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data-title="جان روآن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rowan" title="John Rowan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Rowan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86" title="جان روآن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان روآن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rowan" title="John Rowan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Rowan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89)" title="جون روان (محامى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون روان (محامى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rowan" title="John Rowan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Rowan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1701616#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician, Kentucky (1773–1843)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named John Rowan, see <a href="/wiki/John_Rowan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="John Rowan (disambiguation)">John Rowan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">John Rowan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Rowan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of John Rowan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/John_Rowan.jpg/220px-John_Rowan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/John_Rowan.jpg/330px-John_Rowan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/John_Rowan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="429" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1831</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isham_Talbot" title="Isham Talbot">Isham Talbot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kentucky%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Kentucky's 3rd congressional district">3rd</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1809</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Walton" title="Matthew Walton">Matthew Walton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Crist" title="Henry Crist">Henry Crist</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Kentucky" title="Secretary of State of Kentucky">Secretary of State of Kentucky</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office September 7, 1804 – March 1, 1807</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Greenup" title="Christopher Greenup">Christopher Greenup</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Toulmin_(Unitarian_minister)" title="Harry Toulmin (Unitarian minister)">Harry Toulmin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_W._Grayson" title="Alfred W. Grayson">Alfred W. Grayson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_House_of_Representatives" title="Kentucky House of Representatives">Kentucky House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1813–1817 1822 1824</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1773-07-12)July 12, 1773 <a href="/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Province of Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 13, 1843(1843-07-13) (aged 70) <a href="/wiki/Louisville" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville">Louisville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.">U.S.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic-Republican">Democratic-Republican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacksonian_democracy" title="Jacksonian democracy">Jacksonian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Anne Lytle</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data">Uncle of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Lytle" title="Robert Todd Lytle">Robert Todd Lytle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/My_Old_Kentucky_Home_State_Park" title="My Old Kentucky Home State Park">Federal Hill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Rowan_sig.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Rowan (Kentucky politician)'s signature"><img alt="Signature of John Rowan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/John_Rowan_sig.jpg/128px-John_Rowan_sig.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/John_Rowan_sig.jpg/192px-John_Rowan_sig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/John_Rowan_sig.jpg/256px-John_Rowan_sig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="118" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> John Rowan (July 12, 1773 – July 13, 1843) was a 19th-century politician and jurist from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>. Rowan's family moved from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> to the Kentucky frontier when he was young. From there, they moved to <a href="/wiki/Bardstown,_Kentucky" title="Bardstown, Kentucky">Bardstown, Kentucky</a>, where Rowan studied law with former <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Attorney General">Kentucky Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Nicholas_(politician)" title="George Nicholas (politician)">George Nicholas</a>. He was a representative to the state constitutional convention of 1799, but his promising political career was almost derailed when he killed a man in a duel stemming from a drunken dispute during a game of cards. Although public sentiment was against him, a judge found insufficient evidence against him to convict him of murder. In 1804, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Kentucky" title="Governor of Kentucky">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Greenup" title="Christopher Greenup">Christopher Greenup</a> appointed Rowan <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>, and he went on to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_House_of_Representatives" title="Kentucky House of Representatives">Kentucky House of Representatives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>. In 1819, Rowan was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Court_of_Appeals" title="Kentucky Court of Appeals">Kentucky Court of Appeals</a>, serving until his resignation 1821. He was again elected to the state legislature in 1823. With the state reeling from the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1819" title="Panic of 1819">Panic of 1819</a>, Rowan became the leader of a group of legislators dedicated to enacting laws favorable to the state's large debtor class. He believed the will of the people was sovereign and roundly denounced the Court of Appeals for striking down debt relief legislation as unconstitutional. He led the effort to <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment in the United States">impeach</a> the offending justices, and when that effort failed, spearheaded a movement to abolish the court entirely and replace it with a new one, touching off the <a href="/wiki/Old_Court_%E2%80%93_New_Court_controversy" title="Old Court – New Court controversy">Old Court – New Court controversy</a>. New Court partisans in the legislature elected Rowan to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> in 1824. During his term, the nascent <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a> ascended to power in the state legislature, and at the expiration of his term in 1831, the Whigs replaced him with party founder <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a>. After his term in the Senate, Rowan returned to Kentucky, where he served as the first president of the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Medical_Institute" title="Louisville Medical Institute">Louisville Medical Institute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Historical_Society" title="Kentucky Historical Society">Kentucky Historical Society</a>. In 1840, he was appointed to a commission to prosecute land claims of U.S. citizens against the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Mexico">Republic of Mexico</a>, but resigned his commission in 1842 because of failing health. He died July 13, 1843, and was buried on the grounds of Federal Hill, his estate in Bardstown. According to tradition, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Collins_Foster" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Collins Foster">Stephen Collins Foster</a>, a distant relative of Rowan's, was inspired to write the ballad <a href="/wiki/My_Old_Kentucky_Home" title="My Old Kentucky Home">My Old Kentucky Home</a> after a visit to Federal Hill in 1852, but later historians have been unable to conclude whether or not Foster ever visited the mansion at all. The mansion is now owned by the state of Kentucky and forms the centerpiece of <a href="/wiki/My_Old_Kentucky_Home_State_Park" title="My Old Kentucky Home State Park">My Old Kentucky Home State Park</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rowan_(Kentucky_politician)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and family">edit</a>]</div> John Rowan was born July 12, 1773, near <a href="/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Province of Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> He was third of five children born to <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States)" title="Captain (United States)">Captain</a> William and Sarah Elizabeth "Eliza" (Cooper) Rowan.<a href="#cite_note-capps1-2">[2]</a> His siblings included two older brothers – Andrew and Stephen – and two younger sisters – Elizabeth and Alice.<a href="#cite_note-capps1-2">[2]</a> Captain Rowan served in the 4th York Battery during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>, and after the war, he was elected to three consecutive terms as sheriff of <a href="/wiki/York_County,_Pennsylvania" title="York County, Pennsylvania">York County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capps1-2">[2]</a> Having exhausted most of his resources in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> helping establish the new United States government, Captain Rowan decided to move the family to the western frontier, where he hoped to start fresh and rebuild his fortune.<a href="#cite_note-capps1-2">[2]</a> On October 10, 1783, the Rowans and five other families embarked on a flat bottomed boat near <a href="/wiki/Redstone_Creek_(Pennsylvania)" title="Redstone Creek (Pennsylvania)">Redstone Creek</a> and began their journey down the <a href="/wiki/Monongahela_River" title="Monongahela River">Monongahela River</a> toward the <a href="/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Falls of the Ohio">Falls of the Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capps1-2">[2]</a> The travelers expected the journey to last a few days at most, but ice along the river slowed the journey, and a lack of provisions exacerbated the delays.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Three of the families disembarked near what is now <a href="/wiki/Maysville,_Kentucky" title="Maysville, Kentucky">Maysville, Kentucky</a>; the Rowans would later learn that most of these settlers were killed by <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capps2-4">[4]</a> The remaining settlers continued downriver, reaching <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>, on March 10, 1783.<a href="#cite_note-capps2-4">[4]</a> In April 1784, the Rowans and five other families set out for a tract of land on the Long Falls of the <a href="/wiki/Green_River_(Kentucky)" title="Green River (Kentucky)">Green River</a> that Rowan had purchased before leaving Pennsylvania.<a href="#cite_note-capps2-4">[4]</a> The party arrived on May 11, 1784, and constructed a fort which they dubbed Fort Vienna.<a href="#cite_note-capps3-5">[5]</a> The fort, then located approximately 100 miles from the nearest <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a> settlement, is the present-day town of <a href="/wiki/Calhoun,_Kentucky" title="Calhoun, Kentucky">Calhoun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bc272-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-hok596-7">[7]</a> The settlers at Fort Vienna frequently clashed with the <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> who used the area as a hunting ground.<a href="#cite_note-bc272-6">[6]</a> The Rowans would remain at Fort Vienna for six years.<a href="#cite_note-capps3-5">[5]</a> Concerned for the education of his children, Captain Rowan moved the family to <a href="/wiki/Bardstown,_Kentucky" title="Bardstown, Kentucky">Bardstown, Kentucky</a>, in 1790.<a href="#cite_note-hok596-7">[7]</a> There, John Rowan began his education under Dr. James Priestly at Salem Academy.<a href="#cite_note-kleber783-8">[8]</a> Salem Academy was, at the time, considered one of the best educational institutions in the west.<a href="#cite_note-capps4-9">[9]</a> Among Rowan's classmates at the Academy were future <a href="/wiki/U.S._Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Attorney General">U.S. Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Felix_Grundy" title="Felix Grundy">Felix Grundy</a>, future <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(Kentucky)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pope (Kentucky)">John Pope</a>, future <a href="/wiki/U.S._District_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. District Attorney">U.S. District Attorney</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hamilton_Daveiss" title="Joseph Hamilton Daveiss">Joseph Hamilton Daveiss</a>, and future <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_state_senator" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky state senator">Kentucky state senator</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Allen_(soldier)" title="John Allen (soldier)">John Allen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capps4-9">[9]</a> Rowan and Grundy were members of a debating society called the Bardstown Pleiades which may have been an outgrowth of Salem Academy.<a href="#cite_note-capps27-10">[10]</a> Other notable members of the society included future <a href="/wiki/Florida_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Governor">Florida Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Pope_Duval" title="William Pope Duval">William Pope Duval</a>, future <a href="/wiki/U.S._Postmaster_General" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Postmaster General">U.S. Postmaster General</a> and Kentucky Governor <a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Wickliffe" title="Charles A. Wickliffe">Charles A. Wickliffe</a>, and future Kentucky Senator <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hardin" title="Benjamin Hardin">Benjamin Hardin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capps27-10">[10]</a> Completing his studies in 1793, Rowan moved to <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Read_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Read law">read law</a> under former <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Attorney General">Kentucky Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Nicholas_(politician)" title="George Nicholas (politician)">George Nicholas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kleber783-8">[8]</a> He was <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">admitted to the bar</a> in May 1795 and commenced practice in Louisville.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-allen350-11">[11]</a> Rowan struggled financially during his early years as a lawyer.<a href="#cite_note-capps27-10">[10]</a> Nelson County judge <a href="/wiki/Atkinson_Hill" title="Atkinson Hill">Atkinson Hill</a> took an interest in Rowan, furnishing him with money to expand his law library and taking him as a business partner.<a href="#cite_note-capps27-10">[10]</a> In order to earn some money, Rowan accepted an appointment as a public prosecutor, but after securing a felony conviction against a young man in his first case, he was so troubled that he resigned the office and resolved never again to play the role of prosecutor.<a href="#cite_note-capps27-10">[10]</a> For the remainder of his career, he always represented defendants.<a href="#cite_note-little177-12">[12]</a> An advocate of education, Rowan allowed several prominent young law students to study in his office, including future <a href="/wiki/U.S._Treasury_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Treasury Secretary">U.S. Treasury Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)">James Guthrie</a>, future <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/John_McKinley" title="John McKinley">John McKinley</a>, and future <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Governor">Kentucky Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_W._Powell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazarus W. Powell">Lazarus W. Powell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capps10-13">[13]</a> Rowan married Anne Lytle on October 29, 1794.<a href="#cite_note-kleber783-8">[8]</a> She was the daughter of Captain <a href="/wiki/Lytle_family" title="Lytle family">William Lytle</a>, one of the early settlers of <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio">Cincinnati, Ohio</a>, and by this marriage Rowan became the uncle of Ohio congressman <a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Lytle" title="Robert Todd Lytle">Robert Todd Lytle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-20bio-14">[14]</a> Rowan and his wife – who he affectionately nicknamed "Nancy" – had nine children: Eliza Cooper (Rowan) Harney, Mary Jane (Rowan) Steele, William Lytle Rowan, Atkinson Hill Rowan, John Rowan Jr., Josephine Daviess (Rowan) Clark, Ann (Rowan) Buchanan, Alice Douglass (Rowan) Shaw Wakefield, and Elizabeth (Rowan) Hughes.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Atkinson Hill Rowan served as an emissary to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capps18-16">[16]</a> John Rowan Jr. was appointed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Italy">U.S. Chargé d'Affaires to Naples</a> by President <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a>, serving from 1848 to 1849.<a href="#cite_note-20bio-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-capps18-16">[16]</a> Ann Rowan married <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rodes_Buchanan" title="Joseph Rodes Buchanan">Joseph Rodes Buchanan</a>, a noted physician of <a href="/wiki/Covington,_Kentucky" title="Covington, Kentucky">Covington, Kentucky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capps18-16">[16]</a> In 1795, Rowan began construction of <a href="/wiki/My_Old_Kentucky_Home_State_Park" title="My Old Kentucky Home State Park">Federal Hill</a>, his family estate, on land that his father-in-law gave him as a wedding present.<a href="#cite_note-capps4-9">[9]</a> Due to limited financial resources, the time required to import building materials from the east, and the craftsmanship required to construct the large home, the mansion was not completed until 1818.<a href="#cite_note-capps5-17">[17]</a> After a fire destroyed the log cabin in which the Rowans lived in 1812, they moved into the part of the mansion that was completed, and continued to live there while construction on the rest of the house was finished.<a href="#cite_note-capps5-17">[17]</a> Federal Hill was once believed to be the first brick house constructed in the state of Kentucky, but more modern sources give the designation to the <a href="/wiki/William_Whitley_House" class="mw-redirect" title="William Whitley House">William Whitley House</a>, also known as Sportsman's Hill, which was completed in 1794 near <a href="/wiki/Crab_Orchard,_Kentucky" title="Crab Orchard, Kentucky">Crab Orchard, Kentucky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hok596-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Rowan owned slaves.<a href="#cite_note-Congress_slaveowners-20">[20]</a> He identified with the <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a> and espoused the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jeffersonian</a> principles of limited government and individual liberty.<a href="#cite_note-kleber783-8">[8]</a> He was chosen to represent <a href="/wiki/Nelson_County,_Kentucky" title="Nelson County, Kentucky">Nelson County</a> at the constitutional convention held at <a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort, Kentucky</a>, in 1799 to draft the second <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Constitution">Kentucky Constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kleber783-8">[8]</a> As a delegate, he advocated the supremacy of the legislative branch over the executive and judicial branches, which he believed provided ordinary citizens a greater role in state government.<a href="#cite_note-kleber783-8">[8]</a> The constitution adopted by the convention abolished the use of electors to choose the governor and state senators, providing for the <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">direct election</a> of these officers instead.<a href="#cite_note-kleber783-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duel_with_Dr._James_Chambers">Duel with Dr. James Chambers</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rowan_(Kentucky_politician)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Duel with Dr. James Chambers">edit</a>]</div> Rowan was known throughout his life as an avid gamester.<a href="#cite_note-little33-21">[21]</a> On January 29, 1801, Rowan joined Dr. James Chambers and three other men for a game of cards at Duncan McLean's Tavern in Bardstown.<a href="#cite_note-hibbs26-22">[22]</a> After several beers and games of <a href="/wiki/Whist" title="Whist">whist</a>, Chambers suggested playing <a href="/wiki/Blackjack" title="Blackjack">Vingt-et-un</a> for money instead.<a href="#cite_note-hibbs26-22">[22]</a> Rowan had determined not to gamble during this session of gaming, but impaired by the alcohol, he agreed.<a href="#cite_note-hibbs26-22">[22]</a> After a few hands, an argument broke out between Chambers and Rowan.<a href="#cite_note-hibbs26-22">[22]</a> The exact nature of the argument is not known. Some accounts claim it was over who was better able to speak <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>; others suggest that general insults were exchanged between the two men.<a href="#cite_note-hibbs26-22">[22]</a> A brief scuffle followed the disagreement.<a href="#cite_note-hibbs26-22">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_M._Bibb_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white-haired man sitting in a chair and clutching a walking cane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/George_M._Bibb_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/220px-George_M._Bibb_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/George_M._Bibb_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/330px-George_M._Bibb_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/George_M._Bibb_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/440px-George_M._Bibb_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2872" data-file-height="4312" /></a><figcaption>George M. Bibb served as Rowan's second in his duel with Chambers.</figcaption></figure> How the matter escalated to a <a href="/wiki/Duel" title="Duel">duel</a> is also the subject of some uncertainty. In his biography of Benjamin Hardin, Lucious P. Little recounts that Chambers immediately challenged Rowan to a duel.<a href="#cite_note-little178-23">[23]</a> According to Little, Rowan, embarrassed at his behavior, refused the challenge and repeatedly apologized for his actions, but Chambers was insistent on the duel and continued hurling insults of growing severity at Rowan until Rowan accepted the challenge.<a href="#cite_note-little178-23">[23]</a> A letter from <a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">George M. Bibb</a>, published a year after the event and reprinted in 1912 in the Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society, claims that Chambers' challenge was issued through a letter delivered to Rowan by Chambers' friend, Major John Bullock, on January 31, 1801.<a href="#cite_note-johnston28-24">[24]</a> Bibb claims that he and Rowan had, after the night of the incident, gone to nearby <a href="/wiki/Bullitt_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullitt County">Bullitt County</a> on business, that Rowan had returned first, and that Rowan showed Bibb the letter upon his return on February 1.<a href="#cite_note-johnston28-24">[24]</a> Bullock served as Chambers' second for the duel; Bibb acted as second for Rowan.<a href="#cite_note-johnston28-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> According to Bibb, he and Bullock met on February 1 to discuss the parameters for the duel.<a href="#cite_note-johnston28-24">[24]</a> Bullock proposed that the matter be dropped, but Bibb insisted that Chambers would have to retract his challenge, to which Bullock would not consent.<a href="#cite_note-johnston28-24">[24]</a> The duel was held February 3, 1801, near Bardstown.<a href="#cite_note-kleber783-8">[8]</a> Both combatants missed with their first shots.<a href="#cite_note-hibbs26-22">[22]</a> Both men fired again, and Rowan's second shot struck Chambers, wounding him severely.<a href="#cite_note-hibbs26-22">[22]</a> (Bibb's account says that Chambers was struck in the left side; other accounts state that the shot hit Chambers in the chest.)<a href="#cite_note-hibbs26-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-johnston28-24">[24]</a> Rowan then offered his carriage to take Chambers to town for medical attention, and Chambers asked that Rowan not be prosecuted.<a href="#cite_note-hibbs27-26">[26]</a> Despite medical aid, Chambers died the following day.<a href="#cite_note-hibbs27-26">[26]</a> Public sentiment was against Rowan in the matter of his duel with Chambers.<a href="#cite_note-little178-23">[23]</a> Soon after the duel, friends of Chambers formed a <a href="/wiki/Posse_comitatus_(common_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Posse comitatus (common law)">posse</a> and rode toward Rowan's house.<a href="#cite_note-little178-23">[23]</a> Rowan concocted a ruse whereby he dressed a family slave in his coat and hat and sent him riding from the house on horseback.<a href="#cite_note-little179-27">[27]</a> The posse was fooled into thinking the slave was Rowan and gave chase, but the slave escaped and Rowan's life was spared as well.<a href="#cite_note-little179-27">[27]</a> Days later, the owner of the land where the duel had taken place swore out a warrant for Rowan's arrest for murder.<a href="#cite_note-hibbs27-26">[26]</a> Some accounts hold that, as <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth%27s_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth's Attorney">Commonwealth's Attorney</a>, Rowan's friend Felix Grundy would have been responsible for prosecuting the case against Rowan and that Grundy resigned the position to avoid prosecuting his friend.<a href="#cite_note-little179-27">[27]</a> Grundy's biographer, John Roderick Heller, admits that this was possible, although no evidence exists to confirm it.<a href="#cite_note-heller38-28">[28]</a> Heller also points out that Grundy was Commonwealth's Attorney not in Nelson County (the location of Bardstown), but in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Kentucky" title="Washington County, Kentucky">Washington County</a> at the time.<a href="#cite_note-heller38-28">[28]</a> Joseph Hamilton Daveiss and Colonel William Allen served as counsel for Rowan.<a href="#cite_note-little179-27">[27]</a> The judge opined that there was insufficient evidence to send the case to a <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a>, and Rowan was released.<a href="#cite_note-little179-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretary_of_State_and_early_legislative_career">Secretary of State and early legislative career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rowan_(Kentucky_politician)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Secretary of State and early legislative career">edit</a>]</div> Shortly after his duel with Chambers, Rowan moved to Frankfort, Kentucky, the state capital.<a href="#cite_note-capps6-29">[29]</a> In 1802, he was one of 32 men who signed a pledge to bring <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> to <a href="/wiki/Transylvania_University" title="Transylvania University">Transylvania University</a> as superintendent.<a href="#cite_note-capps9-30">[30]</a> This action began a long relationship between Rowan and Transylvania, and the university presented him with an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> degree in 1823.<a href="#cite_note-capps9-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Kentucky" title="Governor of Kentucky">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Greenup" title="Christopher Greenup">Christopher Greenup</a> appointed Rowan <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Kentucky" title="Secretary of State of Kentucky">Secretary of State</a> in 1804.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-kleber783-8">[8]</a> He served until 1806, when he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> He represented <a href="/wiki/Kentucky%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Kentucky's 3rd congressional district">Kentucky's Third District</a> (which included Bardstown) during the <a href="/wiki/10th_United_States_Congress" title="10th United States Congress">Tenth Congress</a> from March 4, 1807, to March 3, 1809, even though he did not reside in that district at the time.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-bc272-6">[6]</a> The first major congressional debate in which Rowan participated was over the election of <a href="/wiki/William_McCreery_(Maryland_politician)" title="William McCreery (Maryland politician)">William McCreery</a> as representative from <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capps40-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Barney" title="Joshua Barney">Joshua Barney</a>, McCreery's opponent in the election, claimed that McCreery did not meet a requirement in the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Constitution">Maryland Constitution</a> that a representative live in the district from which he was elected for twelve months prior to the election.<a href="#cite_note-capps40-32">[32]</a> McCreery admitted that he had moved from Baltimore to the country prior to the election but claimed that he still owned his home in Baltimore and lived there during the winter months.<a href="#cite_note-capps40-32">[32]</a> A resolution was introduced to declare McCreery the duly elected representative from Baltimore, and an amendment was added to clarify that the grounds upon which the resolution was based were that McCreery had not abandoned his Baltimore home.<a href="#cite_note-capps40-32">[32]</a> Despite his support for <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">states' rights</a>, Rowan opposed the amendment because he felt that state sovereignty was only made possible by national sovereignty and that the national legislature had the right to declare a state law unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-capps40-32">[32]</a> By giving another reason for declaring McCreery duly elected, Rowan felt this issue would be obscured.<a href="#cite_note-capps40-32">[32]</a> The amendment was defeated by a vote of 92–8, and the resolution to declare McCreery duly elected passed 89–18.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Also during the first session of the Tenth Congress, Rowan proposed that a congressional committee be formed to investigate accusations against General <a href="/wiki/James_Wilkinson" title="James Wilkinson">James Wilkinson</a> that, in 1788, he took money from the government of Spain in exchange for efforts to separate Kentucky from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> and unite it with Spain rather than the United States.<a href="#cite_note-capps40-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Aaron Burr</a> had been accused of working with Wilkinson in the so-called Spanish Conspiracy, and when Burr had approached Rowan in 1806 to solicit his services in defending Burr against the charges, Rowan had declined because he believed Burr to be guilty.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Rowan's proposal to form an investigative committee against Wilkinson failed, but he succeeded in gaining approval for a committee to investigate federal judge <a href="/wiki/Harry_Innes" title="Harry Innes">Harry Innes</a>' purported role in the Conspiracy.<a href="#cite_note-capps40-32">[32]</a> Rowan was appointed to the committee and delivered its report April 19, 1808; the report stated that the committee could find no evidence of wrongdoing by Innes.<a href="#cite_note-capps40-32">[32]</a> Rowan was not as active during the second session of the Tenth Congress, introducing no legislation and making no major speeches.<a href="#cite_note-capps40-32">[32]</a> Newly elected Kentucky Senator John Pope observed in a letter to a friend that the Democratic-Republicans in Congress disliked Rowan and were disappointed in his speaking and debating ability.<a href="#cite_note-capps41-35">[35]</a> He opined that Rowan's attempt to investigate Wilkinson had been a slap at party founder Thomas Jefferson (then in his second term as president), under whom Wilkinson was serving as <a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Commanding General of the United States Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capps41-35">[35]</a> Pope went on to write that, although Rowan personally cited no party affiliation, he was claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federalist Party (United States)">Federalist</a> caucus in the House.<a href="#cite_note-capps41-35">[35]</a> In studying Rowan's short tenure in the House, historian Stephen Fackler observed that "Rowan adhered more rigidly to the precepts of Jeffersonian republicanism than Jefferson himself, for the president compromised his principles in the national interest."<a href="#cite_note-fackler8-36">[36]</a> Fackler observed that Rowan often disagreed with Jefferson as president, and that as a result, some historians labeled him a <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federalist Party (United States)">Federalist</a>, a designation Fackler felt was in error.<a href="#cite_note-fackler8-36">[36]</a> After his tenure in Congress, Rowan was elected to represent Nelson County in the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_House_of_Representatives" title="Kentucky House of Representatives">Kentucky House of Representatives</a> from 1813 to 1817.<a href="#cite_note-kleber783-8">[8]</a> In 1817, the House debated a resolution instructing Governor <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Slaughter" title="Gabriel Slaughter">Gabriel Slaughter</a> to negotiate with the governors of <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> to secure passage of legislation requiring citizens of those states to return fugitive slaves.<a href="#cite_note-birney34-37">[37]</a> Representative <a href="/wiki/James_G._Birney" title="James G. Birney">James G. Birney</a> vigorously opposed the resolution, and it was defeated.<a href="#cite_note-birney34-37">[37]</a> The pro-slavery members of the House then rallied behind Rowan's leadership to pass a substitute resolution which softened the most objectionable language but retained the call for fugitive slave legislation in Indiana and Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-birney34-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_interim_and_service_on_the_Court_of_Appeals">Legislative interim and service on the Court of Appeals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rowan_(Kentucky_politician)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legislative interim and service on the Court of Appeals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Jordan_Crittenden_-_Brady_1855.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white-haired man wearing a black jacket, gray tie and vest, and white, high-collared shirt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Jordan_Crittenden_-_Brady_1855.jpg/220px-John_Jordan_Crittenden_-_Brady_1855.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Jordan_Crittenden_-_Brady_1855.jpg/330px-John_Jordan_Crittenden_-_Brady_1855.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Jordan_Crittenden_-_Brady_1855.jpg/440px-John_Jordan_Crittenden_-_Brady_1855.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption>John J. Crittenden and Rowan served as commissioners to settle a border dispute with Tennessee</figcaption></figure> Rowan often found himself in demand as an orator and host. In February 1818, he was chosen to eulogize his close friend, <a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a>. In June 1819, the citizens of Louisville chose him as their official host for a visiting party that included <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> and Andrew Jackson. In May 1825, he was one of thirteen men chosen by the citizens of Louisville to organize a reception for a visit by the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Lafayette" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis de Lafayette">Marquis de Lafayette</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Rowan was appointed as a judge of the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Court_of_Appeals" title="Kentucky Court of Appeals">Kentucky Court of Appeals</a> in 1819.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> During his time as a justice, he delivered a notable opinion opposing the constitutionality of chartering of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Second Bank of the United States">Second Bank of the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bc272-6">[6]</a> He also opined that the General Assembly was within its rightful powers to enact a tax on the Bank.<a href="#cite_note-fackler16-39">[39]</a> In the case of <a href="/wiki/McCulloch_v._Maryland" title="McCulloch v. Maryland">McCulloch v. Maryland</a>, the U.S. Supreme Court delivered a contradictory opinion.<a href="#cite_note-fackler16-39">[39]</a> Dissatisfied with the confinement of service on the bench, Rowan resigned from the court in 1821.<a href="#cite_note-bc272-6">[6]</a> Though his service was brief, he was referred to as "Judge Rowan" for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-capps36-40">[40]</a> While Rowan was still a justice of the Court of Appeals, the General Assembly chose him and <a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a> as commissioners to resolve <a href="/wiki/Kennessee" title="Kennessee">a border dispute with Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heller1378-41">[41]</a> The dispute had arisen from an erroneous survey of the border line conducted by Dr. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Walker_(explorer)" title="Thomas Walker (explorer)">Thomas Walker</a> years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-heller1378-41">[41]</a> Walker's line deviated northward from the intended line (36 degrees, 30 minutes north latitude) by some twelve miles by the time it reached the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heller137-42">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> commissioners, Felix Grundy and William L. Brown, proposed that, because it had been accepted for so long, the Walker line be observed as far west as the Tennessee River, with Kentucky being compensated with a more southerly line between the Tennessee and <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a> Rivers.<a href="#cite_note-heller138-43">[43]</a> Crittenden was inclined to accept this proposal with some minor adjustments, but Rowan insisted that Tennessee honor the statutory border of 36 degrees, 30 minutes north.<a href="#cite_note-heller138-43">[43]</a> The Tennessee commissioners refused to submit to arbitration in the matter, and Rowan and Crittenden delivered separate reports to the Kentucky legislature.<a href="#cite_note-heller138-43">[43]</a> The legislature adopted Crittenden's report; Rowan then resigned as commissioner and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Trimble" title="Robert Trimble">Robert Trimble</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heller138-43">[43]</a> Thereafter, the commissioners quickly agreed to a slightly modified version of the Tennessee proposal.<a href="#cite_note-heller138-43">[43]</a> In 1823, the state legislature chose Rowan and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> to represent the defendant in a second rehearing of <a href="/wiki/Green_v._Biddle" title="Green v. Biddle">Green v. Biddle</a> before the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-little326-44">[44]</a> The case, which involved the constitutionality of laws passed by the General Assembly relating to land titles granted in Kentucky when the state was still a part of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, was of interest to the legislature.<a href="#cite_note-little325-45">[45]</a> The Supreme Court, however, refused the second rehearing, letting stand their previous opinion that Kentucky's laws were in violation of the compact of separation from Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-little326-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Old_Court_–_New_Court_controversy">Old Court – New Court controversy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rowan_(Kentucky_politician)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Old Court – New Court controversy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_Court_%E2%80%93_New_Court_controversy" title="Old Court – New Court controversy">Old Court – New Court controversy</a></div> Due to the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1819" title="Panic of 1819">Panic of 1819</a>, many citizens in Kentucky fell deep into debt and began petitioning the legislature for help.<a href="#cite_note-harrison109-46">[46]</a> The state's politicians split into two factions. Those who advocated for measures that were more favorable to debtors were dubbed the Relief faction while those who insisted on <a href="/wiki/Sound_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound money">sound money</a> principles and the strict adherence to the obligation of contracts were called the Anti-Relief faction.<a href="#cite_note-harrison109-46">[46]</a> In 1820, a pro-relief measure passed the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_General_Assembly" title="Kentucky General Assembly">General Assembly</a> providing debtors a one-year stay on the collection of their debts if the creditor would accept payment in devalued notes issued by the Bank of the Commonwealth or a two-year stay if the creditor demanded payment in sound money.<a href="#cite_note-harrison109-46">[46]</a> Two separate circuit courts found the law unconstitutional in the cases of Williams v. Blair and Lapsley v. Brashear.<a href="#cite_note-harrison110-47">[47]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_T._Barry_by_C.B._King.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A man with curly black hair wearing a white shirt and tie and black jacket, holding a cane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/William_T._Barry_by_C.B._King.jpg/220px-William_T._Barry_by_C.B._King.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/William_T._Barry_by_C.B._King.jpg/330px-William_T._Barry_by_C.B._King.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/William_T._Barry_by_C.B._King.jpg/440px-William_T._Barry_by_C.B._King.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="882" /></a><figcaption>William T. Barry and Rowan were leaders of the New Court faction</figcaption></figure> Meanwhile, Rowan, who espoused the Relief position, was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1822 representing <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oldham_County,_Kentucky" title="Oldham County, Kentucky">Oldham</a> counties.<a href="#cite_note-capps38-48">[48]</a> He immediately became the leader of the Relief faction in the House.<a href="#cite_note-little106-49">[49]</a> When Relief partisans decided to appeal Williams and Lapsley to the Kentucky Court of Appeals, which was at the time the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_last_resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of last resort">court of last resort</a> in the state, Rowan was chosen to argue the appeal before the court alongside George M. Bibb and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Kentucky" title="Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky">Lieutenant Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/William_T._Barry" title="William T. Barry">William T. Barry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-little102-50">[50]</a> Their efforts failed, however, as the Court found the measure unconstitutional, upholding the decisions of the lower courts.<a href="#cite_note-fackler17-51">[51]</a> On December 10, 1823, Rowan presented resolutions condemning the Court's decision to the legislature.<a href="#cite_note-little108-52">[52]</a> The twenty-six page preamble to the resolutions laid out the Relief faction's reasoning upon the subject of debt relief and legislative supremacy.<a href="#cite_note-little108-52">[52]</a> The preamble and resolutions were adopted in the House by a vote of 56–40.<a href="#cite_note-schoenbachler105-53">[53]</a> The offending judges – two of whom had been Rowan's colleagues during his service on the Court – were summoned before the legislature to defend their decisions later in December.<a href="#cite_note-allen87-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-capps39-55">[55]</a> Following their appearance, Rowan introduced a measure to <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">remove them from office</a>; the vote in the House was 56–40 in favor of the measure, but this fell short of the <a href="/wiki/Two-thirds_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-thirds majority">two-thirds majority</a> needed to remove the judges.<a href="#cite_note-fackler19-56">[56]</a> The Relief faction then introduced legislation to repeal the law that originally created the Court of Appeals, then replace the abolished court with a new court.<a href="#cite_note-allen87-54">[54]</a> Anti-Relief partisans decried the measure as blatantly unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-allen87-54">[54]</a> Rowan was the chief defender of the measure, and after his impassioned speech on the night of December 24, 1824, it passed by simple majority.<a href="#cite_note-fackler20-57">[57]</a> In November 1824, Rowan heavily revised the preamble and resolutions he presented in the previous legislative session.<a href="#cite_note-schoenbachler105-53">[53]</a> These revised documents effectively formed the faction's platform for the upcoming elections.<a href="#cite_note-little108-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Rowan's role in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Court_%E2%80%93_New_Court_controversy" title="Old Court – New Court controversy">Old Court – New Court controversy</a> strained his relationship with his former friend, Benjamin Hardin.<a href="#cite_note-capps12-59">[59]</a> Hardin and Rowan had once been so close that Hardin named one of his sons "Rowan" in his colleague's honor.<a href="#cite_note-capps12-59">[59]</a> After the controversy, Hardin insisted that friends and family refer to Rowan Hardin as "Ben", but few people other than Hardin himself adopted the new name.<a href="#cite_note-capps12-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_in_the_U.S._Senate">Service in the U.S. Senate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rowan_(Kentucky_politician)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Service in the U.S. Senate">edit</a>]</div> As a result of the 1824 elections, the Relief faction gained a 22–16 majority in the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Senate" title="Kentucky Senate">state Senate</a> and a 61–39 majority in the House.<a href="#cite_note-little109-60">[60]</a> The pro-Relief majority in the state Senate subsequently elected Rowan to the U.S. Senate, which had the inadvertent effect of weakening the faction's cause in the House by removing its leader there.<a href="#cite_note-little138-61">[61]</a> Rowan served in the Senate from March 4, 1825, to March 3, 1831.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-first Congress">Twenty-first Congress</a>, he was chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Judiciary Committee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> On April 10, 1826, Rowan sponsored an amendment to legislation to reorganize the federal judiciary that would have required seven justices to concur with a decision in order to strike down a law as unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-little179-27">[27]</a> The amendment, which ultimately failed, was offered in the aftermath of a decision by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> declaring an occupying claimant law to be unconstitutional; Rowan personally disagreed with the Court's decision.<a href="#cite_note-little179-27">[27]</a> Rowan offered another amendment providing that ministers of the federal courts would be subject to state laws when carrying out the decisions of the federal courts.<a href="#cite_note-capps41-35">[35]</a> After a month of debate, the entire bill was tabled.<a href="#cite_note-capps42-62">[62]</a> An ally of Senator <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard Mentor Johnson</a>, who was a primary voice against the practice of debt imprisonment, Rowan made a notable speech denouncing the practice on the Senate floor in 1828.<a href="#cite_note-little179-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-bc273-63">[63]</a> A consistent opponent of <a href="/wiki/Internal_improvements" title="Internal improvements">internal improvements</a> and tariffs, even those that would benefit his own constituents, he voted against a measure allocating federal funds for the construction of a road connecting the cities of Lexington and Maysville.<a href="#cite_note-fackler24-64">[64]</a> The vote was ill-received by the people of the state, and Rowan's popularity took a significant hit.<a href="#cite_note-fackler24-64">[64]</a> When the bill was re-introduced in the next congressional session, Rowan voted for it only after receiving significant pressure from the state legislature to do so.<a href="#cite_note-fackler24-64">[64]</a> The bill passed in this session, but newly elected president Andrew Jackson <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">vetoed</a> it.<a href="#cite_note-fackler24-64">[64]</a> In the state legislative elections of 1830, the ascendent <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a> gained control of both houses of the General Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-little156-65">[65]</a> Rowan's strict adherence to Jeffersonian democracy and leadership of the New Court faction during the court controversy of the 1820s had put him at odds with Whig founder Henry Clay.<a href="#cite_note-capps12-59">[59]</a> By this time, however, not even Rowan's fellow Democrats endorsed his re-election.<a href="#cite_note-fackler25-66">[66]</a> Henry Clay was elected instead.<a href="#cite_note-fackler25-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_legacy">Later life and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rowan_(Kentucky_politician)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later life and legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:My_Old_Kentucky_Home_Mansion.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A two-story, brick home with thirteen windows with black shutters and several bushes growing in front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/My_Old_Kentucky_Home_Mansion.png/220px-My_Old_Kentucky_Home_Mansion.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/My_Old_Kentucky_Home_Mansion.png/330px-My_Old_Kentucky_Home_Mansion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/My_Old_Kentucky_Home_Mansion.png/440px-My_Old_Kentucky_Home_Mansion.png 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Rowan's Federal Hill mansion is now part of <a href="/wiki/My_Old_Kentucky_Home_State_Park" title="My Old Kentucky Home State Park">My Old Kentucky Home State Park</a></figcaption></figure> After his service in the Senate, Rowan returned to Kentucky, dividing his time between Louisville and Bardstown.<a href="#cite_note-kleber783-8">[8]</a> During an epidemic of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> that spread through Bardstown in 1833, three of Rowan's children (William, Atkinson, and Mary Jane) died.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The spouses of William and Mary Jane also died of cholera, as did Mary Jane's daughter, and Rowan's sister Elizabeth and her husband.<a href="#cite_note-capps21-68">[68]</a> Aid from Bishop Joseph Flaget and a group of nuns who traveled to Federal Hill during the epidemic probably spared the life of Rowan's orphaned granddaughter, Eliza Rowan Harney.<a href="#cite_note-capps21-68">[68]</a> In 1836, Rowan and two other men founded the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Medical_Institute" title="Louisville Medical Institute">Louisville Medical Institute</a>, the forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">University of Louisville</a> medical school.<a href="#cite_note-capps9-30">[30]</a> The next year, Rowan was chosen as the school's first president, serving in that capacity until 1842.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> He also served as the first president of the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Historical_Society" title="Kentucky Historical Society">Kentucky Historical Society</a> from 1838 until his death.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> In his last act of public service, in 1839 Rowan was appointed as a commissioner to adjust land claims of U.S. citizens against the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Mexico">Republic of Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> During an adjournment of the commission in 1842, Rowan returned to Kentucky to visit relatives.<a href="#cite_note-little180-70">[70]</a> While there, he fell ill and was unable to return to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>; consequently, he resigned his commission.<a href="#cite_note-capps46-71">[71]</a> Rowan died July 13, 1843.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> He was interred in the family burial ground at Federal Hill.<a href="#cite_note-congbio-1">[1]</a> In his will, Rowan specified that no marker should be placed over his grave, noting that his parents' graves had no markers, and he did not want to be honored above his parents.<a href="#cite_note-capps25-72">[72]</a> Several years later, members of his family placed a marker over his grave, despite his wishes.<a href="#cite_note-capps25-72">[72]</a> According to legend, the marker frequently tumbles from its base, purportedly a manifestation of Rowan haunting his grave.<a href="#cite_note-hauck-73">[73]</a> Cousin of the Rowan family, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Collins_Foster" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Collins Foster">Stephen Collins Foster</a>, was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a>'s anti-slavery novel <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a> to write his ballad <a href="/wiki/My_Old_Kentucky_Home" title="My Old Kentucky Home">My Old Kentucky Home</a>. The song was not associated with Federal Hill until after the Civil War, and Stephen likely never visited the site, as attested by his biographers such as John Tasker Howard, William Austin, Ken Emerson, and JoAnne O’Connell. The mansion remained in the possession of Judge Rowan's family until 1922, when his granddaughter, Madge (Rowan) Frost, sold it to the state of Kentucky to be preserved as a state shrine.<a href="#cite_note-kleber312-74">[74]</a> Today, it is a part of <a href="/wiki/My_Old_Kentucky_Home_State_Park" title="My Old Kentucky Home State Park">My Old Kentucky Home State Park</a> in Bardstown.<a href="#cite_note-myth-75">[75]</a> In 1856, the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_General_Assembly" title="Kentucky General Assembly">Kentucky General Assembly</a> created a new county from parts of <a href="/wiki/Fleming_County,_Kentucky" title="Fleming County, Kentucky">Fleming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Kentucky" title="Morgan County, Kentucky">Morgan</a> counties and named it <a href="/wiki/Rowan_County,_Kentucky" title="Rowan County, Kentucky">Rowan County</a> in Rowan's honor.<a href="#cite_note-kleber783-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rowan_(Kentucky_politician)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-congbio-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congbio_1-11">l</a> "Rowan, John". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress </li> <li id="cite_note-capps1-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps1_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps1_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps1_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps1_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps1_2-4">e</a> Capps, p. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Capps, pp. 1–2 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps2-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps2_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps2_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps2_4-2">c</a> Capps, p. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps3-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps3_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps3_5-1">b</a> Capps, p. 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-bc272-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bc272_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bc272_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bc272_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bc272_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bc272_6-4">e</a> Biographical Cyclopedia, p. 272 </li> <li id="cite_note-hok596-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hok596_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hok596_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hok596_7-2">c</a> Connelley and Coulter, p. 596 </li> <li id="cite_note-kleber783-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kleber783_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kleber783_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kleber783_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kleber783_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kleber783_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kleber783_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kleber783_8-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kleber783_8-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kleber783_8-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kleber783_8-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kleber783_8-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kleber783_8-11">l</a> Kleber, "Rowan, John", p. 783 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps4-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps4_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps4_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps4_9-2">c</a> Capps, p. 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps27-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps27_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps27_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps27_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps27_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps27_10-4">e</a> Capps, p. 27 </li> <li id="cite_note-allen350-11"><a href="#cite_ref-allen350_11-0">^</a> Allen, p. 350 </li> <li id="cite_note-little177-12"><a href="#cite_ref-little177_12-0">^</a> Little, p. 177 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps10-13"><a href="#cite_ref-capps10_13-0">^</a> Capps, p. 10 </li> <li id="cite_note-20bio-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-20bio_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-20bio_14-1">b</a> "Rowan, John". The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Capps, pp. 7, 17–19 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps18-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps18_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps18_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps18_16-2">c</a> Capps, p. 18 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps5-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps5_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps5_17-1">b</a> Capps, p. 5 </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parks.ky.gov/parks/historicsites/william-whitley/default.aspx">"William Whitley House State Historic Site – Kentucky State Parks"</a>. parks.ky.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160227010123/http://www.parks.ky.gov/parks/historicsites/william-whitley/default.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=parks.ky.gov&rft.atitle=William+Whitley+House+State+Historic+Site+%E2%80%93+Kentucky+State+Parks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparks.ky.gov%2Fparks%2Fhistoricsites%2Fwilliam-whitley%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Federal Writers' Project of the Work Projects Administration for the State of Kentucky (1996). F. Kevin Simon, ed. The WPA Guide to Kentucky. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. p. 128. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-0865-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-0865-9">0-8131-0865-9</a>. Retrieved November 24, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-Congress_slaveowners-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Congress_slaveowners_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/interactive/2022/congress-slaveowners-names-list/">"Congress slaveowners"</a>, The Washington Post, January 13, 2022, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123010807/https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/interactive/2022/congress-slaveowners-names-list/">archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2023, retrieved July 5, 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Congress+slaveowners&rft.date=2022-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fhistory%2Finteractive%2F2022%2Fcongress-slaveowners-names-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-little33-21"><a href="#cite_ref-little33_21-0">^</a> Little, p. 33 </li> <li id="cite_note-hibbs26-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hibbs26_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hibbs26_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hibbs26_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hibbs26_22-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hibbs26_22-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hibbs26_22-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hibbs26_22-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hibbs26_22-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hibbs26_22-8">i</a> Hibbs, p. 26 </li> <li id="cite_note-little178-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-little178_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little178_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little178_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little178_23-3">d</a> Little, p. 178 </li> <li id="cite_note-johnston28-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-johnston28_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnston28_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnston28_24-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnston28_24-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnston28_24-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnston28_24-5">f</a> Johnston, p. 28 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Some accounts hold that Joseph Hamilton Daveiss and Colonel William Allen acted as Rowan's seconds. These accounts are apparently in error. </li> <li id="cite_note-hibbs27-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hibbs27_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hibbs27_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hibbs27_26-2">c</a> Hibbs, p. 27 </li> <li id="cite_note-little179-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-little179_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little179_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little179_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little179_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little179_27-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little179_27-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little179_27-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little179_27-7">h</a> Little, p. 179 </li> <li id="cite_note-heller38-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heller38_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heller38_28-1">b</a> Heller, p. 38 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps6-29"><a href="#cite_ref-capps6_29-0">^</a> Capps, p. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps9-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps9_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps9_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps9_30-2">c</a> Capps, p. 9 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080912035825/http://apps.sos.ky.gov/secdesk/sosinfo/default.aspx">"Secretaries of State"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.sos.ky.gov/secdesk/sosinfo/default.aspx">the original</a> on September 12, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Secretaries+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.sos.ky.gov%2Fsecdesk%2Fsosinfo%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-capps40-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps40_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps40_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps40_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps40_32-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps40_32-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps40_32-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps40_32-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps40_32-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps40_32-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps40_32-9">j</a> Capps, p. 40 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Cases of contested elections in Congress, pp. 220–221 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Capps, pp. 28–40 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps41-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps41_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps41_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps41_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps41_35-3">d</a> Capps, p. 41 </li> <li id="cite_note-fackler8-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fackler8_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fackler8_36-1">b</a> Fackler, p. 8 </li> <li id="cite_note-birney34-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-birney34_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-birney34_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-birney34_37-2">c</a> Birney, p. 34 </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Capps, pp. 8–9 </li> <li id="cite_note-fackler16-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fackler16_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fackler16_39-1">b</a> Fackler, p. 16 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps36-40"><a href="#cite_ref-capps36_40-0">^</a> Capps, p. 36 </li> <li id="cite_note-heller1378-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heller1378_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heller1378_41-1">b</a> Heller, pp. 137–138 </li> <li id="cite_note-heller137-42"><a href="#cite_ref-heller137_42-0">^</a> Heller, p. 137 </li> <li id="cite_note-heller138-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heller138_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heller138_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heller138_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heller138_43-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heller138_43-4">e</a> Heller, p. 138 </li> <li id="cite_note-little326-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-little326_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little326_44-1">b</a> Little, p. 326 </li> <li id="cite_note-little325-45"><a href="#cite_ref-little325_45-0">^</a> Little, p. 325 </li> <li id="cite_note-harrison109-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harrison109_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-harrison109_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-harrison109_46-2">c</a> Harrison and Klotter, p. 109 </li> <li id="cite_note-harrison110-47"><a href="#cite_ref-harrison110_47-0">^</a> Harrison and Klotter, p. 110 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps38-48"><a href="#cite_ref-capps38_48-0">^</a> Capps, p. 38 </li> <li id="cite_note-little106-49"><a href="#cite_ref-little106_49-0">^</a> Little, p. 106 </li> <li id="cite_note-little102-50"><a href="#cite_ref-little102_50-0">^</a> Little, p. 102 </li> <li id="cite_note-fackler17-51"><a href="#cite_ref-fackler17_51-0">^</a> Fackler, p. 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-little108-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-little108_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little108_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-little108_52-2">c</a> Little, p. 108 </li> <li id="cite_note-schoenbachler105-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schoenbachler105_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schoenbachler105_53-1">b</a> Schoenbachler, p. 105 </li> <li id="cite_note-allen87-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allen87_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allen87_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allen87_54-2">c</a> Allen, p. 87 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps39-55"><a href="#cite_ref-capps39_55-0">^</a> Capps, p. 39 </li> <li id="cite_note-fackler19-56"><a href="#cite_ref-fackler19_56-0">^</a> Fackler, p. 19 </li> <li id="cite_note-fackler20-57"><a href="#cite_ref-fackler20_57-0">^</a> Fackler, p. 20 </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> The full preamble can be found in the Appendix, note B, of Little's Ben Hardin: His Times and Contemporaries, beginning on page 618 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps12-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps12_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps12_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps12_59-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps12_59-3">d</a> Capps, p. 12 </li> <li id="cite_note-little109-60"><a href="#cite_ref-little109_60-0">^</a> Little, p. 109 </li> <li id="cite_note-little138-61"><a href="#cite_ref-little138_61-0">^</a> Little, p. 138 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps42-62"><a href="#cite_ref-capps42_62-0">^</a> Capps, p. 42 </li> <li id="cite_note-bc273-63"><a href="#cite_ref-bc273_63-0">^</a> Biographical Cyclopedia, p. 273 </li> <li id="cite_note-fackler24-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fackler24_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fackler24_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fackler24_64-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fackler24_64-3">d</a> Fackler, p. 24 </li> <li id="cite_note-little156-65"><a href="#cite_ref-little156_65-0">^</a> Little, p. 156 </li> <li id="cite_note-fackler25-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fackler25_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fackler25_66-1">b</a> Fackler, p. 25 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Capps, p. 20–21 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps21-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps21_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps21_68-1">b</a> Capps, p. 21 </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Cox and Morison, pp. 12–13 </li> <li id="cite_note-little180-70"><a href="#cite_ref-little180_70-0">^</a> Little, p. 180 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps46-71"><a href="#cite_ref-capps46_71-0">^</a> Capps, p. 46 </li> <li id="cite_note-capps25-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capps25_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capps25_72-1">b</a> Capps, p. 25 </li> <li id="cite_note-hauck-73"><a href="#cite_ref-hauck_73-0">^</a> Hauck, "Bardstown Cemetery" </li> <li id="cite_note-kleber312-74"><a href="#cite_ref-kleber312_74-0">^</a> Kleber, "Federal Hill", p. 312 </li> <li id="cite_note-myth-75"><a href="#cite_ref-myth_75-0">^</a> Jester, "Myth About "My Old Kentucky Home" in Dispute" </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rowan_(Kentucky_politician)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1872" class="citation book cs1">Allen, William B. (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_s_wTAAAAYAAJ">A History of Kentucky: Embracing Gleanings, Reminiscences, Antiquities, Natural Curiosities, Statistics, and Biographical Sketches of Pioneers, Soldiers, Jurists, Lawyers, Statesmen, Divines, Mechanics, Farmers, Merchants, and Other Leading Men, of All Occupations and Pursuits</a>. Bradley & Gilbert.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Kentucky%3A+Embracing+Gleanings%2C+Reminiscences%2C+Antiquities%2C+Natural+Curiosities%2C+Statistics%2C+and+Biographical+Sketches+of+Pioneers%2C+Soldiers%2C+Jurists%2C+Lawyers%2C+Statesmen%2C+Divines%2C+Mechanics%2C+Farmers%2C+Merchants%2C+and+Other+Leading+Men%2C+of+All+Occupations+and+Pursuits&rft.pub=Bradley+%26+Gilbert&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_s_wTAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028804122">Biographical Cyclopedia of the Commonwealth of Kentucky</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>: J.M. Gresham Company. 1896.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Cyclopedia+of+the+Commonwealth+of+Kentucky&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=J.M.+Gresham+Company&rft.date=1896&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcu31924028804122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirney1890" class="citation book cs1">Birney, William (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jamesgbirneyand01birngoog">James G. Birney and His Times: The Genesis of the Republican Party with Some Account of Abolition Movements in the South Before 1828</a>. D. Appleton and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+G.+Birney+and+His+Times%3A+The+Genesis+of+the+Republican+Party+with+Some+Account+of+Abolition+Movements+in+the+South+Before+1828&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+and+Company&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Birney&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjamesgbirneyand01birngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapps1976" class="citation book cs1">Capps, Randall (1976). The Rowan Story: From Federal Hill to My Old Kentucky Home. Bowling Green, Kentucky: Homestead Press, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rowan+Story%3A+From+Federal+Hill+to+My+Old+Kentucky+Home&rft.place=Bowling+Green%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=Homestead+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Capps&rft.aufirst=Randall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bQ8EfoaTBLsC">Cases of contested elections in Congress: from the year 1789 to 1834, inclusive</a>. Gales and Seaton. 1834.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cases+of+contested+elections+in+Congress%3A+from+the+year+1789+to+1834%2C+inclusive&rft.pub=Gales+and+Seaton&rft.date=1834&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_bQ8EfoaTBLsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnelleyEllis_Merton_Coulter1912" class="citation book cs1">Connelley, William Elsey; <a href="/wiki/E._Merton_Coulter" title="E. Merton Coulter">Ellis Merton Coulter</a> (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gK_Ubz-glJsC">History of Kentucky</a>. Vol. 4. American Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780598572998" title="Special:BookSources/9780598572998"><bdi>9780598572998</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Kentucky&rft.pub=American+Historical+Society&rft.date=1912&rft.isbn=9780598572998&rft.aulast=Connelley&rft.aufirst=William+Elsey&rft.au=Ellis+Merton+Coulter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgK_Ubz-glJsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoxWilliam_James_Morison2000" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Dwayne; William James Morison (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JYoVg6RogawC">The University of Louisville</a>. The University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-2142-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-2142-6"><bdi>0-8131-2142-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+University+of+Louisville&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8131-2142-6&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Dwayne&rft.au=William+James+Morison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJYoVg6RogawC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFackler1980" class="citation journal cs1">Fackler, Stephen (Winter 1980). "John Rowan and the Demise of Jeffersonian Republicanism in Kentucky from 1819 to 1831". Register of the Kentucky Historical Society (78): 1–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Register+of+the+Kentucky+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=John+Rowan+and+the+Demise+of+Jeffersonian+Republicanism+in+Kentucky+from+1819+to+1831&rft.ssn=winter&rft.issue=78&rft.pages=1-26&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Fackler&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisonJames_C._Klotter1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lowell_H._Harrison" title="Lowell H. Harrison">Harrison, Lowell H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/James_C._Klotter" title="James C. Klotter">James C. Klotter</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=63GqvIN3l3wC">A New History of Kentucky</a>. University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-2008-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-2008-X"><bdi>0-8131-2008-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+History+of+Kentucky&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8131-2008-X&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Lowell+H.&rft.au=James+C.+Klotter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D63GqvIN3l3wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHauck2002" class="citation book cs1">Hauck, Dennis William (2002). 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Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-200234-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-200234-8"><bdi>0-14-200234-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bardstown+Cemetery&rft.btitle=Haunted+Places%3A+The+National+Directory%3A+Ghostly+Abodes%2C+Sacred+Sites%2C+UFO+Landings%2C+and+Other+Supernatural+Locations&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-14-200234-8&rft.aulast=Hauck&rft.aufirst=Dennis+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6cw0HbcyrEEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller2010" class="citation book cs1">Heller, John Roderick (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u8mM8D9RVu4C">Democracy's lawyer: Felix Grundy of the Old Southwest</a>. Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-3588-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-3588-4"><bdi>978-0-8071-3588-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy%27s+lawyer%3A+Felix+Grundy+of+the+Old+Southwest&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-3588-4&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=John+Roderick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du8mM8D9RVu4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHibbs2002" class="citation book cs1">Hibbs, Dixie (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S_VInWtjZr0C">Bardstown: Hospitality, History, and Bourbon</a>. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7385-2391-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7385-2391-7"><bdi>0-7385-2391-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bardstown%3A+Hospitality%2C+History%2C+and+Bourbon&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7385-2391-7&rft.aulast=Hibbs&rft.aufirst=Dixie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS_VInWtjZr0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJester1997" class="citation news cs1">Jester, Art (July 13, 1997). "Myth About "My Old Kentucky Home" in Dispute". Lexington Herald-Leader.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lexington+Herald-Leader&rft.atitle=Myth+About+%22My+Old+Kentucky+Home%22+in+Dispute&rft.date=1997-07-13&rft.aulast=Jester&rft.aufirst=Art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1912" class="citation journal cs1">Johnston, J. Stoddard (September 1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UAg8AAAAIAAJ">"The Duel Between John Rowan and Dr. James Chambers"</a>. Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society (10): 27–33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Register+of+the+Kentucky+State+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Duel+Between+John+Rowan+and+Dr.+James+Chambers&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=27-33&rft.date=1912-09&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J.+Stoddard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUAg8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleber1992" class="citation book cs1">Kleber, John E. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyenc.org/entry/f/FEDER02.html">"Federal Hill"</a>. In Kleber, John E. (ed.). The Kentucky Encyclopedia. Associate editors: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Clark" title="Thomas D. Clark">Thomas D. Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowell_H._Harrison" title="Lowell H. Harrison">Lowell H. Harrison</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_C._Klotter" title="James C. Klotter">James C. Klotter</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>: The University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-1772-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-1772-0"><bdi>0-8131-1772-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved July 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Federal+Hill&rft.btitle=The+Kentucky+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Lexington%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8131-1772-0&rft.aulast=Kleber&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyenc.org%2Fentry%2Ff%2FFEDER02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleber1992" class="citation book cs1">Kleber, John E. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyenc.org/entry/r/ROWAN01.html">"Rowan, John"</a>. In Kleber, John E. (ed.). The Kentucky Encyclopedia. Associate editors: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Clark" title="Thomas D. Clark">Thomas D. Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowell_H._Harrison" title="Lowell H. Harrison">Lowell H. Harrison</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_C._Klotter" title="James C. Klotter">James C. Klotter</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>: The University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-1772-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-1772-0"><bdi>0-8131-1772-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved June 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rowan%2C+John&rft.btitle=The+Kentucky+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Lexington%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8131-1772-0&rft.aulast=Kleber&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyenc.org%2Fentry%2Fr%2FROWAN01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittle1887" class="citation book cs1">Little, Lucius P. (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/benhardinhistime00inlitt">Ben Hardin: His Times and Contemporaries, with Selections from His Speeches</a>. Courier-journal job printing company. Retrieved February 1, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ben+Hardin%3A+His+Times+and+Contemporaries%2C+with+Selections+from+His+Speeches&rft.pub=Courier-journal+job+printing+company&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=Lucius+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbenhardinhistime00inlitt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressR000471" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000471">"John Rowan (id: R000471)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=John+Rowan+%28id%3A+R000471%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DR000471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossiter_Johnson,_John_Howard_Brown1904" class="citation book cs1">Rossiter Johnson, John Howard Brown, ed. (1904). "Rowan, John". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LW9mAAAAMAAJ">The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans</a>. Vol. 9. The Biographical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rowan%2C+John&rft.btitle=The+Twentieth+Century+Biographical+Dictionary+of+Notable+Americans&rft.pub=The+Biographical+Society&rft.date=1904&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLW9mAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenbachler2009" class="citation book cs1">Schoenbachler, Matthew G. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6fHUTfkQXngC">Murder & Madness: The Myth of the Kentucky Tragedy</a>. The University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2566-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2566-4"><bdi>978-0-8131-2566-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Murder+%26+Madness%3A+The+Myth+of+the+Kentucky+Tragedy&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2566-4&rft.aulast=Schoenbachler&rft.aufirst=Matthew+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6fHUTfkQXngC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rowan_(Kentucky_politician)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJillson1930" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Willard_Rouse_Jillson" title="Willard Rouse Jillson">Jillson, Willard Rouse</a> (1930). Tales of the Dark and Bloody Ground: A Group of Fifteen Original Papers on the Early History of Kentucky. Louisville, Kentucky: Dearing Printing Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tales+of+the+Dark+and+Bloody+Ground%3A+A+Group+of+Fifteen+Original+Papers+on+the+Early+History+of+Kentucky&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=Dearing+Printing+Co&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Jillson&rft.aufirst=Willard+Rouse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rowan+%28Kentucky+politician%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rowan_(Kentucky_politician)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Rowan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Rowan">John Rowan</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Walton" title="Matthew Walton">Matthew Walton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kentucky%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Kentucky's 3rd congressional district">Kentucky's 3rd congressional district</a> March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1809 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Crist" title="Henry Crist">Henry Crist</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Isham_Talbot" title="Isham Talbot">Isham Talbot</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from Kentucky</a> March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1831 Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard M. Johnson">Richard M. Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">George M. Bibb</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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senators from Kentucky"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">United States senators from Kentucky</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators#Class_2" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(Kentucky_politician,_born_1757)" title="John Brown (Kentucky politician, born 1757)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckner_Thruston" title="Buckner Thruston">Thruston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walker_(Kentucky_politician)" title="George Walker (Kentucky politician)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Barry" title="William T. Barry">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_D._Hardin" title="Martin D. Hardin">Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Morehead_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James T. Morehead (Kentucky politician)">Morehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Underwood" title="Joseph R. Underwood">J. Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burton_Thompson" title="John Burton Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_W._Powell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazarus W. Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._McCreery" title="Thomas C. McCreery">McCreery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stevenson" title="John W. Stevenson">Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Beck" title="James B. Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lindsay_(Kentucky_politician)" title="William Lindsay (Kentucky politician)">Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Paynter" title="Thomas H. Paynter">Paynter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie_Murray_James" title="Ollie Murray James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Martin" title="George B. Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Owsley_Stanley" title="Augustus Owsley Stanley">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_M._Sackett" title="Frederic M. Sackett">Sackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Robsion" title="John M. Robsion">Robsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_M._Williamson" title="Ben M. Williamson">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._M._Logan" title="M. M. Logan">M. Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Stanfill" title="William A. Stanfill">Stanfill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Chapman" title="Virgil Chapman">Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Underwood" title="Thomas R. Underwood">T. Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Humphreys_(politician)" title="Robert Humphreys (politician)">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Dee_Huddleston" title="Walter Dee Huddleston">Huddleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators#Class_3" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Edwards (Kentucky politician)">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Marshall_(politician)" title="Humphrey Marshall (politician)">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Breckinridge_(U.S._Attorney_General)" title="John Breckinridge (U.S. Attorney General)">J. Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adair" title="John Adair">Adair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Pope (Kentucky politician)">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Bledsoe" title="Jesse Bledsoe">Bledsoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isham_Talbot" title="Isham Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Logan_(politician)" title="William Logan (politician)">W. Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isham_Talbot" title="Isham Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Metcalfe_(Kentucky_politician)" title="Thomas Metcalfe (Kentucky politician)">Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Meriwether_(Kentucky_politician)" title="David Meriwether (Kentucky politician)">Meriwether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Dixon" title="Archibald Dixon">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">J. C. Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Davis" title="Garrett Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_B._Machen" title="Willis B. Machen">Machen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._McCreery" title="Thomas C. McCreery">McCreery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Williams" title="John Stuart Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Deboe" title="William J. Deboe">Deboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._McCreary" title="James B. McCreary">McCreary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O%27Connell_Bradley" title="William O'Connell Bradley">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_N._Camden_Jr." title="Johnson N. Camden Jr.">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._W._Beckham" title="J. C. W. Beckham">Beckham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Ernst" title="Richard P. Ernst">Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Withers" title="Garrett Withers">Withers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_Clements" title="Earle Clements">Clements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlow_Cook" title="Marlow Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Ford" title="Wendell Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bunning" title="Jim Bunning">Bunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Judiciary_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Judiciary chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Judiciary_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Judiciary chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Judiciary_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Judiciary chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Chase" title="Dudley Chase">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burrill_Jr." title="James Burrill Jr.">Burrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(South_Carolina_senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Smith (South Carolina senator)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Berrien" title="John M. Berrien">Berrien</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Marcy" title="William L. Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilkins_(American_politician)" title="William Wilkins (American politician)">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Grundy" title="Felix Grundy">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret_D._Wall" title="Garret D. Wall">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Berrien" title="John M. Berrien">Berrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Ashley" title="Chester Ashley">Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Butler" title="Andrew Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bayard_Jr." title="James A. Bayard Jr.">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Trumbull" title="Lyman Trumbull">Trumbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_G._Wright" title="George G. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Pugh" title="James L. Pugh">Pugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orville_H._Platt" title="Orville H. Platt">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_D._Clark" title="Clarence D. Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knute_Nelson" title="Knute Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Brandegee" title="Frank B. Brandegee">Brandegee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Norris" title="George W. Norris">Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Ashurst" title="Henry F. Ashurst">Ashurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Van_Nuys" title="Frederick Van Nuys">Van Nuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_McCarran" title="Pat McCarran">McCarran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wiley" title="Alexander Wiley">Wiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_McCarran" title="Pat McCarran">McCarran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Langer" title="William Langer">Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_M._Kilgore" title="Harley M. Kilgore">Kilgore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">Eastland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlen_Specter" title="Arlen Specter">Specter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Durbin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kentucky&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_10th–21st_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kentucky&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_10th–21st_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>'s delegation(s) to the 10th–21st <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> (ordered by seniority)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/10th_United_States_Congress" title="10th United States Congress">10th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/Buckner_Thruston" title="Buckner Thruston">B. Thruston</a> (DR) · ▌<a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Pope (Kentucky politician)">J. Pope</a> (DR)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Matthew_Lyon" title="Matthew Lyon">M. Lyon</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Boyle_(congressman)" title="John Boyle (congressman)">J. Boyle</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Desha" title="Joseph Desha">J. Desha</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Howard_(Missouri_politician)" title="Benjamin Howard (Missouri politician)">B. Howard</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. M. Johnson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Rowan</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/11th_United_States_Congress" title="11th United States Congress">11th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Buckner_Thruston" title="Buckner Thruston">B. Thruston</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Pope (Kentucky politician)">J. Pope</a> (DR) </li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">H. Clay</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Matthew_Lyon" title="Matthew Lyon">M. Lyon</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Desha" title="Joseph Desha">J. Desha</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Howard_(Missouri_politician)" title="Benjamin Howard (Missouri politician)">B. Howard</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. M. Johnson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Crist" title="Henry Crist">H. Crist</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Samuel_McKee_(politician,_born_1774)" title="Samuel McKee (politician, born 1774)">S. McKee</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_T._Barry" title="William T. Barry">W. Barry</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/12th_United_States_Congress" title="12th United States Congress">12th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Pope (Kentucky politician)">J. Pope</a> (DR) · ▌<a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">G. Bibb</a> (DR)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Anthony_New" title="Anthony New">A. New</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Desha" title="Joseph Desha">J. Desha</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. M. Johnson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Samuel_McKee_(politician,_born_1774)" title="Samuel McKee (politician, born 1774)">S. McKee</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">H. Clay</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Ormsby" title="Stephen Ormsby">S. Ormsby</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/13th_United_States_Congress" title="13th United States Congress">13th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">G. Bibb</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jesse_Bledsoe" title="Jesse Bledsoe">J. Bledsoe</a> (DR) </li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/George_Walker_(Kentucky_politician)" title="George Walker (Kentucky politician)">G. Walker</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_T._Barry" title="William T. Barry">W. Barry</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Isham_Talbot" title="Isham Talbot">I. Talbot</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Desha" title="Joseph Desha">J. Desha</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. M. Johnson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Samuel_McKee_(politician,_born_1774)" title="Samuel McKee (politician, born 1774)">S. McKee</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">H. Clay</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Ormsby" title="Stephen Ormsby">S. Ormsby</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Clark (Kentucky politician)">J. Clark</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Pope_Duval" title="William Pope Duval">W. P. Duval</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hopkins_(congressman)" title="Samuel Hopkins (congressman)">S. Hopkins</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Montgomery_(American_politician)" title="Thomas Montgomery (American politician)">T. Montgomery</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Solomon_P._Sharp" title="Solomon P. Sharp">S. Sharp</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Hawkins" title="Joseph H. Hawkins">J. Hawkins</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/14th_United_States_Congress" title="14th United States Congress">14th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_T._Barry" title="William T. Barry">W. Barry</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Isham_Talbot" title="Isham Talbot">I. Talbot</a> (DR) </li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Martin_D._Hardin" title="Martin D. Hardin">M. Hardin</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Desha" title="Joseph Desha">J. Desha</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. M. Johnson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Samuel_McKee_(politician,_born_1774)" title="Samuel McKee (politician, born 1774)">S. McKee</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Ormsby" title="Stephen Ormsby">S. Ormsby</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">H. Clay</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Clark (Kentucky politician)">J. Clark</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Solomon_P._Sharp" title="Solomon P. Sharp">S. Sharp</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hardin" title="Benjamin Hardin">B. Hardin</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Alney_McLean" title="Alney McLean">A. McLean</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Micah_Taul" title="Micah Taul">M. Taul</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fletcher_(American_politician)" title="Thomas Fletcher (American politician)">T. Fletcher</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/15th_United_States_Congress" title="15th United States Congress">15th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/Isham_Talbot" title="Isham Talbot">I. Talbot</a> (DR) · ▌<a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">J. Crittenden</a> (DR)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Anthony_New" title="Anthony New">A. New</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Desha" title="Joseph Desha">J. Desha</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. M. Johnson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">H. Clay</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Anderson_Jr." title="Richard C. Anderson Jr.">R. Anderson Jr.</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tunstall_Quarles" title="Tunstall Quarles">T. Quarles</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/George_Robertson_(congressman)" title="George Robertson (congressman)">G. Robertson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Speed_(politician)" title="Thomas Speed (politician)">T. Speed</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/David_Trimble_(congressman)" title="David Trimble (congressman)">D. Trimble</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(Kentucky_politician)" title="David Walker (Kentucky politician)">D. Walker</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/16th_United_States_Congress" title="16th United States Congress">16th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Logan_(politician)" title="William Logan (politician)">W. Logan</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. M. Johnson</a> (DR) </li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Isham_Talbot" title="Isham Talbot">I. Talbot</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">H. Clay</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Anderson_Jr." title="Richard C. Anderson Jr.">R. Anderson Jr.</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tunstall_Quarles" title="Tunstall Quarles">T. Quarles</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/George_Robertson_(congressman)" title="George Robertson (congressman)">G. Robertson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/David_Trimble_(congressman)" title="David Trimble (congressman)">D. Trimble</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(Kentucky_politician)" title="David Walker (Kentucky politician)">D. Walker</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hardin" title="Benjamin Hardin">B. Hardin</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Alney_McLean" title="Alney McLean">A. McLean</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Montgomery_(American_politician)" title="Thomas Montgomery (American politician)">T. Montgomery</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Brown_(congressman)" title="William Brown (congressman)">W. Brown</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Metcalfe_(Kentucky_politician)" title="Thomas Metcalfe (Kentucky politician)">T. Metcalfe</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Francis_Johnson_(congressman)" title="Francis Johnson (congressman)">F. Johnson</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/17th_United_States_Congress" title="17th United States Congress">17th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. M. Johnson</a> (DR) · ▌<a href="/wiki/Isham_Talbot" title="Isham Talbot">I. Talbot</a> (DR)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Anthony_New" title="Anthony New">A. New</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/George_Robertson_(congressman)" title="George Robertson (congressman)">G. Robertson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/David_Trimble_(congressman)" title="David Trimble (congressman)">D. Trimble</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hardin" title="Benjamin Hardin">B. Hardin</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Montgomery_(American_politician)" title="Thomas Montgomery (American politician)">T. Montgomery</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Metcalfe_(Kentucky_politician)" title="Thomas Metcalfe (Kentucky politician)">T. Metcalfe</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Francis_Johnson_(congressman)" title="Francis Johnson (congressman)">F. Johnson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Telemachus_Johnson" title="John Telemachus Johnson">J. T. Johnson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Wingfield_Bullock" title="Wingfield Bullock">W. Bullock</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Woodson_(Kentucky_politician)" title="Samuel H. Woodson (Kentucky politician)">S. Woodson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Speed_Smith" title="John Speed Smith">J. S. Smith</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/James_D._Breckinridge" title="James D. Breckinridge">J. D. Breckinridge</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/18th_United_States_Congress" title="18th United States Congress">18th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. M. Johnson</a> (DR) · ▌<a href="/wiki/Isham_Talbot" title="Isham Talbot">I. Talbot</a> (DR)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">H. Clay</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/David_Trimble_(congressman)" title="David Trimble (congressman)">D. Trimble</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Metcalfe_(Kentucky_politician)" title="Thomas Metcalfe (Kentucky politician)">T. Metcalfe</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Francis_Johnson_(congressman)" title="Francis Johnson (congressman)">F. Johnson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Telemachus_Johnson" title="John Telemachus Johnson">J. T. Johnson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Aylett_Buckner" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Aylett Buckner">R. Buckner</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_Pryor_Henry" title="Robert Pryor Henry">R. Henry</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Letcher" title="Robert P. Letcher">R. Letcher</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Patrick_Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Patrick Moore">T. Moore</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Philip_Thompson_(Kentucky_politician)" title="Philip Thompson (Kentucky politician)">P. Thompson</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/David_White_(U.S._politician)" title="David White (U.S. politician)">D. White</a> (DR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Wickliffe" title="Charles A. Wickliffe">C. Wickliffe</a> (DR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/19th_United_States_Congress" title="19th United States Congress">19th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. M. Johnson</a> (J) · ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Rowan</a> (J)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">H. Clay</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/David_Trimble_(congressman)" title="David Trimble (congressman)">D. Trimble</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Metcalfe_(Kentucky_politician)" title="Thomas Metcalfe (Kentucky politician)">T. Metcalfe</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Francis_Johnson_(congressman)" title="Francis Johnson (congressman)">F. Johnson</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Clark (Kentucky politician)">J. Clark</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Aylett_Buckner" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Aylett Buckner">R. Buckner</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_Pryor_Henry" title="Robert Pryor Henry">R. Henry</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Letcher" title="Robert P. Letcher">R. Letcher</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Patrick_Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Patrick Moore">T. Moore</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Wickliffe" title="Charles A. Wickliffe">C. Wickliffe</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Johnson (Kentucky politician)">J. Johnson</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lecompte" title="Joseph Lecompte">J. Lecompte</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Singleton_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="William Singleton Young">W. Young</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Flournoy_Henry" title="John Flournoy Henry">J. Henry</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_L._McHatton" title="Robert L. McHatton">R. McHatton</a> (J)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/20th_United_States_Congress" title="20th United States Congress">20th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. M. Johnson</a> (J) · ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Rowan</a> (J)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Metcalfe_(Kentucky_politician)" title="Thomas Metcalfe (Kentucky politician)">T. Metcalfe</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Clark (Kentucky politician)">J. Clark</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Aylett_Buckner" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Aylett Buckner">R. Buckner</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Letcher" title="Robert P. Letcher">R. Letcher</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Patrick_Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Patrick Moore">T. Moore</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Wickliffe" title="Charles A. Wickliffe">C. Wickliffe</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lecompte" title="Joseph Lecompte">J. Lecompte</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_Singleton_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="William Singleton Young">W. Young</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_L._McHatton" title="Robert L. McHatton">R. McHatton</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Daniel_(politician)" title="Henry Daniel (politician)">H. Daniel</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Chittenden_Lyon" title="Chittenden Lyon">C. Lyon</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joel_Yancey" title="Joel Yancey">J. Yancy</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Calhoon" title="John Calhoon">J. Calhoon</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chilton" title="Thomas Chilton">T. Chilton</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Chambers_(politician)" title="John Chambers (politician)">J. Chambers</a> (NR)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/21st_United_States_Congress" title="21st United States Congress">21st</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">Senate</a>: ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Rowan</a> (J) · ▌<a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">G. Bibb</a> (J)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States representatives from Kentucky">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. M. Johnson</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Clark (Kentucky politician)">J. Clark</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Letcher" title="Robert P. Letcher">R. Letcher</a> (NR)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Wickliffe" title="Charles A. Wickliffe">C. Wickliffe</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lecompte" title="Joseph Lecompte">J. Lecompte</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Daniel_(politician)" title="Henry Daniel (politician)">H. Daniel</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Chittenden_Lyon" title="Chittenden Lyon">C. Lyon</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joel_Yancey" title="Joel Yancey">J. Yancy</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chilton" title="Thomas Chilton">T. Chilton</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Nicholas_D._Coleman" title="Nicholas D. Coleman">N. Coleman</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gaither" title="Nathan Gaither">N. Gaither</a> (J)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Kincaid_(politician)" title="John Kincaid (politician)">J. Kincaid</a> (J)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_University_of_Louisville" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#AD0000; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Louisville_presidents" title="Template:University of Louisville presidents"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_Louisville_presidents" title="Template talk:University of Louisville presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_Louisville_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Louisville presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_University_of_Louisville" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">Presidents of the University of Louisville</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mann_Butler" title="Edward Mann Butler">Butler</a> (1813–16)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Tompkins_(educator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Tompkins (educator) (page does not exist)">Tompkins</a> (1816–21)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_M._M%27Crohan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles M. M'Crohan (page does not exist)">M'Crohan</a> (1821–25)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_E._Goddard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis E. Goddard (page does not exist)">Goddard</a> (1826–29)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_F._Farnsworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin F. Farnsworth (page does not exist)">Farnsworth</a> (1837–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hopkins_Harney" title="John Hopkins Harney">Harney</a> (1838–44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)">Guthrie</a> (1844–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_Nicholas" title="Samuel Smith Nicholas">Nicholas</a> (1846–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)">Guthrie</a> (1847–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Caldwell_(died_1885)" title="Isaac Caldwell (died 1885)">Caldwell</a> (1869–85)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Speed_Pirtle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Speed Pirtle (page does not exist)">Pirtle</a> (1886–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Legrand_Burnett" title="Theodore Legrand Burnett">Burnett</a> (1905–11)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_William_Fairleigh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David William Fairleigh (page does not exist)">Fairleigh</a> (1911–14)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Younger_Ford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Younger Ford (page does not exist)">Ford</a> (1914–26)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Colvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Colvin (page does not exist)">Colvin</a> (1926–28)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Letcher_Patterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Letcher Patterson (page does not exist)">Patterson</a> # (1928–29)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Asa_Kent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Asa Kent (page does not exist)">Kent</a> (1929–43)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Einar_William_Jacobsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einar William Jacobsen (page does not exist)">Jacobsen</a> (1943–46)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_William_Stamm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick William Stamm (page does not exist)">Stamm</a> # (1946–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilkinson_Taylor_(educator)" title="John Wilkinson Taylor (educator)">Taylor</a> (1947–50)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eli_Huston_Brown_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eli Huston Brown III (page does not exist)">Brown</a> # (1950–51)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Grant_Davidson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Grant Davidson (page does not exist)">Davidson</a> (1951–68)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodrow_Mann_Strickler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woodrow Mann Strickler (page does not exist)">Strickler</a> (1968–72)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Ferdinand_Ekstrom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Ferdinand Ekstrom (page does not exist)">Ekstrom</a> # (1972–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Grier_Miller" title="James Grier Miller">Miller</a> (1973–80)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Ferdinand_Ekstrom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Ferdinand Ekstrom (page does not exist)">Ekstrom</a> # (1980–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_C._Swain" title="Donald C. Swain">Swain</a> (1981–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Shumaker" title="John W. Shumaker">Shumaker</a> (1995–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Garrison" title="Carol Garrison">Garrison</a> # (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Ramsey" title="James R. Ramsey">Ramsey</a> (2002–16)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neville_Pinto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neville Pinto (page does not exist)">Pinto</a> # (2016–17)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greg_Postel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greg Postel (page does not exist)">Postel</a> # (2017–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neeli_Bendapudi" title="Neeli Bendapudi">Bendapudi</a> (2018–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Stewart_Gonzalez" title="Lori Stewart Gonzalez">Gonzalez</a> # (2022–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Schatzel" title="Kim Schatzel">Schatzel</a> (2023–)</li></ul> # denotes interim president </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1701616#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1701616#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1701616#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000049752511">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/63887789">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/336856/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvXkgTqyQPGw4xMMtFHYP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr94008036">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007364385605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000471">US Congress</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10573352">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6xh0ckj">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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