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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_protective_decks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_protective_decks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>First protective decks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_protective_decks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early ships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breakthrough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breakthrough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Breakthrough</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breakthrough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Side_armour_abandonment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Side_armour_abandonment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Side armour abandonment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Side_armour_abandonment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elswick's_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elswick's_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Elswick's influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elswick's_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eclipse_of_the_type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eclipse_of_the_type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Eclipse of the type</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eclipse_of_the_type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Service areas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Service_areas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Service areas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Service_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austria-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria-Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Austria-Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Surviving examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surviving_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Protected cruiser</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Браняпалубны крэйсер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Браняпалубны крэйсер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бронепалубен крайцер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бронепалубен крайцер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Za%C5%A1ti%C4%87ena_krstarica" title="Zaštićena krstarica – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zaštićena krstarica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chr%C3%A1n%C4%9Bn%C3%BD_k%C5%99i%C5%BEn%C3%ADk" title="Chráněný křižník – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chráněný křižník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beskyttet_krydser" title="Beskyttet krydser – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Beskyttet krydser" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesch%C3%BCtzter_Kreuzer" title="Geschützter Kreuzer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschützter Kreuzer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucero_protegido" title="Crucero protegido – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Crucero protegido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croiseur_prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9" title="Croiseur protégé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croiseur protégé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%ED%98%B8%EC%88%9C%EC%96%91%ED%95%A8" title="방호순양함 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="방호순양함" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Za%C5%A1ti%C4%87ena_krstarica" title="Zaštićena krstarica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zaštićena krstarica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protektata_kroz-navo" title="Protektata kroz-navo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Protektata kroz-navo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incrociatore_protetto" title="Incrociatore protetto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Incrociatore protetto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%AA" title="סיירת ממוגנת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיירת ממוגנת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arvuotadenis_kreiseris" title="Šarvuotadenis kreiseris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šarvuotadenis kreiseris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantserdekschip" title="Pantserdekschip – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pantserdekschip" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E8%AD%B7%E5%B7%A1%E6%B4%8B%E8%89%A6" title="防護巡洋艦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="防護巡洋艦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armert_krysser" title="Armert krysser – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Armert krysser" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosaire_protegit" title="Crosaire protegit – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Crosaire protegit" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%85%C5%BCownik_pancernopok%C5%82adowy" title="Krążownik pancernopokładowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krążownik pancernopokładowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzador_protegido" title="Cruzador protegido – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cruzador protegido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бронепалубный крейсер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бронепалубный крейсер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Заштићена крстарица – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Заштићена крстарица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Za%C5%A1ti%C4%87ena_krstarica" title="Zaštićena krstarica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zaštićena krstarica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panssarikansiristeilij%C3%A4" title="Panssarikansiristeilijä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Panssarikansiristeilijä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korumal%C4%B1_kruvaz%C3%B6r" title="Korumalı kruvazör – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Korumalı kruvazör" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of naval warship</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Protected_cruiser" title="Special:EditPage/Protected cruiser">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Protected+cruiser%22">"Protected cruiser"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Protected+cruiser%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Protected+cruiser%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Protected+cruiser%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Protected+cruiser%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Protected+cruiser%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Cruiser_Oleg_LOC_16924u.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Russian_Cruiser_Oleg_LOC_16924u.jpg/320px-Russian_Cruiser_Oleg_LOC_16924u.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Russian_Cruiser_Oleg_LOC_16924u.jpg/480px-Russian_Cruiser_Oleg_LOC_16924u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Russian_Cruiser_Oleg_LOC_16924u.jpg/640px-Russian_Cruiser_Oleg_LOC_16924u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5038" data-file-height="2799" /></a><figcaption>The Russian protected cruiser <i><a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Oleg" title="Russian cruiser Oleg"> Oleg</a></i> was a <a href="/wiki/Bogatyr-class_cruiser" title="Bogatyr-class cruiser"> <i>Bogatyr</i>-class</a> protected cruiser</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Protected cruisers</b>, a type of <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruising warship</a> of the late 19th century, gained their description because an <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_armour" title="Vehicle armour">armored</a> <a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">deck</a> offered protection for vital machine-spaces from fragments caused by <a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">shells</a> exploding above them. Protected cruisers notably lacked <a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">a belt of armour</a> along the sides in-contrast to <a href="/wiki/Armored_cruisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored cruisers">armored cruisers</a> which carried both deck and belt armour. Protected cruisers were typically lighter in <a href="/wiki/Ship_displacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship displacement">displacement</a> and mounted fewer and/or lighter guns than armored cruisers. By the early 20th-century, with the advent of increasingly lighter yet stronger armour, even smaller vessels could afford some level of both belt and deck armour. In the place of protected cruisers, armored cruisers would evolve into <a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy cruisers">heavy cruisers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Light_cruisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Light cruisers">light cruisers</a>, the latter especially taking-up many of roles originally envisaged for that of protected cruisers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_cruiser_Izumi_at_Sasebo_1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Japanese_cruiser_Izumi_at_Sasebo_1908.jpg/300px-Japanese_cruiser_Izumi_at_Sasebo_1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Japanese_cruiser_Izumi_at_Sasebo_1908.jpg/450px-Japanese_cruiser_Izumi_at_Sasebo_1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Japanese_cruiser_Izumi_at_Sasebo_1908.jpg/600px-Japanese_cruiser_Izumi_at_Sasebo_1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2023" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>The protected cruiser <a href="/wiki/Chilean_cruiser_Esmeralda_(1883)" title="Chilean cruiser Esmeralda (1883)"><i>Esmeralda</i></a>, built by the shipyard of the <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth" title="Armstrong Whitworth">Armstrong House</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a>, was the first warship of its kind in the world.</figcaption></figure> <p>From the late 1850s, navies began to replace their fleets of wooden <a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">ships-of-the-line</a> with armoured <a href="/wiki/Ironclad_warship" title="Ironclad warship">ironclad warships</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sloop-of-war" title="Sloop-of-war">sloops</a> which performed the missions of scouting, <a href="/wiki/Commerce_raiding" title="Commerce raiding">commerce raiding</a> and trade protection remained unarmoured. For several decades, it proved difficult to design a ship which had a meaningful amount of effective armour but at the same time maintained the speed and range required of a "cruising warship". The first attempts to do so, large <a href="/wiki/Armored_cruiser" title="Armored cruiser">armored cruisers</a> like <a href="/wiki/HMS_Shannon_(1875)" title="HMS Shannon (1875)">HMS <i>Shannon</i></a>, proved unsatisfactory, generally lacking enough speed for their cruiser role. They were, along with their foreign counterparts such as the French <i>Alma</i> class, more like second- or third-class battleships and were mainly intended to fulfil this role on foreign stations where full-scale battleships could not be spared or properly supported. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_protective_decks">First protective decks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First protective decks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1870s the increasing power of <a href="/wiki/Armour-piercing_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Armour-piercing shell">armour-piercing shells</a> made armouring the sides of a warship more and more difficult, as very thick, heavy armour plates were required. Even if armour dominated the design of the ship, it was likely that the next generation of <a href="/wiki/Shell_(weapon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell (weapon)">shells</a> would be able to pierce such armour. This problem was even more poignant where the design of cruising warships was concerned, with their requirement for long endurance needing much of their displacement to be devoted to consumable supplies – even where very powerful and space-consuming high-speed machinery was not required – leaving very little weight available for armour protection. This meant that effective side belt armour would be almost impossible to provide for smaller ships. </p><p>The alternative was to leave the sides of the ship vulnerable, but to armour a deck just below the waterline. Since this deck would be struck only very obliquely by shells, it could be less thick and heavy than <a href="/wiki/Belt_armour" class="mw-redirect" title="Belt armour">belt armour</a>. The ship could be designed so that the engines, boilers and <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(artillery)#Naval_magazines" title="Magazine (artillery)">magazines</a> were under the armoured deck, and with hopefully enough reserve buoyancy to keep the ship afloat even in the event of flooding resulting from damage above the protective deck.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An armoured deck had actually been used for the first time in HMS <i>Shannon</i>, although she did rely principally on her vertical belt armour for defence: Her protective deck was only a partial one, extending from the forward armoured bulkhead of the <a href="/wiki/Armoured_citadel" class="mw-redirect" title="Armoured citadel">citadel</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Bow_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (ship)">bow</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_ships">Early ships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first of the smaller "unarmoured" British cruisers to incorporate an internal steel deck for protection was the <a href="/wiki/Comus-class_corvette" title="Comus-class corvette"><i>Comus</i> class</a> of <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">corvettes</a> started in 1876; this was only a partial-length deck, with amidships over the machinery spaces. The <i>Comus</i> class were really designed for overseas service and were capable of only a 13-<a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knot</a> (24 km/h; 15 mph) speed, not fast enough for fleet duties. The following <i>Satellite</i> and <i>Calypso</i> classes were similar in performance. </p><p>A more potent and versatile balance of attributes was struck with the four <a href="/wiki/Leander-class_cruiser_(1882)" title="Leander-class cruiser (1882)"><i>Leander</i>-class</a> cruisers. Ordered in 1880 as modified <a href="/wiki/Iris-class_cruiser" title="Iris-class cruiser"><i>Iris</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Dispatch_boat" title="Dispatch boat">dispatch vessels</a> and re-rated as second-class cruisers before completion, these ships combined an amidships protective armoured deck with the size, lean form and high performance of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Mercury_(1878)" title="HMS Mercury (1878)">HMS <i>Mercury</i></a>. They also featured a heavy and well-sited armament of modern breech-loading guns. <i>Leander</i> and her three sisters were successful and established a basis for future Royal Navy cruiser development, through the rest of the century and beyond. Their general configuration was scaled up to the big First Class cruisers and down to the torpedo cruisers, while traces of the protected deck scheme can even be recognised in some sloops.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown111_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown111-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breakthrough">Breakthrough</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Breakthrough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the start of the 1880s, ships were appearing with full-length armoured decks and no side armour, from the <a href="/wiki/Italia-class_battleship" class="mw-redirect" title="Italia-class battleship"><i>Italia</i> class</a> of very fast <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleships</a> to the torpedo ram <a href="/wiki/HMS_Polyphemus_(1881)" title="HMS Polyphemus (1881)">HMS <i>Polyphemus</i></a>. In the case of the latter, the armoured deck was of sufficient thickness to defend against small-calibre guns capable of tracking such a difficult, fast target. This was very much the philosophy adopted by <a href="/wiki/George_Wightwick_Rendel" title="George Wightwick Rendel">George Wightwick Rendel</a> in his design of the so-called 'Rendel Cruisers' <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Tsukushi" title="Japanese cruiser Tsukushi"><i>Arturo Prat</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cruiser_Chaoyong" title="Chinese cruiser Chaoyong"><i>Chaoyong</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cruiser_Yangwei" title="Chinese cruiser Yangwei"><i>Yangwei</i></a>. By enlarging the flatiron gunboat concept, increasing engine power and thus speed, Rendel was able to produce a fast small vessel and still have enough tonnage to incorporate a very thin (quarter-inch thick) partial protective deck over the machinery. Still small and relatively weakly built, these vessels were 'proto-protected cruisers' which served as the inspiration for a significantly larger ship; <i>Esmeralda</i>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:33%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>He believed the <i>Esmeralda</i> was the swiftest and most powerfully armed cruiser in the world. Happily ... she had passed into the hands of a nation which is never likely to be at war with England, for he could conceive no more terrible scourge for our commerce than she would be in the hands of an enemy. No cruiser in the British navy was swift enough to catch her or strong enough to take her. We have seen what the <a href="/wiki/CSS_Alabama" title="CSS Alabama"><i>Alabama</i></a> could do ... what might we expect from such an incomparably superior vessel as the <i>Esmeralda</i>[?] </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Summary of remarks by <a href="/wiki/William_Armstrong,_1st_Baron_Armstrong" title="William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong">William Armstrong</a> published in Valparaiso's <i>The Record</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>The first true mastless protected cruiser and the first of the 'Elswick cruisers', the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_cruiser_Esmeralda_(1883)" title="Chilean cruiser Esmeralda (1883)"><i>Esmeralda</i></a> was designed by Rendel and built for the Chilean Navy by the British firm of <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth" title="Armstrong Whitworth">Armstrong</a> at their Elswick yard. <i>Esmeralda</i> was revolutionary; she had a high speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) (dispensing entirely with sails), an armament of two 10-inch (254 mm) and six <a href="/wiki/Elswick_6_inch_naval_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Elswick 6 inch naval gun">6-inch (152 mm) guns</a> and a <b>full-length</b> protective deck. This was up to 2 inches (51 mm) thick on the slopes, with a cork-filled cofferdam along her sides. It would not defend against fire from heavy guns, but was designed to be adequate to defeat any gun of the day considered capable of hitting so fast a ship. </p><p>With her heavy emphasis on speed and firepower, <i>Esmeralda</i> set the tone for competitive cruiser designs into the early 20th Century, with 'Elswick cruisers' of a similar design being constructed for Italy, China, Japan, Argentina, Austria and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (May 2021)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Cruisers with armoured decks and no side armour – like <i>Esmeralda</i> – became known as "protected cruisers", and rapidly eclipsed the large and slow armoured cruisers during the 1880s and into the 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> adopted the protected-cruiser concept wholeheartedly in the 1880s. The <i><a href="/wiki/Jeune_%C3%89cole" title="Jeune École">Jeune École</a></i> school of thought, which proposed a navy composed of fast cruisers for commerce raiding and <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">torpedo boats</a> for coastal defence, became particularly influential in France. The first French protected cruiser was <a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Sfax" title="French cruiser Sfax"><i>Sfax</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">laid down</a> in 1882, and followed by six classes of protected cruiser – and no armoured cruisers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Side_armour_abandonment">Side armour abandonment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Side armour abandonment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> remained equivocal about which protection scheme to use for cruisers until 1887. The large <a href="/wiki/Imperieuse-class_cruiser" title="Imperieuse-class cruiser"><i>Imperieuse</i> class</a>, begun in 1881 and finished in 1886, were built as armoured cruisers but were often referred to as protected cruisers due to the limited extent of their side armour – although what armour they had was admittedly very thick. Their primary role, as with the earlier <i>Shannon</i> and <i>Nelsons</i>, was still to function as small battleships on foreign stations, countering enemy <i>stationnaire ironclads</i> rather than chasing down swift commerce-raiding corsairs. While they carried a very thick and heavy armoured belt of great power of resistance that extended over the middle 140 feet (43 m) of the ship's 315-foot (96 m) length, the belt's upper edge was submerged at full load.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Britain built one more class of armoured cruiser with the <a href="/wiki/Orlando-class_cruiser" title="Orlando-class cruiser"><i>Orlando</i> class</a>, begun in 1885 and completed in 1889. They were affected by a similar fault to the <i>Imperieuse</i> regarding their belt's submergence. In 1887 an assessment of the <i>Orlando</i> type judged them inferior to the protected cruisers<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thereafter the Royal Navy built only protected cruisers, even for very large first-class cruiser designs, not returning to armoured cruisers until the introduction of new lighter and stronger armour technology (as seen in the <a href="/wiki/Cressy-class_cruiser" title="Cressy-class cruiser"><i>Cressy</i> class</a>, laid down in 1898). </p><p>The sole major naval power to retain a preference for armoured cruisers into the 1890s was <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Navy" title="Imperial Russian Navy">Imperial Russian Navy</a> laid down four armoured cruisers and one protected cruiser during the late 1880s, all large ships with sails.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (May 2021)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protected_cruiser_schematic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Protected_cruiser_schematic.png/220px-Protected_cruiser_schematic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Protected_cruiser_schematic.png/330px-Protected_cruiser_schematic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Protected_cruiser_schematic.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>A schematic section of a protected cruiser illustrating the protection scheme. Red lines delineate the armoured deck and gun-shields, and grey areas represent the protective coal-bunkers. Note that the deck is thickest on the slopes, that the upper coal bunker is divided longitudinally to allow the outer layer of coal to be maintained while the inner bunker is emptied, and the watertight double-bottom.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elswick's_influence"><span id="Elswick.27s_influence"></span>Elswick's influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Elswick's influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <i>Leander</i> class, the next small cruisers designed for the Royal Navy were the <a href="/wiki/Mersey-class_cruiser" title="Mersey-class cruiser"><i>Mersey</i> class</a> of 1883. Derived from the previous class, these were also protected cruisers but with a full-length armoured deck for superior protection. The <i>Merseys</i> were born from a different tactical conception to their forebears and this was reflected in their armament arrangement. They were conceived as 'fleet torpedo cruisers' to carry out attacks on the enemy battle line and featured heavy guns fore and aft with excellent fields of fire. Despite public Admiralty criticism of Elswick designs, it is clear that the <i>Mersey</i> class was heavily influenced by the Italian 'torpedo ram cruiser' <i>Giovanni Bausan</i>, a design itself derived from <i>Esmeralda</i>. Thus, the British notion of the protected cruising warship was being shaped early on by the commercial export models coming out of Elswick. (For the following decade, practically any British cruiser which was seen to have eschewed very heavy firepower in favour of conservative design balance was subject to fierce public criticism, and this period coincided somewhat unfortunately with Sir William White's tenure as DNC.) </p><p>The protected cruiser remained a popular and economical type, rather stable in terms of its characteristics, right throughout the 1890s and into the early 1900s. During this period, protected cruiser designs of second- to third-class grew slowly in size, seeing few major changes to the common balance of design features. Perhaps the most significant paradigm shift came with the universal adoption of quick-firing guns by the world's navies in the middle of the 1890s; suddenly small and medium cruisers saw a swift increase in their fighting power for a slight reduction in gun calibre, yielding a very economical balance of attributes. This kept the protected cruiser competitive for a further decade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eclipse_of_the_type">Eclipse of the type</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Eclipse of the type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1910, steel armour had increased in quality, being lighter and stronger than before thanks to metallurgical advances, and <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine"> steam-turbine</a> engines, lighter and more powerful than previous <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine"> reciprocating engines</a>, were in general use. This gave rise to a new class of cruising warship, the "<a href="/wiki/Light_armoured_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Light armoured cruiser">light armoured cruisers</a>" which featured a side armoured belt (topped by a flat armoured deck) amidships and sloped armoured decks at the ends, instead of the single full-length curved deck of the older ships. With the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">oil-fired</a> boilers, more effective at generating a constant steam pressure to get the best performance from the turbine engines, side bunkers of coal disappeared from ships and this change removed the protection they had afforded, making the shift to side armour a practical choice. </p><p>The majority of pre-existing protected cruisers – products of the Victorian-era design generation – had now become obsolete: With their by-now old and worn engines degrading their already-eclipsed performance by this point; their older models of lower-velocity guns able to shoot accurately to a shorter distance than newer equivalent ships, in a period where long-range fire control was a rapidly-developing discipline with technology to match; and finally – most critically – being less well protected than the new generation of side-armoured ships. From this point on, practically no more protected cruisers would be built for the world's navies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_areas">Service areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Service areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Austria-Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cruisers_of_Austria-Hungary#Protected_cruisers" title="List of cruisers of Austria-Hungary">List of cruisers of Austria-Hungary § Protected cruisers</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Navy" title="Austro-Hungarian Navy">Austro-Hungarian Navy</a> built and operated three classes of protected cruisers. These were two small ships of the <i>Panther</i> class, two ships of the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Franz_Joseph_I-class_cruiser" title="Kaiser Franz Joseph I-class cruiser"><i>Kaiser Franz Joseph I</i> class</a> and three of the <a href="/wiki/Zenta-class_cruiser" title="Zenta-class cruiser"><i>Zenta</i> class</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Britain">Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cruiser_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy#Protected_cruisers" title="List of cruiser classes of the Royal Navy">List of cruiser classes of the Royal Navy § Protected cruisers</a></div> <p>The Royal Navy rated cruisers as first, second and third class between the late 1880s and 1905, and built large numbers of them for trade protection requirements. For most of this time these cruisers were built with a "protected", rather than armoured, scheme of protection for their hulls. First-class protected cruisers were as large and as well-armed as armoured cruisers, and were built as an alternative to the large first-class armoured cruiser from the late 1880s till 1898. Second-class protected cruisers were smaller, displacing 3,000–5,500 long tons (3,000–5,600 t) and were of value both in trade protection duties and scouting for the fleet. Third-class cruisers were smaller, lacked a <a href="/wiki/Compartment_(ship)#Watertight_subdivision" title="Compartment (ship)">watertight</a> <a href="/wiki/Double_bottom" class="mw-redirect" title="Double bottom">double bottom</a>, and were intended primarily for trade protection duties, though a few small cruisers were built for fleet scout roles or as "torpedo" cruisers during the "protected" era. </p><p>The introduction of <a href="/wiki/Krupp_armour" title="Krupp armour">Krupp armour</a> in six-inch thickness rendered the "armoured" protection scheme more effective for the largest first class cruisers, and no large first class protected cruisers were built after 1898. The smaller cruisers unable to bear the weight of heavy armoured belts retained the "protected" scheme up to 1905, when the last units of the <a href="/wiki/Challenger-class_cruiser" title="Challenger-class cruiser"><i>Challenger</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Highflyer-class_cruiser" title="Highflyer-class cruiser"><i>Highflyer</i> classes</a> were completed. There was a general hiatus in British cruiser production after this time, apart from a few classes of small, fast scout cruisers for fleet duties. When the Royal Navy began building larger cruisers (less than 4,000 long tons, 4,100 t) again around 1910, they used a mix of armoured decks and/or armoured belts for protection, depending on class. These modern, turbine-powered cruisers are properly classified as <a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">light cruisers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_cruisers_of_France" title="List of protected cruisers of France">List of protected cruisers of France</a></div> <p>The French Navy built and operated a large variety of protected cruisers classes starting with <i>Sfax</i> in 1882. The last ship built to this design was <a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Jurien_de_la_Gravi%C3%A8re" title="French cruiser Jurien de la Gravière"><i>Jurien de la Gravière</i></a> in 1897. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SMS_Hertha_1_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/SMS_Hertha_1_1909.jpg/220px-SMS_Hertha_1_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/SMS_Hertha_1_1909.jpg/330px-SMS_Hertha_1_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/SMS_Hertha_1_1909.jpg/440px-SMS_Hertha_1_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4653" data-file-height="3107" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SMS_Hertha" title="SMS Hertha"><i>Hertha</i></a> on a visit to the United States in 1909</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_cruisers_of_Germany" title="List of protected cruisers of Germany">List of protected cruisers of Germany</a></div> <p>The German <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial Navy</a> (<i>Kaiserliche Marine</i>) built a series of protected cruisers in the 1880s and 1890s, starting with the two ships of the <a href="/wiki/Irene-class_cruiser" title="Irene-class cruiser"><i>Irene</i> class</a> in the 1880s. The Navy completed only two additional classes of protected cruisers, comprising six more ships: the unique <a href="/wiki/SMS_Kaiserin_Augusta" title="SMS Kaiserin Augusta"><i>Kaiserin Augusta</i></a>, and the five <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Louise-class_cruiser" title="Victoria Louise-class cruiser"><i>Victoria Louise</i>-class</a> ships. The type then was superseded by the armored cruiser at the turn of the century, the first of which being <a href="/wiki/SMS_F%C3%BCrst_Bismarck" title="SMS Fürst Bismarck"><i>Fürst Bismarck</i></a>. All of these ships tended to incorporate design elements from their foreign contemporaries, though the <i>Victoria Louise</i> class more closely resembled German battleships of the period, which carried lighter main guns and a greater number of secondary guns.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These ships were employed as fleet scouts and colonial cruisers.<sup id="cite_ref-Groner_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Groner-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several of the ships served with the German <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Squadron" title="East Asia Squadron">East Asia Squadron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SMS_Hertha" title="SMS Hertha"><i>Hertha</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Irene" title="SMS Irene"><i>Irene</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/SMS_Hansa_(1898)" title="SMS Hansa (1898)"><i>Hansa</i></a> took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taku_Forts_(1900)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Taku Forts (1900)">Battle of Taku Forts</a> in 1900 during the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a deployment to American waters in 1902, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Vineta_(1897)" title="SMS Vineta (1897)"><i>Vineta</i></a> participated in the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1902%E2%80%931903" title="Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903">Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903</a>, where she <a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Fort_San_Carlos" title="Bombardment of Fort San Carlos">bombarded Fort San Carlos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT23011903_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT23011903-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long since obsolete by the outbreak of World War I, the five <i>Victoria Louise</i>-class vessels briefly served as training ships in the Baltic but were withdrawn by the end of 1914 for secondary duties. <i>Kaiserin Augusta</i> and the two <i>Irene</i>-class cruisers similarly served in reduced capacities for the duration of the war. All eight ships were <a href="/wiki/Ship_breaking" title="Ship breaking">broken up</a> for scrap following Germany's defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-Groner_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Groner-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_cruisers_of_Italy" title="List of protected cruisers of Italy">List of protected cruisers of Italy</a></div> <p>The Italian <i><a href="/wiki/Regia_Marina" title="Regia Marina">Regia Marina</a></i> (Royal Navy) ordered twenty protected cruisers between the 1880s and 1910s. The first five ships, <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Giovanni_Bausan" title="Italian cruiser Giovanni Bausan"><i>Giovanni Bausan</i></a> and the <a href="/wiki/Etna-class_cruiser" title="Etna-class cruiser"><i>Etna</i> class</a>, were built as "battleship destroyers", armed with a pair of large caliber guns. Subsequent cruisers were more traditional designs, and were instead intended for reconnaissance and colonial duties. Some of the ships, like <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Calabria" title="Italian cruiser Calabria"><i>Calabria</i></a> and the <a href="/wiki/Campania-class_cruiser" title="Campania-class cruiser"><i>Campania</i> class</a>, were designed specifically for service in Italy's colonial empire, while others, like <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Quarto" title="Italian cruiser Quarto"><i>Quarto</i></a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nino_Bixio-class_cruiser" title="Nino Bixio-class cruiser"><i>Nino Bixio</i> class</a>, were designed as high speed fleet scouts. </p><p>Most of these ships saw action during the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> of 1911–1912, where several of them supported Italian troops fighting in Libya, and another group operated in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>. There, the cruiser <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Piemonte" title="Italian cruiser Piemonte"><i>Piemonte</i></a> and two <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a> sank or destroyed seven Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">gunboats</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunfuda_Bay" title="Battle of Kunfuda Bay">Battle of Kunfuda Bay</a> in January 1912. Most of the earlier cruisers were obsolescent by the outbreak of World War I, and so had either been sold for scrap or reduced to subsidiary roles. The most modern vessels, including <i>Quarto</i> and the <i>Nino Bixio</i> class, saw limited action in the Adriatic Sea after Italy entered the war in 1915. The surviving vessels continued on in service through the 1920s, with some—<i>Quarto</i>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Campania" title="Italian cruiser Campania"><i>Campania</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Libia" title="Italian cruiser Libia"><i>Libia</i></a>, remaining on active duty into the late 1930s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HNLMS_Noord-Brabant_(1900).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/HNLMS_Noord-Brabant_%281900%29.jpg/220px-HNLMS_Noord-Brabant_%281900%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/HNLMS_Noord-Brabant_%281900%29.jpg/330px-HNLMS_Noord-Brabant_%281900%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/HNLMS_Noord-Brabant_%281900%29.jpg/440px-HNLMS_Noord-Brabant_%281900%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2177" data-file-height="1563" /></a><figcaption>Dutch protected cruiser <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Noordbrabant_(1899)" title="HNLMS Noordbrabant (1899)"><i>Noord-Brabant</i></a> as an accommodation ship</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy" title="Royal Netherlands Navy">Royal Netherlands Navy</a> built several protected cruisers between 1880 and 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-GO2WAR2_NL_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GO2WAR2_NL-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first protected cruiser was launched in 1890 and called <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Sumatra_(1890)" title="HNLMS Sumatra (1890)">HNLMS <i>Sumatra</i></a>. It was a small cruiser with a heavy main gun; four years later a larger and more heavily armed protected cruiser was commissioned, which was called <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Koningin_Wilhelmina_der_Nederlanden" title="HNLMS Koningin Wilhelmina der Nederlanden">HNLMS <i>Koningin Wilhelmina der Nederlanden</i></a>. In addition to these two cruisers, the Dutch also built six protected cruisers of the <a href="/wiki/Holland-class_cruiser" title="Holland-class cruiser"><i>Holland</i> class</a>. The <i>Holland</i>-class cruisers were commissioned between 1898 and 1901, and featured, besides other armaments, two <a href="/wiki/15_cm_SK_L/40_naval_gun" title="15 cm SK L/40 naval gun">15 cm SK L/40</a> single naval guns. </p><p>The Dutch protected cruisers have played a role in several international events. For example, during the Boxer Rebellion, two protected cruisers (<a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Holland_(1896)" title="HNLMS Holland (1896)"><i>Holland</i></a> and (<a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Koningin_Wilhelmina_der_Nederlanden" title="HNLMS Koningin Wilhelmina der Nederlanden"><i>Koningin Wilhelmina der Nederlanden</i></a>) were sent to Shanghai to protect European citizens and defend Dutch interests.<sup id="cite_ref-Diplomatiek1901_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diplomatiek1901-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cruisers_of_the_Russian_Navy#Cruisers_of_the_Russian_Imperial_Navy_(1873–1917)" title="List of cruisers of the Russian Navy">List of cruisers of the Russian Navy § Cruisers of the Russian Imperial Navy (1873–1917)</a></div> <p>The Imperial Russian Navy operated a series of protected cruiser classes (Russian: <span lang="ru">Бронепалубный крейсер</span>, <i>Armored deck cruiser</i>). The last ships built to this design where the <a href="/wiki/Izumrud-class_cruiser" title="Izumrud-class cruiser"><i>Izumrud</i> class</a> in 1901. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cruisers_of_Spain#Protected_cruisers" title="List of cruisers of Spain">List of cruisers of Spain § Protected cruisers</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a> operated a series of protected cruisers classes starting with <a href="/wiki/Reina_Regente-class_cruiser" title="Reina Regente-class cruiser"><i>Reina Regente</i> class</a>. The last ship built to this design was <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cruiser_Reina_Regente_(1906)" title="Spanish cruiser Reina Regente (1906)"><i>Reina Regente</i></a> in 1899. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cruisers_of_the_United_States_Navy#Protected_and_Peace_cruisers_(C,_PG)" title="List of cruisers of the United States Navy">List of cruisers of the United States Navy § Protected and Peace cruisers (C, PG)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlanta_(protected)._Port_bow,_1891_-_NARA_-_512894.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Atlanta_%28protected%29._Port_bow%2C_1891_-_NARA_-_512894.jpg/300px-Atlanta_%28protected%29._Port_bow%2C_1891_-_NARA_-_512894.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Atlanta_%28protected%29._Port_bow%2C_1891_-_NARA_-_512894.jpg/450px-Atlanta_%28protected%29._Port_bow%2C_1891_-_NARA_-_512894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Atlanta_%28protected%29._Port_bow%2C_1891_-_NARA_-_512894.jpg/600px-Atlanta_%28protected%29._Port_bow%2C_1891_-_NARA_-_512894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2284" /></a><figcaption>USS <i>Atlanta</i> in 1891</figcaption></figure> <p>The first protected cruiser of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>'s "New Navy" was <a href="/wiki/USS_Atlanta_(1884)" title="USS Atlanta (1884)">USS <i>Atlanta</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NHC1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHC1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_ship_launching" title="Ceremonial ship launching">launched</a> in October 1884, soon followed by <a href="/wiki/USS_Boston_(1884)" title="USS Boston (1884)">USS <i>Boston</i></a> in December, and <a href="/wiki/USS_Chicago_(1885)" title="USS Chicago (1885)">USS <i>Chicago</i></a> a year later. A numbered series of cruisers began with <a href="/wiki/USS_Newark_(C-1)" title="USS Newark (C-1)"><i>Newark</i> (Cruiser No. 1)</a>, although <a href="/wiki/USS_Charleston_(C-2)" title="USS Charleston (C-2)"><i>Charleston</i> (Cruiser No. 2)</a> was the first to be launched, in July 1888, and ending with another <i>Charleston</i>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Charleston_(C-22)" title="USS Charleston (C-22)">Cruiser No. 22</a>, launched in 1904. The last survivor of this series is <a href="/wiki/USS_Olympia_(C-6)" title="USS Olympia (C-6)">USS <i>Olympia</i></a>, preserved as a <a href="/wiki/Museum_ship" title="Museum ship">museum ship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. </p><p>The reclassification of 17 July 1920 put an end to the U.S. usage of the term "protected cruiser", the existing ships were classified as light or heavy cruisers with new numbers, depending on their level of armor.<sup id="cite_ref-NHC1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHC1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surviving_examples">Surviving examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Surviving examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A few protected cruisers have survived as museum ships, while others were used as <a href="/wiki/Breakwater_(structure)" title="Breakwater (structure)">breakwaters</a>, some of which can still be seen today. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Aurora" title="Russian cruiser Aurora"><i>Aurora</i></a> – <a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St Petersburg">St Petersburg</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Olympia_(C-6)" title="USS Olympia (C-6)">USS <i>Olympia</i></a> – <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cruiser_Zhiyuan" title="Chinese cruiser Zhiyuan">Chinese cruiser <i>Zhiyuan</i></a> replica is on display in <a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a>, China</li> <li>Bow section and bridge of <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Puglia" title="Italian cruiser Puglia"><i>Puglia</i></a> – <a href="/wiki/La_Spezia" title="La Spezia">La Spezia</a>, Italy</li> <li>Bow section of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Vindictive_(1897)" title="HMS Vindictive (1897)">HMS <i>Vindictive</i></a> is on display at <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, Belgium</li> <li>The hulk of <a href="/wiki/USS_Charleston_(C-22)" title="USS Charleston (C-22)">USS <i>Charleston</i></a> serves as a breakwater in <a href="/wiki/Kelsey_Bay" title="Kelsey Bay">Kelsey Bay</a>, on the north coast of <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">Battlecruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unprotected_cruiser" title="Unprotected cruiser">Unprotected cruiser</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beeler, pp. 42–44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown111-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brown111_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, <i>Warrior to Dreadnought, Warship Development 1860–1905</i>, page 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433070786029&view=1up&seq=253">The 'Esmeralda,'</a>" <i>The Record</i> (Valparaiso) 13, no. 183 (4 December 1884): 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberts, p. 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parkinson, p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parkes, pp. 309–312</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parkinson, p. 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberts, p. 109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardiner, pp. 249–254</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Groner-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Groner_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Groner_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gröner, pp. 47–53, 95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perry, p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT23011903-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT23011903_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F7081FF93B5412738DDDAD0A94D9405B838CF1D3">"German Commander Blames Venezuelans; Commodore Scheder Says That Fort San Carlos Fired First"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 23 January 1903.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=German+Commander+Blames+Venezuelans%3B+Commodore+Scheder+Says+That+Fort+San+Carlos+Fired+First&rft.date=1903-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF7081FF93B5412738DDDAD0A94D9405B838CF1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+cruiser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GO2WAR2_NL-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GO2WAR2_NL_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimenai2012" class="citation web cs1">Kimenai, Peter (5 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tracesofwar.nl/articles/2625/Nederlandse-pantser--en-pantserdekschepen.htm?page=3">"Nederlandse pantser – en pantserdekschepen"</a>. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nederlandse+pantser+%E2%80%93+en+pantserdekschepen&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2012-08-05&rft.aulast=Kimenai&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tracesofwar.nl%2Farticles%2F2625%2FNederlandse-pantser--en-pantserdekschepen.htm%3Fpage%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+cruiser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diplomatiek1901-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Diplomatiek1901_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Ministerie van Buitenlandsche Zaken. Diplomatieke bescheiden – behoorende bij de Staatsbegroting voor het dienstjaar 1901, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNordholtvan_Arkel1970" class="citation book cs1">Nordholt, J. W. Schulte; van Arkel, D., eds. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cNcUAAAAIAAJ"><i>Acta historiae Neerlandica: Historical studies in the Netherlands</i></a>. Vol. IV. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 160–161, 163–164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acta+historiae+Neerlandica%3A+Historical+studies+in+the+Netherlands&rft.pages=160-161%2C+163-164&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcNcUAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+cruiser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHC1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NHC1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHC1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/crus-pge.htm">Early American cruisers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707160854/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/crus-pge.htm">Archived</a> 7 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from the Naval Historical Center. Excluding the larger armored cruiser type, these warships were "protected cruisers", with a steel armored deck covering machinery and ammunition magazines.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Beeler, John, <i>Birth of the Battleship: British Capital Ship Design 1870–1881</i>. Caxton, London, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84067-534-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84067-534-9">1-84067-534-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner,_Robert1979" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1979). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2"><i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905</i></a></span>. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8317-0302-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8317-0302-4"><bdi>0-8317-0302-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1860%E2%80%931905&rft.place=Greenwich&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-8317-0302-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+cruiser" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGröner1990" class="citation book cs1">Gröner, Erich (1990). <i>German Warships 1815–1945</i>. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-790-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-790-9"><bdi>0-87021-790-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Warships+1815%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+MD&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-87021-790-9&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%B6ner&rft.aufirst=Erich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+cruiser" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkes1990" class="citation book cs1">Parkes, Oscar (1990). <i>British Battleships</i>. first published Seeley Service & Co, 1957, published United States Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-075-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-075-4"><bdi>1-55750-075-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Battleships&rft.pub=first+published+Seeley+Service+%26+Co%2C+1957%2C+published+United+States+Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=1-55750-075-4&rft.aulast=Parkes&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+cruiser" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2001" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Michael (2001). <i>Peking 1900: the Boxer Rebellion</i>. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-181-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-181-7"><bdi>978-1-84176-181-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peking+1900%3A+the+Boxer+Rebellion&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-181-7&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+cruiser" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkinson2008" class="citation book cs1">Parkinson, Roger (2008). <i>The late Victorian Navy: the pre-dreadnought era and the origins of the First World War</i>. Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-372-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-372-7"><bdi>978-1-84383-372-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+late+Victorian+Navy%3A+the+pre-dreadnought+era+and+the+origins+of+the+First+World+War&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84383-372-7&rft.aulast=Parkinson&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+cruiser" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardinerLambert2001" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Robert; Lambert, Andrew (2001). <i>Steam, Steel and Shellfire: The Steam Warship, 1815–1905</i>. Book Sales. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-1413-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7858-1413-2"><bdi>0-7858-1413-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steam%2C+Steel+and+Shellfire%3A+The+Steam+Warship%2C+1815%E2%80%931905&rft.pub=Book+Sales&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7858-1413-2&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Lambert%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+cruiser" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSondhaus2001" class="citation book cs1">Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001). <i>Naval Warfare 1815–1914</i>. London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-21478-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-21478-5"><bdi>0-415-21478-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Warfare+1815%E2%80%931914&rft.place=London&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-415-21478-5&rft.aulast=Sondhaus&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+cruiser" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_cruiser&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Naval_ships_and_warships_in_19th_and_20th_centuries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Warship_types_of_the_19th_%26_20th_centuries" title="Template:Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Warship_types_of_the_19th_%26_20th_centuries" title="Template talk:Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Warship_types_of_the_19th_%26_20th_centuries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Naval_ships_and_warships_in_19th_and_20th_centuries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naval_ship" title="Naval ship">Naval ships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">warships</a> in 19th and 20th centuries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_ship_classes_in_service" title="List of naval ship classes in service">Naval ship classes in service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine_classes_in_service" title="List of submarine classes in service">submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auxiliary_ship_classes_in_service" title="List of auxiliary ship classes in service">auxiliary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_geography" title="Maritime geography">Operational zones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown-water navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green-water navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">Blue-water navy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gun placement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadside_(naval)" title="Broadside (naval)">Broadside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_battery_ship" title="Central battery ship">Central battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">Casemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Turrets</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_assault_ship" title="Amphibious assault ship">Amphibious assault ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare_carrier" title="Anti-submarine warfare carrier">Anti-submarine warfare carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_carrier" title="Balloon carrier">Balloon carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlecarrier" title="Battlecarrier">Battlecarrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAM_ship" title="CAM ship">CAM ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escort_carrier" title="Escort carrier">Escort carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_catapult_ship" title="Fighter catapult ship">Fighter catapult ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_carrier" title="Fleet carrier">Fleet carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_deck_cruiser" title="Flight deck cruiser">Flight deck cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_carrier" title="Helicopter carrier">Helicopter carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdiction_Assault_Ship" title="Interdiction Assault Ship">Interdiction Assault Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_aircraft_carrier" title="Light aircraft carrier">Light aircraft carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_aircraft_carrier" title="Merchant aircraft carrier">Merchant aircraft carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaplane_tender" title="Seaplane tender">Seaplane tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercarrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercarrier">Supercarrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">Battleships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_defence_ship" title="Coastal defence ship">Coastal defence ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">Dreadnought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_battleship" title="Fast battleship">Fast battleship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-dreadnought_battleship" title="Pre-dreadnought battleship">Pre-dreadnought battleship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought#Super-dreadnoughts" title="Dreadnought">Super-dreadnought</a> (<a href="/wiki/Standard-type_battleship" title="Standard-type battleship">Standard-type battleship</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_battleship" title="Treaty battleship">Treaty battleship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">Cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_cruiser" title="Aircraft cruiser">Aircraft cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armored_cruiser" title="Armored cruiser">Armored cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">Battlecruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_missile_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided missile cruiser">Guided missile cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruiser" title="Heavy cruiser">Heavy cruiser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutschland-class_cruiser" title="Deutschland-class cruiser">Pocket battleship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">Light cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_raider" title="Merchant raider">Merchant raider</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Protected cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_cruiser" title="Scout cruiser">Scout cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_cruiser" title="Strike cruiser">Strike cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_cruiser" title="Torpedo cruiser">Torpedo cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unprotected_cruiser" title="Unprotected cruiser">Unprotected cruiser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Escort</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviso" title="Aviso">Aviso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convoy_rescue_ship" title="Convoy rescue ship">Convoy rescue ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_escort" title="Destroyer escort">Destroyer escort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_leader" title="Destroyer leader">Destroyer leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escort_destroyer" title="Escort destroyer">Escort destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escorteur" title="Escorteur">Escorteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">Frigate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided-missile_destroyer" title="Guided-missile destroyer">Guided-missile destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaib%C5%8Dkan" title="Kaibōkan">Kaibōkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar_picket" title="Radar picket">Radar picket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloop-of-war" title="Sloop-of-war">Sloop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_transport_dock" title="Amphibious transport dock">Amphibious transport dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare_ship" title="Amphibious warfare ship">Amphibious warfare ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_transport" title="Attack transport">Attack transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock_landing_ship" title="Dock landing ship">Dock landing ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft_carrier" title="Landing craft carrier">Landing craft carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft_Support" title="Landing Craft Support">Landing Craft Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Heavy" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Ship Heavy">Landing Ship Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_ship,_infantry" title="Landing ship, infantry">Landing ship, infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Logistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Ship Logistics">Landing Ship Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Medium" title="Landing Ship Medium">Landing Ship Medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship,_Tank" title="Landing Ship, Tank">Landing Ship, Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Ship Vehicle">Landing Ship Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troopship" title="Troopship">Troopship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol craft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_boarding_steamer" title="Armed boarding steamer">Armed boarding steamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_yacht" title="Armed yacht">Armed yacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_motor_boat" title="Coastal motor boat">Coastal motor boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">Corvette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">Gunboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbour_defence_motor_launch" title="Harbour defence motor launch">Harbour defence motor launch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_launch_(naval)" title="Motor launch (naval)">Motor launch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_drifter" title="Naval drifter">Naval drifter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_trawler" title="Naval trawler">Naval trawler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_boarding_vessel" title="Ocean boarding vessel">Ocean boarding vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">Patrol boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-ship" title="Q-ship">Q-ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_gun_boat" title="Steam gun boat">Steam gun boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_chaser" title="Submarine chaser">Submarine chaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">Torpedo boat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fast_attack_craft" title="Fast attack craft">Fast attack craft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-boat" title="E-boat">E-boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAS_(motorboat)" title="MAS (motorboat)">MAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_gunboat" title="Motor gunboat">MGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_boat" title="Missile boat">Missile boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_torpedo_boat" title="Motor torpedo boat">MTB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT_explosive_motorboat" title="MT explosive motorboat">MTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTSM_motor_torpedo_boat" title="MTSM motor torpedo boat">MTSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT_boat" title="PT boat">PT boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27y%C5%8D-class_suicide_motorboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Shin'yō-class suicide motorboat">Shin'yō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mine warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danlayer" title="Danlayer">Danlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_minesweeper" title="Destroyer minesweeper">Destroyer minesweeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine_countermeasures_vessel" title="Mine countermeasures vessel">Mine countermeasures vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine_planter" title="Mine planter">Mine planter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minehunter" title="Minehunter">Minehunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minelayer" title="Minelayer">Minelayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Command and support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenities_ship" title="Amenities ship">Amenities ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition_ship" title="Ammunition ship">Ammunition ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_repair_dock" title="Auxiliary repair dock">Auxiliary repair dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collier_(ship)" title="Collier (ship)">Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_stores_ship" title="Combat stores ship">Combat stores ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_ship" title="Command ship">Command ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_vessel" title="Crane vessel">Crane vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depot_ship" title="Depot ship">Depot ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_tender" title="Destroyer tender">Destroyer tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispatch_boat" title="Dispatch boat">Dispatch boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_combat_support_ship" title="Fast combat support ship">Fast combat support ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_stores_issue_ship" title="General stores issue ship">General stores issue ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ship" title="Hospital ship">Hospital ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_support_ship" title="Joint support ship">Joint support ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">Naval tugboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_laying_ship" title="Net laying ship">Net laying ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repair_ship" title="Repair ship">Repair ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replenishment_oiler" title="Replenishment oiler">Replenishment oiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_tender" title="Submarine tender">Submarine tender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">Attack submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">Ballistic missile submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_submarine" title="Coastal submarine">Coastal submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise missile submarine">Cruise missile submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_submarine" title="Cruiser submarine">Cruiser submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-submergence_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence vehicle">Deep-submergence vehicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence rescue vehicle">DSRV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_submarine" title="Fleet submarine">Fleet submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_torpedo" title="Human torpedo">Human torpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midget_submarine" title="Midget submarine">Midget submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_aircraft_carrier" title="Submarine aircraft carrier">Submarine aircraft carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_sub" title="Wet sub">Wet sub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_merchantman" title="Armed merchantman">Armed merchantman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_ship" title="Arsenal ship">Arsenal ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barracks_ship" title="Barracks ship">Barracks ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastwork_monitor" title="Breastwork monitor">Breastwork monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_ship" title="Capital ship">Capital ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_carrier" title="Drone carrier">Drone carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">Flagship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_battery" title="Floating battery">Floating battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_ship" title="Guard ship">Guard ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_combat_ship" title="Littoral combat ship">Littoral combat ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitor_(warship)" title="Monitor (warship)">Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_ship" title="Mother ship">Mother ship</a></li> 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