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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definitie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definitie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definitie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorbeelden_en_eigenschappen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorbeelden_en_eigenschappen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Voorbeelden en eigenschappen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorbeelden_en_eigenschappen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Meting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dynamische_viscositeit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dynamische_viscositeit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dynamische viscositeit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dynamische_viscositeit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kinematische_viscositeit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kinematische_viscositeit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kinematische viscositeit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kinematische_viscositeit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eenheden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eenheden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eenheden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eenheden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enkele_viscositeitswaarden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enkele_viscositeitswaarden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Enkele viscositeitswaarden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enkele_viscositeitswaarden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulkviscositeit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulkviscositeit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bulkviscositeit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulkviscositeit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Viscositeit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 78 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskositeit" title="Viskositeit – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Viskositeit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="لزوجة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لزوجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafa" title="Mafa – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mafa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zl%C3%BCl%C3%BCk" title="Özlülük – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Özlülük" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="آغدالیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آغدالیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Вязкасць – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вязкасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Вискозитет – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вискозитет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="সান্দ্রতা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সান্দ্রতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskoznost" title="Viskoznost – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Viskoznost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscositat" title="Viscositat – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viscositat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskozita" title="Viskozita – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Viskozita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Нӳнек – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нӳнек" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gludedd" title="Gludedd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gludedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskositet" title="Viskositet – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Viskositet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskosit%C3%A4t" title="Viskosität – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Viskosität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BE%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ιξώδες – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιξώδες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Viscosity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskozeco" title="Viskozeco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Viskozeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosidad" title="Viscosidad – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Viscosidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskoossus" title="Viskoossus – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viskoossus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskositate" title="Biskositate – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biskositate" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="گران‌روی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گران‌روی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskositeetti" title="Viskositeetti – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viskositeetti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosit%C3%A9" title="Viscosité – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Viscosité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaodacht" title="Slaodacht – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Slaodacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosidade" title="Viscosidade – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Viscosidade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%AA" title="צמיגות – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צמיגות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="श्यानता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="श्यानता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskoznost" title="Viskoznost – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Viskoznost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskozite" title="Viskozite – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Viskozite" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viszkozit%C3%A1s" title="Viszkozitás – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Viszkozitás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մածուցիկություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մածուցիկություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekentalan" title="Kekentalan – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekentalan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigja" title="Seigja – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Seigja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosit%C3%A0" title="Viscosità – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Viscosità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%98%E5%BA%A6" title="粘度 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="粘度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskositas" title="Viskositas – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Viskositas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94" title="სიბლანტე – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიბლანტე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D1%82%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Тұтқырлық – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұтқырлық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಸ್ನಿಗ್ಧತೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ನಿಗ್ಧತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%90%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84" title="점성도 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="점성도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskosit%C3%A9it" title="Viskositéit – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Viskositéit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klampumas" title="Klampumas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klampumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskozit%C4%81te" title="Viskozitāte – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viskozitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitsiloly" title="Fitsiloly – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitsiloly" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Вискозност – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вискозност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4" title="ശ്യാനത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശ്യാനത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Зунгааралт – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зунгааралт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelikatan" title="Kelikatan – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kelikatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Пезнамо – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пезнамо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भिस्कोसिटी – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भिस्कोसिटी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskositet" title="Viskositet – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Viskositet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskositet" title="Viskositet – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Viskositet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8" title="ਲੇਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੇਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepko%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Lepkość – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lepkość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%BC%D9%86%D9%87" title="خټنه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خټنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosidade" title="Viscosidade – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Viscosidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscozitate" title="Viscozitate – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Viscozitate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Вязкость – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вязкость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskoznost" title="Viskoznost – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Viskoznost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Viscosity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskozita" title="Viskozita – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Viskozita" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskoznost" title="Viskoznost – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Viskoznost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskoziteti" title="Viskoziteti – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Viskoziteti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Вискозност – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вискозност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskositet" title="Viskositet – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Viskositet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="பிசுக்குமை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிசுக்குமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%A4" title="స్నిగ్థత – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్నిగ్థత" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%94" title="ความหนืด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความหนืด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskozite" title="Viskozite – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Viskozite" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="В'язкість – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="В'язкість" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%AA" title="لزوجت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لزوجت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yopishqoqlik" title="Yopishqoqlik – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yopishqoqlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_nh%E1%BB%9Bt" title="Độ nhớt – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độ nhớt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E5%BA%A6" title="黏度 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="黏度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E5%BA%A6" title="黏度 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黏度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A2m-t%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Liâm-tō͘ – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Liâm-tō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E5%BA%A6" title="黏度 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黏度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128709#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Viscosity.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Viscosity.gif" decoding="async" width="136" height="497" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>De vloeistof op de onderste afbeelding heeft een hogere viscositeit dan de transparante vloeistof op de bovenste afbeelding en zal dus meer weerstand bieden tegen externe vervormingskrachten.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Viscositeit</b>, ook bekend als <b>stroperigheid</b>, <b>traagvloeibaarheid</b> of <b>dikvloeibaarheid</b>, is een <a href="/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde">fysische</a> <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_materiaaleigenschappen" title="Lijst van materiaaleigenschappen">materiaaleigenschap</a> van een <a href="/wiki/Vloeistof" title="Vloeistof">vloeistof</a> of van een <a href="/wiki/Gas_(aggregatietoestand)" title="Gas (aggregatietoestand)">gas</a>. Het is de eigenschap van een <a href="/wiki/Flu%C3%AFdum" title="Fluïdum">fluïdum</a> die aangeeft in welke mate deze weerstand biedt tegen vervorming door <a href="/wiki/Schuifspanning" title="Schuifspanning">schuifspanning</a>. </p><p>Zo is <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> een voorbeeld van een vloeistof met een lage viscositeit, <a href="/wiki/Honing" title="Honing">honing</a> een voorbeeld van een vloeistof met een hoge viscositeit. Vloeistoffen met een hoge viscositeit worden <b>viskeus</b> genoemd. Het vloeigedrag van stoffen wordt bestudeerd in de <a href="/wiki/Reologie" title="Reologie">reologie</a>. </p><p>De naam <i>viscositeit</i> is afgeleid van de <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijnse</a> naam voor de <a href="/wiki/Maretak" title="Maretak">maretak</a>, <i>viscum album</i>, bessen waarvan in vroegere tijden vogellijm werd gemaakt. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitie">Definitie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Definitie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Definitie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er zijn meerdere begrippen die de viscositeit uitdrukken. Naast de <i>dynamische viscositeit</i> zijn er ook de <i>kinematische viscositeit</i>, die direct uit de dynamische berekend kan worden, de <i>bulkviscositeit</i> en de <i>rekviscositeit</i>. </p><p>Zonder nadere aanduiding wordt over het algemeen met <i>viscositeit</i> de <i>dynamische viscositeit</i> bedoeld. Dat is de weerstand die een fluïdum biedt aan een <a href="/wiki/Afschuiving_(materiaalkunde)" title="Afschuiving (materiaalkunde)">afschuivende</a> kracht, bijvoorbeeld onder invloed van bewegende voorwerpen. </p><p>Neem twee evenwijdige platen op een afstand <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/40ec4b0f294f77937ccbd41e91214ba60b67ac65" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.448ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} y}" /></span>, met een vloeistof ertussen. Als de platen ten opzichte van elkaar zijdelings schuiven met snelheidsverschil <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} v}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>v</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} v}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c6c4081d342e25c7d393c46a7ce4fa8502288d40" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.42ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} v}" /></span>, ontstaat er een snelheids<a href="/wiki/Gradi%C3%ABnt_(wiskunde)" title="Gradiënt (wiskunde)">gradiënt</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} v/\mathrm {d} y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} v/\mathrm {d} y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bab590ab4a43309dc8cb0d97d41a090b17edcb93" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.031ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} v/\mathrm {d} y}" /></span> tussen de platen. Daarvoor is een <a href="/wiki/Kracht" title="Kracht">kracht</a> nodig, of beter: een <a href="/wiki/Schuifspanning" title="Schuifspanning">schuifspanning</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{yx}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{yx}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b22d00d6bf38d261a351d3bf95cc31770a85c209" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.006ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{yx}}" /></span>, gedefinieerd als de kracht gedeeld door de oppervlakte, met als eenheid de <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(eenheid)" title="Pascal (eenheid)">pascal</a>. Voor veel 'eenvoudige' vloeistoffen, die <a href="/wiki/Newtons_flu%C3%AFdum" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtons fluïdum">newtoniaanse vloeistoffen</a> worden genoemd, is de schuifspanning evenredig met de snelheidsgradiënt: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{yx}=\eta {\mathrm {d} v_{x} \over \mathrm {d} y}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>η</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{yx}=\eta {\mathrm {d} v_{x} \over \mathrm {d} y}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cc30615c09594804b2e4d3cbdc399a4205f6ebbc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:11.702ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{yx}=\eta {\mathrm {d} v_{x} \over \mathrm {d} y}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>De evenredigheidsconstante <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>η</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4d701857cf5fbec133eebaf94deadf722537f64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.169ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta }" /></span> is de <i>(dynamische) viscositeit</i> van de vloeistof; hiervoor wordt ook wel het symbool <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>μ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9fd47b2a39f7a7856952afec1f1db72c67af6161" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.402ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu }" /></span> gebruikt. De <a href="/wiki/Natuurkundige_eenheid" title="Natuurkundige eenheid">eenheid</a> van viscositeit is de pascal<a href="/wiki/Seconde" title="Seconde">seconde</a> (Pa·s) (equivalent aan N·s/m<sup>2</sup> of kg/(m·s)). Soms wordt voor pascalseconde de verouderde term <a href="/wiki/Poiseuille" title="Poiseuille">poiseuille</a> gebruikt. </p><p>De bovenstaande relatie, bekend als de <a href="/wiki/Newtons_flu%C3%AFdum" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtons fluïdum">viscositeitswet van Newton</a>, is alleen geldig bij <a href="/wiki/Laminaire_stroming" title="Laminaire stroming">laminaire stroming</a>, dus als de snelheidsgradiënten klein genoeg zijn. Bij te hoge stroomsnelheid ontstaat <a href="/wiki/Turbulente_stroming" title="Turbulente stroming">turbulentie</a>, en dan verdwijnt de lineaire relatie tussen snelheidsgradiënt en schuifspanning. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Viscositeit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Viscositeit.png/500px-Viscositeit.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Viscositeit.png/960px-Viscositeit.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption>Illustratie van de viscositeit. Plaat B beweegt ten opzichte van plaat A. De kracht die hiervoor nodig is, is evenredig met de schuifspanning van de vloeistof tussen de platen.</figcaption></figure> <p>De betekenis van de schuifspanning kan begrepen worden door twee lagen in de stromende vloeistof te bekijken met een onderlinge afstand <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7caae142d915be8ef4d8c423bf91d1f6ea10e8e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.091ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta y}" /></span> en een snelheidsverschil <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta v}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta v}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e18b43e4225eeaafeeb25aefc4ee90bd86f004dc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.063ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta v}" /></span>. Om dit verschil in stand te houden is voor een oppervlak <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}" /></span> (oppervlakte van de bewegende plaat B in de figuur) een kracht <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/545fd099af8541605f7ee55f08225526be88ce57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.741ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F}" /></span> nodig. Omdat in dit geval de snelheidsgradiënt <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} v/\mathrm {d} y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} v/\mathrm {d} y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bab590ab4a43309dc8cb0d97d41a090b17edcb93" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.031ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} v/\mathrm {d} y}" /></span> overal in de vloeistoflaag gelijk is aan <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta v/\Delta y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta v/\Delta y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5587429f43bf19d23325786a757db145e2c39055" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.317ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta v/\Delta y}" /></span>, geldt voor deze kracht: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=\tau _{yx}A=\eta {\mathrm {d} v_{x} \over \mathrm {d} y}A=\eta {\Delta v \over \Delta y}A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>η</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>η</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=\tau _{yx}A=\eta {\mathrm {d} v_{x} \over \mathrm {d} y}A=\eta {\Delta v \over \Delta y}A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/74dba4d14ee8396c6543843140d0384913b333e1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:29.966ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=\tau _{yx}A=\eta {\mathrm {d} v_{x} \over \mathrm {d} y}A=\eta {\Delta v \over \Delta y}A}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>De kracht dus is recht evenredig met de viscositeit, het oppervlak en het snelheidsverschil tussen de platen, en omgekeerd evenredig met de afstand ertussen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeelden_en_eigenschappen">Voorbeelden en eigenschappen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden en eigenschappen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden en eigenschappen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enkele voorbeelden van de viscositeit van vloeistoffen: water (20 °C): 1,002 mPa·s; bloed: 10 mPa·s; glycerine: ca. 1000 mPa·s; pindakaas: 150 000 tot 250 000 mPa·s. </p><p>Gassen hebben doorgaans een ongeveer 100 maal lagere viscositeit dan vloeistoffen. <a href="/wiki/Aardgas" title="Aardgas">Aardgas</a> heeft bijvoorbeeld tussen 0 °C en 20 °C een viscositeit van ongeveer 10 μPa·s (0,010 mPa·s).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De viscositeit van een vloeistof is sterk afhankelijk van de <a href="/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur">temperatuur</a>: bij hogere temperaturen zijn veel vloeistoffen minder viskeus dan bij lagere temperaturen. Bij gassen is dit omgekeerd: bij hogere temperatuur wordt een gas juist viskeuzer. </p><p>Zeer stroperige vloeistoffen zoals <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">bitumen</a> lijken op een <a href="/wiki/Vaste_stof" title="Vaste stof">vaste stof</a>, maar kunnen toch ook bij <a href="/wiki/Kamertemperatuur" title="Kamertemperatuur">kamertemperatuur</a> vloeigedrag vertonen. De vloeibaarheid van bitumen is aangetoond door middel van het <a href="/wiki/Pekdruppelexperiment" title="Pekdruppelexperiment">pekdruppelexperiment</a>. Bitumen is een belangrijk bestanddeel van <a href="/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt">asfalt</a> en zorgt voor de visco-elastische eigenschappen van asfalt. Zo wordt de ribbelvorming die vaak optreedt voor de stopstrepen van druk bereden kruispunten met <a href="/wiki/Verkeerslicht" title="Verkeerslicht">verkeerslichten</a>, verklaard door visco-elastische vervorming onder invloed van rem- en aanzetkrachten van het verkeer. Hierbij speelt ook de temperatuur een belangrijke rol, aangezien de stroperigheid van bitumen afneemt bij hogere temperaturen. </p><p>Vloeibaar <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> verliest alle stroperigheid als het beneden een bepaalde temperatuur wordt afgekoeld. Deze "<a href="/wiki/Superflu%C3%AFditeit" title="Superfluïditeit">supervloeibare</a>" fase heeft allerlei bijzondere eigenschappen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meting">Meting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Meting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Meting"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er bestaan verschillende methoden om de viscositeit van vloeistoffen te meten: </p> <dl><dt>Capillaire viscositeitsmeter</dt></dl> <p>Men laat in een <a href="/wiki/Viscometer" title="Viscometer">viscometer</a> een afgemeten hoeveelheid van de vloeistof door een <a href="/wiki/Capillair" title="Capillair">capillair</a> stromen, en meet de tijd die daarvoor nodig is. De resultaten worden vergeleken met een controlemeting aan een vloeistof met bekende viscositeit. Dit heet de kinematische bepaling. Een vaak gebruikte viscosimeter is de Ubbelohde-buis of de Cannon Fenske-buis. De meest geaccepteerde standaard die deze meting beschrijft is de ASTM D445. De ASTM D446 beschrijft de meest geaccepteerde soorten capillairen. </p><p>Bij de D445 is ca. 50 ml monster nodig voor de bepaling. Om niet-doorzichte vloeistof te meten kan de omgekeerde flow worden toegepast. Hierbij zuigt men de vloeistof aan via de bovenkant van het capillair. Vervolgens wordt het capillair omgedraaid en stroomt de vloeistof naar beneden. </p><p>De D445 omschrijft correcties die moeten worden toegepast zoals die voor de zwaartekracht. Kinematische bepaling is zeer nauwkeurig. Een nauwkeurigheid van beter dan 0,3% is mogelijk. Temperatuurveranderingen tijdens de meting beïnvloeden al snel de meting. Daarom wordt de meting uitgevoerd in een vloeistofbad dat nauwkeurig op temperatuur gehouden wordt. Bij laagviskeuze soorten (<100 cSt) geeft een temperatuurverandering van 0,02 °C een afwijking van 0,7%. </p><p>De ASTM D7279 beschrijft het type Houillon dat is gebaseerd op kleinere hoeveelheden. Hierbij stroomt het monster rechtstreeks van boven naar beneden door het capillair zonder eerst te worden opgevangen in een buffer ruimte. De Houillon-methode vergt echter kunde met betrekking tot het injecteren van het monster en is minder nauwkeurig (2%) dan de D445-methode. </p><p><b>Rotatieviscositeitmeter</b> </p><p>Men laat een bekend lichaam (spindel) met een ingegeven rotatiesnelheid ronddraaien in de te meten vloeistof. De kracht (koppel) die de spindel ondervindt wordt gemeten met behulp van een veer. Deze kracht wordt, rekening houdend met type spindel en rotatiesnelheid, omgerekend naar de juiste (dynamische) viscositeit. De bekendste rotatieviscositeitmeter is de Brookfield. In een ver ver verleden waren alleen relatieve viscositeitmetingen mogelijk. Door de verdere ontwikkelingen van diverse accessoires is het mogelijk geavanceerde absolute viscositeitmetingen te verrichten met concentrische cilinder en kegel/plaat geometrieën. </p> <dl><dt>Torsiebalans</dt></dl> <p>Met een <a href="/wiki/Torsiebalans" title="Torsiebalans">torsiebalans</a> meet men de uitslag van een binnencilinder terwijl men de buitencilinder met een vaste snelheid ronddraait. In de annulaire (ringvormige) ruimte tussen de twee cilinders bevindt zich de vloeistof waarvan de viscositeit bepaald moet worden. Een variatie op deze cilindrische uitvoering is de kegel en plaat viscometer. </p> <dl><dt>Kogel</dt></dl> <p>Men laat een rond balletje in de vloeistof zinken. Na een zekere valtijd wordt de snelheid van de bal constant. Uit het krachtenevenwicht tussen de zwaartekracht, de opwaartse kracht en de weerstand van de vloeistof kan de viscositeit bepaald worden. Zie ook de <a href="/wiki/Navier-Stokes-vergelijkingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Navier-Stokes-vergelijkingen">Navier-Stokes-vergelijkingen</a>. Dit apparaat bestaat in glazen uitvoeringen, maar bestaat ook in metaal voor metingen bij verhoogde druk en temperatuur. Deze methode werkt alleen voor sterk viskeuze stoffen. </p><p>Met de tweede methode kan ook de viscositeit worden vastgesteld als <a href="/wiki/Functie_(wiskunde)" title="Functie (wiskunde)">functie</a> van de <i>afschuifsnelheid</i>: bij <i>gewone</i> vloeistoffen is de gemeten kracht recht evenredig met de snelheid: de viscositeit is niet afhankelijk van de snelheid (<a href="/wiki/Newtons_flu%C3%AFdum" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtons fluïdum">newtoniaanse vloeistoffen</a>). Voor sommige vloeistoffen neemt de viscositeit bij toenemende snelheid toe, voor andere vloeistoffen neemt hij af. Met de tweede methode kan ook de opslag en verlies modulus van visco-elastische vloeistoffen worden gemeten door de buitencilinder of plaat niet met een vaste snelheid te laten ronddraaien maar door deze met wisselende frequenties te laten oscilleren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dynamische_viscositeit">Dynamische viscositeit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Dynamische viscositeit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Dynamische viscositeit"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>η</i></span> = dynamische viscositeit (Pa·s), of in <a href="/wiki/SI-basiseenheid" title="SI-basiseenheid">SI-basiseenheden</a> kg·m<sup>−1</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta =K\cdot (\rho _{1}-\rho _{2})\cdot t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>η</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta =K\cdot (\rho _{1}-\rho _{2})\cdot t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/75e8b822582154ac9cb013f3bd8da369fa54967b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.694ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta =K\cdot (\rho _{1}-\rho _{2})\cdot t}" /></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>η</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4d701857cf5fbec133eebaf94deadf722537f64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.169ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta }" /></span> dynamische viscositeit in cP (centipoise)</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>K</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" /></span> kogelconstante in cP·cm³/(g·s)</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1e0f2d347f2a0ed7f7c9808c427a89813b957017" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.256ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{1}}" /></span> dichtheid van de kogel in g/cm³.</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/793b211571b3ffe34c4639654d567296d29d7f72" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.256ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{2}}" /></span> dichtheid van de vloeistof waarvan je de viscositeit wil bepalen in g/cm³</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" /></span> looptijd van de kogel in seconden.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kinematische_viscositeit">Kinematische viscositeit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kinematische viscositeit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kinematische viscositeit"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naast de dynamische viscositeit (symbool: <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>η</i></span>) kent men de kinematische viscositeit (<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>ν</i></span>). </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu ={\eta \over \rho }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>η</mi> <mi>ρ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu ={\eta \over \rho }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/36f443ab3bd825488ab80226752db0ae08470a14" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:6.369ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu ={\eta \over \rho }}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Hierin is </p> <dl><dd><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>ν</i></span> = kinematische viscositeit (m<sup>2</sup>/s)</dd> <dd><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>η</i></span> = dynamische viscositeit (Pa·s)</dd> <dd><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', Times, serif; font-size:118%; white-space:nowrap;"><i>ρ</i></span> = <a href="/wiki/Dichtheid_(natuurkunde)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dichtheid (natuurkunde)">dichtheid</a> (kg/m<sup>3</sup>)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eenheden">Eenheden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Eenheden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Eenheden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Système International">SI</a>-eenheid van dynamische viscositeit is de Pascalseconde: 1 Pa·s = 1 N·s/m<sup>2</sup>= 1 Pl </p><p>Enkele oude eenheden zijn: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poiseuille" title="Poiseuille">poiseuille</a>: 1 Pl = 1 Pa·s = 1 N·s/m<sup>2</sup></li> <li>Een oude <a href="/wiki/Cgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cgs">cgs</a>-eenheid voor (dynamische) viscositeit is: <a href="/wiki/Poise" title="Poise">poise</a> (P) = 1 dyn·s/cm<sup>2</sup> = 1 g/cm·s = 0,1 Pa·s. Meer gebruikelijk is de centipoise (1 cP = 1 mPa·s). Dat is ongeveer de viscositeit van water.</li></ul> <p>Een oude eenheid voor kinematische viscositeit is: </p> <ul><li>stokes: 1 St = 1 cm<sup>2</sup>/s</li> <li>centistokes: 1 cSt = 0,01 St = 1 mm<sup>2</sup>/s</li></ul> <p>Omrekenfactoren voor andere oude eenheden: </p> <ul><li>1 lb/ft·h = 413,3789 μPa·s</li> <li>1 lbf·h/ft<sup>2</sup> = 172,369 kPa·s</li> <li>1 lbf·s/ft<sup>3</sup> = 157,0875 Pa·s/m</li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Reyn" title="Reyn">reyn</a> = lbf·s/in<sup>2</sup> = 6894,757 Pa·s</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enkele_viscositeitswaarden">Enkele viscositeitswaarden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Enkele viscositeitswaarden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Enkele viscositeitswaarden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Substantie </th> <th>Dynamische viscositeit [mPa·s] </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> (20 °C) </td> <td>1,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> (25 °C) </td> <td>0,891 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a> </td> <td>0,65 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/N-pentaan" title="N-pentaan"><i>n</i>-pentaan</a> (25 °C) </td> <td>0,224 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/N-hexaan" title="N-hexaan"><i>n</i>-hexaan</a> </td> <td>0,320 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/N-heptaan" title="N-heptaan"><i>n</i>-heptaan</a> </td> <td>0,410 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Octaan" title="Octaan">Octaan</a> </td> <td>0,538 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nonaan" title="Nonaan">Nonaan</a> </td> <td>0,711 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">Chloroform</a> </td> <td>0,56 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Decaan_(scheikunde)" title="Decaan (scheikunde)">Decaan</a> </td> <td>0,920 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> </td> <td>1,19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benzeen" title="Benzeen">Benzeen</a> (25 °C) </td> <td>0,601 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glycerol" title="Glycerol">Glycerol</a> </td> <td>1480 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Verf" title="Verf">Verf</a> </td> <td>~ 10<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paraffine" title="Paraffine">Paraffineolie</a> </td> <td>10<sup>2</sup> tot 10<sup>6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kunststof_(materiaal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunststof (materiaal)">Gesmolten kunststof</a> </td> <td>10<sup>3</sup> tot 10<sup>13</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">Bitumen</a> (60 °C) </td> <td>~ 10<sup>5</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kwik" title="Kwik">Kwik</a> </td> <td>1,55 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">Glas</a> (verwerkingstemperatuur) </td> <td>~ 10<sup>2</sup> tot 10<sup>4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">Glas</a> (kamertemperatuur) </td> <td>~ 10<sup>18</sup> tot 10<sup>20</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed">Bloed</a> (37 °C) </td> <td>4 tot 25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Druivensap" title="Druivensap">Druivensap</a> </td> <td>2 tot 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olijfolie" title="Olijfolie">Olijfolie</a> </td> <td>~ 10<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Honing" title="Honing">Honing</a> </td> <td>~ 10<sup>4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stroop" title="Stroop">Stroop</a> </td> <td>~ 10<sup>5</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Room_(product)" title="Room (product)">Room</a> </td> <td>~ 10 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bulkviscositeit">Bulkviscositeit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bulkviscositeit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bulkviscositeit"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het bovenstaande is een vereenvoudigde benadering die geldig is voor stromingen waarbij het <a href="/wiki/Flu%C3%AFdum" title="Fluïdum">fluïdum</a> niet wordt samengedrukt. In het algemeen kunnen we een stroming ontbinden in een deel dat geen verandering van volume teweegbrengt, en een deel dat dat wel doet. Dat laatste deel is bijvoorbeeld belangrijk bij het beschrijven van <a href="/wiki/Geluid" title="Geluid">geluidsgolven</a>. De hierboven beschreven viscositeit (de <i>afschuifviscositeit</i>) heeft betrekking op stromingen waarbij het <a href="/wiki/Flu%C3%AFdum" title="Fluïdum">fluïdum</a> niet wordt samengedrukt of uitzet, maar er is ook een <i>bulkviscositeit</i> of <i>tweede viscositeit</i> die de spanning beschrijft ten gevolge van stromingen die de vloeistof samendrukken of doen uitzetten, zoals in het geval van geluidsgolven. Merk overigens op dat in dat geval doorgaans <i>ook</i> een verandering in de druk plaatsvindt. </p><p>De bulkviscositeit is doorgaans veel groter dan de afschuifviscositeit, en voor vloeistofstromingen kan men vaak aannemen dat de vloeistof <i>onsamendrukbaar</i> is, waardoor de bulkviscositeit irrelevant wordt. Ook de beschrijving in termen van twee viscositeiten gaat nog steeds <i>alleen</i> op voor het geval van een <a href="/wiki/Newtons_flu%C3%AFdum" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtons fluïdum">newtoniaanse vloeistof</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binghamplastic" title="Binghamplastic">Binghamplastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getal_van_Poiseuille" title="Getal van Poiseuille">Getal van Poiseuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekdruppelexperiment" title="Pekdruppelexperiment">Pekdruppelexperiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscose" title="Viscose">Viscose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_van_Hagen-Poiseuille" title="Wet van Hagen-Poiseuille">Wet van Hagen-Poiseuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_van_Stokes" title="Wet van Stokes">Wet van Stokes</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lmnoeng.com/Flow/GasViscosity.php">www.lmnoeng.com</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&oldid=69081970">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viscositeit&oldid=69081970</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Fysische_transportverschijnselen" title="Categorie:Fysische transportverschijnselen">Fysische transportverschijnselen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Vloeistofdynamica" title="Categorie:Vloeistofdynamica">Vloeistofdynamica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Stofeigenschap" title="Categorie:Stofeigenschap">Stofeigenschap</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Grootheid" title="Categorie:Grootheid">Grootheid</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 25 mrt 2025 om 11:03.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Onderwerp toevoegen</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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