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<div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地域文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地域文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-東亞書法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#東亞書法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>東亞書法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-東亞書法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-蒙古書法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#蒙古書法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>蒙古書法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-蒙古書法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-南亞書法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南亞書法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>南亞書法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-南亞書法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-尼泊爾書法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#尼泊爾書法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>尼泊爾書法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-尼泊爾書法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-泰國書法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#泰國書法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>泰國書法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-泰國書法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-藏字書法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#藏字書法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>藏字書法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-藏字書法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西洋（希臘、拉丁）書法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西洋（希臘、拉丁）書法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>西洋（希臘、拉丁）書法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西洋（希臘、拉丁）書法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-伊斯兰书法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#伊斯兰书法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>伊斯兰书法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-伊斯兰书法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-瑪雅书法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#瑪雅书法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>瑪雅书法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-瑪雅书法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-現代應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>現代應用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現代應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-圖集" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#圖集"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>圖集</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-圖集-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>相關</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">书法</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。112种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafie" title="Kalligrafie – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kalligrafie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafie" title="Kalligrafie – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kalligrafie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligraf%C3%ADa" title="Caligrafía – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Caligrafía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="فن الخط – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فن الخط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B7" title="خطاط – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خطاط" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%80" title="কেলিগ্ৰাফী – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কেলিগ্ৰাফী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligraf%C3%ADa" title="Caligrafía – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Caligrafía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C9%99ttatl%C4%B1q" title="Xəttatlıq – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xəttatlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Каллиграфия – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Каллиграфия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligraphie" title="Kalligraphie – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kalligraphie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligraf%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Kaligrafėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kaligrafėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каліграфія – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каліграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каліграфія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каліграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калиграфия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калиграфия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="চারুলিপি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চারুলিপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaerskriverezh" title="Kaerskriverezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kaerskriverezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafija" title="Kaligrafija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kaligrafija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Уран бэшэлгэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уран бэшэлгэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C2%B7ligrafia" title="Cal·ligrafia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cal·ligrafia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Каллиграфи – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Каллиграфи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="خۆشنووسی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خۆشنووسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Csn%C3%BChat" title="Üsnühat – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Üsnühat" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafie" title="Kaligrafie – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kaligrafie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafi%C3%B4" title="Kaligrafiô – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kaligrafiô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceinlythrennu" title="Ceinlythrennu – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ceinlythrennu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafi" title="Kalligrafi – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kalligrafi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Calligraphy" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafie" title="Kalligrafie – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalligrafie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Καλλιγραφία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλλιγραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Calligraphy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafio" title="Kaligrafio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaligrafio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligraf%C3%ADa" title="Caligrafía – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caligrafía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligraafia" title="Kalligraafia – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kalligraafia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafia" title="Kaligrafia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaligrafia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="خوشنویسی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خوشنویسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafia" title="Kalligrafia – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalligrafia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphie" title="Calligraphie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calligraphie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafy" title="Kalligrafy – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kalligrafy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callagrafa%C3%ADocht" title="Callagrafaíocht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Callagrafaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligraf%C3%ADa" title="Caligrafía – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caligrafía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="קליגרפיה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קליגרפיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="अक्षरांकन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अक्षरांकन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Calligraphy" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasopis" title="Krasopis – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krasopis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligr%C3%A1fia" title="Kalligráfia – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kalligráfia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Վայելչագրություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վայելչագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafi" title="Kaligrafi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaligrafi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrapia" title="Kaligrapia – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kaligrapia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrautskrift" title="Skrautskrift – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skrautskrift" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligrafia" title="Calligrafia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calligrafia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8_(%E9%80%A0%E5%BD%A2%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93)" title="書 (造形芸術) – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="書 (造形芸術)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafi" title="Kaligrafi – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaligrafi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კალიგრაფია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალიგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafiya" title="Kalligrafiya – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kalligrafiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Каллиграфия – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Каллиграфия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%88_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF(%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BF)" title="ಕೈ ಬರಹದ ಸುಂದರ ಶೈಲಿ(ಕ್ಯಾಲಿಗ್ರಫಿ) – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೈ ಬರಹದ ಸುಂದರ ಶೈಲಿ(ಕ್ಯಾಲಿಗ್ರಫಿ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%8F%84_(%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0)" title="서도 (예술) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서도 (예술)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xwe%C5%9Fniv%C3%AEs%C3%AE" title="Xweşnivîsî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xweşnivîsî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafieth" title="Kalligrafieth – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kalligrafieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Каллиграфия – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Каллиграфия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphia" title="Calligraphia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Calligraphia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafija" title="Kaligrafija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaligrafija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligr%C4%81fija" title="Kaligrāfija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaligrāfija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafi" title="Kaligrafi – 马都拉语" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kaligrafi" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="马都拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafi" title="Kaligrafi – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kaligrafi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Калиграфија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Калиграфија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF" title="കലിഗ്രഫി – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കലിഗ്രഫി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Уран бичлэг – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уран бичлэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_khat" title="Seni khat – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seni khat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE" title="လက်ရေးလှ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လက်ရေးလှ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%90%D8%B4_%D9%86%D9%90%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="خِش نِویسی – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خِش نِویسی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafie" title="Kalligrafie – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kalligrafie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafie" title="Kalligrafie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalligrafie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafi" title="Kalligrafi – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kalligrafi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafi" title="Kalligrafi – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kalligrafi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligrafia" title="Calligrafia – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Calligrafia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%80" title="ਕੈਲੀਗ੍ਰਾਫੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਲੀਗ੍ਰਾਫੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafia" title="Kaligrafia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaligrafia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C" title="خطاطی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خطاطی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8D_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" title="د خطاطۍ هنر – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د خطاطۍ هنر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligrafia" title="Caligrafia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caligrafia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligrafie" title="Caligrafie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caligrafie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Каллиграфия – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каллиграфия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D2%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каліґрафія – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Каліґрафія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A" title="خطاطي – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خطاطي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafija" title="Kaligrafija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kaligrafija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Calligraphy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafia" title="Kaligrafia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kaligrafia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafija" title="Kaligrafija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kaligrafija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tararunako" title="Tararunako – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tararunako" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukurshkrimi" title="Bukurshkrimi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bukurshkrimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafija" title="Kaligrafija – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kaligrafija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafi" title="Kaligrafi – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kaligrafi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafi" title="Kalligrafi – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kalligrafi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafia" title="Kaligrafia – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaligrafia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="வனப்பெழுத்து – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வனப்பெழுத்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Хушнависӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хушнависӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3" title="อักษรวิจิตร – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรวิจิตร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrapiya" title="Kaligrapiya – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaligrapiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafi" title="Kaligrafi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaligrafi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Каллиграфия – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Каллиграфия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82" title="خەتتاتلىق – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خەتتاتلىق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каліграфія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каліграфія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C" title="فن خطاطی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فن خطاطی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalligrafiya" title="Kalligrafiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kalligrafiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0_ph%C3%A1p" title="Thư pháp – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thư pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligrafeye" title="Caligrafeye – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Caligrafeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrapiya" title="Kaligrapiya – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kaligrapiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="书法 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="书法" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A2" title="קאליגראפיע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאליגראפיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-hoat_(g%C4%93-su%CC%8Dt)" title="Su-hoat (gē-su̍t) – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Su-hoat (gē-su̍t)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" title="書法 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="書法" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12681#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&oldid=85615407" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Calligraphy" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12681" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="書法">書法</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>此條目介紹的是一種書寫藝術。关于中國以漢字為主的书法，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中國書法">中國書法</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84596247">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox 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.mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="Talk:书法">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可能包含<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究">原创研究</a>。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年5月18日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充参考资料、添加<a href="/wiki/Template:Original_research_inline" title="Template:Original research inline">相关内联标签</a>和删除原创研究内容以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。详细情况请参见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="Talk:书法">讨论页</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年5月18日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95%22">"书法"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可能需要<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B8%85%E7%90%86" title="Wikipedia:清理">清理</a>，以符合维基百科<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">质量标准</a>。</b>具体的理由是：很多书法形式是在说“xx语言用xx文字来书写”，和书法根本没有关系，而且也没有来源<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年5月18日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请尽量协助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，详情请参见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="Talk:书法">讨论页</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>書法</b>是书写文字的方法，一種書寫的<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="藝術">藝術</a>。書法縱向穿透兩個層面：「使用」與「審美」；橫向跨越文字兩個層面：「<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="繪畫">繪畫</a>」。書法除了是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="书法家">書法家</a>用以創作的主要表現和作品形式，也是一種研究書寫者心理與性格的工具。各地域依其在地歷史與文化發展出自有的書法特色，而書法至今仍廣泛應用於生活與藝術文化等層面。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當代對實踐書法的定義有： </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abiword_Mac.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Abiword_Mac.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>一種賦予<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="符號">符號</a>有和諧協調、富表情、靈巧孰練風格的藝術<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>筆跡的經歷是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="美學">美學</a>的演變，受人、時、地的技巧、物料、傳播速率所局限<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>筆跡的風格可說成「手跡」、「手藝」、「字母」<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地域文化"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E5.9F.9F.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>地域文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：地域文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="東亞書法"><span id=".E6.9D.B1.E4.BA.9E.E6.9B.B8.E6.B3.95"></span>東亞書法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：東亞書法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" title="東亞書法">東亞書法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中國書法">中國書法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B9%A6%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="日本书道">日本書道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%9B%B8%E8%97%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮書藝">朝鮮書藝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" title="越南書法">越南書法</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%9B%B8%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球書道">琉球書道</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liang%27s_calligraphy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Liang%27s_calligraphy.jpg/140px-Liang%27s_calligraphy.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Liang%27s_calligraphy.jpg/210px-Liang%27s_calligraphy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Liang%27s_calligraphy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>中國知名文人<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%95%9F%E8%B6%85" class="mw-redirect" title="梁啟超">梁啟超</a>的書法作品</figcaption></figure> <p>東亞書法的典型概念是「蘸<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8" title="墨">墨</a>、握<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%AD%86" class="mw-redirect" title="毛筆">毛筆</a>、寫<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>」，講求<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%9A%E6%A2%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="線條（页面不存在）">線條</a>揮灑中透露出來的那股書卷氣。書法被認為是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>的重要藝術和最優雅的寫字形式。寫好漢字，歷來都是一種素養，它源自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中國書法">中國書法</a>，受東亞文明社會敬重並被廣泛實踐，包括：中國、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮</a>。<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="汉字书法">漢字書法</a>是東亞書法中最典型的代表，也是東亞書法的統稱，因為書寫的字體大多是中國的文字<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>，所有的東亞書法也是最早由中國傳過去而演變出來的。<br /> </p><p>除傳統<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%88%BF%E5%9B%9B%E5%AF%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="文房四寶">文房四寶</a>外，近來因書寫工具的革新，更有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E7%AD%86%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" title="硬筆書法">硬筆書法</a>的興起。 </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="蒙古書法"><span id=".E8.92.99.E5.8F.A4.E6.9B.B8.E6.B3.95"></span>蒙古書法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：蒙古書法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guyuk_khan%27s_Stamp_1246.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Guyuk_khan%27s_Stamp_1246.jpg/140px-Guyuk_khan%27s_Stamp_1246.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Guyuk_khan%27s_Stamp_1246.jpg/210px-Guyuk_khan%27s_Stamp_1246.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Guyuk_khan%27s_Stamp_1246.jpg/280px-Guyuk_khan%27s_Stamp_1246.jpg 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%A1%E7%92%BD" title="蒙古帝國御璽">蒙古帝國御璽</a>上用的即為蒙古書法，這是在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E7%94%B1" title="贵由">贵由</a>寄給教宗<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%AB%BE%E5%A2%9E%E7%88%B5%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="依諾增爵四世">依諾增爵四世</a>的信上找到的</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" title="蒙古文書法">蒙古文書法</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="蒙古语">蒙古语</a>的書法，和東亞書法類似，蒙古書法主要也是用<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%AD%86" class="mw-redirect" title="毛筆">毛筆</a>寫成<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。蒙古書法使用傳統的<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古字母">蒙古字母</a>，在2013年，蒙古書法列名在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E9%9D%9E%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E4%BD%9C%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录">人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录</a>中<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="南亞書法"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E4.BA.9E.E6.9B.B8.E6.B3.95"></span>南亞書法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：南亞書法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E7%B3%BB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="婆罗米系文字">婆羅米系文字</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="尼泊爾書法"><span id=".E5.B0.BC.E6.B3.8A.E7.88.BE.E6.9B.B8.E6.B3.95"></span>尼泊爾書法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：尼泊爾書法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>尼泊爾書法主要是由<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E6%9C%AD%E6%96%87" title="蘭札文">蘭札文</a>所寫，其文字本身及蘭擦文（Lanydza Script）、帕巴文（Phagpa Script）或庫蒂拉文（Kutila）等衍生文字會用在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="尼泊爾">尼泊爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%9F%8E" title="列城">列城</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>、中國沿海、日本及韓國等地，用在寫<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80" title="六字真言">六字真言</a>或是其他衍生自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AF%AD" title="梵语">梵语</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="巴利语">巴利语</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="佛经">佛经</a>文字。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="泰國書法"><span id=".E6.B3.B0.E5.9C.8B.E6.9B.B8.E6.B3.95"></span>泰國書法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：泰國書法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>泰國書法主要是以<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>所寫。在歷史上泰國書法曾限制在巴利语經典的神聖文字中。泰書法會出現在泰國皇家成員的個人旗幟中，會將姓名的首字用泰國書法表示。一些書也曾用泰國書法的組合方式印刷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="藏字書法"><span id=".E8.97.8F.E5.AD.97.E6.9B.B8.E6.B3.95"></span>藏字書法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：藏字書法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BonpoBook.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/BonpoBook.jpg/220px-BonpoBook.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/BonpoBook.jpg/330px-BonpoBook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/BonpoBook.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a>文字</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="印度文化圈">印度文化圈</a>一部分，有好幾百年間曾是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>心臟地帶，<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="藏字">藏字</a>起源於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E7%B3%BB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="婆罗米系文字">印度文字</a>，其文字在宗教區很重要，<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%AD%97%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="藏字書法">藏字書法</a>是其重要文化。西藏的貴族如<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="喇嘛">喇嘛</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%81%94%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="布達拉宮">布達拉宮</a>的居住者，通常擅於書法。藏字書法中和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97" title="世俗">世俗</a>有關的部份不多，但確實存在（而某個程度也和<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="藏傳佛教">藏傳佛教</a>有關）。幾乎所有宗教高層人士手寫的文件都和藏字書法有關，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E8%B3%B4%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="達賴喇嘛">達賴喇嘛</a>寄出的信件，以及其他宗教界及世俗高層人士的手寫文件中。藏字書法在其<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E7%B6%93%E7%AD%92" title="轉經筒">轉經筒</a>上格外明顯，不過這些文字是鍛造出來的，而不是刻劃出來的。藏字書法最早是用<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%86%E8%91%A6%E7%AD%86" title="蘆葦筆">蘆葦筆</a>所寫，現在多半也用凿尖的笔書寫。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="西洋（希臘、拉丁）書法"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E6.B4.8B.EF.BC.88.E5.B8.8C.E8.87.98.E3.80.81.E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.EF.BC.89.E6.9B.B8.E6.B3.95"></span>西洋（希臘、拉丁）書法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：西洋（希臘、拉丁）書法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="西洋書法">西洋書法</a></div> <p>西方書法與傳統東亞書法不同的是，西方書法很少用毛筆寫的，而是用硬筆與紙面呈一定角度書寫而成，其中最有名的筆為<a href="/wiki/%E9%B5%9D%E6%AF%9B%E7%AD%86" title="鵝毛筆">鵝毛筆</a>。早期的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母">字母</a>是大約西元前3000年發明的。從<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘字母">希臘字母</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>，一開始先發展<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AF%AB%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="大寫體">大寫體</a>，後來才發展<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AF%AB%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="小寫體">小寫體</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬人">羅馬人</a>的第一批書接著出現。這批書只有簡單的幾個摺頁，而且是用<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E7%9A%AE%E7%B4%99" title="羊皮紙">羊皮紙</a>做的，<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%86%E8%91%A6%E7%AD%86" title="蘆葦筆">蘆葦筆</a>在這時也被<a href="/wiki/%E9%B5%9D%E6%AF%9B%E7%AD%86" title="鵝毛筆">鵝毛筆</a>取代。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>信仰在此時給予西方書法發展上很重要的助力。因為這时抄寫<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>和其他聖書的活動非常盛行。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭">愛爾蘭</a>，僧侶過去都使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%89%B2%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="安色尔体">安色尔体</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>和其他地方，從這之後開始以「島國風格」稱呼這種書寫方式，這也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E9%87%91%E8%A3%9D%E9%A3%BE%E6%89%8B%E6%8A%84%E6%9C%AC" title="泥金裝飾手抄本">泥金裝飾手抄本</a>的全盛時期。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%9B%BC" title="查理曼">查理曼</a>接著為西方書法帶來劇變。他任用約克大修道院院長<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E7%90%B4" title="阿尔琴">阿尔琴</a>，阿尔琴來到查理曼的首都<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%90%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="亞琛">亞琛</a>，並擔下了將所有文字體修定的重責大任。他接著也為查里曼大帝發展了新的手寫體並命名為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%8F%E8%8D%89%E4%B9%A6%E4%BD%93" title="卡洛林小草书体">卡洛林小草书体</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="哥德字母">哥德字母</a>接著在11世紀出現了，雖該字母不流行，但名稱相似的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="哥德体">哥德體</a>成為中世晚期書法的主流。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a>也有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大法官體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scrittura cancelleresca"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大法官體（页面不存在）">大法官體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrittura_cancelleresca" class="extiw" title="en:Scrittura cancelleresca"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scrittura cancelleresca</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（Scrittura cancelleresca）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BD%93" title="意大利体">義大利手寫斜體</a>。這時候的泥金裝飾手抄本的字體也被影響了，因此又盛行了一陣子。然而15世紀後，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="約翰·古騰堡">約翰·古騰堡</a>發明的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="活字印刷術">活字印刷術</a>，使手寫和手工裝飾的書很快的就退出流行了，不過西方書法並未就此消失。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westerncalligraphy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Westerncalligraphy.jpg/220px-Westerncalligraphy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Westerncalligraphy.jpg/330px-Westerncalligraphy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Westerncalligraphy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="166" /></a><figcaption>现代西方书法</figcaption></figure> <p>19世紀末，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" title="威廉·莫里斯">威廉·莫里斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%8E%E6%89%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="艺术与手工艺运动">艺术与手工艺运动</a>的其他人，重新發現並再度發揚西方書法之美。有許多書法家如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="愛德華·強斯頓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Edward Johnston"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛德華·強斯頓（页面不存在）">愛德華·強斯頓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Johnston" class="extiw" title="en:Edward Johnston"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Edward Johnston</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="埃里克·吉尔">埃里克·吉尔</a>等，都受到了他的影響。 </p><p>西方重要的當代書法家是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞瑟·貝克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arthur Baker"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞瑟·貝克（页面不存在）">亞瑟·貝克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Baker" class="extiw" title="en:Arthur Baker"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arthur Baker</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%AF%9F%E6%99%AE%E5%A4%AB" title="赫尔曼·察普夫">赫尔曼·察普夫</a>。隨著手寫在溝通行為中越來越少見，西方書法逐漸只在特殊情況與活動中見到，大部份用在<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E5%B8%96" title="喜帖">喜帖</a>與通知上面。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="伊斯兰书法"><span id=".E4.BC.8A.E6.96.AF.E5.85.B0.E4.B9.A6.E6.B3.95"></span>伊斯兰书法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：伊斯兰书法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="伊斯兰书法">伊斯蘭書法</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basmalah-1wm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Basmalah-1wm.svg/220px-Basmalah-1wm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Basmalah-1wm.svg/330px-Basmalah-1wm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Basmalah-1wm.svg/440px-Basmalah-1wm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>十八世紀<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="鄂圖曼帝國">鄂圖曼帝國</a>的伊斯蘭書法，內容是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%96%AF%E7%B1%B3" title="太斯米">太斯米</a></figcaption></figure> <p>伊斯兰书法是隨著<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯文">阿拉伯文</a>所進展的。因為用的是阿拉伯字母，有些人也稱為「阿拉伯書法」，但伊斯兰书法是比較準確的名詞，包括各種伊斯兰书法家創作的作品，地點從<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>南部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%94%E9%AD%AF%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="安達魯西亞">安達魯西亞</a>到中國。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>的国家裡，書法與西方書法用的筆大致上是相同的。由于伊斯兰教禁止<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B6%E5%83%8F%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="偶像崇拜">偶像崇拜</a>，没有像基督教世界里那样存在大量宗教题材的绘画，于是使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉伯字母">阿拉伯字母</a>的书法作品成了最重要的视觉艺术品。从<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>，用阿拉伯字母书写的书法作品随处可见。 </p> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crainquebille,_Putois,_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="藝術" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Crainquebille%2C_Putois%2C_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png/25px-Crainquebille%2C_Putois%2C_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Crainquebille%2C_Putois%2C_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png/38px-Crainquebille%2C_Putois%2C_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Crainquebille%2C_Putois%2C_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png/50px-Crainquebille%2C_Putois%2C_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:藝術">藝術主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>像<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="清真寺">清真寺</a>牆上及天花板上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%BC%8F%E8%8A%B1%E7%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯式花紋">阿拉伯式花紋</a>就是伊斯兰书法。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="穆斯林世界">穆斯林世界</a>的當代藝術家也傳承伊斯兰书法，用在题字或抽象圖案上。 </p><p>伊斯兰书法是伊斯兰世界中視覺藝術的最高境界，也是其<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%80%A7" title="靈性">靈性</a>世界的藝術。毫无争议地，伊斯兰书法已经成为伊斯兰艺术中最崇敬的形式，因为它提供了与伊斯兰教和穆斯林的语言之间的联系。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="古兰经">古兰经</a>在阿拉伯語的發展及演化上有重要的角色，也延伸到伊斯兰书法中。諺語及古兰经中的經文仍是伊斯兰书法的重要來源。 </p><p>一般認為伊斯兰书法在<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="鄂圖曼帝國">鄂圖曼帝國</a>表現最為出色。土耳其的伊斯兰书法家有最精緻及最有創造力的作品。伊斯坦堡是各種伊斯兰书法及的开放展馆，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="清真寺">清真寺</a>、喷泉、学校及住宅的铭文都是伊斯兰书法。 </p><p>近现代及当代伊斯兰书法，则集中在土耳其、埃及和伊拉克三国，代表人物有土耳其的哈米德·阿梅迪、埃及的赛义德·易卜拉欣和伊拉克的哈希姆·穆罕默德<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1986年举行的首届国际阿拉伯书法大赛，除<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯">沙特阿拉伯</a>和叙利亚各获得一银一铜外，其余所有奖牌均被土耳其书法家囊括<sup id="cite_ref-qiantan_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qiantan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="瑪雅书法"><span id=".E7.91.AA.E9.9B.85.E4.B9.A6.E6.B3.95"></span>瑪雅书法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：瑪雅书法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>瑪雅书法是以<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="瑪雅文字">瑪雅文字</a>來表示，現在的瑪雅书法主要用在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%8D%A1%E5%9D%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="尤卡坦州">尤卡坦州</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AB%A0" title="印章">印章</a>及纪念碑中。瑪雅书法很少用在官方機構中，不過在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E4%BD%A9%E5%88%87%E5%B7%9E" title="坎佩切州">坎佩切州</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E7%BE%85%E5%A5%A7%E5%B7%9E" title="金塔納羅奧州">金塔納羅奧州</a>等地，瑪雅书法是用拉丁文字表示。有些南墨西哥的公司會在其企業符號使用瑪雅书法。有些社群及現代的瑪雅兄弟會也會用瑪雅书法作為組織的符號。 </p><p>大部分墨西哥的考古遗址（像在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E7%90%B4%E4%BC%8A%E8%96%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="契琴伊薩">契琴伊薩</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉博纳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Labna"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%9A%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉博纳（页面不存在）">拉博纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labna" class="extiw" title="en:Labna"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Labna</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94" title="乌斯马尔">乌斯马尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E7%A9%86%E5%B0%94" title="卡拉克穆尔">卡拉克穆尔</a>等地）會有其瑪雅书法。石刻纪念碑也常见到古老的玛雅书法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="現代應用"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>現代應用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：現代應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現代書法的應用範圍很广泛，從功能性<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%8C%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="題字（页面不存在）">題字</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%BB%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刻字（页面不存在）">刻字</a>設計，到精緻藝術的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="抽象">抽象</a>手寫標記，文字可能易懂，也可能不考慮其易讀性<sup id="cite_ref-mediaville1996_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mediaville1996-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。古典書法有別於<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E6%8E%92%E5%8D%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="字体排印学">字体排印学</a>和非古典的手寫字，不過書法家可能也熟悉這些部份<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>書法仍常使用在<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E5%B8%96" title="喜帖">喜帖</a>及邀請函、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%9E%8B" title="字型">字型</a>設計及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E6%8E%92%E5%8D%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="字体排印学">字体排印学</a>、原創手寫字母或字的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97" title="标志">标志</a>設計、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教藝術（页面不存在）">宗教藝術</a>、公告、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%A1%88%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="圖案設計">圖案設計</a>及书法藝術、石刻題字及紀念文獻等。書法也常用在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="電影">電影</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="電視">電視</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%85%B7" title="道具">道具</a>或動態圖像、推薦信、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F%E8%AD%89%E6%98%8E%E6%9B%B8" title="出生證明書">出生證明書</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E8%AD%89" title="死亡證">死亡證明書</a>、地圖等場合<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="圖集"><span id=".E5.9C.96.E9.9B.86"></span>圖集</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：圖集"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ijazah3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="以阿拉伯文寫成的鄂圖曼帝國教統（西元1791年，伊斯兰历1206年）"><img alt="以阿拉伯文寫成的鄂圖曼帝國教統（西元1791年，伊斯兰历1206年）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ijazah3.jpg/285px-Ijazah3.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ijazah3.jpg/428px-Ijazah3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ijazah3.jpg/571px-Ijazah3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4801" data-file-height="3534" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">以阿拉伯文寫成的<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="鄂圖曼帝國">鄂圖曼帝國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%B5%B1" title="教統">教統</a>（西元1791年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86" title="伊斯兰历">伊斯兰历</a>1206年）</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chayyam_guyand_kasan_behescht_ba_hur_chosch_ast_small.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Shikasta 波斯体文字"><img alt="Shikasta 波斯体文字" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Chayyam_guyand_kasan_behescht_ba_hur_chosch_ast_small.png/210px-Chayyam_guyand_kasan_behescht_ba_hur_chosch_ast_small.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Chayyam_guyand_kasan_behescht_ba_hur_chosch_ast_small.png/315px-Chayyam_guyand_kasan_behescht_ba_hur_chosch_ast_small.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Chayyam_guyand_kasan_behescht_ba_hur_chosch_ast_small.png/420px-Chayyam_guyand_kasan_behescht_ba_hur_chosch_ast_small.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shikasta <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%93" title="波斯体">波斯体</a>文字</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asemic_graffiti.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="非语意写作（英语：Asemic writing）及抽象书法"><img alt="非语意写作（英语：Asemic writing）及抽象书法" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Asemic_graffiti.jpg/285px-Asemic_graffiti.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Asemic_graffiti.jpg/428px-Asemic_graffiti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Asemic_graffiti.jpg/571px-Asemic_graffiti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="589" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非语意写作" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Asemic writing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD%E6%84%8F%E5%86%99%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非语意写作（页面不存在）">非语意写作</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asemic_writing" class="extiw" title="en:Asemic writing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Asemic writing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>及抽象书法</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 251.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 249.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm/374px--Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" height="140" data-durationhint="57" data-mwtitle="Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn,_Estonia.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm/Calligraphy_demonstration_at_the_Ukrainian_Cultural_Center_in_Tallinn%2C_Estonia.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">在<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a>首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97" title="塔林">塔林</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a>文化中心的书法展示</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB" title="書寫">書寫</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美術字體（页面不存在）">美術字體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%A6" title="古文字学">古文字学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%87" title="婆罗米文">婆罗米文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B7%E8%B1%A1%E8%A9%A9" title="具象詩">具象詩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%86%99%E4%BD%93" title="手写体">手写体</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C"></span>相關</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：相關"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%AD%86" class="mw-redirect" title="毛筆">毛筆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%88%BF%E5%9B%9B%E5%AF%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="文房四寶">文房四寶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B7%E6%9B%B8%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%B3%95" title="楷書九十二法">楷書九十二法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%B5%E7%A5%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="書法郵票（页面不存在）">書法郵票</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li 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<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fraser & Kwiatkowski. Johnston 1909. 2006年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.au=Fraser+%26+Kwiatkowski&rft.btitle=Johnston+1909&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715015833/http://www.nmgzx.gov.cn/index.php?file=article&cmd=show&artid=489">蒙古文书法 - 政协书画院 - 中国人民政治协商会议内蒙古自治区委员会</a>. Nmgzx.gov.cn. 2011-03-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-10-06</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmgzx.gov.cn/index.php?file=article&cmd=show&artid=489">原始内容</a>存档于2014-07-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.btitle=%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95+-+%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%8F%E4%B9%A6%E7%94%BB%E9%99%A2+-+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%8F%E5%95%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.date=2011-03-23&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nmgzx.gov.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmgzx.gov.cn%2Findex.php%3Ffile%3Darticle%26cmd%3Dshow%26artid%3D489&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140715015833/http://www.nmgzx.gov.cn/index.php?file=article&cmd=show&artid=489">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://twh.boch.gov.tw/non_material/intro.aspx?id=299">中華民國文化部文化資產局　臺灣世界遺產潛力點蒙古書法</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-02-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723110309/https://twh.boch.gov.tw/non_material/intro.aspx?id=299">存档</a>于2021-07-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B+%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%83%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E5%B1%80+%E3%80%80%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2%E6%BD%9B%E5%8A%9B%E9%BB%9E+%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftwh.boch.gov.tw%2Fnon_material%2Fintro.aspx%3Fid%3D299&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210723110309/http://twh.boch.gov.tw/non_material/intro.aspx?id=299">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">陈进惠. 近现代阿拉伯书法的开拓先锋[J]. 中国穆斯林. 2007(05) </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qiantan-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-qiantan_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">李文彦. 浅谈阿拉伯书法艺术[J]. 阿拉伯世界. 1989(01) </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mediaville1996-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mediaville1996_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mediaville, Claude. Calligraphy: From Calligraphy to Abstract Painting. Belgium: Scirpus-Publications. 1996. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9080332518" title="Special:网络书源/9080332518"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9080332518</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft.aulast=Mediaville&rft.btitle=Calligraphy%3A+From+Calligraphy+to+Abstract+Painting&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9080332518&rft.place=Belgium&rft.pub=Scirpus-Publications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pott, G. Kalligrafie:Erste Hilfe und Schrift-Training mit Muster-Alphabeten. Verlag Hermann Schmidt Mainz. 2005年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.au=Pott%2C+G.&rft.btitle=Kalligrafie%3AErste+Hilfe+und+Schrift-Training+mit+Muster-Alphabeten&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Verlag+Hermann+Schmidt+Mainz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pott, G. Kalligrafie: Intensiv Training. Verlag Hermann Schmidt Mainz. 2006年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.au=Pott%2C+G.&rft.btitle=Kalligrafie%3A+Intensiv+Training&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Verlag+Hermann+Schmidt+Mainz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zapf, H. The world of Alphabets: A kaleidoscope of drawings and letterforms CD-ROM. 2006年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.au=Zapf%2C+H.&rft.btitle=The+world+of+Alphabets%3A+A+kaleidoscope+of+drawings+and+letterforms&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=CD-ROM&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zapf, H. Alphabet Stories: A Chronicle of Technical Developments. Cary Graphic Arts Press Rochester New York. 2007年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.au=Zapf%2C+H.&rft.btitle=Alphabet+Stories%3A+A+Chronicle+of+Technical+Developments&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Cary+Graphic+Arts+Press+Rochester+New+York&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Propfe, J. SchreibKunstRaume: Kalligraphie im Raum Verlag. Munich: George D.W. Callwey GmbH & Co.K.G. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783766716309" title="Special:网络书源/9783766716309"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9783766716309</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到德语网页">（德语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.au=Propfe%2C+J.&rft.btitle=SchreibKunstRaume%3A+Kalligraphie+im+Raum+Verlag&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783766716309&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=George+D.W.+Callwey+GmbH+%26+Co.K.G.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Geddes, A.; Dion, C. Miracle: a celebration of new life. Auckland: Photogenique Publishers. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780740746963" title="Special:网络书源/9780740746963"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780740746963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.au=Dion%2C+C.&rft.au=Geddes%2C+A.&rft.btitle=Miracle%3A+a+celebration+of+new+life&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780740746963&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Photogenique+Publishers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>書目</dt></dl> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMediavilla2006" class="citation book">Mediavilla, Claude. Histoire de la calligraphie française. Paris: Michel. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-2226172839" title="Special:网络书源/978-2226172839"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-2226172839</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft.aulast=Mediavilla&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+calligraphie+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-2226172839&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Michel&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diringer,_D.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diringer, D.（页面不存在）">Diringer, D.</a> The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind <b>1</b> 3rd. London: Hutchinson & Co. 1968: 441.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.au=Diringer%2C+D.&rft.btitle=The+Alphabet%3A+A+Key+to+the+History+of+Mankind&rft.date=1968&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=441&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hutchinson+%26+Co.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Fraser, M.; Kwiatowski, W. Ink and Gold: Islamic Calligraphy. London: Sam Fogg Ltd. 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&rft.au=Fraser%2C+M.&rft.au=Kwiatowski%2C+W.&rft.btitle=Ink+and+Gold%3A+Islamic+Calligraphy&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sam+Fogg+Ltd.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12681" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q12681"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%B8/%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8#書法" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/理學彙編/字學典/書法部">欽定古今圖書集成·理學彙編·字學典·書法部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82943465">.mw-parser-output .mw-stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .mw-stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:721px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="mw-stack stack-right"><div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Calligraphy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Calligraphy"><span style="font-weight:bold;">书法</span></a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/书法">书法</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleography.library.utoronto.ca">French Renaissance Paleography</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210210214229/https://paleography.library.utoronto.ca/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） This is a scholarly maintained site that presents over 100 carefully selected French manuscripts from 1300 to 1700, with tools to decipher and transcribe them.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kallipos.de/">Kallipos</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210210214240/http://www.kallipos.de/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calligraphy.co.uk">Manuscript Pen Company</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210210214225/http://www.calligraphy.co.uk/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scribblers.co.uk">Scribblers</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210210214238/http://www.scribblers.co.uk/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hans.presto.tripod.com/engli001.html">Blam! Design</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210210214239/http://hans.presto.tripod.com/engli001.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011109101848/http://dmoz.org/arts/visual_arts/calligraphy/">Calligraphy</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=DMOZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DMOZ（页面不存在）">DMOZ</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>书法博物館</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birminghamheritage.org.uk/pentrade.html">The Pen Museum</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210210215601/http://www.birminghamheritage.org.uk/pentrade.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） at Birmingham Heritage forum</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220044310/http://penroom.co.uk/default.aspx">Birmingham Pen Room</a>, writing and pen museum (Archive)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130417191341/http://www.calligraphy-museum.com/eng/default.aspx">Contemporary museum of calligraphy (Russia)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schriftmuseum.at/">Schrift-und Heimatmuseum, Pettenbach (Austria)</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160423220111/http://www.schriftmuseum.at/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hmml.org/">Hill Museum & Manuscript Library</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200818110351/http://www.hmml.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klingspor-museum.de/UeberdasMuseum.html">Klingspor Museum</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171209060642/http://www.klingspor-museum.de/UeberdasMuseum.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141019061047/http://www.manuscriptcenter.org/museum/">Manuscript Museum of the Library of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rain.org/~karpeles/">The Karpeles Manuscript Library Museums</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171115160606/http://www.rain.org/~karpeles/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/n/nal-modern-calligraphy/">The Modern Calligraphy Collection of the National Art Library at the Victoria and Albert Museum</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210210214317/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/n/nal-modern-calligraphy/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="Template talk:印刷术语"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:印刷术语"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="字-&#123;&#125;-体排印学术语" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E6%8E%92%E5%8D%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="字体排印学">字体排印学</a>术语</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%81" title="頁">页</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%81%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="頁碼">頁碼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%B3%E9%A1%B5%E5%92%8C%E5%B7%A6%E9%A1%B5" title="书籍的右页和左页">书籍的右页和左页</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C_(%E6%8E%92%E7%89%88)" title="邊界 (排版)">邊界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="栏">栏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="页面构造原理">页面构造原理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="抬升式引用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pull quote"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%AC%E5%8D%87%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抬升式引用（页面不存在）">抬升式引用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull_quote" class="extiw" title="en:Pull quote"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pull quote</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E8%90%BD" title="段落">段</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A1%E8%A1%8C%E5%92%8C%E5%AD%A4%E8%A1%8C" title="寡行和孤行">寡行和孤行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E8%B7%9D" title="行距">行距</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E6%B5%81_(%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E6%8E%92%E5%8D%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="川流 (字体排印学)">川流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E9%BD%8A" title="對齊">對齊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%AE%E6%8E%92" title="縮排">縮排</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BD%8A%E8%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="齊行（页面不存在）">齊行</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A5%E9%97%B4%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="句间距（页面不存在）">句间距</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="字形">字</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">字型结构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%80%80" title="字怀">字怀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="附加符号">附加符号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingbat" title="Dingbat">Dingbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%9E%8B" title="字型">字型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%AD%97%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7" title="首字放大">首字放大</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%97%E9%96%93%E6%B8%9B%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="字間減位（页面不存在）">字間減位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E9%96%93%E8%B7%9D" title="字符間距">字母間距</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97" title="合字">合字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%A0%87" title="下标">下标</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%A0%87" title="上标">上标</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E9%BD%90%E7%BA%BF%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="不齐线数字">不齐线数字</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%99" title="字母大小写">大小写</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AF%AB%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="大寫字母">大寫字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AF%AB%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="小寫字母">小寫字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%9E%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%86%99%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="小型大写字母">小型大写字母</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%99%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大型小写字母（页面不存在）">大型小写字母</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">垂直方面</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E9%83%A8" title="升部">升部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E9%83%A8" title="降部">降部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%B7%9A" title="基線">基線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AF%AB%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6" title="大寫高度">大寫高度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E7%B7%9A" title="主線">主線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%98" title="X字高">x字高</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%9E%8B" title="字型">字型</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E4%BD%93" title="斜体">斜体</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BD%93" title="意大利体">意大利体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E6%96%9C%E4%BD%93" title="伪斜体">伪斜体</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%97%E9%AB%94" title="粗體">粗體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93" title="比例字体">比例字体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%AE%BD%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93" title="等宽字体">等宽字体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%9E%8B#粗细" title="字型">粗细</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93" title="字体">分類</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%AB%94" title="羅馬體">羅馬體</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="老式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Antiqua (typeface class)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%81%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="老式（页面不存在）">老式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiqua_(typeface_class)" class="extiw" title="en:Antiqua (typeface class)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Antiqua (typeface class)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E8%A1%AC%E7%BA%BF%E4%BD%93" title="无衬线体">无衬线体</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BD%93_(%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93)" title="黑体 (字体)">黑體</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%AC%E7%BA%BF%E4%BD%93" title="衬线体">衬线体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%AC%E7%BA%BF%E4%BD%93#过渡体" title="衬线体">过渡体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%AC%E7%BA%BF%E4%BD%93#现代" title="衬线体">现代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%97%E8%A1%AC%E7%BA%BF%E4%BD%93" title="粗衬线体">粗衬线体</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E4%BD%93" title="哥特体">哥特体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E4%BD%93" title="哥特体">Textualis</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Rotunda" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rotunda (script)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotunda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotunda（页面不存在）">Rotunda</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotunda_(script)" class="extiw" title="en:Rotunda (script)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rotunda (script)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Schwabacher" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Schwabacher"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwabacher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwabacher（页面不存在）">Schwabacher</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwabacher" class="extiw" title="en:Schwabacher"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Schwabacher</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87%E5%B0%96%E8%A7%92%E9%AB%94" title="德文尖角體">德文尖角體</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="标点符号">标点符号</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%AC%E6%8C%82%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悬挂标点（页面不存在）">悬挂标点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E5%AD%97%E5%8F%B7" title="连字号">连字号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%B7" title="引号">引号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%88%86%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="角分符号">角分符号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="连接号">连接号</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E7%89%88" title="排版">排版</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="字体设计">字体设计</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">书法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93" title="字体">字体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%9E%8B" title="字型">字型</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93" title="计算机字体">计算机字体</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Etaoin shrdlu" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Etaoin shrdlu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etaoin_shrdlu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etaoin shrdlu（页面不存在）">Etaoin shrdlu</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etaoin_shrdlu" class="extiw" title="en:Etaoin shrdlu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Etaoin shrdlu</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum">亂數假文</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Punchcutting" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Punchcutting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punchcutting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punchcutting（页面不存在）">Punchcutting</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punchcutting" class="extiw" title="en:Punchcutting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Punchcutting</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%8F%A5" title="全字母句">全字母句</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" title="活字印刷术">活字印刷</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="紙型" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="紙型"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%99%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紙型（页面不存在）">紙型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%9E%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:紙型"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">紙型</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B8%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="凸版印刷">凸版印刷</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:凸版印刷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Letterpress"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%87%B8%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:凸版印刷（页面不存在）">t</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Letterpress" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Letterpress"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Letterpress</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%B1%E6%9B%B8%E8%88%87%E6%A9%AB%E6%9B%B8" title="縱書與橫書">縱書與橫書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E7%9B%B8%E6%8E%92%E7%89%88" title="照相排版">照相排版</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="桌面出版">桌面出版</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%92%E7%89%88%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="排版單位（页面不存在）">排版單位</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%9E_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7)" title="點 (印刷)">點</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BE%E5%8D%A1" title="派卡">派卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A1%9E%E7%BD%97_(%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="西塞罗 (字体单位)">西塞羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Em_(%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E6%8E%92%E5%8D%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="Em (字体排印学)">em</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/En_(%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E6%8E%92%E5%8D%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="En (字体排印学)">en</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%BD%A2%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%8A%E5%BD%A2" title="全形和半形">全角和半角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E7%BA%A7" title="字级">字级</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%8F%B7_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7)" title="字号 (印刷)">字号</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="數碼印刷">數碼印刷</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F" title="Category:字体格式">字体格式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8E%92%E7%89%88%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="Category:排版软件">排版软件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81" title="字符编码">字符编码</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E5%85%89%E6%A0%85%E5%8C%96" title="字体光栅化">字体光栅化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E5%BE%AE%E8%B0%83" title="字体微调">字体微调</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E7%99%BD%E9%A0%81" title="空白頁">空白頁</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="字體開發公司" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Type foundry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="字體開發公司（页面不存在）">字體開發公司</a></span><span 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