CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Solomon Musa Dauda</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Solomon Musa Dauda"> <meta name="keywords" content="Solomon Musa Dauda"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Solomon Musa Dauda" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Solomon Musa Dauda"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 270</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Solomon Musa Dauda</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">270</span> Solid Biofuel Production by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Wood Shavings: Effect of Carbonization Temperature and Biomass-to-Water Ratio on Hydrochar’s Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Aliyu">Mohammed Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazunori%20Iwabuchi"> Kazunori Iwabuchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Shaba%20Mohammed"> Ibrahim Shaba Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Sadeeq%20Mohammed"> Abubakar Sadeeq Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Musa%20Dauda"> Solomon Musa Dauda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zinash%20Delebo%20Osunde"> Zinash Delebo Osunde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is recognised as a low temperature and effective technique for the conversion of biomass to solid biofuel. In this study, the effect of process temperature and biomass-to-water ratio (B/W) on the fuel properties of hydrochar produced from wood shavings was investigated. HTC was conducted in an autoclave using reaction temperature of 230 °C and 260 °C for 20 minutes with B/W ratio of 0.11 to 0.43. The produced hydrochars were characterised by the mass yield (MY), higher heating value (HHV), proximate and ultimate properties. The results showed that the properties of the hydrochars improved with increasing process temperature and B/W ratio. The higher heating value (HHV) increased to 26.74 MJ/kg as the severity of the reaction was increased to the process temperature of 260 °C. Also, the atomic H/C and O/C ratios of hydrochars produced at 230 °C and 260 °C were closed to the regions of a peat and lignite on the plotted van Krevelen diagram. Hence, the produced hydrochar has a promising potential as a sustainable solid biofuel for energy application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20shavings" title="wood shavings">wood shavings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%2Fwater%20ratio" title=" biomass/water ratio"> biomass/water ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermochemical%20conversion" title=" thermochemical conversion"> thermochemical conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrothermal%20carbonization" title=" hydrothermal carbonization"> hydrothermal carbonization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrochar" title=" hydrochar"> hydrochar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172680/solid-biofuel-production-by-hydrothermal-carbonization-of-wood-shavings-effect-of-carbonization-temperature-and-biomass-to-water-ratio-on-hydrochars-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">269</span> Student Attendance System Applying Reed Solomon ECC </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Noah%20A.%20Rahman">Mohd Noah A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armandurni%20Abd%20Rahman"> Armandurni Abd Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afzaal%20H.%20Seyal"> Afzaal H. Seyal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md%20Rizal%20Md%20Hendry"> Md Rizal Md Hendry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article reports an automated student attendance system modeled and developed for use at a Vocational school. This project focuses on developing an application using a QR code utilizing the Reed-Solomon error correction code using a smartphone scanned through a webcam. This system enables us to speed up the process of taking attendance and would save us valuable teaching time. This is planned to help students avoid consequences that may result from poor attendances which will eventually penalize them from sitting their final examination as required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QR%20code" title="QR code">QR code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reed-Solomon" title=" Reed-Solomon"> Reed-Solomon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20correction" title=" error correction"> error correction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20design." title=" system design."> system design.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43815/student-attendance-system-applying-reed-solomon-ecc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">268</span> Solomon Islands Decentralization Efforts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samson%20Viulu">Samson Viulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugo%20Hebala"> Hugo Hebala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duddley%20Kopu"> Duddley Kopu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Constituency Development Fund (CDF) is a controversial fund that has existed in the Solomon Islands since the early 90s to date. It is largely controversial because it is directly handled by members of parliament (MPs) of the Solomon Islands legislation chamber. It is commonly described as a political slash fund because only voters of MPs benefit from it to retain loyalty. The CDF was established by a legislative act in 2013; however, it does not have any subsidiary regulations to it, therefore, very weak governance. CDF is purposely to establish development projects in the rural areas of the Solomon Islands to spur economic growth. Although almost USD500M was spent in CDF in the last decade, there has been no growth in the economy of the Solomon Islands; rather, a regress. Solomon Islands has now formulated a first home-grown policy aimed at guiding the overall development of the fifty constituencies, improving delivery mechanisms of the CDF, and strengthening its governance through the regulation of the CDF Act 2013. The Solomon Islands Constituency Development Policy is the first for the country since gaining independence in 1978 and gives strong emphasis on a cross-sectoral approach through effective partnerships and collaborations and decentralizing government services to the isolated rural areas of the country. The new policy is driving the efforts of the political government to decentralize government services to isolated rural communities to encourage the participation of rural dwellers in economic activities. The decentralization will see the establishment of constituency offices within all constituencies and the piloting of townships in constituencies that have met the statutory requirements of the state. It also encourages constituencies to become development agents of the national government than being mere political boundaries. The decentralization will go in line with the establishment of the Solomon Islands Special Economic Zones (SEZ), where investors will be given special privileges and exemptions from government taxes and permits to attract tangible development to occur in rural constituencies. The design and formulation of the new development policy are supported by the UNDP office in the Solomon Islands. The new policy is promoting a reorientation on the allocation of resources more toward the productive and resource sectors, making access to finance easier for entrepreneurs and encouraging growth in rural entrepreneurship in the fields of agriculture, fisheries, down streaming, and tourism across the Solomon Islands. This new policy approach will greatly assist the country to graduate from the least developed countries status in a few years’ time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralization" title="decentralization">decentralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constituency%20development%20fund" title=" constituency development fund"> constituency development fund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Islands%20constituency%20development%20policy" title=" Solomon Islands constituency development policy"> Solomon Islands constituency development policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partnership" title=" partnership"> partnership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title=" entrepreneurship"> entrepreneurship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160779/solomon-islands-decentralization-efforts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">267</span> Unequal Error Protection of VQ Image Transmission System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khelifi%20Mustapha">Khelifi Mustapha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Moulay%20lakhdar"> A. Moulay lakhdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Elawady"> I. Elawady </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We will study the unequal error protection for VQ image. We have used the Reed Solomon (RS) Codes as Channel coding because they offer better performance in terms of channel error correction over a binary output channel. One such channel (binary input and output) should be considered if it is the case of the application layer, because it includes all the features of the layers located below and on the what it is usually not feasible to make changes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20quantization" title="vector quantization">vector quantization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20error%20correction" title=" channel error correction"> channel error correction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reed-Solomon%20channel%20coding" title=" Reed-Solomon channel coding"> Reed-Solomon channel coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application" title=" application"> application</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21372/unequal-error-protection-of-vq-image-transmission-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">266</span> Some Trace and Toxic Metal Content of Crude Ethanol Leaf Extract of Globimetula Oreophila (Hook. F) Danser Azadirachta Indica Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dauda%20G.">Dauda G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bila%20Ha%20Sani%20Y.%20M."> Bila Ha Sani Y. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magaji%20M.%20G."> Magaji M. G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musa%20A.%20M."> Musa A. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20H.%20S."> Hassan H. S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Globimetula oreophila is a parasitic plant with a known therapeutic value that is widely used in the treatment of various ailments, including malaria, hypertension, cancer, diabetes, epilepsy and as a diuretic agent. Objectives: The present study is aimed at analyzing and documenting the level of trace and toxic metals in the crude ethanol leaf extract of G. oreophila. Methods: After collection and authentication, the leaves were air-dried, mashed into powder, weighed and extracted using aqueous ethanol (70%). The crude extract (0.5g) was digested with HNO₃: HCl (3:1); then heated to 2000C and analyzed for its metal content by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results: Fe had the highest concentration (32.73mg/kg), while Pb was not detected. The concentrations of Co, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd detected were 5.97, 10.8, 8.01 and 0.9mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of Cd, Fe and Ni were above the permissible limit of FAO/WHO. Conclusion: The results also show that the analyzed plant is a beneficial source of appropriate and essential trace metals. However, the leaf of G. oreophila in the present study was probably unsafe for long-term use because of the level of Fe, Ni, and Cd concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Globimetula%20oreophila" title="Globimetula oreophila">Globimetula oreophila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals" title=" minerals"> minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20element" title=" trace element"> trace element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20extract" title=" crude extract"> crude extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143724/some-trace-and-toxic-metal-content-of-crude-ethanol-leaf-extract-of-globimetula-oreophila-hook-f-danser-azadirachta-indica-using-atomic-absorption-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">265</span> Characterization of Onboard Reliable Error Correction Code FORSDRAM Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Pitcheswara%20Rao">N. Pitcheswara Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the process of conveying the information there may be a chance of signal being corrupted which leads to the erroneous bits in the message. The message may consist of single, double and multiple bit errors. In high-reliability applications, memory can sustain multiple soft errors due to single or multiple event upsets caused by environmental factors. The traditional hamming code with SEC-DED capability cannot be address these types of errors. It is possible to use powerful non-binary BCH code such as Reed-Solomon code to address multiple errors. However, it could take at least a couple dozen cycles of latency to complete first correction and run at a relatively slow speed. In order to overcome this drawback i.e., to increase speed and latency we are using reed-Muller code. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEC-DED" title="SEC-DED">SEC-DED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BCH%20code" title=" BCH code"> BCH code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reed-Solomon%20code" title=" Reed-Solomon code"> Reed-Solomon code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reed-Muller%20code" title=" Reed-Muller code"> Reed-Muller code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33706/characterization-of-onboard-reliable-error-correction-code-forsdram-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">264</span> Characterization of Onboard Reliable Error Correction Code for SDRAM Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pitcheswara%20Rao%20Nelapati">Pitcheswara Rao Nelapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the process of conveying the information there may be a chance of signal being corrupted which leads to the erroneous bits in the message. The message may consist of single, double and multiple bit errors. In high-reliability applications, memory can sustain multiple soft errors due to single or multiple event upsets caused by environmental factors. The traditional hamming code with SEC-DED capability cannot be address these types of errors. It is possible to use powerful non-binary BCH code such as Reed-Solomon code to address multiple errors. However, it could take at least a couple dozen cycles of latency to complete first correction and run at a relatively slow speed. In order to overcome this drawback i.e., to increase speed and latency we are using reed-Muller code. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEC-DED" title="SEC-DED">SEC-DED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BCH%20code" title=" BCH code"> BCH code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reed-Solomon%20code" title=" Reed-Solomon code"> Reed-Solomon code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reed-Muller%20code" title=" Reed-Muller code"> Reed-Muller code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32965/characterization-of-onboard-reliable-error-correction-code-for-sdram-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">263</span> Exploration of Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology in Removal of Industrial Effluents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Namdeti">Rakesh Namdeti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Toxic dyes found in industrial effluent must be treated before being disposed of due to their harmful impact on human health and aquatic life. Thus, Musa acuminata (Banana Leaves) was employed in the role of a biosorbent in this work to get rid of methylene blue derived from a synthetic solution. The effects of five process parameters, such as temperature, pH, biosorbent dosage, and initial methylene blue concentration, using a central composite design (CCD), and the percentage of dye clearance were investigated. The response was modelled using a quadratic model based on the CCD. The analysis of variance revealed the most influential element on experimental design response (ANOVA). The temperature of 44.30C, pH of 7.1, biosorbent dose of 0.3 g, starting methylene blue concentration of 48.4 mg/L, and 84.26 percent dye removal were the best conditions for Musa acuminata (Banana leave powder). At these ideal conditions, the experimental percentage of biosorption was 76.93. The link between the estimated results of the developed ANN model and the experimental results defined the success of ANN modeling. As a result, the study's experimental results were found to be quite close to the model's predicted outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musa%20acuminata" title="Musa acuminata">Musa acuminata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20composite%20design" title=" central composite design"> central composite design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylene%20blue" title=" methylene blue"> methylene blue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161520/exploration-of-artificial-neural-network-and-response-surface-methodology-in-removal-of-industrial-effluents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">262</span> Ex Situ Conservation of Neutraceutical Banana-Musa paradisiaca cv. Karibale Monthan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Krishna">V. Krishna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashikumar"> Shashikumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Edible Bananas (Musa spp.) are the major staple food for rural and urban consumers in India and an important source of rural income. The cultivar Musa paradisiaca cv. Karibale Monthan is an endemic cultivar of Malnad region of Karnataka and used as a glomolueroprotective neutraceutical to solve kidney problems. The protocol for mass multiplication of plantlets for this indigenous banana cultivar Karibale Monthan has not yet been standardized so far. In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop high frequency in vitro regeneration protocol and evaluation of morphoagronomic characteristics in the farmyard. The high frequency shoot initiation (93.33 %) was recorded at the synergetic effect of BAP (2 to 8mg/L), TDZ (0.1 to 1.2mg/L) and coconut water (0.1 to 1.2ml/L). It was optimized at the concentration 5 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l TDZ and 0.5 ml/l coconut water with 15.90 ± 1.66 frequency of shoots per propagule. Supplementation of 1.0 mg/l IBA induces 5.33 ± 1.21 numbers of roots with a mean root length of 7.50 ± 1.87 roots. 99% of plantlets with distinct roots and shoots were successfully acclimatized in the green house and transferred to the field to evaluate the agro-morphological variations. The micropropagated plants showed significantly higher morphometric values for height of the plant (16.80±2.17), number of leaves (12.40±1.14), length of the bunch (56.20±2.17), weight of the bunch (13.60±1.14), number of hands in a bunch (11.40±1.14) and girth of the pseudostem (49.80±1.48) when compared with in vivo plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banana%20cv.%20Karibale%20Monthan" title="banana cv. Karibale Monthan">banana cv. Karibale Monthan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutraceutical" title=" neutraceutical"> neutraceutical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-frequency%20regeneration" title=" high-frequency regeneration"> high-frequency regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphometric%20evaluation" title=" morphometric evaluation"> morphometric evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46314/ex-situ-conservation-of-neutraceutical-banana-musa-paradisiaca-cv-karibale-monthan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">261</span> Impact of Different Ripening Accelerators on the Microbial Load and Proximate Composition of Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) and Banana (Musa sapientum), during the Ripening Process, and the Nutrition Implication for Food Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wisdom%20Robert%20Duruji">Wisdom Robert Duruji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwasegun%20Christopher%20Akinleye"> Oluwasegun Christopher Akinleye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study reports on the impact of different ripening accelerators on the microbial load and proximate composition of plantain (Musa paradisiaca) and Banana (Musa sapientum) during the ripening process, and the nutrition implication for food security. The study comprised of four treatments, namely: Calcium carbide, Irvingia gabonensis fruits, Newbouldia laevis leaves and a control, where no ripening accelerator was applied to the fingers of plantain and banana. The unripe and ripened plantain and banana were subjected to microbial analysis by isolating and enumerating their micro flora using pour plate method; and also, their proximate composition was determined using standard methods. The result indicated that the bacteria count of plantain increased from 3.25 ± 0.33 for unripe to 5.31 ± 0.30 log cfu/g for (treated) ripened, and that of banana increased from 3.69 ± 0.11 for unripe to 5.26 ± 0.21 log cfu/g for ripened. Also, the fungal count of plantain increased from 3.20 ± 0.16 for unripe to 4.88 ± 0.22 log sfu/g for ripened; and that of banana increased from 3.61 ± 0.19 for unripe to 5.43 ± 0.26 for ripened. Ripened plantain fingers without any ripening accelerator (control) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of crude protein 3.56 ± 0.06%, crude fat 0.42 ± 0.04%, total ash 2.74 ± 0.15 and carbohydrate 31.10 ± 0.20; but with significantly lower value of moisture 62.14 ± 0.07% when compared with treated plantain. The proximate composition trend of treated and banana fingers control is similar to that of treated and plantain control, except that higher moisture content of 75.11 ± 0.07% and lesser protein, crude fat, total ash and carbohydrate were obtained from treated and ripened banana control when the treatments were compared with that of plantain. The study concluded that plantain is more nutritious (mealy) than a banana; also, the ripening accelerators increased the microbial load and reduced the nutritional status of plantain and banana. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20nutrition" title="food nutrition">food nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20carbide" title=" calcium carbide"> calcium carbide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rvingia%20gabonensis" title=" rvingia gabonensis"> rvingia gabonensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newbouldia%20laevis" title=" newbouldia laevis"> newbouldia laevis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plantain" title=" plantain"> plantain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banana" title=" banana"> banana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48032/impact-of-different-ripening-accelerators-on-the-microbial-load-and-proximate-composition-of-plantain-musa-paradisiaca-and-banana-musa-sapientum-during-the-ripening-process-and-the-nutrition-implication-for-food-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">260</span> A Theoretical Study on Pain Assessment through Human Facial Expresion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mrinal%20Kanti%20Bhowmik">Mrinal Kanti Bhowmik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debanjana%20Debnath%20Jr."> Debanjana Debnath Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debotosh%20Bhattacharjee"> Debotosh Bhattacharjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A facial expression is undeniably the human manners. It is a significant channel for human communication and can be applied to extract emotional features accurately. People in pain often show variations in facial expressions that are readily observable to others. A core of actions is likely to occur or to increase in intensity when people are in pain. To illustrate the changes in the facial appearance, a system known as Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is pioneered by Ekman and Friesen for human observers. According to Prkachin and Solomon, a set of such actions carries the bulk of information about pain. Thus, the Prkachin and Solomon pain intensity (PSPI) metric is defined. So, it is very important to notice that facial expressions, being a behavioral source in communication media, provide an important opening into the issues of non-verbal communication in pain. People express their pain in many ways, and this pain behavior is the basis on which most inferences about pain are drawn in clinical and research settings. Hence, to understand the roles of different pain behaviors, it is essential to study the properties. For the past several years, the studies are concentrated on the properties of one specific form of pain behavior i.e. facial expression. This paper represents a comprehensive study on pain assessment that can model and estimate the intensity of pain that the patient is suffering. It also reviews the historical background of different pain assessment techniques in the context of painful expressions. Different approaches incorporate FACS from psychological views and a pain intensity score using the PSPI metric in pain estimation. This paper investigates in depth analysis of different approaches used in pain estimation and presents different observations found from each technique. It also offers a brief study on different distinguishing features of real and fake pain. Therefore, the necessity of the study lies in the emerging fields of painful face assessment in clinical settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20action%20coding%20system%20%28FACS%29" title="facial action coding system (FACS)">facial action coding system (FACS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20behavior" title=" pain behavior"> pain behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prkachin%20and%20Solomon%20pain%20intensity%20%28PSPI%29" title=" Prkachin and Solomon pain intensity (PSPI)"> Prkachin and Solomon pain intensity (PSPI)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22187/a-theoretical-study-on-pain-assessment-through-human-facial-expresion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">259</span> Inhibition of the Activity of Polyphenol Oxidase Enzyme Present in Annona muricata and Musa acuminata by the Experimentally Identified Natural Anti-Browning Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Belinda%20S.%20Weerawardana">Michelle Belinda S. Weerawardana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gobika%20Thiripuranathar"> Gobika Thiripuranathar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyani%20A.%20Paranagama"> Priyani A. Paranagama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of fresh vegetables and fruits available in the retail markets undergo a physiological disorder in its appearance and coloration, which indeed discourages consumer purchase. A loss of millions of dollars yearly to the food industry had been due to this pronounced color reaction called Enzymatic Browning which is driven due to the catalytic activity by an oxidoreductase enzyme, polyphenol oxidase (PPO). The enzyme oxidizes the phenolic compounds which are abundantly available in fruits and vegetables as substrates into quinones, which could react with proteins in its surrounding to generate black pigments, called melanins, which are highly UV-active compounds. Annona muricata (Katu anoda) and Musa acuminata (Ash plantains) is a fruit and a vegetable consumed by Sri Lankans widely due to their high nutritional values, medicinal properties and economical importance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and determine the effective natural anti-browning inhibitors that could prevent PPO activity in the selected fruit and vegetable. Enzyme extracts from Annona muricata (Katu anoda) and Musa acuminata (Ash plantains), were prepared by homogenizing with analytical grade acetone, and pH of each enzyme extract was maintained at 7.0 using a phosphate buffer. The extracts of inhibitors were prepared using powdered ginger rhizomes and essential oil from the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Water extracts of ginger were prepared and the essential oil from Ceylon cinnamon bark was extracted using steam distillation method. Since the essential oil is not soluble in water, 0.1µl of cinnamon bark oil was mixed with 0.1µl of Triton X-100 emulsifier and 5.00 ml of water. The effect of each inhibitor on the PPO activity was investigated using catechol (0.1 mol dm-3) as the substrate and two samples of enzyme extracts prepared. The dosages of the prepared Cinnamon bark oil, and ginger (2 samples) which were used to measure the activity were 0.0035 g/ml, 0.091 g/ml and 0.087 g/ml respectively. The measurements of the inhibitory activity were obtained at a wavelength of 525 nm using the UV-visible spectrophotometer. The results evaluated thus revealed that % inhibition observed with cinnamon bark oil, and ginger for Annona muricata was 51.97%, and 60.90% respectively. The effects of cinnamon bark oil, and ginger extract on PPO activity of Musa acuminata were 49.51%, and 48.10%. The experimental findings thus revealed that Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark oil was a more effective inhibitor for PPO enzyme present in Musa acuminata and ginger was effective for PPO enzyme present in Annona muricata. Overall both the inhibitors were proven to be more effective towards the activities of PPO enzyme present in both samples. These inhibitors can thus be corroborated as effective, natural, non-toxic, anti-browning extracts, which when added to the above fruit and vegetable will increase the shelf life and also the acceptance of the product by the consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-browning%20agent" title="anti-browning agent">anti-browning agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20browning" title=" enzymatic browning"> enzymatic browning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitory%20activity" title=" inhibitory activity"> inhibitory activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenol%20oxidase" title=" polyphenol oxidase"> polyphenol oxidase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41434/inhibition-of-the-activity-of-polyphenol-oxidase-enzyme-present-in-annona-muricata-and-musa-acuminata-by-the-experimentally-identified-natural-anti-browning-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">258</span> Toxic Chemicals from Industries into Pacific Biota. Investigation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Dioxins (PCDD), Furans (PCDF) and Polybrominated Diphenyls (PBDE No. 47) in Tuna and Shellfish in Kiribati, Solomon Islands and the Fiji Islands</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waisea%20Votadroka">Waisea Votadroka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bert%20Van%20Bavel"> Bert Van Bavel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most commonly consumed shellfish species produced in the Pacific, shellfish and tuna fish, were investigated for the occurrence of a range of brominated and chlorinated contaminants in order to establish current levels. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analysed in the muscle of tuna species Katsuwonis pelamis, yellow fin tuna, and shellfish species from the Fiji Islands. The investigation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), furans (PCDFs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE No.47) in tuna and shellfish in Kiribati, Solomon Islands and Fiji is necessary due to the lack of research data in the Pacific region. The health risks involved in the consumption of marine foods laced with toxic organo-chlorinated and brominated compounds makes in the analyses of these compounds in marine foods important particularly when Pacific communities rely on these resources as their main diet. The samples were homogenized in a motor with anhydrous sodium sulphate in the ratio of 1:3 (muscle) and 1:4-1:5 (roe and butter). The tuna and shellfish samples were homogenized and freeze dried at the sampling location at the Institute of Applied Science, Fiji. All samples were stored in amber glss jars at -18 ° C until extraction at Orebro University. PCDD/Fs, PCBs and pesticides were all analysed using an Autospec Ultina HRGC/HRMS operating at 10,000 resolutions with EI ionization at 35 eV. All the measurements were performed in the selective ion recording mode (SIR), monitoring the two most abundant ions of the molecular cluster (PCDD/Fs and PCBs). Results indicated that the Fiji Composite sample for Batissa violacea range 0.7-238.6 pg/g lipid; Fiji sample composite Anadara antiquate range 1.6 – 808.6 pg/g lipid; Solomon Islands Katsuwonis Pelamis 7.5-3770.7 pg/g lipid; Solomon Islands Yellow Fin tuna 2.1 -778.4 pg/g lipid; Kiribati Katsuwonis Pelamis 4.8-1410 pg/g lipids. The study has demonstrated that these species are good bio-indicators of the presence of these toxic organic pollutants in edible marine foods. Our results suggest that for pesticides levels, p,p-DDE is the most dominant for all the groups and seems to be highest at 565.48 pg/g lipid in composite Batissa violacea from Fiji. For PBDE no.47 in comparing all samples, the composite Batissa violacea from Fiji had the highest level of 118.20 pg/g lipid. Based upon this study, the contamination levels found in the study species were quite lower compared with levels reported in impacted ecosystems around the world <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polychlorinated%20biphenyl" title="polychlorinated biphenyl">polychlorinated biphenyl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polybrominated%20diphenylethers" title=" polybrominated diphenylethers"> polybrominated diphenylethers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organoclorinated%20pesticides" title=" organoclorinated pesticides"> organoclorinated pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PBDEs" title=" PBDEs"> PBDEs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37832/toxic-chemicals-from-industries-into-pacific-biota-investigation-of-polychlorinated-biphenyls-pcbs-dioxins-pcdd-furans-pcdf-and-polybrominated-diphenyls-pbde-no-47-in-tuna-and-shellfish-in-kiribati-solomon-islands-and-the-fiji-islands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">257</span> Professionalism and Responsible Journalism in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamsu%20Abdu%20Dauda">Shamsu Abdu Dauda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mass Media have come to be identified as important agents of development all over the world, especially in conflict situations. In the North-eastern Nigeria, where the insurgency has plagued the population for more than a decade now, mass media as important stakeholders are also expected to showcase a high level of social responsibility in reconstructing, rebuilding, and reengineering the crises-ravaged people in the region. However, the intuition of the mass media can only discharge such important responsibility if they upheld professionalism and responsible journalism. This paper observes that professionalism and responsible journalism practice cannot be attained where there is no responsible media education, which is a basic requirement for transforming the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20education" title="media education">media education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professionalism" title=" professionalism"> professionalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=responsible%20journalism" title=" responsible journalism"> responsible journalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=North-eastern%20Nigeria" title=" North-eastern Nigeria"> North-eastern Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166633/professionalism-and-responsible-journalism-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">256</span> Effect of Using Different Packaging Materials on Quality of Minimally Process (Fresh-Cut) Banana (Musa acuminata balbisiana) Cultivar 'Nipah' </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Allisha%20Othman">Nur Allisha Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosnah%20Shamsudin"> Rosnah Shamsudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaulia%20Othman"> Zaulia Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Hajar%20Othman"> Siti Hajar Othman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mitigating short storage life of fruit like banana uses minimally process or known as fresh cut can contribute to the growing demand especially in South East Asian countries. The effect of different types of packaging material on fresh-cut Nipah (Musa acuminata balbisiana) were studied. Fresh cut banana cultivar (cv) Nipah are packed in polypropylene plastic (PP), low density polypropylene plastic (LDPE), polymer plastic film (shrink wrap) and polypropylene container as control for 12 days at low temperature (4ᵒC). Quality of physical and chemical evaluation such as colour, texture, pH, TA, TSS, and vitamin C were examined every 2 days interval for 12 days at 4ᵒC. Result shows that the PP is the most suitable packaging for banana cv Nipah because it can reduce respiration and physicochemical quality changes of banana cv Nipah. Different types of packaging significantly affected quality of fresh-cut banana cv Nipah. PP bag was the most suitable packaging to maintain quality and prolong storage life of fresh-cut banana cv Nipah for 12 days at 4ᵒC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title="physicochemical">physicochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PP" title=" PP"> PP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDPE" title=" LDPE"> LDPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrink%20wrap" title=" shrink wrap"> shrink wrap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=browning" title=" browning"> browning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiration" title=" respiration"> respiration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74696/effect-of-using-different-packaging-materials-on-quality-of-minimally-process-fresh-cut-banana-musa-acuminata-balbisiana-cultivar-nipah" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">255</span> Perceptions of Academic Staff on the Influences of Librarians and Working Colleagues Towards the Awareness and Use of Electronic Databases in Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawal%20Kado">Lawal Kado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the perceptions of academic staff at Umaru Musa Yar’adua University regarding the influences of librarians and working colleagues on the awareness and use of electronic databases. The study aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of these influences and suggest strategies to improve the usage of electronic databases. Research aim: The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of academic staff on the influence of librarians and working colleagues towards the awareness and use of electronic databases in Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina. Methodology: The study adopts a quantitative method and survey research design. The survey questionnaire is distributed to 110 respondents selected through simple random sampling from a population of 523 academic staff. The collected data is analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Findings: The study reveals a high level of general awareness of electronic databases in the university, largely influenced by librarians and colleagues. Librarians have played a crucial role in making academic staff aware of the available databases. The sources of information for awareness include colleagues, social media, e-mails from the library, and internet searching. Theoretical importance: This study contributes to the literature by examining the perceptions of academic staff, which can inform policymakers and stakeholders in developing strategies to maximize the use of electronic databases. Data collection and analysis procedures: The data is collected through a survey questionnaire that utilizes the Likert scaling technique. The closed-ended questions are analyzed using SPSS 23. Question addressed: The paper addresses the question of how librarians and working colleagues influence the awareness and use of electronic databases among academic staff. Conclusion: The study concludes that the influence of librarians and working colleagues significantly contributes to the awareness and use of electronic databases among academic staff. The paper recommends the establishment of dedicated departments or units for marketing library resources to further promote the usage of electronic databases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title="awareness">awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20databases" title=" electronic databases"> electronic databases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20staff" title=" academic staff"> academic staff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unified%20theory%20of%20acceptance%20and%20use%20of%20technology" title=" unified theory of acceptance and use of technology"> unified theory of acceptance and use of technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20influence" title=" social influence"> social influence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178313/perceptions-of-academic-staff-on-the-influences-of-librarians-and-working-colleagues-towards-the-awareness-and-use-of-electronic-databases-in-umaru-musa-yaradua-university-katsina" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">254</span> Budget and the Performance of Public Enterprises: A Study of Selected Public Enterprises in Nasarawa State Nigeria (2009-2013)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalhatu">Dalhatu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musa%20Yusha%E2%80%99u"> Musa Yusha’u</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuaibu%20Sidi%20Safiyanu"> Shuaibu Sidi Safiyanu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haliru%20Musa%20Hussaini"> Haliru Musa Hussaini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined budget and performance of public enterprises in Nasarawa State, Nigeria in a period of 2009-2013. The study utilized secondary sources of data obtained from four selected parastatals’ budget allocation and revenue generation for the period under review. The simple correlation coefficient was used to analyze the extent of the relationship between budget allocation and revenue generation of the parastatals. Findings revealed varying results. There was positive (0.21) and weak correlation between expenditure and revenue of Nasarawa Investment and Property Development Company (NIPDC). However, the study further revealed that there was strong and weak negative relationship in the revenue and expenditure of the following parastatals over the period under review. Viz: Nasarawa State Water Board, -0.27 (weak), Nasarawa State Broadcasting Service, -0.52 (Strong) and Nasarawa State College of Agriculture, -0.36 (weak). The study therefore, recommends that government should increase its investments in NIPDC to enhance efficiency and profitability. It also recommends that government should strengthen its fiscal responsibility, accountability and transparency in public parastatals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=budget" title="budget">budget</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20enterprises" title=" public enterprises"> public enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revenue" title=" revenue"> revenue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise" title=" enterprise"> enterprise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37058/budget-and-the-performance-of-public-enterprises-a-study-of-selected-public-enterprises-in-nasarawa-state-nigeria-2009-2013" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">253</span> Influence of Locally Made Effective Microorganisms on the Compressive Strength of Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nura%20Isa">Muhammad Nura Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magaji%20Muhammad%20Garba"> Magaji Muhammad Garba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dauda%20Dahiru%20Danwata">Dauda Dahiru Danwata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A lot of research was carried out to improve the technology of concrete, some of which include the introduction of new admixture in concrete production such as effective microorganisms. Researches carried out in Japan and Malaysia indicated that the Effective Microorganisms improve the strength and durability of concrete. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to assess the effect of the locally made effective microorganisms on the compressive strength of concrete in Nigeria. The effective microorganisms were produced locally. The locally made effective microorganism was added in 3%, 5%, 10% and 15% to replace the mixing water required. The results of the tests indicated that the concrete specimens with 3% content of locally made EM-A possessed the highest compressive strength, this proved the 3% to be the optimum dosage of locally made EM-A in the concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locally%20made%20effective%20microorganisms" title="locally made effective microorganisms">locally made effective microorganisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=admixture" title=" admixture"> admixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruits%20and%20vegetable%20wastes" title=" fruits and vegetable wastes"> fruits and vegetable wastes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37475/influence-of-locally-made-effective-microorganisms-on-the-compressive-strength-of-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">252</span> Anodization-Assisted Synthesis of Shape-Controlled Cubic Zirconia Nanotubes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Dauda%20Muhammad">Ibrahim Dauda Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Awang"> Mokhtar Awang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To synthesize a specific phase of zirconia (ZrO₂) nanotubes, zirconium (Zr) foil was subjected to the anodization process in a fluorine-containing electrochemical bath for a fixed duration. The resulting zirconia nanotubes (ZNTs) were then characterized using various techniques, including UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD diffraction pattern confirmed that the ZNTs were crystalline, with a predominant texture along the [111] direction, indicating that the majority of the phase was cubic. TEM images revealed that most of the nanotubes were vertically aligned and self-organized, with diameters ranging from 32.9 to 38.8 nm and wall thicknesses between 3.0 and 7.3 nm. Additionally, the synthesized ZNTs had a length-to-width ratio of 235, which closely matches the ratio of 240 observed in another study where anodization was not used. This study demonstrates that a specific phase of zirconia nanotube can be successfully synthesized, with promising potential applications in catalysis and other areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zirconia%20nanotubes" title="zirconia nanotubes">zirconia nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodization" title=" anodization"> anodization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20phase" title=" cubic phase"> cubic phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192982/anodization-assisted-synthesis-of-shape-controlled-cubic-zirconia-nanotubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">251</span> Comparative Analysis of Some Mineral Profile of Honey Marketed and Consumed in Some of the States in Northern Part of Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Odoh">R. Odoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Dauda"> M. S. Dauda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Kamba"> E. A. Kamba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20C.%20Igwemmar"> N. C. Igwemmar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Honey and honey trade is an important economic activity for many tropical rural and urban areas worldwide. In West Africa and other part of the world, honey and honey products holds high socio–cultural, religious, medicinal, and traditional values. Therefore, to maximize benefits or to enhance profit, a variety of components are added to the raw, fresh and unprocessed honey, introducing the possibility of heavy metals contaminants. Therefore the honey sold in various places, markets and shops in some states in Northern Nigeria (Benue, Nassarawa and Taraba) including Abuja FCT, in Nigeria was analyzed to determine the level of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). All the honey samples contain heavy metals. The results ranged from 0.028–0.070, 0.023–0.058, 0.042–0.092, 4.231–8.589, 8.115–14.892, 0.078–0.922, 0.044–0.092, 0.041–0.087 and 18.234–28.654 μg/L for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn respectively. The mean concentration (μg/L) of the heavy metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn of the regularly marketed honey is significantly higher than the mean concentration observed in raw, fresh and unprocessed honey. However, continued consumption of honey with high heavy metal content might lead to exposure to chronic heavy metal poisoning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey" title="honey">honey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20profile%20adulteration" title=" mineral profile adulteration"> mineral profile adulteration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27488/comparative-analysis-of-some-mineral-profile-of-honey-marketed-and-consumed-in-some-of-the-states-in-northern-part-of-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">250</span> Comparative Analysis of Some Mineral Profile of Honey Marketed and Consumed in Some of the States in Northern Part of Country, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Odoh">R. Odoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Dauda"> M. S. Dauda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Kamba"> E. A. Kamba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20C.%20Igwemmar"> N. C. Igwemmar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Honey and honey trade is an important economic activity for many tropical rural and urban areas worldwide. In West Africa and other part of the world, honey and honey products holds high socio–cultural, religious, medicinal and traditional values. Therefore, to maximize benefits or to enhance profit, a variety of components are added to the raw, fresh and unprocessed honey, introducing the possibility of heavy metals contaminants. Therefore the honey sold in various places, markets and shops in some states in Northern Nigeria (Benue, Nassarawa and Taraba) including Abuja FCT, in Nigeria was analyzed to determine the level of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). All the honey samples contain heavy metals. The results ranged from 0.028–0.070, 0.023–0.058, 0.042–0.092, 4.231–8.589, 8.115–14.892, 0.078–0.922, 0.044–0.092, 0.041–0.087 and 18.234–28.654 μg/L for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn respectively. The mean concentration (μg/L) of the heavy metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn of the regularly marketed honey is significantly higher than the mean concentration observed in raw, fresh and unprocessed honey. However, continued consumption of honey with high heavy metal content might lead to exposure to chronic heavy metal poisoning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey" title="honey">honey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20profile%20adulteration" title=" mineral profile adulteration"> mineral profile adulteration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22048/comparative-analysis-of-some-mineral-profile-of-honey-marketed-and-consumed-in-some-of-the-states-in-northern-part-of-country-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">249</span> Hedonic Price Analysis of Consumer Preference for Musa spp in Northern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yakubu%20Suleiman">Yakubu Suleiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Musa"> S. A. Musa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research was conducted to determine the physical characteristics of banana fruits that influenced consumer preferences for the fruit in Northern Nigeria. Socio-economic characteristics of the respondents were also identified. Simple descriptive statistics and Hedonic prices model were used to analyze the data collected for socio-economic and consumer preference respectively with the aid of 1000 structured questionnaires. The result revealed the value of R2 to be 0.633, meaning that, 63.3% of the variation in the banana price was brought about by the explanatory variables included in the model and the variables are: colour, size, degree of ripeness, softness, surface blemish, cleanliness of the fruits, weight, length, and cluster size of fruits. However, the remaining 36.7% could be attributed to the error term or random disturbance in the model. It could also be seen from the calculated result that the intercept was 1886.5 and was statistically significant (P < 0.01), meaning that about N1886.5 worth of banana fruits could be bought by consumers without considering the variables of banana included in the model. Moreover, consumers showed that they have significant preference for colours, size, degree of ripeness, softness, weight, length and cluster size of banana fruits and they were tested to be significant at either P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.1 . Moreover, the result also shows that consumers did not show significance preferences to surface blemish, cleanliness and variety of the banana fruit as all of them showed non-significance level with negative signs. Based on the findings of the research, it is hereby recommended that plant breeders and research institutes should concentrate on the production of banana fruits that have those physical characteristics that were found to be statistically significance like cluster size, degree of ripeness,’ softness, length, size, and skin colour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title="analysis">analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumers" title=" consumers"> consumers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preference" title=" preference"> preference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variables" title=" variables"> variables</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34209/hedonic-price-analysis-of-consumer-preference-for-musa-spp-in-northern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">248</span> Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Culturable Unusual Actinomycetes from Solomon Islands Marine Sediments: Isolation and Characterisation of Bioactive Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahilya%20Singh">Ahilya Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brad%20Carte"> Brad Carte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20Subramani"> Ramesh Subramani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Aalbersberg"> William Aalbersberg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A total of 37 actinomycete strains were purified from 25 Solomon Islands marine sediments using four different types of isolation media. Among them, 54% of the strains had obligate requirement of seawater for growth. The ethyl acetate extract of 100 ml fermentation product of each strain was screened for antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant human pathogens and cytotoxic activity against brine shrimps. A total of 67% of the ethyl acetate extracts showed antimicrobial and/or cytotoxic activities. A strain F-1915 was selected for isolation and evaluation of bioactive compound(s) based on its bioactive properties and chemical profile analysis using the LC-MS. The strain F-1915 was identified to have 96% sequence similarity to Streptomyces violaceusniger on the basis of 16S rDNA sequences using BLAST analysis. The 16S rDNA revealed that the strain F-1915 is a new member of MAR4 clade of actinomycetes. The MAR4 clade is an interesting clade of actinomycetes known for the production of pharmaceutically important hybrid isoprenoid compounds. The ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation product of this strain was purified by silica gel column chromatography and afforded the isolation of one bioactive pure compound. Based on the 1D and 2D NMR spectral data of compound 1 it was identified as a new mono-brominated phenazinone, Marinophenazimycin A, a structure which has already been studied by external collaborators at Scripps Institution of Oceanography but is yet to be published. Compound 1 displayed significant antimicrobial activity against drug resistant human pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of compound 1 was against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was about 1.9 μg/ml and MIC recorded against Amphotericin Resistant Candida albicans (ARCA) was about 0.24 μg/ml. The bioactivity of compound 1 against ARCA was found to be better than the standard antifungal agent amphotericin B. Compound 1 however did not show any cytotoxic activity against brine shrimps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actinomycetes" title="actinomycetes">actinomycetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brominated%20phenazine" title=" brominated phenazine"> brominated phenazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAR4%20clade" title=" MAR4 clade"> MAR4 clade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20natural%20products" title=" marine natural products"> marine natural products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidrug%20resistent" title=" multidrug resistent"> multidrug resistent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1D%20and%202D%20NMR" title=" 1D and 2D NMR"> 1D and 2D NMR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40032/bioactive-secondary-metabolites-from-culturable-unusual-actinomycetes-from-solomon-islands-marine-sediments-isolation-and-characterisation-of-bioactive-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">247</span> Colony Size and Behaviors Characteristics of Monkeys in Peninsular Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karimullah%20Karim">Karimullah Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrul%20Anuar"> Shahrul Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Dauda"> T. Dauda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Swarm of research on monkey behavior exists, but were concerned with an aspect of molecular study in support of human primate and non-human primates. Many researchers take an interest in the study of Primates and their environment for the reason that they are intimately connected to humans in terms of human social behaviors. In this context, a study of the activity budget of monkeys was conducted in three states of Peninsular Malaysia. The chi-square test was served to analysis the behaviors and their variances in different study areas, effects of seasonal variation on behaviors, time differences in behaviors and habituated and non-habituated behaviors of monkeys. In consequent the behavior of moving (17%) was found higher followed by climbing (15%), eating (13%), and other social behaviors. All the behavior categories were found significant at p<0.05. The most common behavior of the monkeys in conclusion has been found associated with the restiveness of the animal and that their colony size is not rigid as it depends also on some other factors. This study can therefore serve as a starting point for the understanding of comparative behaviors of monkey in general and the study of the monkey behavior is thus recommended to be expanded to cover more study areas as well as species than in the present work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity%20budget" title="activity budget">activity budget</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peninsular%20Malaysia" title=" Peninsular Malaysia"> Peninsular Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monkeys%20colony" title=" monkeys colony"> monkeys colony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviour" title=" behaviour"> behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48479/colony-size-and-behaviors-characteristics-of-monkeys-in-peninsular-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">246</span> Histopathological Features of Infections Caused by Fusarium equiseti (Mart.) Sacc. in Onion Plants from Kebbi State, Northern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wadzani%20Dauda%20Palnam">Wadzani Dauda Palnam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alao%20S.%20Emmanuel%20Laykay"> Alao S. Emmanuel Laykay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afiniki%20Bawa%20Zarafi"> Afiniki Bawa Zarafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olufunmilola%20Alabi"> Olufunmilola Alabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dora%20N.%20Iortsuun"> Dora N. Iortsuun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Onion production is affected by several diseases including fusariosis. Study was conducted to investigate the histopathological features of different onion tissues infected with Fusarium equiseti by inoculation with soil drench, root dip and mycelia paste methods. This was carried out by fixation, dehydration, clearing, wax embedding, sectioning, staining and mounting of leaf and root sections for microscopical examination at 400x. Once infection occurred in the roots, the pathogen moved through the vascular system to colonize the whole plant. At first, it grew in the intercellular spaces of the root cortex but soon invaded the cells, followed by colonization of the cells by its hyphae and microconidia. At later stages of infection, the cortex tissue became completely disorganized and decomposed as the pathogen advance to the shoot system via the vessel elements; this may be responsible for the early wilting symptom of infected plants arising from the severe water stress due to blockage of the xylem tissues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=onion" title="onion">onion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infection" title=" infection"> infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusaria" title=" fusaria"> fusaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inoculation" title=" inoculation"> inoculation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68354/histopathological-features-of-infections-caused-by-fusarium-equiseti-mart-sacc-in-onion-plants-from-kebbi-state-northern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">245</span> Effect of Viscosity on Propagation of MHD Waves in Astrophysical Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemayehu%20Mengesha">Alemayehu Mengesha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Belay"> Solomon Belay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We determine the general dispersion relation for the propagation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in an astrophysical plasma by considering the effect of viscosity with an anisotropic pressure tensor. Basic MHD equations have been derived and linearized by the method of perturbation to develop the general form of the dispersion relation equation. Our result indicates that an astrophysical plasma with an anisotropic pressure tensor is stable in the presence of viscosity and a strong magnetic field at considerable wavelength. Currently, we are doing the numerical analysis of this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=astrophysical" title="astrophysical">astrophysical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instability" title=" instability"> instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHD" title=" MHD"> MHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelength" title=" wavelength"> wavelength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47904/effect-of-viscosity-on-propagation-of-mhd-waves-in-astrophysical-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">244</span> On Hankel Matrices Approach to Interpolation Problem in Infinite and Finite Fields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Baravy">Ivan Baravy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interpolation problem, as it was initially posed in terms of polynomials, is well researched. However, further mathematical developments extended it significantly. Trigonometric interpolation is widely used in Fourier analysis, while its generalized representation as exponential interpolation is applicable to such problem of mathematical physics as modelling of Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark repulsive interatomic potentials. Formulated for finite fields, this problem arises in decoding Reed--Solomon codes. This paper shows the relation between different interpretations of the problem through the class of matrices of special structure - Hankel matrices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berlekamp-Massey%20algorithm" title="Berlekamp-Massey algorithm">Berlekamp-Massey algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20interpolation" title=" exponential interpolation"> exponential interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20fields" title=" finite fields"> finite fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hankel%20matrices" title=" Hankel matrices"> Hankel matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hankel%20polynomials" title=" Hankel polynomials"> Hankel polynomials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21861/on-hankel-matrices-approach-to-interpolation-problem-in-infinite-and-finite-fields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">243</span> Effects of Supplementation of Nano-Particle Zinc Oxide and Mannan-Oligosaccharide (MOS) on Growth, Feed Utilization, Fatty Acid Profile, Intestinal Morphology, and Hematology in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tewodros%20Abate%20Alemayehu">Tewodros Abate Alemayehu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abebe%20Getahun"> Abebe Getahun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akewake%20Geremew"> Akewake Geremew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawit%20Solomon%20Demeke"> Dawit Solomon Demeke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Recha"> John Recha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawit%20Solomon"> Dawit Solomon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebremedihin%20Ambaw"> Gebremedihin Ambaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fasil%20Dawit%20Moges"> Fasil Dawit Moges</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of supplementation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and Mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) on growth performance, feed utilization, fatty acid profiles, hematology, and intestinal morphology of Chamo strain Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fry reared at optimal temperature (28.62 ± 0.11 ⁰C). Nile tilapia fry (initial weight 1.45 ± 0.01g) were fed basal diet/control diet (Diet-T1), 6 g kg-¹ MOS supplemented diet (Diet-T2), 4 mg ZnO-NPs supplemented diet (Diet-T3), 4 mg ZnO-Bulk supplemented diet (Diet-T4), a combination of 6 g kg-¹ MOS and 4 mg ZnO-Bulk supplemented diet (Diet-T5) and combination of 6 g kg-¹ MOS and 4 mg ZnO-NPs supplemented diet (Diet-T6). Randomly, duplicate aquariums for each diet were assigned and hand-fed to apparent satiation three times daily (08:00, 12:00, and 16:00) for 12 weeks. Fish fed MOS, ZnO-NPs, and a combination of MOS and ZnO-Bulk supplemented diet had higher weight gain, Daily Growth Rate (DGR), and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) than fish fed the basal diet and other feeding groups, although the effect was not significant. According to the GC analysis, Nile tilapia was supplemented with 6 g kg-¹ MOS, 4 mg ZnO-NPs, or a combination of ZnO-NPs, and MOS showed the highest content of EPA, DHA, and higher ratios of PUFA/SFA than other feeding groups. Mean villi length in the proximal and middle portion of the Nile tilapia intestine was affected significantly (p<0.05) by diet. Fish fed Diet-T2 and Diet-T3 had significantly higher villi lengths in the proximal and middle portions of the intestine compared to other feeding groups. The inclusion of additives significantly improved goblet numbers at the proximal, middle, and distal portions of the intestine. Supplementation of additives had also improved some hematological parameters compared with control groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of additives MOS and ZnO-NPs could confer benefits on growth performance, fatty acid profiles, hematology, and intestinal morphology of Chamo strain Nile tilapia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chamo%20strain%20nile%20tilapia" title="chamo strain nile tilapia">chamo strain nile tilapia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid%20profile" title=" fatty acid profile"> fatty acid profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematology" title=" hematology"> hematology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intestinal%20morphology" title=" intestinal morphology"> intestinal morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOS" title=" MOS"> MOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO-Bulk" title=" ZnO-Bulk"> ZnO-Bulk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO-NPs" title=" ZnO-NPs"> ZnO-NPs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175396/effects-of-supplementation-of-nano-particle-zinc-oxide-and-mannan-oligosaccharide-mos-on-growth-feed-utilization-fatty-acid-profile-intestinal-morphology-and-hematology-in-nile-tilapia-oreochromis-niloticus-l-fry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> Entrepreneurial Innovation and Challenges of Growth: Perspective from a Developing Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Danjuma">Ibrahim Danjuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahiru%20Dauda%20Hammawa"> Dahiru Dauda Hammawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Economic growth and development can be driven by entrepreneurial innovation. The Nigerian economy has faced numerous obstacles over the past few years, including the energy crisis, the death and winding up of many small and medium enterprises, high unemployment rates, and escalating inflation, amongst others. Entrepreneurial innovation has emerged as a potential catalyst for revitalizing the troubled economy and driving sustainable growth. Entrepreneurial innovation can revitalize key industries and foster job creation. This paper proposes significant options as key drivers to entrepreneurial innovation that can take the troubled Nigerian economy out of the woods. It also discusses the significance of government assistance and regulatory actions in fostering entrepreneurial creativity. It argues that initiatives such as funding support, infrastructure development, and regulatory reforms are necessary for fostering a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem in Nigeria in order to unlock the full potential of innovative entrepreneurs. Finally, the paper emphasizes the transformative power of entrepreneurial innovation in revamping the troubled Nigerian economy and calls for concerted efforts by all stakeholders to harness its potential for sustainable growth and development. By fostering a culture of innovation, fostering entrepreneurship, and supporting emerging ventures, Nigeria can overcome its economic challenges and pave the way for a prosperous future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20innovation" title="entrepreneurial innovation">entrepreneurial innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20ecosystem" title=" entrepreneurial ecosystem"> entrepreneurial ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=troubled%20economy" title=" troubled economy"> troubled economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190556/entrepreneurial-innovation-and-challenges-of-growth-perspective-from-a-developing-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> Performance Analysis of Domotics System as Real-Time Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dauda%20A.%20Oladosu">Dauda A. Oladosu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamorudeen%20A%20Olaiya"> Kamorudeen A Olaiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurahman%20Bello"> Abdurahman Bello</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The deployment of smart meters by utility providers to gather fine grained spatiotemporal consumption data has grossly influenced the consumers’ emotion and behavior towards energy utilization. The quest for reduction in power consumption is now a subject of concern and one the methods adopted by the consumers to achieve this is Non-intrusive Load (appliance) Monitoring. Hence, this work presents performance Analysis of Domotics System as a tool for load monitoring when integrated with Consumer Control Unit of residential building. The system was developed with basic elements which enhance remote sensing, DTMF (Dual Tone Multi-frequency) recognition and cryptic messaging when specific task was performed. To demonstrate its applicability and suitability, this prototype was used consistently for six months at different load demands and the utilities consumed were documented. The results obtained shows good response when phone dialed, and the packet delivery of feedback SMS was quite satisfactory, making the implemented system to be of good quality with affordable cost and performs the desired functions. Besides, comparative analysis showed notable reduction in energy consumption and invariably lessened electrical bill of the consumer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title="automation">automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domotics" title=" domotics"> domotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load" title=" load"> load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote" title=" remote"> remote</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schedule" title=" schedule"> schedule</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69663/performance-analysis-of-domotics-system-as-real-time-non-intrusive-load-monitoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Musa%20Dauda&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Musa%20Dauda&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Musa%20Dauda&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Musa%20Dauda&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Musa%20Dauda&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Musa%20Dauda&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Musa%20Dauda&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Musa%20Dauda&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Musa%20Dauda&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>