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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1998–2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1998–2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1998–2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1998–2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>2010–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portfolio_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intrawest_late_payment_and_Olympic_village_funds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Intrawest late payment and Olympic village funds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intrawest_late_payment_and_Olympic_village_funds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-VLSI_Technology_LLC_and_INVT_SPE_LLC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VLSI_Technology_LLC_and_INVT_SPE_LLC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>VLSI Technology LLC and INVT SPE LLC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VLSI_Technology_LLC_and_INVT_SPE_LLC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labrador_Diagnostics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labrador_Diagnostics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Labrador Diagnostics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labrador_Diagnostics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manwin_Investment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manwin_Investment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Manwin Investment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manwin_Investment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Key people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_Investment_Group" title="Fortress Investment Group – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fortress Investment Group" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_Investment_Group" title="Fortress Investment Group – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fortress Investment Group" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American investment management firm</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Citadel_LLC" title="Citadel LLC">Citadel LLC</a> or <a href="/wiki/Citadel_Securities" title="Citadel Securities">Citadel Securities</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Fortress Investment Group, LLC</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortress_Investment_Group_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Fortress_Investment_Group_logo.svg/250px-Fortress_Investment_Group_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Fortress_Investment_Group_logo.svg/375px-Fortress_Investment_Group_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Fortress_Investment_Group_logo.svg/500px-Fortress_Investment_Group_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="121" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">Private</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Investment Management Firm: Private Equity, Credit, Liquid Markets and Traditional Asset Management</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1998<span class="noprint">; 26 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1998</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_R._Edens" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesley R. Edens">Wesley R. Edens</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Kauffman_(businessman)" title="Rob Kauffman (businessman)">Rob Kauffman</a></li><li>Randal A. Nardone</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/1345_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1345 Avenue of the Americas">1345 Avenue of the Americas</a><br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Wesley R. Edens (Principal and co-CEO)</li><li>Peter L. Briger (Principal and co-CEO)</li><li>Randal A. Nardone (Principal)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">Investment Management Firm: Private Equity, Credit Funds, Railroads, Hedge Funds and Traditional Asset Management</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">AUM</a></th><td class="infobox-data">US$45.7 billion (September 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-FortressAbout_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FortressAbout-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">885 plus 199 investment professionals (September 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-FortressAbout_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FortressAbout-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mubadala_Investment_Company" title="Mubadala Investment Company">Mubadala Investment Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortress.com">fortress<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fortress Investment Group, LLC</b> is an American <a href="/wiki/Investment_management" title="Investment management">investment management</a> firm based in New York City. It was founded as a <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a> firm in 1998 by <a href="/wiki/Wes_Edens" title="Wes Edens">Wes Edens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rob_Kauffman_(businessman)" title="Rob Kauffman (businessman)">Rob Kauffman</a>, and Randal Nardone. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Fortress launched on the <a href="/wiki/NYSE" class="mw-redirect" title="NYSE">NYSE</a> in February 2007, the firm was the first large private equity firm in the US to be <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">traded publicly</a>. In December 2017, Fortress was fully acquired by <a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Group" title="SoftBank Group">SoftBank Group</a>, was delisted, and returned to being a <a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">privately held company</a>. </p><p>Fortress manages $44.7 billion of assets under management as of June 30, 2023, on behalf of over 1,900 institutional clients and private investors worldwide across a range of credit and real estate, private equity and permanent capital investment strategies.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2023, <a href="/wiki/Mubadala_Investment_Company" title="Mubadala Investment Company">Mubadala Investment Company</a> agreed to acquire a majority stake in Fortress from Softbank for an undisclosed sum.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exactly one year later, in partnership with Fortress management, Mubadala completed the acquisition of the company.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1998–2010"><span id="1998.E2.80.932010"></span>1998–2010</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1998–2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fortress Investment Group LLC was founded in 1998 in New York City as a private equity firm in 1998 by Wesley R. Edens, a former partner at <a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock</a>; Rob Kauffman, a managing director at <a href="/wiki/UBS_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="UBS AG">UBS</a>; Randal A. Nardone, also a managing director at <a href="/wiki/UBS_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="UBS AG">UBS</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Novogratz" title="Michael Novogratz">Michael Novogratz</a>, a former partner at <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>; and Pete Briger, also a former partner at <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-businessweek_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessweek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The firm quickly expanded into hedge funds, real estate-related investments and <a href="/wiki/Debt_securities" class="mw-redirect" title="Debt securities">debt securities</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Novogratz" title="Michael Novogratz">Michael Novogratz</a> leading the hedge fund strategy and Peter Briger, also a former <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> partner, overseeing the credit and real estate-related investments.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fortress's investments grew rapidly, with its private equity funds netting 39.7% between 1999 and 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg_on_FIG_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg_on_FIG-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Fortress launched on the <a href="/wiki/NYSE" class="mw-redirect" title="NYSE">NYSE</a> on February 9, 2007, with Goldman Sachs and <a href="/wiki/Lehman_Brothers" title="Lehman Brothers">Lehman Brothers</a> underwriting the <a href="/wiki/IPO" class="mw-redirect" title="IPO">IPO</a>, it was the first large private equity firm in the United States to be <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">traded publicly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2016_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2016-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP_on_FIG_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP_on_FIG-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Economic_downturn_of_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic downturn of 2008">economic downturn of 2008</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes (magazine)">Forbes</a></i> included Wesley Edens (and two other Fortress principals) among its "biggest billionaire losers of 2008", noting that Edens had "watched his fortune dwindle as investor redemption soared at the company's flagship fund".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fortress and its principals were subsequently featured in an April 2009 <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i> article on the adverse economic conditions facing <a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">hedge funds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Over_the_Hedge_2009_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Over_the_Hedge_2009-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010–present"><span id="2010.E2.80.93present"></span>2010–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2010–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, Fortress was named "Hedge Fund Manager of the Year" by <i><a href="/wiki/Institutional_Investor_(magazine)" title="Institutional Investor (magazine)">Institutional Investor</a></i> and "Management Firm of the Year" by <i>HFMWeek</i>. Fortress has previously been recognized by <i>Institutional Investor</i> as “Discretionary Macro-Focused Hedge Fund of the Year” for 2012, and “Credit-Focused Fund of the Year” for both 2011 and 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Autumn 2014, Fortress hired Jeff Feig, formerly the Global Head of Foreign Exchange at <a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a> to join Novogratz as co-CIO of the Fortress Macro Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of October 13, 2015, the company announced that the $2.3 billion Macro Fund was to close down and distribute its assets to investors. This development came after Feig stepped down as co-CIO of the fund in July 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the firm, Novogratz, the remaining CIO, was expected to retire from the firm by the end of 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of June 30, 2016, Fortress Investment Group had four core businesses totaling approximately $70.2 billion of <a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">assets under management</a>: <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a>, credit, liquid markets<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and traditional asset management (Logan Circle Partners was acquired in April 2010).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 14, 2017, <a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Group" title="SoftBank Group">SoftBank Group</a> agreed that it would buy Fortress Investment Group LLC for $3.3 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-softbank-fortress_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-softbank-fortress-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SoftBank acquisition was completed in the last week of December,<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-one-main_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-one-main-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Fortress being <a href="/wiki/Listing_(finance)#Delisting" title="Listing (finance)">delisted</a> from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>, and returned to being a <a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">privately held company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein" title="Harvey Weinstein">Harvey Weinstein</a> sexual assault scandal, in late October 2017, it was reported that Fortress Investment Group was in talks to provide a loan to <a href="/wiki/Weinstein_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Weinstein Co.">Weinstein Co.</a><sup id="cite_ref-wsj-fritz_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-fritz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2017, Fortress Investment Group loaned $100 million to the medical startup <a href="/wiki/Theranos" title="Theranos">Theranos</a>. Theranos had reportedly been on the verge of <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>, with the loan to keep them solvent through 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj-carreyrou_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-carreyrou-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fortune-theranos_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortune-theranos-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnbc-loan_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbc-loan-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Fortress also had "underdog" bets in a private passenger rail line in Florida.<sup id="cite_ref-fortune-theranos_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortune-theranos-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By January 3, 2018, the company had divested itself of <a href="/wiki/Florida_East_Coast_Railway" title="Florida East Coast Railway">Florida East Coast Railway</a> and Logan Circle Partners.<sup id="cite_ref-fortune-theranos_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortune-theranos-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remained the parent company of the <a href="/wiki/Brightline" title="Brightline">Brightline</a> passenger rail in Florida, which is the only privately owned and operated passenger railroad in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-king5_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-king5-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fortress Investment Group is also investing in the construction of <a href="/wiki/Brightline_West" title="Brightline West">Brightline West</a>, a high speed rail route between Las Vegas and Southern California. The route is being advertised as “A Brightline Company.” On January 3, 2018, it was reported that Fortress was nearing a deal to sell its stake on OneMain to <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Global_Management" title="Apollo Global Management">Apollo Global Management</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-one-main_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-one-main-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement was announced on January 5, with Varde Partners also taking part in the purchase.<sup id="cite_ref-nasdaq_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasdaq-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Fortress Investment increased its bid for Japanese company Unizo to roughly $1.6 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, Fortress failed in a takeover bid for UK supermarket chain <a href="/wiki/Morrisons" title="Morrisons">Morrisons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian24_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian24-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, <a href="/wiki/Mubadala_Investment_Company" title="Mubadala Investment Company">Mubadala Investment Company</a> announced that it would acquire majority of stake in Fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mubadala" class="mw-redirect" title="Mubadala">Mubadala</a> was to acquire 60% stakes for $3 billion from the <a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Group" title="SoftBank Group">SoftBank Group</a>. The deal was expected to close by early 2024, and would leave Mubadala with total 70% stakes in Fortress. However, the investment deal was being scrutinized by the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Foreign_Investment_in_the_United_States" title="Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States">Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States</a> (CFIUS). Mubadala's intended investment was a concern for the US over the UAE's growing relations with China. In early 2019, <a href="/wiki/Mubadala" class="mw-redirect" title="Mubadala">Mubadala</a> took 10% percent stake of Fortress, which had gotten clearance for purchase from CFIUS.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 10, 2024, the Financial Times reported the Abu Dhabi sovereign investor Mubadala Capital's $3 billion bid for New York-based Fortress Investment Group has cleared significant U.S. regulatory hurdle after the parties agreed to important concessions. The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) approved Fortress' sale of a majority equity interest to Mubadala, the newspaper said, citing three people familiar with the matter. </p><p>The approval comes as Mubadala agreed to let Fortress commit to keeping technology and data in the U.S. after it earlier pledged to waive day to day control over the investment group, the report said, adding that the concession comes amid Washington's increased focus on protecting US intellectual property. </p><p>CFIUS and Mubadala did not immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment, while Fortress declined to comment on the report. After the deal is completed, Fortress' management will own a 30% stake, with Mubadala owning 70%.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 15, 2024, it was announced that Mubadala and Foetress management had completed the purchase of the company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portfolio_companies">Portfolio companies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Portfolio companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, Fortress-managed funds acquired Canadian <a href="/wiki/Ski_resort" title="Ski resort">ski resort</a> operator <a href="/wiki/Intrawest" title="Intrawest">Intrawest</a>, North America's largest ski resort operator that also operated luxury <a href="/wiki/Adventure_travel" title="Adventure travel">adventure travel</a> brands such as Abercrombie & Kent, which was sold in August, 2016.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-theglobeandmail_2010_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theglobeandmail_2010-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2006, <a href="/wiki/RailAmerica" title="RailAmerica">RailAmerica</a> announced that a Fortress-managed fund would acquire the company, offering $16.35 per share (a 32% premium). The transaction was completed in February 2007. Fortress later sold RailAmerica via <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> in October 2009. </p><p>In May 2007, <a href="/wiki/Florida_East_Coast_Industries" title="Florida East Coast Industries">Florida East Coast Industries</a> (FECI), parent company of <a href="/wiki/Florida_East_Coast_Railway" title="Florida East Coast Railway">Florida East Coast Railway</a> (FEC), announced that following a unanimous vote of the FECI Board of Directors, a Fortress-managed fund would acquire FECI in a transaction valued at <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>3.5 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker2011_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker2011-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Surface_Transportation_Board" title="Surface Transportation Board">Surface Transportation Board</a> approved the transaction in September 2007. Although RailAmerica operated FEC for a time, the two were never merged, and after the RailAmerica IPO Fortress retained FEC. Florida East Coast Railway was sold to Mexican transportation company GMéxico Transportes S.A. de C.V. (GMXT), a unit of Grupo Mexico in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2007, Fortress announced that it would partner with <a href="/wiki/Centerbridge_Partners" title="Centerbridge Partners">Centerbridge Partners</a> to acquire <a href="/wiki/Penn_National_Gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn National Gaming">Penn National Gaming</a>, an operator of casinos and horse racing venues, for $6.1 billion. Penn National shareholders were to receive $67 cash for each share. In July 2008, Fortress backed away from the agreement amidst the uncertain economic climate. Under the termination agreement, Penn National received $1.475 billion, consisting of a <a href="/wiki/Breakup_fee" title="Breakup fee">breakup fee</a> of $225 million and an interest-free $1.25 billion loan from Fortress, Centerbridge, <a href="/wiki/Wachovia" title="Wachovia">Wachovia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a>. Fortress co-chairman Wesley Edens assumed a seat on the board of Penn National as part of the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fortress has taken several of its portfolio companies public, such as <a href="/wiki/Aircastle" title="Aircastle">Aircastle Ltd.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brookdale_Senior_Living_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Brookdale Senior Living Inc.">Brookdale Senior Living Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/GAGFAH" title="GAGFAH">GAGFAH</a> and <a href="/wiki/RailAmerica" title="RailAmerica">RailAmerica</a>, Inc. </p><p>Fortress has said it lost $125 million purchasing fraudulent <a href="/wiki/Promissory_note" title="Promissory note">promissory notes</a> from <a href="/wiki/Marc_Dreier" title="Marc Dreier">Marc Dreier</a>, who had been operating a <a href="/wiki/Ponzi_scheme" title="Ponzi scheme">Ponzi scheme</a>. Fortress filed a lawsuit against the <a href="/wiki/Law_firm" title="Law firm">law firm</a> <a href="/wiki/Dechert" title="Dechert">Dechert</a> in an attempt to recover the loss.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lawsuit was filed in New York state court, alleging Dechert issued a "false" legal opinion letter that Dreier used to defraud Fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fortress's private equity investment portfolio includes <a href="/wiki/Aircastle" title="Aircastle">Aircastle</a> Limited, Alea Group Holdings (Bermuda) Ltd., <a href="/wiki/Amresco" title="Amresco">AMRESCO</a>, Boxclever, Capstead Mortgage Corporation, CW Financial Services, Eurocastle Investment Limited, Flagler, Florida East Coast Railway, <a href="/wiki/GAGFAH" title="GAGFAH">GAGFAH</a>, <a href="/wiki/GateHouse_Media" title="GateHouse Media">GateHouse Media</a>, Inc., Global Signal, Inc., Green Tree Servicing LLC, <a href="/wiki/Holiday_Retirement" title="Holiday Retirement">Holiday Retirement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intrawest" title="Intrawest">Intrawest</a>, Italfondiario, Kramer Junction, Mapeley Limited, MBS Holdings, MS Hub, <a href="/wiki/Nationstar_Mortgage" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationstar Mortgage">Nationstar Mortgage LLC</a>, Penn National Gaming, Inc., Prime Retail, <a href="/wiki/RailAmerica" title="RailAmerica">RailAmerica</a>, RESG, Seacastle Inc., Simon Storage, <a href="/wiki/Springleaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Springleaf">Springleaf Financial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umami_Burger" title="Umami Burger">Umami Burger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IPCom_GmbH_%26_Co._KG" class="mw-redirect" title="IPCom GmbH & Co. KG">IPCom GmbH & Co. KG</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2014, Fortress was the winning bidder for the assets of the <a href="/wiki/Montreal,_Maine_and_Atlantic_Railway" title="Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway">Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway</a>, a line bankrupted after the July 6, 2013 <a href="/wiki/Lac-M%C3%A9gantic_derailment" class="mw-redirect" title="Lac-Mégantic derailment">Lac-Mégantic derailment</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Runaway_train" title="Runaway train">runaway train</a> loaded with crude oil obliterated much of historic downtown <a href="/wiki/Lac-M%C3%A9gantic,_Quebec" title="Lac-Mégantic, Quebec">Lac-Mégantic, Quebec</a>, causing 47 fatalities.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2014, John E. Giles of Great Lakes Partners estimated a $10–$20 million investment would be needed over three years to repair the line, which Fortress brands as the <a href="/wiki/Central_Maine_and_Quebec_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Maine and Quebec Railway">Central Maine and Quebec Railway</a>, as it is in poor condition and currently not safe for the transport of oil or dangerous goods.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sale was completed in May 2014, for US$15.85 million.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2014, it was reported by the <i><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Business_Journal" title="Birmingham Business Journal">Birmingham Business Journal</a></i> that Fortress had purchased the Inverness Corners retail center.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fortress Investment Group is also the parent company to Mystays hotels and resorts in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2024, Fortress purchased the UK discount retailer <a href="/wiki/Poundstretcher" title="Poundstretcher">Poundstretcher</a>, which also included it's 60 store sister discount chain <a href="/wiki/Bargain_Buys" title="Bargain Buys">Bargain Buys</a>. This added to their other UK businesses <a href="/wiki/Majestic_Wine" title="Majestic Wine">Majestic Wine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punch_Pubs" title="Punch Pubs">Punch Pubs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian24_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian24-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2024, Fortress sued Businessman <a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Cohen" title="Charles S. Cohen">Charles Cohen</a> for a default on a $534mn loan made in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August a New York Supreme Court judge approved proceeding with a foreclosure auction against properties owned by Cohen to recoup part of the value of the loans. Cohen disputed the claim, alleging that a restructuring agreement had been reached with Fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court rejected Cohen's motion to postpone the auction. In November 2024, Fortress seized control of cinema chain <a href="/wiki/Curzon_Cinemas" title="Curzon Cinemas">Curzon</a> for $5mn as part of the auction.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intrawest_late_payment_and_Olympic_village_funds">Intrawest late payment and Olympic village funds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Intrawest late payment and Olympic village funds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fortress Investment Group was the primary lender to Millennium Development Group for building the C$875 million athlete's village for the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a> in Southeast False Creek,<a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver, British Columbia">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>. Financial instability in September 2008 saw Fortress Investment Group reportedly at the brink of bankruptcy; consequently, Fortress was unable to provide further financing to Millennium, forcing the City of Vancouver to pay approximately C$450 million to complete the project in time for the Winter Olympic Games.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The City applied for and received legislative approval from the province to borrow as much money as required to complete the project.<sup id="cite_ref-cbc_2009_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbc_2009-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The village was completed in November 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three weeks before the opening of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a> in Vancouver, Fortress failed to make payment on its loan used to buy out <a href="/wiki/Intrawest" title="Intrawest">Intrawest</a>. This caused its creditors to force Intrawest to divest itself of several of its resort holdings in 2009 and 2010 to reduce its debt load.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fortress Investment became the owner of the village after the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBC_2014_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC_2014-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="VLSI_Technology_LLC_and_INVT_SPE_LLC">VLSI Technology LLC and INVT SPE LLC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: VLSI Technology LLC and INVT SPE LLC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VLSI Technology LLC and INVT SPE LLC, portfolio companies owned by investment funds managed by Fortress, have filed several lawsuits against <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZTE" title="ZTE">ZTE</a> and other telecommunications companies. In 2019, VLSI alleged Intel's <a href="/wiki/SpeedStep" title="SpeedStep">SpeedStep</a> technology introduced in 2005 infringes on its patent purchased.<sup id="cite_ref-20210421bloom_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20210421bloom-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this same time, VLSI asserted its patents against several other Intel products and obtained two jury verdicts totaling over $3 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> INVT SPE LLC was assigned 740 telecommunications patents originally filed by <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> after funds managed by Fortress acquired assets previously belonging to Inventergy Global, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-20200423essential_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200423essential-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20170829rpx_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20170829rpx-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labrador_Diagnostics">Labrador Diagnostics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Labrador Diagnostics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 9, 2020, an LLC owned by funds managed by Fortress through its <a href="/wiki/Non-operating_subsidiary" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-operating subsidiary">non-operating subsidiary</a> Labrador Diagnostics (which holds patents previously owned by Theranos), alleged that BioFire's FilmArray technology infringed some of its patents.<sup id="cite_ref-labvbiofire_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labvbiofire-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 3, 2020, the <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i> published an article identifying that <a href="/wiki/BioM%C3%A9rieux" title="BioMérieux">bioMérieux</a> was working on two diagnostic tests for COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the patent infringement lawsuit was filed, bioMérieux announced that BioFire was developing tests to detect SARS-CoV-2.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the announcement, Labrador claimed that when it filed the lawsuit against BioFire it had no idea BioFire was developing COVID-19 testing kits.<sup id="cite_ref-pearcey_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pearcey-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fortress subsequently offered to grant both the defendants and anyone else a royalty-free license for its technology for use in COVID-19 tests.<sup id="cite_ref-pearcey_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pearcey-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manwin_Investment">Manwin Investment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Manwin Investment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fortress invested in Manwin Company.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_people">Key people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Key people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Randal A. Nardone: <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>, co-founder, principal<sup id="cite_ref-f-leaders_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f-leaders-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_R._Edens" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesley R. Edens">Wesley R. Edens</a>: co-founder, principal<sup id="cite_ref-f-leaders_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f-leaders-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Peter L. Briger: principal<sup id="cite_ref-f-leaders_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f-leaders-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bb-briger_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb-briger-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asset_management_firms" title="List of asset management firms">List of asset management firms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hedge_funds" title="List of hedge funds">List of hedge funds</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FortressAbout-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FortressAbout_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FortressAbout_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fortress.com/about">"Overview"</a>. Fortress Investment Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2022</span>. <q>Fortress manages $45.7 billion of assets under management as of September 30, 2022, on behalf of over 1,900 institutional clients and private investors worldwide</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview&rft.pub=Fortress+Investment+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fortress.com%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+Investment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.nfg.com/nassau-financial-group-and-fortress-investment-group-enter-into-strategic-partnership-2/">"Nassau Financial Group and Fortress Investment Group Enter into Strategic Partnership"</a>. <i>Nassau News</i>. September 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nassau+News&rft.atitle=Nassau+Financial+Group+and+Fortress+Investment+Group+Enter+into+Strategic+Partnership&rft.date=2023-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.nfg.com%2Fnassau-financial-group-and-fortress-investment-group-enter-into-strategic-partnership-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+Investment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230522005259/en/Fortress-Management-and-Mubadala-to-Acquire-Fortress-Investment-Group">"Fortress Management and Mubadala to Acquire Fortress Investment Group"</a>. <i>www.businesswire.com</i>. May 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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March 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+of+3+diagnostic+tests+for+SARS-CoV-2+coronavirus+available+from+bioM%C3%A9rieux&rft.date=2020-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomerieux.com%2Fen%2Fnovel-coranovirus-covid-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+Investment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pearcey-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pearcey_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pearcey_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Pearcey" class="citation web cs1">Edward Pearcey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lifesciencesipreview.com/news/fortress-offers-licences-after-covid-19-testing-patent-backlash-3957">"Fortress withdraws patent lawsuit over COVID-19 testing discovery"</a>. <i>Life Sciences IP Review</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Life+Sciences+IP+Review&rft.atitle=Fortress+withdraws+patent+lawsuit+over+COVID-19+testing+discovery&rft.au=Edward+Pearcey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifesciencesipreview.com%2Fnews%2Ffortress-offers-licences-after-covid-19-testing-patent-backlash-3957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+Investment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200316005955/en/Labrador-Diagnostics-Grant-Royalty-free-Licenses-COVID-19-Testing">"Labrador Diagnostics Will Grant Royalty-free Licenses for COVID-19 Testing"</a>. <i>Business Wire</i>. March 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Wire&rft.atitle=Labrador+Diagnostics+Will+Grant+Royalty-free+Licenses+for+COVID-19+Testing&rft.date=2020-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20200316005955%2Fen%2FLabrador-Diagnostics-Grant-Royalty-free-Licenses-COVID-19-Testing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+Investment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/how-a-canadian-founded-company-youve-never-heard-of-took-control-of-the-porn-industry">"How a (Canadian-founded) company you've never heard of took control of the porn industry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a></i>. October 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=How+a+%28Canadian-founded%29+company+you%27ve+never+heard+of+took+control+of+the+porn+industry&rft.date=2014-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fhow-a-canadian-founded-company-youve-never-heard-of-took-control-of-the-porn-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+Investment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f-leaders-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-f-leaders_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f-leaders_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f-leaders_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fortress.com/about#leadership"><i>Leadership</i></a>, Fortress<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leadership&rft.pub=Fortress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fortress.com%2Fabout%23leadership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+Investment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bb-briger-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bb-briger_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=1155225&privcapId=666715">"Peter Lionel Briger Jr"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Peter+Lionel+Briger+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fresearch%2Fstocks%2Fpeople%2Fperson.asp%3FpersonId%3D1155225%26privcapId%3D666715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+Investment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_Investment_Group&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fortress.com">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Historical business data for Fortress Investment Group:</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=FIG">SEC filings</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="SoftBank_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SoftBank" title="Template:SoftBank"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SoftBank" title="Template talk:SoftBank"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SoftBank" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SoftBank"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="SoftBank_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Group" title="SoftBank Group">SoftBank Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masayoshi_Son" title="Masayoshi Son">Masayoshi Son</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikesh_Arora" title="Nikesh Arora">Nikesh Arora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Claure" title="Marcelo Claure">Marcelo Claure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hippeau" title="Eric Hippeau">Eric Hippeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Misra" title="Rajeev Misra">Rajeev Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigenobu_Nagamori" title="Shigenobu Nagamori">Shigenobu Nagamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachio_Semmoto" title="Sachio Semmoto">Sachio Semmoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Naheta" title="Akshay Naheta">Akshay Naheta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldebaran_Robotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldebaran Robotics">Aldebaran Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightstar_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Brightstar Corporation">Brightstar Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DramaFever" title="DramaFever">DramaFever</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fortress Investment Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY_Corporation" title="LY Corporation">LY Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RadioShack" title="RadioShack">RadioShack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB_Creative" title="SB Creative">SB Creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="SoftBank Mobile">SoftBank Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile US</a> (7.64%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blinkit" title="Blinkit">Blinkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flipkart" title="Flipkart">Flipkart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hike_Messenger" title="Hike Messenger">Hike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InMobi" title="InMobi">InMobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ola_Cabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ola Cabs">Ola Cabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OYO_Rooms" class="mw-redirect" title="OYO Rooms">OYO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paytm" title="Paytm">Paytm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapdeal" title="Snapdeal">Snapdeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GoTo_(Indonesian_company)" title="GoTo (Indonesian company)">GoTo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gojek" title="Gojek">Gojek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokopedia" title="Tokopedia">Tokopedia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grab_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grab (company)">Grab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OVO_(payment_service)" title="OVO (payment service)">OVO</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliated companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GungHo_Online_Entertainment" title="GungHo Online Entertainment">GungHo Online Entertainment</a> (3.80%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group</a> (36%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Dynamics" title="Boston Dynamics">Boston Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_SoftBank_Hawks" title="Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks">Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBI_Group" title="SBI Group">SBI Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Capital" title="SoftBank Capital">SoftBank Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Vision_Fund" title="SoftBank Vision Fund">SoftBank Vision Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_Corporation" title="Sprint Corporation">Sprint Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Private_equity_and_venture_capital" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Template:Private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Template talk:Private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Private_equity_and_venture_capital" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investment types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buyout" title="Buyout">Buyout</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">Leveraged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzanine_capital" title="Mezzanine capital">Mezzanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_capital" title="Growth capital">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_secondary_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Private equity secondary market">Secondaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_co-investment" title="Equity co-investment">Equity co-investment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="History of private equity and venture capital">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_private_equity" title="Early history of private equity">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1980s" title="Private equity in the 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1990s" title="Private equity in the 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2000s" title="Private equity in the 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2010s" title="Private equity in the 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2020s" title="Private equity in the 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and <br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">Buyout</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_sponsor" title="Financial sponsor">Financial sponsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_buyout" title="Management buyout">Management buyout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisional_buyout" title="Divisional buyout">Divisional buyout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy%E2%80%93sell_agreement" title="Buy–sell agreement">Buy–sell agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_recapitalization" title="Leveraged recapitalization">Leveraged recapitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_recapitalization" title="Dividend recapitalization">Dividend recapitalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">Angel investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">Business incubator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-money_valuation" title="Post-money valuation">Post-money valuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-money_valuation" title="Pre-money valuation">Pre-money valuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_agreement_for_future_equity" title="Simple agreement for future equity">SAFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_money" title="Seed money">Seed money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">Startup company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital_financing" class="mw-redirect" title="Venture capital financing">Venture capital financing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_debt" title="Venture debt">Venture debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_round" title="Venture round">Venture round</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_firm" title="Private equity firm">Private equity firms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_fund" title="Private equity fund">funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_partnership" title="Limited partnership">Limited partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_liability_company" title="Limited liability company">Limited liability company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carried_interest" title="Carried interest">Carried interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_fee" title="Management fee">Management fee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pledge_fund" title="Pledge fund">Pledge fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicly_traded_private_equity" title="Publicly traded private equity">Publicly traded private equity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_Development_Company" title="Business Development Company">Business Development Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital_trust" title="Venture capital trust">Venture capital trust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_investment_in_public_equity" title="Private investment in public equity">Private investment in public equity (PIPE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special-purpose_acquisition_company" title="Special-purpose acquisition company">SPAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_venture_capital" title="Corporate venture capital">Corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_investor" title="Institutional investor">Institutional investors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">Pension funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance#Insurance_companies" title="Insurance">Insurance companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund_of_funds" title="Fund of funds">Fund of funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">Foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_bank" title="Merchant bank">Merchant banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">Commercial banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-net-worth_individual" title="High-net-worth individual">High-net-worth individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_office" title="Family office">Family offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">Sovereign wealth funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">Crowdfunding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />financial terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">AUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalization_table" title="Capitalization table">Cap table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_call" title="Capital call">Capital call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_commitment" title="Capital commitment">Capital commitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_structure" title="Capital structure">Capital structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distribution_waterfall" title="Distribution waterfall">Distribution waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest,_taxes,_depreciation_and_amortization" title="Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization">EBITDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envy_ratio" title="Envy ratio">Envy ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-yield_debt" title="High-yield debt">High-yield debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">IPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_rate_of_return" title="Internal rate of return">IRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverage_(finance)" title="Leverage (finance)">Leverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquidation_preference" title="Liquidation preference">Liquidation preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">M&A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Market_Equivalent" title="Public Market Equivalent">PME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_of_private_equity_and_hedge_funds" title="Taxation of private equity and hedge funds">Taxation of private equity and hedge funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercapitalization" title="Undercapitalization">Undercapitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_year" title="Vintage year">Vintage year</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:Private_equity_and_venture_capital_investors" title="Category:Private equity and venture capital investors">Private equity and venture capital investors</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Private_equity_firms" title="Category:Private equity firms">Private equity firms</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_equity_firms" title="List of private equity firms">List of private equity firms</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:Venture_capital_firms" title="Category:Venture capital firms">Venture capital firms</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_venture_capital_firms" title="List of venture capital firms">List of venture capital firms</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:Angel_investors" title="Category:Angel investors">Angel investors</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Private_equity_portfolio_companies" title="Category:Private equity portfolio companies">Portfolio companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hedge_funds" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hedge_funds" title="Template:Hedge funds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hedge_funds" title="Template talk:Hedge funds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hedge_funds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hedge funds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hedge_funds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">Hedge funds</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investment<br />strategy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage" title="Arbitrage">Arbitrage</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Relative_value_(economics)" title="Relative value (economics)">relative value</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_structure#Arbitrage" title="Capital structure">Capital structure arbitrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible_arbitrage" title="Convertible arbitrage">Convertible arbitrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_neutral#Equity-market-neutral" title="Market neutral">Equity market neutral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_income_arbitrage" title="Fixed income arbitrage">Fixed income arbitrage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fixed-income_relative-value_investing" title="Fixed-income relative-value investing">fixed-income relative-value investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_arbitrage" title="Statistical arbitrage">Statistical arbitrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility_arbitrage" title="Volatility arbitrage">Volatility arbitrage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Event-driven_investing" title="Event-driven investing">Event-driven</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shareholder_activism" title="Shareholder activism">Shareholder activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distressed_securities" title="Distressed securities">Distressed securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_arbitrage" title="Risk arbitrage">Risk arbitrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_situation" title="Special situation">Special situation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Directional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convergence_trade" title="Convergence trade">Convergence trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_trading_advisor" title="Commodity trading advisor">Commodity trading advisors</a> / <a href="/wiki/Managed_futures_account" title="Managed futures account">managed futures account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_(finance)" title="Short (finance)">Dedicated short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_macro" title="Global macro">Global macro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long/short_equity" title="Long/short equity">Long/short equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trend_following" title="Trend following">Trend following</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fund_of_funds#Fund_of_hedge_funds" title="Fund of funds">Fund of hedge funds</a> / <a href="/wiki/Multi-manager_investment" title="Multi-manager investment">Multi-manager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicklet-currency.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chicklet-currency.jpg/60px-Chicklet-currency.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chicklet-currency.jpg/90px-Chicklet-currency.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chicklet-currency.jpg/120px-Chicklet-currency.jpg 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_trading" title="Algorithmic trading">Algorithmic trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_trading" title="Day trading">Day trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-frequency_trading" title="High-frequency trading">High-frequency trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_brokerage" title="Prime brokerage">Prime brokerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_trading" title="Program trading">Program trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_trading" title="Proprietary trading">Proprietary trading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_market" title="Commodity market">Commodities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derivative_(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)">Derivatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market" title="Stock market">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_market" title="Bond market">Fixed income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market" title="Foreign exchange market">Foreign exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_market" title="Money market">Money markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_finance" title="Structured finance">Structured securities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Misc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_return" title="Absolute return">Absolute return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage_pricing_theory" title="Arbitrage pricing theory">Arbitrage pricing theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">Assets under management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black%E2%80%93Scholes_model" title="Black–Scholes model">Black–Scholes model</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greeks_(finance)" title="Greeks (finance)">Greeks</a>: <a href="/wiki/Delta_neutral" title="Delta neutral">delta neutral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset_pricing_model" title="Capital asset pricing model">Capital asset pricing model</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpha_(finance)" title="Alpha (finance)">alpha</a> / <a href="/wiki/Beta_(finance)" title="Beta (finance)">beta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Security_characteristic_line" title="Security characteristic line">security characteristic line</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_analysis" title="Fundamental analysis">Fundamental analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_(finance)" title="Hedge (finance)">Hedge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securitization" title="Securitization">Securitization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_(finance)" title="Short (finance)">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_of_private_equity_and_hedge_funds" title="Taxation of private equity and hedge funds">Taxation of private equity and hedge funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_analysis" title="Technical analysis">Technical analysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_fund" title="Vulture fund">Vulture funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_office" title="Family office">Family offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Financial endowments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund_of_funds#Fund_of_hedge_funds" title="Fund of funds">Fund of hedge funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-net-worth_individual" title="High-net-worth individual">High-net-worth individual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_investor" title="Institutional investor">Institutional investors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance#Insurance_companies" title="Insurance">Insurance companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_bank" title="Merchant bank">Merchant banks</a></li> <li><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hedge_funds" title="Category:Hedge funds">Hedge funds</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:Hedge_fund_managers" title="Category:Hedge fund managers">Hedge fund managers</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_hedge_funds" title="List of hedge funds">List of hedge funds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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