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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Procedure following an irregularity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procedure_following_an_irregularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cheating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cheating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Cheating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cheating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tempo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tempo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Tempo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tempo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Review_and_explanation_of_calls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Review_and_explanation_of_calls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Review and explanation of calls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Review_and_explanation_of_calls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unauthorized_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unauthorized_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Unauthorized information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unauthorized_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conduct_and_etiquette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conduct_and_etiquette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Conduct and etiquette</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conduct_and_etiquette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appeals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appeals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Appeals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appeals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_of_Bridge_Ethics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_Bridge_Ethics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Examples of Bridge Ethics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples_of_Bridge_Ethics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples of Bridge Ethics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_Bridge_Ethics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_of_Unauthorised_Information_from_Partner_(Law_16B)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_Unauthorised_Information_from_Partner_(Law_16B)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Use of Unauthorised Information from Partner (Law 16B)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_Unauthorised_Information_from_Partner_(Law_16B)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_Unexpected_Explanation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_Unexpected_Explanation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Use of Unexpected Explanation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_Unexpected_Explanation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" 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<div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Etiquette to be observed while playing bridge</div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">Contract bridge</a></b> can be a friendly, informal social game, or a highly competitive mind-sport when in formal club or tournament play. The rules require players to conduct themselves <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethically</a> and to be courteous at all times. The rules of the game and expectations for ethical play are codified in the official <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Duplicate_Contract_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws of Duplicate Contract Bridge">Laws of Duplicate Contract Bridge</a> and its published interpretations; the rules define which actions at the table are and are not permitted and remedies for rule infractions and irregularities. Players are expected to respect the norms of social <a href="/wiki/Courtesy" title="Courtesy">courtesy</a> and behavior; duplicate bridge sponsoring organizations (clubs, regional, national, zonal and world organizations) can define additional standards for player's conduct, including the penalties for violation of personal conduct such as rudeness and other breaches of discipline not covered by applicable <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)" title="Civil law (common law)">civil laws</a>. Some aspects of the rules may be interpreted more strictly in a high-level tournament than in an informal social game. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Laws_of_Duplicate_Contract_Bridge">Laws of Duplicate Contract Bridge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Laws of Duplicate Contract Bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Duplicate_Bridge" title="Laws of Duplicate Bridge">Laws of Duplicate Bridge</a></div> <p>The following aspects of conduct in game play are covered in the Laws of Duplicate Contract Bridge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_points">General points</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General points"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Any contestant remaining at a table throughout a session is primarily responsible for maintaining proper conditions of play at the table. (Law 7D)</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tournament_director">Tournament director</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tournament director"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Tournament director's powers, duties and responsibilities are defined under laws 81 - 93. As the official representative of the Tournament Organiser he is responsible for managing the tournament and applying the Laws applicable to it. His duties (under Law 81) include: </p> <ol><li><i> to maintain discipline and ensure the orderly progress of the game.</i></li> <li><i> to administer and interpret these Laws and to advise players of their rights and responsibilities thereunder.</i></li> <li><i> to rectify an error or irregularity of which he becomes aware in any manner, within the Correction Period...</i> (The Correction Period is usually 30 minutes after the final entry of the scores)</li> <li><i> to assess rectification when applicable and to exercise the powers given him...</i> (to penalise or suspend players)</li> <li><i> to waive rectification for cause, in his discretion, upon the request of the non-offending side.</i></li> <li><i> to adjust disputes.</i></li> <li><i> to refer any matter to an appropriate committee.</i></li> <li><i> to report the results for the official record if the Tournament Organiser requires it and to deal with any matters delegated to him by the Tournament Organiser</i></li></ol> <p>Law 81 also states: <i>The Director (not the players) has the responsibility for rectifying irregularities and redressing damage</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Procedure_following_an_irregularity">Procedure following an irregularity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Procedure following an irregularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Unless prohibited by Law, any player may call attention to an irregularity during the auction, whether or not it is his turn to call.</i> (the dummy is subject to restrictions to this rule during play) and <i>The Director must be summoned at once when attention is drawn to an irregularity.</i>. A player does not generally have to draw attention to an irregularity committed by their side (Laws 9A4 and 72B2) but must not attempt to conceal an infraction (Law 72B3) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cheating">Cheating</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cheating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_bridge" title="Cheating in bridge">Cheating in bridge</a></div> <p>Law 73B2 states: <i>The gravest possible offence is for a partnership to exchange information through pre-arranged methods of communication other than those sanctioned in these laws.</i> </p><p>There have been several instances of bridge players found or accused of cheating in high-level tournaments, including in world championships. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tempo">Tempo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tempo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Players are expected to bid and play "in tempo", i.e. without undue haste or delay. Occasionally, in more complex situations, a player may need more time to consider one's bid or play options, but players may not draw inferences based on their partner's break in tempo; doing so may draw a penalty. (see example below) </p><p>In duplicate play, "stop" cards are commonly used during auctions to notify the opponents of a skip bid. After the bid is made, the next player is expected to wait 10 seconds before bidding. A quick Pass after an opponent opens the bidding with 2<span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span>, for example, strongly implies a lack of card values. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Review_and_explanation_of_calls">Review and explanation of calls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Review and explanation of calls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(Law 20) </p> <ol><li>At their turn to bid, or after the final pass, a player may ask for a review of the auction. The full auction (up to that point), including alerts, must be given.</li> <li>A player may request information about a particular call, but this risks giving <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Unauthorized_information">unauthorized information</a>.</li> <li>A player is entitled to information not only about calls made but also about relevant calls that were not made, and any inferences that can be drawn from them.</li> <li>A player may not ask a question for the benefit of their partner.</li></ol> <p>If misinformation is provided (whether inadvertently or not) and not corrected then a pair may be afforded restitution by the Tournament Director. The assumed declarer or dummy should give the correct explanation at the end of the auction but before the opening lead is faced up. (When the Tournament Director can give the last defender a chance to make another bid and the auction may continue)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Defenders may not correct misinformation until the end of the play of the hand (to do so earlier would give unauthorized information to their partner) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unauthorized_information">Unauthorized information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Unauthorized information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Law 16 states that </p> <blockquote><p>Players are authorized to base their calls and plays on information from legal calls and plays and from mannerisms of opponents. To base a call or play on other extraneous information may be an infraction of law. </p><p>When a player accidentally receives unauthorized information about a board he is playing or has yet to play, as by looking at the wrong hand; by overhearing calls, results or remarks; by seeing cards at another table; or by seeing a card belonging to another player at his own table before the auction begins, the Director should be notified forthwith, preferably by the recipient of the information. If the Director considers that the information could interfere with normal play, he may: </p> <ol><li>Adjust Positions <dl><dd>if the type of contest and scoring permit, adjust the players' positions at the table, so that the player with information about one hand will hold that hand; or,</dd></dl></li> <li>Appoint Substitute <dl><dd>with the concurrence of all four players, appoint a temporary substitute to replace the player who received the unauthorized information; or,</dd></dl></li> <li>Award an Adjusted Score <dl><dd>forthwith award an artificial adjusted score.</dd></dl></li></ol></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conduct_and_etiquette">Conduct and etiquette</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Conduct and etiquette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Law 74 deals with a correct attitude (courteous and avoid annoying other players), etiquette (e.g. paying attention, not making gratuitous remarks) and violations of procedure (e.g. boasting about success, varying tempo to disconcert opponents, trying to look at opponent's cards or where they played the card from in the hand). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appeals">Appeals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Appeals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A contestant or his captain may appeal for a review of any ruling made at his table by a Director. Any such request if deemed to lack merit may be subject to an additional sanction imposed by Regulation. (Law 92A) It is common practice for a side seeking an appeal to have to make a pecuniary deposit, which will be refunded if the appeal has merit (even if it is lost), and a side instigating an appeal without merit may also have their score reduced. </p><p>Such an appeal is normally held by an Appeals committee (usually 3 experienced players) by a Referee (A single experienced player) or by the Director in Charge. Tournament Directors, who make the first ruling, are not necessarily (or even usually), world-class bridge players, and the additional experience of an Appeals committee provides security that a correct ruling is made. </p><p>The Appeal committee may not overrule the Director in charge on a point of law, regulation or on disciplinary matters (but may recommend a change of ruling) (Law 93B3). Thus most Appeals deal with 'judgement' decisions - the use of unauthorised information (Law 16B), the effect of misinformation (Law 21), or when a claim for a certain number of tricks is disputed (Law 70). </p><p>In some bridge tournaments, players may first approach an official 'screener', who will take details and advise them, based on that information, if they may have possible grounds for an appeal. This does not affect a contestant's right to an appeal; however, it helps ensure that the Appeal committee hear appropriate cases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_Bridge_Ethics">Examples of Bridge Ethics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Examples of Bridge Ethics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_Unauthorised_Information_from_Partner_(Law_16B)"><span id="Use_of_Unauthorised_Information_from_Partner_.28Law_16B.29"></span>Use of Unauthorised Information from Partner (Law 16B)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Use of Unauthorised Information from Partner (Law 16B)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North - opens the bidding with '1 Heart' East - overcalls by bidding '1 Spade' South - responds by bidding '2 hearts' West - makes a bid of '4 Spades' </p><p>This bid by West, because it has raised the level of the auction by more than 1 (from 2 hearts to 4 spades), is known as a 'jump bid' and most regulating authorities require him to either say 'Stop' or place the 'Stop card' on the table from the 'bidding box'. North is then required to pause for 10 seconds before making their next call (this gives him time to adjust and reconsider his action). </p><p>North - immediately passes i.e. does not wait for the 10 seconds. </p><p>This, of itself, is not an infraction; however, it does communicate that North has a relatively weak hand and does not wish to do anything over the 4 spade call. This additional information communicated is 'unauthorised information' and South must "carefully avoid taking advantage" from this information (Law 73C1) </p><p>East and South both 'pass' (this finishes the Auction) - and when the hand is played, East makes 10 tricks (i.e. his contract) </p><p>It turns out that South held 2 Aces in his hand. Since it was found that "a significant proportion of the class of players in question, using the methods of the partnership" (Law 16B1b) would have doubled the final contract (the double is described as a 'logical alternative') and that South's 'pass' was 'demonstrably suggested' (Law 16B1a) by the fast pass by North, the final contract was changed to '4 spades doubled', making 10 tricks (which scores more for East-West) </p><p>(This is a specific example of abuse of a 'Break In tempo' (BIT) - most cases when a BIT occurs happen when a player thinks for a long time before making a call.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_Unexpected_Explanation">Use of Unexpected Explanation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Use of Unexpected Explanation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North - opens the bidding with '1 - Heart' East - (holding a hand with 3 spades, 1 heart, 2 diamonds and 7 clubs) - bids '3 - clubs' </p><p>However East-West are playing a convention that the actual meaning of this bid is that it shows Spades and Diamonds. West promptly alerts the bid (because it has an unexpected meaning) and, when asked, provides the correct explanation - this explanation is unauthorised information to East, who must not make use of it during the auction (or play). Note that the mis-bid by East is not an infraction. </p><p>South - passes West - bids '3-Spades' </p><p>West is actually only giving suit preference (he prefers Spades to Diamonds) however East must regard the bid as being natural (to East, he has shown clubs and partner has a spade suit and the strength to bid over the 3-club bid) </p><p>North - passes East - bids '4-spades' </p><p>With 3 card support and a ruffing value, East's hand is better than it might be and so 'carefully avoiding taking advantage of the information' he has, he raises to game. </p><p>South (who held 5 spades) then doubled (and three passes followed). </p><p>East has behaved ethically throughout the auction (West had no unauthorised information). The result of his ethics is that East-West incurred an enormous penalty. An unethical East might have rebid his clubs (such a rebid is sometimes known as 'unauthorised panic') hoping that West might realise that the club bid was natural. In such a situation a Director is likely to change the result of the hand to '4-spades doubled' and, since the club rebid was a deliberate attempt to take advantage of the unauthorised information, impose an additional penalty (Law 72C2). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060713020455/http://www.worldbridge.org/departments/laws/contents.htm">WBF Laws of Duplicate Contract Bridge</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060624174215/http://bridgeguys.com/Conventions/BridgeEtiquette.html">BridgeGuys glossary: Etiquette</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Index_of_contract_bridge_articles" title="Template:Index of contract bridge articles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Index_of_contract_bridge_articles" title="Template talk:Index of contract bridge articles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Index_of_contract_bridge_articles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Index of contract bridge articles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Contract_bridge" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">Contract bridge</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auction_bridge" title="Auction bridge">Auction bridge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bridge ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge-O-Rama" title="Bridge-O-Rama">Bridge-O-Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_maxims" title="Bridge maxims">Bridge maxims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Murder_case" title="Bridge Murder case">Bridge Murder case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_scoring" title="Bridge scoring">Bridge scoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_whist" title="Bridge whist">Bridge whist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgette_(game)" title="Bridgette (game)">Bridgette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_bridge" title="Cheating in bridge">Cheating in bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(bridge_card_game)" title="Chicago (bridge card game)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_bridge" title="Computer bridge">Computer bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">Contract bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_diagram" title="Contract bridge diagram">Contract bridge diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_bridge" title="Duplicate bridge">Duplicate bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_bridge_movements" title="Duplicate bridge movements">Duplicate bridge movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-suit_bridge" title="Five-suit bridge">Five-suit bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_(bridge)" title="Goulash (bridge)">Goulash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_contract_bridge_terms" title="Glossary of contract bridge terms">Glossary of contract bridge terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_card_by_suit" title="High card by suit">High card by suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_contract_bridge" title="History of contract bridge">History of contract bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Duplicate_Bridge" title="Laws of Duplicate Bridge">Laws of Duplicate Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masterpoints" title="Masterpoints">Masterpoints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minibridge" title="Minibridge">Minibridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuberg_formula" title="Neuberg formula">Neuberg formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_bridge" title="Rubber bridge">Rubber bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_(bridge)" title="Screen (bridge)">Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_bridge" title="Singaporean bridge">Singaporean bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_(cards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (cards)">Suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveling_scoreslip" title="Traveling scoreslip">Traveling scoreslip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_(card_games)" title="Trump (card games)">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vugraph" title="Vugraph">Vugraph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bidding" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bidding</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_hand" title="Balanced hand">Balanced hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balancing_(bridge)" title="Balancing (bridge)">Balancing (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidding_box" title="Bidding box">Bidding box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidding_system" title="Bidding system">Bidding system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_(bridge)" title="Board (bridge)">Board (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_convention" title="Bridge convention">Bridge convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_sticker" title="Brown sticker">Brown sticker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_card" title="Convention card">Convention card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_bid" title="Cue bid">Cue bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-card_majors" title="Five-card majors">Five-card majors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcing_bid" title="Forcing bid">Forcing bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcing_pass" title="Forcing pass">Forcing pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_try" title="Game try">Game try</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_evaluation" title="Hand evaluation">Hand evaluation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_point_count" title="Honor point count">Honor point count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_minors" title="Inverted minors">Inverted minors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_total_tricks" title="Law of total tricks">Law of total tricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losing-Trick_Count" title="Losing-Trick Count">Losing-Trick Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_suit" title="Major suit">Major suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_suit" title="Minor suit">Minor suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimum_contract_and_par_contract" title="Optimum contract and par contract">Optimum contract and par contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overcall" title="Overcall">Overcall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preempt" title="Preempt">Preempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared_opening_bid" title="Prepared opening bid">Prepared opening bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_fast_arrival" title="Principle of fast arrival">Principle of fast arrival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_bid" title="Psychic bid">Psychic bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_notrump_bids" title="Quantitative notrump bids">Quantitative notrump bids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_(bridge)" title="Reverse (bridge)">Reverse (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(bridge)" title="Sacrifice (bridge)">Sacrifice (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_(bridge)" title="Shooting (bridge)">Shooting (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_suiter" title="Single suiter">Single suiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_bid" title="Stolen bid">Stolen bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_pass" title="Strong pass">Strong pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeout_double" title="Takeout double">Takeout double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_suiter" title="Three suiter">Three suiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_suiter" title="Two suiter">Two suiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Useful_space_principle" title="Useful space principle">Useful space principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Void_(cards)" title="Void (cards)">Void (cards)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weak_two_bid" title="Weak two bid">Weak two bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zar_Points" title="Zar Points">Zar Points</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bidding_systems" title="List of bidding systems">List of bidding systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2/1_game_forcing" title="2/1 game forcing">2/1 game forcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acol" title="Acol">Acol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidding_system" title="Bidding system">Bidding system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Club" title="Blue Club">Blue Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boring_Club" title="Boring Club">Boring Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Base_Basic" title="Bridge Base Basic">Bridge Base Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_World_Standard" title="Bridge World Standard">Bridge World Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canap%C3%A9_(bridge)" title="Canapé (bridge)">Canapé (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_Club" title="Carrot Club">Carrot Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EHAA" title="EHAA">EHAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantunes" title="Fantunes">Fantunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highly_unusual_method" title="Highly unusual method">Highly unusual method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaplan%E2%80%93Sheinwold" title="Kaplan–Sheinwold">Kaplan–Sheinwold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Major" title="Little Major">Little Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscito" title="Moscito">Moscito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Club" title="Polish Club">Polish Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Club" title="Precision Club">Precision Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Club" title="Roman Club">Roman Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romex_system" title="Romex system">Romex system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4ffle_Spade" title="Säffle Spade">Säffle Spade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_American" title="Standard American">Standard American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_club_system" title="Strong club system">Strong club system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridge_conventions" title="Category:Bridge conventions">List of bidding conventions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Card_play" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Card play</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_play_techniques_(bridge)" title="List of play techniques (bridge)">List of play techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoidance_play" title="Avoidance play">Avoidance play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_card" title="Beer card">Beer card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddy_(bridge)" title="Caddy (bridge)">Caddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_reading_(bridge)" title="Card reading (bridge)">Card reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_(bridge)" title="Duck (bridge)">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endplay" title="Endplay">Endplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entry_(cards)" title="Entry (cards)">Entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_gambit" title="Grosvenor gambit">Grosvenor gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold_up_(bridge)" title="Hold up (bridge)">Hold up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percentage_play" title="Percentage play">Percentage play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(bridge)" title="Pin (bridge)">Pin (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_restricted_choice" title="Principle of restricted choice">Principle of restricted choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_probabilities" title="Contract bridge probabilities">Probabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revoke" title="Revoke">Revoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruff_(cards)" title="Ruff (cards)">Ruff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_(bridge)" title="Shooting (bridge)">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smother_play" title="Smother play">Smother play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(bridge)" title="Tempo (bridge)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_promotion" title="Trump promotion">Trump promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppercut_(bridge)" title="Uppercut (bridge)">Uppercut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacant_Places" title="Vacant Places">Vacant Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declarer play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Basic:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finesse" title="Finesse">Finesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_play" title="Safety play">Safety play</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Coups:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_coup" title="Alcatraz coup">Alcatraz coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_coup" title="Bath coup">Bath coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belladonna_coup" title="Belladonna coup">Belladonna coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_(bridge)" title="Coup (bridge)">Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_en_passant" title="Coup en passant">Coup en passant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_coup" title="Crocodile coup">Crocodile coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deschapelles_coup" title="Deschapelles coup">Deschapelles coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_coup" title="Devil's coup">Devil's coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loser_on_loser" title="Loser on loser">Loser on loser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimac_coup" title="Merrimac coup">Merrimac coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton%27s_fork_coup" title="Morton's fork coup">Morton's fork coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissors_coup" title="Scissors coup">Scissors coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_coup" title="Trump coup">Trump coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_coup" title="Vienna coup">Vienna coup</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Squeezes:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backwash_squeeze" title="Backwash squeeze">Backwash squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_squeeze" title="Cannibal squeeze">Cannibal squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_squeeze" title="Clash squeeze">Clash squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_squeeze" title="Compound squeeze">Compound squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criss-cross_squeeze" title="Criss-cross squeeze">Criss-cross squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_squeeze" title="Double squeeze">Double squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entry_squeeze" title="Entry squeeze">Entry squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entry-shifting_squeeze" title="Entry-shifting squeeze">Entry-shifting squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_squeeze" title="Guard squeeze">Guard squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockout_squeeze" title="Knockout squeeze">Knockout squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-simultaneous_double_squeeze" title="Non-simultaneous double squeeze">Non-simultaneous double squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_squeeze" title="Progressive squeeze">Progressive squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-squeeze" title="Pseudo-squeeze">Pseudo-squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturated_squeeze" title="Saturated squeeze">Saturated squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_squeeze" title="Simple squeeze">Simple squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_double_squeeze" title="Simultaneous double squeeze">Simultaneous double squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-suit_squeeze" title="Single-suit squeeze">Single-suit squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(bridge)" title="Squeeze play (bridge)">Squeeze play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepping-stone_squeeze" title="Stepping-stone squeeze">Stepping-stone squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_squeeze" title="Strip squeeze">Strip squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_squeeze" title="Triple squeeze">Triple squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_squeeze" title="Trump squeeze">Trump squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_squeeze" title="Vice squeeze">Vice squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkle_squeeze" title="Winkle squeeze">Winkle squeeze</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Suit combinations:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_combination" title="Suit combination">Suit combination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defender play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forcing_defense" title="Forcing defense">Forcing defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalist_leads" title="Journalist leads">Journalist leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_lead" title="Opening lead">Opening lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_10-12" title="Rule of 10-12">Rule of 10-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_11" title="Rule of 11">Rule of 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusinow_leads" title="Rusinow leads">Rusinow leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(bridge)" title="Signal (bridge)">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_signal" title="Smith signal">Smith signal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_and_organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and organizations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACBL_Youngest_Life_Master" title="ACBL Youngest Life Master">ACBL Youngest Life Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_people" title="List of contract bridge people">List of contract bridge people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sportspeople_who_competed_for_more_than_one_country#Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sportspeople who competed for more than one country">List of nationality transfers in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Headquarters" title="Bridge Headquarters">Bridge Headquarters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Players by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Australian contract bridge players">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Austrian contract bridge players">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brazilian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Brazilian contract bridge players">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:British contract bridge players">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bulgarian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Bulgarian contract bridge players">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Canadian contract bridge players">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Chinese contract bridge players">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Danish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Danish contract bridge players">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Dutch contract bridge players">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Egyptian contract bridge players">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:English contract bridge players">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fictional_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Fictional contract bridge players">Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:French contract bridge players">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:German contract bridge players">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Hungarian contract bridge players">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Indian contract bridge players">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Irish contract bridge players">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Israeli_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Israeli contract bridge players">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Italian contract bridge players">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mexican_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Mexican contract bridge players">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monegasque_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Monegasque contract bridge players">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:New Zealand contract bridge players">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Norwegian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Norwegian contract bridge players">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistani_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Pakistani contract bridge players">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Polish contract bridge players">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Russian contract bridge players">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swedish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Swedish contract bridge players">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Swiss contract bridge players">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taiwanese_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Taiwanese contract bridge players">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:American contract bridge players">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_people#People_with_Wikipedia_articles" title="List of contract bridge people">List of bridge people with Wikipedia (English) articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Contract_bridge_administrators" title="Category:Contract bridge administrators">List of bridge administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Contract_bridge_writers" title="Category:Contract bridge writers">List of bridge writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Team_(bridge)" title="Blue Team (bridge)">Blue Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Aces" title="Dallas Aces">Dallas Aces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Aces_(bridge)" title="Four Aces (bridge)">Four Aces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Base_Online" title="Bridge Base Online">Bridge Base Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Club" title="Cavendish Club">Cavendish Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockford%27s_(club)" title="Crockford's (club)">Crockford's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatasaray_Bridge_Team" title="Galatasaray Bridge Team">Galatasaray Bridge Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Bridge_Club" title="Melville Bridge Club">Melville Bridge Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Club_(London)" title="Portland Club (London)">Portland Club (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Club" title="Savoy Club">Savoy Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governing bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Bridge_Association" title="American Bridge Association">American Bridge Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Contract_Bridge_League" title="American Contract Bridge League">American Contract Bridge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Bridge_Federation" title="Austrian Bridge Federation">Austrian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Bridge_Federation" title="Brazilian Bridge Federation">Brazilian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Federation_of_India" title="Bridge Federation of India">Bridge Federation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bridge_League" title="British Bridge League">British Bridge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Bridge_Federation" title="Canadian Bridge Federation">Canadian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bridge_Federation" title="Dutch Bridge Federation">Dutch Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Bridge_Union" title="English Bridge Union">English Bridge Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Bridge_League" title="European Bridge League">European Bridge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Bridge_Federation" title="Hungarian Bridge Federation">Hungarian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mind_Sports_Association" title="International Mind Sports Association">International Mind Sports Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_governing_bodies" title="List of contract bridge governing bodies">List of contract bridge governing bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Bridge_Federation" title="Norwegian Bridge Federation">Norwegian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Bridge_Federation" title="South African Bridge Federation">South African Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bridge_Federation" title="United States Bridge Federation">United States Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Federation" title="World Bridge Federation">World Bridge Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Championships" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Championships</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridge_competitions_and_awards" title="List of bridge competitions and awards">List of bridge competitions and awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Bowl" title="Bermuda Bowl">Bermuda Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_at_the_2008_World_Mind_Sports_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games">Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_at_the_2012_World_Mind_Sports_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games">Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Invitational" title="Cavendish Invitational">Cavendish Invitational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Olympiad#Bridge" title="Computer Olympiad">Computer Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McConnell_Cup" title="McConnell Cup">McConnell Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenblum_Cup" title="Rosenblum Cup">Rosenblum Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Bowl_(bridge)" title="Senior Bowl (bridge)">Senior Bowl (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_crown_of_bridge" title="Triple crown of bridge">Triple crown of bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Cup" title="Venice Cup">Venice Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBF_Youth_Award" title="WBF Youth Award">WBF Youth Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Championships" title="World Bridge Championships">World Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_IMP_Pairs_Championship" title="World IMP Pairs Championship">World IMP Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Pairs_Championship" title="World Junior Pairs Championship">World Junior Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Teams_Championship" title="World Junior Teams Championship">World Junior Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mind_Sports_Games" title="World Mind Sports Games">World Mind Sports Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Pairs_Championship" title="World Mixed Pairs Championship">World Mixed Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Teams_Championship" title="World Mixed Teams Championship">World Mixed Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Open_Pairs_Championship" title="World Open Pairs Championship">World Open Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Pairs_Championship" title="World Senior Pairs Championship">World Senior Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Teams_Championship" title="World Senior Teams Championship">World Senior Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Team_Olympiad" title="World Team Olympiad">World Team Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Transnational_Open_Teams_Championship" title="World Transnational Open Teams Championship">World Transnational Open Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Women_Pairs_Championship" title="World Women Pairs Championship">World Women Pairs Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National and Zonal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffett_Cup" title="Buffett Cup">Buffett Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camrose_Trophy" title="Camrose Trophy">Camrose Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Nations_Bridge_Championships" title="Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships">Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Universities_Bridge_Championships" title="European Universities Bridge Championships">European Universities Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Cup_(bridge)" title="Gold Cup (bridge)">Gold Cup (bridge)</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">North American bridge Championships:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACBL_King_or_Queen_of_Bridge" title="ACBL King or Queen of Bridge">ACBL King or Queen of Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Kaplan_Blue_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs">Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_LM%E2%80%935000_Pairs" title="Bruce LM–5000 Pairs">Bruce LM–5000 Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mixed_Board-a-Match" title="Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match">Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_National_Open_Pairs" title="Fall National Open Pairs">Fall National Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Open_Pairs" title="Fast Open Pairs">Fast Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishbein_Trophy" title="Fishbein Trophy">Fishbein Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goren_Trophy" title="Goren Trophy">Goren Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Teams" title="Grand National Teams">Grand National Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilliard_Mixed_Pairs" title="Hilliard Mixed Pairs">Hilliard Mixed Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacoby_Open_Swiss_Teams" title="Jacoby Open Swiss Teams">Jacoby Open Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keohane_North_American_Swiss_Teams" title="Keohane North American Swiss Teams">Keohane North American Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebhar_IMP_Pairs" title="Lebhar IMP Pairs">Lebhar IMP Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leventritt_Silver_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs">Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machlin_Women%27s_Swiss_Teams" title="Machlin Women's Swiss Teams">Machlin Women's Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfield_Non-Life_Master_Pairs" title="Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs">Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Cup" title="Marcus Cup">Marcus Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Individual" title="Master Individual">Master Individual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-Blue_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs">Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-Spingold" title="Mini-Spingold">Mini-Spingold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Board-a-Match_Teams" title="Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams">Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mott-Smith_Trophy" title="Mott-Smith Trophy">Mott-Smith Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_Life_Master_Open_Pairs" title="Nail Life Master Open Pairs">Nail Life Master Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_199er_Pairs" title="National 199er Pairs">National 199er Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_49er_Pairs" title="National 49er Pairs">National 49er Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_99er_Pairs" title="National 99er Pairs">National 99er Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Life_Master_Swiss_Teams" title="Non-Life Master Swiss Teams">Non-Life Master Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kay_Platinum_Pairs" title="Norman Kay Platinum Pairs">Norman Kay Platinum Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Bridge_Championships" title="North American Bridge Championships">North American Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Pairs" title="North American Pairs">North American Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Red Ribbon Pairs">Red Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reisinger" title="Reisinger">Reisinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Mixed_Pairs" title="Rockwell Mixed Pairs">Rockwell Mixed Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roth_Open_Swiss_Teams" title="Roth Open Swiss Teams">Roth Open Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Knockout_Teams" title="Senior Knockout Teams">Senior Knockout Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silodor_Open_Pairs" title="Silodor Open Pairs">Silodor Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Life_Master_Women%27s_Pairs" title="Smith Life Master Women's Pairs">Smith Life Master Women's Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingold" title="Spingold">Spingold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternberg_Women%27s_Board-a-Match_Teams" title="Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams">Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truscott_Senior_Swiss_Teams" title="Truscott Senior Swiss Teams">Truscott Senior Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bridge_Championships_-_Open" title="United States Bridge Championships - Open">United States Bridge Championships - Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Trophy" title="Vanderbilt Trophy">Vanderbilt Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Zedtwitz_Life_Master_Pairs" title="Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs">Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagar_Women%27s_Knockout_Teams" title="Wagar Women's Knockout Teams">Wagar Women's Knockout Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernher_Open_Pairs" title="Wernher Open Pairs">Wernher Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehead_Women%27s_Pairs" title="Whitehead Women's Pairs">Whitehead Women's Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_LM%E2%80%931500_Pairs" title="Young LM–1500 Pairs">Young LM–1500 Pairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Publications_and_resources" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Publications and resources</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_books" title="List of contract bridge books">List of contract bridge books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Point_Press" title="Master Point Press">Master Point Press</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Bibliographies:</span></span></b> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Kantar_bibliography" title="Edwin Kantar bibliography">Edwin Kantar bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Kelsey#Publications" title="Hugh Kelsey">Hugh Kelsey bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Reese_bibliography" title="Terence Reese bibliography">Terence Reese bibliography</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Books:</span></span></b> <i><a href="/wiki/25_Bridge_Conventions_You_Should_Know" title="25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know">25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Squeezes_Complete" title="Bridge Squeezes Complete">Bridge Squeezes Complete</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cardturner" title="The Cardturner">The Cardturner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Contract_Bridge_for_Beginners" title="Contract Bridge for Beginners">Contract Bridge for Beginners</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Design_for_Bidding" title="Design for Bidding">Design for Bidding</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planning_the_Play_of_a_Bridge_Hand" title="Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand">Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Right_Through_the_Pack" title="Right Through the Pack">Right Through the Pack</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tickets_to_the_Devil" title="Tickets to the Devil">Tickets to the Devil</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_magazines" title="List of contract bridge magazines">List of contract bridge magazines</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Magazines:</span></span></b> <i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_d%27Italia" title="Bridge d'Italia">Bridge d'Italia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Magazine" title="Bridge Magazine">Bridge Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_World" title="The Bridge World">The Bridge World</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV and Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(BBC_TV)" title="Grand Slam (BBC TV)">Grand Slam (BBC TV)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External links</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Base_Basic" title="Bridge Base Basic">Bridge Base Basic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&oldid=1177137840">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bridge_ethics&oldid=1177137840</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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