px-Lisbon_120_%2831787634704%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Parque das Nações">Parque das Nações</a> district was initially built for the <a href="/wiki/Expo_%2798" title="Expo '98">Lisbon World Expo</a>.</figcaption></figure> Parque das Nações (Park of Nations) is the newest district in Lisbon; it emerged from an urban renewal program to host the 1998 World Exhibition of Lisbon, also known as Expo'98. The area suffered massive changes giving Parque das Nações a futuristic look. A long-lasting legacy of the same, the area has become another commercial and higher-end residential area for the city. Central in the area is the <a href="/wiki/Gare_do_Oriente" title="Gare do Oriente">Gare do Oriente</a> (Orient railway station), one of the main transport hubs of Lisbon for trains, buses, taxis, and the metro. Its glass and steel columns are inspired by Gothic architecture, lending the whole structure a visual fascination (especially in sunlight or when illuminated at night). It was designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Calatrava" title="Santiago Calatrava">Santiago Calatrava</a> from <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Spain. The Parque das Nações is across the street. The area is pedestrian-friendly with new buildings, restaurants, gardens, the <a href="/wiki/Casino_Lisboa,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Casino Lisboa, Portugal">Casino Lisbon</a>, the FIL building (International Exhibition and Fair), the Camões Theatre and the Oceanário de Lisboa (<a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Oceanarium" title="Lisbon Oceanarium">Lisbon Oceanarium</a>), which is the second-largest in the world. The district's <a href="/wiki/Altice_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Altice Arena">Altice Arena</a> has become Lisbon's "jack-of-all-trades" performance arena. With seating for 20,000, it has staged events ranging from concerts to basketball tournaments. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisboa,_Ayuntamiento.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lisboa%2C_Ayuntamiento.jpg/220px-Lisboa%2C_Ayuntamiento.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lisboa%2C_Ayuntamiento.jpg/330px-Lisboa%2C_Ayuntamiento.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lisboa%2C_Ayuntamiento.jpg/440px-Lisboa%2C_Ayuntamiento.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2807" data-file-height="4066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_City_Hall" title="Lisbon City Hall">Lisbon City Hall</a>, the seat of Lisbon's municipal government</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_Lisboa_Council_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Portugal_Lisboa_Council_2021.svg/220px-Portugal_Lisboa_Council_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Portugal_Lisboa_Council_2021.svg/330px-Portugal_Lisboa_Council_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Portugal_Lisboa_Council_2021.svg/440px-Portugal_Lisboa_Council_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption>Composition of Lisbon city council (2021–2025): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Portugal)" title="Social Democratic Party (Portugal)">PSD</a> / <a href="/wiki/CDS_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Party" title="CDS – People's Party">CDS</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alliance_(Portugal)" title="Alliance (Portugal)">A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Earth_Party" title="Earth Party">MPT</a> / <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Monarchist_Party_(Portugal)" title="People's Monarchist Party (Portugal)">PPM</a> (7) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Portugal)" title="Socialist Party (Portugal)">PS</a> / <a href="/wiki/LIVRE" title="LIVRE">L</a> (7) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Unitary_Democratic_Coalition" title="Unitary Democratic Coalition">CDU</a> (2) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Left_Bloc_(Portugal)" title="Left Bloc (Portugal)">BE</a> (1)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Lisbon" title="List of mayors of Lisbon">List of mayors of Lisbon</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Moedas" title="Carlos Moedas">Carlos Moedas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Portugal)" title="Social Democratic Party (Portugal)">PSD</a>) took office as the 78th and current <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Lisbon" title="List of mayors of Lisbon">Mayor of Lisbon</a> on 18 October 2021, following the <a href="/wiki/2021_Lisbon_local_election" title="2021 Lisbon local election">2021 local elections</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_election_results_1976–2021">Local election results 1976–2021</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Local election results 1976–2021">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%; line-height:23px;"> <caption>Summary of local elections for Lisbon city hall, 1976–2021 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="left"" valign="center" rowspan="2">Election </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Communist_Party" title="Portuguese Communist Party">PCP</a> <a href="/wiki/United_People_Alliance" title="United People Alliance">APU</a> <a href="/wiki/Unitary_Democratic_Coalition" title="Unitary Democratic Coalition">CDU</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Portugal)" title="Socialist Party (Portugal)">PS</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Portugal)" title="Social Democratic Party (Portugal)">PSD</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_Social_Centre_%E2%80%93_People%C2%B4s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic and Social Centre – People´s Party">CDS</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Monarchist_Party_(Portugal)" title="People's Monarchist Party (Portugal)">PPM</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Left_Bloc_(Portugal)" title="Left Bloc (Portugal)">BE</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Carmona_Rodrigues" title="Carmona Rodrigues">CR</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Helena_Roseta" title="Helena Roseta">HR</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center"><a href="/wiki/People-Animals-Nature" class="mw-redirect" title="People-Animals-Nature">PAN</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Initiative_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Initiative (Portugal)">IL</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Enough!_(Portuguese_political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enough! (Portuguese political party)">CH</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center" rowspan="2"><abbr title="Other parties and Invalid/Blank votes">O/I</abbr> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="right" valign="center" rowspan="2">Turnout </th></tr> <tr> <th class="sortable" style="background:#FF0000;"> </th> <th class="sortable" style="background:#FF66FF;"> </th> <th class="sortable" style="background:#FF9900;"> </th> <th class="sortable" style="background:#0093DD;"> </th> <th class="sortable" style="background:#2A5392;"> </th> <th class="sortable" style="background:#8B0000;"> </th> <th class="sortable" style="background:gray;"> </th> <th class="sortable" style="background:gray;"> </th> <th class="sortable" style="background:#008080;"> </th> <th class="sortable" style="background:#00ADEF;"> </th> <th class="sortable" style="background:#202056;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9">1976 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">20.7 </td> <td align="right" style="background:#FFCBFF">35.5 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">15.2 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">19.0 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">0.4 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">9.1 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">66.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9">1979 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">25.1 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">23.4 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#CBDCEF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Portugal,_1979)" title="Democratic Alliance (Portugal, 1979)">46.7</a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">4.9 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">75.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9">1982 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">26.7 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">27.0 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#CBDCEF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Portugal,_1979)" title="Democratic Alliance (Portugal, 1979)">41.3</a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">5.1 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">72.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9">1985 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">27.5 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">18.0 </td> <td align="right" style="background:#FFD18D">44.8 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">5.1 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">4.7 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">58.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9">1989 </td> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#ff99b2">49.1 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center" valign="top">42.1 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">8.9 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">54.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9">1993 </td> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#ff99b2">56.7 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">26.4 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">7.8 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">9.3 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">53.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9">1997 </td> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#ff99b2">51.9 </td> <td colspan="2" align="center" valign="top">39.3 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">8.8 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">48.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"><a href="/wiki/2001_Lisbon_local_election" title="2001 Lisbon local election">2001</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="2">41.7 </td> <td align="right" style="background:#FFD18D">42.0 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">7.6 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">w.PSD </td> <td align="right" valign="top">3.8 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">4.9 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">55.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"><a href="/wiki/2005_Lisbon_local_election" title="2005 Lisbon local election">2005</a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top">11.4 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">26.6 </td> <td align="right" style="background:#FFD18D">42.4 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">5.9 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">7.9 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">5.9 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">52.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"><a href="/wiki/2007_Lisbon_local_by-election" title="2007 Lisbon local by-election">2007</a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top">9.5 </td> <td align="right" style="background:#FFCBFF">29.5 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">15.7 </td> <td width="30" align="right" valign="top">3.7 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">0.4 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">6.8 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">16.7 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">10.2 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">7.8 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">37.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"><a href="/wiki/2009_Lisbon_local_election" title="2009 Lisbon local election">2009</a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top">8.1 </td> <td align="right" style="background:#FFCBFF">44.0 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center" valign="top">38.7 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">4.6 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">4.7 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">53.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"><a href="/wiki/2013_Lisbon_local_election" title="2013 Lisbon local election">2013</a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top">9.9 </td> <td align="right" style="background:#FFCBFF">50.9 </td> <td colspan="2" align="center" valign="top">22.4 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">1.2 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">4.6 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">2.3 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td align="right" valign="top">8.7 </td> <td align="right" valign="top">45.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"><a href="/wiki/2017_Lisbon_local_election" title="2017 Lisbon local election">2017</a> </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">9.6 </td> <td width="33" align="right" style="background:#FFCBFF">42.0 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">11.2 </td> <td width="33" colspan="2" align="center" valign="top">20.6 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">7.1 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">3.0 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">6.5 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">51.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"><a href="/wiki/2021_Lisbon_local_election" title="2021 Lisbon local election">2021</a> </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">10.5 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">33.3 </td> <td width="33" colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#CBDCEF">34.3 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">6.2 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">- </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">2.7 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">4.2 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">4.4 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">4.4 </td> <td width="33" align="right" valign="top">51.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="16">Source: Marktest<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Lisbon" title="Tourism in Lisbon">Tourism in Lisbon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon_2015_10_14_0648_(23515641921).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lisbon_2015_10_14_0648_%2823515641921%29.jpg/220px-Lisbon_2015_10_14_0648_%2823515641921%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lisbon_2015_10_14_0648_%2823515641921%29.jpg/330px-Lisbon_2015_10_14_0648_%2823515641921%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lisbon_2015_10_14_0648_%2823515641921%29.jpg/440px-Lisbon_2015_10_14_0648_%2823515641921%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Coach_Museum" title="National Coach Museum">National Coach Museum</a> has the largest collection of royal carriages in the world and is one of Lisbon's most visited institutions.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga2075_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga2075_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga2075_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga2075_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga2075_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga2075_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga2075_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2535" data-file-height="1826" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ancient_Art" title="National Museum of Ancient Art">National Museum of Ancient Art</a> has one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_art_museums" title="List of largest art museums">largest art collections in the world</a>.</figcaption></figure> The city of Lisbon is rich in architecture; <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manueline" title="Manueline">Manueline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodern">Postmodern</a> constructions can be found all over Lisbon. The city is also crossed by historical boulevards and monuments along the main thoroughfares, particularly in the upper districts; notable among these are the <a href="/wiki/Avenida_da_Liberdade" title="Avenida da Liberdade">Avenida da Liberdade</a> (Avenue of Liberty), Avenida Fontes Pereira de Melo, Avenida Almirante Reis and Avenida da República (Avenue of the Republic). Lisbon is home to numerous prominent museums and art collections, from all around the world. The <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ancient_Art" title="National Museum of Ancient Art">National Museum of Ancient Art</a>, which has one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_art_museums" title="List of largest art museums">largest art collections in the world</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Coach_Museum" title="National Coach Museum">National Coach Museum</a>, which has the world's largest collection of royal coaches and carriages, are the two most visited museums in the city. Other notable national museums include the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Archaeology,_Lisbon" title="National Museum of Archaeology, Lisbon">National Museum of Archaeology</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Lisbon" title="Museum of Lisbon">Museum of Lisbon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Azulejo" title="National Museum of the Azulejo">National Azulejo Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_of_Chiado" title="National Museum of Contemporary Art of Chiado">National Museum of Contemporary Art</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History_and_Science,_Lisbon" title="National Museum of Natural History and Science, Lisbon">National Museum of Natural History & Science</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torre_Bel%C3%A9m_April_2009-4a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Torre_Bel%C3%A9m_April_2009-4a.jpg/220px-Torre_Bel%C3%A9m_April_2009-4a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Torre_Bel%C3%A9m_April_2009-4a.jpg/330px-Torre_Bel%C3%A9m_April_2009-4a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Torre_Bel%C3%A9m_April_2009-4a.jpg/440px-Torre_Bel%C3%A9m_April_2009-4a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5035" data-file-height="4805" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Tower" title="Belém Tower">Belém Tower</a>, one of the most famous and visited landmarks in Lisbon and throughout Portugal</figcaption></figure> Prominent private museums and galleries include the <a href="/wiki/Calouste_Gulbenkian_Museum" title="Calouste Gulbenkian Museum">Gulbenkian Museum</a> (run by the <a href="/wiki/Calouste_Gulbenkian_Foundation" title="Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation">Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_charitable_foundations" title="List of wealthiest charitable foundations">wealthiest foundations in the world</a>), which houses one of the largest private collections of antiquities and art in the world, the <a href="/wiki/Berardo_Collection_Museum" title="Berardo Collection Museum">Contemporary Art Museum - Centro Cultural de Belém</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Art,_Architecture_and_Technology" title="Museum of Art, Architecture and Technology">Museum of Art, Architecture and Technology</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Orient" title="Museum of the Orient">Museum of the Orient</a>. Other popular museums include the <a href="/wiki/Electricity_Museum" title="Electricity Museum">Electricity Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ephemeral_Museum" title="Ephemeral Museum">Ephemeral Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museu_da_%C3%81gua" title="Museu da Água">Museu da Água</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Museu_Benfica" title="Museu Benfica">Museu Benfica</a>, among many others. Lisbon's Opera House, the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Nacional_de_S%C3%A3o_Carlos" title="Teatro Nacional de São Carlos">Teatro Nacional de São Carlos</a>, hosts a relatively active cultural agenda, mainly in autumn and winter. Other important theatres and musical houses are the <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Cultural_Center" title="Belém Cultural Center">Centro Cultural de Belém</a>, the <a href="/wiki/D._Maria_II_National_Theatre" title="D. Maria II National Theatre">Teatro Nacional D. Maria II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Calouste_Gulbenkian_Foundation" title="Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation">Gulbenkian Foundation</a>, and the Teatro Camões. The monument to Christ the King (<a href="/wiki/Christ_the_King_(Almada)" title="Christ the King (Almada)">Cristo-Rei</a>) stands on the southern bank of the Tagus River, in <a href="/wiki/Almada" title="Almada">Almada</a>. With open arms, overlooking the whole city, it resembles the Corcovado monument in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, and was built after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, as a memorial of thanksgiving for Portugal's being spared the horrors and destruction of the war. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_gulbekian,_sala_del_mobilio_francese.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Museo_gulbekian%2C_sala_del_mobilio_francese.jpg/220px-Museo_gulbekian%2C_sala_del_mobilio_francese.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Museo_gulbekian%2C_sala_del_mobilio_francese.jpg/330px-Museo_gulbekian%2C_sala_del_mobilio_francese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Museo_gulbekian%2C_sala_del_mobilio_francese.jpg/440px-Museo_gulbekian%2C_sala_del_mobilio_francese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2226" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Calouste_Gulbenkian_Foundation" title="Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation">Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_charitable_foundations" title="List of wealthiest charitable foundations">wealthiest foundations in the world</a> and houses one of the largest private collections of antiquaries and art in the world, within the <a href="/wiki/Calouste_Gulbenkian_Museum" title="Calouste Gulbenkian Museum">Gulbenkian Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> 13 June is Lisbon's holiday in honour of the city's saint, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony of Lisbon">Anthony of Lisbon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: Santo António). Saint Anthony, also known as Saint Anthony of Padua, was a wealthy Portuguese bohemian who was <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonised</a> and made <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a> after a life preaching to the poor. Although Lisbon's patron saint is Saint <a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_Saragossa" title="Vincent of Saragossa">Vincent of Saragossa</a>, whose remains are housed in the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Cathedral" title="Lisbon Cathedral">Sé Cathedral</a>, there are no festivities associated with this saint. <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_VII_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduardo VII Park">Eduardo VII Park</a>, the second-largest park in the city following the Parque Florestal de Monsanto (<a href="/wiki/Monsanto_Forest_Park" title="Monsanto Forest Park">Monsanto Forest Park</a>), extends down the main avenue (<a href="/wiki/Avenida_da_Liberdade" title="Avenida da Liberdade">Avenida da Liberdade</a>), with many flowering plants and green spaces, that includes the permanent collection of subtropical and tropical plants in the winter garden (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: Estufa Fria). Originally named Parque da Liberdade, it was renamed in honour of <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> who visited Lisbon in 1903. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A7a._do_Rossio_-_Lisboa_(Portugal).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/P%C3%A7a._do_Rossio_-_Lisboa_%28Portugal%29.jpg/220px-P%C3%A7a._do_Rossio_-_Lisboa_%28Portugal%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/P%C3%A7a._do_Rossio_-_Lisboa_%28Portugal%29.jpg/330px-P%C3%A7a._do_Rossio_-_Lisboa_%28Portugal%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/P%C3%A7a._do_Rossio_-_Lisboa_%28Portugal%29.jpg/440px-P%C3%A7a._do_Rossio_-_Lisboa_%28Portugal%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5175" data-file-height="3879" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rossio_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossio Square">Rossio Square</a>, with <a href="/wiki/D._Maria_II_National_Theatre" title="D. Maria II National Theatre">Queen Maria II National Theatre</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> Lisbon is home every year to the <a href="/wiki/Queer_Lisboa_International_Queer_Film_Festival" title="Queer Lisboa International Queer Film Festival">Lisbon Gay & Lesbian Film Festival</a>,<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> the Lisboarte, the DocLisboa – Lisbon International Documentary Film Festival,<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> the Festival Internacional de Máscaras e Comediantes, the Lisboa Mágica – Street Magic World Festival, the Monstra – Animated Film Festival, the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Book_Fair" title="Lisbon Book Fair">Lisbon Book Fair</a>,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> the Peixe em Lisboa – Lisbon Fish and Flavours,<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> and many others. Lisbon has two sites listed by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Tower" title="Belém Tower">Belém Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_Monastery" title="Jerónimos Monastery">Jerónimos Monastery</a>. Furthermore, in 1994, Lisbon was the <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> and, in 1998, organised the <a href="/wiki/Expo_%2798" title="Expo '98">Expo '98</a> (1998 Lisbon World Exposition). Lisbon is also home to the Lisbon Architecture Triennial,<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> the Moda Lisboa (Fashion Lisbon),<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> ExperimentaDesign – Biennial of Design,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> and LuzBoa – Biennial of Light.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Lisbon hosts many fine examples of Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo">azulejo</a> tile art, a use of ceramic tile as an architectural finish for both building interiors and exteriors dating from the 15th Century. This art form is celebrated in Lisbon's <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Azulejo" title="National Museum of the Azulejo">National Museum of the Azulejo</a> and as a station feature in the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon metro">Lisbon metro</a>. In addition, the mosaic <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_pavement" title="Portuguese pavement">Portuguese pavement</a> (Calçada Portuguesa) was born in Lisbon, in the mid-1800s. The art has since spread to the rest of the Portuguese Speaking world. The city remains one of the most expansive examples of the technique, nearly all walkways and even many streets being created and maintained in this style. In May 2018, the city hosted the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">63rd edition of the Eurovision Song Contest</a>, after the victory of <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Sobral" title="Salvador Sobral">Salvador Sobral</a> with the song "<a href="/wiki/Amar_pelos_dois" title="Amar pelos dois">Amar pelos dois</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> on 13 May 2017. <a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2023" title="World Youth Day 2023">World Youth Day 2023</a> was hosted in August of that year in Lisbon, attracting hundreds of thousands of young Catholics from over 140 countries.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">43 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">900 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+233.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1552 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">200,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+100.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1598 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">150,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−25.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1720 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">185,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+23.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1755 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">180,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1756 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">165,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−8.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1801 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">203,999</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">250,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1849 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">174,668</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−30.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1864 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">190,311</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1878 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">240,740</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">300,964</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.0%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">351,210</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">431,738</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+22.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">484,664</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1930 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">591,939</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1940 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">694,389</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">783,226</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1960 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">802,230</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">769,044</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">807,937</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">663,394</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−17.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">564,657</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−14.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">552,700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−2.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">545,796</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.2%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estat%C3%ADstica_(Portugal)" title="Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal)">INE</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The historical population of the city was around 35,000 in 1300 . This number went up to 60,000 in 1400, and raised to 70,000 by 1500. Between 1528 and 1590 the population went from 70,000 to 120,000. The population was about 150,000 in 1600, and almost 200,000 in 1700.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Lisbon has 567,131 inhabitants within the administrative center on the area of only 100.05 km2<a href="#cite_note-dgt-3">[3]</a> The population density of the city itself is 5,668.5/km2 (14,681/sq mi). The Lisbon metropolitan area incorporates two <a href="/wiki/NUTS_III" class="mw-redirect" title="NUTS III">NUTS III</a> (European statistical subdivisions): <a href="/wiki/Grande_Lisboa" title="Grande Lisboa">Grande Lisboa</a> (Greater Lisbon), along the northern bank of the <a href="/wiki/Tagus_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagus River">Tagus River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Set%C3%BAbal" title="Península de Setúbal">Península de Setúbal</a> (Setúbal Peninsula), along the southern bank. These two subdivisions make for the <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Região de Lisboa">Região de Lisboa</a> (Lisbon Region). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Lisbon_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Lisbon_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Lisbon_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Lisbon_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Lisbon_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Lisbon_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2692" data-file-height="2057" /></a><figcaption>Lisbon population pyramid in 2021</figcaption></figure> Administratively defined cities that exist in the vicinity of the capital are in fact part of the metropolitan perimeter of Lisbon. The urban area has, according to Government data, a population of approximately 2.96 million inhabitants and is the eleventh largest urban area in the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-World_Urban_Areas-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Statistics_Portugal_-_Web_Portal-10">[10]</a> Other sources also show similar figures: according to the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> the area had 2,797,612 inhabitants;<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> according to the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> 2,890,000;<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> according to the European Statistical Office <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> 2,839,908<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> and according to the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> 2,968,600.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Lisbon's population has steadily dropped over the years due to people searching better accommodations for lower prices elsewhere in Greater Lisbon. A reverse trend has been observed in recent years, with the population increasing to 567,131 people in 2023, an all-time high since 2001 census and a 4.52% increase since the 2011 census.<a href="#cite_note-:3-122">[122]</a> In addition, a plurality of the houses in the city centre have become tourist facilities, exacerbating the lack of offer in Lisbon's housing market.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.940294835497px 3.4550641374472px 0 0; border-top-color:#D67653"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#D67653"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.782454145744px 6.5925597951378px 0 0; border-top-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:98.585597922332px 16.759471420552px 0 0; border-top-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:98.456433452921px 17.502305897528px 0 0; border-top-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:97.058216153873px 24.077015534075px 0 0; border-top-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:96.185598094164px 27.355634141212px 0 0; border-top-color:LightGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:LightGreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:93.698964158026px 34.935714043267px 0 0; border-top-color:LightBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:LightBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:92.291482729338px 38.500418382407px 0 0; border-top-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:85.329608202465px 52.142669321907px 0 0; border-top-color:DarkBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:83.024583999664px 55.739738532602px 0 0; border-top-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religion in the municipality of Lisbon (Census 2021)<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> (65.59%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a> (0.68%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (2.44%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> (0.61%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a> (1.27%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (0.54%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (1.07%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (0.12%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (1.63%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other Religion (0.50%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  No Religion (25.55%)</div> </div> </div></div> The largest religion is, according to 2021 Portuguese Census, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a>. The proportion of Catholics in Lisbon city proper (around 66%) is significantly higher than in the city's metropolitan area (55%).<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> This may due to the fact that Lisbon city's age structure is older than the one found in the surrounding areas and, in general, younger generations tend to be less religious.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Immigration">edit</a>]</div> In 2019 around 17.48% of the population residing within the city's boundaries held a foreign nationality, a share that stood at 8.87% in 2014. In general, the increase in Lisbon's population is essentially attributable to the influx of people coming from abroad, who have more than tripled since 2017. Around 5.89% of Lisbon's population was constituted by Brazilians as of 2023, not including those also holding Portuguese nationality.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-122">[122]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3">Largest groups of foreign residents in 2023<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nationality </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>33,407 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>9,905 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>9,391 </td> <td>2022 data </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>9,033 </td> <td>2022 data </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td>8,875 </td> <td>2022 data </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </td> <td>8,486 </td> <td>2022 data </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> </td> <td>7,594 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avenida_da_Liberdade_(22344060581)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Avenida_da_Liberdade_%2822344060581%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Avenida_da_Liberdade_%2822344060581%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Avenida_da_Liberdade_%2822344060581%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Avenida_da_Liberdade_%2822344060581%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Avenida_da_Liberdade_%2822344060581%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Avenida_da_Liberdade_%2822344060581%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2612" data-file-height="3133" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Avenida_da_Liberdade" title="Avenida da Liberdade">Avenida da Liberdade</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_streets_by_city" title="List of most expensive streets by city">most expensive shopping streets in Europe</a> and famous as a popular destination for <a href="/wiki/Luxury_goods" title="Luxury goods">luxury goods</a> shopping.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Grande_Lisboa" title="Grande Lisboa">Lisbon region</a> is the wealthiest region in Portugal, with a GDP per capita of nearly €40,000, and it is well above the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s <a href="/wiki/GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a> average – it produces more than 31% of Portuguese GDP by 2023.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The Lisbon region is rapidly growing, with GDP (PPP) per capita calculated for each year as follows: €22,745 (2004)<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> – €23,816 (2005)<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> – €25,200 (2006)<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> – €26,100 (2007).<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The Lisbon metropolitan area had a <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">GDP amounting to $110.4 billion</a>, and $32,434 per capita.<a href="#cite_note-Brookings-139">[139]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Arauca_at_the_oil_terminal_in_Lisboa_(2017).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rio_Arauca_at_the_oil_terminal_in_Lisboa_%282017%29.jpg/220px-Rio_Arauca_at_the_oil_terminal_in_Lisboa_%282017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rio_Arauca_at_the_oil_terminal_in_Lisboa_%282017%29.jpg/330px-Rio_Arauca_at_the_oil_terminal_in_Lisboa_%282017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rio_Arauca_at_the_oil_terminal_in_Lisboa_%282017%29.jpg/440px-Rio_Arauca_at_the_oil_terminal_in_Lisboa_%282017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>The oil tanker Rio Arauca at the oil terminal in Lisboa to unload crude oil</figcaption></figure> Lisbon's economy is based primarily on the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector">tertiary sector</a>. Most of the headquarters of multinationals operating in Portugal are concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Grande_Lisboa_Subregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Lisboa Subregion">Grande Lisboa Subregion</a>, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Oeiras_Municipality,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Oeiras Municipality, Portugal">Oeiras</a> municipality. The <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon metropolitan area</a> is heavily industrialized, especially the south bank of the <a href="/wiki/Tagus" title="Tagus">Tagus</a> river (Rio Tejo). The lisbonite industry has very large sectors in oil, as refineries are found just across the Tagus, textile mills, shipyards and fishing. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:By_the_river_(34263121734).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/By_the_river_%2834263121734%29.jpg/220px-By_the_river_%2834263121734%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/By_the_river_%2834263121734%29.jpg/330px-By_the_river_%2834263121734%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/By_the_river_%2834263121734%29.jpg/440px-By_the_river_%2834263121734%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5271" data-file-height="3514" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Lisbon" title="Port of Lisbon">Port of Lisbon</a> is one of the busiest ports in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></figcaption></figure> The country's chief <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Lisbon" title="Port of Lisbon">seaport</a>, featuring one of the largest and most sophisticated regional markets on the Iberian Peninsula, Lisbon and its heavily populated surroundings are also developing as an important financial centre and a dynamic technological hub. Automobile manufacturers have erected factories in the suburbs, for example, <a href="/wiki/AutoEuropa" class="mw-redirect" title="AutoEuropa">AutoEuropa</a>. Lisbon has the largest and most developed mass media sector of Portugal and is home to several related companies ranging from leading television networks and radio stations to <a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">major newspapers</a>. Based in Lisbon, <a href="/wiki/Euronext_Lisbon" title="Euronext Lisbon">Euronext Lisbon</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a> which is part of the pan-European <a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a> system of stock exchanges and market infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Before Portugal's sovereign debt crisis and an <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_economic_crisis_of_the_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese economic crisis of the 2010s">EU-IMF rescue plan</a>, for the decade of 2010 Lisbon was expecting to receive many state-funded investments, including building a new airport, a new bridge, an expansion of the Lisbon Metro 30 km (18.64 mi) underground, the construction of a mega-hospital (or central hospital), the creation of two lines of a <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> to join <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a> and the rest of Europe, the restoration of the main part of the town (between the Marquês de Pombal roundabout and Terreiro do Paço), the creation of a large number of bike lanes, as well as modernization and renovation of various facilities.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The sovereign debt crisis exacerbated poor labor conditions and low purchasing power. Although the city modernized its infrastructure and experienced significant tourism growth and income, this reality was not proportionally reflected in the average living conditions. Prices generally increased, but wages did not follow this trend. Labor conditions remain far below the standards of the rest of the European Union (EU).<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Therefore, Lisbon is still the European capital with some of the lowest wages and purchasing power within the EU. Energy, electricity, gas, and fuel, as well as supermarkets and housing, are among the most expensive, even compared to the richest countries in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The gap between the highest and lowest wages is the largest within the eurozone. The minimum wage can be as low as 6-7 euros per hour.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Due to these reasons, Lisbon has a high level of youth emigration, mostly to other European countries such as France, the UK, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and Belgium.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Lisbon was the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_most_livable_cities#Most_Liveable_Cities_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="World's most livable cities">7th most "livable city" in the world</a> in 2021 according to lifestyle magazine <a href="/wiki/Monocle_(2007_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocle (2007 magazine)">Monocle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Tourism is also a significant industry. The city is the ninth-most-visited city in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> with 3,639,900 tourists in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> In 2022 there were around 6 tourists for every resident.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> The city is popular for both leisure and business tourism.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Around 7.7 million tourists visited Lisbon region in 2022 alone, with 71.1% of them being international tourists.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> It is estimated that tourist receipts will stand at 17.4 billion euros (<a href="/wiki/%E2%82%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="€">€</a>) in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Metro">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HPIM0530_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/HPIM0530_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-HPIM0530_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/HPIM0530_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-HPIM0530_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/HPIM0530_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-HPIM0530_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metro" title="Lisbon Metro">Lisbon Metro</a> is Portugal's oldest and largest subway system.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metro" title="Lisbon Metro">Lisbon Metro</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metro" title="Lisbon Metro">Lisbon Metro</a> connects the city centre with the upper and eastern districts, and also reaches some suburbs that are part of the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon metropolitan area</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Amadora" title="Amadora">Amadora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loures" title="Loures">Loures</a>. It is the fastest way to get around the city and it provides a good number of interchanging stations with other types of transportation. From the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Airport" title="Lisbon Airport">Lisbon Airport</a> station to the city centre it may take roughly 25 mins. In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metro" title="Lisbon Metro">Lisbon Metro</a> served around 173 million passengers (and 475.000 daily). As of 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metro" title="Lisbon Metro">Lisbon Metro</a> comprises four lines, identified by individual colours (blue, yellow, green and red) and 56 stations, with a total length of 44.2 km. Several expansion projects have been proposed, the most recent being the transformation of the Green Line into a circular line and the creation of two more stations (Santos and <a href="/wiki/Estrela_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrela (Lisbon)">Estrela</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trams">Trams</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Trams">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon_tram_next_to_Lisbon_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lisbon_tram_next_to_Lisbon_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Lisbon_tram_next_to_Lisbon_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lisbon_tram_next_to_Lisbon_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Lisbon_tram_next_to_Lisbon_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lisbon_tram_next_to_Lisbon_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Lisbon_tram_next_to_Lisbon_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3611" data-file-height="2407" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Lisbon" title="Trams in Lisbon">Lisbon tram</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Cathedral" title="Lisbon Cathedral">Lisbon Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo António Church">Santo António Church</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Lisbon" title="Trams in Lisbon">Trams in Lisbon</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> is a traditional form of public transport in Lisbon. Introduced in 1901, electric trams were originally imported from the US,<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> and thus called the americanos (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> for "American"). Today these trams are called elétricos (literally meaning electric ones). Other than on the modern Line 15, the <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Lisbon" title="Trams in Lisbon">Lisbon tramway system</a> still employs small (four-wheel) vehicles of a design dating from the early twentieth century. These distinctive yellow trams are one of the tourist icons of modern Lisbon, and their size is well suited to the steep hills and narrow streets of the central city.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> The earliest trams can still be seen in the <a href="/wiki/Carris_Museum" title="Carris Museum">Museu da Carris</a> (the Lisbon Public Transport Museum). The line has now a total length of 31 kilometers operating on 6 lines, down from a maximum of 76 kilometers for 27 lines. The slow decline of the network began with the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metro" title="Lisbon Metro">Lisbon Metro</a> and the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Carris" title="Carris">bus system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Starting in 2017 the system has been expanded and new vehicles are being progressively added, aiming at expanding significantly the current tramway system.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> There are currently 64 trams in operation in Lisbon and, during 2023-2026, 35 more will be added (Of which 10 will be "Historical models").<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-174">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trains">Trains</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Trains">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Oriente,_Lisboa,_Portugal_(19198862262).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Oriente%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal_%2819198862262%29.jpg/220px-Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Oriente%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal_%2819198862262%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Oriente%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal_%2819198862262%29.jpg/330px-Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Oriente%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal_%2819198862262%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Oriente%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal_%2819198862262%29.jpg/440px-Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Oriente%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal_%2819198862262%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5399" data-file-height="2571" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gare_do_Oriente" title="Gare do Oriente">Gare do Oriente</a> train station, designed by <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Calatrava" title="Santiago Calatrava">Santiago Calatrava</a></figcaption></figure> There are four <a href="/wiki/CP_Urban_Services" title="CP Urban Services">commuter train</a> lines departing from Lisbon: the Sintra, Azambuja, Cascais and Sado lines (operated by CP – <a href="/wiki/Comboios_de_Portugal" title="Comboios de Portugal">Comboios de Portugal</a>), as well as a fifth line to <a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal" title="Setúbal">Setúbal</a> (operated by <a href="/wiki/Fertagus" title="Fertagus">Fertagus</a>), which crosses the <a href="/wiki/Tagus" title="Tagus">Tagus</a> river via the <a href="/wiki/25_de_Abril_Bridge" title="25 de Abril Bridge">25 de Abril Bridge</a>. The major railway stations are <a href="/wiki/Santa_Apol%C3%B3nia_railway_station" title="Santa Apolónia railway station">Santa Apolónia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rossio_railway_station" title="Rossio railway station">Rossio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_do_Oriente" title="Gare do Oriente">Gare do Oriente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Entrecampos_railway_station" title="Entrecampos railway station">Entrecampos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cais_do_Sodr%C3%A9_railway_station" title="Cais do Sodré railway station">Cais do Sodré</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Buses">edit</a>]</div> The local bus service within Lisbon is operated by <a href="/wiki/Carris" title="Carris">Carris</a>. Carris' fleet includes 741 buses and, in the period 2023-2026, other 342 buses will be added so as to increase the public transportation system reach.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-174">[174]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus network</a> has a length of 748 km comprising 99 bus routes.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Major investments have been made in recent years: for instance, in 2017 there were 600 buses operating on 674 km and 75 routes: 141 buses, 74 kilometers and 24 bus routes were added in 2018-2022.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Outside Lisbon, there are two main commuter bus services connecting the cities outside Lisbon amongst them and to Lisbon: Carris Metropolitana,<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> a brand operated by 4 companies, all operating inside the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, and Barraqueiro Transportes<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> (with 4 brands operating outside the Metropolitan Area with services to Lisbon), which operate from different terminals in the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bridges">Bridges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Bridges">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:25_de_Abril_Bridge_(36831608556).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/25_de_Abril_Bridge_%2836831608556%29.jpg/220px-25_de_Abril_Bridge_%2836831608556%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/25_de_Abril_Bridge_%2836831608556%29.jpg/330px-25_de_Abril_Bridge_%2836831608556%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/25_de_Abril_Bridge_%2836831608556%29.jpg/440px-25_de_Abril_Bridge_%2836831608556%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3771" data-file-height="2909" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/25_de_Abril_Bridge" title="25 de Abril Bridge">25 de Abril Bridge</a> crosses the <a href="/wiki/Tagus_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagus River">Tagus River</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A2ntara_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcântara (Lisbon)">Alcântara</a> to <a href="/wiki/Almada" title="Almada">Almada</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge.jpg/220px-Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge.jpg/330px-Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge.jpg/440px-Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Vasco da Gama bridge crosses the Tagus from <a href="/wiki/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Parque das Nações">Parque das Nações</a> to <a href="/wiki/Montijo,_Portugal" title="Montijo, Portugal">Montijo</a></figcaption></figure> The city is connected to the far side of the Tagus by two important bridges: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/25_de_Abril_Bridge" title="25 de Abril Bridge">25 de Abril Bridge</a>, inaugurated (as Ponte <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">Salazar</a>) on 6 August 1966, and later renamed after the date of the <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a>, was the longest <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a> in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge" title="Vasco da Gama Bridge">Vasco da Gama Bridge</a>, opened on 29 March 1998 is, at 17.2 km (10.7 mi), the longest bridge in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a></li></ul> The foundations for a <a href="/wiki/Third_Tagus_Crossing" title="Third Tagus Crossing">third bridge across the Tagus</a> have already been laid, but the overall project has been postponed due to economic crisis that affected Portugal, and other bureaucratic and political reasons.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferries">Ferries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Ferries">edit</a>]</div> Another way of crossing the river is by taking the ferry.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> The operator <a href="/wiki/Transtejo_%26_Soflusa" title="Transtejo & Soflusa">Transtejo & Soflusa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> runs to different locations from within the city: <a href="/wiki/Cacilhas" title="Cacilhas">Cacilhas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seixal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Seixal Municipality">Seixal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montijo,_Portugal" title="Montijo, Portugal">Montijo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto_Brand%C3%A3o" title="Porto Brandão">Porto Brandão</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trafaria" title="Trafaria">Trafaria</a> under the brand Transtejo and to <a href="/wiki/Barreiro_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barreiro (city)">Barreiro</a> under the brand Soflusa. Ferry stations in Lisbon include <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Fluvial_de_Bel%C3%A9m" class="extiw" title="pt:Estação Fluvial de Belém">Belém Station</a>, <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_Fluvial_do_Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o" class="extiw" title="pt:Terminal Fluvial do Terreiro do Paço">Terreiro do Paço River Station</a> and <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_Fluvial_do_Cais_do_Sodr%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="pt:Terminal Fluvial do Cais do Sodré">Cais do Sodré River Station</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_travel">Air travel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Air travel">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lissabon_Airport.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lissabon_Airport.jpeg/220px-Lissabon_Airport.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lissabon_Airport.jpeg/330px-Lissabon_Airport.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lissabon_Airport.jpeg/440px-Lissabon_Airport.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3234" data-file-height="2839" /></a><figcaption>Lisbon airport</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Airport" title="Lisbon Airport">Humberto Delgado Airport</a> is located within the city limits. It is the headquarters and hub for <a href="/wiki/TAP_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="TAP Portugal">TAP Portugal</a> as well as a hub for <a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azores_Airlines" title="Azores Airlines">Azores Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a>, <a href="/wiki/EuroAtlantic_Airways" title="EuroAtlantic Airways">EuroAtlantic Airways</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_Airways" title="White Airways">White Airways</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hi_Fly_(airline)" title="Hi Fly (airline)">Hi Fly</a>. Having served 35.1 million passengers in 2024, it is by far the busiest airport in Portugal, the third busiest in the Iberian Peninsula and the 12th <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Europe" title="List of the busiest airports in Europe">busiest in Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vinci1-186">[186]</a> A second airport has been proposed and the project was initially put on hold because of the Portuguese and European economic crisis, and also because of the long discussion on whether a new airport is needed. In 2023 there were still 9 possible sites who are thought to be able to host the future New Lisbon airport.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Finally, in 2024, the new government announced that the new international airport would be located in Alcochete, just across the Tagus from Lisbon.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cascais_Municipal_Aerodrome" title="Cascais Municipal Aerodrome">Cascais Municipal Aerodrome</a>, 20 km West of the city centre and hub for <a href="/wiki/Sevenair_Air_Services" title="Sevenair Air Services">Sevenair</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Cascais" title="Cascais">Cascais</a>, offers commercial domestic flights to <a href="/wiki/Bragan%C3%A7a_Airport" title="Bragança Airport">Bragança</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portim%C3%A3o_Airport" title="Portimão Airport">Portimão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viseu_Airport" title="Viseu Airport">Viseu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vila_Real_Airport" title="Vila Real Airport">Vila Real</a>. This location is where many of the country's aviation schools are concentrated. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Cycling">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gira_(bicycle_rental)" title="Gira (bicycle rental)">Gira (bicycle rental)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon_(45923876392).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lisbon_%2845923876392%29.jpg/220px-Lisbon_%2845923876392%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lisbon_%2845923876392%29.jpg/330px-Lisbon_%2845923876392%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lisbon_%2845923876392%29.jpg/440px-Lisbon_%2845923876392%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4803" data-file-height="3171" /></a><figcaption>Gira recharging station</figcaption></figure> Following the Covid-19 pandemic, Lisbon has seen a significant increase in cycling and plans to expand the current Gira <a href="/wiki/Bike_rental" title="Bike rental">bike hire system</a> from 1,600 bikes to 2,600 by the end of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> Many of these bicycles are <a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">electric</a> to deal with Lisbon's hills.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> The city also plans to expand the number of bike recharging stations, now standing at 146. Gira service is integrated in the public transportation system, as youth up to 23 years old and seniors over 65 years old can use the service for free, while for other residents bikes are included in the Navegante card.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> In 2023 there were over 200 kilometers of bike lanes within the city's administrative area and the city plans to expand its network of cycle paths in the next years.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transportation_statistics">Public transportation statistics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Public transportation statistics">edit</a>]</div> The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Lisbon, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 59 min. 11.5% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 14 min, while 23.1% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 6 km, while 10% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Car">Car</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Car">edit</a>]</div> Lisbon is connected to its suburbs and throughout Portugal by an extensive motorway network. There are three circular motorways around the city; the 2ª Circular, the IC17 (CRIL), and the A9 (CREL). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Univ_Nova_Lisboa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Univ_Nova_Lisboa.jpg/220px-Univ_Nova_Lisboa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Univ_Nova_Lisboa.jpg/330px-Univ_Nova_Lisboa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Univ_Nova_Lisboa.jpg/440px-Univ_Nova_Lisboa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1045" data-file-height="827" /></a><figcaption>The rectory and main campus of the <a href="/wiki/New_University_of_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="New University of Lisbon">New University of Lisbon</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_schools">International schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: International schools">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Greater_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Lisbon">Greater Lisbon</a> area, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Riviera" title="Portuguese Riviera">Portuguese Riviera</a>, an area popular with <a href="/wiki/Expats" class="mw-redirect" title="Expats">expats</a> and foreign nationals, there are numerous <a href="/wiki/International_school" title="International school">international schools</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Carlucci_American_International_School_of_Lisbon" title="Carlucci American International School of Lisbon">Carlucci American International School of Lisbon</a> (only American school in Portugal), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Julian%27s_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Julian's School">Saint Julian's School</a> (British), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic%27s_International_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Dominic's International School">Saint Dominic's International School</a> (British), <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Schule_Lissabon" title="Deutsche Schule Lissabon">Deutsche Schule Lissabon</a> (German), <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Espa%C3%B1ol_Giner_de_los_R%C3%ADos" title="Instituto Español Giner de los Ríos">Instituto Español Giner de los Ríos</a> (Spanish), <a href="/wiki/Oeiras_International_School" title="Oeiras International School">Oerias Internacional Schoo</a>l (IB), and <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Fran%C3%A7ais_Charles_Lepierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycée Français Charles Lepierre">Lycée Français Charles Lepierre</a> (French). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Higher education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontana_Liminosa_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fontana_Liminosa_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-Fontana_Liminosa_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fontana_Liminosa_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-Fontana_Liminosa_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fontana_Liminosa_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/440px-Fontana_Liminosa_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Superior_T%C3%A9cnico" title="Instituto Superior Técnico">Instituto Superior Técnico</a>, which belongs to the University of Lisbon is based on the Alameda D. Afonso Henriques.</figcaption></figure> In the city, there are three <a href="/wiki/Public_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Public universities">public universities</a> and a <a href="/wiki/University_institute" class="mw-redirect" title="University institute">university institute</a>. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lisbon" title="University of Lisbon">University of Lisbon</a>, which is the largest university in Portugal, was created in 2013 with the union of the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Lisbon" title="Technical University of Lisbon">Technical University of Lisbon</a> and the Classical University of Lisbon (which was known as the University of Lisbon). The <a href="/wiki/New_University_of_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="New University of Lisbon">New University of Lisbon</a>, founded in 1973, is another public university in Lisbon and is known internationally by its <a href="/wiki/Nova_School_of_Business_and_Economics" title="Nova School of Business and Economics">Nova School of Business and Economics</a> (Nova SBE), its economics and management faculty. The third public university is <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Aberta" title="Universidade Aberta">Universidade Aberta</a>. Additionally, there's <a href="/wiki/ISCTE_-_Lisbon_University_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="ISCTE - Lisbon University Institute">ISCTE - Lisbon University Institute</a> (founded in 1972), a university institute that provides degrees in all academic disciplines. Major private institutions of higher education include the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Catholic_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Catholic University">Portuguese Catholic University</a>, focused on law and management, as well as the Lusíada University, the <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Lus%C3%B3fona" title="Universidade Lusófona">Universidade Lusófona</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Aut%C3%B3noma_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa">Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa</a>, among others. The total number of enrolled students in higher education in Lisbon was, for the 2007–2008 school year, of 125,867 students, of whom 81,507 in the Lisbon's public institutions.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Libraries">edit</a>]</div> Lisbon is home to <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Portugal" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal">Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal</a>, the Portuguese national library, which has over 3 million books and manuscripts. The library has some rare books and manuscripts, such as an original Gutenberg Bible and original books by <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christophe_Platin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christophe Platin (page does not exist)">Christophe Platin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aldus_Manutius" title="Aldus Manutius">Aldus Manutius</a>. <a href="/wiki/Torre_do_Tombo_National_Archive" title="Torre do Tombo National Archive">Torre do Tombo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_archive" class="mw-redirect" title="National archive">national archive</a>, is one of the most important archives in the world, with over 600 years and one of the oldest active Portuguese institutions. There are, among several others, the <a href="/wiki/Arquivo_Hist%C3%B3rico_Ultramarino" title="Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino">Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino</a> and the Arquivo Histórico Militar. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Estadio_da_Luz_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Estadio_da_Luz_2012.jpg/200px-Estadio_da_Luz_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Estadio_da_Luz_2012.jpg/300px-Estadio_da_Luz_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Estadio_da_Luz_2012.jpg/400px-Estadio_da_Luz_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4550" data-file-height="3042" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:AlvaladeXXI4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AlvaladeXXI4.jpg/200px-AlvaladeXXI4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AlvaladeXXI4.jpg/300px-AlvaladeXXI4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AlvaladeXXI4.jpg/400px-AlvaladeXXI4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_da_Luz" title="Estádio da Luz">Estádio da Luz</a> (top), home to <a href="/wiki/S.L._Benfica" title="S.L. Benfica">S.L. Benfica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Jos%C3%A9_Alvalade" title="Estádio José Alvalade">Estádio José Alvalade</a> (bottom), home to <a href="/wiki/Sporting_CP" title="Sporting CP">Sporting CP</a>.</div></div></div></div> Lisbon has a long tradition in sports. It hosted several matches, including the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2004" title="UEFA Euro 2004">final</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2004" title="UEFA Euro 2004">UEFA Euro 2004</a> championship. The city also played host to the final of the <a href="/wiki/2001_IAAF_World_Indoor_Championships" title="2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships">2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Fencing_Championships" title="European Fencing Championships">European Fencing Championships</a> in 1983 and 1992, as well as the <a href="/wiki/2003_World_Men%27s_Handball_Championship" title="2003 World Men's Handball Championship">2003 World Men's Handball Championship</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2008_European_Judo_Championships" title="2008 European Judo Championships">2008 European Judo Championships</a>. From 2006 to 2008, Lisbon was the starting point for the <a href="/wiki/Dakar_Rally" title="Dakar Rally">Dakar Rally</a>. The city hosted the <a href="/wiki/2014_UEFA_Champions_League_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 UEFA Champions League Final">2014</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_UEFA_Champions_League_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 UEFA Champions League Final">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">UEFA Champions League</a> finals. In 2008 and 2016, the city hosted the <a href="/wiki/European_Triathlon_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="European Triathlon Championships">European Triathlon Championships</a>. Lisbon has a leg at the <a href="/wiki/Volvo_Ocean_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Volvo Ocean Race">Volvo Ocean Race</a>. It is one of the potential host cities for the <a href="/wiki/2030_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2030 FIFA World Cup">2030 FIFA World Cup</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Football">edit</a>]</div> The city hosts three <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> clubs in Portugal's highest league, the <a href="/wiki/Primeira_Liga" title="Primeira Liga">Primeira Liga</a>. <a href="/wiki/S.L._Benfica" title="S.L. Benfica">Sport Lisboa e Benfica</a>, commonly known as simply Benfica, has won 38 league titles in addition to two <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">European Cups</a>. Lisbon's second-most successful club is <a href="/wiki/Sporting_CP" title="Sporting CP">Sporting Clube de Portugal</a> (commonly known as Sporting and often referred to as Sporting Lisbon abroad to prevent confusion with other teams with the same name), winner of 20 league titles and the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Cup_Winners%27_Cup" title="UEFA Cup Winners' Cup">UEFA Cup Winners' Cup</a>. A third club, <a href="/wiki/C.F._Os_Belenenses" title="C.F. Os Belenenses">C.F. Os Belenenses</a> (commonly Belenenses or Belenenses Lisbon), based in the <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m,_Lisbon" title="Belém, Lisbon">Belém</a> quarter, has solely won one league title. Other major clubs in Lisbon include <a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A9tico_Clube_de_Portugal" title="Atlético Clube de Portugal">Atlético</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casa_Pia_A.C." title="Casa Pia A.C.">Casa Pia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clube_Oriental_de_Lisboa" title="Clube Oriental de Lisboa">Oriental</a>. Lisbon has two <a href="/wiki/UEFA_elite_stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="UEFA elite stadium">UEFA category four stadiums</a>; Benfica's <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_da_Luz" title="Estádio da Luz">Estádio da Luz</a> (Stadium of Light), with a capacity of over 65,000 and Sporting's <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Jos%C3%A9_Alvalade" title="Estádio José Alvalade">Estádio José Alvalade</a>, with a capacity of over 50,000. The Estádio da Luz held both the <a href="/wiki/2014_UEFA_Champions_League_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 UEFA Champions League Final">2014</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_UEFA_Champions_League_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 UEFA Champions League Final">2020 UEFA Champions League Final</a>. There is also Belenenses' <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Restelo" title="Estádio do Restelo">Estádio do Restelo</a>, with a capacity of over 19,000. The <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Nacional" title="Estádio Nacional">Estádio Nacional</a>, in nearby <a href="/wiki/Oeiras_Municipality,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Oeiras Municipality, Portugal">Oeiras</a>, has a capacity of 37,000 and was used exclusively for <a href="/wiki/Portugal_national_football_team" title="Portugal national football team">Portuguese</a> international football matches and cup finals until the construction of larger stadia in the city. It held the <a href="/wiki/1967_European_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1967 European Cup Final">1967 European Cup Final</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sports">Other sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Other sports">edit</a>]</div> Other sports, such as <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Team_handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team handball">handball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">roller hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> are also popular; the latter's national stadium is in Lisbon. There are many other sports facilities in Lisbon, ranging from athletics, sailing, golfing to <a href="/wiki/Mountain-biking" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain-biking">mountain-biking</a>. Lisboa and Troia golf course are two of many stunning <a href="/wiki/Golf_course" title="Golf course">golf courses</a> located in Lisbon. Every March the city hosts the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Half_Marathon" title="Lisbon Half Marathon">Lisbon Half Marathon</a>, while in September the <a href="/wiki/Portugal_Half_Marathon" title="Portugal Half Marathon">Portugal Half Marathon</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities">Twin towns – sister cities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Portugal" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Portugal">List of twin towns and sister cities in Portugal</a></div> Lisbon is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-TwinsAndCoop-200">[200]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a>, Guinea-Bissau (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a>, Guinea-Bissau (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a>, Brazil (2016)<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a>, Portugal (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola"><img alt="Angola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a>, Angola (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau"><img alt="Macau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, China (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a>, Malaysia (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>, Mozambique (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde"><img alt="Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Praia,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="Praia, Cape Verde (municipality)">Praia</a>, Cape Verde (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, Morocco (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a>, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a>, Brazil (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe"><img alt="São Tomé and Príncipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a>, São Tomé and Príncipe (1985)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooperation_agreements">Cooperation agreements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Cooperation agreements">edit</a>]</div> Lisbon has additional cooperation agreements with:<a href="#cite_note-TwinsAndCoop-200">[200]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>, Algeria (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a>, Paraguay (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, Thailand (2016)<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine"><img alt="Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, Palestine (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba</a>, Brazil (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a>, China (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, Ukraine (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, United States (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, Uruguay (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a>, India (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>, China (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde"><img alt="Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina,_Cape_Verde" title="Santa Catarina, Cape Verde">Santa Catarina</a>, Cape Verde (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Canada (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, Tunisia (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia (1977)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membership_in_organizations">Membership in organizations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Membership in organizations">edit</a>]</div> From 12 October 1982, Lisbon is part of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Ibero-American_Capital_Cities" title="Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities">Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TwinsAndCoop-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> From 28 June 1985, Lisbon is part of the Union of Capital Cities of Portuguese Language, along with 22 other cities from Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, China, East Timor, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal, and São Tomé and Príncipe.<a href="#cite_note-TwinsAndCoop-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/32px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/48px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/64px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portugal" title="Portal:Portugal">Portugal portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Lisbon" title="List of people from Lisbon">List of people from Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Lisbon" title="List of tallest buildings in Lisbon">List of tallest buildings in Lisbon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-INEpt-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INEpt_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-INEpt_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0008272&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2">"Statistics Portugal - Web Portal"</a>. www.ine.pt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ine.pt&rft.atitle=Statistics+Portugal+-+Web+Portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.pt%2Fxportal%2Fxmain%3Fxpid%3DINE%26xpgid%3Dine_indicadores%26indOcorrCod%3D0008272%26contexto%3Dbd%26selTab%3Dtab2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2010" class="citation web cs1">Wells, John C. (21 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/2010/07/portuguese.html">"Portuguese"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120408214322/http://www.phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/2010/07/portuguese.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portuguese&rft.date=2010-07-21&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphonetic-blog.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F07%2Fportuguese.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dgt-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dgt_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dgt_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105172426/http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_/caop__download_/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_/">"Áreas das freguesias, concelhos, distritos e país"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_/caop__download_/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_/">the original</a> on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%81reas+das+freguesias%2C+concelhos%2C+distritos+e+pa%C3%ADs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgterritorio.pt%2Fcartografia_e_geodesia%2Fcartografia%2Fcarta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_%2Fcaop__download_%2Fcarta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0008272&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2">"INE.pt"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INE.pt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.pt%2Fxportal%2Fxmain%3Fxpid%3DINE%26xpgid%3Dine_indicadores%26indOcorrCod%3D0008272%26contexto%3Dbd%26selTab%3Dtab2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RudlinThompsonJarvis2016-5"><a href="#cite_ref-RudlinThompsonJarvis2016_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudlinThompsonJarvis2016" class="citation book cs1">Rudlin, David; Thompson, Rob; Jarvis, Sarah (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rislDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">Urbanism</a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-21390-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-21390-1"><bdi>978-1-317-21390-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114173934/https://books.google.com/books?id=rislDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urbanism&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-21390-1&rft.aulast=Rudlin&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Rob&rft.au=Jarvis%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrislDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAFactbook2021-6"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAFactbook2021_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency2021" class="citation book cs1">Central Intelligence Agency (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NyUFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT3319">The CIA World Factbook 2021-2022</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 3319. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5107-6382-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5107-6382-1"><bdi>978-1-5107-6382-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114173934/https://books.google.com/books?id=NyUFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT3319">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+CIA+World+Factbook+2021-2022&rft.pages=3319&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-5107-6382-1&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNyUFEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT3319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Livermore1973-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Livermore1973_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livermore1973_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._V._Livermore1973" class="citation book cs1">H. V. Livermore (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PF0fAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Felicitas%20Julia%22">Portugal: A Short History</a>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85224-207-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85224-207-0"><bdi>978-0-85224-207-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207052700/https://books.google.com/books?id=PF0fAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Felicitas%20Julia%22">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portugal%3A+A+Short+History&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-85224-207-0&rft.au=H.+V.+Livermore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPF0fAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Felicitas%2520Julia%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerreira" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ferreira, Marta Leite. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observador.pt/2016/10/06/lisboa-nao-e-a-capital-de-portugal-e-outros-9-factos-que-nao-aprendeu-nas-aulas-de-historia/">"Lisboa não é a capital de Portugal e outros 9 factos que não aprendeu nas aulas de História"</a>. Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Observador&rft.atitle=Lisboa+n%C3%A3o+%C3%A9+a+capital+de+Portugal+e+outros+9+factos+que+n%C3%A3o+aprendeu+nas+aulas+de+Hist%C3%B3ria&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=Marta+Leite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobservador.pt%2F2016%2F10%2F06%2Flisboa-nao-e-a-capital-de-portugal-e-outros-9-factos-que-nao-aprendeu-nas-aulas-de-historia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/politica-externa/protocolo-do-estado-e-corpo-diplomatico-acreditado-em-portugal">"Corpo Diplomático em Portugal"</a>. Portal Diplomático (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portal+Diplom%C3%A1tico&rft.atitle=Corpo+Diplom%C3%A1tico+em+Portugal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt%2Fpolitica-externa%2Fprotocolo-do-estado-e-corpo-diplomatico-acreditado-em-portugal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Statistics_Portugal_-_Web_Portal-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Statistics_Portugal_-_Web_Portal_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistics_Portugal_-_Web_Portal_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0008272&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2">"Statistics Portugal - Web Portal"</a>. www.ine.pt. Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ine.pt&rft.atitle=Statistics+Portugal+-+Web+Portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.pt%2Fxportal%2Fxmain%3Fxpid%3DINE%26xpgid%3Dine_indicadores%26indOcorrCod%3D0008272%26contexto%3Dbd%26selTab%3Dtab2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_Urban_Areas-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-World_Urban_Areas_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-World_Urban_Areas_11-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">Demographia: World Urban Areas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517065701/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">Archived</a> 17 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - demographia.com, 06.2021 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html">"The World According to GaWC 2010"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131010004859/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+According+to+GaWC+2010&rft.pub=Globalization+and+World+Cities+Research+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Fworld2010t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220612112616/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020t.html">"GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2020"</a>. www.lboro.ac.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020t.html">the original</a> on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lboro.ac.uk&rft.atitle=GaWC+-+The+World+According+to+GaWC+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fmicrosites%2Fgeography%2Fgawc%2Fworld2020t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GAWC-14"><a href="#cite_ref-GAWC_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html">"The World According to GaWC 2010"</a>. Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network, <a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131010004859/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+According+to+GaWC+2010&rft.pub=Globalization+and+World+Cities+Study+Group+and+Network%2C+Loughborough+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Fworld2010t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014191556/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html">"Inventory of World Cities"</a>. Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html">the original</a> on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inventory+of+World+Cities&rft.pub=Globalization+and+World+Cities+%28GaWC%29+Study+Group+and+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Fcitylist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTUCKER"" class="citation web cs1">TUCKER", "ANDREA MURPHY"," HANK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/">"The Global 2000 2023"</a>. Forbes. Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Global+2000+2023&rft.aulast=TUCKER%22&rft.aufirst=%22ANDREA+MURPHY%22%2C%22+HANK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Flists%2Fglobal2000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citymayors.com/economics/richest-cities-world.html">"Ranking: The richest cities in the world"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323155132/http://www.citymayors.com/economics/richest-cities-world.html">Archived</a> 23 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – City Mayors.com </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.henleyglobal.com/publications/wealthiest-cities">"Worlds Wealthiest Cities 2023"</a>. Henley & Partners. Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Henley+%26+Partners&rft.atitle=Worlds+Wealthiest+Cities+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.henleyglobal.com%2Fpublications%2Fwealthiest-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927045857/http://www.agencialusa.com.br/index.php?iden=7832">"Lisboa é 9ª cidade que mais recebe congressos internacionais"</a> – Agência LUSA </li> <li id="cite_note-BostockRiley2015-20"><a href="#cite_ref-BostockRiley2015_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPliny_the_Elder2015" class="citation book cs1">Pliny the Elder (21 May 2015). "35, note 22". In John Bostock; H.T. Riley (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D35">Pliny the Elder: The Natural History Book IV</a>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-2101-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-2101-9"><bdi>978-1-4725-2101-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170428213942/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D35">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <q>Now Lisbon. Both Strabo, Solinus, and Martianus Capella make mention of a story that Ulysses came to Spain and founded this city.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=35%2C+note+22&rft.btitle=Pliny+the+Elder%3A+The+Natural+History+Book+IV&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft.isbn=978-1-4725-2101-9&rft.au=Pliny+the+Elder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.02.0137%253Abook%253D4%253Achapter%253D35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StahlBurge1992-21"><a href="#cite_ref-StahlBurge1992_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Harris_StahlE._L._BurgeRichard_Johnson1992" class="citation book cs1">William Harris Stahl; E. L. Burge; Richard Johnson (June 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nZ-Z9eI6dXwC&pg=PA233">Martianus Capella and the Seven Liberal Arts: The Marriage of Philology and Mercury</a>. Vol. II. Columbia University Press. p. 233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-09636-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-09636-2"><bdi>978-0-231-09636-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207052743/https://books.google.com/books?id=nZ-Z9eI6dXwC&pg=PA233">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Martianus+Capella+and+the+Seven+Liberal+Arts%3A+The+Marriage+of+Philology+and+Mercury&rft.pages=233&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1992-06&rft.isbn=978-0-231-09636-2&rft.au=William+Harris+Stahl&rft.au=E.+L.+Burge&rft.au=Richard+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnZ-Z9eI6dXwC%26pg%3DPA233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DelmasPenn2012-22"><a href="#cite_ref-DelmasPenn2012_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrien_DelmasNigel_Penn2012" class="citation book cs1">Adrien Delmas; Nigel Penn (20 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bd0yAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA348">Written Culture in a Colonial Context: Africa and the Americas 1500–1900</a>. BRILL. p. 348. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22524-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22524-4"><bdi>978-90-04-22524-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505085623/https://books.google.com/books?id=bd0yAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA348">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Written+Culture+in+a+Colonial+Context%3A+Africa+and+the+Americas+1500%E2%80%931900&rft.pages=348&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2012-01-20&rft.isbn=978-90-04-22524-4&rft.au=Adrien+Delmas&rft.au=Nigel+Penn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbd0yAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barletta2010-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Barletta2010_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent_Barletta2010" class="citation book cs1">Vincent Barletta (15 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=49rmZ7_kessC&pg=PA39">Death in Babylon: Alexander the Great and Iberian Empire in the Muslim Orient</a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-03739-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-03739-4"><bdi>978-0-226-03739-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128231608/https://books.google.com/books?id=49rmZ7_kessC&pg=PA39">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+in+Babylon%3A+Alexander+the+Great+and+Iberian+Empire+in+the+Muslim+Orient&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2010-05-15&rft.isbn=978-0-226-03739-4&rft.au=Vincent+Barletta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D49rmZ7_kessC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Almeida1992-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Almeida1992_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJustino_Mendes_de_Almeida1992" class="citation book cs1">Justino Mendes de Almeida (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C5cvAQAAMAAJ&q=%22ipo%22">De Olisipo a Lisboa: estudos olisiponenses</a>. Edições Cosmos. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-972-9170-75-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-972-9170-75-1"><bdi>978-972-9170-75-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160610115553/https://books.google.com/books?id=C5cvAQAAMAAJ&q=%22ipo%22">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015. <q>...que o nome Lisboa derivaria de um acusativo grego da 3° declinação, Olisipona.", p. 19, (...the name Lisbon derives from the third declension of the Greek accusative singular, Olisipona.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Olisipo+a+Lisboa%3A+estudos+olisiponenses&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Edi%C3%A7%C3%B5es+Cosmos&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-972-9170-75-1&rft.au=Justino+Mendes+de+Almeida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC5cvAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522ipo%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1854" class="citation cs2">Smith, William (1854), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood, London, England: Walton and Maberly</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography%2C+illustrated+by+numerous+engravings+on+wood&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Walton+and+Maberly&rft.date=1854&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-History1780-26"><a href="#cite_ref-History1780_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarious,_compiled1780" class="citation book cs1">Various, compiled (1780). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QCwIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA345">An Universal History, From the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time</a>. p. 345. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128231659/https://books.google.com/books?id=QCwIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA345">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Universal+History%2C+From+the+Earliest+Accounts+to+the+Present+Time&rft.pages=345&rft.date=1780&rft.au=Various%2C+compiled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQCwIAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FerreiraCabello1998-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FerreiraCabello1998_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerreiraCabello1998" class="citation book cs1">Ferreira, Emília; Cabello, Jorge (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2rQH2oKbywUC&pg=PA3">Lisbon</a>. Casa Editrice Bonechi. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8029-394-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8029-394-1"><bdi>978-88-8029-394-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311132743/https://books.google.com/books?id=2rQH2oKbywUC&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lisbon&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Casa+Editrice+Bonechi&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-88-8029-394-1&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=Em%C3%ADlia&rft.au=Cabello%2C+Jorge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2rQH2oKbywUC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jack2019-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jack2019_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jack2019_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJack2019" class="citation book cs1">Jack, Malcolm (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=If2ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT138">Lisbon, City of the Sea: A History</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-83860-172-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-83860-172-0"><bdi>978-1-83860-172-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311132521/https://books.google.com/books?id=If2ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT138">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lisbon%2C+City+of+the+Sea%3A+A+History&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-83860-172-0&rft.aulast=Jack&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIf2ZDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitfield2005-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield2005_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield2005_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Whitfield2005" class="citation book cs1">Peter Whitfield (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WS4jgVqnck8C&pg=PA99">Cities of the World: A History in Maps</a>. University of California Press. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24725-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24725-3"><bdi>978-0-520-24725-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128210437/https://books.google.com/books?id=WS4jgVqnck8C&pg=PA99">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+World%3A+A+History+in+Maps&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-520-24725-3&rft.au=Peter+Whitfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWS4jgVqnck8C%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burstein2019-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Burstein2019_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurstein2019" class="citation journal cs1">Burstein, Eitan (Winter 2019). Elbl, Martin Malcolm (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/archive/CARQMD.pdf">"The Meaning of the Toponym 'Lisbon' Explained through Biblical Etymology"</a> (PDF). Portuguese Studies Review. 27 (2): 3. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1057-1515">1057-1515</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220403140247/https://philpapers.org/archive/CARQMD.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022. <q>We surmise that the Phoenician toponym, the origin of Olisipo, should be neither Alits Ub(b)o, a form proposed by some scholars (e.g. Samuel Bochart, 1599−1667) notwithstanding the fact that it is never attested in ancient classical literature, nor the commonly accepted Alis Ubbo (see for instance the title of a documentary film produced in 2018, in a cynical sense), but a different form altogether. We shall use Hebrew to substantiate our argument.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Portuguese+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=The+Meaning+of+the+Toponym+%27Lisbon%27+Explained+through+Biblical+Etymology&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2019&rft.issn=1057-1515&rft.aulast=Burstein&rft.aufirst=Eitan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Farchive%2FCARQMD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt/consultorio/perguntas/lx--lisboa/14867">"Lx., abreviatura de Lisboa - Ciberdúvidas da Língua Portuguesa"</a>. ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404130124/https://ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt/consultorio/perguntas/lx--lisboa/14867">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt&rft.atitle=Lx.%2C+abreviatura+de+Lisboa+-+Ciberd%C3%BAvidas+da+L%C3%ADngua+Portuguesa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt%2Fconsultorio%2Fperguntas%2Flx--lisboa%2F14867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodrigo_Banha_da_Silva2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rodrigo Banha da Silva (September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140621220603/http://www.cm-vfxira.pt/files/3/documentos/2013091715584601248.pdf">"A ocupação da idade do bronze final da Praça da Figueira (Lisboa): novos e velhos dados sobre os antecedentes da cidade de Lisboa"</a> (PDF). Cira Arqueologia. Cira Arqueologia II (in Portuguese) (2, Tejo, palco de interação entre Indígenas e Fenícios). Museu da Rede Portuguesa de Museus. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cm-vfxira.pt/files/3/documentos/2013091715584601248.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 June 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cira+Arqueologia&rft.atitle=A+ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+idade+do+bronze+final+da+Pra%C3%A7a+da+Figueira+%28Lisboa%29%3A+novos+e+velhos+dados+sobre+os+antecedentes+da+cidade+de+Lisboa&rft.issue=2%2C+Tejo%2C+palco+de+intera%C3%A7%C3%A3o+entre+Ind%C3%ADgenas+e+Fen%C3%ADcios&rft.date=2013-09&rft.au=Rodrigo+Banha+da+Silva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cm-vfxira.pt%2Ffiles%2F3%2Fdocumentos%2F2013091715584601248.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bellard2003-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Bellard2003_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlos_Gómez_Bellard2003" class="citation book cs1">Carlos Gómez Bellard (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ev-DW7WEaAC&pg=PA213">Ecohistoria del paisaje agrario: La agricultura fenicio-púnica en el Mediterráneo</a>. Universitat de València. p. 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-370-5508-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-370-5508-4"><bdi>978-84-370-5508-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128213419/https://books.google.com/books?id=7ev-DW7WEaAC&pg=PA213">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecohistoria+del+paisaje+agrario%3A+La+agricultura+fenicio-p%C3%BAnica+en+el+Mediterr%C3%A1neo&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=Universitat+de+Val%C3%A8ncia&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-84-370-5508-4&rft.au=Carlos+G%C3%B3mez+Bellard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ev-DW7WEaAC%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arruda2002-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Arruda2002_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAna_Margarida_Arruda2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ana_Margarida_Arruda" title="Ana Margarida Arruda">Ana Margarida Arruda</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYJnQgAACAAJ">Los fenicios en Portugal: fenicios y mundo indígena en el centro y sur de Portugal (siglos VIII-VI a.C.)</a>. Carrera Edició. pp. 113–115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-88236-11-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-88236-11-1"><bdi>978-84-88236-11-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128191049/https://books.google.com/books?id=KYJnQgAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+fenicios+en+Portugal%3A+fenicios+y+mundo+ind%C3%ADgena+en+el+centro+y+sur+de+Portugal+%28siglos+VIII-VI+a.C.%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.pub=Carrera+Edici%C3%B3&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-84-88236-11-1&rft.au=Ana+Margarida+Arruda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYJnQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laidlar1997-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Laidlar1997_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Laidlar1997" class="citation book cs1">John Laidlar (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K80UAQAAIAAJ">Lisbon</a>. Clio Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-268-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-268-0"><bdi>978-1-85109-268-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lisbon&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Clio+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-268-0&rft.au=John+Laidlar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK80UAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pilkington2013-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Pilkington2013_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathan_Laughlin_Pilkington2013" class="citation thesis cs1">Nathan Laughlin Pilkington (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/item/ac:159452">An Archaeological History of Carthaginian Imperialism</a>. Academic Commons, Columbia.edu (Thesis). Columbia University. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7916%2FD80G3SCF">10.7916/D80G3SCF</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903211757/http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/item/ac:159452">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=An+Archaeological+History+of+Carthaginian+Imperialism&rft.inst=Columbia+University&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7916%2FD80G3SCF&rft.au=Nathan+Laughlin+Pilkington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facademiccommons.columbia.edu%2Fitem%2Fac%3A159452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WrightSwift1971-37"><a href="#cite_ref-WrightSwift1971_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_WrightPatrick_Swift1971" class="citation book cs1">David Wright; Patrick Swift (1 January 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QIMnAQAAMAAJ">Lisbon: a portrait and a guide</a>. Barrie and Jenkins. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-214-65309-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-214-65309-4"><bdi>978-0-214-65309-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207052702/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIMnAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lisbon%3A+a+portrait+and+a+guide&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Barrie+and+Jenkins&rft.date=1971-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-214-65309-4&rft.au=David+Wright&rft.au=Patrick+Swift&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQIMnAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWachsmannDunnHaleHohlfelder2009" class="citation journal cs1">Wachsmann, Shelley; Dunn, Richard K.; Hale, John R.; Hohlfelder, Robert L.; Conyers, Lawrence B.; Ernenwein, Eileen G.; Sheets, Payson; Blot, Maria Luisa Pienheiro; Castro, Filipe; Davis, Dan (September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013091642/http://anthropologyworldnews.tamu.edu/faculty/castro/publications/Wachsmann%20et%20al.%202009%20-%20Portugal.pdf">"The Palaeo-Environmental Contexts of Three Possible Phoenician Anchorages in Portugal"</a> (PDF). 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Edizioni Plus. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8492-464-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8492-464-3"><bdi>978-88-8492-464-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509071129/https://books.google.com/books?id=jR98-Ata0CkC&pg=PA38">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Power+in+Europe%3A+Conflict+and+Convergence&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Edizioni+Plus&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-88-8492-464-3&rft.au=Joaquim+Carvalho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjR98-Ata0CkC%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colvin2008-98"><a href="#cite_ref-Colvin2008_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Colvin2008" class="citation book cs1">Michael Colvin (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3kkMvRabv4C&pg=PA28">The Reconstruction of Lisbon: Severa's Legacy and the Fado's Rewriting of Urban History</a>. Associated University Presse. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8387-5708-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8387-5708-6"><bdi>978-0-8387-5708-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508093045/https://books.google.com/books?id=O3kkMvRabv4C&pg=PA28">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reconstruction+of+Lisbon%3A+Severa%27s+Legacy+and+the+Fado%27s+Rewriting+of+Urban+History&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Associated+University+Presse&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8387-5708-6&rft.au=Michael+Colvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO3kkMvRabv4C%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soyer2007b-99"><a href="#cite_ref-Soyer2007b_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois_Soyer2007" class="citation book cs1">François Soyer (15 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hvOpWcWD2_wC&pg=PA41">The Persecution of the Jews and Muslims of Portugal: King Manuel I and the End of Religious Tolerance (1496–7)</a>. BRILL. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16262-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16262-4"><bdi>978-90-04-16262-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603064836/https://books.google.com/books?id=hvOpWcWD2_wC&pg=PA41">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persecution+of+the+Jews+and+Muslims+of+Portugal%3A+King+Manuel+I+and+the+End+of+Religious+Tolerance+%281496%E2%80%937%29&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2007-10-15&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16262-4&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Soyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhvOpWcWD2_wC%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Flanagan2008-100"><a href="#cite_ref-O'Flanagan2008_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_O'Flanagan2008" class="citation book cs1">Patrick O'Flanagan (1 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fzJc8ii7OMsC&pg=PA147">Port Cities of Atlantic Iberia, C. 1500–1900</a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6109-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6109-2"><bdi>978-0-7546-6109-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160511050547/https://books.google.com/books?id=fzJc8ii7OMsC&pg=PA147">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Port+Cities+of+Atlantic+Iberia%2C+C.+1500%E2%80%931900&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-6109-2&rft.au=Patrick+O%27Flanagan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfzJc8ii7OMsC%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRevista2018" class="citation web cs1">Revista, Visão (June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visao.sapo.pt/visaose7e/sair/2018-06-08-tudo-o-que-ha-para-ver-e-fazer-de-marvila-ao-beato/">"Tudo o que há para ver e fazer de Marvila ao Beato"</a>. Visao. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114020238/https://visao.sapo.pt/visaose7e/sair/2018-06-08-tudo-o-que-ha-para-ver-e-fazer-de-marvila-ao-beato/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visao&rft.atitle=Tudo+o+que+h%C3%A1+para+ver+e+fazer+de+Marvila+ao+Beato&rft.date=2018-06&rft.aulast=Revista&rft.aufirst=Vis%C3%A3o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisao.sapo.pt%2Fvisaose7e%2Fsair%2F2018-06-08-tudo-o-que-ha-para-ver-e-fazer-de-marvila-ao-beato%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRevista2019" class="citation web cs1">Revista, TimeOut (December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/coisas-para-fazer/roteiro-perfeito-em-marvila">"Roteiro perfeito em Marvila"</a>. TimeOut. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114020238/https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/coisas-para-fazer/roteiro-perfeito-em-marvila">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TimeOut&rft.atitle=Roteiro+perfeito+em+Marvila&rft.date=2019-12&rft.aulast=Revista&rft.aufirst=TimeOut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.pt%2Flisboa%2Fpt%2Fcoisas-para-fazer%2Froteiro-perfeito-em-marvila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Negócios2017" class="citation web cs1">de Negócios, Jornal (May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/weekend/detalhe/lisboa-o-circulo-alternativo-das-galerias-de-arte">"Lisboa: ocírculo alternativo das galerias de arte"</a>. Jornal de Negócios. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114020238/https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/weekend/detalhe/lisboa-o-circulo-alternativo-das-galerias-de-arte">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jornal+de+Neg%C3%B3cios&rft.atitle=Lisboa%3A+oc%C3%ADrculo+alternativo+das+galerias+de+arte&rft.date=2017-05&rft.aulast=de+Neg%C3%B3cios&rft.aufirst=Jornal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornaldenegocios.pt%2Fweekend%2Fdetalhe%2Flisboa-o-circulo-alternativo-das-galerias-de-arte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marktest.com/wap/a/p/id~d0.aspx">"Histórico de resultados Eleitorais - Autárquicas"</a>. Marktest (in Portuguese). 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Retrieved 6 November 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lisbon+Gay+and+Lesbian+Film+Festival&rft.atitle=Official+web-site.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lisbonfilmfest.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doclisboa.org/">"doclisboa 2009"</a>. Doclisboa.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707070832/http://www.doclisboa.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=doclisboa+2009&rft.pub=Doclisboa.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doclisboa.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feiradolivrodelisboa.pt">"Feira do Livro de Lisboa"</a>. Feiradolivrodelisboa.pt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301104538/http://feiradolivrodelisboa.pt/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2010. 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Retrieved 8 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trienal+de+Arquitectura+de+Lisboa&rft.pub=trienaldelisboa.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trienaldelisboa.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modalisboa.pt/">"ModaLisboa – LisboaFashionWeek – Semana oficial da moda portuguesa"</a>. Modalisboa.pt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090802175159/http://www.modalisboa.pt/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2009. 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Retrieved 8 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Experimentadesign&rft.pub=Experimentadesign.pt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.experimentadesign.pt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luzboa.com">"Luzboa 2008"</a>. Luzboa.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091001163705/http://luzboa.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luzboa+2008&rft.pub=Luzboa.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luzboa.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKeown2023" class="citation web cs1">McKeown, Jonah (1 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/254967/world-youth-day-2023-lisbon-patriarch-greets-attendees-at-opening-mass">"World Youth Day 2023: Lisbon patriarch greets attendees at opening Mass"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_News_Agency" title="Catholic News Agency">Catholic News Agency</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=World+Youth+Day+2023%3A+Lisbon+patriarch+greets+attendees+at+opening+Mass&rft.date=2023-08-01&rft.aulast=McKeown&rft.aufirst=Jonah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F254967%2Fworld-youth-day-2023-lisbon-patriarch-greets-attendees-at-opening-mass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Recenseamentos Gerais da População) - <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes">https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710195038/https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes">Archived</a> 10 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Bairoch1991" class="citation book cs1">Paul Bairoch (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cg7JYZO_nEMC&pg=PA180">Cities and Economic Development: From the Dawn of History to the Present</a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-03466-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-03466-9"><bdi>978-0-226-03466-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140728120220/http://books.google.com/books?id=Cg7JYZO_nEMC&pg=PA180">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+and+Economic+Development%3A+From+the+Dawn+of+History+to+the+Present&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-226-03466-9&rft.au=Paul+Bairoch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCg7JYZO_nEMC%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuis_Frois_SJ2014" class="citation book cs1">Luis Frois SJ (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h8YTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA194">The First European Description of Japan, 1585: A Critical English-Language Edition of Striking Contrasts in the Customs of Europe and Japan by Luis Frois, S.J.</a> Routledge. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-91781-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-91781-6"><bdi>978-1-317-91781-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718104721/http://books.google.com/books?id=h8YTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA194">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+European+Description+of+Japan%2C+1585%3A+A+Critical+English-Language+Edition+of+Striking+Contrasts+in+the+Customs+of+Europe+and+Japan+by+Luis+Frois%2C+S.J.&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-91781-6&rft.au=Luis+Frois+SJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh8YTAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_W._MansbachKirsten_L._Taylor2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Mansbach" title="Richard W. Mansbach">Richard W. Mansbach</a>; Kirsten L. 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Retrieved 19 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lisboa+duplica+oferta+de+bicicletas.+Utiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o+subiu+50%25+num+ano&rft.date=2021-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dn.pt%2Fsociedade%2Flisboa-duplica-oferta-de-bicicletas-utilizacao-subiu-50-num-ano-13347078.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lisboa.pt/cidade/mobilidade/meios/bicicleta/mapa-rede-ciclavel">"mapa rede ciclável"</a>. MUNICÍPIO de LISBOA (in European Portuguese). 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Oestado. 30 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701161548/https://oestadoce.com.br/editorias/turismo/fortaleza-se-torna-cidade-irma-de-lisboa/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oestadoce.com.br&rft.atitle=Fortaleza+se+torna+cidade+irm%C3%A3+de+Lisboa&rft.date=2016-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oestadoce.com.br%2Feditorias%2Fturismo%2Ffortaleza-se-torna-cidade-irma-de-lisboa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_City_of_LisbonBangkok_Metropolitan_Administration2016" class="citation web cs1">The City of Lisbon; Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (19 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iad.bangkok.go.th/sites/default/files/10021601.PDF">"Friendship And Co-Operation Agreement between The City of Lisbon Portuguese Republic and The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Kingdom of Thailand"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161008074713/http://iad.bangkok.go.th/sites/default/files/10021601.PDF">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friendship+And+Co-Operation+Agreement+between+The+City+of+Lisbon+Portuguese+Republic+and+The+Bangkok+Metropolitan+Administration+Kingdom+of+Thailand&rft.date=2016-07-19&rft.au=The+City+of+Lisbon&rft.au=Bangkok+Metropolitan+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiad.bangkok.go.th%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F10021601.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ciudadesiberoamericanas.org/quienes-somos/ciudades-miembro/">"Ciudades miembro"</a> (in Portuguese). Unión de Ciudades Capitales Iberoamericanas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220611033704/https://ciudadesiberoamericanas.org/quienes-somos/ciudades-miembro/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ciudades+miembro&rft.pub=Uni%C3%B3n+de+Ciudades+Capitales+Iberoamericanas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciudadesiberoamericanas.org%2Fquienes-somos%2Fciudades-miembro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uccla.pt/">"União das Cidades Capitais de Língua Portuguesa"</a> (in Portuguese). União das Cidades Capitais de Língua Portuguesa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220628093458/https://www.uccla.pt/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uni%C3%A3o+das+Cidades+Capitais+de+L%C3%ADngua+Portuguesa&rft.pub=Uni%C3%A3o+das+Cidades+Capitais+de+L%C3%ADngua+Portuguesa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uccla.pt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisbon" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lisbon#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Lisbon">Bibliography of the history of Lisbon</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisbon&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box 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metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Lisbon at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lisbon" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Lisbon">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lisbon" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Lisbon">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Lisbon" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Lisbon">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lisbon" class="extiw" title="q:Lisbon">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lisbon" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Lisbon">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lisbon" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Lisbon">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lisbon" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Lisbon">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Lisbon" class="extiw" title="voy:Lisbon">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitportugal.com/en">Visit Portugal</a> – Official page by the Government of Portugal</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070125151752/http://www.atl-turismolisboa.pt/">Associação de Turismo de Lisboa</a> – Official site of the Lisbon Tourism Association</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013152926/http://otlis.com.pt/">OTLIS</a> – Official site of the Lisbon Region Transport Operators Consortium</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090925023109/http://portaldasnacoes.pt/index.php?lang=en">Portal das Nações</a> Official site of Parque das Nações in Lisbon</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portuguese-american-journal.com/lisbon-voted-european-city-of-year-2012-%E2%80%93-award/">Lisbon voted European City of the Year 2012 – Award</a> – Portuguese American Journal</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvl.pt/">TVL</a> Lisbon TV</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Lisbon" title="Template:Lisbon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lisbon" title="Template talk:Lisbon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lisbon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lisbon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Lisbon_topics133" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bandeira_municipal_de_Lisboa.png/23px-Bandeira_municipal_de_Lisboa.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bandeira_municipal_de_Lisboa.png/35px-Bandeira_municipal_de_Lisboa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bandeira_municipal_de_Lisboa.png/45px-Bandeira_municipal_de_Lisboa.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lisbon</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Lisbon" title="Climate of Lisbon">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lisbon" title="Flag of Lisbon">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_District" title="Lisbon District">District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Metro area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Lisbon" title="List of mayors of Lisbon">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lisbon" title="History of Lisbon">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lisbon" title="Timeline of Lisbon">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Lisbon" title="List of people from Lisbon">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Lisbon" title="Tourism in Lisbon">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Lisbon"><img alt="Coat of arms of Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Lisbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="574" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A2ntara,_Lisbon" title="Alcântara, Lisbon">Alcântara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfama" title="Alfama">Alfama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belém (Lisbon)"> Belém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bairro_Alto" title="Bairro Alto">Bairro Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baixa_Pombalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Baixa Pombalina">Baixa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiado" title="Chiado">Chiado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Parque das Nações">Parque das Nações</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Airport" title="Lisbon Airport">Lisbon Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carris" title="Carris">Carris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metro" title="Lisbon Metro">Lisbon Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtejo_%26_Soflusa" title="Transtejo & Soflusa">Transtejo & Soflusa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_of_the_Lisbon_District41" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_of_Lisbon" title="Template:Municipalities of Lisbon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_of_Lisbon" title="Template talk:Municipalities of Lisbon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_of_Lisbon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities of Lisbon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_of_the_Lisbon_District41" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities of the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_District" title="Lisbon District">Lisbon District</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alenquer,_Portugal" title="Alenquer, Portugal">Alenquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadora" title="Amadora">Amadora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arruda_dos_Vinhos" title="Arruda dos Vinhos">Arruda dos Vinhos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azambuja" title="Azambuja">Azambuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadaval" title="Cadaval">Cadaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascais" title="Cascais">Cascais</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loures" title="Loures">Loures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lourinh%C3%A3" title="Lourinhã">Lourinhã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafra,_Portugal" title="Mafra, Portugal">Mafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odivelas" title="Odivelas">Odivelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oeiras,_Portugal" title="Oeiras, Portugal">Oeiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintra" title="Sintra">Sintra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobral_de_Monte_Agra%C3%A7o" title="Sobral de Monte Agraço">Sobral de Monte Agraço</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Vedras" title="Torres Vedras">Torres Vedras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vila_Franca_de_Xira" title="Vila Franca de Xira">Vila Franca de Xira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Other_topics_related_to_Lisbon97" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Other_topics_related_to_Lisbon97" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other topics related to Lisbon</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Attractions_and_landmarks_in_Lisbon551" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lisbon_landmarks" title="Template:Lisbon landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lisbon_landmarks" title="Template talk:Lisbon landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lisbon_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lisbon landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Attractions_and_landmarks_in_Lisbon551" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Lisbon" title="Tourism in Lisbon">Attractions and landmarks in Lisbon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Lisbon" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Lisbon">Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81guas_Livres_Aqueduct" title="Águas Livres Aqueduct">Águas Livres Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascensor_da_Bica" title="Ascensor da Bica">Ascensor da Bica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascensor_da_Gl%C3%B3ria" title="Ascensor da Glória">Ascensor da Glória</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Tower" title="Belém Tower">Belém Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Portugal" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal">Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cemetery,_Lisbon" title="British Cemetery, Lisbon">British Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_A_Brasileira" title="Café A Brasileira">Café A Brasileira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_Pequeno_Bullring" title="Campo Pequeno Bullring">Campo Pequeno Bullring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_dos_Bicos" title="Casa dos Bicos">Casa dos Bicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Fernando_Pessoa" title="Casa Fernando Pessoa">Casa Fernando Pessoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordoaria_Nacional" title="Cordoaria Nacional">Cordoaria Nacional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_do_Oriente" title="Gare do Oriente">Gare do Oriente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Lisbon Astronomical Observatory">Lisbon Astronomical Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Oceanarium" title="Lisbon Oceanarium">Lisbon Oceanarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Zoo" title="Lisbon Zoo">Lisbon Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_de_Campo_de_Ourique" title="Mercado de Campo de Ourique">Mercado de Campo de Ourique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillory_of_Lisbon" title="Pillory of Lisbon">Pillory of Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prazeres_Cemetery" title="Prazeres Cemetery">Prazeres Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossio_railway_station" title="Rossio railway station">Rossio Train Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rua_Augusta_Arch" title="Rua Augusta Arch">Rua Augusta Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Justa_Lift" title="Santa Justa Lift">Santa Justa Lift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jorge_Castle" title="São Jorge Castle">São Jorge Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_do_Tombo_National_Archive" title="Torre do Tombo National Archive">Torre do Tombo National Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Tower" title="Vasco da Gama Tower">Vasco da Gama Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge" title="Vasco da Gama Bridge">Vasco da Gama Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_de_Abril_Bridge" title="25 de Abril Bridge">25 de Abril Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Lisbon" title="Category:Museums in Lisbon">Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berardo_-_Art_Deco_Museum" title="Berardo - Art Deco Museum">Berardo - Art Deco Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berardo_Collection_Museum" title="Berardo Collection Museum">Berardo Collection Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calouste_Gulbenkian_Museum" title="Calouste Gulbenkian Museum">Calouste Gulbenkian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmo_Convent_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmo Convent (Lisbon)">Carmo Convent Archaeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carris_Museum" title="Carris Museum">Carris Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa-Museu_Dr._Anast%C3%A1cio_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Casa-Museu Dr. Anastácio Gonçalves">Casa-Museu Dr. Anastácio Gonçalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordoaria_Nacional" title="Cordoaria Nacional">Cordoaria Nacional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_Museum" title="Electricity Museum">Electricity Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephemeral_Museum" title="Ephemeral Museum">Ephemeral Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago_Foundation" title="José Saramago Foundation">José Saramago Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Science_and_Culture_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Science and Culture Centre">Macau Science and Culture Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_da_%C3%81gua" title="Museu da Água">Museu da Água</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_Benfica" title="Museu Benfica">Museu Benfica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_da_Marioneta" title="Museu da Marioneta">Museu da Marioneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_Nacional_da_M%C3%BAsica" title="Museu Nacional da Música">Museu Nacional da Música</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_das_Comunica%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Museu das Comunicações">Museu das Comunicações</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_de_Arte_Popular" title="Museu de Arte Popular">Museu de Arte Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Lisbon" title="Museum of Lisbon">Museum of Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Art,_Architecture_and_Technology" title="Museum of Art, Architecture and Technology">Museum of Art, Architecture and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Orient" title="Museum of the Orient">Museum of the Orient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadeia_do_Aljube" title="Cadeia do Aljube">Museum of the Resistance and Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archaeology_Museum,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archaeology Museum, Portugal">National Museum of Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Azulejo" title="National Museum of the Azulejo">National Museum of the Azulejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coach_Museum" title="National Coach Museum">National Coach Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ancient_Art" title="National Museum of Ancient Art">National Museum of Ancient Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Contemporary Art (Portugal)">National Museum of Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Costume_(Portugal)" title="National Museum of Costume (Portugal)">National Museum of Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ethnology_(Portugal)" title="National Museum of Ethnology (Portugal)">National Museum of Ethnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History_and_Science,_Lisbon" title="National Museum of Natural History and Science, Lisbon">National Museum of Natural History & Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_and_Dance_Museum" title="National Theatre and Dance Museum">National Theatre and Dance Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Museum_(Portugal)" title="Navy Museum (Portugal)">Naval Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Bordalo_Pinheiro_Museum" title="Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro Museum">Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Palaces_in_Lisbon" title="Category:Palaces in Lisbon">Palaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Ajuda" title="Palace of Ajuda">Ajuda National Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Palace" title="Belém Palace">Belém Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bemposta_Palace" title="Bemposta Palace">Bemposta Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnay_Palace" title="Burnay Palace">Burnay Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galveias_Palace" title="Galveias Palace">Galveias Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monteiro-Mor_Palace" title="Monteiro-Mor Palace">Monteiro-Mor Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necessidades_Palace" title="Necessidades Palace">Necessidades Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Counts_of_Azambuja" title="Palace of the Counts of Azambuja">Palace of the Counts of Azambuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Counts_of_Redondo" title="Palace of the Counts of Redondo">Palace of the Counts of Redondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Dukes_of_Palmela" title="Palace of the Dukes of Palmela">Palace of the Dukes of Palmela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Marquises_of_Fronteira" title="Palace of the Marquises of Fronteira">Palace of the Marquises of Fronteira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palacete_Mayer" title="Palacete Mayer">Palacete Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palacio_Belmonte" class="mw-redirect" title="Palacio Belmonte">Palacio Belmonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panaca_Palace" title="Panaca Palace">Panaca Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penafiel_Palace" title="Penafiel Palace">Penafiel Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pestana_Palace" title="Pestana Palace">Pestana Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimenta_Palace" title="Pimenta Palace">Pimenta Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinta_dos_Lagares_d%27El-Rei" title="Quinta dos Lagares d'El-Rei">Quinta dos Lagares d'El-Rei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Bento_Mansion" class="mw-redirect" title="São Bento Mansion">São Bento Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Bento_Palace" title="São Bento Palace">São Bento Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotto_Mayor_Palace" title="Sotto Mayor Palace">Sotto Mayor Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verride_Palace" title="Verride Palace">Verride Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_buildings_in_Lisbon" title="Template:Religious buildings in Lisbon">Religious buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Nossa_Senhora_da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Velha" title="Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição Velha">Conceição Velha Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrela_Basilica" title="Estrela Basilica">Estrela Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_Monastery" title="Jerónimos Monastery">Jerónimos Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_dos_Anjos" title="Igreja dos Anjos">Igreja dos Anjos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_da_Madalena" title="Igreja da Madalena">Igreja da Madalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_da_Mem%C3%B3ria" title="Igreja da Memória">Igreja da Memória</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_do_Menino_Deus" title="Igreja do Menino Deus">Igreja do Menino Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Santa_Engr%C3%A1cia" title="Church of Santa Engrácia">National Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo António Church">Santo António Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_de_S%C3%A3o_Domingos_(Lisbon)" title="Igreja de São Domingos (Lisbon)">São Domingos Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_de_S%C3%A3o_Roque" title="Igreja de São Roque">São Roque Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_de_Santa_Luzia_(Lisbon)" title="Igreja de Santa Luzia (Lisbon)">Santa Luzia Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Teresa_de_Jesus_de_Carnide_Convent" title="Santa Teresa de Jesus de Carnide Convent">Santa Teresa de Jesus de Carnide Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_de_Santo_Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_(Lisbon)" title="Igreja de Santo Estêvão (Lisbon)">Santo Estêvão Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Cathedral" title="Lisbon Cathedral">Lisbon Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Synagogue" title="Lisbon Synagogue">Lisbon Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madre_de_Deus_Convent" title="Madre de Deus Convent">Madre de Deus Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Martyrs,_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Our Lady of the Martyrs, Lisboa">Mártires Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_S%C3%A3o_Vicente_de_Fora" title="Monastery of São Vicente de Fora">Monastery of São Vicente de Fora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_M%C3%B3nicas" title="Monastery of the Mónicas">Monastery of the Mónicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church,_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Church, Lisbon">St. George's Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Squares_in_Lisbon" title="Category:Squares in Lisbon">Squares, streets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Parks_in_Lisbon" title="Category:Parks in Lisbon">parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avenida_da_Liberdade" title="Avenida da Liberdade">Avenida da Liberdade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque_Square" title="Afonso de Albuquerque Square">Afonso de Albuquerque Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Vista_Park" title="Bela Vista Park">Bela Vista Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_VII_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduardo VII Park">Eduardo VII Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estufa_Fria" title="Estufa Fria">Estufa Fria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulbenkian_Park" title="Gulbenkian Park">Gulbenkian Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_of_Pombal_Square" title="Marquis of Pombal Square">Marquis of Pombal Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsanto_Forest_Park" title="Monsanto Forest Park">Monsanto Forest Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_da_Figueira" title="Praça da Figueira">Praça da Figueira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_de_Entrecampos" title="Praça de Entrecampos">Praça de Entrecampos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_de_Espanha_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Praça de Espanha (Lisbon)">Praça de Espanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio" title="Praça do Comércio">Praça do Comércio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_do_Imp%C3%A9rio" title="Praça do Império">Praça do Império</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_Martim_Moniz" title="Praça Martim Moniz">Praça Martim Moniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restauradores_Square" title="Restauradores Square">Restauradores Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossio_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossio Square">Rossio Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Districts_of_Lisbon" title="Category:Districts of Lisbon">Districts and neighborhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajuda" title="Ajuda">Ajuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A2ntara,_Lisbon" title="Alcântara, Lisbon">Alcântara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfama" title="Alfama">Alfama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areeiro,_Lisbon" title="Areeiro, Lisbon">Areeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroios" title="Arroios">Arroios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenidas_Novas" title="Avenidas Novas">Avenidas Novas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bairro_Alto" title="Bairro Alto">Bairro Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m,_Lisbon" title="Belém, Lisbon">Belém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benfica,_Lisbon" title="Benfica, Lisbon">Benfica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_de_Ourique" title="Campo de Ourique">Campo de Ourique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiado" title="Chiado">Chiado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrela,_Lisbon" title="Estrela, Lisbon">Estrela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Baixa" title="Lisbon Baixa">Lisbon Baixa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miseric%C3%B3rdia" title="Misericórdia">Misericórdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivais,_Lisbon" title="Olivais, Lisbon">Olivais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Parque das Nações">Parque das Nações</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penha_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Penha de França">Penha de França</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_Lisbon" title="Santa Clara, Lisbon">Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maior,_Lisbon" title="Santa Maria Maior, Lisbon">Santa Maria Maior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio,_Lisbon" title="Santo António, Lisbon">Santo António</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Domingos_de_Benfica" title="São Domingos de Benfica">São Domingos de Benfica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Lisbon" title="São Vicente, Lisbon">São Vicente</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Events_in_Lisbon" title="Category:Events in Lisbon">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doclisboa" title="Doclisboa">Doclisboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_da_Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Festival da Canção">Festival da Canção</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globes_(Portugal)" title="Golden Globes (Portugal)">Globos de Ouro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisboa_Games_Week" title="Lisboa Games Week">Lisboa Games Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Book_Fair" title="Lisbon Book Fair">Lisbon Book Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_%26_Estoril_Film_Festival" title="Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival">Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Marathon" title="Lisbon Marathon">Lisbon Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Half_Marathon" title="Lisbon Half Marathon">Lisbon Half Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Christmas_tree" title="Lisbon Christmas tree">Lisbon Christmas tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LPFP_Awards" title="LPFP Awards">LPFP Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludopolis" title="Ludopolis">Ludopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOS_Alive" title="NOS Alive">NOS Alive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olhares_do_Mediterr%C3%A2neo_-_Cinema_no_Feminino" title="Olhares do Mediterrâneo - Cinema no Feminino">Olhares do Mediterrâneo - Cinema no Feminino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_Day" title="Portugal Day">Portugal Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_Lisboa_International_Queer_Film_Festival" title="Queer Lisboa International Queer Film Festival">Queer Lisboa International Queer Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Awards" title="Sophia Awards">Sophia Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bock_Super_Rock" title="Super Bock Super Rock">Super Bock Super Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Summit" title="Web Summit">Web Summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Lisbon" title="Category:Culture in Lisbon">Culture and entertainment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Gaita-de-fole" title="Associação Gaita-de-fole">Associação Gaita-de-fole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sinf%C3%B3nica_da_Guarda_Nacional_Republicana" title="Banda Sinfónica da Guarda Nacional Republicana">Banda Sinfónica da Guarda Nacional Republicana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casino_Lisboa_(Portugal)" title="Casino Lisboa (Portugal)">Casino Lisboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinemateca_Portuguesa" title="Cinemateca Portuguesa">Cinemateca Portuguesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coliseu_dos_Recreios" title="Coliseu dos Recreios">Coliseu dos Recreios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Centre_of_Bel%C3%A9m" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Centre of Belém">Cultural Centre of Belém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_da_Luz" title="Estádio da Luz">Estádio da Luz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_da_Tapadinha" title="Estádio da Tapadinha">Estádio da Tapadinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Restelo" title="Estádio do Restelo">Estádio do Restelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Jos%C3%A9_Alvalade" title="Estádio José Alvalade">Estádio José Alvalade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulbenkian_Orchestra" title="Gulbenkian Orchestra">Gulbenkian Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Club_of_Portugal" title="Hot Club of Portugal">Hot Club of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_University_Stadium" title="Lisbon University Stadium">Lisbon University Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEO_Arena" title="MEO Arena">MEO Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ballet_of_Portugal" title="National Ballet of Portugal">National Ballet of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Patriarchal_Music_Seminary_of_Lisbon" title="Royal Patriarchal Music Seminary of Lisbon">Royal Patriarchal Music Seminary of Lisbon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Metropolitan area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Riviera" title="Portuguese Riviera">Portuguese Riviera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_caves_of_Alapraia" title="Artificial caves of Alapraia">Alapraia Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_das_Hist%C3%B3rias_Paula_Rego" title="Casa das Histórias Paula Rego">Casa das Histórias Paula Rego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Santa_Maria,_Cascais" title="Casa de Santa Maria, Cascais">Casa de Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Sommer" title="Casa Sommer">Casa Sommer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascais_Citadel_Palace_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascais Citadel Palace Museum">Cascais Citadel Palace Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascais_Marina" title="Cascais Marina">Cascais Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascais_Jazz_Festival" title="Cascais Jazz Festival">Cascais Jazz Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casino_Estoril" title="Casino Estoril">Casino Estoril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_the_Moors" title="Castle of the Moors">Castle of the Moors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Cascais" title="Citadel of Cascais">Citadel of Cascais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condes_de_Castro_Guimar%C3%A3es_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Condes de Castro Guimarães Museum">Condes de Castro Guimarães Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent_of_the_Capuchos_(Sintra)" title="Convent of the Capuchos (Sintra)">Convent of the Capuchos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cresmina_Dune" title="Cresmina Dune">Cresmina Dune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_of_Guincho" title="Fort of Guincho">Fort of Guincho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_of_Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio_da_Barra" title="Fort of Santo António da Barra">Fort of Santo António da Barra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Arm%C3%A9s" title="Fountain of Armés">Fountain of Armés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guia_Lighthouse_(Portugal)" title="Guia Lighthouse (Portugal)">Guia Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horasis_Global_Meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Horasis Global Meeting">Horasis Global Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praia_do_Guincho" title="Praia do Guincho">Guincho Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence%27s_Hotel" title="Lawrence's Hotel">Lawrence's Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_%26_Estoril_Film_Festival" title="Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival">Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monserrate_Palace" title="Monserrate Palace">Monserrate Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Portuguese_Music_(Estoril)" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Portuguese Music (Estoril)">Museum of Portuguese Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsMuseum" title="NewsMuseum">NewsMuseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_dos_Condes_da_Guarda,_Cascais" title="Palácio dos Condes da Guarda, Cascais">Palácio dos Condes da Guarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmela_Palace" title="Palmela Palace">Palmela Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pena_Palace" title="Pena Palace">Pena National Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Marta_Lighthouse" title="Santa Marta Lighthouse">Santa Marta Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Peninha" title="Sanctuary of Peninha">Sanctuary of Peninha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seteais_Palace" title="Seteais Palace">Seteais Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintra_National_Palace" title="Sintra National Palace">Sintra National Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintra_Natural_History_Museum" title="Sintra Natural History Museum">Sintra Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_architecture" title="Summer architecture">Summer architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Queluz" title="Palace of Queluz">Queluz National Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinta_da_Regaleira" title="Quinta da Regaleira">Quinta da Regaleira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinta_da_Ribafria,_Sintra" title="Quinta da Ribafria, Sintra">Quinta da Ribafria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinta_do_Rel%C3%B3gio" title="Quinta do Relógio">Quinta do Relógio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comporta" title="Comporta">Comporta Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o_do_Bugio" title="Fort of São Lourenço do Bugio">Bugio Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Alc%C3%A1cer_do_Sal" title="Castle of Alcácer do Sal">Castle of Alcácer do Sal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Alenquer" title="Castle of Alenquer">Castle of Alenquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Almourol" title="Castle of Almourol">Castle of Almourol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_King_(Almada)" title="Christ the King (Almada)">Christ the King statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Apoio_Social_de_Runa" title="Centro de Apoio Social de Runa">Centro de Apoio Social de Runa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramics_Museum_of_Sacav%C3%A9m" title="Ceramics Museum of Sacavém">Ceramics Museum of Sacavém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festroia_International_Film_Festival" title="Festroia International Film Festival">Festroia International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_of_Santiago_do_Out%C3%A3o" title="Fort of Santiago do Outão">Fort of Santiago do Outão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Mafra" title="Palace of Mafra">Mafra National Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Jesus_of_Set%C3%BAbal" title="Monastery of Jesus of Setúbal">Monastery of Jesus of Setúbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_High-Courier" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of the High-Courier">Palace of the High-Courier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Grace_Cathedral,_Set%C3%BAbal" title="Our Lady of Grace Cathedral, Setúbal">Setúbal Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Capitals_of_Culture60" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template talk:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Capitals_of_Culture60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capitals of Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1985</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West</a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></dd> <dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lisbon</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a></dd> <dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></dd> <dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></dd> <dt>2015</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a></dd> <dt>2016</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></dd> <dt>2017</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></dd> <dt>2018</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a></dd> <dt>2019</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a></dd> <dt>2020-April 2021</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></dd> <dt>2022</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></dd> <dt>2023</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a></dd> <dt>2024</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_(town)" title="Bodø (town)">Bodø</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nova_Gorica" title="Nova Gorica">Nova Gorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></dd> <dt>2026</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Trenčín">Trenčín</a></dd> <dt>2027</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Capitals_of_Sport26" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Capital_of_Sport" title="Template:European Capital of Sport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Sport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:European Capital of Sport (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Sport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Sport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Capitals_of_Sport26" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">European Capitals of Sport</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></li> <li>2017 <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li>2021 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lisbon</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a></li> <li>2023 <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li>2024 <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li>2025 <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in italics.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a>, Andorra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, Kazakhstan2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, Azerbaijan2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Romania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, Moldova</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lisbon</a>, Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, Slovenia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a>, Luxembourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, Cyprus2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>, Montenegro</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, Czech Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, Iceland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, Latvia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a>, San Marino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, North Macedonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, Estonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>, Albania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, Malta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, Armenia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a>, Northern Cyprus2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>, Kosovo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokhumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokhumi">Sokhumi</a>, Abkhazia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a>, Transnistria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a>, South Ossetia2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, Wales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a>, Isle of Man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, Gibraltar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a>, Jersey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a>, Svalbard (Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a>, Burgenland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, Styria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, Tyrol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a>, Carinthia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>, Upper Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, Salzburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a>, Lower Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a>, Brčko District</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Berlin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>, Bremen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, Saxony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>, Thuringia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Hamburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Bavaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Brandenburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a>, Saarland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a>, Chuvashia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a>, Kalmykia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a>, Chechnya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a>, Udmurtia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, Tatarstan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magas,_Russia" title="Magas, Russia">Magas</a>, Ingushetia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a>, Dagestan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a>, Adygea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a>, Karelia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a>, Mordovia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a>, Komi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a>, Perm Krai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a>, Aargau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a>, Uri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, Ticino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>, Grisons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a>, Jura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a>, Thurgau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, Vaud</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a>, Obwalden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a>, Valais</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a>, Nidwalden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions79" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>, Sardinia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, Sicily</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions53" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a>, Azores</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Catalonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a>, Canary Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a>, La Rioja</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a>, Extremadura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a>, Asturias</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a>, Navarre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a>, Cantabria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, Galicia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, Andalusia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Valencian Community</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li>2 Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li>3 Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li>4 A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies213" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template talk:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies213" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician Hippos ship"><img alt="Phoenician Hippos ship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/20px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/30px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/40px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="525" /></a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Phoenician_cities" title="List of Phoenician cities">Phoenician cities and colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Camarata_(Mauretania)" title="Camarata (Mauretania)">Camarata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartennae" title="Cartennae">Cartennae</a> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9n%C3%A8s" title="Ténès">Tenes</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hippo_Regius" title="Hippo Regius">Hippo Regius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Icosium" title="Icosium">Icosium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igilgili" title="Igilgili">Igilgili</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Iol (Cherchell)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iomnium" title="Iomnium">Iomnium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tigzirt" title="Tigzirt">Tigzirt</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cirta" title="Cirta">Cirta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Djinet" title="Djinet">Kissi (Djinet)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Macomades" title="Macomades">Macomades</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calama_(Numidia)" title="Calama (Numidia)">Malaca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rachgoun" title="Rachgoun">Rachgoun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusazus" title="Rusazus">Rusazus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azeffoun" title="Azeffoun">Azeffoun</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Rusguniae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Tamentfoust</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skikda" title="Skikda">Rusicade (Skikda)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusippisir" title="Rusippisir">Rusippisir (Taksebt)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusubbicari" title="Rusubbicari">Rusubbicari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zemmouri" title="Zemmouri">Zemmouri</a> El Bahri)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dellys" title="Dellys">Rusuccuru (Dellys)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zara%C3%AF" title="Zaraï">Sarai</a> (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_Oulmene" title="Aïn Oulmene">Aïn Oulmene</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thagora" title="Thagora">Thagora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taoura" title="Taoura">Taoura</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Mauretania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipasa in Mauretania">Tipasa in Mauretania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Numidia" title="Tipasa in Numidia">Tipasa in Numidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timici" title="Timici">Timici</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dali,_Cyprus" title="Dali, Cyprus">Dhali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kition" title="Kition">Kition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lapathus_(Cyprus)" title="Lapathus (Cyprus)">Lapathus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Cyprus" title="Marion, Cyprus">Marion</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Callista (Santorini)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxi">Paxi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achzib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Akka (Acre)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Dor" title="Tel Dor">Dora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Michal" title="Tel Michal">Michal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apollonia-Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia-Arsuf">Reshef</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Shikmona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Strato's Tower (Caesarea)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bithia,_Italy" title="Bithia, Italy">Bitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chia_(Sardinia)" title="Chia (Sardinia)">Chia</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B9" title="Cefalù">Cape Melqart (Cefalù)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Drepana" title="Drepana">Drepanum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eryx_(Sicily)" title="Eryx (Sicily)">Eryx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Kapara (Soluntum)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cagliari" title="History of Cagliari">Karaly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Lilybaeum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Motya" title="Motya">Motya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neapolis,_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolis, Sardinia">Neapolis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nora,_Italy" title="Nora, Italy">Nora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Olbia" title="Olbia">Olbia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sulci" title="Sulci">Sulci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antioco" title="Sant'Antioco">Sant'Antioco</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Ṣiṣ (Palermo)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Ampi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Athar (Tripoli)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Birut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Botrys (Teros)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Gebal (Byblos)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Burak" title="Tell el-Burak">Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh"> Porphyreon (Jieh)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarepta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Sur (Tyre)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushu" title="Ushu">Ushu (Palaetyrus)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Amad,_Lebanon" title="Umm al-Amad, Lebanon">Umm al-Amad</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oea" title="Oea">Oyat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sabratha" title="Sabratha">Tsabratan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Maleth (<a href="/wiki/Cospicua" title="Cospicua">Cospicua</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melite_(ancient_city)" title="Melite (ancient city)">Ann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gaulos (Gozo)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C4%A7ajn_Qajjet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Għajn Qajjet (page does not exist)">Għajn Qajjet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mtarfa" title="Mtarfa">Mtarfa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ras_il-Wardija" title="Ras il-Wardija">Ras il-Wardija</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tas-Sil%C4%A1" title="Tas-Silġ">Tas-Silġ</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azama (Azemmour)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Arambys (Mogador)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caricus_Murus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caricus Murus (page does not exist)">Caricus Murus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lixus_(ancient_city)" title="Lixus (ancient city)">Likush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Shalat (Chellah)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamusida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamusida">Tamusida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tingis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingis">Tinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anfa" title="Anfa">Anfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a> 1</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mogador_Island" title="Mogador Island">Mogador</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oualidia" title="Oualidia">Oualidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iulia_Constantia_Zilil" title="Iulia Constantia Zilil">Zilil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Gadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Sala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterium" title="Thymiaterium">Thymiaterium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Rusibis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Portim%C3%A3o" title="Portimão">Portus Hannibalis</a></dd> <dd>Portus Magonis (Portimão)</dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olissipona (Lisbon)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Ossonoba (Faro)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(Roman_town)" title="Balsa (Roman town)">Balsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tavira" title="Tavira">Tavira</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Spain" title="Abdera, Spain">Abdera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adra,_Spain" title="Adra, Spain">Adra</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abyla" title="Abyla">Abyla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Gadir (Cadiz)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guardamar_del_Segura" title="Guardamar del Segura">Herna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sa_Caleta_Phoenician_Settlement" title="Sa Caleta Phoenician Settlement">Iboshim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%B3n" title="Mahón">Mahón</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="History of Málaga">Malake</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Onoba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Carthage (Cartagena)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rushadir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saguntum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saguntum">Saguntum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sexi_(Phoenician_colony)" title="Sexi (Phoenician colony)">Sexi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Almunecar" class="mw-redirect" title="Almunecar">Almunecar</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADjola" title="Tíjola">Tagilit (Tíjola)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Los_Toscanos" title="Los Toscanos">Toscanos</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez-M%C3%A1laga" title="Vélez-Málaga">Velez</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peniscola" title="Peniscola">Tyreche</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit">Marat (Amrit)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baniyas" title="Baniyas">Balanaea (Baniyas)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carne,_Phoenicia" title="Carne, Phoenicia">Carne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paltus" title="Paltus">Paltus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Safita" title="Safita">Safita</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sukas" title="Tell Sukas">Shuksi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Kazel" title="Tell Kazel">Sumur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kelibia" title="Kelibia">Aspis (Kelibia)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulla_Regia" title="Bulla Regia">Bulla Regia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hadrumetum" title="Hadrumetum">Hadrumetum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerkouane" title="Kerkouane">Kerkouane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Parva" title="Leptis Parva">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia" title="Monastir, Tunisia">Monastir</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maqom_Hadesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqom Hadesh">Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meninx_(town)" title="Meninx (town)">Meninx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspe" title="Ruspe">Ruspe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspina" title="Ruspina">Ruspina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Kef" title="El Kef">Sicca (El Kef)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tabarka" title="Tabarka">Tabarka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thenae" title="Thenae">Tayinat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyna" title="Thyna">Thyna</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thapsus" title="Thapsus">Thapsus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thysdrus" title="Thysdrus">Thysdrus</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_Djem" title="El Djem">El Djem</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia" title="Utica, Tunisia">Utica</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Myriandus" title="Myriandus">Myriandus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Phoenicus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tahpanhes" title="Tahpanhes">Tahpanhes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2614" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2614" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124321959">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205313/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdrKP7TrdqP8tC7ktcgKd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4035919-0">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79059721">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" 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