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href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/">Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - UTM</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/Departments/Faculty_of_Civil_Engineering/Documents">Faculty of Civil Engineering</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Alireza" data-follow-user-id="2608281" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" 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Yakub</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - UTM</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/HishamuddinMohdAli"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HishamuddinMohdAli">Hishamuddin Mohd Ali</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://usq.academia.edu/FUllah"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Fahim Ullah" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = 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class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Alireza Valipour</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10530950"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530950/Risk_Identification_and_Assessment_in_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Risk Identification and Assessment in Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523789/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530950/Risk_Identification_and_Assessment_in_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects">Risk Identification and Assessment in Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour">Alireza Valipour</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/NordinYahaya">Nordin Yahaya</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the past two decades, public private partnership has been one of the prevailing ways for the d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the past two decades, public private partnership has been one of the<br />prevailing ways for the development of infrastructures in Malaysia. However, it<br />involves many risks and uncertainties due to a large amount of investment and long<br />concession period. It is very important to recognize and find out the ways to cope<br />with the critical risks that are related to the investments made in PPP projects for the<br />foreign investors. The aim of this article is risk ranking associated with the PPP<br />projects using risk matrix. First, the paper reviews the current literature, consultation<br />and a written survey distributed to the panel of experts to identify common risks in<br />PPP projects<br />. The risks identified from the literature were classified according to the<br />type of risk. From the results, it was found that the critical risks associated with the<br />PPP projects include the third party tort liability, interest rate volatility, construction<br />cost overrun and the change in law. This research study is supposed to provide<br />awareness and highlight the management of the risks associated with the PPP risks in<br />Malaysia.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a36b22302427117beb87cd1134517126" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36523789,"asset_id":10530950,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523789/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10530950"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10530950"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530950; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10530950]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10530950]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530950; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10530950']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a36b22302427117beb87cd1134517126" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10530950]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10530950,"title":"Risk Identification and Assessment in Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10530950/Risk_Identification_and_Assessment_in_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects","owner_id":2608281,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":2608281,"first_name":"Alireza","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Valipour","page_name":"AlirezaValipour","domain_name":"teknologimalaysia","created_at":"2012-10-05T23:58:09.409-07:00","display_name":"Alireza Valipour","url":"https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour"},"attachments":[{"id":36523789,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523789/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"9780784413609.045.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523789/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Risk_Identification_and_Assessment_in_Ma.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36523789/9780784413609.045-libre.pdf?1423130912=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRisk_Identification_and_Assessment_in_Ma.pdf\u0026Expires=1740874987\u0026Signature=QR20wOGg8yUpPPvkIOsZPTqJLm0ws28ANTjV08XvJNNZvwT8LpxVxwHS8d~LepxD0BBYm2ai5mPjIwY8XoqZlVjepIGIkIPPx6CACeI5N4K93SCEQrKbtHPNoqobuATbLEaxjEcZloiPRtmM6pghKzttRQNGIFJIgIuLAd3DiLJ~I6cVAIoSmX7K7~kkhNu5o5BSws0wNe9LcVy0W9G8o60OwGfWqYbsCyO1hKhR5MGWGbDtMOKzXcclS5HoH1eVuVnNZtHQhGpXCXJrOt3tkIIOOU-eKCNc053VVCAd~xpZD8C8lTZSOTudQFm5RFXjnpzx6xDcfWfb~dOXKTO2dA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10530870"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530870/Analytic_Network_Process_Approach_to_Risk_Allocation_of_EPC_Projects_Case_Study_Gas_Refinery_EPC_Projects_in_Iran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Analytic Network Process Approach to Risk Allocation of EPC Projects Case Study: Gas Refinery EPC Projects in Iran " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523713/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530870/Analytic_Network_Process_Approach_to_Risk_Allocation_of_EPC_Projects_Case_Study_Gas_Refinery_EPC_Projects_in_Iran">Analytic Network Process Approach to Risk Allocation of EPC Projects Case Study: Gas Refinery EPC Projects in Iran </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour">Alireza Valipour</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/NordinYahaya">Nordin Yahaya</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Risk allocation is the most significant factor in risk management. Earlier research has shown tha...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Risk allocation is the most significant factor in risk management. Earlier research has<br />shown that risk allocation is essential to achieve success in construction projects. Risk allocation<br />may fail to be achieved due to lack of a mechanism for joint risk management. Successful optimal<br />risk allocation requires one to identify and evaluate the risk allocation criteria, which interact and<br />overlap with each other and can lead to significant variation in the decision outcome in risk<br />allocation. This study aims to allocate the risks in EPC projects using the analytic network process<br />(ANP) method. The ANP approach is preferable in identifying the problems of interdependence and<br />feedback among various criteria factors. The method utilizes data that are collected through a<br />literature review, interviews, and a questionnaire distributed to EPC project experts. The results<br />have shown that 12 risks are allocated to the developer, 9 risks are shared between developer and<br />contractor, and 12 risks are allocated to the contractor. In conclusion, ANP is found to be suitable in<br />analyzing the feedback and interdependencies among risk allocation criteria.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f8f5e74f2dbee9db6263998f682d8a0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36523713,"asset_id":10530870,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523713/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10530870"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10530870"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530870; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10530870]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10530870]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530870; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10530870']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8f8f5e74f2dbee9db6263998f682d8a0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10530870]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10530870,"title":"Analytic Network Process Approach to Risk Allocation of EPC Projects Case Study: Gas Refinery EPC Projects in Iran ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10530870/Analytic_Network_Process_Approach_to_Risk_Allocation_of_EPC_Projects_Case_Study_Gas_Refinery_EPC_Projects_in_Iran","owner_id":2608281,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":2608281,"first_name":"Alireza","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Valipour","page_name":"AlirezaValipour","domain_name":"teknologimalaysia","created_at":"2012-10-05T23:58:09.409-07:00","display_name":"Alireza Valipour","url":"https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour"},"attachments":[{"id":36523713,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523713/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"AMM.567.654.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523713/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Analytic_Network_Process_Approach_to_Ris.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36523713/AMM.567.654-libre.pdf?1423130632=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnalytic_Network_Process_Approach_to_Ris.pdf\u0026Expires=1740874987\u0026Signature=QmKbndbK0-ey0hDB8yd1DUFn2S8V9jAKdWH2vCWZM5xoHpZ00RZZT6OMffIqOL0u9ZcRQesToREBqPzFiiGTBOboAQmKN8eRNrEFDgW5Pefb7UV5wjGp8oyuFQ4HJb7towd1A5G~64o9YJb1BY6rU~178-9jXKvOLgGZOclGWp-4ecR1Aak5xMuzJ1KdtzP~uxc9xWwaiqIUYs62WSxKtk0350h0bozy1Fq3zcLL06nqq98YAo3Uh-6g8wm7XTwN2Pdr0ODkXVskPqpX-lParys8zzF903oQZcDt6Sjx9MP5ssmDETeQhzys2gnKaZtuMVD-9uE76PVthgsg1rJeew__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10530784"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530784/Risk_Ranking_of_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Risk Ranking of Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523673/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530784/Risk_Ranking_of_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects">Risk Ranking of Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour">Alireza Valipour</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/NordinYahaya">Nordin Yahaya</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the past two decades, public private partnership (PPP) has been one of the prevailing ways for...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the past two decades, public private partnership (PPP) has been one of the prevailing<br />ways for the development of infrastructure in Malaysia. However, it involves many risks and<br />uncertainties due to large investments and a long concession period. It is very important to<br />recognize and find out ways to cope with the critical risks that are related to the investments made<br />in PPP projects by foreign investors. The aim of this article is to risk ranking associated with PPP<br />projects using a risk matrix. The papers carries out literature review, consultation and questionnaire<br />survey (among a panel of experts) to identify common risks in PPP projects. The risks identified<br />from the literature were classified according to the type of risk. Finally, the results show that third<br />party tort liability, interest rate volatility, construction cost overruns, and changes in law are critical<br />risks.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="539db5aaa60fe7c64da0534b329bd38e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36523673,"asset_id":10530784,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523673/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10530784"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10530784"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530784; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10530784]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10530784]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530784; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10530784']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "539db5aaa60fe7c64da0534b329bd38e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10530784]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10530784,"title":"Risk Ranking of Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10530784/Risk_Ranking_of_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects","owner_id":2608281,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":2608281,"first_name":"Alireza","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Valipour","page_name":"AlirezaValipour","domain_name":"teknologimalaysia","created_at":"2012-10-05T23:58:09.409-07:00","display_name":"Alireza Valipour","url":"https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour"},"attachments":[{"id":36523673,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523673/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"AMM.567.613.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523673/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Risk_Ranking_of_Malaysian_Public_Private.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36523673/AMM.567.613-libre.pdf?1423130545=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRisk_Ranking_of_Malaysian_Public_Private.pdf\u0026Expires=1740874987\u0026Signature=Yc-1hddvbQQ7ykK1J2fr6~VXYgDxjPUfjJXHRT8me5fBIVFQ2y-ITGyYr4fSeXz45eCMBCp9fgL4rkoJvMkU9aYalqFkR-6JQHySngEitb~myT5X4v~MsBAdDjdsBcAgAFGlv2~zyaX94ZJm7HkE7AxsNfYoTS1hXeUHdklJDjowXX4CM1xdIC-3hTK0EDq6xCZ6Jsyh2kPKG~~6l~5V-GdivRDmHnUWh4KwfwmRrgIEzvcP0Q56L91FV7aN2Dz~sStqHbnlPOaq1VIzzpVphMnB9yq1m8EYCdqMpR9TsWCagfGvWSzKdTDjRKNrDocNJM7-8FE8MEJCJh2KV-oI9A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10530750"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530750/The_using_Fungi_Treatment_as_Green_and_Environmentally_process_for_Surface_Modification_of_Natural_Fibres"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The using Fungi Treatment as Green and Environmentally process for Surface Modification of Natural Fibres" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523637/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530750/The_using_Fungi_Treatment_as_Green_and_Environmentally_process_for_Surface_Modification_of_Natural_Fibres">The using Fungi Treatment as Green and Environmentally process for Surface Modification of Natural Fibres</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although Natural Fibres have various potential and advantages such as lower in weight, embodied e...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although Natural Fibres have various potential and advantages such as lower in weight,<br />embodied energy and toxicity but their drawbacks are provided relentless competition between<br />natural and synthetics fibres. Intrinsically, Natural Fibres are hydrophilic that is leaded to poor<br />resistance to moisture and incompatible to hydrophobic polymer matrix. This incompatibility of<br />natural fibres results in poor fibre/matrix interface which in turn leads to reduce mechanical<br />properties of the composites. This study try to litreature some methods of chemical treatment or<br />surface modification of Natural Fibres for improving this drawback of natural fibres. The objective<br />of this research is fungi treatment as Green Surface Treatment that is indicate to environmental<br />friendlier process. The use of fungi can provide low cost, highly efficient and environmentally<br />friendly alternatives to natural fibre surface treatment.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f6ca1eb95d5a685a982e980f32ba89d0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36523637,"asset_id":10530750,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523637/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10530750"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10530750"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530750; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10530750]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10530750]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530750; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10530750']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10530661"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530661/Identification_and_Evaluation_of_Risk_Allocation_Criteria_and_Barriers_A_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Project_Case_Study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Identification and Evaluation of Risk Allocation Criteria and Barriers: A Malaysian Public Private Partnership Project Case Study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523499/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530661/Identification_and_Evaluation_of_Risk_Allocation_Criteria_and_Barriers_A_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Project_Case_Study">Identification and Evaluation of Risk Allocation Criteria and Barriers: A Malaysian Public Private Partnership Project Case Study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour">Alireza Valipour</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/NordinYahaya">Nordin Yahaya</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Risk allocation is a key to managing risks associated with the public private partnership...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Risk  allocation  is a key to managing  risks  associated  with  the public  private  partnership  projects. Optimal  risk  allocation  between  the parties  involved,  namely  public  and private,  is the essence  of successful PPP project  implementation.  This study intends to identify  and prioritize  significant  risk allocation  criteria  and barriers preventing  the optimal  allocation  of risk to PPP projects  in Malaysia.  Due to interaction  among criteria and  barriers,  this research  has  adopted  analytic  network  process  in order  to decompose  decision  model  into meaningful  network  and  weight  decision  elements.  Data  has  been  collected  through  literature  review, questionnaire    and interview  with PPP project  experts.  This study reveals  that  "Bear the risk  at lowest  price", "Control  the chance  of risk" and "Risk attitude"  are three major optimal risk  allocation  criteria.  "Different  sets of information  about  project  risk",  "Lack of efficient  risk allocation  mechanisms"  and "Lack  of understanding the benefits  of optimal  allocation"  are of three major optimal  risk allocation  barriers  identified  throughout  the study.  The outcome  can be used to improve  the implementation  of PPP project  in Malaysia  by more rationally allocating  risks between  parties  involved.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f83d36b0f671f07a9a961d8659a92a4a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36523499,"asset_id":10530661,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523499/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10530661"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10530661"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530661; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10530661]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10530661]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530661; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10530661']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5197756"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5197756/An_Enhanced_Multiobjective_Optimization_Approach_for_Risk_Allocation_in_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects_A_Case_Study_of_Malaysia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Enhanced Multiobjective Optimization Approach for Risk Allocation in Public Private Partnership Projects: A Case Study of Malaysia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32387533/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5197756/An_Enhanced_Multiobjective_Optimization_Approach_for_Risk_Allocation_in_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects_A_Case_Study_of_Malaysia">An Enhanced Multiobjective Optimization Approach for Risk Allocation in Public Private Partnership Projects: A Case Study of Malaysia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The decision making for risk allocation problem in public-private partnership (PPP) projects is a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The decision making for risk allocation problem in public-private partnership (PPP) projects is a vital process which directly affects on time, cost and quality of the project. Fair risk allocation is a vital factor to achieve success in the implementation of these projects. It is essential for private and public sectors to apply efficient risk allocation approaches to experience a more effective process of agreement arbitration and to reduce the appearance of dispute during the concession period. The aim of this study is to develop an optimization approach to enhance risk allocation process in PPP projects. The shared risks in projects are identified through comprehensive literature review and questionnaire survey obtained from Malaysian professionals involved in PPP projects. Objective functions are then developed to minimize the total time and cost of the project and maximize the quality while satisfying risk threshold constraints. The combinatorial nature of the risk allocation problem describes a multi objective situation that can be simulated as a Knapsack Problem (KP). The formulation of the KP is described and solved applying Genetic Algorithm (GA). Due to the flexibility of GA, the results are Pareto Optimal solutions describe the combinations of risk percentages for shared risks in PPP projects.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7ce3a74cee33d8b665d2efef132dc836" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32387533,"asset_id":5197756,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32387533/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5197756"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5197756"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5197756; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5197756]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5197756]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5197756; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5197756']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7ce3a74cee33d8b665d2efef132dc836" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5197756]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5197756,"title":"An Enhanced Multiobjective Optimization Approach for Risk Allocation in Public Private Partnership Projects: A Case Study of Malaysia","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5197756/An_Enhanced_Multiobjective_Optimization_Approach_for_Risk_Allocation_in_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects_A_Case_Study_of_Malaysia","owner_id":2608281,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":2608281,"first_name":"Alireza","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Valipour","page_name":"AlirezaValipour","domain_name":"teknologimalaysia","created_at":"2012-10-05T23:58:09.409-07:00","display_name":"Alireza Valipour","url":"https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour"},"attachments":[{"id":32387533,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32387533/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"An_Enhanced_Multi_objective_Optimization_Approach_for_Risk_Allocation_in_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32387533/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Enhanced_Multiobjective_Optimization.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32387533/An_Enhanced_Multi_objective_Optimization_Approach_for_Risk_Allocation_in_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects-libre.pdf?1391602065=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Enhanced_Multiobjective_Optimization.pdf\u0026Expires=1740874987\u0026Signature=H2eN8Ak9i7sgaAq34Uh4csLZTgwvPaOlsjPz5TzBs4tPjyefZfQvxLfoST0eNcd16HDMJf4en1kFIH8prq-I9CCR502AiOwbu9L6DA8xLURismO1S9eMw-lGrSMH7elN32VuNTWRPsA-LtiDrInDLJxexn~JuYPrHQLDNG~SF3wj74li63PFqRblFwKoM4CmMKs-yYnk66PPsaOes685mbAc~j8Lz0~5Kbq8Q0dRziu-f4p6p9MrDHdvXe8NGDANy8tNalh8G09wsD6ozVTEHWkTx7Kd9Lr8jXUKX5b6pUBzel-t4HzcXprG70BcBoBXWiSjD6ozDhdVEEy8xMZZ9Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="3535720"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/3535720/Analytic_Network_Process_ANP_to_Risk_Assessment_of_Gas_Refinery_EPC_Projects_in_Iran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Analytic Network Process (ANP) to Risk Assessment of Gas Refinery EPC Projects in Iran" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31258549/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/3535720/Analytic_Network_Process_ANP_to_Risk_Assessment_of_Gas_Refinery_EPC_Projects_in_Iran">Analytic Network Process (ANP) to Risk Assessment of Gas Refinery EPC Projects in Iran</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Risk assessment is the most significant factors in risk management. Earlier researches have shown...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Risk assessment is the most significant factors in risk management. Earlier researches have shown that risk assessment is essential to achieve success in Engineering, Procurement and Construction projects(EPC). The occurrence of different risk can worsen the effects of each other such as the impact of political risks on economic risks. Although appointed methods such as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Synthetic, Interrelated Tree and Fuzzy AHP methods are commonly used in the industry sectors, yet these approaches seem powerless for evaluating the interactions and feedback between the aforementioned risks. As a result, an accurate assessment of the severity of risks cannot be determined. This study aims to assess the risks in EPC projects using Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. ANP approach is preferable in order to identify the problems of interdependence and feedback between various risk ranking alternatives. The method utilizes data that are collected through literature review, interview and a questionnaire distributed to EPC project experts. In this paper, the effects of risks on EPC project objectives such as cost, quality and time and probabilities of occurrence are assessed. Risks in EPC projects are divided into six groups: design risks, market risk, political risk, environmental risk, construction risk and political risk. The results have shown that political risks, and design risks are the most significant group of risks in EPC projects as compared to other group of risk. As a conclusion, ANP is found suitable in analyzing the feedback and interdependence between risks.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8eecd7794fbce0e84622e08264053f26" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":31258549,"asset_id":3535720,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31258549/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3535720"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3535720"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3535720; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="524483" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10530950"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530950/Risk_Identification_and_Assessment_in_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Risk Identification and Assessment in Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523789/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530950/Risk_Identification_and_Assessment_in_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects">Risk Identification and Assessment in Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour">Alireza Valipour</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/NordinYahaya">Nordin Yahaya</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the past two decades, public private partnership has been one of the prevailing ways for the d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the past two decades, public private partnership has been one of the<br />prevailing ways for the development of infrastructures in Malaysia. However, it<br />involves many risks and uncertainties due to a large amount of investment and long<br />concession period. It is very important to recognize and find out the ways to cope<br />with the critical risks that are related to the investments made in PPP projects for the<br />foreign investors. The aim of this article is risk ranking associated with the PPP<br />projects using risk matrix. First, the paper reviews the current literature, consultation<br />and a written survey distributed to the panel of experts to identify common risks in<br />PPP projects<br />. The risks identified from the literature were classified according to the<br />type of risk. From the results, it was found that the critical risks associated with the<br />PPP projects include the third party tort liability, interest rate volatility, construction<br />cost overrun and the change in law. This research study is supposed to provide<br />awareness and highlight the management of the risks associated with the PPP risks in<br />Malaysia.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a36b22302427117beb87cd1134517126" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36523789,"asset_id":10530950,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523789/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10530950"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10530950"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530950; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10530950]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10530950]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530950; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10530950']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10530870"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530870/Analytic_Network_Process_Approach_to_Risk_Allocation_of_EPC_Projects_Case_Study_Gas_Refinery_EPC_Projects_in_Iran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Analytic Network Process Approach to Risk Allocation of EPC Projects Case Study: Gas Refinery EPC Projects in Iran " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523713/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530870/Analytic_Network_Process_Approach_to_Risk_Allocation_of_EPC_Projects_Case_Study_Gas_Refinery_EPC_Projects_in_Iran">Analytic Network Process Approach to Risk Allocation of EPC Projects Case Study: Gas Refinery EPC Projects in Iran </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour">Alireza Valipour</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/NordinYahaya">Nordin Yahaya</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Risk allocation is the most significant factor in risk management. Earlier research has shown tha...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Risk allocation is the most significant factor in risk management. Earlier research has<br />shown that risk allocation is essential to achieve success in construction projects. Risk allocation<br />may fail to be achieved due to lack of a mechanism for joint risk management. Successful optimal<br />risk allocation requires one to identify and evaluate the risk allocation criteria, which interact and<br />overlap with each other and can lead to significant variation in the decision outcome in risk<br />allocation. This study aims to allocate the risks in EPC projects using the analytic network process<br />(ANP) method. The ANP approach is preferable in identifying the problems of interdependence and<br />feedback among various criteria factors. The method utilizes data that are collected through a<br />literature review, interviews, and a questionnaire distributed to EPC project experts. The results<br />have shown that 12 risks are allocated to the developer, 9 risks are shared between developer and<br />contractor, and 12 risks are allocated to the contractor. In conclusion, ANP is found to be suitable in<br />analyzing the feedback and interdependencies among risk allocation criteria.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f8f5e74f2dbee9db6263998f682d8a0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36523713,"asset_id":10530870,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523713/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10530870"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10530870"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530870; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10530784"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530784/Risk_Ranking_of_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Risk Ranking of Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523673/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530784/Risk_Ranking_of_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects">Risk Ranking of Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour">Alireza Valipour</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/NordinYahaya">Nordin Yahaya</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the past two decades, public private partnership (PPP) has been one of the prevailing ways for...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the past two decades, public private partnership (PPP) has been one of the prevailing<br />ways for the development of infrastructure in Malaysia. However, it involves many risks and<br />uncertainties due to large investments and a long concession period. It is very important to<br />recognize and find out ways to cope with the critical risks that are related to the investments made<br />in PPP projects by foreign investors. The aim of this article is to risk ranking associated with PPP<br />projects using a risk matrix. The papers carries out literature review, consultation and questionnaire<br />survey (among a panel of experts) to identify common risks in PPP projects. The risks identified<br />from the literature were classified according to the type of risk. Finally, the results show that third<br />party tort liability, interest rate volatility, construction cost overruns, and changes in law are critical<br />risks.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="539db5aaa60fe7c64da0534b329bd38e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36523673,"asset_id":10530784,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523673/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10530784"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10530784"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530784; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10530750"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530750/The_using_Fungi_Treatment_as_Green_and_Environmentally_process_for_Surface_Modification_of_Natural_Fibres"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The using Fungi Treatment as Green and Environmentally process for Surface Modification of Natural Fibres" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523637/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530750/The_using_Fungi_Treatment_as_Green_and_Environmentally_process_for_Surface_Modification_of_Natural_Fibres">The using Fungi Treatment as Green and Environmentally process for Surface Modification of Natural Fibres</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although Natural Fibres have various potential and advantages such as lower in weight, embodied e...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although Natural Fibres have various potential and advantages such as lower in weight,<br />embodied energy and toxicity but their drawbacks are provided relentless competition between<br />natural and synthetics fibres. Intrinsically, Natural Fibres are hydrophilic that is leaded to poor<br />resistance to moisture and incompatible to hydrophobic polymer matrix. This incompatibility of<br />natural fibres results in poor fibre/matrix interface which in turn leads to reduce mechanical<br />properties of the composites. This study try to litreature some methods of chemical treatment or<br />surface modification of Natural Fibres for improving this drawback of natural fibres. The objective<br />of this research is fungi treatment as Green Surface Treatment that is indicate to environmental<br />friendlier process. The use of fungi can provide low cost, highly efficient and environmentally<br />friendly alternatives to natural fibre surface treatment.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f6ca1eb95d5a685a982e980f32ba89d0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36523637,"asset_id":10530750,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523637/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10530750"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10530750"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530750; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10530661"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530661/Identification_and_Evaluation_of_Risk_Allocation_Criteria_and_Barriers_A_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Project_Case_Study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Identification and Evaluation of Risk Allocation Criteria and Barriers: A Malaysian Public Private Partnership Project Case Study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36523499/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10530661/Identification_and_Evaluation_of_Risk_Allocation_Criteria_and_Barriers_A_Malaysian_Public_Private_Partnership_Project_Case_Study">Identification and Evaluation of Risk Allocation Criteria and Barriers: A Malaysian Public Private Partnership Project Case Study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour">Alireza Valipour</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/NordinYahaya">Nordin Yahaya</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Risk allocation is a key to managing risks associated with the public private partnership...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Risk  allocation  is a key to managing  risks  associated  with  the public  private  partnership  projects. Optimal  risk  allocation  between  the parties  involved,  namely  public  and private,  is the essence  of successful PPP project  implementation.  This study intends to identify  and prioritize  significant  risk allocation  criteria  and barriers preventing  the optimal  allocation  of risk to PPP projects  in Malaysia.  Due to interaction  among criteria and  barriers,  this research  has  adopted  analytic  network  process  in order  to decompose  decision  model  into meaningful  network  and  weight  decision  elements.  Data  has  been  collected  through  literature  review, questionnaire    and interview  with PPP project  experts.  This study reveals  that  "Bear the risk  at lowest  price", "Control  the chance  of risk" and "Risk attitude"  are three major optimal risk  allocation  criteria.  "Different  sets of information  about  project  risk",  "Lack of efficient  risk allocation  mechanisms"  and "Lack  of understanding the benefits  of optimal  allocation"  are of three major optimal  risk allocation  barriers  identified  throughout  the study.  The outcome  can be used to improve  the implementation  of PPP project  in Malaysia  by more rationally allocating  risks between  parties  involved.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f83d36b0f671f07a9a961d8659a92a4a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36523499,"asset_id":10530661,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36523499/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10530661"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10530661"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10530661; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5197756"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5197756/An_Enhanced_Multiobjective_Optimization_Approach_for_Risk_Allocation_in_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects_A_Case_Study_of_Malaysia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Enhanced Multiobjective Optimization Approach for Risk Allocation in Public Private Partnership Projects: A Case Study of Malaysia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32387533/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5197756/An_Enhanced_Multiobjective_Optimization_Approach_for_Risk_Allocation_in_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects_A_Case_Study_of_Malaysia">An Enhanced Multiobjective Optimization Approach for Risk Allocation in Public Private Partnership Projects: A Case Study of Malaysia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The decision making for risk allocation problem in public-private partnership (PPP) projects is a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The decision making for risk allocation problem in public-private partnership (PPP) projects is a vital process which directly affects on time, cost and quality of the project. Fair risk allocation is a vital factor to achieve success in the implementation of these projects. It is essential for private and public sectors to apply efficient risk allocation approaches to experience a more effective process of agreement arbitration and to reduce the appearance of dispute during the concession period. The aim of this study is to develop an optimization approach to enhance risk allocation process in PPP projects. The shared risks in projects are identified through comprehensive literature review and questionnaire survey obtained from Malaysian professionals involved in PPP projects. Objective functions are then developed to minimize the total time and cost of the project and maximize the quality while satisfying risk threshold constraints. The combinatorial nature of the risk allocation problem describes a multi objective situation that can be simulated as a Knapsack Problem (KP). The formulation of the KP is described and solved applying Genetic Algorithm (GA). Due to the flexibility of GA, the results are Pareto Optimal solutions describe the combinations of risk percentages for shared risks in PPP projects.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7ce3a74cee33d8b665d2efef132dc836" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32387533,"asset_id":5197756,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32387533/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5197756"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5197756"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5197756; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7ce3a74cee33d8b665d2efef132dc836" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5197756]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5197756,"title":"An Enhanced Multiobjective Optimization Approach for Risk Allocation in Public Private Partnership Projects: A Case Study of Malaysia","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5197756/An_Enhanced_Multiobjective_Optimization_Approach_for_Risk_Allocation_in_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects_A_Case_Study_of_Malaysia","owner_id":2608281,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":2608281,"first_name":"Alireza","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Valipour","page_name":"AlirezaValipour","domain_name":"teknologimalaysia","created_at":"2012-10-05T23:58:09.409-07:00","display_name":"Alireza Valipour","url":"https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/AlirezaValipour"},"attachments":[{"id":32387533,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32387533/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"An_Enhanced_Multi_objective_Optimization_Approach_for_Risk_Allocation_in_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32387533/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Enhanced_Multiobjective_Optimization.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32387533/An_Enhanced_Multi_objective_Optimization_Approach_for_Risk_Allocation_in_Public_Private_Partnership_Projects-libre.pdf?1391602065=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Enhanced_Multiobjective_Optimization.pdf\u0026Expires=1740874987\u0026Signature=H2eN8Ak9i7sgaAq34Uh4csLZTgwvPaOlsjPz5TzBs4tPjyefZfQvxLfoST0eNcd16HDMJf4en1kFIH8prq-I9CCR502AiOwbu9L6DA8xLURismO1S9eMw-lGrSMH7elN32VuNTWRPsA-LtiDrInDLJxexn~JuYPrHQLDNG~SF3wj74li63PFqRblFwKoM4CmMKs-yYnk66PPsaOes685mbAc~j8Lz0~5Kbq8Q0dRziu-f4p6p9MrDHdvXe8NGDANy8tNalh8G09wsD6ozVTEHWkTx7Kd9Lr8jXUKX5b6pUBzel-t4HzcXprG70BcBoBXWiSjD6ozDhdVEEy8xMZZ9Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="3535720"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/3535720/Analytic_Network_Process_ANP_to_Risk_Assessment_of_Gas_Refinery_EPC_Projects_in_Iran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Analytic Network Process (ANP) to Risk Assessment of Gas Refinery EPC Projects in Iran" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31258549/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/3535720/Analytic_Network_Process_ANP_to_Risk_Assessment_of_Gas_Refinery_EPC_Projects_in_Iran">Analytic Network Process (ANP) to Risk Assessment of Gas Refinery EPC Projects in Iran</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Risk assessment is the most significant factors in risk management. Earlier researches have shown...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Risk assessment is the most significant factors in risk management. Earlier researches have shown that risk assessment is essential to achieve success in Engineering, Procurement and Construction projects(EPC). The occurrence of different risk can worsen the effects of each other such as the impact of political risks on economic risks. Although appointed methods such as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Synthetic, Interrelated Tree and Fuzzy AHP methods are commonly used in the industry sectors, yet these approaches seem powerless for evaluating the interactions and feedback between the aforementioned risks. As a result, an accurate assessment of the severity of risks cannot be determined. This study aims to assess the risks in EPC projects using Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. ANP approach is preferable in order to identify the problems of interdependence and feedback between various risk ranking alternatives. The method utilizes data that are collected through literature review, interview and a questionnaire distributed to EPC project experts. In this paper, the effects of risks on EPC project objectives such as cost, quality and time and probabilities of occurrence are assessed. Risks in EPC projects are divided into six groups: design risks, market risk, political risk, environmental risk, construction risk and political risk. The results have shown that political risks, and design risks are the most significant group of risks in EPC projects as compared to other group of risk. As a conclusion, ANP is found suitable in analyzing the feedback and interdependence between risks.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8eecd7794fbce0e84622e08264053f26" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":31258549,"asset_id":3535720,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31258549/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3535720"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3535720"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3535720; 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