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</li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gathering_logistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gathering_logistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gathering logistics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gathering_logistics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gathering logistics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gathering_logistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Camps_and_kitchens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Camps_and_kitchens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Camps and kitchens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Camps_and_kitchens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_and_sanitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_and_sanitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Water and sanitation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_and_sanitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C.A.L.M." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C.A.L.M."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>C.A.L.M.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C.A.L.M.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shanti_Sena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shanti_Sena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Shanti Sena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shanti_Sena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Difficulties_and_criticisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difficulties_and_criticisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Difficulties and criticisms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Difficulties_and_criticisms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Difficulties and criticisms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Difficulties_and_criticisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cost_to_local_and_federal_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cost_to_local_and_federal_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cost to local and federal governments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cost_to_local_and_federal_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_law_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_law_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Relations with law enforcement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_law_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alcohol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcohol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Alcohol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcohol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confusion_over_Hopi_legend" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confusion_over_Hopi_legend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Confusion over Hopi legend</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confusion_over_Hopi_legend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_expropriation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_expropriation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Cultural expropriation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_expropriation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gatherings_outside_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gatherings_outside_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gatherings outside the United States</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gatherings_outside_the_United_States-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gatherings outside the United States subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gatherings_outside_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_gatherings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_gatherings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>European gatherings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_gatherings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_gatherings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_gatherings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>World gatherings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_gatherings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Gathering" title="Rainbow Gathering – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rainbow Gathering" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encuentros_Arco%C3%ADris" title="Encuentros Arcoíris – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Encuentros Arcoíris" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ielarko-renkonti%C4%9Doj" title="Ĉielarko-renkontiĝoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉielarko-renkontiĝoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Gathering" title="Rainbow Gathering – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rainbow Gathering" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B6%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="レインボーギャザリング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レインボーギャザリング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Gathering" title="Rainbow Gathering – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Rainbow Gathering" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Gathering" title="Rainbow Gathering – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Rainbow Gathering" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2006154#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Rainbow Gathering</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rainbow_Gathering_trader_circle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rainbow_Gathering_trader_circle.jpg/250px-Rainbow_Gathering_trader_circle.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rainbow_Gathering_trader_circle.jpg/375px-Rainbow_Gathering_trader_circle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rainbow_Gathering_trader_circle.jpg/500px-Rainbow_Gathering_trader_circle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Trading circle at Rainbow Gathering</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data">Festival</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Annually, July 1–7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugurated</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1, 1972</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next event</th><td class="infobox-data">For 2024, in a <a href="/wiki/US_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="US National Forest">US National Forest</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_Grassland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Grassland">National Grassland</a> in California, Oklahoma, or Washington<sup id="cite_ref-Joanee_Freedom_2023_post_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joanee_Freedom_2023_post-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Family" title="Rainbow Family">Rainbow Family</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rainbow Gatherings</b> are temporary, loosely knit communities of people, who congregate in remote forests around the world for one or more weeks at a time<sup id="cite_ref-Niman2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niman2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the stated intention of living a shared ideology<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199731–32_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199731–32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of peace, harmony, freedom, and respect.<sup id="cite_ref-Wehelie_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wehelie-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the original invitation, spread throughout the United States in 1971, the "Rainbow Family Tribe" referred to themselves as "brothers & sisters, children of God", "Families of life on Earth", "Friends of Nature & of all People" and "Children of Humankind".<sup id="cite_ref-Rainbow_Oracle_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rainbow_Oracle-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All races, nations, politicians, etc. were invited in the desire that there could be peace among all people. The goal was to create what they believed was a more satisfying culture — free from <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumerism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">mass media</a> — one that would be non-hierarchical, that would further world peace, and serve as a model for reforms to mainstream society. However, the values actually exhibited by the group have at times varied quite a bit from this ideal,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997149–155_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997149–155-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with recent decades showing increasing levels of crime at the events,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199730–33,_149–155_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199730–33,_149–155-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ocala_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocala-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some organizers stating the core principles have been modified, and become more mainstream, in an effort to attract more people.<sup id="cite_ref-Capital_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capital-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199731–35_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199731–35-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Influenced by <a href="/wiki/1960s_counterculture" class="mw-redirect" title="1960s counterculture">1960s counterculture</a> and the non-commercial rock festivals of the early 1970s,<sup id="cite_ref-Capital_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capital-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rainbow is a "<a href="/wiki/Revitalization_movement" title="Revitalization movement">revitalization movement</a>" with many philosophies and practices that have roots in the historic <a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">utopian traditions</a> of the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199731–35_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199731–35-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Rainbow Gathering was held in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> in 1972<sup id="cite_ref-Wehelie_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wehelie-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was attended by more than 20,000 people. In the 1980s, gatherings started to form outside of North America as autonomous, but connected events around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199731–35_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199731–35-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Media coverage of Rainbow Gatherings since the 1980s has described Rainbow Gathering attendees with terms such as "aging <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippies</a>", "grown-up <a href="/wiki/Flower_children" class="mw-redirect" title="Flower children">flower children</a>", or "middle-aged white folks". In the 2000s, the media focus shifted to the increase in crime in the local communities closest to Gatherings, ranging from petty crimes like retail theft to violent assaults and serious traffic charges, such as driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997149–155_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997149–155-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the movement's <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifist</a> aspirations, Gatherings, which are typically held in national forests and other ecologically sensitive areas, are described as having a negative impact on the local environment. Participants have developed a reputation for excessive drug and alcohol use, in addition to engaging in disruptive and criminal activity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199730–33,_149–155_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199730–33,_149–155-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ocala_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ocala-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has resulted in increased police presence at Gatherings and a poor reception from area residents and business owners in nearby towns. <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">Cultural appropriation</a> and misrepresentation of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> traditions and beliefs<sup id="cite_ref-HeSapa_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeSapa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caudill_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caudill-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have also given the Gathering a poor reception from nearby <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">reservations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Caudill_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caudill-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the U.S., these issues are also contributing factors in the decline in attendance at regional and national Gatherings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997xiii_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997xiii-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rainbow Gatherings and the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Family" title="Rainbow Family">Rainbow Family of Living Light</a> (usually abbreviated to "Rainbow Family") claim to express <a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">utopian</a> impulses, <a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">bohemianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hipster_(1940s_subculture)" title="Hipster (1940s subculture)">hipster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> culture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Not all gatherings or Rainbow Family claim this (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The gatherings have roots clearly traceable to the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture of the 1960s</a>. </p><p>Rainbow Gatherings have their own <a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">jargon</a>, which helps to create a sense of community and the ability to express their thoughts on society and social justice. In particular, mainstream society is commonly referred to and viewed as "<a href="/wiki/Babylon_(New_Testament)" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylon (New Testament)">Babylon</a>" - a term also used by Rastafarian culture - from the Christian <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> connoting the participants' widely held belief that modern lifestyles and systems of government are unhealthy, unsustainable, exploitative and out of harmony with the natural systems of the planet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original Rainbow Gathering was in 1972, and since then gatherings have been held annually in the United States from July 1 through 7 every year on <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Forest">National Forest</a> land.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the year, regional and international gatherings are held in the United States and in many other places around the world. </p><p>The first Rainbow Gathering of the Tribes was a four-day event in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> in July 1972. It was organized by youth counterculture "tribes" (youth communes) of the Rainbow Family, based in <a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>. The first three days of the festival took place at Strawberry Lake, outside of <a href="/wiki/Granby,_Colorado" title="Granby, Colorado">Granby, Colorado</a>. The lake is in a wooded area elevated 900 feet (270 m) above the surrounding area. Campsites surrounded the lake, and there was no event stage of any kind. Then on the final day, July 4, 1972, most in attendance migrated to Table Mountain, a barren summit located a mile away from the lake. This was ostensibly for the noon sighting of a white buffalo, as had been envisioned/prophesied by Barry "Plunker" Adams, a spiritual leader of the Family. However, a week before the festival was to begin, local authorities banned the event, and state police blocked the road to the lake, only letting through tourists with reservations for a nearby resort. Over 10,000 attendees gathered (with permission) on the grounds of a local airport until a court order allowed access to the lake. Estimates of attendance vary between 20,000 and 45,000. </p><p>The first gathering was intended to be a one-time event; however, a second gathering in <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> the following year materialized, at which point an annual event was declared. The length of the gatherings has since expanded beyond the original four-day span, as have the number and frequency of the gatherings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199731–35_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199731–35-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although groups from California and the <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwest region</a> of the U.S. were heavily involved in the first Rainbow Gathering, the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">U.S. Southeast</a> was strongly represented as well. At least 2,600 people from throughout that region attended and provided support for the 1972 Rainbow Gathering of the Tribes on Strawberry Lake, above <a href="/wiki/Granby,_Colorado" title="Granby, Colorado">Granby, Colorado</a>. There was also strong representation from other regions of the U.S.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2017, the United States gathering was held near the 1.4 million acres (5,700 km<sup>2</sup>) <a href="/wiki/Malheur_National_Forest" title="Malheur National Forest">Malheur National Forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Oregon" title="Eastern Oregon">eastern Oregon</a>. Between 10,000 and 18,000 attended the multi-day event, near Flagtail Meadow, with the largest crowds expected on July 4.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 50th Annual Rainbow Gathering took place in <a href="/wiki/Taos_County,_New_Mexico" title="Taos County, New Mexico">Taos County, New Mexico</a>, in July 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 50th anniversary gathering in July 2022 was held in <a href="/wiki/Routt_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Routt National Forest">Routt National Forest</a>, Colorado,<sup id="cite_ref-Brulliard2022_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brulliard2022-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with over 10,000 in attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-CoSun2022_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoSun2022-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_aspects">Social aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Social aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-commercialism">Non-commercialism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Non-commercialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rainbow_Gathering_welcome_home.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Rainbow_Gathering_welcome_home.jpg/220px-Rainbow_Gathering_welcome_home.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Rainbow_Gathering_welcome_home.jpg/330px-Rainbow_Gathering_welcome_home.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Rainbow_Gathering_welcome_home.jpg/440px-Rainbow_Gathering_welcome_home.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>"Welcome home" and "We love you" are common greetings at the Rainbow Gathering.</figcaption></figure> <p>As Michael Niman notes, "Rainbow Gatherings, as a matter of principle, are free and <a href="/wiki/Non-commercial" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-commercial">non-commercial</a>." Using money to buy or sell anything at Rainbow Gatherings is taboo. There are no paid organizers, although there are volunteers ("focalizers") who are crucial to setting up the gathering site. Participants are expected to contribute money, labor, and/or material. All labor is voluntary and never formally compensated; conversely, there is no monetary cost or prior obligation required to attend a Rainbow Gathering.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p> Aside from taking up collections (the "Magic Hat" in Rainbow parlance) for essential items purchased from the local community, there is little or no exchange of currency internally at a Gathering. The primary principle is that necessities should be freely shared, while luxuries can be traded. A designated trading area is a feature at most U.S. Gatherings. It is called "trading circle" if it is circular and "barter lane" if it is linear. Frequently traded items include items such as sweets (often referred to as "zuzus"), books, <a href="/wiki/Zine" title="Zine">zines</a>, crystals, rocks, gems, and handcrafts. In some rare cases people may even trade <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> or smoking pipes (usually when no police are in the area). <a href="/wiki/Snickers" title="Snickers">Snickers</a> bars have emerged as a semi-standardized unit of exchange at some gatherings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199768–72_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199768–72-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-membership">Non-membership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Non-membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are no official leaders, no formal structure, no official spokespersons, and no membership. Some rainbow family participants make the claim that the family is the "largest non-organization of non-members in the world". In addition to referring to itself as a non-organization, the Rainbow Family of Living Light's "non-members" also playfully call the movement a "disorganization".<sup id="cite_ref-welcomehere.org_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welcomehere.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is a changing network of "focalizers" who take responsibility for passing on Rainbow information year-round, and serve as contacts listed in the Rainbow Guide.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consensus_process">Consensus process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Consensus process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gatherings are loosely maintained by open, free form counsel circles consisting of any "non-members" who wish to be part of a conversation,<sup id="cite_ref-welcomehere.org_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welcomehere.org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which use <a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">consensus</a> process for making decisions. According to the Mini-manual, "Recognized Rainbow guidelines come from only one source, a main Counsel circle at the annual gatherings."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Talking_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Talking circle">Talking circles</a> are also a feature of rainbow gatherings. Each participant in the circle talks in turn while all others present listen in silence. A ritual <a href="/wiki/Talking_stick" title="Talking stick">talking stick</a>, feather or other object is passed around the circle to allow everyone the opportunity to speak without being interrupted; this is a custom <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">appropriated</a> from Indigenous peoples of North America.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199742–43_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199742–43-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HeSapa_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeSapa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creativity_and_spirituality">Creativity and spirituality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Creativity and spirituality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Ohm%22_Circle_at_the_Rainbow_Gathering_July_4,_1980_in_West_Virginia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%22Ohm%22_Circle_at_the_Rainbow_Gathering_July_4%2C_1980_in_West_Virginia.jpg/220px-%22Ohm%22_Circle_at_the_Rainbow_Gathering_July_4%2C_1980_in_West_Virginia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%22Ohm%22_Circle_at_the_Rainbow_Gathering_July_4%2C_1980_in_West_Virginia.jpg/330px-%22Ohm%22_Circle_at_the_Rainbow_Gathering_July_4%2C_1980_in_West_Virginia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%22Ohm%22_Circle_at_the_Rainbow_Gathering_July_4%2C_1980_in_West_Virginia.jpg/440px-%22Ohm%22_Circle_at_the_Rainbow_Gathering_July_4%2C_1980_in_West_Virginia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption>"Ohm" Circle on July 4th 1980 at West Virginia Rainbow Gathering</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the central features of the annual U.S. gathering is silent meditation on the morning of the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Fourth of July</a>, with attendees gathering in a circle in the Main Meadow. At approximately noon the assembly begins a collective "<i><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></i>" which is ended with whooping and a celebration. A parade of children comes from the Kiddie Village, singing and dancing into the middle of the circle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199731–35_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199731–35-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spiritually, there is a strong tradition of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">cultural appropriation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rainbow_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rainbow-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PDeloria_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDeloria-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Huhndorf_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huhndorf-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> leaders of several tribes have spoken out against the Rainbows' misappropriation of their religious ceremonies as well as their trespassing onto Native sacred sites.<sup id="cite_ref-OakLakeLakota_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OakLakeLakota-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WW_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many spiritual traditions are represented, often with their own kitchen, from <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">Hare Krishnas</a> to <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jews</a> to several denominations of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997146_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997146-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Creative events may include variety shows, campfire singing, fire-juggling, and large or small art projects. At one gathering, a <a href="/wiki/Aerial_lift" title="Aerial lift">cable car</a> was rigged to carry groups of four quickly across a meadow. Faerie Camp was "alive with hundreds of bells and oddly illuminated objects". Musicians and music pervade all Gatherings, at kitchens, on the trails, and at campfires.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199728_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199728-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gathering_logistics">Gathering logistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gathering logistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rap107.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/85/Rap107.jpg/170px-Rap107.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/85/Rap107.jpg/255px-Rap107.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/85/Rap107.jpg/340px-Rap107.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption>"Rap 107," concise Gathering participation principles<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The Rainbow Family has governed Gatherings of up to 30,000 people. Regional Rainbow gatherings can attract as many as 5,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199733,_40_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199733,_40-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. annual rainbow gathering occurs around July 1-7th, but people come up to a month earlier to help set up (this is known as "Seed Camp") and remain on-site up to a month later to participate in cleanup and to perform site restorations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199760–66_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199760–66-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although each event is more or less <a href="/wiki/Anarchy_(word)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchy (word)">anarchic</a>, practical guidelines have been reached through the consensus process and are documented in a "Mini-manual". Items that are strongly discouraged, by some, at gatherings include firearms, alcohol, tobacco, and pets. Other items that tend to be discouraged include radios, tape players, sound amplifiers, and power tools.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Camps_and_kitchens">Camps and kitchens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Camps and kitchens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Camps and kitchens are the basic community units of the Gathering. Camps may be based on regional, spiritual, or even dietary commonalities. For example, Kid Village attracts attendees with <a href="/wiki/Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Children">children</a>, Tea Time specializes in serving herbal teas, Jesus Camp has a <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> foundation. Some kitchens such as the Turtle Soup Kitchen serve predominantly vegetarian meals. Lovin' Ovens is a kitchen that craft ovens out of metal drums, clay, and mud in the area and will cook food such as pizza (meat, vegetarian, and vegan) and different types of bread and snacks. Nic@Nite is a camp that focuses on the sharing of tobacco and tobacco-related products.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Not all camps are kitchens, but all kitchens are camps. In addition to feeding passers-by, kitchens send food to the one or two large communal, predominantly <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian">vegetarian</a> meals served daily in the main meadow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199772–78_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199772–78-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_and_sanitation">Water and sanitation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Water and sanitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drinking <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> is <a href="/wiki/Portable_water_purification" title="Portable water purification">filtered</a> at gatherings, both by small pump filters and large gravity-feed devices. Attendees are encouraged also to boil drinking water. Water is often tapped at a source (such as a spring or stream) and runs hundreds of yards to main kitchens in the gathering via plastic hosing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">Sanitation</a> has historically been a major concern at Rainbow Gatherings. <a href="/wiki/Human_waste" title="Human waste">Human waste</a> is deposited in latrine trenches (typically referred to as 'shitters') and treated with lime and ash from campfires. New latrines are dug and filled in daily. However sanitation may still be inadequate: the 1987 gathering in <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> experienced a large outbreak of highly contagious <a href="/wiki/Shigellosis" title="Shigellosis">shigellosis</a> (a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>), and a smaller outbreak occurred in association with a 2018 gathering in Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="C.A.L.M.">C.A.L.M.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: C.A.L.M."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>C.A.L.M., or the Center for Alternative Living Medicine, is the primary group of doctors at Rainbow Gatherings who assist people with health and wellness and take responsibility for <a href="/wiki/Medical_emergency" title="Medical emergency">medical emergencies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> of those who attend these large gatherings.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is an all volunteer, non-hierarchical group encompassing both mainstream, <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">conventional medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Naturopathic" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturopathic">naturopathic</a> healing modalities. It is common to find <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a> working with <a href="/wiki/Herbalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbalist">herbalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Medical_Technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency Medical Technician">EMTs</a> helping <a href="/wiki/Massage_therapist" class="mw-redirect" title="Massage therapist">massage therapists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naturopath" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturopath">naturopaths</a> coordinating with <a href="/wiki/Registered_Nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered Nurse">Registered Nurses</a> on patient care. C.A.L.M. works closely with the Shanti peace army, as they are often the first on the scene in a crisis. There is usually one main C.A.L.M. camp near the inner part of the gatherings and smaller <a href="/wiki/First_aid" title="First aid">first aid</a> stations set up around the Gatherings. Even those without medical experience are encouraged to help with things such as procuring water and cooking for the healers, who are often too busy to attend main circle or visit other kitchens. In case of any emergency, CALM can be contacted on <a href="/wiki/Family_Radio_Service" title="Family Radio Service">FRS</a> Channel 3 (no tones, 462.6125 MHz UHF) and other site-specific <a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">radio frequencies</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shanti_Sena">Shanti Sena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Shanti Sena"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the Rainbow Gathering, security, <a href="/wiki/Conflict_resolution" title="Conflict resolution">conflict resolution</a>, and emergency situations are handled by <i>Shanti Sena</i> ("peace army" in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>), which includes anyone who is capable of helping at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Welcome_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welcome-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (July 2016)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Shanti Sena also sometimes acts as liaisons to observers and law enforcement officers who patrol the Rainbow Gathering, often tracking the movements of police and park rangers through the gathering, and overseeing the interactions between officers and people attending the gathering to ensure that neither group instigates or takes part in illegal or inflammatory confrontations. This type of interference with police operations resulted in numerous arrests in the 1987 gathering in North Carolina, with state, federal and local officers being assaulted, blocked from patrol areas and threatened. The Shanti Sena at the '87 gathering were characterized by local, state, and federal officers as a criminal gang and were suspected to have collaborated in the assault on an Asheville <i>Citizen-Times</i> reporter. Several gathering attendees who reported they had been expelled from the gathering called the Shanti Sena "gestapo" and thugs. In some particularly serious situations, Shanti Sena have collaborated with law enforcement (although without violating the Gathering's principle of consensus).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESentelle2002200–204_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESentelle2002200–204-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, a gathering regular and wanted murder suspect, Joseph Geibel, was peacefully approached by Shanti Sena and transferred to police custody at the 1998 gathering.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997118–125_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997118–125-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phrase is also used as a call for aid. If individuals find themselves in a dispute, they can shout "Shanti Sena". Everyone within earshot is expected to then approach the scene calmly, de-escalate where possible, and eventually reach a consensus agreement to settle the dispute.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difficulties_and_criticisms">Difficulties and criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Difficulties and criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Difficulties include: </p> <ul><li>The often unacknowledged class and power structures of the Rainbow community and its events<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199735,_55–57,_118–125,_128–130_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199735,_55–57,_118–125,_128–130-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The phenomenon of "Drainbows"—individuals who are perceived to not give sufficiently of their labor or other resources for the common good, but rather are only consuming the social benefits a Rainbow gathering offers (a classic <a href="/wiki/Cooperation" title="Cooperation">cooperation</a> problem)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199785_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199785-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Relationships with both the Forest Service as well as local communities and other stakeholders in National Forest lands (both commercial interests as well as local <a href="/wiki/Environmentalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmentalists">environmentalists</a>, who are often concerned about Gathering impacts)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997170–183_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997170–183-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Spring Council of the Rainbow Family does not inform the U.S. Forest Service of the gathering location until a few days prior to the event<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Damage to forest lands, campgrounds and facilities, with human waste, trash and other mess such as abandoned vehicles</li> <li>Occasionally the site selection process does not run smoothly resulting in a split gathering (1993); or in very low attendance either due to a dispute over the legitimacy of the site (2015) or in light of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a><sup id="cite_ref-Barker_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In recent years, there have been increasing reports of drifters and vagrants who attach themselves to gatherings where they engage in hard drug use, sexual assault, theft and violence. In 2014, Heber City, Utah police arrested Leilani Novak-Garcia, known as "Hitler", who repeatedly stabbed a man at the annual gathering after he tried to stop her honking her car horn.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Novak-Garcia pleaded no contest to the charges and served 300 days in jail.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jose Antonio Ramos, who was identified in 1985 and again in 2004 as the primary suspect in the <a href="/wiki/Disappearance_of_Etan_Patz" title="Disappearance of Etan Patz">disappearance of Etan Patz</a>, attended and was removed from the Rainbow Gathering twice in the 1980s and was convicted of molesting an 8-year-old boy at a gathering in Pennsylvania. Rainbow elder Barry Adams helped to identify and convict Ramos.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramos served a 20-year prison sentence in the <a href="/wiki/State_Correctional_Institution_%E2%80%93_Dallas" title="State Correctional Institution – Dallas">State Correctional Institution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dallas,_Pennsylvania" title="Dallas, Pennsylvania">Dallas, Pennsylvania</a>, for child molestation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was released from prison on November 7, 2012. Soon after his release he was arrested on a <a href="/wiki/Megan%27s_Law" title="Megan's Law">Megan's Law</a> violation.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cost_to_local_and_federal_governments">Cost to local and federal governments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cost to local and federal governments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local jurisdictions bear costs. For example, the 2013 gathering in Beaverhead County, Montana experienced uncollectible patient charges for emergency room care and additional costs incurred at the county's hospital, which totaled an estimated $175,000.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cost to federal government of $573,000 according to Tim Walther, assistant special agent in charge of law enforcement for the Forest Service. A total of 850 incident reports, written warnings and citations were recorded during the event. Of these, 405 incident reports were written up for Rainbow people not following the operational plan agreed upon by the Rainbows and the Forest Service.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_law_enforcement">Relations with law enforcement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Relations with law enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Police_at_2005_Rainbow_in_WV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Police_at_2005_Rainbow_in_WV.jpg/220px-Police_at_2005_Rainbow_in_WV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Police_at_2005_Rainbow_in_WV.jpg/330px-Police_at_2005_Rainbow_in_WV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Police_at_2005_Rainbow_in_WV.jpg/440px-Police_at_2005_Rainbow_in_WV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Police and medics near "trading circle" at the annual U.S. national Rainbow Gathering in <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>In an October 2008 report the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> stated: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The U.S. Forest Service systematically harasses people who attend Rainbow Family gatherings on public lands.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 2016, the American Civil Liberties Union in Vermont issued a report expressing concern over federal law enforcement activities that the ACLU describe as "overzealous" and "unconstitutional". The ACLU-VT sent letters to law enforcement officials calling for an end to the illegal targeting of Rainbow Gathering attendees expressing First Amendment rights on public land.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an October 2008 report the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> stated, "The U.S. Forest Service systematically harasses people who attend Rainbow Family gatherings on public lands."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All major gatherings in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> are held on National Forest land, which is under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a>, a federal agency with its own federal law enforcement officers. County sheriffs have concurrent jurisdiction on all forest lands, as do county police and local police depending on location, community boundaries and local laws. So too do state law enforcement agencies, namely state wildlife wardens, state troopers and state police or bureaus of investigation. Many local gatherings occur in remote areas, with county sheriffs being the primary responders. They often request deputies from neighboring counties and officers from area police departments. Additionally, it is common for state conservation and wildlife officers and state troopers to deploy personnel. The Forest Service has often received assistance from the FBI, US Marshalls for fugitives, DEA for drug trafficking and other federal agencies. The USFS has tried to prevent these gatherings from taking place; it denies all others access to the forest and the surrounding area for the duration of the gathering <sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or insists that a group-use permit be signed, contending that this is standard practice for large groups wishing to camp on <a href="/wiki/Public_land" title="Public land">public land</a> and that it is necessary to protect <a href="/wiki/Public_Safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Safety">public safety</a> and the local environment. Gathering organizers generally contend that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> give them the right to peaceably assemble on public land and that requiring a permit would violate that basic right by turning it into a privilege to be regulated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1984, the Forest Service enacted a regulation requiring a permit for any expressive assembly of ten or more people on <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">Forest Service</a> lands. This was unenforced for a year and a half before the Service attempted to apply it to the gathering in Arizona in 1986. Judge Bilby called attention to the <a href="/wiki/Enforcement_discretion" class="mw-redirect" title="Enforcement discretion">selective enforcement</a> of the regulation, and in any case ruled it unconstitutional, in part because it required expressive assemblies, but not non-expressive ones, to obtain permits.<sup id="cite_ref-Sentelle_2490_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sentelle_2490-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. government</a> has in the past pressured individuals to be representatives of the Gathering (e.g., by signing a permit). However, this is in violation of the well-established Rainbow principle that "no individual may officially represent the Family as a whole." A number of court cases have resulted from both Forest Service prosecutions and Rainbow Family-inspired legal actions against enforcement activities; among other legal defeats, the Forest Service found itself rebuffed by the judge in a defendant class suit originating from the 1987 North Carolina Gathering.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997184–189_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997184–189-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a notable account of Gathering relations with law enforcement, <i><a href="/wiki/Judge_Dave_and_the_Rainbow_People" title="Judge Dave and the Rainbow People">Judge Dave and the Rainbow People</a></i>, was written by <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">U.S. Federal Judge</a> <a href="/wiki/David_B._Sentelle" title="David B. Sentelle">David Sentelle</a>. The book provides a firsthand account of Sentelle's role in presiding over the 1987 case brought by the State of North Carolina in an attempt to stop the Gathering, including site visits to the Gathering and related legal actions. Garrick Beck, a Rainbow Family organizer involved in the 1987 case, wrote an afterword to the book in which he expresses agreement with Sentelle's characterizations. In that particular gathering, numerous state arrests were made for breaches of the peace, alcohol and traffic violations and interfering with officers. The federal court allowed the NC gathering to continue, but when attendees overstayed their time allocation, they were forcibly removed and arrested by state and federal officers. Damage to the Slick Rock area of Nantaha National Forest was estimated to be in the tens of thousands of dollars. An outbreak of bloody diarrhea occurred and at least two kidnapped minors were rescued from the camp in two separate incidents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESentelle2002200–204_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESentelle2002200–204-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Forest Service has dealt with the scale of the US Annual Rainbow Gathering in the past by assigning a Type 2 National <a href="/wiki/Incident_Management_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Incident Management Team">Incident Management Team</a> (NIMT). Around 40 personnel from the NIMT have been assigned in the past, including NIMT members, Forest Service law enforcement officers (LEOs) and resource advisors. Because the Rainbow Gathering has utilized the land in the past without required consent from the Forest Service, the gatherings have been given special attention, since, under current Forestry rules and regulations, they may occur illegally.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999 and again in 2000, the NIMT selected three gathering participants who were charged with "use or occupancy of National Forest System lands without authorization." The citation carried a maximum penalty of six months in jail and a $5,000 fine; the charges originally could have been cleared by paying a $100 fine. Instead, they all chose to fight it in court, but lost their appeals.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three 1999 cases were later turned down by the Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the 2008 National Gathering in Wyoming, an incident occurred whereby Forest Service officers tried to arrest an attendee at the gathering. A spokeswoman for the U.S. Forest Service said that about 400 participants in the Gathering began to advance, throwing sticks and rocks at the officers,<sup id="cite_ref-Ap5_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ap5-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this was disputed by Gathering participants and video evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-ACLU-report_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLU-report-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pepper balls were then fired to control the crowd.<sup id="cite_ref-APACUL_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APACUL-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Witnesses reported that officers pointed weapons at children and fired rubber bullets at gathering participants.<sup id="cite_ref-jst_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jst-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/ACLU" class="mw-redirect" title="ACLU">ACLU</a> produced a report following their investigation of the incident in which they were critical of the officers for engaging in a pattern of harassment, using <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">overzealous enforcement</a> techniques, and using small violations as a pretense for larger searches.<sup id="cite_ref-ACLU-report_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLU-report-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alcohol">Alcohol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Alcohol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the guidelines, or Raps of the Rainbow Gathering, open and public consumption of <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcohol</a> is discouraged by many people at the gatherings with respect for others being the primary reason.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A distinguishing characteristic of the U.S. annual gatherings is "A-Camp," (commonly, and mistakenly, thought to mean "alcohol camp") typically located near the front gate, where some of those who want to openly drink alcohol usually stay, yet public drinking is generally accepted in most camps close to the road. Gatherings in Europe do not have "A-Camps." Some gatherings in Canada have "A-Camps" and some do not. <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a> is tolerated in moderation at some <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> gatherings, particularly in France, where it is customary to drink wine with the evening meal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997125–128,_189–193_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997125–128,_189–193-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confusion_over_Hopi_legend">Confusion over Hopi legend</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Confusion over Hopi legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There has been a long-standing Rainbow rumor that the Gathering is recognized by the elders of the <a href="/wiki/Hopi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopi people">Hopi people</a> as the fulfillment of an ancient Hopi prophecy<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (some versions substitute Hopi with the <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojibwe people">Ojibwe people</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Tarleton_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarleton-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Rainbow_Warriors" title="Legend of the Rainbow Warriors">Legend of the Rainbow Warriors</a>, it was debunked as <a href="/wiki/Fakelore" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakelore">fakelore</a> by writer Michael Niman in the 1997 book <i>People of the Rainbow: A Nomadic Utopia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Niman1997_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niman1997-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While researching the legend, Niman interviewed Thomas Banyaca, a Hopi selected by elders in the 1950s to interpret and pass on Hopi prophecies. According to Niman, Banyaca was "puzzled about the supposed Hopi prophecy" and said, "It's not right...We hope they will stop it".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Banyaca was unfamiliar with the Rainbow Family, he was aware of the Rainbow Warrior myth and said it was invented by two non-Native, <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Christian">Evangelical Christians</a>, William Willoya and Vinson Brown. Willoya and Brown had briefly met with Banyaca before publishing <i>Warriors of the Rainbow</i> in 1962, a <a href="/wiki/Tract_(literature)" title="Tract (literature)">Christian tract</a> in which they fabricated the Rainbow Warrior concept, claiming it was an ancient Native American legend and a prophecy about the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Christ">Second Coming of Christ</a>. According to Niman, the rainbow in Willoya and Brown's version was a reference to the rainbow in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a>. Niman described the source as purveying "covert anti-Semitism throughout"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that, "If anything, it was an attack on Native culture...an attempt to evangelize within the Native American community".<sup id="cite_ref-Tarleton_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarleton-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said Rainbows who likely don't recognize the Biblical overtones continue to cite <i>Warriors of the Rainbow</i> and mischaracterize it as containing a message that aligns with the Rainbow ideology, often inventing entirely new versions of the myth that they still attribute to Willoya and Brown's 1962 tract.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_expropriation">Cultural expropriation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cultural expropriation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, a group of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> academics and writers issued a statement against the Rainbow Gathering attendees who are "appropriating and practicing faux Native ceremonies and beliefs. These actions, although Rainbows may not realize, dehumanize us as an indigenous Nation because they imply our culture and humanity, like our land, is anyone's for the taking." The signatories specifically named this <a href="/wiki/Cultural_misappropriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural misappropriation">misappropriation</a> as "cultural exploitation".<sup id="cite_ref-HeSapa_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeSapa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deaths">Deaths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1980, the bodies of two women were found after the gathering at <a href="/wiki/Monongahela_National_Forest" title="Monongahela National Forest">Monongahela National Forest</a> in West Virginia and attendees were questioned about possible involvement. They had been shot dead during the gathering. There had been tension between local residents and "hippies", and police concluded that local men led by Greenbrier County resident Jacob Beard were responsible. Beard was convicted in 1999, but exonerated on appeal in 2000 and received a $2 million settlement for wrongful conviction. White supremacist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul_Franklin" title="Joseph Paul Franklin">Joseph Paul Franklin</a> confessed to the murders but later revealed he had just read about them. The killers remain at large and filmmaker Julia Huffman is working on a documentary, <i>The Rainbow Murders</i>, hoping to bring more facts to light.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Emma_Copley_Eisenberg" title="Emma Copley Eisenberg">Emma Copley Eisenberg</a> wrote about the murders and their impact in the 2020 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Third_Rainbow_Girl" title="The Third Rainbow Girl">The Third Rainbow Girl</a></i>. </p><p>In July 2011, a woman named Marie Hanson, from South Lake Tahoe, California went missing in Skookum Meadow, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a> while attending the 2011 Rainbow Gathering at <a href="/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot_National_Forest" title="Gifford Pinchot National Forest">Gifford Pinchot National Forest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local Sheriff's office reportedly initially refused to use <a href="/wiki/Tracking_(dog)" title="Tracking (dog)">tracking dogs</a> at the site, stating they were not certain a crime had taken place.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After pleas by the Hanson family and the Rainbow Family, a series of four searches by Rainbow Gathering attendees, law enforcement and the Hanson Family took place during late summer and fall of 2011. In October 2011, human remains and jewelry were found near the woman's campsite.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later confirmed that the remains were those of Marie Hanson.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, four fatalities from natural causes occurred at Rainbow Gatherings, including two deaths at the 2011 Washington State national Rainbow Gathering.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Washington State deaths were those of Amber Kellar, a 28-year-old Californian who died of a preexisting medical condition,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Steve Pierce, a 50-year-old Californian who died of a <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">heart attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2011, a man drowned in a Farles Prairie pond during a regional Rainbow Gathering in <a href="/wiki/Ocala_National_Forest" title="Ocala National Forest">Ocala National Forest</a>, Florida.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, at a regional gathering at <a href="/wiki/Apalachicola_National_Forest" title="Apalachicola National Forest">Apalachicola National Forest</a> in Florida, 24-year-old attendee Wesley "Dice" Jones was shot and paralyzed by Clark Mayers, 39, of Milledgeville, Georgia. Another attendee, Jacob Cardwell, known as "Smiley", threw himself over Dice and was himself shot and killed. Other gathering attendees then beat and stabbed Mayers, who spent two weeks in the hospital before being moved to jail, where he was charged with first-degree murder. Authorities ordered the encampment vacated. The group complied after holding a prayer meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2018, Joseph Bryan Capstraw, 20, was arrested in <a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_Kentucky" title="Elizabethtown, Kentucky">Elizabethtown, Kentucky</a>, after confessing to the murder of a woman he met at a Rainbow Gathering in <a href="/wiki/Lumpkin_County,_Georgia" title="Lumpkin County, Georgia">Lumpkin County, Georgia</a>, the week before. Police say the woman, identified as 18-year-old Amber Robinson of Florida, hitchhiked with Capstraw after leaving the Gathering and was beaten to death by him after an altercation.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2021, Larry "Frank" Dugger, who was attending a Rainbow Gathering at the Ocala National Forest, was shot and killed by an unknown assailant.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gatherings_outside_the_United_States">Gatherings outside the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Gatherings outside the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tipi_at_night_at_rainbow_gathering.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tipi_at_night_at_rainbow_gathering.jpg/220px-Tipi_at_night_at_rainbow_gathering.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tipi_at_night_at_rainbow_gathering.jpg/330px-Tipi_at_night_at_rainbow_gathering.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tipi_at_night_at_rainbow_gathering.jpg/440px-Tipi_at_night_at_rainbow_gathering.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="1438" /></a><figcaption>The Québec tipi at the World Gathering in Costa Rica, 2004</figcaption></figure><p> Gatherings are routinely held all over the world, on every continent (excluding Antarctica).<sup id="cite_ref-Welcome_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welcome-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style></p><table class="box-Unreliable_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-unreliable_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">All of this section's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">listed sources</a> <b>may not be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_gatherings">European gatherings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: European gatherings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is an annual European gathering and many European countries host their own national or regional gatherings. The first European Rainbow Gathering was organized in 1983 in <a href="/wiki/Campo,_Vallemaggia" title="Campo, Vallemaggia">Val Campo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ticino,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticino, Switzerland">Ticino, Switzerland</a>. The 2007 European gathering, the 25th recurrence of that annual event, took place in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The subsequent European Gatherings took place in Serbia (2008), Ukraine (2009)<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Finland (2010). In 2010, there were also two Rainbow Gatherings in the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, Spain. The first was held near the northern coast of <a href="/wiki/La_Palma" title="La Palma">La Palma</a> and the second was held on <a href="/wiki/Gran_Canaria" title="Gran Canaria">Gran Canaria</a>. The 2011 Gathering was in Portugal, 2012 in Slovakia, 2013 in Greece, the 2014 gathering in Romania, the 2015 gathering in Lithuania, 2016 in the Alps, 2017 in Italy, 2018 in Poland, 2019 in Sweden. The 2020 European Gathering took place in Estonia. In 2021 the gathering was held in France. </p><p>Note that the 2017 gathering in Italy was connected to several typhoid cases in France, Germany,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Slovenia.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_gatherings">World gatherings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: World gatherings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>World Gatherings have been held in Australia, Zimbabwe, Brazil, Costa Rica, Canada, Turkey, Thailand, China, New Zealand, Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico, Hungary, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Taiwan, and Colombia. Approximately 3,000 people attended the 2000 World Gathering in Australia, held on farmland in Boonoo Boonoo State Forest, in northern <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Welcome_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welcome-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2009 World Gathering was held outside <a href="/wiki/Murchison,_New_Zealand" title="Murchison, New Zealand">Murchison, New Zealand</a>, 2011 in Argentina, 2012 it began in Brazil, where the gatherers caravaned to Guatemala and completed the second half of the WRG, carrying their vision counsel finally to Palenque, Mexico. In 2013, it was once again held in Canada, on <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the western province of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>. 2014 WRG was in Hungary. 2015 WRG was in Egypt, Sinai. 2016 in Ethiopia. World Rainbow Gathering May 2017 was at Jengglungharjo, Indonesia. 2018 World Rainbow Gathering was in Hualien county in Taiwan. 2019 World Rainbow Gathering was in Chimila, in the Sierra Nevadas of Colombia. The 2020 World Rainbow Gathering was to be in Siberia, Russia, but was postponed to 2021.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2021 due to travel restrictions upon entering Russia the vision council decided to make it in December in Mexico. The October 2022 World Rainbow Gathering was held in the southwest of Turkey.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The consensus was for the 2024 gathering to be held in the Ivory Coast. Gatherings have also been held in Mexico and in Egypt. The Mayan calendar is used and the first gathering was for 2012 whereas the second was held ten years later in 2022. World peace gatherings were first held in Morocco in 2016 and followed up in Germany.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCahill1972" class="citation magazine cs1">Cahill, Tim (August 3, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/acid-crawlback-fest-armageddon-postponed-19720803">"Acid Crawlback Fest: Armageddon Postponed"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Acid+Crawlback+Fest%3A+Armageddon+Postponed&rft.date=1972-08-03&rft.aulast=Cahill&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fculture%2Ffeatures%2Facid-crawlback-fest-armageddon-postponed-19720803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace,_love,_unity_and_respect" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace, love, unity and respect">Peace, love, unity and respect</a> – Principles of rave culture<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Gathering&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Joanee_Freedom_2023_post-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Joanee_Freedom_2023_post_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/1051362925670367/permalink/1499897197483602">"Consensus from Vision Council on the land at the 2023 New Hampshire annual Rainbow Gathering for the 2024 annual Rainbow Gathering…"</a>. <i>Facebook</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=Consensus+from+Vision+Council+on+the+land+at+the+2023+New+Hampshire+annual+Rainbow+Gathering+for+the+2024+annual+Rainbow+Gathering%E2%80%A6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fgroups%2F1051362925670367%2Fpermalink%2F1499897197483602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niman2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Niman2011_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiman2011" class="citation journal cs1">Niman, Michael I (2011). "The Shanti Sena "peace center" and the non-policing of an anarchist temporary autonomous zone: Rainbow Family peacekeeping strategies". <i>Contemporary Justice Review</i>. <b>14</b> (1). Justice Studies Association: 65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10282580.2011.541077">10.1080/10282580.2011.541077</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1477-2248">1477-2248</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145126718">145126718</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Justice+Review&rft.atitle=The+Shanti+Sena+%22peace+center%22+and+the+non-policing+of+an+anarchist+temporary+autonomous+zone%3A+Rainbow+Family+peacekeeping+strategies&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=65&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145126718%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1477-2248&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10282580.2011.541077&rft.aulast=Niman&rft.aufirst=Michael+I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199731–32-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199731–32_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiman1997">Niman 1997</a>, pp. 31–32: "The Rainbow Family of Living Light is an "intentional group" whose members purposefully gather together to enact a supposedly shared ideology".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wehelie-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wehelie_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wehelie_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWehelie2015" class="citation news cs1">Wehelie, Benazir (March 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/22/world/cnnphotos-rainbow-gathering/">"Nineteen years under the rainbow"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2012</span>. <q>The only rule we have is that of peaceful respect.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=welcomehome.org&rft.atitle=Welcome+Home&rft.date=1996-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.welcomehome.org%2Frainbow%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESentelle2002200–204-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESentelle2002200–204_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESentelle2002200–204_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSentelle2002">Sentelle 2002</a>, pp. 200–204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997118–125-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997118–125_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiman1997">Niman 1997</a>, pp. 118–125: "Not Really Cops Rainbow Cop Trip"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199735,_55–57,_118–125,_128–130-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199735,_55–57,_118–125,_128–130_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiman1997">Niman 1997</a>, pp. 35, 55–57, 118–125, 128–130: "Roots," "A Persistent Democracy," "Not Really Cops Rainbow Cop Trip," "Peace through Violence-The Rainbow Ghetto"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman199785-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman199785_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiman1997">Niman 1997</a>, p. 85: "Work and Drudgery"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997170–183-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997170–183_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiman1997">Niman 1997</a>, pp. 170–183: "Land Stewardship and Community Relations"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Forest Service emails obtained by Buffalo State University of New York under the Freedom of Information Act.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (February 2015)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barker-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barker_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Barker2020" class="citation news cs1">Eric Barker (July 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705031040/https://lmtribune.com/northwest/updated-rainbow-gathering-not-sitting-well-with-some/article_94b20a00-b6b6-5b56-b780-8f2fc9a7452b.html">"UPDATED: Rainbow Gathering not sitting well with some"</a>. <i>The Lewiston Tribune</i>. Lewiston Morning Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lmtribune.com/northwest/updated-rainbow-gathering-not-sitting-well-with-some/article_94b20a00-b6b6-5b56-b780-8f2fc9a7452b.html">the original</a> on July 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arrest+leads+to+Rainbow+riot&rft.pub=Casper+Star-Tribune&rft.date=2008-07-05&rft.au=Morton%2C+Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trib.com%2Fnews%2Fstate-and-regional%2Farticle_f295196a-a95a-5542-bbd2-baa17ccae5c2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090956/http://rainbowguide.info/Raps/RAPeng.php?id=8">"Rainbow Guide - Rainbow Family of Living Light - Rainbow Raps: 151"</a>. <i>rainbowguide.info</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rainbowguide.info/Raps/RAPeng.php?id=8">the original</a> on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rainbowguide.info&rft.atitle=Rainbow+Guide+-+Rainbow+Family+of+Living+Light+-+Rainbow+Raps%3A+151&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frainbowguide.info%2FRaps%2FRAPeng.php%3Fid%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997125–128,_189–193-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997125–128,_189–193_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiman1997">Niman 1997</a>, pp. 125–128, 189–193: "'A' Camp for Alcohol Abusers", "The Drug Factor"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiman1997134–137_70-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiman1997">Niman 1997</a>, pp. 134–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tarleton-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tarleton_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tarleton_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarleton1999" class="citation cs2">Tarleton, John (July 1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johntarleton.net/niman.html">"Interview with Michael Niman"</a>, <i>On the Road with John Tarleton</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+the+Road+with+John+Tarleton&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Michael+Niman&rft.date=1999-07&rft.aulast=Tarleton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johntarleton.net%2Fniman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niman1997-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Niman1997_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiman1997" class="citation book cs1">Niman, Michael (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iXOOiNycqRcC&q=%22People%20of%20the%20Rainbow%3A%20a%20Nomadic%20Utopia%22&pg=PA134">"Fakelore"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peopleofrainbowa00nima/page/134"><i>People of the Rainbow: A Nomadic Utopia</i></a>. University of Tennessee Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peopleofrainbowa00nima/page/134">134–137</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0870499890" title="Special:BookSources/978-0870499890"><bdi>978-0870499890</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fakelore&rft.btitle=People+of+the+Rainbow%3A+A+Nomadic+Utopia&rft.pages=134-137&rft.pub=University+of+Tennessee+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0870499890&rft.aulast=Niman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiXOOiNycqRcC%26q%3D%2522People%2520of%2520the%2520Rainbow%253A%2520a%2520Nomadic%2520Utopia%2522%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynne Darling, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1980/07/07/the-rainbow-people/80aadbf3-ef61-4d43-9d62-766d4d01fc56/">The Rainbow People</a>". <i>Washington Post, July 7, 1980.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/19/us/after-12-years-a-break-in-west-virginia-slaying-of-2-hitchhikers.html">After 12 Years, a Break in West Virginia Slaying of 2 Hitchhikers</a>". <i>New York Times</i>, April 19, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/man-who-confessed-to-rainbow-murders-is-executed/article_1c6cadf7-fafe-504f-ad94-df19e9fe7d5d.html">Man who confessed to "Rainbow Murders" is executed</a>". Charleston <i>Gazette-Mail</i>, November 19, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurice Posley, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetail.aspx?caseid=3963">Jacob Beard</a>". National Registry of Exonerations, July 30, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/wv-supreme-court-of-appeals/1392999.html">State vs. Beard</a>, decided July 15, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joe Dashiell, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdbj7.com/content/news/Documentary-filmmaker-investigates-Rainbow-Murders--453717983.html">Documentary filmmaker investigates Rainbow Murders</a>". WDBJ, Roanoke, VA, October 27, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2011/07/woman_missing_after_attending_rainbow_family_gathering.html">"California woman missing after Rainbow Family Gathering"</a>. Vancouver, Washington. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. July 15, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=California+woman+missing+after+Rainbow+Family+Gathering&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fpacific-northwest-news%2Findex.ssf%2F2011%2F07%2Fwoman_missing_after_attending_rainbow_family_gathering.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katu.com/news/local/127481813.html">"Hopes fade for woman missing after Rainbow Family campout"</a>. <i>KATU News</i>. August 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KATU+News&rft.atitle=Hopes+fade+for+woman+missing+after+Rainbow+Family+campout&rft.date=2011-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.katu.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F127481813.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laTimesBlogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/10/rainbow-gathering-missing-woman.html">"Remains of Rainbow Gathering attendee from California possibly found"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. October 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Remains+of+Rainbow+Gathering+attendee+from+California+possibly+found&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2FlaTimesBlogs.latimes.com%2Flanow%2F2011%2F10%2Frainbow-gathering-missing-woman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbian.com/news/2011/oct/17/remains-identified-missing-rainbow-family-member/">"Remains identified as woman missing from Rainbow gathering"</a>. <i>The Columbian</i>. October 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Columbian&rft.atitle=Remains+identified+as+woman+missing+from+Rainbow+gathering&rft.date=2011-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbian.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2Foct%2F17%2Fremains-identified-missing-rainbow-family-member%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashington_Rainbow_Gathering2011" class="citation web cs1">Washington Rainbow Gathering (July 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washingtonGathering.blogspot.com/2011/07/rip-steve-and-amber-aya.html">"R.I.P. Steve and Amber "Aya"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Washington Rainbow Gathering 2011</i>. washingtongathering.blogspot.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Rainbow+Gathering+2011&rft.atitle=R.I.P.+Steve+and+Amber+%22Aya%22&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft.au=Washington+Rainbow+Gathering&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2FwashingtonGathering.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F07%2Frip-steve-and-amber-aya.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Krough2011" class="citation web cs1">David Krough (7 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907111313/http://www.kgw.com/home/Deadly-overdose-reported-at-Rainbow-Gathering-125170799.html">"Woman found dead at Rainbow Gathering"</a>. <i>KGW News Channel</i>. King Broadcasting Company. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kgw.com/home/Deadly-overdose-reported-at-Rainbow-Gathering-125170799.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(News article)</span> on 7 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KGW+News+Channel&rft.atitle=Woman+found+dead+at+Rainbow+Gathering&rft.date=2011-07-07&rft.au=David+Krough&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kgw.com%2Fhome%2FDeadly-overdose-reported-at-Rainbow-Gathering-125170799.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTony_Lystra2011" class="citation web cs1">Tony Lystra (September 23, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tdn.com/news/local/article_aff7a35c-e66c-11e0-8021-001cc4c002e0.html">"Rainbow Family members returning to Gifford Pinchot to search for missing woman"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(News article)</span>. <i>The Daily News</i>. The Daily News Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Rainbow+Family+members+returning+to+Gifford+Pinchot+to+search+for+missing+woman&rft.date=2011-09-23&rft.au=Tony+Lystra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftdn.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farticle_aff7a35c-e66c-11e0-8021-001cc4c002e0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Weiner2011" class="citation web cs1">Jeff Weiner (February 26, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2011/02/26/marion-detectives-investigate-body-found-in-pond-after-rainbow-gathering/">"Marion detectives investigate body found in pond after 'rainbow gathering'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(News article)</span>. <i>Orlando Sentinel</i>. Tribune Newspapers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orlando+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Marion+detectives+investigate+body+found+in+pond+after+%27rainbow+gathering%27&rft.date=2011-02-26&rft.au=Jeff+Weiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orlandosentinel.com%2F2011%2F02%2F26%2Fmarion-detectives-investigate-body-found-in-pond-after-rainbow-gathering%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeff Burlew and Karl Etters, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/politics/2015/03/05/one-dead-two-injured-rainbow-gathering/24456679/">Rainbow Family kicked from campsite after fatal shooting</a>. <i>Tallahassee Democrat</i>, March 6, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Adlerstein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apalachtimes.com/1.448998">Murder darkens Rainbow Gathering</a>. <i>Apalachicola Times</i>, March 11, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/deadly-shooting-at-rainbow-family-pacifist-gathering-in-florida/">Deadly shooting at "Rainbow Family" pacifist gathering in Florida</a>. CBS News, March 12, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tara Dodrill, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inquisitr.com/1922191/rainbow-family-gathering-shooting-rampae-at-pacifist-hippie-group-event-in-florida/">Rainbow Family Gathering: Shooting Rampage at Pacifist Hippie Group Event in Florida</a>. <i>Inquisitr</i>, March 13, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl Etters, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2015/03/18/man-charged-with-first-degree-murder-in-rainibow-shooting/24969167/">Man charged with first-degree murder in Rainbow shooting</a>. <i>Tallahassee Democrat</i>, March 18, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Adlerstein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apalachtimes.com/1.461815">Rainbow murder suspect moved to jail</a>. <i>Apalachicola Times</i>, April 8, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/woman-murdered-after-she-met-man-at-rainbow-gathering-sherrif-s-office-says/785103597">"Woman murdered after she met man at Rainbow Gathering, deputies say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WSB-TV" title="WSB-TV">WSB-TV</a>. July 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Woman+murdered+after+she+met+man+at+Rainbow+Gathering%2C+deputies+say&rft.pub=WSB-TV&rft.date=2018-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsbtv.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fwoman-murdered-after-she-met-man-at-rainbow-gathering-sherrif-s-office-says%2F785103597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdrb.com/story/38632855/police-id-18-year-old-woman-beaten-to-death-in-elizabethtown-suspect-charged">"Police ID 18-year-old woman beaten to death in Elizabethtown"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDRB" title="WDRB">WDRB</a>. July 12, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Police+ID+18-year-old+woman+beaten+to+death+in+Elizabethtown&rft.pub=WDRB&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdrb.com%2Fstory%2F38632855%2Fpolice-id-18-year-old-woman-beaten-to-death-in-elizabethtown-suspect-charged&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaude2021" class="citation web cs1">Laude, Julia (February 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wcjb.com/2021/02/16/rainbow-family-speaks-out-after-their-brother-is-killed-in-late-night-shooting/">"Rainbow Family speaks out after their brother is killed in late night shooting"</a>. <i>www.wcjb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wcjb.com&rft.atitle=Rainbow+Family+speaks+out+after+their+brother+is+killed+in+late+night+shooting&rft.date=2021-02-16&rft.aulast=Laude&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcjb.com%2F2021%2F02%2F16%2Frainbow-family-speaks-out-after-their-brother-is-killed-in-late-night-shooting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090608165600/http://eurogathering.rainbowinfo.net/">"2009 European Rainbow Gathering: Ukraine 22 July – 20 August 2009"</a>, <i>Eurogathering.Rainbowinfo.net</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eurogathering.rainbowinfo.net/">the original</a> on June 8, 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurogathering.Rainbowinfo.net&rft.atitle=2009+European+Rainbow+Gathering%3A+Ukraine+22+July+%E2%80%93+20+August+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feurogathering.rainbowinfo.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (July 2016)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/249/typhoid-fever-cases-linked-to-italian-rainbow-gathering--summer-2017">"Typhoid fever cases linked to Italian Rainbow gathering – Summer 2017"</a>, <i>travelhealthpro.org.uk</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=travelhealthpro.org.uk&rft.atitle=Typhoid+fever+cases+linked+to+Italian+Rainbow+gathering+%E2%80%93+Summer+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftravelhealthpro.org.uk%2Fnews%2F249%2Ftyphoid-fever-cases-linked-to-italian-rainbow-gathering--summer-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (September 2017)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtvslo.si/zdravje/novice/15-letna-slovenka-ki-je-zbolela-za-tifusom-ni-v-nevarnosti/433854">"15-letna Slovenka, ki je zbolela za tifusom, ni v nevarnosti"</a>, <i>www.rtvslo.si</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.rtvslo.si&rft.atitle=15-letna+Slovenka%2C+ki+je+zbolela+za+tifusom%2C+ni+v+nevarnosti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtvslo.si%2Fzdravje%2Fnovice%2F15-letna-slovenka-ki-je-zbolela-za-tifusom-ni-v-nevarnosti%2F433854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (September 2017)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_Writer2013" class="citation web cs1">Staff Writer (August 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timescolonist.com/opinion/editorial-a-rainbow-at-cape-scott-1.573430">"Editorial: A rainbow at Cape Scott"</a>. <i>Times Colonist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Colonist&rft.atitle=Editorial%3A+A+rainbow+at+Cape+Scott&rft.date=2013-08-09&rft.au=Staff+Writer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timescolonist.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorial-a-rainbow-at-cape-scott-1.573430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow+Gathering" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. 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href="/wiki/Slow_movement_(culture)" title="Slow movement (culture)">Slow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_house_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Small house movement">Small house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_house_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiny house movement">Tiny house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_town" title="Transition town">Transition town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Notable writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Berry" title="Wendell Berry">Wendell Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Callenbach" title="Ernest Callenbach">Ernest Callenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Elgin" title="Duane Elgin">Duane Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gregg_(social_philosopher)" title="Richard Gregg (social philosopher)">Richard Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hodgkinson" title="Tom Hodgkinson">Tom Hodgkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Hubbard" title="Harlan Hubbard">Harlan Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Kumar" title="Satish Kumar">Satish Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Nearing" title="Helen Nearing">Helen Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Nearing" title="Scott Nearing">Scott Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Pilgrim" title="Peace Pilgrim">Peace Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Rosen_(British_filmmaker)" title="Nick Rosen (British filmmaker)">Nick Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Semple" title="Dugald Semple">Dugald Semple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Schumacher" title="E. F. Schumacher">E. F. Schumacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Skene_Keith_(physician)" title="George Skene Keith (physician)">George Skene Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Modern-day adherents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Boyle_(Moneyless_Man)" title="Mark Boyle (Moneyless Man)">Mark Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Greenfield" title="Robin Greenfield">Robin Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaczynski" title="Ted Kaczynski">Ted Kaczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentti_Linkola" title="Pentti Linkola">Pentti Linkola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Merkel" title="Jim Merkel">Jim Merkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Pilgrim" title="Peace Pilgrim">Peace Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suelo" title="Suelo">Suelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_(activist)" title="Thomas (activist)">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Anekdote_zur_Senkung_der_Arbeitsmoral" title="Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral">Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Escape_from_Affluenza" title="Escape from Affluenza">Escape from Affluenza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Life_(1975_TV_series)" title="The Good Life (1975 TV series)">The Good Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_and_the_Sledgehammer" title="The Moon and the Sledgehammer">The Moon and the Sledgehammer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Earth_News" title="Mother Earth News">Mother Earth News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Half" title="The Power of Half">The Power of Half</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Small_Is_Beautiful" title="Small Is Beautiful">Small Is Beautiful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walden" title="Walden">Walden</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluenza" title="Affluenza">Affluenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateurism" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateurism">Amateurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Anarcho-primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">Appropriate technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">Ecological footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_miles" title="Food miles">Food miles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">The good life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">Global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedonophobia" title="Hedonophobia">Hedonophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_living" title="Intentional living">Intentional living</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">commune</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rainbow Gathering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itinerant_groups_in_Europe" title="Itinerant groups in Europe">Itinerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-technology">Low-technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_oil" title="Peak oil">Peak oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work%E2%80%93life_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Work–life interface">Work–life interface</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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