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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_dynasty_and_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_dynasty_and_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Royal dynasty and succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_dynasty_and_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transition_to_Cochin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_to_Cochin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Transition to Cochin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_to_Cochin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ming_dynasty_alliance_(1411–1433)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ming_dynasty_alliance_(1411–1433)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Ming dynasty alliance (1411–1433)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ming_dynasty_alliance_(1411–1433)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vassal_of_Calicut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vassal_of_Calicut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Vassal of Calicut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vassal_of_Calicut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese_alliance_(1500–1663)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_alliance_(1500–1663)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Portuguese alliance (1500–1663)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_alliance_(1500–1663)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch_alliance_(1663–1766)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_alliance_(1663–1766)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Dutch alliance (1663–1766)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_alliance_(1663–1766)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mysorean_invasion_(1766–1799)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mysorean_invasion_(1766–1799)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Mysorean invasion (1766–1799)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mysorean_invasion_(1766–1799)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_princely_state_(1814–1947)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_princely_state_(1814–1947)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>British princely state (1814–1947)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_princely_state_(1814–1947)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Capitals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Maharajas_of_Cochin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Maharajas_of_Cochin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of Maharajas of Cochin</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_Maharajas_of_Cochin-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of Maharajas of Cochin subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_Maharajas_of_Cochin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_a_Portuguese_ally" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_Portuguese_ally"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>As a Portuguese ally</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_Portuguese_ally-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_Dutch_ally" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_Dutch_ally"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>As a Dutch ally</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_Dutch_ally-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_British_princely_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_British_princely_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>As a British princely state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_British_princely_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence_(Titular_only)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence_(Titular_only)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Post-independence (Titular only)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence_(Titular_only)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Ministers_of_Cochin_(1947–49)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Ministers_of_Cochin_(1947–49)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Prime Ministers of Cochin (1947–49)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_Ministers_of_Cochin_(1947–49)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chiefs_of_Cochin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chiefs_of_Cochin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Chiefs of Cochin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chiefs_of_Cochin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matrilineal_inheritance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matrilineal_inheritance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Matrilineal inheritance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matrilineal_inheritance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_rituals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_rituals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Traditional rituals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Traditional_rituals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Traditional rituals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Traditional_rituals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Deities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming_practice_of_male_Thampuran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_practice_of_male_Thampuran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Naming practice of male Thampuran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming_practice_of_male_Thampuran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming_practice_of_female_Thampuran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_practice_of_female_Thampuran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Naming practice of female Thampuran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming_practice_of_female_Thampuran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parukutty_Nethyar_Amma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parukutty_Nethyar_Amma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Parukutty Nethyar Amma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parukutty_Nethyar_Amma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cochin_royal_family_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cochin_royal_family_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Cochin royal family today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cochin_royal_family_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of Cochin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="کوچین شاهلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوچین شاهلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochin" title="Cochin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cochin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochin_(Staat)" title="Cochin (Staat) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cochin (Staat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Coch%C3%ADn" title="Reino de Cochín – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino de Cochín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پادشاهی کوچین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادشاهی کوچین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_Cochin" title="État de Cochin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État de Cochin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Cochin" title="Kerajaan Cochin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajaan Cochin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_di_Cochin" title="Regno di Cochin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno di Cochin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dino_karalyst%C4%97" title="Kočino karalystė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kočino karalystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%82" title="പെരുമ്പടപ്പു സ്വരൂപം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പെരുമ്പടപ്പു സ്വരൂപം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="コーチン王国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーチン王国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongeriket_Cochin" title="Kongeriket Cochin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kongeriket Cochin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Кочин (княжество) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кочин (княжество)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochinin_kuningaskunta" title="Cochinin kuningaskunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cochinin kuningaskunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கொச்சி இராச்சியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொச்சி இராச்சியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కొచ్చిన్ రాజ్యం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కొచ్చిన్ రాజ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Кочійське царство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кочійське царство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Monarchy in India (before 12th century–1949)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Cochinchina" title="Cochinchina">Cochinchina</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0ng_Trong" title="Đàng Trong">Đàng Trong</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kingdom+of+Cochin%22">"Kingdom of Cochin"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kingdom+of+Cochin%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kingdom+of+Cochin%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kingdom+of+Cochin%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kingdom+of+Cochin%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kingdom+of+Cochin%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this article is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Kingdom_of_Cochin##" title="Talk:Kingdom of Cochin">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Kingdom of Cochin</div><div class="ib-country-names">Kochi Rajyam</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">12th century CE<sup id="cite_ref-askh_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1 July 1949</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingdom_of_Cochin_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Cochin"><img alt="Flag of Cochin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Kingdom_of_Cochin_Flag.svg/125px-Kingdom_of_Cochin_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Kingdom_of_Cochin_Flag.svg/188px-Kingdom_of_Cochin_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Kingdom_of_Cochin_Flag.svg/250px-Kingdom_of_Cochin_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="134" /></a></span></div> </div> <div>Flag</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cochin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Cochin"><img alt="Cochin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cochin.jpg/250px-Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cochin.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cochin.jpg/375px-Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cochin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cochin.jpg/500px-Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cochin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2442" data-file-height="3288" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Independent Kingdom (12th Century CE–1370)</li> <li>Under the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> (1370–1565)</li> <li>Independent Kingdom (1565–1766)</li> <li>Under the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a> (1766–1799)</li> <li>Semi-Independent Kingdom; Subordinately alliance with the East India Company (1799–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely State">Princely State</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> (1815–1947)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Perumpadappu,_Malappuram" title="Perumpadappu, Malappuram">Perumpadappu</a> <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thripunithura" class="mw-redirect" title="Thripunithura">Thripunithura</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Majority</b>: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <small>(official)</small> <br /> <b>Minority</b>: <br /><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute monarchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely state</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 12th century CE (first) </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Veera Kerala Varma</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1948–1949 (last) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_Parikshith_Thampuran" title="Rama Varma Parikshith Thampuran">Rama Varma XVIII</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Divan" title="Divan">Diwan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1812–1818 (first) </div></th><td class="infobox-data">John Munro</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1944–1947 (last) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C._P._Karunakara_Menon" title="C. P. Karunakara Menon">C. P. Karunakara Menon</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12th century CE<sup id="cite_ref-askh_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 1949</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">600.03 crores USD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">Rupee</a> and Other Local Currencies</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chera_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Chera Dynasty">Chera Dynasty</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Travancore-Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore-Cochin">Travancore-Cochin</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kingdom of Cochin</b> or the <b>Cochin State</b>, named after its capital in the city of <a href="/wiki/Kochi_(Cochin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochi (Cochin)">Kochi (Cochin)</a>, was a kingdom in the central part of present-day <a href="/wiki/Kerala_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerala state">Kerala state</a>. It originated in the early part of the 12th century and continued to rule until its accession to the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a> in 1949. </p><p>Historically, the capital of Cochin was in <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur_(Cranganore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodungallur (Cranganore)">Kodungallur (Cranganore)</a>, but in 1341, the capital was moved to Cochin to remedy a disastrous flood. By the early 15th century, Cochin lost its ability to fully defend itself. By the late 15th century, the kingdom had shrunk to its minimal extent as a result of invasions by the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin_of_Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamorin of Calicut">Zamorin of Calicut</a>. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_armadas" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese armadas">Portuguese armadas</a> arrived in India, the kingdom of Cochin had lost its <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Zamorins" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamorins">Zamorins</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Edapalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Edapalli">Edapalli</a> and Cranganore, the later of which had even been at the centre of the kingdom historically. Cochin was looking for an opportunity to preserve its independence, which was at risk. King Unni Goda Varma warmly welcomed <a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a> on 24 December 1500 and negotiated a treaty of alliance between Portugal and the Cochin kingdom, directed against the Zamorin of Calicut. A number of forts were built in the area and controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese East Indies">Portuguese East Indies</a>, the most important of which was <a href="/wiki/Fort_Manuel_of_Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Manuel of Cochin">Fort Manuel</a>. Cochin became a long-term <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> protectorate (1503–1663) providing assistance against native and foreign powers in India. After the <a href="/wiki/Luso-Dutch_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Luso-Dutch War">Luso-Dutch War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (1663–1795) was an ally of Cochin. That was followed by the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> (1795–1858, confirmed on 6 May 1809) after the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Dutch War">Anglo-Dutch War</a>, with <a href="/wiki/British_paramountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="British paramountcy">British paramountcy</a> over the Cochin state. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madras_map_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Madras_map_1913.jpg/220px-Madras_map_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Madras_map_1913.jpg/330px-Madras_map_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Madras_map_1913.jpg/440px-Madras_map_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Madras State Map 1913</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Travancore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Travancore">kingdom of Travancore</a> merged with the kingdom of Cochin to form the state of <a href="/wiki/Travancore-Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore-Cochin">Travancore-Cochin</a> in 1950. The five <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>-majority <a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">taluks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vilavancode" title="Vilavancode">Vilavancode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalkulam" title="Kalkulam">Kalkulam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thovalai" title="Thovalai">Thovalai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agastheeswaram" title="Agastheeswaram">Agastheeswaram</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sengottai" title="Sengottai">Sengottai</a> were transferred from <a href="/wiki/Travancore-Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore-Cochin">Travancore-Cochin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Madras_State" title="Madras State">Madras State</a> in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerala_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerala-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>-speaking regions of Travancore-Cochin merged with the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_District" title="Malabar District">Malabar District</a> (excluding <a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Islands" title="Laccadive Islands">Laccadive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minicoy" title="Minicoy">Minicoy</a> Islands) and the <a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_district" title="Kasaragod district">Kasaragod</a> taluk of <a href="/wiki/South_Canara" title="South Canara">South Canara</a> district in <a href="/wiki/Madras_State" title="Madras State">Madras State</a> to form the modern <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>-state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> on 1 November 1956, according to the <a href="/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act,_1956" title="States Reorganisation Act, 1956">States Reorganisation Act, 1956</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerala_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerala-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The kingdom of Cochin, originally known as Perumpadappu Swarupam, was under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Kulasekhara_dynasty_(Second_Cheras)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulasekhara dynasty (Second Cheras)">Later Cheras</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. After the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Kulasekhara_dynasty_(Second_Cheras)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulasekhara dynasty (Second Cheras)">Mahodayapuram Cheras</a> in the 12th century, along with numerous other provinces Perumpadappu Swarupam became a free political entity. However, it was only after the arrival of Portuguese on the Malabar Coast that the Perumpadappu Swarupam acquires any political importance. Perumpadappu rulers had family relationships with the Nambudiri rulers of <a href="/wiki/Edappally" title="Edappally">Edappally</a>. After the transfer of <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vypin" title="Vypin">Vypin</a> from the Edappally rulers to the Perumpadappu rulers, the latter came to be known as kings of Kochi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territories">Territories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kochi_1960_street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kochi_1960_street.jpg/220px-Kochi_1960_street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kochi_1960_street.jpg/330px-Kochi_1960_street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kochi_1960_street.jpg/440px-Kochi_1960_street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Cochin in the 1960s, just a few years after joining the union</figcaption></figure> <p>During 1800 to 1947, the kingdom of Cochin included much of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Thrissur_district" title="Thrissur district">Thrissur district</a> excluding Chavakkad taluk, a few areas of <a href="/wiki/Alathur" title="Alathur">Alathur</a> taluk and the whole of <a href="/wiki/Chittur" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittur">Chittur</a> taluk of the <a href="/wiki/Palakkad_district" title="Palakkad district">Palakkad district</a> and Kochi taluk (excluding <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a>), most of <a href="/wiki/Kanayannur" title="Kanayannur">Kanayannur</a> taluk (excluding <a href="/wiki/Edappally" title="Edappally">Edappally</a>), parts of <a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a> taluk (<a href="/wiki/Karukutty" title="Karukutty">Karukutty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angamaly" title="Angamaly">Angamaly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalady" title="Kalady">Kalady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chowwara" title="Chowwara">Chowwara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanjoor" title="Kanjoor">Kanjoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sreemoolanagaram" title="Sreemoolanagaram">Sreemoolanagaram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayattoor" title="Malayattoor">Malayattoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manjapra" title="Manjapra">Manjapra</a>), parts of <a href="/wiki/Kunnathunad" title="Kunnathunad">Kunnathunad</a> taluk and parts of <a href="/wiki/Paravur_Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravur Taluk">Paravur Taluk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chendamangalam" title="Chendamangalam">Chendamangalam</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam district</a> which are now the part of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no extant written evidence about the emergence of the kingdom of Cochin or of the Cochin royal family, also known as Perumpadapu Swaroopam.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerala.com-2007_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerala.com-2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All that is recorded are folk tales and stories, and a somewhat blurred historical picture about the origins of the ruling dynasty. </p><p>The surviving manuscripts, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Keralolpathi" title="Keralolpathi">Keralolpathi</a></i>, <i>Keralamahatmyam</i>, and <i>Perumpadapu Grandavari</i>, are collections of myths and legends that are less than reliable as conventional historical sources. </p><p> The <i>Perumpadapu Grandavari</i> contains an additional account of the dynastic origins: </p><blockquote><p>The last <i>Thavazhi</i> of <i>Perumpadapu Swaroopam</i> came into existence on the <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kaliyuga</a></i> day <i>shodashangamsurajyam</i>. <a href="/wiki/Legend_of_Cheraman_Perumals" class="mw-redirect" title="Legend of Cheraman Perumals">Cheraman Perumal</a> divided the land in half, 17 "amsa" north of Neelaeswaram and 17 amsa south, totaling 34 amsa, and gave his powers to his nephews and sons. Thirty-four kingdoms between <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanyakumari (town)">Kanyakumari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gokarna,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gokarna, India">Gokarna</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>) were given to the "thampuran" who was the daughter of the last niece of Cheraman Perumal.</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Keralolpathi" title="Keralolpathi">Keralolpathi</a> recorded the division of his kingdom in 345 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>, Perumpadapu Grandavari in 385 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Logan_(Malabar_Manual)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Logan (Malabar Manual)">William Logan</a> in 825 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>. There are no written records on these earlier divisions of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, but according to some historians the division might have occurred during the Second <a href="/wiki/Chera_dynasty" title="Chera dynasty">Chera</a> kingdom at the beginning of the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Keralahistory" title="Template:Keralahistory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Keralahistory" title="Template talk:Keralahistory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Keralahistory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Keralahistory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original headquarters of the kingdom was at <a href="/wiki/Perumpadappu,_Malappuram" title="Perumpadappu, Malappuram">Perumpadappu</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Malappuram_district" title="Malappuram district">Malappuram district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-askh_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ruler of <a href="/wiki/Perumpadappu,_Malappuram" title="Perumpadappu, Malappuram">Perumpadappu</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a>) fled to <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a> in the early medieval period, when the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin_of_Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamorin of Calicut">Zamorin of Calicut</a> annexed <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a> region, after <a href="/wiki/Tirunavaya" title="Tirunavaya">Tirunavaya</a> war.<sup id="cite_ref-askh_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Porlathiri" title="Porlathiri">Porlathiri</a> kingdom) was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eranad" title="Eranad">Eranad</a>, who then conquered parts of Perumpadappu kingdom, and tried to assert his suzerainty over it. </p><p>Although losing their northern homeland and original capital, the Perumpadappu dynasty maintained a kingdom over a vast area in central Kerala (still formally referred to as "Perumpadappu Swaroopam"). Their state stretched from Pukkaitha in the north, <a href="/wiki/Anaimalai_Hills" title="Anaimalai Hills">Aanamala</a> in the east, to <a href="/wiki/Purakkad" title="Purakkad">Purakkad</a> in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-Ayyar,_p.128_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayyar,_p.128-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_dynasty_and_succession">Royal dynasty and succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Royal dynasty and succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Perumpadappu dynasty eventually produced five branches (Mutts, Elaya, Pallurutti, Madattumkil and Chaliyur), each with its own family seat, retainers and military of <a href="/wiki/Nair" title="Nair">Nairs</a>. But the five branches (<i>tavali</i>) came together under a common ruling king (<i>raja</i>), which was the oldest male member of all five branches together.<sup id="cite_ref-Ayyar,_p.128_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayyar,_p.128-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Perumpadappu (and future Cochin) royal dynasty followed matriarchal rules of succession common in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Travancore_royal_family" title="Travancore royal family">Travancore</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Succession went via the female line – that is, not to the king's sons, but to his uterine brothers and then to his sisters' sons (i.e. nephews). In theory, the successor should be the next oldest in age among potential candidates. This was later relaxed, and in practice kingship became elective, to ensure the successor was not too old or incompetent. The overlooked true elder was compensated with symbolic or ceremonial dignities (notably the religiously significant title <i>Muppustanam</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Mennon,_p.481_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mennon,_p.481-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Retirement was also forced – it was customary and expected for a king to retire upon reaching a certain old age or military inability, withdrawing to take up a religious life. Power was passed over to his successor, or to a regent until the successor came of age. </p><p>Succession often led to quarrels among the five branches. The Zamorin of Calicut exploited these family quarrels, sometimes in the role of arbitrator, allowing him to increase his influence in the southern kingdom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition_to_Cochin">Transition to Cochin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Transition to Cochin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The future city of Cochin was originally just a small village along a long embankment. Violent floods and overflows of the <a href="/wiki/Periyar_River" title="Periyar River">Periyar River</a> in 1341 forced the opening of the outlet between the <a href="/wiki/Vembanad_lagoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Vembanad lagoon">Vembanad lagoon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> at the juncture where Cochin now sits, separating the long Cochinese peninsula (<i>karapuram</i>) from what is now <a href="/wiki/Vypin" title="Vypin">Vypin</a> island.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the waterways connecting Cranganore to the sea were silting up, commercial traffic began re-directing away from Cranganore to the new break at Cochin, and merchant families began to relocate and set up warehouses and eventually homes there. The once-great old port city of <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a> (Cranganore) declined as the new port-city of <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a> (Cochin) rose in wealth and importance. The urban center of the early city developed on relatively high ground in the village of <a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a> (now a district in Kochi city, once called "<i>Cochim de Cima</i>"). </p><p>The original owners of the territory of what later became Cochin city was the Ellangallur royal family of the Rajas of <a href="/wiki/Edapalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Edapalli">Edapalli</a> (<i>Repelim</i>) (on the east side of the lagoon).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drawn from the Brahmin class, the Edapalli royal family followed different rules of succession. In the early 1400s, the king of Edapalli had married a sister of the Elaya branch of Perumpadappu, and so their son was doubly royal heir to two houses – via father to Edapalli, via mother to Perumpadappu . But he was apparently not first in the line of succession to Perumpadappu. </p><p>In the early 1400s, the King of Edapalli granted part of his lands, specifically southern Vypin island and northern part of Karapuram peninsula around the new break, as an appanage fief for his prince son. It was originally not supposed to be a permanent cession, but rather to serve as a training ground, to allow the heir to cultivate his governing skills. Upon succession to his father, he was expected to move across the lagoon to Edapalli, and cede Cochin as a seat to the next heir. As the ruler was always a prince in training, he was addressed as "<i>Kocchu Thampuran</i>" (meaning 'junior lord' or 'junior king'), thus the fief became known as "Kochi/Cochin" after him. So the original "kingdom of Cochin" (<i>Kochi rajyam</i>) started off as a small Edapalli offshoot, distinct and separate from the much larger Perumpadappu state.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The growing wealth of Cochin gave the junior prince in Cochin power and ascendancy, eventually enabling him to assert himself as king over senior relatives from other branches of the Perumpadappu dynasty, as well as allowing him to detach Cochin from Edapalli, and chart his own separate course. </p><p>As a result of this transition, the large "kingdom of Perumpadappu" (<a href="/wiki/Perumpadappu,_Malappuram" title="Perumpadappu, Malappuram"><i>Perumpadappu Swaroopam</i></a>) came to be referred to as the "kingdom of Cochin",<sup id="cite_ref-askh_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the capital of the kingdom shifted from Kodungallur to Vypin in present-day Kochi.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the new kingdom, rules were changed to confine succession within the Elaya branch of Cochin, rather across all branches of Perumpadappu (much to the chagrin of the branches).<sup id="cite_ref-Mennon,_p.481_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mennon,_p.481-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ming_dynasty_alliance_(1411–1433)"><span id="Ming_dynasty_alliance_.281411.E2.80.931433.29"></span>Ming dynasty alliance (1411–1433)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ming dynasty alliance (1411–1433)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The port at <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>, also known as Calicut, held superior economic and political position on the medieval Kerala coast, while <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>, and Kochi, were commercially important secondary ports, where the traders from various parts of the world would gather.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the Malabar coast during the early 15th century, Calicut and Cochin were in an intense rivalry, so the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> of China decided to intervene by granting special status to Cochin and its ruler, known as <i>Keyili</i> (可亦里) to the Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-sen16-616-7_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calicut had been the dominant port-city in the region, but Cochin was emerging as its main rival.<sup id="cite_ref-sen16-616-7_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the fifth <a href="/wiki/Ming_treasure_voyage" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming treasure voyage">Ming treasure voyage</a>, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a> was instructed to confer a seal upon <i>Keyili</i> of Cochin and designate a mountain in his kingdom as the <i>Zhenguo Zhi Shan</i> (鎮國之山, Mountain Which Protects the Country).<sup id="cite_ref-sen16-616-7_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zheng He delivered a stone tablet, inscribed with a proclamation composed by the <a href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle Emperor</a> himself, to Cochin.<sup id="cite_ref-sen16-616-7_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As long as Cochin remained under the protection of Ming China, the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin_of_Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamorin of Calicut">Zamorin of Calicut</a> was unable to invade Cochin and a military conflict was averted.<sup id="cite_ref-sen16-616-7_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cessation of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_treasure_voyages" title="Ming treasure voyages">Ming treasure voyages</a> consequently had negative results for Cochin, as the Zamorin of Calicut later launched an invasion against Cochin.<sup id="cite_ref-sen16-616-7_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 15th century, the Zamorin occupied Cochin and installed his representative as the king.<sup id="cite_ref-sen16-616-7_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vassal_of_Calicut">Vassal of Calicut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vassal of Calicut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The conflict between the upstart king of Cochin and his relatives of Perumpadappu branches (eager to recover their role) and Edapalli (eager to recover its land), drew in the interference of the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicut">Calicut</a>, who attacked Cochin in the name of justice for the relatives. The Zamorin's armies were eventually successful and imposed a settlement, which confined the king of Cochin to his domains, and extracted an oath of vassalage to Calicut. The kingdom of Cochin was required to obtain the Zamorin's consent during succession, and obliged to provide annual tribute and troops to the Zamorin's campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was roughly the situation when the Portuguese arrived in 1500. The kingdom of Cochin was half-in-vassalage, half-at-war with the Zamorin of Calicut. The king of Cochin, Unni Goda Varda (referred to as "Trimumpara Raja" in Portuguese chronicles) was grating at the settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He perceived an alliance with Portuguese arms as way to overthrow the Zamorin's power, recover Cochin's independence and impose his ascendancy over his relatives. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese_alliance_(1500–1663)"><span id="Portuguese_alliance_.281500.E2.80.931663.29"></span>Portuguese alliance (1500–1663)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Portuguese alliance (1500–1663)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mattancherry_palace_bhagvathy_kshetram.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Mattancherry_palace_bhagvathy_kshetram.JPG/220px-Mattancherry_palace_bhagvathy_kshetram.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Mattancherry_palace_bhagvathy_kshetram.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mattancherry_Palace" title="Mattancherry Palace">Mattancherry Palace</a>-temple, built by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> as a gift to Raja Veera Kerala Varma I </figcaption></figure> <p>The Portuguese arrived at <a href="/wiki/Kappad" title="Kappad">Kappad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a> in 1498 during the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>, thus opening a direct sea route from Europe to India.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cochin was the scene of the first European settlement in India. In the year 1500, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> Admiral <a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a> landed at Cochin after being repelled from <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut</a>. The Raja of Cochin welcomed the Portuguese and a treaty of friendship was signed. The raja allowed them to build a <a href="/wiki/Factory_(trading_post)" title="Factory (trading post)">factory</a> at Cochin (and upon Cabral's departure Cochin allowed thirty Portuguese and four <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscan</a> friars to stay in the kingdom). Assured by the offer of support, the raja declared war on his enemy, the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorins</a> of Calicut. </p><p>In 1502, a new expedition under the command of <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> arrived at Cochin, and the friendship was renewed. Vasco da Gama later bombarded Calicut<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and destroyed the Arab factories there. This enraged the Zamorin, the ruler of Calicut, and he attacked Cochin after the departure of Vasco da Gama and destroyed the Portuguese factory. The raja of Cochin and his Portuguese allies were forced to withdraw to <a href="/wiki/Vypin" title="Vypin">Vypin</a> Island. However, the arrival of a small reinforcement Portuguese fleet and, some days later of <a href="/wiki/Duarte_Pacheco_Pereira" title="Duarte Pacheco Pereira">Duarte Pacheco Pereira</a> and the oncoming monsoons alarmed the Zamorin. Calicut recalled the army and abandoned the siege. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomasreliquiar_Kondungallur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Thomasreliquiar_Kondungallur.jpg/220px-Thomasreliquiar_Kondungallur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Thomasreliquiar_Kondungallur.jpg/330px-Thomasreliquiar_Kondungallur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Thomasreliquiar_Kondungallur.jpg/440px-Thomasreliquiar_Kondungallur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">Relic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a>, kept in the sanatorium of a <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar">Syrian Church</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After securing the throne for the Raja of Cochin, the Portuguese got permission to build a fort – <a href="/wiki/Fort_Emmanuel" title="Fort Emmanuel">Fort Emmanuel</a> (at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a>, named after the king of Portugal) – surrounding the Portuguese factory, in order to protect it from any further attacks from Calicut and on 27 September 1503 the foundations of a timber fort, the first fort erected by the Portuguese in India, were laid. The entire work of construction was commissioned by the local raja, who supplied workers and material. In 1505, the stone fortress replaced the wooden fort. Later, for a better defence of the town, a fort called <a href="/wiki/Pallipuram_Fort" title="Pallipuram Fort">"Castelo de Cima"</a> was built on Vypeen Island. At the departure of the Portuguese fleet, only <a href="/wiki/Duarte_Pacheco_Pereira" title="Duarte Pacheco Pereira">Duarte Pacheco Pereira</a> and a small fleet were left in Cochin. Meanwhile, the Zamorin of Calicut formed a massive force and attacked them. For five months, Cochin kingdom was able to drive back <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cochin_(1504)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Cochin (1504)">Calicut's assaults</a>, with the help of Pacheco Pereira and his men. </p><p>The ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tanur" title="Kingdom of Tanur">kingdom of Tanur</a>, who was a vassal to the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin_of_Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamorin of Calicut">Zamorin of Calicut</a>, sided with the Portuguese against his overlord at <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-askh_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tanur" title="Kingdom of Tanur">kingdom of Tanur</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tirur_Taluk" title="Tirur Taluk">Vettathunadu</a></i>) became one of the earliest Portuguese colonies in India. The ruler of <a href="/wiki/Tanur,_Malappuram" title="Tanur, Malappuram">Tanur</a> also sided with Cochin.<sup id="cite_ref-askh_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the members of the royal family of Cochin in 16th and 17th centuries were selected from <a href="/wiki/Vettom_Grama_Panchayath" class="mw-redirect" title="Vettom Grama Panchayath">Vettom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-askh_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/Tanur,_Malappuram" title="Tanur, Malappuram">Tanur</a> forces under the king fought for the Zamorin of Calicut in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cochin_(1504)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Cochin (1504)">Battle of Cochin (1504)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the allegiance of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Mappila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mappila">Mappila</a> merchants in <a href="/wiki/Tanur,_Malappuram" title="Tanur, Malappuram">Tanur</a> region stayed with the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin_of_Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamorin of Calicut">Zamorin of Calicut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The raja of Cochin continued to rule with the help of the Portuguese. Meanwhile, the Portuguese secretly tried to enter into an alliance with the Zamorin. A few later attempts by the Zamorin to conquer the Cochin port were thwarted by the raja of Cochin with the help of the Portuguese. Slowly, the Portuguese armoury at Cochin was increased, presumably to help the king protect Cochin. And for a long a time, right after Goa, Cochin situated in the center of East Indies, was the best place Portugal had in India. From there the Portuguese exported large volumes of spices, particularly pepper. </p><p>In 1530, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Xavier" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Francis Xavier">Saint Francis Xavier</a> arrived and founded a Latin <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Christian mission</a>. Cochin hosted the grave of <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a>, the Portuguese viceroy, who was buried at <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Church,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Francis Church, Kochi">St. Francis Church</a> until his remains were returned to Portugal in 1539.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after the time of <a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a>, Portuguese influence in Kerala declined.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerala.com-2007_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerala.com-2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_alliance_(1663–1766)"><span id="Dutch_alliance_.281663.E2.80.931766.29"></span>Dutch alliance (1663–1766)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dutch alliance (1663–1766)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF.jpg/220px-%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF.jpg/330px-%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF.jpg/440px-%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1323" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bolgatty_Palace" title="Bolgatty Palace">Bolgatty Palace</a>, built in 1744 by Dutch traders, is one of the oldest existing Dutch palaces outside the Netherlands</figcaption></figure> <p>Portuguese alliance was followed by that of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malabar" title="Dutch Malabar">Dutch</a>, who had by then conquered <a href="/wiki/Quilon" class="mw-redirect" title="Quilon">Quilon</a> after various encounters with the Portuguese and their allies. Discontented members of the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Royal_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin Royal family">Cochin Royal family</a> called on the assistance of the Dutch for help in overthrowing the Cochin Raja. The Dutch successfully landed at Njarakal and went on to capture the fort at Pallippuram, which they handed over to the Zamorin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mysorean_invasion_(1766–1799)"><span id="Mysorean_invasion_.281766.E2.80.931799.29"></span>Mysorean invasion (1766–1799)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mysorean invasion (1766–1799)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mysorian ruler <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a> conquered Cochin. After his conquest of <a href="/wiki/Nagara,_Karnataka" title="Nagara, Karnataka">Bednur</a> reached Ali Rajah of <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Cannanore</a> in 1763, he promptly asked Ali to invade Kerala and help him deal with the Zamorin of Calicut. The Muslim chieftain of Cannanore, an old rival of the neighbouring powerful <a href="/wiki/Kolathiri" title="Kolathiri">Kolathiri</a>, was an active ally of Mysore under the occupation. </p><p>Ali Raja seized and set fire to the palace of Kolathiri Raja. The latter escaped with his followers to the then-British settlement at Tellicherry. After the victory, Ali entered the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kottayam" title="Kingdom of Kottayam">kingdom of Kottayam</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/North_Malabar" title="North Malabar">North Malabar</a> and occupied it, with assistance from native Muslims, after some resistance by the Kottayam army. </p><p>After taking Calicut in a bloody battle, Ali, with a large amount of money, marched south-east towards <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a> through <a href="/wiki/Palghat" class="mw-redirect" title="Palghat">Palghat</a>. Mysore appointed Raja as military governor and Madonna (a former revenue officer) as civil governor of the newly acquired province of Malabar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_princely_state_(1814–1947)"><span id="British_princely_state_.281814.E2.80.931947.29"></span>British princely state (1814–1947)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: British princely state (1814–1947)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:59Cochin_Canal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/59Cochin_Canal.jpg/220px-59Cochin_Canal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/59Cochin_Canal.jpg/330px-59Cochin_Canal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/59Cochin_Canal.jpg/440px-59Cochin_Canal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption>Cochin in 1913</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1814, according to the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814">Anglo-Dutch Treaty</a>, the islands of Kochi, including <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a> and its territory, were ceded to the United Kingdom in exchange for the island of <a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Banca</a>. Even prior to the signing of the treaty, there is evidence of English residents in Kochi.<sup id="cite_ref-kochirajyam_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kochirajyam-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, the Princely State of Cochin was surrounded by British <a href="/wiki/Malabar_District" title="Malabar District">Malabar District</a> to three sides (i.e., To north, west, and east), and by <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-kochirajyam_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kochirajyam-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towards the early 20th century, trade at the port had increased substantially and the king wanted to develop the port even further. The king brought a harbour engineer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bristow_(engineer)" title="Robert Bristow (engineer)">Robert Bristow</a> to Cochin in 1920, with the help of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Willingdon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Willingdon">Lord Willingdon</a>, then Governor of <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras</a>. Over a span of 21 years he helped the king of Cochin to transform Cochin into the safest harbour in south Asia, where ships berthed alongside the newly reclaimed inner harbour, which was equipped with a long array of steam cranes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Cochin">Fort Cochin</a>, which was a part of <a href="/wiki/Malabar_District" title="Malabar District">Malabar District</a> until 1956, was made a municipality on 1 November 1866, along with <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thalassery" title="Thalassery">Thalassery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a>, according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian Empire">British Indian Empire</a>, and its first Municipal Council election with a board of 18 members was conducted in 1883. The Maharajah of Cochin initiated local administration in 1896 by forming town councils in <a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a>. In 1925, a Kochi legislative assembly was also constituted to help the public participate in the administration. The assembly consisted of 45 members, 10 were officially nominated. <a href="/wiki/Thottakkattu_Madhaviamma" title="Thottakkattu Madhaviamma">Thottakkattu Madhaviamma</a> was the first woman to be a member of any legislature in India.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cochin was the first princely state to willingly join the new <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a> in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India became a republic on 26 January 1950. <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> merged with Cochin to create <a href="/wiki/Travancore-Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore-Cochin">Travancore-Cochin</a>, which was in turn unified with the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar district">Malabar district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kasaragod" title="Kasaragod">Kasaragod</a> was merged into it and <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a> was removed from it. On 1 November 1956, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian state">Indian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> was formed.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For administrative purposes, Cochin was divided into seven taluks.(from 1860 to 1905 AD) Chittur, Cochin, Cranganore, Kanayannur, Mukundapuram, Trichur and Talapilly. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Taluk </th> <th>Area (in square miles) </th> <th>Headquarters </th></tr> <tr> <td>Chittur </td> <td>285 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chittur" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittur">Chittur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cochin </td> <td>63 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cranganore </td> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cranganore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranganore">Cranganore</a> (Now <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kanayannur </td> <td>81 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mukundapuram </td> <td>418 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irinjalakuda" title="Irinjalakuda">Irinjalakuda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Talapalli </td> <td>271 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wadakkanchery" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadakkanchery">Wadakkanchery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trichur </td> <td>225 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trichur" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichur">Trichur</a> (Now <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>1,362 </th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capitals">Capitals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Capitals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The capital of Perumpadapu Swaroopam was located at Chitrakooda in the <a href="/wiki/Perumpadappu_(Malappuram_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perumpadappu (Malappuram district)">Perumpadapu village</a> of Vanneri from the beginning of the 12th century to the end of the 13th century. Even though the capital of Perumpadapu Swaroopam was in Vanneri, the Perumpadapu king had a palace in Mahodayapuram. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Zamorins" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamorins">Zamorins</a> attacked Vanneri in the later part of the 13th century, Perumpadapu Swaroopam shifted their capital from Vanneri to Mahodayapuram. In 1405, Perumpadapu Swaroopam changed their capital from Mahodayapuram to <a href="/wiki/Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin">Cochin</a>. By the end of the 14th century the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> conquered Thrikkanamathilakam and it became a threat for Mahodayapuram (<a href="/wiki/Thiruvanchikulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruvanchikulam">Thiruvanchikulam</a>), which may be the reason that Perumpadapu Swaroopam changed their capital to Cochin from Mahodayapuram. Moreover, in the year 1341 a flood created an island, Puthuvippu (<a href="/wiki/Vypin" title="Vypin">Vypin</a>), and Cochin became a noted <a href="/wiki/Natural_harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural harbor">natural harbour</a> for the Indian Ocean trade.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old <a href="/wiki/Kodungallore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodungallore">Kodungallore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cranganore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranganore">Cranganore</a>) port lost its importance, which may also be a cause for the shift of the capital. From there on Perumpadapu Swaroopam used the name <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin Royal Family">Cochin Royal Family</a>. </p><p>Finally, the arrival of the Portuguese on the Indian subcontinent in the sixteenth century likely influenced Cochin politics. The kingdom of Cochin was among the first Indian nations to sign a formal treaty with a European power, negotiating trade terms with <a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a> in 1500. </p><p>The palace at Kalvathhi was originally the residence of the kings. In 1555, though, the royal palace moved to <a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later relocated to <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a>. At that time Penvazithampuran (Female Thampuran) and the other Kochuthampurans (other Thampurans except the Valliathampuran (King)) stayed at a palace in Vellarapilly. </p><p>In the beginning of the 18th century <a href="/wiki/Thripunithura" class="mw-redirect" title="Thripunithura">Thripunithura</a> started gaining prominence. The kingdom was ruled from <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin">Cochin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thripunithura" class="mw-redirect" title="Thripunithura">Thripunithura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1755 Penvazithampuran (Female Thampuran) and the other Kochuthampurans (other Thampurans) left Vellarapalli and started to live in Thripunithura. Thus Thripunithura became the capital of the Cochin Royal Family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Maharajas_of_Cochin">List of Maharajas of Cochin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: List of Maharajas of Cochin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veerakerala Varma, nephew of <a href="/wiki/Cheraman_Perumal" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheraman Perumal">Cheraman Perumal</a>, is the person traditionally believed to be the first Maharaja of Cochin. The written records of the dynasty, however, date from 1503 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>. The Maharaja of Cochin was also called Gangadhara Kovil Adhikaarikal, meaning head of all temples.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kings followed <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">matrilineal</a> system of inheritance. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hill_Palace_Museum_Tripunithura_DSC_1243_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hill_Palace_Museum_Tripunithura_DSC_1243_11.jpg/200px-Hill_Palace_Museum_Tripunithura_DSC_1243_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hill_Palace_Museum_Tripunithura_DSC_1243_11.jpg/300px-Hill_Palace_Museum_Tripunithura_DSC_1243_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hill_Palace_Museum_Tripunithura_DSC_1243_11.jpg/400px-Hill_Palace_Museum_Tripunithura_DSC_1243_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Hill Palace, the main palace</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rajah_of_Cochin_1868_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rajah_of_Cochin_1868_%282%29.jpg/220px-Rajah_of_Cochin_1868_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rajah_of_Cochin_1868_%282%29.jpg/330px-Rajah_of_Cochin_1868_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rajah_of_Cochin_1868_%282%29.jpg/440px-Rajah_of_Cochin_1868_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1614" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_XIV" title="Rama Varma XIV">Rama Varma XIV</a>, The Rajah of Cochin in 1868</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H_H_Raja_of_Cochin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/H_H_Raja_of_Cochin.jpg/220px-H_H_Raja_of_Cochin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/H_H_Raja_of_Cochin.jpg/330px-H_H_Raja_of_Cochin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/H_H_Raja_of_Cochin.jpg/440px-H_H_Raja_of_Cochin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="868" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_XV" title="Rama Varma XV">Rama Varma XV</a> better known as His Abdicated Highness</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keralavarma_king.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Keralavarma_king.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="276" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aikya_Keralam_Thampuran" title="Aikya Keralam Thampuran">Maharaja Kerala Varma Thampuran a.k.a.<br /> Aikya Keralam Thampuran</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_Portuguese_ally">As a Portuguese ally</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: As a Portuguese ally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Unniraman Koyikal II (1503-1537)</li> <li>Veera Kerala Varma I (1537–1565)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshava_Rama_Varma" title="Keshava Rama Varma">Keshava Rama Varma</a> (1565–1601)</li> <li>Veera Kerala Varma II (1601–1615)</li> <li>Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)</li> <li>Veera Kerala Varma III (1624–1637)</li> <li>Goda Varma I (1637–1645)</li> <li>Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)</li> <li>Veera Kerala Varma IV (1646–1650)</li> <li>Rama Varma I (1650–1656)</li> <li>Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658, regency<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>Rama Varma II (1658–1662)</li> <li>Goda Varma II (1662–1663)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_Dutch_ally">As a Dutch ally</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: As a Dutch ally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Veera Kerala Varma V (1663–1687)</li> <li>Rama Varma III (1687–1693)</li> <li>Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)</li> <li>Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)</li> <li>Rama Varma V (1701–1721)</li> <li>Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)</li> <li>Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)</li> <li>Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)</li> <li>Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)</li> <li>Kerala Varma II (1760–1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_VIII" title="Rama Varma VIII">Rama Varma VIII</a> (1775–1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama Varma IX">Rama Varma IX</a> (Shaktan Thampuran) (1790–1805)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_British_princely_state">As a British princely state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: As a British princely state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_X" title="Rama Varma X">Rama Varma X</a> (1805–1809) – Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Vellarapali")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Varma_III" title="Kerala Varma III">Kerala Varma III</a> (Veera Kerala Varma) (1809–1828) – Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "karkidaka" month(ME))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_XI" title="Rama Varma XI">Rama Varma XI</a> (1828–1837) – Thulam-Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thulam" month (ME))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_XII" title="Rama Varma XII">Rama Varma XII</a> (1837–1844) – Edava-Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Edavam" month (ME))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_XIII" title="Rama Varma XIII">Rama Varma XIII</a> (1844–1851) – Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Varma_IV" title="Kerala Varma IV">Kerala Varma IV</a> (Veera Kerala Varma) (1851–1853) – Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Kashi" or Varanasi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Varma_IV" title="Ravi Varma IV">Ravi Varma IV</a> (1853–1864) – Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Makaram" month (ME))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_XIV" title="Rama Varma XIV">Rama Varma XIV</a> (1864–1888) – Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Mithunam" month (ME))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Varma_V" title="Kerala Varma V">Kerala Varma V</a> (1888–1895) – Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chingam" month (ME))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_XV" title="Rama Varma XV">Rama Varma XV</a> (Sir Sri Rama Varma) (1895–1914) – aka Rajarshi, Abdicated Highness (died in 1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_XVI" title="Rama Varma XVI">Rama Varma XVI</a> (1914–1932) – Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_XVII" title="Rama Varma XVII">Rama Varma XVII</a> (1932–1941) – Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Varma_VI" title="Kerala Varma VI">Kerala Varma VI</a> (1941–1943) – Midukkan Thampuran</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Varma_V" title="Ravi Varma V">Ravi Varma V</a> (Ravi Varma Kunjappan Thampuran) (1943–1946) – Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aikya_Keralam_Thampuran" title="Aikya Keralam Thampuran">Kerala Varma VII</a> (1946–1948) – <a href="/wiki/Aikya_Keralam_Thampuran" title="Aikya Keralam Thampuran">Aikya Keralam Thampuran</a> (The King who unified Kerala)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parikshith_Thampuran" class="mw-redirect" title="Parikshith Thampuran">Rama Varma XVIII</a> (1948–1964) was known by the name of <a href="/wiki/Parikshith_Thampuran" class="mw-redirect" title="Parikshith Thampuran">Parikshith Thampuran</a>. He was the last official ruler of the princely state of Cochin. He had signed, in 1949, the accession agreement to Indian Union. The integration was completed in another year.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence_(Titular_only)"><span id="Post-independence_.28Titular_only.29"></span>Post-independence (Titular only)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Post-independence (Titular only)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Parikshith_Thampuran" class="mw-redirect" title="Parikshith Thampuran">Rama Varma XVIII</a> (1948–1964) was known by the name of <a href="/wiki/Parikshith_Thampuran" class="mw-redirect" title="Parikshith Thampuran">Parikshith Thampuran</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_XIX" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama Varma XIX">Rama Varma XIX</a> (1964–1975) – <a href="/wiki/Lalan_Thampuran" title="Lalan Thampuran">Lalan Thampuran</a> – stripped of official recognition in 1971 under the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Purse_in_India#Abolition" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Purse in India">26th Amendment</a> by <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>'s Government.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rama_Varma_XX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rama Varma XX (page does not exist)">Rama Varma XX</a> (1975–2004) – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anyian_Kochunni_Thampuran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anyian Kochunni Thampuran (page does not exist)">Anyian Kochunni Thampuran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerala_Varma_VIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerala Varma VIII (page does not exist)">Kerala Varma VIII</a> (2004–2011) – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kochunni_Thampuran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kochunni Thampuran (page does not exist)">Kochunni Thampuran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_Kochaniyan_Thampuran" title="Rama Varma Kochaniyan Thampuran">Rama Varma XXI</a> (2011–2014) – <a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_Kochaniyan_Thampuran" title="Rama Varma Kochaniyan Thampuran">Kochaniyan Thampuran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_Varma_VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravi Varma VI (page does not exist)">Ravi Varma VI</a> (2014–2020) – <a href="/wiki/Kochaniyan_Thampuran" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochaniyan Thampuran">Kochaniyan Thampuran</a></li> <li>Ravi Varma VII (2020–present) – Mrinalini Thampuran</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_Ministers_of_Cochin_(1947–49)"><span id="Prime_Ministers_of_Cochin_.281947.E2.80.9349.29"></span>Prime Ministers of Cochin (1947–49)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Prime Ministers of Cochin (1947–49)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable" width="50%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#666666; color:white" rowspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-no1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-no1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background-color:#666666; color:white" rowspan="2">Name </th> <th style="background-color:#666666; color:white" rowspan="2">Portrait </th> <th style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="3">Term of office<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background-color:#666666; color:white" rowspan="2" colspan="2">Party </th> <th style="background-color:#666666; color:white" rowspan="2">Assembly </th> <th style="background-color:#666666; color:white" rowspan="2">Appointed by <p><small>(Monarch)</small> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#666666; color:white">From </th> <th style="background-color:#666666; color:white">To </th> <th style="background-color:#666666; color:white">Days in office </th></tr> <tr style="height: 60px;"> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panampilly_Govinda_Menon" title="Panampilly Govinda Menon">Panampilly Govinda Menon</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panampilly_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Panampilly_statue.jpg/78px-Panampilly_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Panampilly_statue.jpg/118px-Panampilly_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Panampilly_statue.jpg/157px-Panampilly_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="975" /></a></span> </td> <td>14 August 1947 </td> <td>22 October 1947 </td> <td>51 days </td> <td rowspan="3">Independent </td> <td rowspan="3" width="4px" style="background-color: grey"> </td> <td rowspan="2">Sixth Council <p>(1945–48) </p> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Aikya_Keralam_Thampuran" title="Aikya Keralam Thampuran">Kerala Varna VII</a>, <p><a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja of Cochin">Maharaja of Cochin</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="height: 60px;"> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/T._K._Nair" title="T. K. Nair">T. K. Nair</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>27 October 1947 </td> <td>20 September 1948 </td> <td>334 days </td></tr> <tr style="height: 60px;"> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E._Ikkanda_Warrier" title="E. Ikkanda Warrier">E. Ikkanda Warrier</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ikkanda_variar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ikkanda_variar.jpg/55px-Ikkanda_variar.jpg" decoding="async" width="55" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ikkanda_variar.jpg/83px-Ikkanda_variar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ikkanda_variar.jpg/110px-Ikkanda_variar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="649" /></a></span> </td> <td>20 September 1948 </td> <td>30 June 1949 </td> <td>283 days </td> <td>Legislative <p>Assembly </p><p>(1948–49) </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chiefs_of_Cochin">Chiefs of Cochin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Chiefs of Cochin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Paliath_Achan" title="Paliath Achan">Paliath Achan</a> of the Paliam family of <a href="/wiki/Chendamangalam" title="Chendamangalam">Chendamangalam</a>, played an important part in the politics of Cochin State since the early seventeenth century, and held hereditary rights to the ministership of <a href="/wiki/Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin">Cochin</a>. The Paliath Achan was the most powerful person after the king, and he sometimes exerted more power than the king. The <i>Paliyam swaroopam</i>, was second to the <i>Perumpadappu swaroopam in terms of power but much larger in terms of wealth and land owned.</i> </p><p>Other powerful lords around these areas were Cheranellore Karthavu who was the head of the Anchi Kaimals, Muriyanatt (Mukundapuram-Nadavarambu) Nambiar who was the head of Arunattil Prabhus, Kodassery Kartha Mappranam Prabhu-Vellose Nair, Changaramponnath Kartha, Chengazhi Nambiar (Chengazhinad Naduvazhi), and Edappali Nampiyathiri. </p><p>KP Padmanabha Menon in his <i>History of Kerala, Vol 2</i> mentions the Anji Kaimals whose Chief was the Cheranellur Kartha as owning all of Eranakulam. In fact, Eranakulam is known as Anji Kaimal in the early maps of Kerala. See Dutch in Malabar (Dutch Records No 13), 1910 shows a map from <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>1740 that shows the area of AnjiKaimal as almost twice as large as the Cochin State. The other chiefs he mentions quoting Gollennesse (Dutch East India Company) is the 1) Moorianatt Nambiar 2) Paliath Achan (mentioned above), 3)Codacherry (Kotasseri) Kaimal, 4) Caimalieone (female Kaimal) of Corretty, 5) Changera Codda Kaimal, and 6) Panamoocattu Kaimal (Panambakadu Kaimal). The last four Kaimals are known as the Kaimals of Nandietter Nadu. The Kaimals of Nandietter Nadu had Nayar troops of 43,000 according to Heer Van Reede of the Dutch East India Company from 1694.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matrilineal_inheritance">Matrilineal inheritance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Matrilineal inheritance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cochin royal family followed the system of matrilineal succession known as <a href="/wiki/Marumakkatayam" class="mw-redirect" title="Marumakkatayam">Marumakkatayam</a>. Traditionally the female members of the family marry (Sambandham) with <a href="/wiki/Namboodiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Namboodiri">Namboodiri</a> Brahmins while male members marry women of the <a href="/wiki/Nair" title="Nair">Nair</a>/<a href="/wiki/Menon_(title)" title="Menon (title)">Menon</a> class. These wives of the male members are not Ranis or Queens as per the matrilineal system but instead get the title of <a href="/wiki/Panapillai_Amma" class="mw-redirect" title="Panapillai Amma">Nethyar Amma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_rituals">Traditional rituals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Traditional rituals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "Shodasakriyakal" refers to sixteen rites to be performed by all members, as structured through "Smruthi". </p> <ol><li>Sekom (Garbhaadhaanam): A rite to be performed just before the first sexual intercourse after marriage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pumsavanam">Pumsavanom</a>: To be performed just after conception.</li> <li>Seemantham: Performed after <a href="/wiki/Pumsavanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pumsavanam">Pumsavanom</a>.</li> <li>Jathakarmam: Performed just after birth.</li> <li>Naamakaranam: Naming ceremony of the child.</li> <li>(Upa)nishkramanam (Vaathilpurappadu): Involves taking the child out of the house for the first time.</li> <li>Choroonu: The first ceremonial intake of rice by the child.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Choulam</a>: The first haircut ceremony of the boy/ girl.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Upanayanam">Upanayanam</a>: The wearing of <a href="/wiki/Sacred_thread" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred thread">sacred thread</a>, known as poonool in Malayalam (only for boys).</li> <li>Mahaanamneevrutham (Aanduvrutham):</li> <li>Mahaavrutham</li> <li>Upanishadvrutham</li> <li>Godaanam: Rites as part of thanks-giving to the Aacharyan (priest or teacher), which includes giving cows.</li> <li>Samaavarthanam: A long ritual for the completion of the above said Vedic education.</li> <li>Marriage</li> <li>Agniadhaanam: A rite performed as an extension of Oupaasanam and introduction to Sroutha rites, after the death.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deities">Deities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Deities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SreePoornathrayeesa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/SreePoornathrayeesa.jpg/150px-SreePoornathrayeesa.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/SreePoornathrayeesa.jpg/225px-SreePoornathrayeesa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/SreePoornathrayeesa.jpg/300px-SreePoornathrayeesa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Paradevatha (goddess): Vannery Chitrakoodam, <a href="/wiki/Pazhayannur" title="Pazhayannur">Pazhayannur</a> Bhagavathy, <a href="/wiki/Chazhur" class="mw-redirect" title="Chazhur">Chazhur</a> <a href="/wiki/Pazhayannur" title="Pazhayannur">Pazhayannur</a> Bhagavathy</li> <li>Paradevan (god): <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sree_Poornathrayesa_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sree Poornathrayesa temple">Sree Poornathrayeesa</a>), Tiruvanchikulathappan (Lord Shiva of <a href="/wiki/Thiruvanchikulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruvanchikulam">Thiruvanchikulam</a> between <a href="/wiki/North_Paravur" title="North Paravur">North Paravur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kodungallore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodungallore">Kodungallore</a>)</li> <li>Other deities: <a href="/wiki/Chottanikkara_Temple" title="Chottanikkara Temple">Chottanikkara Bhagavathy</a>, Pulpalli Thevar and many more</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming_practice_of_male_Thampuran">Naming practice of male Thampuran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Naming practice of male Thampuran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Cochin royal family all the male Thampurans were named according to the following convention. </p> <ul><li>Eldest son – Rama Varma</li> <li>Second son – Kerala Varma .<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Third son – Ravi Varma</li> <li>Fourth son - Rama Varma</li></ul> <p>.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Cochin_Royal_Family_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Cochin_Royal_Family-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming_practice_of_female_Thampuran">Naming practice of female Thampuran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Naming practice of female Thampuran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Cochin royal family the female Thampurans were named according to the following convention. </p> <ul><li>First daughter – <i>Amba</i></li> <li>Second daughter – <i>Subhadra</i></li></ul> <p>This naming convention is followed again to the third daughter and fourth etc. </p><p>Both the female and male members are called by the name "Thampuran" and have same last name (Thampuran).<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Cochin_Royal_Family_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Cochin_Royal_Family-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parukutty_Nethyar_Amma">Parukutty Nethyar Amma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Parukutty Nethyar Amma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parukutty_Nethyar_Amma" title="Parukutty Nethyar Amma">Parukutty Nethyar Amma</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> Rama Varma (popularly known as Madrassil Theepetta Thampuran), who reigned from 1914 to 1932, was assisted by a particularly able <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">consort</a> named <a href="/wiki/Parukutty_Nethyar_Amma" title="Parukutty Nethyar Amma">Parukutty Nethyar Amma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a member of the famous <a href="/wiki/Thrissur_district" title="Thrissur district">Thrissur</a> Vadakke Kurupath family which was an aristocratic <a href="/wiki/Nair" title="Nair">Nair</a>/<a href="/wiki/Menon_(title)" title="Menon (title)">Menon</a> family. Her father Kuroor Narayanan Namboothirippad, belonged to a family that traditionally had the honour of anointing the Kings of <a href="/wiki/Palakkad_district" title="Palakkad district">Palakkad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She married the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a>, then fourth in line to the succession when she was fourteen years old in 1888. Her husband ascended the throne as a result of the abdication of his predecessor. Since the Maharaja was a scholar and had other interests, she took over the finances of the state. Under her guidance salaries were quadrupled and the increased revenue earned her a 17-gun salute. Parukutty Nethyar Amma was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser-i-Hind_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiser-i-Hind Medal">Kaiser-i-Hind Medal</a> by King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> in 1919 for public work and came to be known as Lady Rama Varma of Cochin.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cochin_royal_family_today">Cochin royal family today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Cochin royal family today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of the dynasty are spread all over the world. The family is one of the world's largest royal families, numbering more than 1000 people, and many members of the family still live in and around <a href="/wiki/Thripunithura" class="mw-redirect" title="Thripunithura">Thripunithura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chazhoor" title="Chazhoor">Chazhur</a>), and other parts of Kochi.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current head of the Royal Family of Cochin is Smt. Mrinalini Thampuran (b. 1925) who is 97 years old and resides in Tripunithura.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chazhur_Kovilakam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chazhoor village holds the ancient palace of Chazhoor (Chazur) kovilakom. This is the root (moola thavazhi) of the Cochin royal family, in Thrissur district (Perumpadappu swaroopam)."><img alt="Chazhoor village holds the ancient palace of Chazhoor (Chazur) kovilakom. This is the root (moola thavazhi) of the Cochin royal family, in Thrissur district (Perumpadappu swaroopam)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chazhur_Kovilakam.jpg/200px-Chazhur_Kovilakam.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chazhur_Kovilakam.jpg/300px-Chazhur_Kovilakam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chazhur_Kovilakam.jpg/400px-Chazhur_Kovilakam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chazhoor village holds the ancient palace of Chazhoor (Chazur) kovilakom. This is the root (moola thavazhi) of the Cochin royal family, in Thrissur district (Perumpadappu swaroopam).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chazhur_Kovilakam_Vadakke_kettu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vadakke kettu (nalukettu in the north side of the Palace)"><img alt="Vadakke kettu (nalukettu in the north side of the Palace)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Chazhur_Kovilakam_Vadakke_kettu.jpg/200px-Chazhur_Kovilakam_Vadakke_kettu.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Chazhur_Kovilakam_Vadakke_kettu.jpg/300px-Chazhur_Kovilakam_Vadakke_kettu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Chazhur_Kovilakam_Vadakke_kettu.jpg/400px-Chazhur_Kovilakam_Vadakke_kettu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vadakke kettu (nalukettu in the north side of the Palace)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Naalukettu (Kerala style of joint family house) of Chazhoor royal family is in this village."><img alt="The Naalukettu (Kerala style of joint family house) of Chazhoor royal family is in this village." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.JPG/200px-Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.JPG/300px-Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.JPG/400px-Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Naalukettu (Kerala style of joint family house) of Chazhoor royal family is in this village.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nalukettu"><img alt="Nalukettu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.jpg/200px-Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.jpg/300px-Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.jpg/400px-Chazhur_Kovilakam_Nalukettu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nalukettu</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:APPUKKUTTAN_THAMPURAN.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Late Shri KeralaVarma Appukuttan Thampuran (1943–2012), a member of Chazhur Kovilakam"><img alt="Late Shri KeralaVarma Appukuttan Thampuran (1943–2012), a member of Chazhur Kovilakam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/APPUKKUTTAN_THAMPURAN.JPG/133px-APPUKKUTTAN_THAMPURAN.JPG" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/APPUKKUTTAN_THAMPURAN.JPG/200px-APPUKKUTTAN_THAMPURAN.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/APPUKKUTTAN_THAMPURAN.JPG/266px-APPUKKUTTAN_THAMPURAN.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Late Shri KeralaVarma Appukuttan Thampuran (1943–2012), a member of Chazhur Kovilakam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malika.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chazhur Kovilakam Vadakkekettu – Maalika"><img alt="Chazhur Kovilakam Vadakkekettu – Maalika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Malika.JPG/133px-Malika.JPG" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Malika.JPG/200px-Malika.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Malika.JPG/266px-Malika.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chazhur Kovilakam Vadakkekettu – Maalika</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zamorin_of_Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamorin of Calicut">Zamorin of Calicut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Political integration of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kochi" title="History of Kochi">History of Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrippunithura" title="Thrippunithura">Thrippunithura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paliath_Achan" title="Paliath Achan">Paliath Achan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumpadappu,_Malappuram" title="Perumpadappu, Malappuram">Perumpadappu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-no1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-no1_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A parenthetical number indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-askh-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-askh_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-askh_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-askh_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-askh_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-askh_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-askh_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-askh_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A Survey of Kerala History, A. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kerala.com/ke_historyancient.htm">the original</a> on 10 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dames (1921) <i>Book of Duarte Barbosa</i>, p.94-95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geni.com/projects/Kingdom-of-Cochin-The-Cochin-Royal-Family/1940">"Kingdom of Cochin & the Cochin Royal Family. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cochin+Royal+Family+History+%E2%80%93+Post-1715&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crfhs.org%2Ffamilytree%2Ffamilyhistory1.php%3Fcaption_id%3D4%26flg%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cochin" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200415190958/http://kuruppathheritage.com/history">"Kuruppath | History"</a>. 15 April 2020. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kuruppath+%7C+History&rft.date=2020-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkuruppathheritage.com%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cochin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/results.aspx?tab=2&Page=1&ContainAllWords=Naithyarammah&ExactPhrase=British+Library%2c+Asia%2c+Pacific+and+Africa+Collections&Places=British+Library%2c+Asia%2c+Pacific+and+Africa+Collections">The National Archives | A2A | Results</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031208162309/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/03/stories/2003030300550200.htm">"Seeking royal roots"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. India. 2003. Archived from the original on 8 December 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Seeking+royal+roots&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hinduonnet.com%2Fthehindu%2Fmp%2F2003%2F03%2F03%2Fstories%2F2003030300550200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cochin" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cochinroyalhistory.org/profile.php">"History of Cochin Royal Family"</a>. <i>cochinroyalhistory.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cochinroyalhistory.org&rft.atitle=History+of+Cochin+Royal+Family&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cochinroyalhistory.org%2Fprofile.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Cochin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Genealogy of Cochin Royal Family</i> – By <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rameshan_Thampuran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rameshan Thampuran (page does not exist)">Rameshan Thampuran</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Katz, Nathan and Goldberg, Helen S. <i>Kashrut, Caste and Kabbalah: The Religious Life of the Jews of Cochin</i>. Mahonar Books, 2005.</li> <li>Kulke, Herman. <i>A History of India</i>. New York: Routledge, 2004.</li> <li>Menon, P. Shungoonny. <i>History of Travancore from the Earliest Times</i>. 1878.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistorytravanc00menogoog">[1]</a></li> <li>Pillai, Elamkulam Kunjan. <i>Studies in Kerala History</i>. Kottayam, 1970.</li> <li>Ramachandran, Rathi. <i>History of Medieval Kerala</i>. Pragati Publications, 2005.</li> <li>Thampuran, Rameshan. <i>Genealogy of Cochin Royal Family</i>.</li> <li>History of Kerala, KP Padmanabha Menon, Vol. 2.</li> <li>Chazhoor Copperplate, S. Rajendu, Kottayam, 2015.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Hill_Palace,_Tripunithura" title="Hill Palace, Tripunithura">Hill Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durbar_Hall_Ground" title="Durbar Hall Ground">Durbar Hall Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyittuvazhcha_Kovilakam" title="Ariyittuvazhcha Kovilakam">Ariyittuvazhcha Kovilakam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edappally" title="Edappally">Edappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Nagar,_Kochi" title="Gandhi Nagar, Kochi">Gandhi Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaloor" title="Kaloor">Kaloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Kochi" title="Marine Drive, Kochi"> Marine Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palarivattom" title="Palarivattom">Palarivattom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panampilly_Nagar" title="Panampilly Nagar">Panampilly Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakkanad" title="Kakkanad">Kakkanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadavanthra" title="Kadavanthra">Kadavanthra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripunithura" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripunithura">Tripunithura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyttila" title="Vyttila">Vyttila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willingdon_Island" title="Willingdon Island">Willingdon Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kochi" title="History of Kochi">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingdom of Cochin</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Junction_railway_station" title="Ernakulam Junction railway station">Ernakulam Junction railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Terminus_railway_station" title="Ernakulam Terminus railway station">Ernakulam Terminus railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Town_railway_station" title="Ernakulam Town railway station">Ernakulam Town railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Port" title="Cochin Port">Cochin Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Shipyard" title="Cochin Shipyard">Cochin Shipyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Urban_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation">Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Kerala State Road Transport Corporation">Kerala State Road Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Water_Transport_Department" title="Kerala State Water Transport Department">Kerala State Water Transport Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Metro" title="Kochi Metro">Kochi Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyttila_Mobility_Hub" title="Vyttila Mobility Hub">Vyttila Mobility Hub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kochi Municipal Corporation">Kochi Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_High_Court" title="Kerala High Court">Kerala High Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Stock_Exchange" title="Cochin Stock Exchange">Cochin Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerfed" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumerfed">Consumerfed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertilisers_and_Chemicals_Travancore" title="Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore">Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority" title="Greater Cochin Development Authority">Greater Cochin Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Container_Transshipment_Terminal,_Kochi" title="International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi">International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Civil_Supplies_Corporation" title="Kerala State Civil Supplies Corporation">Kerala State Civil Supplies Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Refineries" title="Kochi Refineries">Kochi Refineries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_Mall" title="Oberon Mall">Oberon Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulu_International_Shopping_Mall,_Kochi" title="Lulu International Shopping Mall, Kochi">LuLu International Shopping Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Souk_Grande,_Kochi" title="Gold Souk Grande, Kochi">Gold Souk Grandé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_Nucleus_Mall" title="Abad Nucleus Mall">Abad Nucleus Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_Thomsun_Mall" title="Forum Thomsun Mall">Forum Thomsun Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q1_Mall" title="Q1 Mall">Q1 Mall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kochi" title="Culture of Kochi">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Cochin Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Catholics_of_Malabar" title="Latin Catholics of Malabar">Latin Catholics of Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luso-Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Luso-Indians">Luso-Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Kerala">Cuisine of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kerala" title="Culture of Kerala">Culture of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabhavan" title="Kalabhavan">Kalabhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Major_Archeparchy_of_Ernakulam-Angamaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly">Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Cochin" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin">Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Verapoly" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chottanikkara_Temple" title="Chottanikkara Temple">Chottanikkara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Poornathrayeesa_Temple" title="Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple">Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Shiva_Temple" title="Ernakulam Shiva Temple">Ernakulam Shiva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamaramkulangara_Sree_Dharma_Sastha_Temple" title="Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha Temple">Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadavumbhagam_Ernakulam_Synagogue" title="Kadavumbhagam Ernakulam Synagogue">Kadavumbhagam Ernakulam Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadavumbhagam_Mattancherry_Synagogue" title="Kadavumbhagam Mattancherry Synagogue">Kadavumbhagam Mattancherry Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradesi_Synagogue" title="Paradesi Synagogue">Paradesi Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Cathedral_Basilica,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam">St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Forane_Church,_Edappally" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church, Edappally">St. George Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church, Edappally </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Church,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Francis Church, Kochi">St. Francis Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallarpadam_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallarpadam Church">Vallarpadam Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amala_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Amala Institute of Medical Sciences">Amala Institute of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrita_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences_and_Research_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre">Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aster_Medcity" title="Aster Medcity">Aster Medcity</a></li> <li>Gautham Hospital</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Hospital,_Ernakulam" title="General Hospital, Ernakulam">General Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Co-operative_Hospital" title="Indira Gandhi Co-operative Hospital">Indira Gandhi Co-operative Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeshore_Hospital" title="Lakeshore Hospital">Lakeshore Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisie_Hospital,_Kochi" title="Lisie Hospital, Kochi">Lisie Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisie_Heart_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisie Heart Institute">Lisie Heart Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lourdes_Heart_institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Lourdes Heart institute">Lourdes Heart institute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lourdes_Hospital_(Kerala)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lourdes Hospital (Kerala) (page does not exist)">Lourdes Hospital (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Augustine_Kandathil_Memorial_Lisie_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Augustine Kandathil Memorial Lisie Hospital">Mar Augustine Kandathil Memorial Lisie Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Trust_Hospital" title="Medical Trust Hospital">Medical Trust Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraf_Hospital" title="Saraf Hospital">Saraf Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Hospital_Kochi" title="Sunrise Hospital Kochi">Sunrise Hospital Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renai_medicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Renai medicity">Renai medicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagiri_Hospital" title="Rajagiri Hospital">Rajagiri Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assisi_Vidyaniketan_Public_School" title="Assisi Vidyaniketan Public School">Assissi Vidyaniketan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Vidya_Bhavan" title="Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan">Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Vidyalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinmaya Vidyalaya">Chinmaya Vidyalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Choice School">Choice School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Refineries_School" title="Cochin Refineries School">Cochin Refineries School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya">Kendriya Vidyalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Children_School" title="Navy Children School">Navy Children School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Higher_Secondary_School,_Thevara" title="Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School, Thevara">Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School, Thevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Rama_Varma_High_School" title="Sree Rama Varma High School">SRV High School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St.Treasas_Convent_Girls_Higher_Secondary_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St.Treasas Convent Girls Higher Secondary School (page does not exist)">St.Treasas Convent Girls Higher Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toc-H_Public_School" title="Toc-H Public School">Toc-H Public School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Delta_Study" title="The Delta Study">The Delta Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyodaya_School" title="Vidyodaya School">Vidyodaya School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Cochin University of Science and Technology">Cochin University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Advanced_Legal_Studies" title="National University of Advanced Legal Studies">National University of Advanced Legal Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Marine_Fisheries_Research_Institute" title="Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute">Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Sankaracharya_University_of_Sanskrit" title="Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit">Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Engineering_College" title="Model Engineering College">Model Engineering College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Law_College,_Ernakulam" title="Government Law College, Ernakulam">Government Law College, Ernakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Communication_and_Management_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Communication and Management Studies">School of Communication and Management Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertian_Institute_of_Management" title="Albertian Institute of Management">Albertian Institute of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagiri_School_of_Engineering_%26_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology">Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Federal Institute of Science and Technology">Federal Institute of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_College,_Thevara" title="Sacred Heart College, Thevara">Sacred Heart College, Thevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCMS_School_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="SCMS School of Engineering and Technology">SCMS School of Engineering and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Teresa%27s_College" title="St. Teresa's College">St. Teresa's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja%27s_College,_Ernakulam" title="Maharaja's College, Ernakulam">Maharaja's College, Ernakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MES_College_Marampally,_Aluva" title="MES College Marampally, Aluva">MES College Marampally, Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Medical_College,_Ernakulam" title="Government Medical College, Ernakulam">Government Medical College, Ernakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharata_Mata_College" title="Bharata Mata College">Bharata Mata College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Albert%27s_College" title="St. Albert's College">St. Albert's College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Road_(Kochi)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Road (Kochi)">Mahatma Gandhi Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittoor_Road" title="Chittoor Road">Chittoor Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banerji_Road" title="Banerji Road">Banerji Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanmugham_Road" title="Shanmugham Road">Shanmugham Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_(Kochi)" title="Park Avenue (Kochi)">Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.A_Road" title="S.A Road">S.A Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaloor-Kadavanthra_Road" title="Kaloor-Kadavanthra Road">Kaloor-Kadavanthra Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Bypass" title="Kochi Bypass">Kochi Bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaport-Airport_Road" title="Seaport-Airport Road">Seaport-Airport Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium_(Kochi)" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)">Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Sports_Centre,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Sports Centre, Kochi">Regional Sports Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja%27s_College_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja's College Stadium">Maharaja's College Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FACT_Stadium" title="FACT Stadium">FACT Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Blasters_FC" title="Kerala Blasters FC">Kerala Blasters FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Tuskers_Kerala" title="Kochi Tuskers Kerala">Kochi Tuskers Kerala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Press</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Malayala_Manorama" title="Malayala Manorama">Malayala Manorama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mathrubhumi" title="Mathrubhumi">Mathrubhumi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madhyamam_Daily" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhyamam Daily">Madhyamam Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deshabhimani" title="Deshabhimani">Deshabhimani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sathyadeepam" title="Sathyadeepam">Sathyadeepam</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surya_TV" title="Surya TV">Surya TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowers_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowers (TV channel)">Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeevan_TV" title="Jeevan TV">Jeevan TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reporter_TV" title="Reporter TV">Reporter TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochu_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochu TV">Kochu TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiavision" title="Indiavision">Indiavision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gun_salute_princely_states_(salute_states)_during_the_British_Raj" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Salute_states" title="Template:Salute states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Salute_states" title="Template talk:Salute states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Salute_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Salute states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gun_salute_princely_states_(salute_states)_during_the_British_Raj" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_salute" title="Gun salute">Gun salute</a> <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely states</a> (<a href="/wiki/Salute_state" title="Salute state">salute states</a>) during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroda_State" title="Baroda State">Baroda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_State" title="Gwalior State">Gwalior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal_State" title="Bhopal State">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indore_State" title="Indore State">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kalat" title="Khanate of Kalat">Kalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolhapur_State" title="Kolhapur State">Kolhapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udaipur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Udaipur State">Udaipur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahawalpur_(princely_state)" title="Bahawalpur (princely state)">Bahawalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatpur_State" title="Bharatpur State">Bharatpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikaner_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikaner State">Bikaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundi_State" title="Bundi State">Bundi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutch_State" title="Cutch State">Cutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Amber" title="Kingdom of Amber">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Jodhpur State">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karauli_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Karauli State">Karauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota State">Kota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patiala_State" title="Patiala State">Patiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudukkottai_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudukkottai State">Pudukkottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewa_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewa State">Rewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonk_State" title="Tonk State">Tonk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alwar_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Alwar State">Alwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banswara_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Banswara State">Banswara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datia_State" title="Datia State">Datia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewas_Senior" title="Dewas Senior">Dewas Sr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewas_Junior" title="Dewas Junior">Dewas Jr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhar_State" title="Dhar State">Dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholpur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholpur State">Dholpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungarpur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungarpur State">Dungarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idar_State" title="Idar State">Idar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaisalmer_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaisalmer State">Jaisalmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khairpur_(princely_state)" title="Khairpur (princely state)">Khairpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishangarh_State" title="Kishangarh State">Kishangarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchha_State" title="Orchha State">Orchha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratapgarh_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratapgarh State">Pratapgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampur_State" title="Rampur State">Rampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirohi_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirohi State">Sirohi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benares_State" title="Benares State">Benares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavnagar_State" title="Bhavnagar State">Bhavnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooch_Behar_State" title="Cooch Behar State">Cooch Behar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhrangadhra_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhrangadhra State">Dhrangadhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaora_State" title="Jaora State">Jaora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhalawar_State" title="Jhalawar State">Jhalawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jind_State" title="Jind State">Jind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junagadh_State" title="Junagadh State">Junagadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapurthala_State" title="Kapurthala State">Kapurthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabha_State" title="Nabha State">Nabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawanagar_State" title="Nawanagar State">Nawanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palanpur_State" title="Palanpur State">Palanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porbandar_State" title="Porbandar State">Porbandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajpipla_State" title="Rajpipla State">Rajpipla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratlam_State" title="Ratlam State">Ratlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_(princely_state)" title="Tripura (princely state)">Tripura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaigarh_State" title="Ajaigarh State">Ajaigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alirajpur_State" title="Alirajpur State">Alirajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoni_State" title="Baoni State">Baoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barwani_State" title="Barwani State">Barwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijawar_State" title="Bijawar State">Bijawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahlur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahlur">Bilaspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambay_State" title="Cambay State">Cambay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamba_State" title="Chamba State">Chamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charkhari_State" title="Charkhari State">Charkhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatarpur_State" title="Chhatarpur State">Chhatarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitral_(princely_state)" title="Chitral (princely state)">Chitral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faridkot_State" title="Faridkot State">Faridkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Kingdom" title="Garhwal Kingdom">Tehri Garhwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondal_State" title="Gondal State">Gondal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janjira_State" title="Janjira State">Janjira</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jafarabad_State" title="Jafarabad State">Jafrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhabua_State" title="Jhabua State">Jhabua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malerkotla_State" title="Malerkotla State">Malerkotla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandi_State" title="Mandi State">Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_(princely_state)" title="Manipur (princely state)">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morvi_State" title="Morvi State">Morvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narsinghgarh_State" title="Narsinghgarh State">Narsinghgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panna_State" title="Panna State">Panna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhanpur_State" title="Radhanpur State">Radhanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajgarh_State" title="Rajgarh State">Rajgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailana_State" title="Sailana State">Sailana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samthar_State" title="Samthar State">Samthar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirmur_State" title="Sirmur State">Sirmur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitamau_State" title="Sitamau State">Sitamau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suket_State" title="Suket State">Suket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankaner_State" title="Wankaner State">Wankaner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9-gun salute</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balasinor_State" title="Balasinor State">Balasinor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banganapalle_State" title="Banganapalle State">Banganapalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bansda_State" title="Bansda State">Bansda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baraundha" title="Baraundha">Baraundha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baria_State" title="Baria State">Baria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhor_State" title="Bhor State">Bhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhota_Udaipur_State" title="Chhota Udaipur State">Chhota Udaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danta_State" title="Danta State">Danta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharampur_State" title="Dharampur State">Dharampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhrol_State" title="Dhrol State">Dhrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawhar_State" title="Jawhar State">Jawhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahandi_State" title="Kalahandi State">Kalahandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilchipur_State" title="Khilchipur State">Khilchipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbdi_State" title="Limbdi State">Limbdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loharu_State" title="Loharu State">Loharu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunavada_State" title="Lunavada State">Lunavada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maihar_State" title="Maihar State">Maihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurbhanj_State" title="Mayurbhanj State">Mayurbhanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudhol_State" title="Mudhol State">Mudhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagod_State" title="Nagod State">Nagod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palitana_State" title="Palitana State">Palitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_State" title="Patna State">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkot_State" title="Rajkot State">Rajkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachin_State" title="Sachin State">Sachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangli_State" title="Sangli State">Sangli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_State" title="Sant State">Sant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawantwadi_State" title="Sawantwadi State">Sawantwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahpura_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahpura State">Shahpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonepur_State" title="Sonepur State">Sonepur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadhwan_State" title="Wadhwan State">Wadhwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawnghwe" title="Yawnghwe">Yawnghwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salute_state" title="Salute state">Salute state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princely_states_of_the_Madras_States_Agency_during_the_British_Raj" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princely_states_of_the_Madras_States_Agency" title="Template:Princely states of the Madras States Agency"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princely_states_of_the_Madras_States_Agency" title="Template talk:Princely states of the Madras States Agency"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princely_states_of_the_Madras_States_Agency" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princely states of the Madras States Agency"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princely_states_of_the_Madras_States_Agency_during_the_British_Raj" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Madras_States_Agency" title="Madras States Agency">Madras States Agency</a> during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salute_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Salute states">Salute states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banganapalle_State" title="Banganapalle State">Banganapalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin State">Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudukkottai_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudukkottai State">Pudukkottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore State">Travancore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-salute states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandur_State" title="Sandur State">Sandur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portuguese_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template talk:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portuguese_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1415–1640</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1458–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Alcácer Ceguer <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Qsar es Seghir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Asilah" title="Portuguese Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Tangier" title="Portuguese Tangier">Tangier</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1485–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1487–16th century</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ouadane" title="Ouadane">Ouadane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1488–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Safi,_Morocco" title="Safi, Morocco">Safim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Safi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1489</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Graciosa_fortress" title="Graciosa fortress">Graciosa</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué <span style="font-size:85%;">(Agadir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Mogador <span style="font-size:85%;">(Essaouira)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Souira_Guedima" title="Souira Guedima">Aguz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Souira Guedima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1769</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1513–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azamor <span style="font-size:85%;">(Azemmour)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mehdya,_Morocco" title="Mehdya, Morocco">São João da Mamora <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mehdya)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1577–1589</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Asilah" title="Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)"><img alt="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/300px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/450px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/600px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Sub-Saharan_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sub-Saharan Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1455–1633</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguim</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1462–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1470–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_Island" title="São Tomé Island">São Tomé</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Príncipe">Príncipe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1474–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Annob%C3%B3n" title="Annobón">Annobón</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1478–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Fernando Poo <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bioko)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1637</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Elmina" title="Elmina">Elmina <span style="font-size:85%;">(São Jorge da Mina)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1642</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Gold_Coast" title="Portuguese Gold Coast">Portuguese Gold Coast</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1540</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1630</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Malindi" title="Malindi">Malindi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1501–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1502–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1503–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1512</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Quíloa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kilwa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1511</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1508–1547<sup><small>2</small></sup></td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1578</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1575–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1593–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1645–1888</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ziguinchor" title="Ziguinchor">Ziguinchor</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_de_Ajud%C3%A1" title="Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá">São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1687–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1728–1729</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1753–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1879–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1885–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cabinda_Province" title="Cabinda Province">Portuguese Congo</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> from 1753.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Or 1600.</li><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> A factory (<a href="/wiki/Anosy" title="Anosy">Anosy Region</a>) and small temporary coastal bases.</li><li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> from 1879.</li><li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> from the 1920s.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Middle_East_&#91;Persian_Gulf&#93;" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Middle East [Persian Gulf]</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1615</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Gamru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bandar Abbas)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1507–1643</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ormus" title="Ormus">Hormuz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ormus)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qurayyat,_Oman" title="Qurayyat, Oman">Quriyat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qalhat" title="Qalhat">Qalhat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1650</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Barka,_Oman" title="Barka, Oman">Barka</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1633?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1602</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Muharraq" title="Muharraq">Muharraq</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>)</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1529?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521?–1551?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Tarout_Island" title="Tarout Island">Tarut Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1550–1551</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muttrah" title="Muttrah">Matrah</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1620–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khor_Fakkan" title="Khor Fakkan">Khor Fakkan</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Seeb" title="Seeb">As Sib</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qeshm_Island" title="Qeshm Island">Qeshm</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khasab" title="Khasab">Khasab</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Al_Badiyah" title="Al Badiyah">Libedia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madha" title="Madha">Madha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dibba_Al-Hisn" title="Dibba Al-Hisn">Dibba Al-Hisn</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kong,_Iran" title="Kong, Iran">Bandar-e Kong</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1545</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Laccadive Islands<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Lakshadweep)</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1500–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kochi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1501–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Cannanore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kannur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1502–1658<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1659–1661</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Coulão / Kollam)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1502–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pallippuram,_Ernakulam" title="Pallippuram, Ernakulam">Pallipuram <span style="font-size:85%;">(Cochin de Cima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1507–1657</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Negapatam" title="Portuguese Negapatam">Negapatam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Nagapatnam)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1510–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1512–1525<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1750</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Kozhikode)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1518–1619</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pulicat" title="Pulicat">Portuguese Paliacate outpost <span style="font-size:85%;">(Pulicat)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1521–1740</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1523–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1528–1666</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Chittagong<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Porto Grande De Bengala)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaliyam" title="Chaliyam">Chalé</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1601</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mumbai)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535–1739</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Baçaím <span style="font-size:85%;">(Vasai-Virar)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1536–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Cranganore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kodungallur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1540–1612</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1548–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Thoothukudi" title="Thoothukudi">Tuticorin <span style="font-size:85%;">(Thoothukudi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1559–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1568–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1579–1632</td><td><a href="/wiki/Hugli-Chuchura" title="Hugli-Chuchura">Hugli</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1598–1610</td><td><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Masulipatnam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Machilipatnam)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1521</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Portuguese Ceylon <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sri Lanka)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1558–1573</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1687–1749</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1779–1954</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="East_Asia_and_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">East Asia and Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1511–1641</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a> [Malaysia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1621</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1522–1575</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1576–1605</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1650</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1665</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1859</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Larantuka" title="Kingdom of Larantuka">Larantuka</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a> [China]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1580–1586</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Nagasaki" title="Portuguese Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> [Japan]</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1642–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>)</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese Macau</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1864–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1851–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1890–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ilha_Verde" title="Ilha Verde">Ilha Verde</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>20th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese Macau </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1938–1941</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Lapa and Montanha <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hengqin)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">invasion by Indonesia</a>. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_America_and_North_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America and North Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b> [Atlantic islands]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1420</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></b></i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1432</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b> [Canada]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Terra Nova <span style="font-size:85%;">(Newfoundland)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1516–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_America_and_Caribbean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America and Caribbean</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1549</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_Colonies_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy Colonies of Brazil">Captaincy Colonies of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1549–1572</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Bahia" title="Governorate General of Bahia">Bahia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1607</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1621–1815</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Brazil" title="State of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1536–1620</td><td> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1751</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_(colonial)" title="State of Maranhão (colonial)">Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1777</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Colonia del Sacramento">Nova Colónia do Sacramento</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1751–1772</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão">Grão-Pará and Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Rio_Negro" title="State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro">Grão-Pará and Rio Negro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_and_Piau%C3%AD" title="State of Maranhão and Piauí">Maranhão and Piauí</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1808–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cisplatina" title="Cisplatina">Cisplatina <span style="font-size:85%;">(Uruguay)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1809–1817</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Portuguese Guiana <span style="font-size:85%;">(Amapá)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peru" title="Upper Peru">Upper Peru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bolivia)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Portuguese_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of Portuguese colonies">Armorial of Portuguese colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Evolution of the Portuguese Empire">Evolution of the Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese colonial architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_the_Portuguese_discovery_of_Australia" title="Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia">Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150056#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150056#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150056#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4529698-4">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&oldid=1258987388">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Cochin&oldid=1258987388</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Category:Kingdom of Cochin">Kingdom of Cochin</a></li><li><a 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