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id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Numerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diacritics_and_punctuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diacritics_and_punctuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Diacritics and punctuation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diacritics_and_punctuation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Diacritics and punctuation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diacritics_and_punctuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Punctuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punctuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Punctuation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punctuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combining_diacritics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combining_diacritics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Combining diacritics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combining_diacritics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Macrons_and_overlines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macrons_and_overlines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Macrons and overlines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macrons_and_overlines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Coptic script</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptiese_alfabet" title="Koptiese alfabet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koptiese alfabet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptisches_Alphabet" title="Koptisches Alphabet – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Koptisches Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الأبجدية القبطية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأبجدية القبطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_coptu" title="Alfabetu coptu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfabetu coptu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qibti_%C9%99lifbas%C4%B1" title="Qibti əlifbası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qibti əlifbası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copt_j%C4%AB-b%C3%B3" title="Copt jī-bó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Copt jī-bó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Копцкае пісьмо – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Копцкае пісьмо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Коптска азбука – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Коптска азбука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizherenneg_koptek" title="Lizherenneg koptek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizherenneg koptek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_copte" title="Alfabet copte – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet copte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptsk%C3%A9_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Koptské písmo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Koptské písmo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptische_Schrift" title="Koptische Schrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Koptische Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Κοπτικό αλφάβητο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοπτικό αλφάβητο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_copto" title="Alfabeto copto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto copto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopta_alfabeto" title="Kopta alfabeto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kopta alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B7%DB%8C" title="الفبای قبطی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفبای قبطی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_copte" title="Alphabet copte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphabet copte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aib%C3%ADtir_Choptach" title="Aibítir Choptach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aibítir Choptach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbyrlhit_Coptagh" title="Abbyrlhit Coptagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Abbyrlhit Coptagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_copto" title="Alfabeto copto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto copto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%A5%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="콥트 문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콥트 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कॉप्टिक वर्णमाला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कॉप्टिक वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Koptik" title="Alfabet Koptik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet Koptik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_copto" title="Alfabeto copto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto copto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="კოპტური დამწერლობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოპტური დამწერლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopt%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Koptų raštas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Koptų raštas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_copta" title="Alfabeta copta – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta copta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidy_k%C3%B4pta" title="Abidy kôpta – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abidy kôpta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="კოპტური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოპტური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%89" title="حروف قبطى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حروف قبطى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_Qibti" title="Abjad Qibti – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abjad Qibti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptisch_alfabet" title="Koptisch alfabet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koptisch alfabet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="コプト文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コプト文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Коптийн абат – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Коптийн абат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_koptiske_alfabetet" title="Det koptiske alfabetet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det koptiske alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_c%C3%B2pte" title="Alfabet còpte – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alfabet còpte" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_koptyjski" title="Alfabet koptyjski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfabet koptyjski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_copta" title="Alfabeto copta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto copta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Коптское письмо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коптское письмо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptsk%C3%A9_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Koptské písmo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Koptské písmo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Коптски алфабет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Коптски алфабет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptilainen_kirjaimisto" title="Koptilainen kirjaimisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Koptilainen kirjaimisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptiska_alfabetet" title="Koptiska alfabetet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koptiska alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ชุดตัวอักษรคอปติก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชุดตัวอักษรคอปติก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%82%D3%A3" title="Алифбои қибтӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алифбои қибтӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1pt%C3%AE_alfabesi" title="Kıptî alfabesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kıptî alfabesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kybty_elipbi%C3%BDi" title="Kybty elipbiýi – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kybty elipbiýi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Коптська абетка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коптська абетка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%89%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%84%D9%89%D9%BE%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D9%89" title="قىبتىي ئېلىپبەسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قىبتىي ئېلىپبەسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_ch%E1%BB%AF_c%C3%A1i_Copt" title="Bảng chữ cái Copt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảng chữ cái Copt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8A%E5%AB%A1%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="及嫡字母 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="及嫡字母" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="科普特字母 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科普特字母" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="科普特字母 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科普特字母" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabet_Koptik" title="Alpabet Koptik – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Alpabet Koptik" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Qibti" title="Alfabet Qibti – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Alfabet Qibti" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Script used for writing the Coptic language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Dark_mode_problems plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-mos" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article has problems which may render some text or images unreadable or difficult to read in dark mode. Desktop readers can switch to light mode temporarily using the eyeglasses icon at the top of the page.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit">help fix these problems</a>; see the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_night_mode_compatibility_on_Wikimedia_wikis" class="extiw" title="mw:Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis">official how-to</a>.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">Coptic script<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic-render.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Coptic-render.svg/220px-Coptic-render.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Coptic-render.svg/330px-Coptic-render.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Coptic-render.svg/440px-Coptic-render.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="62" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabet</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2nd century A.D.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to present (in Coptic liturgy)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321083?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic language</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic">Proto-Sinaitic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek script">Greek script</a> augmented by <a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Coptic script</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Child systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Old_Nubian_language#Writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Nubian language">Old Nubian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Copt</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">(204)</span>, Coptic</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Coptic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2C80.pdf">U+2C80–U+2CFF</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Coptic</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf">U+0370–U+03FF</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Greek and Coptic</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U102E0.pdf">U+102E0–U+102FF</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Coptic Epact Numbers</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/CopticLetters.svg/40px-CopticLetters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/CopticLetters.svg/60px-CopticLetters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/CopticLetters.svg/80px-CopticLetters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="394" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a> text.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Coptic" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of Coptic letters.</div></div> </div> <p>The <b>Coptic script</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">script</a> used for writing the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic language</a>, the most recent development of <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian</a>. The repertoire of <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyphs</a> is based on the <a href="/wiki/Uncial" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncial">uncial</a> <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a>, augmented by letters borrowed from the Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a>. It was the first alphabetic script used for the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian language</a>. There are several <b>Coptic alphabets</b>, as the script varies greatly among the various dialects and eras of the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic language</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CopticLetters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/CopticLetters.svg/220px-CopticLetters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/CopticLetters.svg/330px-CopticLetters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/CopticLetters.svg/440px-CopticLetters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption>The letters of the Coptic script, not including sou</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em; font-size:200%; background:#870409; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Copts</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="center"><div class="center"> <div style="width: {{{cWidth}}}px; height: {{{cHeight}}}px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 175px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coptic_cross.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/175px-Coptic_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/263px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/350px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#870409; color:white;"> Culture</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_architecture" title="Coptic architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_art" title="Coptic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptology" title="Coptology">Coptology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_cross" title="Coptic cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_history" title="Coptic history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_identity" title="Coptic identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_placenames" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic placenames">Toponymy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Language</a></li> <li>Literature <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_literature" title="Coptic literature">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copto-Arabic_literature" title="Copto-Arabic literature">Arabic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_music" title="Coptic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_monasticism" title="Coptic monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_nationalism" title="Coptic nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Copts" title="Persecution of Copts">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_philosophy" title="Coptic philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Writing system</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#870409; color:white;"> Regions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copts_in_Egypt" title="Copts in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copts_in_Sudan" title="Copts in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copts_in_Libya" title="Copts in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Americans" title="Coptic Americans">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Coptic Orthodox Church in the United States">churches</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Canadians" title="Coptic Canadians">Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_in_Canada" title="Coptic Orthodox Church in Canada">churches</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Australians" title="Coptic Australians">Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_in_Australia" title="Coptic Orthodox Church in Australia">churches</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_in_Africa" title="Coptic Orthodox Church in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_in_Asia" title="Coptic Orthodox Church in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a 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of Egypt (Synod of the Nile)">Evangelical Church</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0; padding-bottom:0;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks abchis-body"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_alphabet" title="History of the alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></i></span> 32nd <abbr title="century">c.</abbr> BCE <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></i></span> 32nd c. BCE <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></i></span> 7th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a> 3rd c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic">Proto-Sinaitic</a></i></span> 19th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a> 15th c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Ancient South Arabian</a> 9th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5th c. BCE</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> 12th c. BCE <ul><li>(<span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">see <a href="#tp-abchistory-phx">below</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> 1443</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1601</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a> 1989</li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="treeview"><span class="anchor" id="tp-abchistory-phx"></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> 12th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-Hebrew">Paleo-Hebrew</a> 10th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a> 6th c. BCE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a> 3rd c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmic family">Brahmic</a></i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a> 4th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a> 6th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> 611</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> 7th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa" class="mw-redirect" title="ʼPhags-pa">ʼPhags-pa</a> 1269</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> 10th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a> 1840</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Neo-Aramaic#Square_Aramaic_Alphabet" title="Western Neo-Aramaic">Square Aramaic</a> 2007</li></ul></li> <li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a></i></span> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> 4th century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palmyrene</a> 2nd c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a> 1949</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic</a> 6th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 650</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> 1204</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a> 2nd century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Etruscan</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> 7th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a> 1854</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a> 19th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Syllabic_writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a> 1888</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a> 1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saanich_dialect#Writing_system" title="Saanich dialect">Saanich</a> 1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a> 2006</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic">Runic</a> 2nd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a> 4th century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a> 5th c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a> 3rd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a> 3rd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a> 405 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 420</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 430</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic">Glagolitic</a> 862</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 940</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Permic">Old Permic</a> 1372</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyco-Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyco-Berber">Libyco-Berber</a> 10th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh#Neo-Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Neo-Tifinagh</a> 1970</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleohispanic_scripts" title="Paleohispanic scripts">Paleohispanic</a> 7th c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>The Coptic script has a long history going back to the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a>, when the Greek alphabet was used to <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)" title="Transcription (linguistics)">transcribe</a> <a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a> texts, with the aim of recording the correct pronunciation of Demotic. As early as the sixth century BC and as late as the second century AD, an entire series of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">pre-Christian religious</a> texts were written in what scholars term <a href="/wiki/Old_Coptic" title="Old Coptic">Old Coptic</a>, Egyptian language texts written in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a>. </p><p>In contrast to Old Coptic, seven additional Coptic letters were derived from Demotic, and many of these (though not all) are used in “true” form of Coptic writing. Coptic texts are associated with <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a>. </p><p>With the spread of <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christianity</a> in Egypt, knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a> was lost by the late third century, as well as Demotic script slightly later, making way for a writing system more closely associated with the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a>. By the fourth century, the Coptic script was "standardized", particularly for the Sahidic dialect. (There are a number of differences between the alphabets as used in the various dialects in Coptic). </p><p>Coptic is not generally used today except by the members of the Coptic Orthodox Church to write their religious texts. All the Gnostic codices found at <a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi" title="Nag Hammadi">Nag Hammadi</a> used the Coptic script. </p><p>The Old Nubian alphabet—used to write <a href="/wiki/Old_Nubian" title="Old Nubian">Old Nubian</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilo-Saharan language">Nilo-Saharan language</a>—is an <a href="/wiki/Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">uncial</a> variant of the Coptic script, with additional characters borrowed from the Greek and <a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a> scripts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Form">Form</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Coptic script was the first Egyptian writing system to indicate <a href="/wiki/Vowels" class="mw-redirect" title="Vowels">vowels</a>, making Coptic documents invaluable for the interpretation of earlier Egyptian texts. Some Egyptian syllables had <a href="/wiki/Sonorant" title="Sonorant">sonorants</a> but no vowels; in Sahidic, these were written in Coptic with a line above the entire syllable. Various scribal schools made limited use of diacritics: some used an apostrophe as a <a href="/wiki/Word_divider" title="Word divider">word divider</a> and to mark <a href="/wiki/Clitic" title="Clitic">clitics</a>, a function of <a href="/wiki/Determinative" title="Determinative">determinatives</a> in <a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">logographic</a> Egyptian; others used <a href="/wiki/Diaeresis_(diacritic)" title="Diaeresis (diacritic)">diereses</a> over <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1107333977">.mw-parser-output .script-coptic{font-family:"Sophia Nubian","Noto Sans Coptic","FreeSerif","Quivira","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol","New Athena Unicode","MPH 2B Damase","Arial Coptic","Analecta","Antinoou"}</style><span class="script-coptic">ⲓ</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲩ</span> to show that these started a new syllable, others a <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a> over any vowel for the same purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-D&B_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D&B-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Coptic script's glyphs are largely based on the Greek alphabet, another help in interpreting older Egyptian texts,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 24 letters of Greek origin; 6 or 7 more were retained from <a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a>, depending on the dialect (6 in Sahidic, another each in Bohairic and Akhmimic).<sup id="cite_ref-D&B_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D&B-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the alphabetic letters, the letter ϯ stood for the syllable <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ti/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/di/</span>. </p><p>As the Coptic script is simply a <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typeface</a> of the Greek alphabet,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a few added letters, it can be used to write Greek without any transliteration schemes. Latin equivalents would include the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_orthography" title="Icelandic orthography">Icelandic alphabet</a> (which likewise has added letters), or the <a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a> alphabet (which has distinctive forms). While initially unified with the Greek alphabet by <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, a proposal was later accepted to separate it, with the proposal noting that Coptic is never written using modern Greek letter-forms (unlike German, which may be written with Fraktur or Roman <a href="/wiki/Antiqua_(typeface_class)" title="Antiqua (typeface class)">Antiqua</a> letter-forms), and that the Coptic letter-forms have closer mutual legibility with the Greek-based letters incorporated into the separately encoded <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a> than with the forms used in modern Greek. Because Coptic lowercases are usually small-caps forms of the capitals, a Greek would have little trouble reading Coptic letters, but Copts would struggle more with many of the Greek letters.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters">Letters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are the letters that are used for writing the Coptic language. Coptic did not originally have case distinctions—they are a modern convention, as is the case with other classical languages like <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: 10pt;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Uppercase <small>(image)</small> </th> <th>Lowercase <small>(image)</small> </th> <th>Uppercase <small>(unicode)</small> </th> <th>Lowercase <small>(unicode)</small> </th> <th>Numeric value </th> <th>Letter Name<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Greek <abbr title="equivalent">equiv.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Transliteration">Translit.</abbr><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="What specific transliteration(s) is/are being used here? (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </th> <th>Sahidic <abbr title="pronunciation">pron.</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-Peust_1999_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peust_1999-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Bohairic <abbr title="pronunciation">pron.</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-Peust_1999_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peust_1999-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Late Coptic <abbr title="pronunciation">pron.</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Greco-Bohairic <abbr title="hover over IPA symbol for when pronunciation is used, if no message appears when hovering: pronounced such always">pron.</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Alpha-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coptic_Alpha-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Alpha-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coptic_Alpha-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Alpha-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coptic_Alpha-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Alpha-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Alpha-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coptic_Alpha-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Alpha-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coptic_Alpha-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Alpha-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coptic_Alpha-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Alpha-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲁ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲁ</span></span> </th> <td>1 </td> <td><i>Alfa</i></td> <td>Α, α </td> <td>A </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">ä</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Beta-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coptic_Beta-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Beta-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coptic_Beta-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Beta-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coptic_Beta-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Beta-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Beta-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coptic_Beta-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Beta-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coptic_Beta-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Beta-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coptic_Beta-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Beta-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲃ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲃ</span></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>2 </td> <td><i>Vida</i></td> <td>Β, β</td> <td>B/V </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a>/</span><br />(final <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>]</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span><br />(final <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>]</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span>, <small>(<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>/</span> often before a consonant or in a name)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Gamma-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coptic_Gamma-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Gamma-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coptic_Gamma-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Gamma-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coptic_Gamma-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Gamma-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Gamma-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Coptic_Gamma-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Gamma-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Coptic_Gamma-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Gamma-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Coptic_Gamma-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Gamma-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲅ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲅ</span></span> </th> <td>3 </td> <td><i>Gamma</i></td> <td>Γ, γ </td> <td>G/Gh/NG </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span><br /><small>(marked Greek words)</small> </td> <td>— </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a>/</span>, ( <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>/</span> before ⲁ, ⲟ, or ⲱ) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a>/</span> <small>(before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a>/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span>)</small>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>/</span> <small>(before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a>/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Dalda-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Coptic_Dalda-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Dalda-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Coptic_Dalda-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Dalda-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Coptic_Dalda-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Dalda-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Dalda-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Coptic_Dalda-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Dalda-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Coptic_Dalda-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Dalda-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Coptic_Dalda-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Dalda-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲇ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲇ</span></span> </th> <td>4 </td> <td><i>Delda</i></td> <td>Δ, δ</td> <td>TH/D </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>/</span><br /><small>(marked Greek words)</small> </td> <td>— </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>/</span><br /><small>(marked Greek words)</small> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>/</span>, <small>(<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>/</span> in a name)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Ei-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coptic_Ei-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Ei-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coptic_Ei-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Ei-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coptic_Ei-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Ei-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Ei-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coptic_Ei-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Ei-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coptic_Ei-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Ei-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coptic_Ei-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Ei-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲉ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲉ</span></span> </th> <td>5 </td> <td><i>Eie</i></td> <td>Ε, ε</td> <td>E </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a>/</span><br />(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲉⲓ</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a>/</span><br />(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲓⲉ</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a>/</span><br />(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲓⲉ</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Sou.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coptic_Sou.svg/43px-Coptic_Sou.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coptic_Sou.svg/65px-Coptic_Sou.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coptic_Sou.svg/86px-Coptic_Sou.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Sou.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coptic_Sou.svg/26px-Coptic_Sou.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coptic_Sou.svg/39px-Coptic_Sou.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coptic_Sou.svg/52px-Coptic_Sou.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲋ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲋ</span></span> </th> <td>6 </td> <td><i>Sou</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CF%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϛ">ϛ</a><br />Ϛ, ϛ<a href="/wiki/Stigma_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stigma (letter)">*</a><br />(<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg/13px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg/19px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg/25px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="40" /></a></span>, <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg/12px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg/18px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg/24px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="40" /></a></span>)</td> <td>(none) </td> <td colspan="4"> <p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a>/</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Zeta-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Coptic_Zeta-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Zeta-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Coptic_Zeta-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Zeta-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Coptic_Zeta-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Zeta-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Zeta-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Coptic_Zeta-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Zeta-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Coptic_Zeta-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Zeta-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Coptic_Zeta-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Zeta-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲍ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲍ</span></span> </th> <td>7 </td> <td><i>Zata</i></td> <td>Ζ, ζ</td> <td>Z </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span><br /><small>(marked Greek words)</small> </td> <td>— </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span><br /><small>(marked Greek words)</small> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Eta-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coptic_Eta-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Eta-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coptic_Eta-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Eta-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coptic_Eta-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Eta-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Eta-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Coptic_Eta-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Eta-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Coptic_Eta-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Eta-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Coptic_Eta-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Eta-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲏ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲏ</span></span> </th> <td>8 </td> <td><i>Hate</i></td> <td>Η, η</td> <td>EE </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Theta-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Coptic_Theta-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Theta-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Coptic_Theta-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Theta-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Coptic_Theta-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Theta-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Theta-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coptic_Theta-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Theta-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coptic_Theta-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Theta-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coptic_Theta-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Theta-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲑ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲑ</span></span> </th> <td>9 </td> <td><i>Thethe</i></td> <td>Θ, θ</td> <td>Th/T </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Iota-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coptic_Iota-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Iota-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coptic_Iota-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Iota-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coptic_Iota-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Iota-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Iota-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coptic_Iota-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Iota-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coptic_Iota-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Iota-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coptic_Iota-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Iota-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲓ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲓ</span></span> </th> <td>10 </td> <td><i>Iauda</i></td> <td>Ι, ι</td> <td>I/J/Y </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a>/</span><br />(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲓⲉ</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span><br />(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲓⲉ</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> <small>(before vowels)</small>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a>/</span> <small>(after vowels to form diphthongs)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Kappa-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Coptic_Kappa-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Kappa-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Coptic_Kappa-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Kappa-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Coptic_Kappa-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Kappa-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Kappa-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coptic_Kappa-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Kappa-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coptic_Kappa-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Kappa-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coptic_Kappa-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Kappa-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲕ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲕ</span></span> </th> <td>20 </td> <td><i>Kapa</i></td> <td>Κ, κ</td> <td>K </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Laula-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coptic_Laula-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Laula-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coptic_Laula-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Laula-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coptic_Laula-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Laula-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Laula-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coptic_Laula-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Laula-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coptic_Laula-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Laula-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coptic_Laula-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Laula-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲗ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲗ</span></span> </th> <td>30 </td> <td><i>Laula</i></td> <td>Λ, λ</td> <td>L </td> <td colspan="4"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Me-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coptic_Me-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Me-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coptic_Me-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Me-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coptic_Me-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Me-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Me-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Coptic_Me-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Me-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Coptic_Me-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Me-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Coptic_Me-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Me-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲙ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲙ</span></span> </th> <td>40 </td> <td><i>Mi</i></td> <td>Μ, μ</td> <td>M </td> <td colspan="4"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Ne-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Coptic_Ne-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Ne-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Coptic_Ne-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Ne-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Coptic_Ne-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Ne-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Ne-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coptic_Ne-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Ne-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coptic_Ne-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Ne-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coptic_Ne-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Ne-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲛ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲛ</span></span> </th> <td>50 </td> <td><i>Ni</i></td> <td>Ν, ν</td> <td>N </td> <td colspan="4"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Kxi-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Coptic_Kxi-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Kxi-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Coptic_Kxi-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Kxi-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Coptic_Kxi-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Kxi-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Kxi-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coptic_Kxi-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Kxi-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coptic_Kxi-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Kxi-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coptic_Kxi-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Kxi-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲝ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲝ</span></span> </th> <td>60 </td> <td><i>Ksi</i></td> <td>Ξ, ξ</td> <td>X </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><br /><small>(only in Greek loanwords)</small> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">]</span> <small>(usually following a consonant, or sometimes when starting a word)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Ou-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coptic_Ou-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Ou-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coptic_Ou-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Ou-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coptic_Ou-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Ou-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Ou-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coptic_Ou-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Ou-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coptic_Ou-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Ou-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coptic_Ou-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Ou-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲟ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲟ</span></span> </th> <td>70 </td> <td><i>O</i></td> <td>Ο, ο</td> <td>O </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>/</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲟⲩ</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>/</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲟⲩ</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a>/</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲟⲩ</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Pi-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coptic_Pi-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Pi-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coptic_Pi-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Pi-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coptic_Pi-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Pi-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Pi-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Coptic_Pi-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Pi-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Coptic_Pi-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Pi-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Coptic_Pi-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Pi-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲡ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲡ</span></span> </th> <td>80 </td> <td><i>Pi</i></td> <td>Π, π</td> <td>P </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Ro-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coptic_Ro-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Ro-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coptic_Ro-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Ro-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coptic_Ro-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Ro-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Ro-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coptic_Ro-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Ro-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coptic_Ro-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Ro-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coptic_Ro-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Ro-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲣ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲣ</span></span> </th> <td>100 </td> <td><i>Ro</i></td> <td>Ρ, ρ</td> <td>R </td> <td colspan="4"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a>/</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Semma-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Coptic_Semma-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Semma-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Coptic_Semma-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Semma-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Coptic_Semma-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Semma-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Semma-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Coptic_Semma-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Semma-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Coptic_Semma-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Semma-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Coptic_Semma-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Semma-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲥ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲥ</span></span> </th> <td>200 </td> <td><i>Sima</i></td> <td>Σ, σ, ς</td> <td>S/C </td> <td colspan="4"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Tau-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Coptic_Tau-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Tau-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Coptic_Tau-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Tau-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Coptic_Tau-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Tau-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Tau-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coptic_Tau-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Tau-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coptic_Tau-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Tau-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coptic_Tau-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Tau-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲧ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲧ</span></span> </th> <td>300 </td> <td><i>Tau</i></td> <td>Τ, τ</td> <td>T/D </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>/</span><br />(final <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>]</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_He-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coptic_He-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_He-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coptic_He-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_He-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coptic_He-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_He-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_He-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Coptic_He-min.svg/43px-Coptic_He-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Coptic_He-min.svg/65px-Coptic_He-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Coptic_He-min.svg/86px-Coptic_He-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲩ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲩ</span></span> </th> <td>400 </td> <td><i>Ua</i></td> <td>Υ, υ</td> <td>U/V/Y </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲟⲩ</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲟⲩ</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> <small>(between "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲟ</span>" and another vowel except "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲱ</span>")</small>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span> <small>(after <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a>/</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲁ</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a>/</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲉ</span>))</small>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span> <small>(digraph "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲟⲩ</span>")</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Phi-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coptic_Phi-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Phi-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coptic_Phi-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Phi-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coptic_Phi-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Phi-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Phi-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Coptic_Phi-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Phi-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Coptic_Phi-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Phi-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Coptic_Phi-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Phi-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲫ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲫ</span></span> </th> <td>500 </td> <td><i>Fi</i></td> <td>Φ, φ</td> <td>F </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>/</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Khi-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Coptic_Khi-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Khi-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Coptic_Khi-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Khi-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Coptic_Khi-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Khi-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Khi-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coptic_Khi-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Khi-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coptic_Khi-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Khi-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coptic_Khi-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Khi-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲭ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲭ</span></span> </th> <td>600 </td> <td><i>Khi</i></td> <td>Χ, χ</td> <td>K/Sh/Kh </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span><br /> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> <small>(if the word is Coptic in origin)</small>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>/</span> <small>(if the word is Greek in origin)</small>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative">ç</a>/</span> <small>(if the word is Greek in origin but before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a>/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Pxi-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coptic_Pxi-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Pxi-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coptic_Pxi-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Pxi-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coptic_Pxi-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Pxi-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Pxi-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coptic_Pxi-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Pxi-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coptic_Pxi-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Pxi-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coptic_Pxi-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Pxi-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲯ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲯ</span></span> </th> <td>700 </td> <td><i>Psi</i></td> <td>Ψ, ψ</td> <td>PS </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">]</span><br /><small>(only in Greek loanwords)</small> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">]</span> <small>(usually following a consonant)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_O-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Coptic_O-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_O-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Coptic_O-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_O-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Coptic_O-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_O-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_O-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Coptic_O-min.svg/43px-Coptic_O-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Coptic_O-min.svg/65px-Coptic_O-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Coptic_O-min.svg/86px-Coptic_O-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⲱ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⲱ</span></span> </th> <td>800 </td> <td><i>Oou</i></td> <td>Ω, ω</td> <td>O/W </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞ː</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Sai-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coptic_Sai-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Sai-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coptic_Sai-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Sai-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coptic_Sai-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Sai-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Sai-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Coptic_Sai-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Sai-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Coptic_Sai-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Sai-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Coptic_Sai-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Sai-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϣ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ϣ</span></span> </th> <td>— </td> <td><i>Shei</i></td> <td>(none)</td> <td>Sh </td> <td colspan="4"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Fai-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Coptic_Fai-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Fai-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Coptic_Fai-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Fai-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Coptic_Fai-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Fai-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Fai-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coptic_Fai-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Fai-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coptic_Fai-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Fai-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coptic_Fai-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Fai-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϥ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ϥ</span></span> </th> <td>90 </td> <td><i>Fei</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CF%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϙ">ϙ</a><br />(numerical value)</td> <td>F </td> <td colspan="4"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Hai-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coptic_Hai-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Hai-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coptic_Hai-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Hai-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coptic_Hai-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Hai-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Hai-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coptic_Hai-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Hai-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coptic_Hai-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Hai-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coptic_Hai-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Hai-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϧ (Ⳉ)</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ϧ (ⳉ)</span></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>— </td> <td><i>Khei</i></td> <td>(none)</td> <td>Kh/Q </td> <td>NA </td> <td colspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Hori-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coptic_Hori-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Hori-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coptic_Hori-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Hori-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coptic_Hori-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Hori-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Hori-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Coptic_Hori-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Hori-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Coptic_Hori-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Hori-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Coptic_Hori-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Hori-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϩ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ϩ</span></span> </th> <td>— </td> <td><i>Hori</i></td> <td>(none)</td> <td>H </td> <td colspan="4"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Dandia-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Coptic_Dandia-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Dandia-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Coptic_Dandia-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Dandia-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Coptic_Dandia-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Dandia-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Dandia-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coptic_Dandia-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Dandia-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coptic_Dandia-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Dandia-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coptic_Dandia-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Dandia-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϫ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ϫ</span></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-cima_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cima-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>— </td> <td><i>Dandia</i></td> <td>(none)</td> <td>G/J </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>/</span> <small>(before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a>/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Cima-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Coptic_Cima-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Cima-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Coptic_Cima-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Cima-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Coptic_Cima-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Cima-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Cima-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Coptic_Cima-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Cima-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Coptic_Cima-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Cima-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Coptic_Cima-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Cima-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϭ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ϭ</span></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-cima_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cima-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>— </td> <td><i>Shima</i></td> <td>(none) </td> <td>C/Ch </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">kʲ</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">t͡ʃʰ</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">]</span> <small>(usually following a consonant)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Ti-maj.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coptic_Ti-maj.svg/43px-Coptic_Ti-maj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coptic_Ti-maj.svg/65px-Coptic_Ti-maj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coptic_Ti-maj.svg/86px-Coptic_Ti-maj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Ti-min.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Coptic_Ti-min.svg/43px-Coptic_Ti-min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Coptic_Ti-min.svg/65px-Coptic_Ti-min.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Coptic_Ti-min.svg/86px-Coptic_Ti-min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϯ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ϯ</span></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>— </td> <td><i>Dei</i></td> <td>(none)</td> <td>Ti </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span>i<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Sampi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coptic_Sampi.svg/44px-Coptic_Sampi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coptic_Sampi.svg/66px-Coptic_Sampi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coptic_Sampi.svg/88px-Coptic_Sampi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="52" /></a></span> </th> <th><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_Sampi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coptic_Sampi.svg/44px-Coptic_Sampi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coptic_Sampi.svg/66px-Coptic_Sampi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coptic_Sampi.svg/88px-Coptic_Sampi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="52" /></a></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ⳁ</span></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">ⳁ</span></span> </th> <td>900 </td> <td><i>Sampi</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sampi" title="Sampi">Ϡ,ϡ</a><br />(numerical value) </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="font-size:111%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">Ⲃ</span> seemed to have retained a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a>]</span> intervocalically in Late Coptic.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Akhmimic dialect uses the letter <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">Ⳉ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⳉ</span> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>/</span>. No name is recorded.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cima-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cima_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cima_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">Ϫ</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ϭ</span> seemed to have merged in Late Coptic into one phoneme, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span>, with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>]</span> intervocalically.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">When part of the digraph <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ϯⲉ</span>, it is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[de]</a></span> in <a href="/wiki/Bohairic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohairic">Bohairic</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letters_derived_from_Demotic">Letters derived from Demotic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Letters derived from Demotic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Old Coptic, there were a large number of <a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a> Egyptian characters, including some logograms. This was reduced to seven such characters, used for sounds not covered by the Greek alphabet (plus their modern lowercase forms): </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Hieroglyph </th> <th>  </th> <th>Hieratic </th> <th>  </th> <th>Demotic </th> <th>  </th> <th>Coptic </th> <th><small><abbr title="Transliteration">Translit.</abbr></small> </th> <th>Late Coptic <abbr title="Pronunciation">pron.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert mw-mirrored" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M8.png?bc894" height="19" title="M8 [SA]" alt="SA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>→</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hieratic_M8_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hieratic_M8_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/30px-Hieratic_M8_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hieratic_M8_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/45px-Hieratic_M8_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hieratic_M8_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/60px-Hieratic_M8_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 2x" data-file-width="79" data-file-height="110" /></a></span></td> <td>→</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Demotic-character-%C5%A1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Demotic-character-%C5%A1.png/21px-Demotic-character-%C5%A1.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Demotic-character-%C5%A1.png/31px-Demotic-character-%C5%A1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Demotic-character-%C5%A1.png/42px-Demotic-character-%C5%A1.png 2x" data-file-width="186" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td>→</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϣ</span></span></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">š</div></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert mw-mirrored" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_I9.png?fe540" height="12" title="I9 [f]" alt="f" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>→</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hieratic_I9_Takelothis_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hieratic_I9_Takelothis_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/80px-Hieratic_I9_Takelothis_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hieratic_I9_Takelothis_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/120px-Hieratic_I9_Takelothis_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Hieratic_I9_Takelothis_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></td> <td>→</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Demotic-character-f.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Demotic-character-f.png/14px-Demotic-character-f.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Demotic-character-f.png/22px-Demotic-character-f.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Demotic-character-f.png/29px-Demotic-character-f.png 2x" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td>→</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϥ</span></span></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">f</div></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert mw-mirrored" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M12.png?2f65f" height="38" title="M12" alt="M12" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>→</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hieratic_M12_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hieratic_M12_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/30px-Hieratic_M12_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hieratic_M12_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/45px-Hieratic_M12_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hieratic_M12_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/60px-Hieratic_M12_Prisse_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="129" /></a></span></td> <td>→</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Demotic-character-%E1%BA%96.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Demotic-character-%E1%BA%96.png/20px-Demotic-character-%E1%BA%96.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Demotic-character-%E1%BA%96.png/30px-Demotic-character-%E1%BA%96.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Demotic-character-%E1%BA%96.png/40px-Demotic-character-%E1%BA%96.png 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td>→</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϧ</span></span></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">x</div></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert mw-mirrored" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F18.png?3502e" height="11" title="F18" alt="F18" /><br /><img class="skin-invert mw-mirrored" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Y1.png?22c01" height="10" title="Y1" alt="Y1" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>→</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hieratic_Y1-ABK_Takelothis_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hieratic_Y1-ABK_Takelothis_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/30px-Hieratic_Y1-ABK_Takelothis_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hieratic_Y1-ABK_Takelothis_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/45px-Hieratic_Y1-ABK_Takelothis_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Hieratic_Y1-ABK_Takelothis_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 2x" data-file-width="55" data-file-height="42" /></a></span></td> <td>→</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Demotic-character-%E1%B8%A5-2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Demotic-character-%E1%B8%A5-2.png/11px-Demotic-character-%E1%B8%A5-2.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Demotic-character-%E1%B8%A5-2.png/17px-Demotic-character-%E1%B8%A5-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Demotic-character-%E1%B8%A5-2.png/23px-Demotic-character-%E1%B8%A5-2.png 2x" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td>→</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϩ</span></span></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">h</div></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert mw-mirrored" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U29.png?a1fb1" height="38" title="U29" alt="U29" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>→</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hieratic_U28_Golen_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hieratic_U28_Golen_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/30px-Hieratic_U28_Golen_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hieratic_U28_Golen_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/45px-Hieratic_U28_Golen_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hieratic_U28_Golen_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/60px-Hieratic_U28_Golen_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="93" /></a></span></td> <td>→</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8F-2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8F-2.png/20px-Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8F-2.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8F-2.png/30px-Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8F-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8F-2.png/40px-Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8F-2.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td>→</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϫ</span></span></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">j</div></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert mw-mirrored" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V31.png?70ebb" height="11" title="V31 [k]" alt="k" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>→</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hieratic_V31A_Elephantine_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hieratic_V31A_Elephantine_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/80px-Hieratic_V31A_Elephantine_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hieratic_V31A_Elephantine_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/120px-Hieratic_V31A_Elephantine_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hieratic_V31A_Elephantine_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/160px-Hieratic_V31A_Elephantine_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="52" /></a></span></td> <td>→</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Demotic-character-k.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Demotic-character-k.png/29px-Demotic-character-k.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Demotic-character-k.png/43px-Demotic-character-k.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Demotic-character-k.png/57px-Demotic-character-k.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td>→</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϭ</span></span></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">c</div></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert mw-mirrored" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D37.png?a39b3" height="12" title="D37" alt="D37" /><br /><img class="skin-invert mw-mirrored" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>→</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hieratic_D37_PRylands_2_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hieratic_D37_PRylands_2_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/40px-Hieratic_D37_PRylands_2_-_M%C3%B6ller.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hieratic_D37_PRylands_2_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/60px-Hieratic_D37_PRylands_2_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hieratic_D37_PRylands_2_-_M%C3%B6ller.png/80px-Hieratic_D37_PRylands_2_-_M%C3%B6ller.png 2x" data-file-width="86" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></td> <td>→</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8Fj.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8Fj.png/23px-Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8Fj.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8Fj.png/34px-Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8Fj.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8Fj.png/46px-Demotic-character-%E1%B8%8Fj.png 2x" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td>→</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:190%;">Ϯ</span></span></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">di</div></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coptic numerals are an <a href="/wiki/Alphabetic_numeral_system" title="Alphabetic numeral system">alphabetic numeral system</a> in which numbers are indicated with letters of the alphabet, such as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⲫ</span></span> for 500.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The numerical value of the letters is based on <a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a>. Sometimes numerical use is distinguished from text with a continuous <a href="/wiki/Overline" title="Overline">overline</a> above the letters, as with Greek and <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_numerals" title="Cyrillic numerals">Cyrillic numerals</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Greek_and_Coptic" title="Greek and Coptic">Greek and Coptic (Unicode block)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coptic_(Unicode_block)" title="Coptic (Unicode block)">Coptic (Unicode block)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Epact_Numbers" title="Coptic Epact Numbers">Coptic Epact Numbers (Unicode block)</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, most Coptic letters formerly shared codepoints with similar <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> letters, but a disunification was accepted for version 4.1, which appeared in 2005. The new Coptic block is U+2C80 to U+2CFF. Most <a href="/wiki/Fonts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fonts">fonts</a> contained in mainstream <a href="/wiki/Operating_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating systems">operating systems</a> use a distinctive Byzantine style for this block. The Greek block includes seven Coptic letters (U+03E2–U+03EF highlighted below) derived from Demotic, and these need to be included in any complete implementation of Coptic. </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines Unicode" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Greek_and_Coptic" title="Greek and Coptic">Greek and Coptic</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U0370_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U0370_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U0370_grey"><a href="#endnote_U0370_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+037x </td> <td title="U+0370: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER HETA"><a href="/wiki/%CD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ͱ">Ͱ</a> </td> <td title="U+0371: GREEK SMALL LETTER HETA"><a href="/wiki/%CD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ͱ">ͱ</a> </td> <td title="U+0372: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ARCHAIC SAMPI"><a href="/wiki/%CD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ͳ">Ͳ</a> </td> <td title="U+0373: GREEK SMALL LETTER ARCHAIC SAMPI"><a href="/wiki/%CD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ͳ">ͳ</a> </td> <td title="U+0374: GREEK NUMERAL SIGN"><a href="/wiki/%CA%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="ʹ">ʹ</a> </td> <td title="U+0375: GREEK LOWER NUMERAL SIGN"><a href="/wiki/%CD%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="͵">͵</a> </td> <td title="U+0376: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PAMPHYLIAN DIGAMMA"><a href="/wiki/%CD%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ͷ">Ͷ</a> </td> <td title="U+0377: GREEK SMALL LETTER PAMPHYLIAN DIGAMMA"><a href="/wiki/%CD%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ͷ">ͷ</a> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+037A: GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI"><a href="/wiki/%CD%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="ͺ">ͺ</a> </td> <td title="U+037B: GREEK SMALL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/Lunate_sigma" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunate sigma">ͻ</a> </td> <td title="U+037C: GREEK SMALL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/Lunate_sigma" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunate sigma">ͼ</a> </td> <td title="U+037D: GREEK SMALL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/Lunate_sigma" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunate sigma">ͽ</a> </td> <td title="U+037E: GREEK QUESTION MARK"><a href="/wiki/Question_mark#Greek_question_mark" title="Question mark">;</a> </td> <td title="U+037F: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER YOT"><a href="/wiki/%CD%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϳ">Ϳ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+038x </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+0384: GREEK TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%84" class="mw-redirect" title="΄">΄</a> </td> <td title="U+0385: GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="΅">΅</a> </td> <td title="U+0386: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Ά">Ά</a> </td> <td title="U+0387: GREEK ANO TELEIA"><a href="/wiki/%C2%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="·">·</a> </td> <td title="U+0388: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Έ">Έ</a> </td> <td title="U+0389: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="Ή">Ή</a> </td> <td title="U+038A: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ί">Ί</a> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+038C: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ό">Ό</a> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+038E: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ύ">Ύ</a> </td> <td title="U+038F: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ώ">Ώ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+039x </td> <td title="U+0390: GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%99%CC%88%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ϊ́ (page does not exist)">ΐ</a> </td> <td title="U+0391: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Α">Α</a> </td> <td title="U+0392: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Β">Β</a> </td> <td title="U+0393: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ">Γ</a> </td> <td title="U+0394: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ">Δ</a> </td> <td title="U+0395: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Ε">Ε</a> </td> <td title="U+0396: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ζ">Ζ</a> </td> <td title="U+0397: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Η">Η</a> </td> <td title="U+0398: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Θ">Θ</a> </td> <td title="U+0399: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Ι">Ι</a> </td> <td title="U+039A: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Κ">Κ</a> </td> <td title="U+039B: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Λ">Λ</a> </td> <td title="U+039C: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Μ">Μ</a> </td> <td title="U+039D: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Ν">Ν</a> </td> <td title="U+039E: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER XI"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ξ">Ξ</a> </td> <td title="U+039F: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ο">Ο</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+03Ax </td> <td title="U+03A0: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI"><a href="/wiki/Pi_(letter)" title="Pi (letter)">Π</a> </td> <td title="U+03A1: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ρ">Ρ</a> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+03A3: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Σ">Σ</a> </td> <td title="U+03A4: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Τ">Τ</a> </td> <td title="U+03A5: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Υ">Υ</a> </td> <td title="U+03A6: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Φ">Φ</a> </td> <td title="U+03A7: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER CHI"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Χ">Χ</a> </td> <td title="U+03A8: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PSI"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ψ">Ψ</a> </td> <td title="U+03A9: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ω">Ω</a> </td> <td title="U+03AA: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϊ">Ϊ</a> </td> <td title="U+03AB: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϋ">Ϋ</a> </td> <td title="U+03AC: GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Ά">ά</a> </td> <td title="U+03AD: GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Έ">έ</a> </td> <td title="U+03AE: GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="Ή">ή</a> </td> <td title="U+03AF: GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ί">ί</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+03Bx </td> <td title="U+03B0: GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CC%88%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ϋ́ (page does not exist)">ΰ</a> </td> <td title="U+03B1: GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Α">α</a> </td> <td title="U+03B2: GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Β">β</a> </td> <td title="U+03B3: GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ">γ</a> </td> <td title="U+03B4: GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ">δ</a> </td> <td title="U+03B5: GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Ε">ε</a> </td> <td title="U+03B6: GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ζ">ζ</a> </td> <td title="U+03B7: GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Η">η</a> </td> <td title="U+03B8: GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Θ">θ</a> </td> <td title="U+03B9: GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Ι">ι</a> </td> <td title="U+03BA: GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Κ">κ</a> </td> <td title="U+03BB: GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Λ">λ</a> </td> <td title="U+03BC: GREEK SMALL LETTER MU"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Μ">μ</a> </td> <td title="U+03BD: GREEK SMALL LETTER NU"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Ν">ν</a> </td> <td title="U+03BE: GREEK SMALL LETTER XI"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ξ">ξ</a> </td> <td title="U+03BF: GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ο">ο</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+03Cx </td> <td title="U+03C0: GREEK SMALL LETTER PI"><a href="/wiki/Pi_(letter)" title="Pi (letter)">π</a> </td> <td title="U+03C1: GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ρ">ρ</a> </td> <td title="U+03C2: GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Σ">ς</a> </td> <td title="U+03C3: GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Σ">σ</a> </td> <td title="U+03C4: GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Τ">τ</a> </td> <td title="U+03C5: GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Υ">υ</a> </td> <td title="U+03C6: GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Φ">φ</a> </td> <td title="U+03C7: GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Χ">χ</a> </td> <td title="U+03C8: GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ψ">ψ</a> </td> <td title="U+03C9: GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ω">ω</a> </td> <td title="U+03CA: GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϊ">ϊ</a> </td> <td title="U+03CB: GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA"><a href="/wiki/%CE%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϋ">ϋ</a> </td> <td title="U+03CC: GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ό">ό</a> </td> <td title="U+03CD: GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ύ">ύ</a> </td> <td title="U+03CE: GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ώ">ώ</a> </td> <td title="U+03CF: GREEK CAPITAL KAI SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CF%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϗ">Ϗ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+03Dx </td> <td title="U+03D0: GREEK BETA SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Β">ϐ</a> </td> <td title="U+03D1: GREEK THETA SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Θ">ϑ</a> </td> <td title="U+03D2: GREEK UPSILON WITH HOOK SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="ϒ">ϒ</a> </td> <td title="U+03D3: GREEK UPSILON WITH ACUTE AND HOOK SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CF%93" class="mw-redirect" title="ϓ">ϓ</a> </td> <td title="U+03D4: GREEK UPSILON WITH DIAERESIS AND HOOK SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CF%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ϔ">ϔ</a> </td> <td title="U+03D5: GREEK PHI SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Φ">ϕ</a> </td> <td title="U+03D6: GREEK PI SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/Pi_(letter)" title="Pi (letter)">ϖ</a> </td> <td title="U+03D7: GREEK KAI SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/Kai_(conjunction)" title="Kai (conjunction)">ϗ</a> </td> <td title="U+03D8: GREEK LETTER ARCHAIC KOPPA"><a href="/wiki/%CF%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϙ">Ϙ</a> </td> <td title="U+03D9: GREEK SMALL LETTER ARCHAIC KOPPA"><a href="/wiki/%CF%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϙ">ϙ</a> </td> <td title="U+03DA: GREEK LETTER STIGMA"><a href="/wiki/%CF%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϛ">Ϛ</a> </td> <td title="U+03DB: GREEK SMALL LETTER STIGMA"><a href="/wiki/%CF%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϛ">ϛ</a> </td> <td title="U+03DC: GREEK LETTER DIGAMMA"><a href="/wiki/%CF%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϝ">Ϝ</a> </td> <td title="U+03DD: GREEK SMALL LETTER DIGAMMA"><a href="/wiki/%CF%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϝ">ϝ</a> </td> <td title="U+03DE: GREEK LETTER KOPPA"><a href="/wiki/%CF%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϟ">Ϟ</a> </td> <td title="U+03DF: GREEK SMALL LETTER KOPPA"><a href="/wiki/%CF%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϟ">ϟ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+03Ex </td> <td title="U+03E0: GREEK LETTER SAMPI"><a href="/wiki/%CF%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϡ">Ϡ</a> </td> <td title="U+03E1: GREEK SMALL LETTER SAMPI"><a href="/wiki/%CF%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϡ">ϡ</a> </td> <td title="U+03E2: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHEI" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϣ">Ϣ</a> </td> <td title="U+03E3: COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHEI" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϣ">ϣ</a> </td> <td title="U+03E4: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FEI" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϥ">Ϥ</a> </td> <td title="U+03E5: COPTIC SMALL LETTER FEI" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϥ">ϥ</a> </td> <td title="U+03E6: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHEI" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϧ">Ϧ</a> </td> <td title="U+03E7: COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHEI" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϧ">ϧ</a> </td> <td title="U+03E8: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HORI" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϩ">Ϩ</a> </td> <td title="U+03E9: COPTIC SMALL LETTER HORI" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϩ">ϩ</a> </td> <td title="U+03EA: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GANGIA" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϫ">Ϫ</a> </td> <td title="U+03EB: COPTIC SMALL LETTER GANGIA" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϫ">ϫ</a> </td> <td title="U+03EC: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHIMA" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϭ">Ϭ</a> </td> <td title="U+03ED: COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHIMA" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϭ">ϭ</a> </td> <td title="U+03EE: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DEI" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϯ">Ϯ</a> </td> <td title="U+03EF: COPTIC SMALL LETTER DEI" style="background:#CCFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/%CF%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϯ">ϯ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+03Fx </td> <td title="U+03F0: GREEK KAPPA SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Κ">ϰ</a> </td> <td title="U+03F1: GREEK RHO SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ρ">ϱ</a> </td> <td title="U+03F2: GREEK LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CF%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϲ">ϲ</a> </td> <td title="U+03F3: GREEK LETTER YOT"><a href="/wiki/%CD%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϳ">ϳ</a> </td> <td title="U+03F4: GREEK CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CF%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ϴ">ϴ</a> </td> <td title="U+03F5: GREEK LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Ε">ϵ</a> </td> <td title="U+03F6: GREEK REVERSED LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CF%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="϶">϶</a> </td> <td title="U+03F7: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SHO"><a href="/wiki/%CF%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϸ">Ϸ</a> </td> <td title="U+03F8: GREEK SMALL LETTER SHO"><a href="/wiki/%CF%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϸ">ϸ</a> </td> <td title="U+03F9: GREEK CAPITAL LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CF%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϲ">Ϲ</a> </td> <td title="U+03FA: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SAN"><a href="/wiki/%CF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϻ">Ϻ</a> </td> <td title="U+03FB: GREEK SMALL LETTER SAN"><a href="/wiki/%CF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϻ">ϻ</a> </td> <td title="U+03FC: GREEK RHO WITH STROKE SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CF%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="ϼ">ϼ</a> </td> <td title="U+03FD: GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CF%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Ͻ">Ͻ</a> </td> <td title="U+03FE: GREEK CAPITAL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CF%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ͼ">Ͼ</a> </td> <td title="U+03FF: GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL"><a href="/wiki/%CF%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Ͽ">Ͽ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U0370_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U0370_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U0370_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U0370_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Coptic_(Unicode_block)" title="Coptic (Unicode block)">Coptic</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U2C80_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U2C80_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U2C80_grey"><a href="#endnote_U2C80_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2C80.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'New Athena Unicode', 'MPH 2B Damase', 'Arial Coptic', Quivira, Analecta, Antinoou, 'Noto Sans Coptic';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;font-family:sans-serif">U+2C8x </td> <td title="U+2C80: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ALFA">Ⲁ </td> <td title="U+2C81: COPTIC SMALL LETTER ALFA">ⲁ </td> <td title="U+2C82: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER VIDA">Ⲃ </td> <td title="U+2C83: COPTIC SMALL LETTER VIDA">ⲃ </td> <td title="U+2C84: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA">Ⲅ </td> <td title="U+2C85: COPTIC SMALL LETTER GAMMA">ⲅ </td> <td title="U+2C86: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DALDA">Ⲇ </td> <td title="U+2C87: COPTIC SMALL LETTER DALDA">ⲇ </td> <td title="U+2C88: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER EIE">Ⲉ </td> <td title="U+2C89: COPTIC SMALL LETTER EIE">ⲉ </td> <td title="U+2C8A: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SOU">Ⲋ </td> <td title="U+2C8B: COPTIC SMALL LETTER SOU">ⲋ </td> <td title="U+2C8C: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ZATA">Ⲍ </td> <td title="U+2C8D: COPTIC SMALL LETTER ZATA">ⲍ </td> <td title="U+2C8E: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HATE">Ⲏ </td> <td title="U+2C8F: COPTIC SMALL LETTER HATE">ⲏ </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'New Athena Unicode', 'MPH 2B Damase', 'Arial Coptic', Quivira, Analecta, Antinoou, 'Noto Sans Coptic';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;font-family:sans-serif">U+2C9x </td> <td title="U+2C90: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER THETHE">Ⲑ </td> <td title="U+2C91: COPTIC SMALL LETTER THETHE">ⲑ </td> <td title="U+2C92: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER IAUDA">Ⲓ </td> <td title="U+2C93: COPTIC SMALL LETTER IAUDA">ⲓ </td> <td title="U+2C94: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KAPA">Ⲕ </td> <td title="U+2C95: COPTIC SMALL LETTER KAPA">ⲕ </td> <td title="U+2C96: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER LAULA">Ⲗ </td> <td title="U+2C97: COPTIC SMALL LETTER LAULA">ⲗ </td> <td title="U+2C98: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER MI">Ⲙ </td> <td title="U+2C99: COPTIC SMALL LETTER MI">ⲙ </td> <td title="U+2C9A: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER NI">Ⲛ </td> <td title="U+2C9B: COPTIC SMALL LETTER NI">ⲛ </td> <td title="U+2C9C: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI">Ⲝ </td> <td title="U+2C9D: COPTIC SMALL LETTER KSI">ⲝ </td> <td title="U+2C9E: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER O">Ⲟ </td> <td title="U+2C9F: COPTIC SMALL LETTER O">ⲟ </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'New Athena Unicode', 'MPH 2B Damase', 'Arial Coptic', Quivira, Analecta, Antinoou, 'Noto Sans Coptic';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;font-family:sans-serif">U+2CAx </td> <td title="U+2CA0: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PI">Ⲡ </td> <td title="U+2CA1: COPTIC SMALL LETTER PI">ⲡ </td> <td title="U+2CA2: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER RO">Ⲣ </td> <td title="U+2CA3: COPTIC SMALL LETTER RO">ⲣ </td> <td title="U+2CA4: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SIMA">Ⲥ </td> <td title="U+2CA5: COPTIC SMALL LETTER SIMA">ⲥ </td> <td title="U+2CA6: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER TAU">Ⲧ </td> <td title="U+2CA7: COPTIC SMALL LETTER TAU">ⲧ </td> <td title="U+2CA8: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER UA">Ⲩ </td> <td title="U+2CA9: COPTIC SMALL LETTER UA">ⲩ </td> <td title="U+2CAA: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FI">Ⲫ </td> <td title="U+2CAB: COPTIC SMALL LETTER FI">ⲫ </td> <td title="U+2CAC: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHI">Ⲭ </td> <td title="U+2CAD: COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHI">ⲭ </td> <td title="U+2CAE: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI">Ⲯ </td> <td title="U+2CAF: COPTIC SMALL LETTER PSI">ⲯ </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'New Athena Unicode', 'MPH 2B Damase', 'Arial Coptic', Quivira, Analecta, Antinoou, 'Noto Sans Coptic';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;font-family:sans-serif">U+2CBx </td> <td title="U+2CB0: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OOU">Ⲱ </td> <td title="U+2CB1: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OOU">ⲱ </td> <td title="U+2CB2: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF">Ⲳ </td> <td title="U+2CB3: COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF">ⲳ </td> <td title="U+2CB4: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN">Ⲵ </td> <td title="U+2CB5: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN">ⲵ </td> <td title="U+2CB6: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE">Ⲷ </td> <td title="U+2CB7: COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE">ⲷ </td> <td title="U+2CB8: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA">Ⲹ </td> <td title="U+2CB9: COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA">ⲹ </td> <td title="U+2CBA: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P NI">Ⲻ </td> <td title="U+2CBB: COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P NI">ⲻ </td> <td title="U+2CBC: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI">Ⲽ </td> <td title="U+2CBD: COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI">ⲽ </td> <td title="U+2CBE: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU">Ⲿ </td> <td title="U+2CBF: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU">ⲿ </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'New Athena Unicode', 'MPH 2B Damase', 'Arial Coptic', Quivira, Analecta, Antinoou, 'Noto Sans Coptic';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;font-family:sans-serif">U+2CCx </td> <td title="U+2CC0: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SAMPI">Ⳁ </td> <td title="U+2CC1: COPTIC SMALL LETTER SAMPI">ⳁ </td> <td title="U+2CC2: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED SHEI">Ⳃ </td> <td title="U+2CC3: COPTIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED SHEI">ⳃ </td> <td title="U+2CC4: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI">Ⳅ </td> <td title="U+2CC5: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI">ⳅ </td> <td title="U+2CC6: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH">Ⳇ </td> <td title="U+2CC7: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH">ⳇ </td> <td title="U+2CC8: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI">Ⳉ </td> <td title="U+2CC9: COPTIC SMALL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI">ⳉ </td> <td title="U+2CCA: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI">Ⳋ </td> <td title="U+2CCB: COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI">ⳋ </td> <td title="U+2CCC: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI">Ⳍ </td> <td title="U+2CCD: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI">ⳍ </td> <td title="U+2CCE: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA">Ⳏ </td> <td title="U+2CCF: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA">ⳏ </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'New Athena Unicode', 'MPH 2B Damase', 'Arial Coptic', Quivira, Analecta, Antinoou, 'Noto Sans Coptic';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;font-family:sans-serif">U+2CDx </td> <td title="U+2CD0: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER L-SHAPED HA">Ⳑ </td> <td title="U+2CD1: COPTIC SMALL LETTER L-SHAPED HA">ⳑ </td> <td title="U+2CD2: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI">Ⳓ </td> <td title="U+2CD3: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI">ⳓ </td> <td title="U+2CD4: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT">Ⳕ </td> <td title="U+2CD5: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT">ⳕ </td> <td title="U+2CD6: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA">Ⳗ </td> <td title="U+2CD7: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA">ⳗ </td> <td title="U+2CD8: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA">Ⳙ </td> <td title="U+2CD9: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA">ⳙ </td> <td title="U+2CDA: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA">Ⳛ </td> <td title="U+2CDB: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA">ⳛ </td> <td title="U+2CDC: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA">Ⳝ </td> <td title="U+2CDD: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA">ⳝ </td> <td title="U+2CDE: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI">Ⳟ </td> <td title="U+2CDF: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI">ⳟ </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'New Athena Unicode', 'MPH 2B Damase', 'Arial Coptic', Quivira, Analecta, Antinoou, 'Noto Sans Coptic';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;font-family:sans-serif">U+2CEx </td> <td title="U+2CE0: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI">Ⳡ </td> <td title="U+2CE1: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI">ⳡ </td> <td title="U+2CE2: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU">Ⳣ </td> <td title="U+2CE3: COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU">ⳣ </td> <td title="U+2CE4: COPTIC SYMBOL KAI">ⳤ </td> <td title="U+2CE5: COPTIC SYMBOL MI RO">⳥ </td> <td title="U+2CE6: COPTIC SYMBOL PI RO">⳦ </td> <td title="U+2CE7: COPTIC SYMBOL STAUROS">⳧ </td> <td title="U+2CE8: COPTIC SYMBOL TAU RO">⳨ </td> <td title="U+2CE9: COPTIC SYMBOL KHI RO">⳩ </td> <td title="U+2CEA: COPTIC SYMBOL SHIMA SIMA">⳪ </td> <td title="U+2CEB: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI">Ⳬ </td> <td title="U+2CEC: COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI">ⳬ </td> <td title="U+2CED: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA">Ⳮ </td> <td title="U+2CEE: COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA">ⳮ </td> <td title="U+2CEF: COPTIC COMBINING NI ABOVE">⳯ </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'New Athena Unicode', 'MPH 2B Damase', 'Arial Coptic', Quivira, Analecta, Antinoou, 'Noto Sans Coptic';"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;font-family:sans-serif">U+2CFx </td> <td title="U+2CF0: COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS ASPER">⳰ </td> <td title="U+2CF1: COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS LENIS">⳱ </td> <td title="U+2CF2: COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI">Ⳳ </td> <td title="U+2CF3: COPTIC SMALL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI">ⳳ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+2CF9: COPTIC OLD NUBIAN FULL STOP">⳹ </td> <td title="U+2CFA: COPTIC OLD NUBIAN DIRECT QUESTION MARK">⳺ </td> <td title="U+2CFB: COPTIC OLD NUBIAN INDIRECT QUESTION MARK">⳻ </td> <td title="U+2CFC: COPTIC OLD NUBIAN VERSE DIVIDER">⳼ </td> <td title="U+2CFD: COPTIC FRACTION ONE HALF">⳽ </td> <td title="U+2CFE: COPTIC FULL STOP">⳾ </td> <td title="U+2CFF: COPTIC MORPHOLOGICAL DIVIDER">⳿ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U2C80_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U2C80_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U2C80_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U2C80_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Epact_Numbers" title="Coptic Epact Numbers">Coptic Epact Numbers</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U102E0_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U102E0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U102E0_grey"><a href="#endnote_U102E0_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U102E0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+102Ex </td> <td title="U+102E0: COPTIC EPACT THOUSANDS MARK"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋠</span> </td> <td title="U+102E1: COPTIC EPACT DIGIT ONE"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋡</span> </td> <td title="U+102E2: COPTIC EPACT DIGIT TWO"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋢</span> </td> <td title="U+102E3: COPTIC EPACT DIGIT THREE"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋣</span> </td> <td title="U+102E4: COPTIC EPACT DIGIT FOUR"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋤</span> </td> <td title="U+102E5: COPTIC EPACT DIGIT FIVE"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋥</span> </td> <td title="U+102E6: COPTIC EPACT DIGIT SIX"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋦</span> </td> <td title="U+102E7: COPTIC EPACT DIGIT SEVEN"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋧</span> </td> <td title="U+102E8: COPTIC EPACT DIGIT EIGHT"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋨</span> </td> <td title="U+102E9: COPTIC EPACT DIGIT NINE"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋩</span> </td> <td title="U+102EA: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER TEN"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋪</span> </td> <td title="U+102EB: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER TWENTY"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋫</span> </td> <td title="U+102EC: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER THIRTY"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋬</span> </td> <td title="U+102ED: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER FORTY"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋭</span> </td> <td title="U+102EE: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER FIFTY"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋮</span> </td> <td title="U+102EF: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER SIXTY"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋯</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+102Fx </td> <td title="U+102F0: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER SEVENTY"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋰</span> </td> <td title="U+102F1: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER EIGHTY"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋱</span> </td> <td title="U+102F2: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER NINETY"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋲</span> </td> <td title="U+102F3: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER ONE HUNDRED"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋳</span> </td> <td title="U+102F4: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER TWO HUNDRED"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋴</span> </td> <td title="U+102F5: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER THREE HUNDRED"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋵</span> </td> <td title="U+102F6: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋶</span> </td> <td title="U+102F7: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋷</span> </td> <td title="U+102F8: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER SIX HUNDRED"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋸</span> </td> <td title="U+102F9: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋹</span> </td> <td title="U+102FA: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋺</span> </td> <td title="U+102FB: COPTIC EPACT NUMBER NINE HUNDRED"><span style="font-family:Noto Sans Symbols2;">𐋻</span> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U102E0_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U102E0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U102E0_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U102E0_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diacritics_and_punctuation">Diacritics and punctuation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Diacritics and punctuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are also included in the Unicode specification. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punctuation">Punctuation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Punctuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Latin alphabet punctuation (comma, period, question mark, semicolon, colon, hyphen) uses the regular Unicode codepoints for punctuation</li> <li>Dicolon: standard colon U+003A</li> <li>Middle dot: U+00B7</li> <li>En dash: U+2013</li> <li>Em dash: U+2014</li> <li>Slanted double hyphen: U+2E17</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combining_diacritics">Combining diacritics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Combining diacritics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are codepoints applied after that of the character they modify. </p> <ul><li>Combining overstroke: U+0305 (= supralinear stroke)</li> <li>Combining character-joining overstroke (from middle of one character to middle of the next): U+035E</li> <li>Combining dot under a letter: U+0323</li> <li>Combining dot over a letter: U+0307</li> <li>Combining acute accent: U+0301</li> <li>Combining grave accent: U+0300</li> <li>Combining circumflex accent (caret shaped): U+0302</li> <li>Combining circumflex (curved shape) or inverted breve above: U+0311</li> <li>Combining circumflex as wide inverted breve above joining two letters: U+0361</li> <li>Combining diaeresis: U+0308</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macrons_and_overlines">Macrons and overlines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Macrons and overlines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coptic uses <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0304</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">◌̄</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING MACRON</span> to indicate <a href="/wiki/Syllabic_consonant" title="Syllabic consonant">syllabic consonants</a>, for example <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⲛ̄</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-N3222R_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3222R-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coptic abbreviations use <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0305</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">◌̅</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING OVERLINE</span> to draw a continuous line across the remaining letters of an abbreviated word.<sup id="cite_ref-N3222R_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3222R-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-G24556_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G24556-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It extends from the left edge of the first letter to the right edge of the last letter. For example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⲡ̅ⲛ̅ⲁ̅</span></span>, a common abbreviation for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ</span></span> 'spirit'. </p><p>A different kind of overline uses <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE24</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">◌︤</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING MACRON LEFT HALF</span>, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE26</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">◌︦</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING CONJOINING MACRON</span>, and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE25</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">◌︥</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING MACRON RIGHT HALF</span> to distinguish the spelling of certain common words or to highlight proper names of divinities and heroes.<sup id="cite_ref-N3222R_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3222R-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-G24556_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G24556-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this the line begins in the middle of the first letter and continues to the middle of the last letter. A few examples: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⲣ︤ⲙ︥</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:150%;">ϥ︤ⲛ︦ⲧ︥</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⲡ︤ϩ︦ⲣ︦ⲃ︥</span></span>. </p><p>Sometimes numerical use of letters is indicated with a continuous line above them using <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0305</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">◌̅</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING OVERLINE</span> as in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⲁ͵ⲱ̅ⲡ̅ⲏ̅</span></span> for 1,888 (where "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⲁ͵</span></span>" is 1,000 and "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⲱ̅ⲡ̅ⲏ̅</span></span>" is 888). Multiples of 1,000 can be indicated by a continuous double line above using <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+033F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">◌̿</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING DOUBLE OVERLINE</span> as in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic"><span style="font-size:150%;">ⲁ̿</span></span> for 1,000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_pronunciation_reform" title="Coptic pronunciation reform">Coptic pronunciation reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Coptic_Studies" title="Institute of Coptic Studies">Institute of Coptic Studies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/linguistics/text/2095533">Coptic alphabet</a>/Great Russian Encyclopedia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D&B-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-D&B_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D&B_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ritner, Robert Kriech. 1996. "The Coptic Alphabet". In <i>The World's Writing Systems</i>, edited by Peter T. Daniels and William Bright. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 1994:287–290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, George L. "Coptic." Compendium of the World's Writing Systems. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Biddles LTD, 1991. 415.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientscripts.com/coptic.html">"Coptic"</a>. <i>Ancient Scripts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ancient+Scripts&rft.atitle=Coptic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientscripts.com%2Fcoptic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoptic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEversonMansour2002" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael; Mansour, Kamal (2002-05-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02205-n2444-coptic.pdf">"L2/02-205 N2444: Coptic supplementation in the BMP"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F02-205+N2444%3A+Coptic+supplementation+in+the+BMP&rft.date=2002-05-08&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Mansour%2C+Kamal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2002%2F02205-n2444-coptic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoptic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example: The composer's name "Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich" is Дмитрий Дмитриевич Шостакович in Cyrillic, and Ⲇⲙⲏⲧⲣⲓⲓ Ⲇⲙⲏⲧⲣⲓⲉⲃⲓϭ Ϣⲟⲥⲧⲁⲕⲟⲃⲓϭ in Coptic.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference/0000-0FFF">https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference/0000-0FFF</a>, <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference/2000-2FFF">https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference/2000-2FFF</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peust_1999-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peust_1999_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peust_1999_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peust (1999)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://copticsounds.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/thepronunciationofcopticinthechurchofegypt.pdf">Before the Greco-Bohairic reforms of the mid 19th century.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.suscopts.org/deacons/coptic/FT-Coptic%20Language-Lectures.pdf">"The Coptic Language"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coptic+Orthodox+Diocese+of+the+Southern+United+States&rft.atitle=The+Coptic+Language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suscopts.org%2Fdeacons%2Fcoptic%2FFT-Coptic%2520Language-Lectures.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoptic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode9.0.0/ch07.pdf#G20251">"Section 7.3: Coptic, Numerical Use of Letters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Unicode Standard</i>. The Unicode Consortium. July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Standard&rft.atitle=Section+7.3%3A+Coptic%2C+Numerical+Use+of+Letters&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode9.0.0%2Fch07.pdf%23G20251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoptic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04130-n2744-coptic.pdf">"Revision of the Coptic block under ballot for the BMP of the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. 2004-04-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revision+of+the+Coptic+block+under+ballot+for+the+BMP+of+the+UCS&rft.pub=ISO%2FIEC+JTC1%2FSC2%2FWG2&rft.date=2004-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2004%2F04130-n2744-coptic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoptic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3222R-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N3222R_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3222R_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3222R_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEversonEmmelMarjanenDunderberg2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Everson, Michael</a>; Emmel, Stephen; Marjanen, Antti; Dunderberg, Ismo; Baines, John; Pedro, Susana; Emiliano, António (2007-05-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07085r-n3222r-coptic-adds.pdf">"N3222R: Proposal to add additional characters for Coptic and Latin to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N3222R%3A+Proposal+to+add+additional+characters+for+Coptic+and+Latin+to+the+UCS&rft.pub=ISO%2FIEC+JTC1%2FSC2%2FWG2&rft.date=2007-05-12&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Emmel%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Marjanen%2C+Antti&rft.au=Dunderberg%2C+Ismo&rft.au=Baines%2C+John&rft.au=Pedro%2C+Susana&rft.au=Emiliano%2C+Ant%C3%B3nio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2007%2F07085r-n3222r-coptic-adds.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoptic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G24556-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G24556_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G24556_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/ch07.pdf#G24556">"Section 7.3: Coptic, Supralineation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Unicode Standard</i>. The Unicode Consortium. July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Standard&rft.atitle=Section+7.3%3A+Coptic%2C+Supralineation&rft.date=2017-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode10.0.0%2Fch07.pdf%23G24556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoptic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Quaegebeur, Jan. 1982. "De la préhistoire de l'écriture copte." <i>Orientalia lovaniensia analecta</i> 13:125–136.</li> <li>Kasser, Rodolphe. 1991. "Alphabet in Coptic, Greek". In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Coptic_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Coptic Encyclopedia">The Coptic Encyclopedia</a></i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Aziz_S._Atiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Aziz S. Atiya">Aziz S. Atiya</a>. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, Volume 8. 30–32.</li> <li>Kasser, Rodolphe. 1991. "Alphabets, Coptic". In <i>The Coptic Encyclopedia</i>, edited by Aziz S. Atiya. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, Volume 8. 32–41.</li> <li>Kasser, Rodolphe. 1991. "Alphabets, Old Coptic". In <i>The Coptic Encyclopedia</i>, edited by Aziz S. Atiya. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, Volume 8. 41–45.</li> <li>Wolfgang Kosack: <i>Koptisches Handlexikon des Bohairischen.</i> Koptisch – Deutsch – Arabisch. Verlag Christoph Brunner, Basel 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-9524018-9-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-9524018-9-7">978-3-9524018-9-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_script&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coptic_script" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Coptic script">Coptic script</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Michael Everson</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n2636.pdf">Revised proposal to add the Coptic alphabet to the BMP of the UCS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11062r-coptic-epact.pdf">Final Proposal to Encode Coptic Epact Numbers in ISO/IEC 1064</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://copticsounds.wordpress.com/">Copticsounds – a resource for the study of Coptic phonology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031614/http://yearsandmiles.com/articles/coptic-alphabet.htm">Phonological overview of the Coptic alphabet in comparison to classical and modern Greek.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucbclassics.dreamhosters.com/djm/coptic.html">Coptic Unicode input</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Michael Everson</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.evertype.com/fonts/coptic/"><i>Antinoou</i>: A standard font for Coptic</a> supported by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201011732/http://rmcisadu.let.uniroma1.it/~iacs/">International Association for Coptic Studies</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifao.egnet.net/">Ifao N Copte</a> – A professional Coptic font for researchers, students and publishers has been developed by the French institute of oriental archeology (IFAO). Unicode, Mac and Windows compatible, this free font is available through downloading from the IFAO website (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifao.egnet.net/publications/outils/polices/">direct link</a>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100408075557/http://www.typographies.fr/">Coptic fonts</a>; Coptic fonts made by Laurent Bourcellier & Jonathan Perez, type designers</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/pisakho/Home"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1107333977"><span class="script-coptic">ⲡⲓⲥⲁϧⲟ</span></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308023606/http://sites.google.com/site/pisakho/Home">Archived</a> 2021-03-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: Coptic <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/pisakho/fonts">font support</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125002154/http://sites.google.com/site/pisakho/fonts">Archived</a> 2021-01-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – how to install, use and manipulate Coptic ASCII and Unicode fonts</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://st-takla.org/Download-Software-Free/Coptic_Downloads_Ta7mil___Christian_&_Coptic_Free-Fonts_01.html">Download Free Coptic Fonts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/coptic.htm">The Coptic Alphabet</a> (omniglot.com)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/freefont/">GNU FreeFont</a> Coptic range in serif face</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" 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