ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 | Meaning & Origin

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Early results from trials show that the vaccine is safe and produces an immune response against the virus that causes COVID-19.</p> <p>Another name for <em>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19</em> is <em>AZD1222</em>, used especially in the context of the vaccine’s co-development by the University of Oxford, Vaccitech, and AstraZeneca. <em>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19</em> is especially used in the context of Oxford’s leading role in first developing the vaccine.</p> </div> </div> <div class="atw-socials"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fe%2Ftech-science%2Fchadox1-ncov-19%2F" target="_blank" data-linkid="begyaa"> <i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?text=ChAdOx1+nCoV-19&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fe%2Ftech-science%2Fchadox1-ncov-19%2F" target="_blank" data-linkid="agbu2i"> <i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="article-word__row article-word__row--transparent article-word__row--flex"> <div class="ad ad-atw-hot-mobile atw-mobile-ad" id="ad-wrapper-atw-hot-mobile"> </div> <script> var adWrappers = document.getElementsByClassName('ad-atw-hot-mobile'); var getAdWrapper = () => { if (adWrappers.length === 1) { return adWrappers[0]; } else { for (adWrapper of adWrappers) { var childNodes = adWrapper.children; if (childNodes.length === 0) { var grandParentNode = adWrapper.parentNode.parentNode; var isVisibleNode = !(grandParentNode.style.display === 'none') if (isVisibleNode) { return adWrapper; } } } } } var adWrapper = getAdWrapper() if (adWrapper) { var adUnit = document.createElement('div'); if (isSovrn) { adUnit.classList.add('dictionary_right_rail_300x250_flex_2'); adUnit.setAttribute('data-text', 'Sovrn Advertisement'); adWrapper.appendChild(adUnit); var hasWindow = typeof window !== 'undefined'; var hasProperBuildSlots = hasWindow && typeof window.properBuildSlots !== 'undefined'; if (hasProperBuildSlots) { window.properBuildSlots(); }; } else { adUnit.id = 'crb-ad-slot-atw-hot-mobile' adUnit.setAttribute('data-text', 'GPT Advertisement'); var adContainer = document.createElement('div'); adContainer.classList.add("ad__container"); if ("") { adContainer.classList.add(""); } adContainer.id = "crb-ad-container-atw-hot-mobile"; adContainer.setAttribute('data-text', 'GPT Advertisement'); var adContainerInner = document.createElement('div'); adContainerInner.classList.add('ad__container-inner'); adContainerInner.id = "crb-ad-container-inner-atw-hot-mobile"; adContainerInner.setAttribute('data-text', 'GPT Advertisement'); adWrapper.appendChild(adUnit); adContainerInner.appendChild(adUnit); adContainer.appendChild(adContainerInner); adWrapper.appendChild(adContainer); } } </script> <div class="article-word__related-words"> <h2 class="article-word__row-title">Related words</h2> <a data-linkid="uqagl6" href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/wet-market/">wet market</a>, <a data-linkid="uqagl6" href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/contact-tracing/">contact tracing</a>, <a data-linkid="uqagl6" href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/infodemic/">infodemic</a>, <a data-linkid="uqagl6" href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/patient-zero/">patient zero</a></div> </div> <div class="article-word__row" id="origin"> <div class="article-word__origin"> <h2 class="article-word__row-title"> What does <em>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19</em> mean? </h2> <div class="article-word__origin-content"> <div class="examples__item left"> <div class="examples__item__wrapper"> <div class="examples__item__content" style="height: auto;"> <span><img width="300" height="300" src="https://www.dictionary.com/e/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20200721_chadCovid_800x800-300x300.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.dictionary.com/e/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20200721_chadCovid_800x800-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.dictionary.com/e/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20200721_chadCovid_800x800-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.dictionary.com/e/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20200721_chadCovid_800x800-768x768.jpg 768w, https://www.dictionary.com/e/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20200721_chadCovid_800x800-83x83.jpg 83w, https://www.dictionary.com/e/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20200721_chadCovid_800x800-160x160.jpg 160w, https://www.dictionary.com/e/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20200721_chadCovid_800x800-380x380.jpg 380w, https://www.dictionary.com/e/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20200721_chadCovid_800x800-500x500.jpg 500w, https://www.dictionary.com/e/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20200721_chadCovid_800x800-700x700.jpg 700w, https://www.dictionary.com/e/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20200721_chadCovid_800x800.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></span> </div> <div class="examples__item__description"> </div> </div> </div> <p>Scientists abbreviate the names of vaccines, which can be long, complex, and technical. Even their abbreviations, however, can be confusing or intimidating to laypeople.</p> <p><em>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19</em> is no exception—which, we’ll admit, looks like a computer-generated password or a cyberpunk or gamer screen name if we didn’t know any better.</p> <p>✅ <em>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19</em> is a <em>chimpanzee</em> (<strong>Ch</strong>) <em>adenovirus-vectored vaccine</em> (<strong>Ad</strong>), whose development was led by the <em>University of Oxford</em> (<strong>Ox</strong>). It has been shown to stimulate an immune response to <strong>nCoV-19,</strong> the <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/novel-coronavirus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>novel coronavirus</em></a> first identified in 2019.</p> <p>Now, let’s unpack the phrase <em>chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine.</em></p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/vaccine" target="_blank" rel="noopener">vaccine</a>:</strong> a substance introduced into someone’s body to prevent them from getting a specific disease. It usually consists of a small amount of a killed, weakened, or otherwise modified version of a disease (such as a virus or bacterium).</li> <li><strong><a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/vector" target="_blank" rel="noopener">vector</a>:</strong> the agent that acts as carrier or transporter of the virus, which is injected into a patient to trigger a response from their immune system to fight off disease pathogens.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/about/symptoms.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">adenovirus</a>:</strong> a type of that can cause respiratory and other illnesses in humans and other primates, including <strong><a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/chimpanzee" target="_blank" rel="noopener">chimpanzees</a>,</strong> from which <em>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19</em> was specifically derived and is being used as the vaccine vector against COVID-19.</li> </ul> <p>In conjunction with the <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/spin-off" target="_blank" rel="noopener">spin-off </a>biotechnology company <a href="https://www.vaccitech.co.uk/technology/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Vaccitech</a>, Oxford has developed more than one adenovirus-vectored vaccine, which it refers to as <em>ChAdOx1</em> and <em>ChAdOx2,</em> hence the numeral <strong>1</strong> in <em>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.</em></p> <p>You may recall that <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>COVID-19</em></a> is the <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/coronavirus" target="_blank" rel="noopener">name of the disease</a> caused by one type of coronavirus, which was newly detected (<a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/novel" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>novel</em></a>) in 2019. The name of the specific coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is <em>severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</em>, abbreviated as <em>SARS-CoV-2.</em></p> <h3>Want to learn more about vaccines, immunity, and COVID-19? We have many more helpful and informative resources. Dig deeper in our <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/vaccine#editors-notes-section" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Vocab Builder on the history of the word <em>vaccine</em></a><em>.</em> Learn more about immune responses in our article <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/what-are-antibodies-and-do-they-kill-viruses/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“What Are Antibodies, And Do They Kill Viruses?”</a> And see how the pandemic got its name in our About This Word explainer on <em><a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/covid-19#editors-note-section" target="_blank" rel="noopener">COVID-19</a>.</em></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ad ad-atw-origin-mobile atw-mobile-ad" id="ad-wrapper-atw-origin-mobile"> </div> <script> var adWrappers = document.getElementsByClassName('ad-atw-origin-mobile'); var getAdWrapper = () => { if (adWrappers.length === 1) { return adWrappers[0]; } else { for (adWrapper of adWrappers) { var childNodes = adWrapper.children; if (childNodes.length === 0) { var grandParentNode = adWrapper.parentNode.parentNode; var isVisibleNode = !(grandParentNode.style.display === 'none') if (isVisibleNode) { return adWrapper; } } } } } var adWrapper = getAdWrapper() if (adWrapper) { var adUnit = document.createElement('div'); if (isSovrn) { adUnit.classList.add('dictionary_right_rail_300x250_flex_2'); adUnit.setAttribute('data-text', 'Sovrn Advertisement'); adWrapper.appendChild(adUnit); var hasWindow = typeof window !== 'undefined'; var hasProperBuildSlots = hasWindow && typeof window.properBuildSlots !== 'undefined'; if (hasProperBuildSlots) { window.properBuildSlots(); }; } else { adUnit.id = 'crb-ad-slot-atw-origin-mobile' adUnit.setAttribute('data-text', 'GPT Advertisement'); var adContainer = document.createElement('div'); adContainer.classList.add("ad__container"); if ("") { adContainer.classList.add(""); } adContainer.id = "crb-ad-container-atw-origin-mobile"; adContainer.setAttribute('data-text', 'GPT Advertisement'); var adContainerInner = document.createElement('div'); adContainerInner.classList.add('ad__container-inner'); adContainerInner.id = "crb-ad-container-inner-atw-origin-mobile"; adContainerInner.setAttribute('data-text', 'GPT Advertisement'); adWrapper.appendChild(adUnit); adContainerInner.appendChild(adUnit); adContainer.appendChild(adContainerInner); adWrapper.appendChild(adContainer); } } </script> <div class="article-word__row" id="examples"> <div class="article-word__examples"> <h2 class="article-word__row-title"> Examples of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 </h2> <div class="article-word__examples-list"> <div class="examples__item"> <div class="examples__item__wrapper"> <div class="examples__item__content text" style="border: 2px solid #92d6ff;"> <span>Still more research is ongoing, but it's looking like Oxford Uni's ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine could be the real deal (should also avoid some of the Big Pharma issues).</span> </div> <div class="examples__item__description"> @GossiTheDog, July 20, 2020 </div> </div> </div> <div class="examples__item"> <div class="examples__item__wrapper"> <div class="examples__item__content text" style="border: 2px solid #92d6ff;"> <span><span style="font-weight: 400;">The AZD1222 vaccine has been adapted from a common cold virus found in chimpanzees, with spike glycoprotein, a genetic material from the new coronavirus, added to it.</span></span> </div> <div class="examples__item__description"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Al Jazeera, July 21, 2020</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="examples__item"> <div class="examples__item__wrapper"> <div class="examples__item__content text" style="border: 2px solid #92d6ff;"> <span>A UK Phase I/II trial began in April testing the Oxford coronavirus vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. The team started working to develop a vaccine against the global threat that is coronavirus in January 2020 and have been working with unprecedented urgency in a race against the coronavirus.</span> </div> <div class="examples__item__description"> <a href="https://www.ovg.ox.ac.uk/news/new-study-reveals-oxford-coronavirus-vaccine-produces-strong-immune-response">Oxford Vaccine Group, July 20, 2020</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-word__examples-actions"> <a href="#" data-close="SEE LESS EXAMPLES" data-open="SEE MORE EXAMPLES" > SEE MORE EXAMPLES </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-word__row" id="usage"> <div class="article-word__usage"> <h2 class="article-word__row-title"> More information about <em>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19</em> </h2> <div class="usage__content clear"> <p>Vaccines generally take a long time to develop, as scientists need to ensure they are safe (don’t make patients sick) and <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/efficacious" target="_blank" rel="noopener">efficacious</a> (produce the desired immune response). To this end, scientists carry out a three-phase trial to test the vaccine, as the CDC <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/test-approve.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">explains</a>:</p> <p style="padding-left: 40px;"><em>During Phase I, small groups of people receive the trial vaccine. In Phase II, the clinical study is expanded and vaccine is given to people who have characteristics (such as age and physical health) similar to those for whom the new vaccine is intended. In Phase III, the vaccine is given to thousands of people and tested for efficacy and safety.</em></p> <p><em>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19</em> is moving into Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials. Oxford University is partnering with the UK-based, international <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/biopharmaceutical" target="_blank" rel="noopener">biopharmaceutical</a> company AstraZeneca to scale up testing and manufacturing of the potential COVID-19 around the globe. Populations at high-risk of illness or death from COVID-19, such as people over the age of 65 and hospital workers, will be prioritized for the next trials.</p> <p>So far, there have been well over 100 vaccine candidates for COVID-19, but none have been approved for prevention. <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2820%2931604-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">As published online in the medical journal <em>The Lancet</em> on July 20, 2020</a>, the initial results <em>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19</em> are encouraging, positive news, but much more research is needed to determine how long the vaccine’s immune response lasts, how the vaccine affects vulnerable populations, and whether the vaccine can reduce and prevent infection.</p> <p>In popular culture, some people have been making jokes about <em>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19</em> resembles <em><a href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/incel/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chad</a></em>, a slang term for a stereotypically <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/masculine" target="_blank" rel="noopener">masculine</a>, sexually <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/promiscuous" target="_blank" rel="noopener">promiscuous</a> young man.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ad ad-atw-usage-mobile atw-mobile-ad" id="ad-wrapper-atw-usage-mobile"> </div> <script> var adWrappers = document.getElementsByClassName('ad-atw-usage-mobile'); 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if ("") { adContainer.classList.add(""); } adContainer.id = "crb-ad-container-atw-usage-mobile"; adContainer.setAttribute('data-text', 'GPT Advertisement'); var adContainerInner = document.createElement('div'); adContainerInner.classList.add('ad__container-inner'); adContainerInner.id = "crb-ad-container-inner-atw-usage-mobile"; adContainerInner.setAttribute('data-text', 'GPT Advertisement'); adWrapper.appendChild(adUnit); adContainerInner.appendChild(adUnit); adContainer.appendChild(adContainerInner); adWrapper.appendChild(adContainer); } } </script> <div class="article-word__row"> <div class="article-word__just-added"> <h2 class="article-word__row-title">Just Added</h2> <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/brainrot/">brainrot</a>, <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/midwest-nice/">Midwest nice</a>, <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/brat/">brat</a>, <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/historical-current-events/earth-day/">Earth Day</a>, <a href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/memes/yassification/">yassification</a></div> </div> <div class="article-word__row"> <div class="article-word__note"> <h2 class="article-word__row-title">Note</h2> <p> This is not meant to be a formal definition of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 like most terms we define on Dictionary.com, but is rather an informal word summary that hopefully touches upon the key aspects of the meaning and usage of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 that will help our users expand their word mastery. </p> </div> </div> </article> <div class="ad ad-bottom atw-desktop-ad" id="ad-wrapper-bottom"> </div> <script> var adWrappers = document.getElementsByClassName('ad-bottom'); 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ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 | Meaning & Origin | Dictionary.com