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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Ranger" title="Ocean Ranger – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ocean Ranger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="اوشن رنجر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوشن رنجر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Ranger" title="Ocean Ranger – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ocean Ranger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Ranger" title="Ocean Ranger – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ocean Ranger" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Ranger_(piattaforma)" title="Ocean Ranger (piattaforma) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ocean Ranger (piattaforma)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Ranger" title="Ocean Ranger – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ocean Ranger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Ranger_(schip,_1976)" title="Ocean Ranger (schip, 1976) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ocean Ranger (schip, 1976)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Ranger" title="Ocean Ranger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ocean Ranger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Оушн Рейнджер (нефтяная платформа) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оушн Рейнджер (нефтяная платформа)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Ranger" title="Ocean Ranger – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ocean Ranger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1772356#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ocean_Ranger&params=46_43_33.53_N_48_50_9.13_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°43′33.53″N</span> <span class="longitude">48°50′9.13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.7259806°N 48.8358694°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.7259806; -48.8358694</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Offshore oil rig, sank in 1982</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ocean_Ranger_(ship).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b8/Ocean_Ranger_%28ship%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="346" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="339" /></a></span><div><i>Ocean Ranger</i> drilling in the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Inlet" title="Cook Inlet">Cook Inlet</a></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Ocean Ranger</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Owner</td><td><a href="/wiki/ODECO" title="ODECO">ODECO</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operator</td><td><a href="/wiki/ODECO" title="ODECO">ODECO</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries</a>' Yard in <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a>, Japan</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Yard number</td><td>615641</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>1976</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Christened</td><td>1976</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Completed</td><td>1976</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Maiden voyage</td><td>1976</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">In service</td><td>1976–1982</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Out of service</td><td>15 February 1982</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Identification</td><td><a href="/wiki/IMO_number" title="IMO number">IMO number</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/details/ships/imo:8767202">8767202</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Sank with all hands due to storm</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Class and type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Semi-submersible" title="Semi-submersible">semi-submersible</a> mobile <a href="/wiki/Oil_platform" title="Oil platform">offshore drilling unit</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Tonnage</td><td>25,000</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>396 ft (121 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>262 ft (80 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Height</td><td>337 ft (103 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Decks</td><td>2</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td>7000 hp</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td>2 x 3500HP DC Electric motors providing propulsion to 2 Steerable Kort Nozzles</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Capacity</td><td>100</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Crew</td><td>84</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Notes</td><td>raised and sunk in deeper waters</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><i><b>Ocean Ranger</b></i> was a <a href="/wiki/Semi-submersible" title="Semi-submersible">semi-submersible</a> mobile <a href="/wiki/Oil_platform" title="Oil platform">offshore drilling unit</a> that sank in Canadian waters on 15 February 1982. It was drilling an exploration well on the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Banks_of_Newfoundland" title="Grand Banks of Newfoundland">Grand Banks of Newfoundland</a>, 267 kilometres (166 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. John's, Newfoundland</a>, for <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil Oil of Canada, Ltd.</a> (MOCAN) with 84 crew members on board when it sank. There were no survivors. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_design">History and design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Ranger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ocean Ranger</i> was designed and owned by <a href="/wiki/ODECO" title="ODECO">Ocean Drilling and Exploration Company, Inc. (ODECO)</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>. The vessel was a self-propelled large semi-submersible design with a drilling facility and living quarters. It was capable of operation beneath 1,500 feet (460 m) of ocean water and could drill to a maximum depth of 25,000 feet (7,600 m). It was described by ODECO as the world's largest semi-submersible oil rig to date.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTFeb161982_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTFeb161982-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Constructed for ODECO in 1976 by <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a>, Japan, <i>Ocean Ranger</i> was 396 feet (121 m) long, 262 feet (80 m) wide, and 337 feet (103 m) high. It had twelve 45,000-pound (20,000 kg) anchors.<sup id="cite_ref-time_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weight was 25,000 tons. It was floating on two 400-foot (120 m) long pontoons that rested 79 feet (24 m) below the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-cbc2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbc2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vessel was approved for 'unrestricted ocean operations' and designed to withstand extremely harsh conditions at sea, including 100-knot (190 km/h) winds and 110-foot (34 m) waves. Prior to moving to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Banks">Grand Banks</a> area in November 1980, it had operated off the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and Ireland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sinking">Sinking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Ranger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sinking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 26 November 1981, <i>Ocean Ranger</i> commenced drilling well J-34, its third well in the <a href="/wiki/Hibernia_(oil_field)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibernia (oil field)">Hibernia Oil Field</a>. <i>Ocean Ranger</i> was still working on this well in February 1982 when the incident occurred. Two other <a href="/wiki/Semi-submersible" title="Semi-submersible">semi-submersible</a> platforms were also drilling nearby: <i>Sedco 706</i>, 8.5 miles (13.7 km) NNE, and <a href="/wiki/Zapata_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Corporation"><i>Zapata</i></a> <i>Ugland</i>, 19.2 miles (30.9 km) N of <i>Ocean Ranger</i>. On 14 February 1982, the platforms received reports of an approaching storm linked to a major <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> cyclone from NORDCO Ltd, the company responsible for issuing offshore weather forecasts. The usual method of preparing for bad weather involved hanging-off the drill pipe at the sub-sea <a href="/wiki/Wellhead" title="Wellhead">wellhead</a> and disconnecting the <a href="/wiki/Marine_riser_tensioner" title="Marine riser tensioner">riser</a> from the sub-sea <a href="/wiki/Blowout_preventer" title="Blowout preventer">blowout preventer</a>. Due to surface difficulties and the speed at which the storm developed, the crew of <i>Ocean Ranger</i> was forced to shear the drill pipe after hanging-off, after which they disconnected the riser in the early evening.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At about 19:00 local time, the nearby <i>Sedco 706</i> experienced a large <a href="/wiki/Rogue_wave_(oceanography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogue wave (oceanography)">rogue wave</a> which damaged some items on deck and caused the loss of a life raft. Soon after, radio transmissions were heard from <i>Ocean Ranger</i>, describing a broken portlight (a <a href="/wiki/Porthole" title="Porthole">porthole</a> window) and water in the ballast control room, with discussions on how best to repair the damage. <i>Ocean Ranger</i> reported experiencing storm seas of 55 feet (17 m), with the odd wave up to 65 feet (20 m), thus leaving the unprotected portlight at 28 feet (8.5 m) above the water line vulnerable to wave damage. Some time after 21:00, radio conversations originating on <i>Ocean Ranger</i> were heard on <i>Sedco 706</i> and <i>Zapata Ugland</i>, noting that valves on <i>Ocean Ranger'</i>s ballast control panel appeared to be opening and closing of their own accord. The radio conversations also discussed the 100-knot (190 km/h) winds and waves up to 65 feet (20 m) high. Through the remainder of the evening, routine radio traffic passed between <i>Ocean Ranger</i>, its neighboring rigs and their individual support boats. Nothing out of the ordinary was noted.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 00:52 local time, on 15 February, a <a href="/wiki/Mayday_(distress_signal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayday (distress signal)">mayday</a> call was sent out from <i>Ocean Ranger</i>, noting a severe list to the port side of the rig and requesting immediate assistance. This was the first communication from <i>Ocean Ranger</i> identifying a major problem. The standby vessel, the M/V <i>Seaforth Highlander</i>, was requested to come in close as countermeasures against the 10–15-degree list were proving ineffective. The onshore MOCAN supervisor was notified of the situation, and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces">Canadian Forces</a> and Mobil-operated helicopters were alerted just after 01:00 local time. The M/V <i>Boltentor</i> and the M/V <i>Nordertor</i>, the standby boats of <i>Sedco 706</i> and <i>Zapata Ugland</i> respectively, were also dispatched to <i>Ocean Ranger</i> to provide assistance. At 01:30 local time, <i>Ocean Ranger</i> transmitted its last message: "There will be no further radio communications from <i>Ocean Ranger</i>. We are going to lifeboat stations." Shortly thereafter, in the middle of the night and in the midst of severe winter weather, the crew abandoned the platform. The platform remained afloat for another 90 minutes, sinking between 03:07 and 03:13 local time.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of <i>Ocean Ranger</i> sank beneath the Atlantic: by the next morning all that remained was a few buoys. Her entire complement of 84 workers – 46 Mobil employees and 38 contractors from various service companies – were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTGiniger_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTGiniger-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the rig was provided with an Emergency Procedures Manual which detailed evacuation procedures, it is unclear how effectively the platform evacuation was carried out. There is evidence that at least one lifeboat was successfully launched with up to 36 crew inside, and witnesses on the M/V <i>Seaforth Highlander</i> reported seeing at least 20 crew members in the water at the same time, indicating that at least 56 crew successfully evacuated the rig.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> report speculated that 'these men either chose to enter the water directly or were thrown into the water as a result of unsuccessful lifesaving equipment launching'. Rescue attempts by the standby vessels were hampered by the adverse weather conditions and the conclusion that the standby boats were neither equipped nor configured to rescue casualties from a cold sea. The lifeboat capsized during an attempt to tether it to the <i>Seaforth Highlander</i>, throwing the men on board into the water, and an emergency raft launched as a last resort missed the men. As a result of the severe weather, the first helicopter did not arrive on scene until 02:30 local time, by which time most if not all of <i>Ocean Ranger'</i>s crew had succumbed to <a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">hypothermia</a> and drowned. Over the next week, 22 bodies were recovered from the North Atlantic. Autopsies indicated that those men had died as a result of drowning while in a hypothermic state.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In related activity the following day, the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">container ship</a> <i><a href="/wiki/MV_Mekhanik_Tarasov" title="MV Mekhanik Tarasov">Mekhanik Tarasov</a></i> was struck by the same weather conditions as <i>Ocean Ranger</i>, approximately 65 miles (105 km) to the east. The battered Soviet freighter listed dramatically for hours before sinking with the loss of 32 of 37 crew.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTGiniger_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTGiniger-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes_and_effects">Causes and effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Ranger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Causes and effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ranger2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ranger2.png/330px-Ranger2.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ranger2.png/495px-Ranger2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ranger2.png/660px-Ranger2.png 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption><i>Ocean Ranger's</i> vulnerability to a <a href="/wiki/Rogue_wave" title="Rogue wave">rogue wave</a> illustrated.<br />1 – For comparison, the <a href="/wiki/Draupner_wave" title="Draupner wave">Draupner wave</a> 59 ft/18 m<br />2 – 28 ft/8.5 m<br /> 3 – Location of the ballast control room</figcaption></figure> <p>The remains of the platform were found by sonar search over the following weeks, resting in an inverted position approximately 485 feet (148 m) south-east of the wellhead, surrounded by major items of debris such as the derrick. The platform had capsized bow-first, turning over and striking the sea floor with the forward ends of the platform's pontoons. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> Marine Board of Investigation report on the disaster summarised the chain of events as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>A large wave appeared to cause a broken portlight;</li> <li>The broken portlight allowed the ingress of sea water into the ballast control room;</li> <li>The ballast control panel malfunctioned or appeared to malfunction to the crew;</li> <li>As a result of this malfunction or perceived malfunction, several valves in the platform's ballast control system opened due to a short circuit, or were manually opened by the crew;</li> <li><i>Ocean Ranger</i> assumed a forward list;</li> <li>As a result of the forward list, boarding seas began flooding the forward chain lockers located in the forward corner support columns;</li> <li>The forward list worsened;</li> <li>The pumping of the forward tanks was not possible using the usual ballast control method as the magnitude of the forward list created a vertical distance between the forward tanks and the ballast pumps located astern that exceeded the suction available on the ballast system's pumps;</li> <li>Detailed instructions and personnel trained in the use of the ballast control panel were not available;</li> <li>At some point, the crew blindly attempted to manually operate the ballast control panel using brass control rods;</li> <li>At some point, the manually operated sea valves in both pontoons were closed;</li> <li>Progressive flooding of the chain lockers and subsequent flooding of the upper deck resulted in a loss of buoyancy great enough to cause the platform to capsize.</li></ul><p> A Canadian Royal Commission spent two years looking into the disaster. The joint Federal-Provincial Royal Commission on the Ocean Ranger Marine Disaster<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> found that the crew were not trained, the safety equipment was inadequate, there were no safety protocols for the supply ship, and that the platform itself had a number of flaws. The Royal Commission concluded that <i>Ocean Ranger</i> had design and construction flaws, particularly in the ballast control room, and that the crew lacked proper safety training, <a href="/wiki/Survival_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Survival suit">survival suits</a> and equipment. The Royal Commission also concluded that inspection and regulation by United States and Canadian government agencies was ineffective. In addition to key recommendations for Canada's offshore oil and gas industry, the commission recommended that the federal government invest annually in research and development for search and rescue technologies, such as improving the design of lifesaving equipment—a commitment that has been met in every fiscal year since 1982. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/National_Search_and_Rescue_Program" title="National Search and Rescue Program">National Search and Rescue Program</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Ranger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1983, the wreck of <i>Ocean Ranger</i> was refloated and sunk in deeper waters by the Dutch firm Wijsmuller Salvage.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since its sinking the previous year, concerns over the wreck's position had been made by the federal government. As the wreck of <i>Ocean Ranger</i> was situated at an approximate 30 metres below the water, the wreck posed a danger to shipping. The operation saw <i>Ocean Ranger</i> towed upside down with her two pontoons breaking the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Operations had commenced earlier in June. However progress was halted when two salvage divers were killed on the wreck by an underwater explosion on 20 June. A stop-work order on refloating the wreck was declared and an investigation into the incident followed. However, exploratory diving was allowed to continue. A second incident on 26 June saw a third diver killed, believed to have been hit by a dropped object as he attempted to return to the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lawsuits arising from the sinking were settled out of court with a package cumulatively valued at $20 million.<sup id="cite_ref-cbc_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A permanent monument to those who died was created on the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_Building_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador)" title="Confederation Building (Newfoundland and Labrador)">Confederation Building</a>, the seat of the provincial government of Newfoundland.<sup id="cite_ref-cbc_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canadian playwright <a href="/wiki/Joan_MacLeod" title="Joan MacLeod">Joan MacLeod</a>'s first play <i>Jewel</i> (1987) is about the widow of one of the men who drowned in the disaster. It premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Tarragon_Theatre" title="Tarragon Theatre">Tarragon</a> in 1987 (dir. Andy McKim), and was subsequently produced for radio in English, French, German, Danish, and Swedish.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A documentary film, <i>The Ocean Ranger Disaster</i> (2002), was released only in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fiction, Canadian author <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Moore_(writer)" title="Lisa Moore (writer)">Lisa Moore</a>'s novel, <i>February</i> (2009), depicts the life of a woman whose husband died aboard the oil rig.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadian folk singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Ron_Hynes" title="Ron Hynes">Ron Hynes</a> wrote a song called "Atlantic Blue" (1988) as a tribute to the crew of <i>Ocean Ranger</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, a non-fiction book, <i>Rig: An Oral History of the Ocean Ranger Disaster,</i> written by Mike Heffernan, was published by <a href="/wiki/Breakwater_Books" title="Breakwater Books">Breakwater Books</a>. </p><p>In January 2012, a non-fiction book, <i>The Ocean Ranger: Remaking the Promise of Oil,</i> was published in Canada by <a href="/wiki/Fernwood_Publishing" title="Fernwood Publishing">Fernwood Publishing</a>. The book's author, Susan Dodd, lost her older brother Jim with the sinking of the <i>Ocean Ranger</i> and watched, for years, as her parents pursued legal struggles with the oil companies.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Ranger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_L._Kielland_(platform)" title="Alexander L. Kielland (platform)">Alexander L. Kielland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_explosion" title="Deepwater Horizon explosion">Deepwater Horizon explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_Alpha" title="Piper Alpha">Piper Alpha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Ranger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYTFeb161982-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTFeb161982_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/16/world/84-feared-dead-as-oil-drilling-rig-reportedly-sinks-in-north-atlantic.html?scp=7&sq=sinks%20in%20Atlantic&st=cse">"84 Feared Dead as Oil Drilling Rig Reportedly Sinks in North Atlantic"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Vol. 131, no. 45226. AP. 16 February 1982<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,922800,00.html">the original</a> on 14 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=25+years+later%2C+Ocean+Ranger+Tragedy+deeply+felt&rft.date=2007-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2F25-years-later-ocean-ranger-tragedy-deeply-felt-1.643061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOcean+Ranger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=MacLeod,%20Joan">"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia - MacLeod, Joan"</a>. <i>www.canadiantheatre.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.canadiantheatre.com&rft.atitle=Canadian+Theatre+Encyclopedia+-+MacLeod%2C+Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadiantheatre.com%2Fdict.pl%3Fterm%3DMacLeod%2C%2520Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOcean+Ranger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0368096/releaseinfo">"The Ocean Ranger Disaster (2002, TV)"</a>. <i>The Internet Movie Database (IMDb)</i>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Internet+Movie+Database+%28IMDb%29&rft.atitle=The+Ocean+Ranger+Disaster+%282002%2C+TV%29&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0368096%2Freleaseinfo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOcean+Ranger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/lisa-moore-nominated-for-man-booker-prize-1.896129">"Lisa Moore nominated for Man Booker Prize"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>. 27 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Lisa+Moore+nominated+for+Man+Booker+Prize&rft.date=2010-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fentertainment%2Flisa-moore-nominated-for-man-booker-prize-1.896129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOcean+Ranger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2006" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Philip (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saltscapes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=642:man-of-a-thousand-songs&catid=34:people&Itemid=154">"Man of a Thousand Songs"</a>. <i>Saltscapes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saltscapes&rft.atitle=Man+of+a+Thousand+Songs&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saltscapes.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D642%3Aman-of-a-thousand-songs%26catid%3D34%3Apeople%26Itemid%3D154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOcean+Ranger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodd,_Susan2012" class="citation web cs1">Dodd, Susan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fernwoodpublishing.ca/The-Ocean-Ranger/">"The Ocean Ranger: Remaking the Promise of Oil"</a>. Fernwood Publishing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ocean+Ranger%3A+Remaking+the+Promise+of+Oil&rft.pub=Fernwood+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Dodd%2C+Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fernwoodpublishing.ca%2FThe-Ocean-Ranger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOcean+Ranger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Ranger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1">The Report of the Royal Commission (Canada) on the <i>Ocean Ranger</i> Marine Disaster (Report). Ottawa: Canadian Government Publishing Centre. 1984. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/607866939">607866939</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Report+of+the+Royal+Commission+%28Canada%29+on+the+Ocean+Ranger+Marine+Disaster&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pub=Canadian+Government+Publishing+Centre&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F607866939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOcean+Ranger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dco.uscg.mil/Portals/9/DCO%20Documents/5p/CG-5PC/INV/docs/boards/oceanranger.pdf">Marine Casualty Report: Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU) Ocean Ranger, O.N. 615641, Capsizing and Sinking in the Atlantic Ocean, on 15 February 1982 with Multiple Loss of Life</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Coast Guard">U.S. Coast Guard</a>. 1983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Marine+Casualty+Report%3A+Mobile+Offshore+Drilling+Unit+%28MODU%29+Ocean+Ranger%2C+O.N.+615641%2C+Capsizing+and+Sinking+in+the+Atlantic+Ocean%2C+on+15+February+1982+with+Multiple+Loss+of+Life&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=U.S.+Coast+Guard&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dco.uscg.mil%2FPortals%2F9%2FDCO%2520Documents%2F5p%2FCG-5PC%2FINV%2Fdocs%2Fboards%2Foceanranger.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOcean+Ranger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeffernan2009" class="citation book cs1">Heffernan, Mike (2009). <i>Rig: An Oral History of the Ocean Ranger Disaster</i>. Creative Publ. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897174-41-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897174-41-8"><bdi>978-1-897174-41-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rig%3A+An+Oral+History+of+the+Ocean+Ranger+Disaster&rft.pub=Creative+Publ.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-897174-41-8&rft.aulast=Heffernan&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOcean+Ranger" class="Z3988"></span>, an illustrated collection of first-person accounts from former rig workers, victims' families, government officials, media, and search and rescue crews.</li> <li>Susan Dodd (2012) <i>The Ocean Ranger: Remaking the Promise of Oil</i>, Fernwood: Halifax. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1552664643" title="Special:BookSources/978-1552664643">978-1552664643</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Ranger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/environment/extreme-weather/the-ocean-ranger-disaster/the-ocean-ranger-is-lost.html">CBC Digital Archives – The <i>Ocean Ranger</i> Disaster</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/pco-bcp/commissions-ef/hickman1984-85-eng/hickman1984-85-eng.htm">Report of the Royal Commission on the disaster, via Library and Archives Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcvLUZ2TQF4">Video about the incident</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1982_shipwrecks" title="Template:1982 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1982_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:1982 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1982_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1982 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_1982310" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1982</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1982" title="List of shipwrecks in 1982">Shipwrecks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">5 Jan: <i><a href="/wiki/Akebono_Maru" class="mw-redirect" title="Akebono Maru">Akebono Maru No. 28</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 Feb: <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ocean Ranger</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Feb: <a href="/wiki/MV_Mekhanik_Tarasov" title="MV Mekhanik Tarasov">MV <i>Mekhanik Tarasov</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Feb: <a href="/wiki/SAS_President_Kruger" title="SAS President Kruger">SAS <i>President Kruger</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">23 Feb: <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_shipping_in_Lough_Foyle_(1981%E2%80%9382)" title="Attacks on shipping in Lough Foyle (1981–82)"><i>St. Bedan</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">26 Feb: <a href="/wiki/MV_Craigantlet" title="MV Craigantlet"><i>Craigantlet</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 Mar: <a href="/wiki/MV_Ranga" title="MV Ranga"><i>Ranga</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">9 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_Basilone" title="USS Basilone">USS <i>Basilone</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_Robinson_(DD-562)" title="USS Robinson (DD-562)">USS <i>Robinson</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">26 Apr: <a href="/wiki/ARA_Santa_Fe_(S-21)" title="ARA Santa Fe (S-21)">ARA <i>Santa Fe</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2 May: <a href="/wiki/ARA_General_Belgrano" title="ARA General Belgrano">ARA <i>General Belgrano</i></a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">4 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Sheffield_(D80)" title="HMS Sheffield (D80)">HMS <i>Sheffield</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">10 May: <a href="/wiki/ARA_Narwal" title="ARA Narwal">ARA <i>Narwal</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 May: <a href="/wiki/ARA_Isla_de_los_Estados" title="ARA Isla de los Estados">ARA <i>Isla de los Estados</i></a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">22 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ardent_(F184)" title="HMS Ardent (F184)">HMS <i>Ardent</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">24 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Antelope_(F170)" title="HMS Antelope (F170)">HMS <i>Antelope</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">25 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Coventry_(D118)" title="HMS Coventry (D118)">HMS <i>Coventry</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 May: <a href="/wiki/SS_Atlantic_Conveyor" title="SS Atlantic Conveyor"><i>Atlantic Conveyor</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Jun: <a href="/wiki/RFA_Sir_Galahad_(1966)" title="RFA Sir Galahad (1966)">RFA <i>Sir Galahad</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Jul: <a href="/wiki/USS_Agerholm" title="USS Agerholm">USS <i>Agerholm</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Porterfield" title="USS Porterfield">USS <i>Porterfield</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Oct: <a href="/wiki/MS_Logna" title="MS Logna"><i>Island Cement</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Oct: <a href="/wiki/ARA_Bah%C3%ADa_Buen_Suceso" title="ARA Bahía Buen Suceso">ARA <i>Bahía Buen Suceso</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">24 Oct: <a href="/wiki/USS_General_Omar_Bundy_(AP-152)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS General Omar Bundy (AP-152)"><i>Poet</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">25 Oct: <a href="/wiki/USS_Savage" title="USS Savage">USS <i>Savage</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">19 Dec: <a href="/wiki/MS_European_Gateway" title="MS European Gateway"><i>European Gateway</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">December (unknown date): <a href="/wiki/MT_Unirea" title="MT Unirea"><i>Unirea</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Unknown date: <a href="/wiki/USS_Scrimmage_(AM-297)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Scrimmage (AM-297)"><i>Mahi</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MV_Dennis_Winn" class="mw-redirect" title="MV Dennis Winn">Temehani</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">4 Mar: <a href="/wiki/MV_Vortigern" title="MV Vortigern"><i>Vortigern</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">22 Mar: <a href="/wiki/USS_Jacksonville" title="USS Jacksonville">USS <i>Jacksonville</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">6 Apr: <a href="/wiki/ARA_Guerrico" title="ARA Guerrico">ARA <i>Guerrico</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">3 May: <a href="/wiki/ARA_Alf%C3%A9rez_Sobral" title="ARA Alférez Sobral">ARA <i>Alferez Sobral</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Argonaut_(F56)" title="HMS Argonaut (F56)">HMS <i>Argonaut</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">25 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Broadsword_(F88)" title="HMS Broadsword (F88)">HMS <i>Broadsword</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">26 May: <a href="/wiki/MV_Bowbelle_(1964)" title="MV Bowbelle (1964)"><i>Bowbelle</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">8 Jun: <a href="/wiki/RFA_Sir_Tristram" title="RFA Sir Tristram">RFA <i>Sir Tristram</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">12 Jun: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Glamorgan_(D19)" title="HMS Glamorgan (D19)">HMS <i>Glamorgan</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 Jun: <a href="/wiki/ARA_Bah%C3%ADa_Buen_Suceso" title="ARA Bahía Buen Suceso">ARA <i>Bahía Buen Suceso</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Sep: <a href="/wiki/MV_Musthika_Kencana_II" title="MV Musthika Kencana II"><i>Armorique</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">19 Dec: <a href="/wiki/MV_Speedlink_Vanguard" title="MV Speedlink Vanguard"><i>Speedlink Vanguard</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Unknown date: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Onyx_(S21)" title="HMS Onyx (S21)">HMS <i>Onyx</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Valiant_(S102)" title="HMS Valiant (S102)">HMS <i>Valiant</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1981" title="List of shipwrecks in 1981">1981</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1981" title="List of shipwrecks in 1981"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1983" title="List of shipwrecks in 1983"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1983" title="List of shipwrecks in 1983">1983</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox506" style="padding:3px"><table 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