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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origens_da_Idade_do_Bronze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origens_da_Idade_do_Bronze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origens da Idade do Bronze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origens_da_Idade_do_Bronze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Javé_e_a_ascensão_do_monoteísmo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Javé_e_a_ascensão_do_monoteísmo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Javé e a ascensão do monoteísmo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Javé_e_a_ascensão_do_monoteísmo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proibição_de_imagens" 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Javé</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 53 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D9%87" title="يهوه — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يهوه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D9%87" title="يهوه — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يهوه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahve" title="Yahve — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yahve" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Yahweh" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Яхве — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Яхве" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Яхве — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Яхве" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D" title="ইয়াহওয়েহ্ — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইয়াহওয়েহ্" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡ་ཝེ། — tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡ་ཝེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahv%C3%A8_(antic_D%C3%A9u_d%27Israel_i_Jud%C3%A0)" title="Jahvè (antic Déu d'Israel i Judà) — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jahvè (antic Déu d'Israel i Judà)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehofa" title="Jehofa — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jehofa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B2%CE%AD" title="Γιαχβέ — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιαχβέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Yahweh" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_Javeo" title="Biblia Javeo — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biblia Javeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yahweh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahve" title="Jahve — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jahve" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D9%87" title="یهوه — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یهوه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahve" title="Jahve — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jahve" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yahweh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%94" title="יהוה — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יהוה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="यहोवा — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यहोवा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%BE%D5%A5" title="Յահվե — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յահվե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahveh" title="Jahveh — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jahveh" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahwe" title="Yahwe — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yahwe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yahweh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7" title="ヤハウェ — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤハウェ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%ED%9B%BC" title="야훼 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야훼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Яхве — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Яхве" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh — lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Yahweh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaw%C3%A9" title="Yawé — lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Yawé" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahv%C4%97" title="Jahvė — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jahvė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iahveh" title="Iahveh — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Iahveh" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Јехова — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јехова" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="यहोवा — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यहोवा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahve" title="Jahve — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jahve" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahve" title="Yahve — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Yahve" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahwe" title="Jahwe — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jahwe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Яхве — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Яхве" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahve" title="Jahve — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jahve" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yahweh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahve" title="Jahve — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jahve" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahvei" title="Jahvei — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jahvei" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Јахве — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јахве" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahve" title="Jahve — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jahve" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87" title="யாவே — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யாவே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%B3%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Яҳува — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Яҳува" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="พระยาห์เวห์ — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระยาห์เวห์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Yahweh" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahveh" title="Yahveh — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yahveh" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Ягве — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ягве" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%81" title="یہوواہ — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یہوواہ" 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> Para outros significados, veja <a href="/wiki/Jeov%C3%A1" title="Jeová">Jeová</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Jah" title="Jah">Jah</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Zeus_Yahweh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Zeus_Yahweh.jpg/290px-Zeus_Yahweh.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Zeus_Yahweh.jpg/435px-Zeus_Yahweh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Zeus_Yahweh.jpg/580px-Zeus_Yahweh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1602" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>Uma moeda de <a href="/wiki/Dracma" title="Dracma">dracma</a> do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século IV a.C.</span> da <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Aquem%C3%AAnida" title="Império Aquemênida">província aquemênida</a> de <a href="/wiki/Je%C3%BAde" title="Jeúde">Jeúde</a>, possivelmente representando Javé sentado em um trono de sol com asas e rodas</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Javé</b> (em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_hebraica" title="Língua hebraica">hebraico</a>: <span lang="he"> יהוה</span>) — <i><a href="/wiki/YHWH" title="YHWH">YAHWEH</a></i>) foi o deus nacional dos reinos de <a href="/wiki/Reino_de_Israel" title="Reino de Israel">Israel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Reino_de_Jud%C3%A1" title="Reino de Judá">Judá</a>, ambos reinos coexistiram durante a <a href="/wiki/Idade_do_Ferro" title="Idade do Ferro">Idade do Ferro</a> no <a href="/wiki/Levante_(Mediterr%C3%A2neo)" title="Levante (Mediterrâneo)">Levante</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1986110_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1986110-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Suas origens exatas são contestadas, apesar de remontarem à Idade do Ferro primitiva e até à <a href="/wiki/Idade_do_Bronze" title="Idade do Bronze">Idade do Bronze</a> tardia:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith201096-98_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith201096-98-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller20001_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller20001-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> seu nome pode ter começado como um epíteto de <a href="/wiki/El_(deus)" class="mw-redirect" title="El (deus)">El</a>, o principal deus do <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_cananeia" title="Mitologia cananeia">panteão cananeu</a> da Idade do Bronze,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDijkstra200192_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDijkstra200192-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> mas as mais antigas menções plausíveis de Javé estão em <a href="/wiki/Literatura_do_Antigo_Egito" title="Literatura do Antigo Egito">textos egípcios</a> que se referem a um nome de local de sonoridade semelhante associado aos <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B4mades" class="mw-redirect" title="Nômades">nômades</a> <a href="/wiki/Shasu" title="Shasu">shasu</a> do sul da <a href="/wiki/Transjord%C3%A2nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transjordânia">Transjordânia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDever2003b128_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2003b128-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Na mais antiga literatura bíblica, Javé é um típico "guerreiro divino" do <a href="/wiki/Oriente_M%C3%A9dio" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriente Médio">Oriente Médio</a>, que lidera o exército celestial contra os inimigos de Israel;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackett2001158–59_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackett2001158–59-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> ele mais tarde se tornou o principal deus do reino de Israel (Samaria) e de Judá,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200272_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200272-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> e com o tempo a corte real e o <a href="/wiki/Templo_de_Jerusal%C3%A9m" title="Templo de Jerusalém">templo</a> promoveram Javé como o deus de todo o <a href="/wiki/Cosmos" title="Cosmos">cosmos</a>, possuindo todas as qualidades positivas anteriormente atribuídas aos outros deuses e deusas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyatt201069–70_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyatt201069–70-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> No final do <a href="/wiki/Ex%C3%ADlio_babil%C3%B4nico" class="mw-redirect" title="Exílio babilônico">exílio babilônico</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;">século VI a.C.</span>), a própria existência de deuses estrangeiros foi negada e Javé passou a ser proclamado como o <a href="/wiki/Divindade_criadora" title="Divindade criadora">criador do universo</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Deus" title="Deus">verdadeiro deus</a> de todo o mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origens_da_Idade_do_Bronze">Origens da Idade do Bronze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jav%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Origens da Idade do Bronze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jav%C3%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Origens da Idade do Bronze"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:El,_the_Canaanite_creator_deity,_Megiddo,_Stratum_VII,_Late_Bronze_II,_1400-1200_BC,_bronze_with_gold_leaf_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum,_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07734.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/El%2C_the_Canaanite_creator_deity%2C_Megiddo%2C_Stratum_VII%2C_Late_Bronze_II%2C_1400-1200_BC%2C_bronze_with_gold_leaf_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07734.JPG/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/El%2C_the_Canaanite_creator_deity%2C_Megiddo%2C_Stratum_VII%2C_Late_Bronze_II%2C_1400-1200_BC%2C_bronze_with_gold_leaf_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07734.JPG/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/El%2C_the_Canaanite_creator_deity%2C_Megiddo%2C_Stratum_VII%2C_Late_Bronze_II%2C_1400-1200_BC%2C_bronze_with_gold_leaf_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07734.JPG/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>Estátua de <a href="/wiki/El_(deus)" class="mw-redirect" title="El (deus)">El</a>, a principal <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_cananeia" title="Mitologia cananeia">divindade cananeia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Quase não há acordo sobre as origens de Javé.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaiser2017unpaginated_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaiser2017unpaginated-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Seu nome não é atestado a não ser entre os <a href="/wiki/Israelitas" title="Israelitas">israelitas</a> e parece não ter nenhuma <a href="/wiki/Etimologia" title="Etimologia">etimologia</a> razoável (<i>Ehyeh ašer ehyeh</i>, ou "Eu Sou o que Eu Sou", a explicação apresentada em <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Axodo" title="Êxodo">Êxodo</a> 3:14, parece ser um brilho teológico tardio inventado para explicar o nome Javé no momento em que o significado foi perdido).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2004326_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffman2004326-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParke-Taylor197551_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParke-Taylor197551-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ele não parece ter sido um <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_cananeia" title="Mitologia cananeia">deus cananeu</a>, embora os israelitas fossem originalmente <a href="/wiki/Cananeus" title="Cananeus">cananeus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay200215_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay200215-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDever2003b125_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2003b125-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> O chefe do panteão cananeu era <a href="/wiki/El_(deus)" class="mw-redirect" title="El (deus)">El</a> e uma teoria sustenta que a palavra <i>Yahwehu</i> é baseada no hebraico HYH/HWH, que significa "causa para existir", como uma forma abreviada da frase <i>ˀel ḏū yahwī ṣabaˀôt</i>, (em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_fen%C3%ADcia" title="Língua fenícia">fenício</a>: <i>El 𐤃 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 𐤑𐤁𐤀𐤕</i>) "El que cria as hostes", que significa a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoste_celestial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoste celestial (página não existe)">hoste celestial</a> que acompanha El ao marchar ao lado os exércitos terrestres de Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller20002_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller20002-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaiser2017unpaginated_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaiser2017unpaginated-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> O argumento tem inúmeras fraquezas, incluindo, entre outros, os caracteres diferentes dos dois deuses e o fato de que <i>el dū yahwī ṣaba'ôt</i> não é em nenhum lugar atestado dentro ou fora da Bíblia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay200213-14_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay200213-14-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A mais antiga ocorrência plausível registrada de Javé é como um <a href="/wiki/Top%C3%B4nimo" class="mw-redirect" title="Topônimo">topônimo</a>, "terra de <a href="/wiki/Shasu" title="Shasu">shasu</a> de yhw", em uma inscrição <a href="/wiki/Egito_Antigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Egito Antigo">egípcia</a> da época de <a href="/wiki/Amenotepe_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenotepe III">Amenotepe III</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(<abbr title="reinado">r.</abbr> 1402–1363 a.C.)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedmanO'ConnorRinggren1986520_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedmanO'ConnorRinggren1986520-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2015510_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2015510-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> Os shasu eram <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B4mades" class="mw-redirect" title="Nômades">nômades</a> de <a href="/wiki/Midi%C3%A3" title="Midiã">Midiã</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edom</a> no norte da <a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A1bia" title="Arábia">Arábia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2007151_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2007151-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> Neste caso, uma etimologia plausível para o nome poderia ser da raiz HWY, que produziria o significado "ele sopra", apropriado a uma divindade do tempo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDicou1994167–81,_177_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDicou1994167–81,_177-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2015101_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2015101-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> Há um apoio considerável, mas não universal, a esta visão,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2007153_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2007153-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> mas levanta a questão de como ele se dirigiu para o norte.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A amplamente aceita hipótese <a href="/wiki/Queneus" title="Queneus">quenita</a> sustenta que os comerciantes trouxeram Javé a Israel ao longo das rotas das caravanas entre o <a href="/wiki/Egito_Antigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Egito Antigo">Egito</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cana%C3%A3" title="Canaã">Canaã</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912–13_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912–13-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> A força da hipótese dos quenitas é que ela une vários pontos de dados, como a ausência de Javé em Canaã, suas ligações com Edom e Midiã nas histórias bíblicas e os laços quenitas ou <a href="/wiki/Midianitas" title="Midianitas">midianitas</a> de <a href="/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s" title="Moisés">Moisés</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> Entretanto, embora seja inteiramente plausível que os <a href="/wiki/Queneus" title="Queneus">queneus</a> e outros povos tenham introduzido Javé a Israel, é improvável que o tenham feito fora das fronteiras de Israel ou sob a égide de Moisés, como a história do Êxodo descreve.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912–913_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912–913-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1995247–48_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1995247–48-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Javé_e_a_ascensão_do_monoteísmo"><span id="Jav.C3.A9_e_a_ascens.C3.A3o_do_monote.C3.ADsmo"></span>Javé e a ascensão do monoteísmo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jav%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Javé e a ascensão do monoteísmo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jav%C3%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Javé e a ascensão do monoteísmo"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg/220px-Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg/330px-Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg/440px-Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salom%C3%A3o" title="Salomão">Salomão</a> dedica o templo em Jerusalém (pintura de <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a> ou seguidor, c. 1896-1902)</figcaption></figure> <p>O Israel pré-exílo, como seus vizinhos, era <a href="/wiki/Polite%C3%ADsmo" title="Politeísmo">politeísta</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbertz199461_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbertz199461-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> sendo que o <a href="/wiki/Monote%C3%ADsmo" title="Monoteísmo">monoteísmo</a> israelita foi resultado de circunstâncias históricas únicas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGnuse1997214_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGnuse1997214-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> O deus original de Israel era <a href="/wiki/El_(deus)" class="mw-redirect" title="El (deus)">El</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomer2014unpaginated_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomer2014unpaginated-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> No início do <a href="/wiki/Tribos_de_Israel" title="Tribos de Israel">período tribal</a>, cada tribo teria seu próprio <a href="/wiki/Divindade_tutelar" title="Divindade tutelar">deus patrono</a>; quando a realeza emergiu, o Estado promoveu Javé como o deus nacional de Israel, supremo sobre os outros deuses, e gradualmente Javé absorveu todos os traços positivos dos outros deuses e deusas do panteão.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Javé e El fundiram-se em centros religiosos como <a href="/wiki/Siqu%C3%A9m" title="Siquém">Siquém</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiloh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiloh (página não existe)">Shiloh</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A9m" title="Jerusalém">Jerusalém</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2001140_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2001140-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> com o nome de El tornando-se um termo genérico para "deus" e Javé, o deus nacional, apropriando-se de muitos dos títulos do deus supremo mais antigo, como <a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai" title="El Shaddai">El Shaddai</a> (Todo Poderoso) e <a href="/wiki/Elyon" title="Elyon">Elyon</a> (Altíssimo).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200233,_47_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200233,_47-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aser%C3%A1" title="Aserá">Aserá</a>, anteriormente esposa de El, era adorada como <a href="/wiki/Casamento" title="Casamento">consorte</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiehr199554,_57_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiehr199554,_57-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> ou mãe de Javé;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker201280–86_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker201280–86-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> cerâmicas descobertas em Khirbet el-Kôm e <a href="/wiki/Kuntillet_Ajrud" title="Kuntillet Ajrud">Kuntillet Ajrûd</a> fazem referência a "Javé e sua Aserá",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVriezenvan_der_Woude200517–18_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVriezenvan_der_Woude200517–18-34"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker201232_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker201232-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup> e várias passagens bíblicas indicam que suas estátuas foram guardadas em seus templos em Jerusalém, <a href="/wiki/Betel" title="Betel">Betel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckerman2003395_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman2003395-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2012154–157_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2012154–157-37"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> Javé também pode ter se apropriado de <a href="/wiki/Anat" class="mw-redirect" title="Anat">Anat</a>, a esposa de <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a>, como sua consorte, como Anat-Yahu ("Anat de Yahu", isto é, Javé) é mencionado nos registros do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século V a.C.</span> da colônia judaica em <a href="/wiki/Elefantina" title="Elefantina">Elefantina</a> no Egito.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay2002143_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay2002143-38"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup> Uma deusa chamada a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainha_do_C%C3%A9u_(antiguidade)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rainha do Céu (antiguidade) (página não existe)">Rainha do Céu</a> <small style="font-style:normal; position:relative; top:-0.2em;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven_(antiquity)" class="extiw" title="en:Queen of Heaven (antiquity)"><span title=""Queen of Heaven (antiquity)" na Wikipédia em English">en</span></a>]</small> também era adorada, provavelmente uma fusão de <a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a> e a deusa mesopotâmica <a href="/wiki/Inana" title="Inana">Istar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckerman2003395_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman2003395-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup> possivelmente um título de Aserá.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker201241_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker201241-39"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup> A adoração de Baal e Javé coexistiram no período inicial da história de Israel, mas eles passaram a ser considerados irreconciliáveis após o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século IX a.C.</span>, seguindo os esforços do rei <a href="/wiki/Acabe" title="Acabe">Acabe</a> e sua rainha <a href="/wiki/Jezabel" title="Jezabel">Jezabel</a> para elevar Baal ao <i>status</i> de deus nacional,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200247_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200247-40"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> embora o culto a Baal tenha continuado por algum tempo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200274_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200274-41"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A adoração a Javé começou com <a href="/wiki/Elias" title="Elias">Elias</a> no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século IX a.C.</span>, mas mais provavelmente com o profeta <a href="/wiki/Oseias" title="Oseias">Oseias</a> no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século VIII a.C.</span>; mesmo assim, permaneceu como uma adoração de um pequeno grupo antes de ganhar ascendência no exílio e no início do período pós-exílio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbertz199461_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbertz199461-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> Os primeiros defensores desta facção são amplamente considerados <a href="/wiki/Monolatria" title="Monolatria">monolatristas</a> ao invés de verdadeiros monoteístas;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEakin197170_e_263_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEakin197170_e_263-42"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> eles não acreditavam que Javé era o único deus existente, mas acreditavam que ele era o único deus que o povo de Israel deveria adorar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKenzie19901287_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKenzie19901287-43"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup> Finalmente, na crise nacional do exílio, os seguidores de Javé deram um passo à frente e passaram a negar que outras divindades, além de Javé, existissem, marcando assim a transição da monolatria para o verdadeiro monoteísmo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proibição_de_imagens"><span id="Proibi.C3.A7.C3.A3o_de_imagens"></span>Proibição de imagens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jav%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Proibição de imagens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jav%C3%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Proibição de imagens"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Javé, de acordo com a <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ADblia_hebraica" title="Bíblia hebraica">Bíblia hebraica</a>, os antigos israelenses foram proibidos de criar representações de Javé, como um dos <a href="/wiki/Dez_Mandamentos" title="Dez Mandamentos">10 Mandamentos</a>. Declarou que "<i>Não farás para ti nenhum ídolo, nenhuma imagem de qualquer coisa no céu, na terra, ou nas águas debaixo da terra.</i> "(<a href="/wiki/Livro_do_%C3%8Axodo" title="Livro do Êxodo">Êxodo 20:4</a>). </p><p>Arqueólogos descobriram a cabeça de 5 cm de altura nas ruínas de um grande edifício que pode ter sido um palácio de Khirbet Qeiyafa, em <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Como a base do pescoço da figura é bem trabalhada, é provável que a cabeça era presa a outro objeto, um corpo ou um vaso de cerâmica. Com a parte superior plana, a cabeça tem olhos, orelhas e nariz salientes e, como as orelhas são perfuradas, a figura pode ter usado brincos.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> Ao redor do topo da cabeça há um círculo de orifícios, que podem fazer parte de um toucado. O período de cerca de 3.000 anos é o período em que muitos eventos na Bíblia Hebraica podem ter ocorrido. Por exemplo, o rei Salomão, se ele existisse, pode ter vivido nessa época.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup> Os arqueólogos acreditam que as pessoas que viviam em Khirbet Qeifaya naquela época adoravam Javé. Embora pesquisas arqueológicas e históricas indiquem que, há cerca de 3.000 anos, Javé nem sequer era adorado na região, muito menos ele era o único deus de Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sincretismo_greco-romano">Sincretismo greco-romano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jav%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Sincretismo greco-romano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jav%C3%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Sincretismo greco-romano"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Decl%C3%ADnio_do_polite%C3%ADsmo_greco-romano" title="Declínio do politeísmo greco-romano">Declínio do politeísmo greco-romano</a></div> <p>Javé é frequentemente invocado em textos mágicos <a href="/wiki/Mundo_greco-romano" title="Mundo greco-romano">greco-romanos</a> que datam do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século II a.C.</span> até o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">V d.C.</span>, mais notavelmente nos <a href="/wiki/Papiros_M%C3%A1gicos_Gregos" class="mw-redirect" title="Papiros Mágicos Gregos">Papiros Mágicos Gregos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetz1996_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBetz1996-47"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup> sob os nomes <a href="/wiki/YHWH" title="YHWH">Iao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adonai" title="Adonai">Adonai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabaoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaoth">Sabaoth</a> e <a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Eloai</a>. Nesses textos, ele é frequentemente mencionado ao lado de <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_greco-romana" title="Mitologia greco-romana">divindades greco-romanas</a> tradicionais e também <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_eg%C3%ADpcia" title="Mitologia egípcia">divindades egípcias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996b242–56_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996b242–56-48"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup> Os <a href="/wiki/Arcanjo" title="Arcanjo">arcanjos</a> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_(arcanjo)" title="Miguel (arcanjo)">Miguel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_(arcanjo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel (arcanjo)">Gabriel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rafael_(arcanjo)" title="Rafael (arcanjo)">Rafael</a> e <a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a> e os heróis culturais judeus, como <a href="/wiki/Abra%C3%A3o" title="Abraão">Abraão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jac%C3%B3" title="Jacó">Jacó</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s" title="Moisés">Moisés</a>, também são invocados com frequência.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold1996_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold1996-49"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup> A ocorrência frequente do nome de Javé deve-se provavelmente a magos gregos e romanos que procuram tornar seus feitiços mais poderosos através da invocação de uma prestigiosa divindade estrangeira.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996b242–256_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996b242–256-50"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uma moeda cunhada em Pompeia para celebrar a conquista da Judeia mostra uma figura de joelhos agarrando um galho com as palavras escritas <i>BACCHIVS IVDAEVS</i>, ou "o <a href="/wiki/Baco" title="Baco">Baco</a> judeu".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott2015169–172_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott2015169–172-51"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup> De maneira similar, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1cito" title="Tácito">Tácito</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C3%A3o_L%C3%ADdio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="João Lídio (página não existe)">João Lídio</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corn%C3%A9lio_Labeo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornélio Labeo (página não existe)">Cornélio Labeo</a>, todos identificam Javé com o <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_grega" title="Mitologia grega">deus grego</a> <a href="/wiki/Dion%C3%ADsio" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionísio">Dionísio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDonough199988_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonough199988-52"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup> Os próprios <a href="/wiki/Judeus" title="Judeus">judeus</a> frequentemente usavam símbolos que também eram associados a Dionísio, como <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADlice" title="Cílice">cílices</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%82nfora" title="Ânfora">ânforas</a>, folhas de hera e cachos de uvas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996a233_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996a233-53"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup> Em sua <i><a href="/wiki/Moralia" title="Moralia">Quaestiones Convivales</a></i>, o escritor grego <a href="/wiki/Plutarco" title="Plutarco">Plutarco</a> escreve que os judeus saúdam seu deus com gritos de "<i>euoi</i>" e "<i>sabi</i>", frases associadas com a adoração de Dionísio.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDonough199989_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonough199989-55"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996a232–233_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996a232–233-56"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup> De acordo com Sean M. McDonough, os falantes de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega_antiga" title="Língua grega antiga">grego</a> podem ter confundido palavras <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_aramaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Língua aramaica">aramaicas</a> como <i><a href="/wiki/Sabbath" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbath">sabbath</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aleluia" title="Aleluia">aleluia</a></i> ou mesmo possivelmente alguma variante do nome Javé para termos mais familiares associados a Dionísio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDonough199989–90_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonough199989–90-57"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jav%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jav%C3%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeov%C3%A1" title="Jeová">Jeová</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jah" title="Jah">Jah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetragrama_YHWH" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetragrama YHWH">Tetragrama YHWH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javismo" title="Javismo">Javismo</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1986110-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1986110_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1986">Miller 1986</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith201096-98-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith201096-98_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2010">Smith 2010</a>, p. 96-98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller20001-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller20001_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2000">Miller 2000</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDijkstra200192-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDijkstra200192_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDijkstra2001">Dijkstra 2001</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2003b128-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDever2003b128_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDever2003b">Dever 2003b</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackett2001158–59-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackett2001158–59_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHackett2001">Hackett 2001</a>, pp. 158–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200272-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200272_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2002">Smith 2002</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyatt201069–70-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyatt201069–70_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWyatt2010">Wyatt 2010</a>, pp. 69–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917_9-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917_9-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917_9-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetz2000917_9-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBetz2000">Betz 2000</a>, p. 917.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaiser2017unpaginated-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaiser2017unpaginated_10-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaiser2017unpaginated_10-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaiser2017">Kaiser 2017</a>, p. unpaginated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffman2004326-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2004326_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoffman2004">Hoffman 2004</a>, p. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParke-Taylor197551-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParke-Taylor197551_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParke-Taylor1975">Parke-Taylor 1975</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay200215-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay200215_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDay2002">Day 2002</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2003b125-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDever2003b125_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDever2003b">Dever 2003b</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller20002-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller20002_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2000">Miller 2000</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay200213-14-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay200213-14_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDay2002">Day 2002</a>, p. 13-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedmanO'ConnorRinggren1986520-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedmanO'ConnorRinggren1986520_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreedmanO'ConnorRinggren1986">Freedman, O'Connor & Ringgren 1986</a>, p. 520.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2015510-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2015510_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson2015">Anderson 2015</a>, p. 510.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2007151-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2007151_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrabbe2007">Grabbe 2007</a>, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDicou1994167–81,_177-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDicou1994167–81,_177_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDicou1994">Dicou 1994</a>, pp. 167–81, 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2015101-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2015101_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson2015">Anderson 2015</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2007153-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2007153_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrabbe2007">Grabbe 2007</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912_23-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912_23-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_der_Toorn1999">Van der Toorn 1999</a>, p. 912.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912–13-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912–13_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_der_Toorn1999">Van der Toorn 1999</a>, pp. 912–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912–913-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1999912–913_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_der_Toorn1999">Van der Toorn 1999</a>, pp. 912–913.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1995247–48-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Toorn1995247–48_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_der_Toorn1995">Van der Toorn 1995</a>, pp. 247–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbertz199461-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbertz199461_27-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbertz199461_27-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlbertz1994">Albertz 1994</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGnuse1997214-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGnuse1997214_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGnuse1997">Gnuse 1997</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERomer2014unpaginated-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomer2014unpaginated_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRomer2014">Romer 2014</a>, p. unpaginated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2001140-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2001140_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2001">Smith 2001</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200233,_47-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200233,_47_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2002">Smith 2002</a>, pp. 33, 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiehr199554,_57-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiehr199554,_57_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiehr1995">Niehr 1995</a>, pp. 54, 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker201280–86-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker201280–86_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2012">Barker 2012</a>, pp. 80–86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVriezenvan_der_Woude200517–18-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVriezenvan_der_Woude200517–18_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVriezenvan_der_Woude2005">Vriezen & van der Woude 2005</a>, pp. 17–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker201232-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker201232_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2012">Barker 2012</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman2003395-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckerman2003395_36-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckerman2003395_36-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAckerman2003">Ackerman 2003</a>, p. 395.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2012154–157-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2012154–157_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2012">Barker 2012</a>, pp. 154–157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay2002143-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay2002143_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDay2002">Day 2002</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker201241-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker201241_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2012">Barker 2012</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200247-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200247_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2002">Smith 2002</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200274-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200274_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2002">Smith 2002</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEakin197170_e_263-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEakin197170_e_263_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEakin1971">Eakin 1971</a>, pp. 70 e 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKenzie19901287-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKenzie19901287_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKenzie1990">McKenzie 1990</a>, p. 1287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">cowie, ashley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/yahweh-idol-0014056">«Professors Clash Over Controversial 3,000-Year-Old 'Yahweh' Idol»</a>. <i>www.ancient-origins.net</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de agosto de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Professors+Clash+Over+Controversial+3%2C000-Year-Old+%98Yahweh%99+Idol&rft.aufirst=ashley&rft.aulast=cowie&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ancient-origins.net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancient-origins.net%2Fnews-history-archaeology%2Fyahweh-idol-0014056&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Liberatore, Stacy (31 de julho de 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-8581119/Archaeologist-claims-3-000-year-old-clay-heads-depict-Gods-face-experts-reject-claim.html">«Archaeologist claims 3,000-year-old clay heads depict the face of God»</a>. <i>Mail Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de agosto de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Archaeologist+claims+3%2C000-year-old+clay+heads+depict+the+face+of+God&rft.aufirst=Stacy&rft.aulast=Liberatore&rft.date=2020-07-31&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mail+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fsciencetech%2Farticle-8581119%2FArchaeologist-claims-3-000-year-old-clay-heads-depict-Gods-face-experts-reject-claim.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">July 2020, Owen Jarus-Live Science Contributor 31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/ancient-clay-head-may-depict-god.html">«3,000-year-old head may be face of God»</a>. <i>livescience.com</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de agosto de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=3%2C000-year-old+head+may+be+face+of+God&rft.aufirst=Owen+Jarus-Live+Science+Contributor+31&rft.aulast=July+2020&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=livescience.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2Fancient-clay-head-may-depict-god.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBetz1996-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetz1996_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBetz1996">Betz 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996b242–56-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996b242–56_48-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmithCohen1996b">Smith & Cohen 1996b</a>, pp. 242–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold1996-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold1996_49-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnold1996">Arnold 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996b242–256-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996b242–256_50-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmithCohen1996b">Smith & Cohen 1996b</a>, pp. 242–256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott2015169–172-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott2015169–172_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScott2015">Scott 2015</a>, pp. 169–172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonough199988-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDonough199988_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDonough1999">McDonough 1999</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996a233-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996a233_53-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmithCohen1996a">Smith & Cohen 1996a</a>, p. 233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Plutarco" title="Plutarco">Plutarco</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0312%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D6"><i>Quaestiones Convivales</i>, Question VI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonough199989-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDonough199989_55-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDonough1999">McDonough 1999</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996a232–233-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithCohen1996a232–233_56-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmithCohen1996a">Smith & Cohen 1996a</a>, pp. 232–233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonough199989–90-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDonough199989–90_57-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDonough1999">McDonough 1999</a>, pp. 89–90.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jav%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jav%C3%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bibliografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r60995074">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAckerman2003" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Ackerman_(biblical_scholar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Ackerman (biblical scholar) (página não existe)">Ackerman, Susan</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=khR0apPid8gC&pg=PA394#v=onepage&q=Anat-Yahu%20Yahweh&f=false">«Goddesses»</a>. In: Richard, Suzanne. <i>Near Eastern Archaeology:A Reader</i>. [S.l.]: Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-57506-083-5" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-57506-083-5">978-1-57506-083-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Goddesses&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.aulast=Ackerman&rft.btitle=Near+Eastern+Archaeology%3AA+Reader&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-083-5&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkhR0apPid8gC%26pg%3DPA394%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAnat-Yahu%2520Yahweh%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAhlström1991" class="citation book">Ahlström, Gösta Werner (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=8ocfaZ6NaIMC&pg=PA116">«The Role of Archaeological and Literary Remains in Reconstructing Israel's History»</a>. In: Edelman, Diana Vikander. <i>The Fabric of History: Text, Artifact and Israel's Past</i>. [S.l.]: A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780567491107" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780567491107">9780567491107</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Archaeological+and+Literary+Remains+in+Reconstructing+Israel%27s+History&rft.aufirst=G%C3%B6sta+Werner&rft.aulast=Ahlstr%C3%B6m&rft.btitle=The+Fabric+of+History%3A+Text%2C+Artifact+and+Israel%27s+Past&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780567491107&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D8ocfaZ6NaIMC%26pg%3DPA116&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Ahlström, Gösta Werner (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5cSAlLBZKaAC&pg=PA277"><i>The History of Ancient Palestine</i></a>. [S.l.]: Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8006-2770-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8006-2770-6">978-0-8006-2770-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.au=Ahlstr%C3%B6m%2C+G%C3%B6sta+Werner&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Ancient+Palestine&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8006-2770-6&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5cSAlLBZKaAC%26pg%3DPA277&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAlbertz1994" class="citation book">Albertz, Rainer (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=yvZUWbTftSgC&pg=PA89&dq=%22the+real+centre+of+the+main+cult%22%22three+great+annual+festivals%22#v=onepage&q=%22the%20real%20centre%20of%20the%20main%20cult%22%22three%20great%20annual%20festivals%22&f=false"><i>A History of Israelite Religion, Volume I: From the Beginnings to the End of the Monarchy</i></a>. [S.l.]: Westminster John Knox. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780664227197" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780664227197">9780664227197</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Rainer&rft.aulast=Albertz&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Israelite+Religion%2C+Volume+I%3A+From+the+Beginnings+to+the+End+of+the+Monarchy&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780664227197&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DyvZUWbTftSgC%26pg%3DPA89%26dq%3D%2522the%2Breal%2Bcentre%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bmain%2Bcult%2522%2522three%2Bgreat%2Bannual%2Bfestivals%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522the%2520real%2520centre%2520of%2520the%2520main%2520cult%2522%2522three%2520great%2520annual%2520festivals%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAllen2015" class="citation book">Allen, Spencer L. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=ou9eCAAAQBAJ&pg=PP6&dq=The+Splintered+Divine#v=onepage&q=The%20Splintered%20Divine&f=false"><i>The Splintered Divine: A Study of Istar, Baal, and Yahweh Divine Names and Divine Multiplicity in the Ancient Near East</i></a>. [S.l.]: Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781501500220" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781501500220">9781501500220</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Spencer+L.&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.btitle=The+Splintered+Divine%3A+A+Study+of+Istar%2C+Baal%2C+and+Yahweh+Divine+Names+and+Divine+Multiplicity+in+the+Ancient+Near+East&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781501500220&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dou9eCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP6%26dq%3DThe%2BSplintered%2BDivine%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DThe%2520Splintered%2520Divine%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2015" class="citation book">Anderson, James S. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vr7NCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA101"><i>Monotheism and Yahweh's Appropriation of Baal</i></a>. [S.l.]: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780567663962" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780567663962">9780567663962</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=James+S.&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.btitle=Monotheism+and+Yahweh%27s+Appropriation+of+Baal&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780567663962&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvr7NCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA101&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="barker" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Barker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Barker (página não existe)">Barker, Margaret</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=y63GE5Tw3KMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=978-0664253950#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Great Angel: A Study of Israel's Second God</i></a>. [S.l.]: Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780664253950" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780664253950">9780664253950</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.btitle=The+Great+Angel%3A+A+Study+of+Israel%27s+Second+God&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780664253950&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dy63GE5Tw3KMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3D978-0664253950%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBarker2012" class="citation">Barker, Margaret (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=j1smp_frb6cC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Margaret+Barker+The+Mother+of+the+Lord#v=onepage&q=Margaret%20Barker%20The%20Mother%20of%20the%20Lord&f=false"><i>The Lady in the Temple</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0567362469" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0567362469">978-0567362469</a>, The Mother of the Lord, <b>1</b>, London, England: Bloomsbury T&T Clark</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.btitle=The+Lady+in+the+Temple&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0567362469&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+T%26T+Clark&rft.series=The+Mother+of+the+Lord&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dj1smp_frb6cC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DMargaret%2BBarker%2BThe%2BMother%2Bof%2Bthe%2BLord%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DMargaret%2520Barker%2520The%2520Mother%2520of%2520the%2520Lord%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBecking2001" class="citation book">Becking, Bob (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=eMneBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA189&dq=Only+One+God#v=onepage&q&f=false">«The Gods in Whom They Trusted»</a>. In: Becking, Bob. <i>Only One God?: Monotheism in Ancient Israel and the Veneration of the Goddess Asherah</i>. [S.l.]: A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780567232120" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780567232120">9780567232120</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=The+Gods+in+Whom+They+Trusted&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.aulast=Becking&rft.btitle=Only+One+God%3F%3A+Monotheism+in+Ancient+Israel+and+the+Veneration+of+the+Goddess+Asherah&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780567232120&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DeMneBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA189%26dq%3DOnly%2BOne%2BGod%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBennett2002" class="citation book">Bennett, Harold V. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=2wunawFdWaMC&pg=PA83&dq=%22Shiloh,+Bethel,+Gilgal,+Mizpah,+Ramah,+and+Dan%22#v=onepage&q=%22Shiloh%2C%20Bethel%2C%20Gilgal%2C%20Mizpah%2C%20Ramah%2C%20and%20Dan%22&f=false"><i>Injustice Made Legal: Deuteronomic Law and the Plight of Widows, Strangers, and Orphans in Ancient Israel</i></a>. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780802839091" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780802839091">9780802839091</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Harold+V.&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.btitle=Injustice+Made+Legal%3A+Deuteronomic+Law+and+the+Plight+of+Widows%2C+Strangers%2C+and+Orphans+in+Ancient+Israel&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780802839091&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D2wunawFdWaMC%26pg%3DPA83%26dq%3D%2522Shiloh%2C%2BBethel%2C%2BGilgal%2C%2BMizpah%2C%2BRamah%2C%2Band%2BDan%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Shiloh%252C%2520Bethel%252C%2520Gilgal%252C%2520Mizpah%252C%2520Ramah%252C%2520and%2520Dan%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBerquist2007" class="citation book">Berquist, Jon L. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=X8uK-dZr_BAC&pg=PA3&dq=%22a+new+image+of+Yehud+has+emerged%22#v=onepage&q=%22a%20new%20image%20of%20Yehud%20has%20emerged%22&f=false"><i>Approaching Yehud: New Approaches to the Study of the Persian Period</i></a>. [S.l.]: SBL Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781589831452" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781589831452">9781589831452</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Jon+L.&rft.aulast=Berquist&rft.btitle=Approaching+Yehud%3A+New+Approaches+to+the+Study+of+the+Persian+Period&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781589831452&rft.pub=SBL+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DX8uK-dZr_BAC%26pg%3DPA3%26dq%3D%2522a%2Bnew%2Bimage%2Bof%2BYehud%2Bhas%2Bemerged%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522a%2520new%2520image%2520of%2520Yehud%2520has%2520emerged%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBetz2000" class="citation book">Betz, Arnold Gottfried (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA917#v=onepage&q=bible%20monotheism%20Betz&f=false">«Monotheism»</a>. In: Freedman, David Noel; Myer, Allen C. <i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i>. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-9053565032" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-9053565032">978-9053565032</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Monotheism&rft.aufirst=Arnold+Gottfried&rft.aulast=Betz&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-9053565032&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26pg%3DPA917%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dbible%2520monotheism%2520Betz%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBetz1996" class="citation book">Betz, Hans Dieter (1996). <i>The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation Including the Demonic Spells</i> 2 ed. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0226044477" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0226044477">978-0226044477</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Hans+Dieter&rft.aulast=Betz&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Magical+Papyri+in+Translation+Including+the+Demonic+Spells&rft.date=1996&rft.edition=2&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0226044477&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChalmers2012" class="citation book">Chalmers, Aaron (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=v1epAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT123&dq=%22The+OT+points+to+a+close+association+between+Yahweh+and+El%22#v=onepage&q=%22The%20OT%20points%20to%20a%20close%20association%20between%20Yahweh%20and%20El%22&f=false"><i>Exploring the Religion of Ancient Israel: Prophet, Priest, Sage and People</i></a>. [S.l.]: SPCK. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780281069002" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780281069002">9780281069002</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.aulast=Chalmers&rft.btitle=Exploring+the+Religion+of+Ancient+Israel%3A+Prophet%2C+Priest%2C+Sage+and+People&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780281069002&rft.pub=SPCK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dv1epAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT123%26dq%3D%2522The%2BOT%2Bpoints%2Bto%2Ba%2Bclose%2Bassociation%2Bbetween%2BYahweh%2Band%2BEl%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522The%2520OT%2520points%2520to%2520a%2520close%2520association%2520between%2520Yahweh%2520and%2520El%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFArnold1996" class="citation book">Arnold, Clinton E. (1996). <i>The Colossian Syncretism: The Interface Between Christianity and Folk Belief at Colossae</i>. Eugene, Oregon: Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-4982-1757-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-4982-1757-6">978-1-4982-1757-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Clinton+E.&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.btitle=The+Colossian+Syncretism%3A+The+Interface+Between+Christianity+and+Folk+Belief+at+Colossae&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4982-1757-6&rft.place=Eugene%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCohen1999" class="citation book">Cohen, Shaye J.D. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=MA-4VX5gWS4C&pg=PA300&dq=Jerusalem+Temple+holy+cosmos+model+reflection#v=onepage&q=Jerusalem%20Temple%20holy%20cosmos%20model%20reflection&f=false">«The Temple and the Synagogue»</a>. In: Finkelstein, Louis; Davies, W. D.; Horbury, William. <i>The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 3, The Early Roman Period</i>. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780521243773" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780521243773">9780521243773</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=The+Temple+and+the+Synagogue&rft.aufirst=Shaye+J.D.&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Judaism%3A+Volume+3%2C+The+Early+Roman+Period&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780521243773&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DMA-4VX5gWS4C%26pg%3DPA300%26dq%3DJerusalem%2BTemple%2Bholy%2Bcosmos%2Bmodel%2Breflection%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DJerusalem%2520Temple%2520holy%2520cosmos%2520model%2520reflection%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCohn2001" class="citation book">Cohn, Norman (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=dXpW9gsIJXsC&pg=PA132&dq=%22Yahweh+became+the+patron+god+of+the+kingdom%22#v=onepage&q=%22Yahweh%20became%20the%20patron%20god%20of%20the%20kingdom%22&f=false"><i>Cosmos, Chaos, and the World to Come: The Ancient Roots of Apocalyptic Faith</i></a>. [S.l.]: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0300090888" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0300090888">978-0300090888</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.btitle=Cosmos%2C+Chaos%2C+and+the+World+to+Come%3A+The+Ancient+Roots+of+Apocalyptic+Faith&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0300090888&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DdXpW9gsIJXsC%26pg%3DPA132%26dq%3D%2522Yahweh%2Bbecame%2Bthe%2Bpatron%2Bgod%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bkingdom%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Yahweh%2520became%2520the%2520patron%2520god%2520of%2520the%2520kingdom%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCollins2005" class="citation book">Collins, John J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=yqClWOhqso0C&pg=PA99&dq=%22Israelite+Religion:+The+Return+of+the+Goddess%22#v=onepage&q=%22Israelite%20Religion%3A%20The%20Return%20of%20the%20Goddess%22&f=false"><i>The Bible After Babel: Historical Criticism in a Postmodern Age</i></a>. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780802828927" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780802828927">9780802828927</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.btitle=The+Bible+After+Babel%3A+Historical+Criticism+in+a+Postmodern+Age&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780802828927&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DyqClWOhqso0C%26pg%3DPA99%26dq%3D%2522Israelite%2BReligion%3A%2BThe%2BReturn%2Bof%2Bthe%2BGoddess%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Israelite%2520Religion%253A%2520The%2520Return%2520of%2520the%2520Goddess%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCooganBrettlerNewsom2007" class="citation book">Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Nc-i_pQsiW8C&pg=PR22&dq=%22fundamental+continuity+with+preexilic+traditions%22#v=onepage&q=%22fundamental%20continuity%20with%20preexilic%20traditions%22&f=false">«Editors' Introduction»</a>. In: Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann. <i>The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books</i>. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780195288803" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780195288803">9780195288803</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Editors%27+Introduction&rft.au=Brettler%2C+Marc+Zvi&rft.au=Newsom%2C+Carol+Ann&rft.aufirst=Michael+David&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.btitle=The+New+Oxford+Annotated+Bible+with+the+Apocryphal%2FDeuterocanonical+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780195288803&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DNc-i_pQsiW8C%26pg%3DPR22%26dq%3D%2522fundamental%2Bcontinuity%2Bwith%2Bpreexilic%2Btraditions%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522fundamental%2520continuity%2520with%2520preexilic%2520traditions%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCooganSmith2012" class="citation book">Coogan, Michael D.; Smith, Mark S. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=G49SJI183IkC"><i>Stories from Ancient Canaan (2nd Edition)</i></a>. [S.l.]: Presbyterian Publishing Corp. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-9053565032" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-9053565032">978-9053565032</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.au=Smith%2C+Mark+S.&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.btitle=Stories+from+Ancient+Canaan+%282nd+Edition%29&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-9053565032&rft.pub=Presbyterian+Publishing+Corp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DG49SJI183IkC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCook2004" class="citation book">Cook, Stephen L. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=4LEA7FnNi-kC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Social Roots of Biblical Yahwism</i></a>. [S.l.]: Society of Biblical Literature. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781589830981" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781589830981">9781589830981</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Stephen+L.&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.btitle=The+Social+Roots+of+Biblical+Yahwism&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781589830981&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D4LEA7FnNi-kC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDarby2014" class="citation book">Darby, Erin (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=q4LXDvCwogQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Interpreting Judean Pillar Figurines: Gender and Empire in Judean Apotropaic Ritual</i></a>. [S.l.]: Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9783161524929" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9783161524929">9783161524929</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.aulast=Darby&rft.btitle=Interpreting+Judean+Pillar+Figurines%3A+Gender+and+Empire+in+Judean+Apotropaic+Ritual&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783161524929&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dq4LXDvCwogQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDaviesRogerson2005" class="citation book">Davies, Philip R.; Rogerson, John (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=1MMF6Titau8C&pg=PA151&dq=%22sacrifices+and+psalms%22#v=onepage&q=%22sacrifices%20and%20psalms%22&f=false"><i>The Old Testament World</i></a>. [S.l.]: Westminster John Knox. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780567084880" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780567084880">9780567084880</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.au=Rogerson%2C+John&rft.aufirst=Philip+R.&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.btitle=The+Old+Testament+World&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780567084880&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D1MMF6Titau8C%26pg%3DPA151%26dq%3D%2522sacrifices%2Band%2Bpsalms%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522sacrifices%2520and%2520psalms%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDavies2010" class="citation book">Davies, Philip R. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=kG_9-vki4ocC&pg=PA112&dq=%22impression+that+Jerusalem+was+always+supposed+to+be+the+central,+even+exclusive,+temple+of+Yahweh%22#v=onepage&q=%22impression%20that%20Jerusalem%20was%20always%20supposed%20to%20be%20the%20central%2C%20even%20exclusive%2C%20temple%20of%20Yahweh%22&f=false">«Urban Religion and Rural Religion»</a>. In: Stavrakopoulou, Francesca; Barton, John. <i>Religious Diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah</i>. [S.l.]: Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780567032164" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780567032164">9780567032164</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Urban+Religion+and+Rural+Religion&rft.aufirst=Philip+R.&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.btitle=Religious+Diversity+in+Ancient+Israel+and+Judah&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780567032164&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DkG_9-vki4ocC%26pg%3DPA112%26dq%3D%2522impression%2Bthat%2BJerusalem%2Bwas%2Balways%2Bsupposed%2Bto%2Bbe%2Bthe%2Bcentral%2C%2Beven%2Bexclusive%2C%2Btemple%2Bof%2BYahweh%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522impression%2520that%2520Jerusalem%2520was%2520always%2520supposed%2520to%2520be%2520the%2520central%252C%2520even%2520exclusive%252C%2520temple%2520of%2520Yahweh%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDay2002" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Day_(Old_Testament_scholar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Day (Old Testament scholar) (página não existe)">Day, John</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=2xadCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA49&dq=Kuntillet+Ajrud+Yahweh+and+his+asherah#v=onepage&q=Kuntillet%20Ajrud%20Yahweh%20and%20his%20asherah&f=false"><i>Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan</i></a>. [S.l.]: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780567537836" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780567537836">9780567537836</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Day&rft.btitle=Yahweh+and+the+Gods+and+Goddesses+of+Canaan&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780567537836&rft.pub=Continuum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D2xadCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA49%26dq%3DKuntillet%2BAjrud%2BYahweh%2Band%2Bhis%2Basherah%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DKuntillet%2520Ajrud%2520Yahweh%2520and%2520his%2520asherah%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDever2003a" class="citation book">Dever, William G. (2003a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=khR0apPid8gC&pg=PA388">«Religion and Cult in the Levant»</a>. In: Richard, Suzanne. <i>Near Eastern Archaeology:A Reader</i>. [S.l.]: Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-57506-083-5" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-57506-083-5">978-1-57506-083-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Religion+and+Cult+in+the+Levant&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft.aulast=Dever&rft.btitle=Near+Eastern+Archaeology%3AA+Reader&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-083-5&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DkhR0apPid8gC%26pg%3DPA388&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDever2003b" class="citation book">Dever, William G. (2003b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=A_ByXkpofAgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=who+were+the+early+israelites#v=onepage&q=who%20were%20the%20early%20israelites&f=false"><i>Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From</i></a>. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780802844163" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780802844163">9780802844163</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft.aulast=Dever&rft.btitle=Who+Were+the+Early+Israelites+and+Where+Did+They+Come+From&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780802844163&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DA_ByXkpofAgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dwho%2Bwere%2Bthe%2Bearly%2Bisraelites%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dwho%2520were%2520the%2520early%2520israelites%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDever2005" class="citation book">Dever, William G. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IGR7-OSz7bUC"><i>Did God Have A Wife?: Archaeology And Folk Religion In Ancient Israel</i></a>. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8028-2852-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8028-2852-1">978-0-8028-2852-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft.aulast=Dever&rft.btitle=Did+God+Have+A+Wife%3F%3A+Archaeology+And+Folk+Religion+In+Ancient+Israel&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2852-1&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIGR7-OSz7bUC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDicou1994" class="citation book">Dicou, Bert (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=B3ytAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167&dq=%22I+shall+discuss+the+theme+of+Edom%27s+brotherhood%22#v=onepage&q=%22I%20shall%20discuss%20the%20theme%20of%20Edom%27s%20brotherhood%22&f=false"><i>Edom, Israel's Brother and Antagonist: The Role of Edom in Biblical Prophecy and Story</i></a>. [S.l.]: A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781850754589" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781850754589">9781850754589</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Bert&rft.aulast=Dicou&rft.btitle=Edom%2C+Israel%27s+Brother+and+Antagonist%3A+The+Role+of+Edom+in+Biblical+Prophecy+and+Story&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781850754589&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DB3ytAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA167%26dq%3D%2522I%2Bshall%2Bdiscuss%2Bthe%2Btheme%2Bof%2BEdom%2527s%2Bbrotherhood%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522I%2520shall%2520discuss%2520the%2520theme%2520of%2520Edom%2527s%2520brotherhood%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDijkstra2001" class="citation book">Dijkstra, Meindert (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=z72KmReV-bIC&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=%22El+who+is+present,+who+makes+himself+manifest%22#v=onepage&q=%22El%20who%20is%20present%2C%20who%20makes%20himself%20manifest%22&f=false">«El the God of Israel-Israel the People of YHWH: On the Origins of Ancient Israelite Yahwism»</a>. In: Becking, Bob; Dijkstra, Meindert; Korpel, Marjo C.A.; et al. <i>Only One God?: Monotheism in Ancient Israel and the Veneration of the Goddess Asherah</i>. [S.l.]: A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781841271996" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781841271996">9781841271996</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=El+the+God+of+Israel-Israel+the+People+of+YHWH%3A+On+the+Origins+of+Ancient+Israelite+Yahwism&rft.aufirst=Meindert&rft.aulast=Dijkstra&rft.btitle=Only+One+God%3F%3A+Monotheism+in+Ancient+Israel+and+the+Veneration+of+the+Goddess+Asherah&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9781841271996&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dz72KmReV-bIC%26pg%3DPA92%26lpg%3DPA92%26dq%3D%2522El%2Bwho%2Bis%2Bpresent%2C%2Bwho%2Bmakes%2Bhimself%2Bmanifest%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522El%2520who%2520is%2520present%252C%2520who%2520makes%2520himself%2520manifest%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Eakin, Frank E. Jr. <i>The Religion and Culture of Israel</i> (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1971), 70 and 263.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEdelman1995" class="citation book">Edelman, Diana V. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=bua2dMa9fJ4C&pg=PA45">«Tracking Observance of the Aniconic Tradition»</a>. In: Edelman, Diana Vikander. <i>The Triumph of Elohim: From Yahwisms to Judaisms</i>. [S.l.]: Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-9053565032" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-9053565032">978-9053565032</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Tracking+Observance+of+the+Aniconic+Tradition&rft.aufirst=Diana+V.&rft.aulast=Edelman&rft.btitle=The+Triumph+of+Elohim%3A+From+Yahwisms+to+Judaisms&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-9053565032&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dbua2dMa9fJ4C%26pg%3DPA45&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFElior2006" class="citation book">Elior, Rachel (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=BjtWLZhhMoYC&pg=PA779&dq=%22High+Priest+once+a+year+on+the+Day+of+Atonement%22#v=onepage&q=%22High%20Priest%20once%20a%20year%20on%20the%20Day%20of%20Atonement%22&f=false">«Early Forms of Jewish Mysticism»</a>. In: Katz, Steven T. <i>The Cambridge History of Judaism: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period</i>. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780521772488" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780521772488">9780521772488</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Early+Forms+of+Jewish+Mysticism&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft.aulast=Elior&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Judaism%3A+The+Late+Roman-Rabbinic+Period&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780521772488&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DBjtWLZhhMoYC%26pg%3DPA779%26dq%3D%2522High%2BPriest%2Bonce%2Ba%2Byear%2Bon%2Bthe%2BDay%2Bof%2BAtonement%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522High%2520Priest%2520once%2520a%2520year%2520on%2520the%2520Day%2520of%2520Atonement%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002" class="citation book">Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=lu6ywyJr0CMC&dq=The+Bible+Unearthed"><i>The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts</i></a>. [S.l.]: Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780743223386" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780743223386">9780743223386</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.au=Silberman%2C+Neil+Asher&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.btitle=The+Bible+Unearthed%3A+Archaeology%27s+New+Vision+of+Ancient+Israel+and+the+Origin+of+Sacred+Texts&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780743223386&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dlu6ywyJr0CMC%26dq%3DThe%2BBible%2BUnearthed&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFreedmanO'ConnorRinggren1986" class="citation book">Freedman, D.N.; O'Connor, M.P.; Ringgren, H. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=pcAkKMECPKIC&pg=PA500&dq=%22The+tetragrammaton+YHWH+is+the+personal+name+of+the+god+of+Moses%22#v=onepage&q=%22The%20tetragrammaton%20YHWH%20is%20the%20personal%20name%20of%20the%20god%20of%20Moses%22&f=false">«YHWH»</a>. In: Botterweck, G.J.; Ringgren, H. <i>Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament</i>. <b>5</b>. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780802823298" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780802823298">9780802823298</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=YHWH&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C+M.P.&rft.au=Ringgren%2C+H.&rft.aufirst=D.N.&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.btitle=Theological+Dictionary+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780802823298&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DpcAkKMECPKIC%26pg%3DPA500%26dq%3D%2522The%2Btetragrammaton%2BYHWH%2Bis%2Bthe%2Bpersonal%2Bname%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bgod%2Bof%2BMoses%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522The%2520tetragrammaton%2520YHWH%2520is%2520the%2520personal%2520name%2520of%2520the%2520god%2520of%2520Moses%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFrerichs1998" class="citation book">Frerichs, Ernest S. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=dqvYAAAAMAAJ&dq=The+Bible+and+Bibles+in+America&q=Sacred+Name+Movement"><i>The Bible and Bibles in America</i></a>. [S.l.]: Scholars Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781555400965" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781555400965">9781555400965</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Ernest+S.&rft.aulast=Frerichs&rft.btitle=The+Bible+and+Bibles+in+America&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781555400965&rft.pub=Scholars+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DdqvYAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3DThe%2BBible%2Band%2BBibles%2Bin%2BAmerica%26q%3DSacred%2BName%2BMovement&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGnuse1997" class="citation book">Gnuse, Robert Karl (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=_lmvAwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>No Other Gods: Emergent Monotheism in Israel</i></a>. [S.l.]: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780567374158" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780567374158">9780567374158</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Robert+Karl&rft.aulast=Gnuse&rft.btitle=No+Other+Gods%3A+Emergent+Monotheism+in+Israel&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780567374158&rft.pub=Continuum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D_lmvAwAAQBAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGnuse1999" class="citation journal">Gnuse, Robert (1999). «The Emergence of Monotheism in Ancient Israel: A Survey of Recent Scholarship». <i>Religion</i>. <b>29</b> (4): 315–36. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Freli.1999.0198">10.1006/reli.1999.0198</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=The+Emergence+of+Monotheism+in+Ancient+Israel%3A+A+Survey+of+Recent+Scholarship&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Gnuse&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Religion&rft.pages=315-36&rft.volume=29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Freli.1999.0198&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGorman2000" class="citation book">Gorman, Frank H., Jr. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA458&dq=%22saving+actions+on+behalf+of+the+nation%22#v=onepage&q=%22saving%20actions%20on%20behalf%20of%20the%20nation%22&f=false">«Feasts, Festivals»</a>. In: Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. <i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i>. [S.l.]: Amsterdam University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-57506-083-5" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-57506-083-5">978-1-57506-083-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Feasts%2C+Festivals&rft.aufirst=Frank+H.%2C+Jr.&rft.aulast=Gorman&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-083-5&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26pg%3DPA458%26dq%3D%2522saving%2Bactions%2Bon%2Bbehalf%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bnation%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522saving%2520actions%2520on%2520behalf%2520of%2520the%2520nation%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGrabbe2010" class="citation book">Grabbe, Lester L. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=i89-9fdNUcAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism</i></a>. [S.l.]: A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780567552488" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780567552488">9780567552488</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Lester+L.&rft.aulast=Grabbe&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Second+Temple+Judaism&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780567552488&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Di89-9fdNUcAC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGrabbe2010" class="citation book">Grabbe, Lester (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=kG_9-vki4ocC&pg=PA184&dq=%22Yhwh+deity+and+Yhwh+cults+were+unique+to+Israel+and+Judah%22#v=onepage&q=%22Yhwh%20deity%20and%20Yhwh%20cults%20were%20unique%20to%20Israel%20and%20Judah%22&f=false">«<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Many nations will be joined to YHWH in that day': The question of YHWH outside Judah»</a>. In: Stavrakopoulou, Francesca; Barton, John. <i>Religious diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah</i>. [S.l.]: Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-567-03216-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-567-03216-4">978-0-567-03216-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=%27Many+nations+will+be+joined+to+YHWH+in+that+day%27%3A+The+question+of+YHWH+outside+Judah&rft.aufirst=Lester&rft.aulast=Grabbe&rft.btitle=Religious+diversity+in+Ancient+Israel+and+Judah&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-567-03216-4&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DkG_9-vki4ocC%26pg%3DPA184%26dq%3D%2522Yhwh%2Bdeity%2Band%2BYhwh%2Bcults%2Bwere%2Bunique%2Bto%2BIsrael%2Band%2BJudah%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Yhwh%2520deity%2520and%2520Yhwh%2520cults%2520were%2520unique%2520to%2520Israel%2520and%2520Judah%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGrabbe2007" class="citation book">Grabbe, Lester (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=IvfTAwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?</i></a>. [S.l.]: A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780567032546" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780567032546">9780567032546</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Lester&rft.aulast=Grabbe&rft.btitle=Ancient+Israel%3A+What+Do+We+Know+and+How+Do+We+Know+It%3F&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780567032546&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DIvfTAwAAQBAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHackett2001" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo_Ann_Hackett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jo Ann Hackett (página não existe)">Hackett, Jo Ann</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zFhvECwNQD0C&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q=There%20was%20no%20king%20in%20Israel&f=false">«<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>There Was No King In Israel': The Era of the Judges»</a>. In: Coogan, Michael David. <i>The Oxford History of the Biblical World</i>. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-19-513937-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-19-513937-2">978-0-19-513937-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=%27There+Was+No+King+In+Israel%27%3A+The+Era+of+the+Judges&rft.aufirst=Jo+Ann&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+the+Biblical+World&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513937-2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzFhvECwNQD0C%26pg%3DPA132%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DThere%2520was%2520no%2520king%2520in%2520Israel%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHalpernAdams2009" class="citation book">Halpern, Baruch; Adams, Matthew J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=SBmg9umxM2MC&pg=PA26&dq=%22crystallized+at+the+close+of+the+Bronze+Age%22%22worship+of+the+national+god%22#v=onepage&q=%22crystallized%20at%20the%20close%20of%20the%20Bronze%20Age%22%22worship%20of%20the%20national%20god%22&f=false"><i>From Gods to God: The Dynamics of Iron Age Cosmologies</i></a>. [S.l.]: Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9783161499029" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9783161499029">9783161499029</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.au=Adams%2C+Matthew+J.&rft.aufirst=Baruch&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.btitle=From+Gods+to+God%3A+The+Dynamics+of+Iron+Age+Cosmologies&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783161499029&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DSBmg9umxM2MC%26pg%3DPA26%26dq%3D%2522crystallized%2Bat%2Bthe%2Bclose%2Bof%2Bthe%2BBronze%2BAge%2522%2522worship%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bnational%2Bgod%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522crystallized%2520at%2520the%2520close%2520of%2520the%2520Bronze%2520Age%2522%2522worship%2520of%2520the%2520national%2520god%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHandy1994" class="citation book">Handy, Lowell K. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=fx1by4b1HzEC&pg=PA101&dq=%22Baal%27s+sphere+of+influence%22#v=onepage&q=%22Baal%27s%20sphere%20of%20influence%22&f=false"><i>Among the Host of Heaven: The Syro-Palestinian Pantheon as Bureaucracy</i></a>. [S.l.]: Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780931464843" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780931464843">9780931464843</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Lowell+K.&rft.aulast=Handy&rft.btitle=Among+the+Host+of+Heaven%3A+The+Syro-Palestinian+Pantheon+as+Bureaucracy&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780931464843&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dfx1by4b1HzEC%26pg%3DPA101%26dq%3D%2522Baal%2527s%2Bsphere%2Bof%2Binfluence%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Baal%2527s%2520sphere%2520of%2520influence%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHess2007" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Hess (página não existe)">Hess, Richard S.</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=2aJzBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA103&dq=%22four+tiers+of+deities%22#v=onepage&q=%22four%20tiers%20of%20deities%22&f=false"><i>Israelite Religions: An Archaeological and Biblical Survey</i></a>. [S.l.]: Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780801027178" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780801027178">9780801027178</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Richard+S.&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.btitle=Israelite+Religions%3A+An+Archaeological+and+Biblical+Survey&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780801027178&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D2aJzBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA103%26dq%3D%2522four%2Btiers%2Bof%2Bdeities%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522four%2520tiers%2520of%2520deities%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHess2012" class="citation">Hess, Richard S. (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Lc_R1E1wD9cC&pg=PA472&dq=Kuntillet+Ajrud+Yahweh+and+his+Asherah+potsherd+Bes+music#v=onepage&q=Kuntillet%20Ajrud%20Yahweh%20and%20his%20Asherah%20potsherd%20Bes%20music&f=false">«Yahweh's "Wife" and Belief in One God in the Old Testament»</a>, in: Hoffmeier, James K.; Magary, Dennis R., <i>Do Historical Matters Matter to Faith?: A Critical Appraisal of Modern and Postmodern Approaches to Scripture</i>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-4335-2574-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-4335-2574-2">978-1-4335-2574-2</a>, Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway, pp. 459–476</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Yahweh%27s+%22Wife%22+and+Belief+in+One+God+in+the+Old+Testament&rft.aufirst=Richard+S.&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.btitle=Do+Historical+Matters+Matter+to+Faith%3F%3A+A+Critical+Appraisal+of+Modern+and+Postmodern+Approaches+to+Scripture&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-4335-2574-2&rft.pages=459-476&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Crossway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DLc_R1E1wD9cC%26pg%3DPA472%26dq%3DKuntillet%2BAjrud%2BYahweh%2Band%2Bhis%2BAsherah%2Bpotsherd%2BBes%2Bmusic%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DKuntillet%2520Ajrud%2520Yahweh%2520and%2520his%2520Asherah%2520potsherd%2520Bes%2520music%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hoffman, Joel (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=5TShBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA236&dq=%22yahweh+is+unattested+before+the+hebrews%22#v=onepage&q=%22yahweh%20is%20unattested%20before%20the%20hebrews%22&f=false"><i>In the Beginning: A Short History of the Hebrew Language</i></a>. [S.l.]: NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780814737064" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780814737064">9780814737064</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.btitle=In+the+Beginning%3A+A+Short+History+of+the+Hebrew+Language&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780814737064&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D5TShBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA236%26dq%3D%2522yahweh%2Bis%2Bunattested%2Bbefore%2Bthe%2Bhebrews%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522yahweh%2520is%2520unattested%2520before%2520the%2520hebrews%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHumphries1990" class="citation book">Humphries, W. Lee (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA340&dq=%22used+in+the+Septuagint+where+Yahweh+appears%22#v=onepage&q=%22used%20in%20the%20Septuagint%20where%20Yahweh%20appears%22&f=false">«God, Names of»</a>. In: Mills, Watson E.; Bullard, Roger Aubrey. <i>Mercer Dictionary of the Bible</i>. [S.l.]: Mercer University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780865543737" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780865543737">9780865543737</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=God%2C+Names+of&rft.aufirst=W.+Lee&rft.aulast=Humphries&rft.btitle=Mercer+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780865543737&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dgoq0VWw9rGIC%26pg%3DPA340%26dq%3D%2522used%2Bin%2Bthe%2BSeptuagint%2Bwhere%2BYahweh%2Bappears%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522used%2520in%2520the%2520Septuagint%2520where%2520Yahweh%2520appears%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKaiser2017" class="citation book">Kaiser, Walter C., Jr. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=qTIDDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT108&dq=%22on+the+etymology+and+meaning+of+the+name+Yahweh,+there+is+almost+no+agreement%22#v=onepage&q=%22on%20the%20etymology%20and%20meaning%20of%20the%20name%20Yahweh%2C%20there%20is%20almost%20no%20agreement%22&f=false"><i>Exodus</i></a>. [S.l.]: Zondervan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780310531739" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780310531739">9780310531739</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Walter+C.%2C+Jr.&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.btitle=Exodus&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780310531739&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DqTIDDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT108%26dq%3D%2522on%2Bthe%2Betymology%2Band%2Bmeaning%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bname%2BYahweh%2C%2Bthere%2Bis%2Balmost%2Bno%2Bagreement%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522on%2520the%2520etymology%2520and%2520meaning%2520of%2520the%2520name%2520Yahweh%252C%2520there%2520is%2520almost%2520no%2520agreement%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKeel1997" class="citation book">Keel, Othmar (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Fy4B1iMg33YC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Symbolism of the Biblical World: Ancient Near Eastern Iconography and the Book of Psalms</i></a>. [S.l.]: Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781575060149" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781575060149">9781575060149</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Othmar&rft.aulast=Keel&rft.btitle=The+Symbolism+of+the+Biblical+World%3A+Ancient+Near+Eastern+Iconography+and+the+Book+of+Psalms&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781575060149&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DFy4B1iMg33YC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLeech2002" class="citation">Leech, Kenneth (2002) [1985], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=q5lKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60&dq=Yahweh+adonai+second+temple#v=onepage&q=Yahweh%20adonai%20second%20temple&f=false"><i>Experiencing God: Theology as Spirituality</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1579106133" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1579106133">978-1579106133</a>, Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.aulast=Leech&rft.btitle=Experiencing+God%3A+Theology+as+Spirituality&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1579106133&rft.place=Eugene%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dq5lKAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA60%26dq%3DYahweh%2Badonai%2Bsecond%2Btemple%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DYahweh%2520adonai%2520second%2520temple%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLemche1998" class="citation book">Lemche, Niels Peter (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=JIoY7PagAOAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Israelites in History and Tradition</i></a>. [S.l.]: Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780664227272" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780664227272">9780664227272</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Niels+Peter&rft.aulast=Lemche&rft.btitle=The+Israelites+in+History+and+Tradition&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780664227272&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DJIoY7PagAOAC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLevin2013" class="citation book">Levin, Christoph (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=aSNZ76USaYgC&pg=PA247&dq=%22ninth+century+onwards%22%22court+cult+definitely+bound+to+Yahweh%22#v=onepage&q=%22ninth%20century%20onwards%22%22court%20cult%20definitely%20bound%20to%20Yahweh%22&f=false"><i>Re-Reading the Scriptures: Essays on the Literary History of the Old Testament</i></a>. [S.l.]: Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9783161522079" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9783161522079">9783161522079</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.btitle=Re-Reading+the+Scriptures%3A+Essays+on+the+Literary+History+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783161522079&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DaSNZ76USaYgC%26pg%3DPA247%26dq%3D%2522ninth%2Bcentury%2Bonwards%2522%2522court%2Bcult%2Bdefinitely%2Bbound%2Bto%2BYahweh%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522ninth%2520century%2520onwards%2522%2522court%2520cult%2520definitely%2520bound%2520to%2520Yahweh%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLiverani2014" class="citation book">Liverani, Mario (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_1zfBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA74#v=onepage&q=%22two%20kinds%20of%20co-existing%20political%20systems%22&f=false"><i>Israel's History and the History of Israel</i></a>. [S.l.]: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1317488934" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1317488934">978-1317488934</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft.aulast=Liverani&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+History+and+the+History+of+Israel&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1317488934&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_1zfBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA74%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522two%2520kinds%2520of%2520co-existing%2520political%2520systems%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMafico1992" class="citation book">Mafico, Temba L.J. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=PDE8sUdAyosC&pg=PA21&dq=The+Divine+Name+Yahweh+Alohim+from+an+African+Perspective#v=onepage&q=The%20Divine%20Name%20Yahweh%20Alohim%20from%20an%20African%20Perspective&f=false">«The Divine Name Yahweh Alohim from an African Perspective»</a>. In: Segovia, Fernando F.; Tolbert, Mary Ann. <i>Reading from this Place: Social Location and Biblical Interpretation in Global Perspective</i>. <b>2</b>. [S.l.]: Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781451407884" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781451407884">9781451407884</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=The+Divine+Name+Yahweh+Alohim+from+an+African+Perspective&rft.aufirst=Temba+L.J.&rft.aulast=Mafico&rft.btitle=Reading+from+this+Place%3A+Social+Location+and+Biblical+Interpretation+in+Global+Perspective&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9781451407884&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DPDE8sUdAyosC%26pg%3DPA21%26dq%3DThe%2BDivine%2BName%2BYahweh%2BAlohim%2Bfrom%2Ban%2BAfrican%2BPerspective%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DThe%2520Divine%2520Name%2520Yahweh%2520Alohim%2520from%2520an%2520African%2520Perspective%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMastin2005" class="citation book">Mastin, B.A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=sUuvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA326">«Yahweh's Asherah, Inclusive Monotheism and the Question of Dating»</a>. In: Day, John. <i>In Search of Pre-Exilic Israel</i>. [S.l.]: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780567245540" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780567245540">9780567245540</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Yahweh%27s+Asherah%2C+Inclusive+Monotheism+and+the+Question+of+Dating&rft.aufirst=B.A.&rft.aulast=Mastin&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Pre-Exilic+Israel&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780567245540&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DsUuvAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA326&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMcDonough1999" class="citation">McDonough, Sean M. (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=c0ZG4P8J1roC&pg=PA89&dq=Plutarch+Yahweh+Dionysus#v=onepage&q=Plutarch%20Yahweh%20Dionysus&f=false"><i>YHWH at Patmos: Rev. 1:4 in Its Hellenistic and Early Jewish Setting</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-3-16-147055-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-3-16-147055-4">978-3-16-147055-4</a>, Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0340-9570">0340-9570</a>, Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2. Reihe, <b>107</b></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Sean+M.&rft.aulast=McDonough&rft.btitle=YHWH+at+Patmos%3A+Rev.+1%3A4+in+Its+Hellenistic+and+Early+Jewish+Setting&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-16-147055-4&rft.issn=0340-9570&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.series=Wissenschaftliche+Untersuchungen+zum+Neuen+Testament+2.+Reihe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dc0ZG4P8J1roC%26pg%3DPA89%26dq%3DPlutarch%2BYahweh%2BDionysus%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DPlutarch%2520Yahweh%2520Dionysus%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_L._McKenzie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John L. McKenzie (página não existe)">McKenzie, John L</a> "Aspects of Old Testament Thought" in Raymond E. Brown, Joseph A. Fitzmyer, and Roland E. Murphy, eds., <i>The New Jerome Biblical Commentary</i> (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1990), 1287, S.v. 77:17.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMettinger2006" class="citation book">Mettinger, Tryggve N.D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Ku4OKVrEd4MC&pg=PA273&dq=%22the+prohibition+of+images+was+a+late+idea%22%22in+a+very+late+Deuteronomistic+layer%22#v=onepage&q=%22the%20prohibition%20of%20images%20was%20a%20late%20idea%22%22in%20a%20very%20late%20Deuteronomistic%20layer%22&f=false">«A Conversation With My Critics: Cultic Image or Aniconism in the First Temple?»</a>. In: Amit, Yaira; Naʼaman, Nadav. <i>Essays on Ancient Israel in Its Near Eastern Context</i>. [S.l.]: Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781575061283" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781575061283">9781575061283</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=A+Conversation+With+My+Critics%3A+Cultic+Image+or+Aniconism+in+the+First+Temple%3F&rft.aufirst=Tryggve+N.D.&rft.aulast=Mettinger&rft.btitle=Essays+on+Ancient+Israel+in+Its+Near+Eastern+Context&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9781575061283&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DKu4OKVrEd4MC%26pg%3DPA273%26dq%3D%2522the%2Bprohibition%2Bof%2Bimages%2Bwas%2Ba%2Blate%2Bidea%2522%2522in%2Ba%2Bvery%2Blate%2BDeuteronomistic%2Blayer%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522the%2520prohibition%2520of%2520images%2520was%2520a%2520late%2520idea%2522%2522in%2520a%2520very%2520late%2520Deuteronomistic%2520layer%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMeyers2001" class="citation book">Meyers, Carol (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=gM-tZeEO4wgC&pg=PA166&dq=%22monarchic+state%22%22formal+concentration+of+power%22#v=onepage&q=%22monarchic%20state%22%22formal%20concentration%20of%20power%22&f=false">«Kinship and Kingship: The early Monarchy»</a>. In: Coogan, Michael David. <i>The Oxford History of the Biblical World</i>. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-19-513937-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-19-513937-2">978-0-19-513937-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Kinship+and+Kingship%3A+The+early+Monarchy&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.aulast=Meyers&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+the+Biblical+World&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513937-2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DgM-tZeEO4wgC%26pg%3DPA166%26dq%3D%2522monarchic%2Bstate%2522%2522formal%2Bconcentration%2Bof%2Bpower%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522monarchic%2520state%2522%2522formal%2520concentration%2520of%2520power%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2007" class="citation book">MacDonald, Nathan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=ZrGfxNqfszsC&pg=PA21&dq=%22Aniconism+in+the+Old+Testament%22#v=onepage&q=%22Aniconism%20in%20the%20Old%20Testament%22&f=false">«Aniconism in the Old Testament»</a>. In: Gordon, R.P. <i>The God of Israel</i>. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780521873659" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780521873659">9780521873659</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Aniconism+in+the+Old+Testament&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.btitle=The+God+of+Israel&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780521873659&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DZrGfxNqfszsC%26pg%3DPA21%26dq%3D%2522Aniconism%2Bin%2Bthe%2BOld%2BTestament%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Aniconism%2520in%2520the%2520Old%2520Testament%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMiller2000" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_D._Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick D. 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[S.l.]: Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-664-22145-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-664-22145-4">978-0-664-22145-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Patrick+D&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.btitle=The+Religion+of+Ancient+Israel&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22145-4&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DJBhY9BQ7hIQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dthe%2Breligion%2Bof%2Bancient%2Bisrael%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMiller1986" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_D._Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick D. 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[S.l.]: Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780664212629" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780664212629">9780664212629</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Patrick+D&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Israel+and+Judah&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780664212629&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DuDijjc_D5P0C%26pg%3DPA110%26dq%3D%2522Yahweh%2522%2522national%2Bgod%2Bof%2BIsrael%2Band%2BJudah%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Yahweh%2522%2522national%2520god%2520of%2520Israel%2520and%2520Judah%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMooreKelle2011" class="citation book">Moore, Megan Bishop; Kelle, Brad E. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Qjkz_8EMoaUC&pg=PA125"><i>Biblical History and Israel's Past: The Changing Study of the Bible and History</i></a>. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780802862600" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780802862600">9780802862600</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.au=Kelle%2C+Brad+E.&rft.aufirst=Megan+Bishop&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.btitle=Biblical+History+and+Israel%27s+Past%3A+The+Changing+Study+of+the+Bible+and+History&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780802862600&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DQjkz_8EMoaUC%26pg%3DPA125&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Nestor, Dermot Anthony, <i>Cognitive Perspectives on Israelite Identity,</i> Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNiehr1995" class="citation book">Niehr, Herbert (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=bua2dMa9fJ4C&pg=PA45">«The Rise of YHWH in Judahite and Israelite Religion»</a>. In: Edelman, Diana Vikander. <i>The Triumph of Elohim: From Yahwisms to Judaisms</i>. [S.l.]: Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-9053565032" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-9053565032">978-9053565032</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=The+Rise+of+YHWH+in+Judahite+and+Israelite+Religion&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft.aulast=Niehr&rft.btitle=The+Triumph+of+Elohim%3A+From+Yahwisms+to+Judaisms&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-9053565032&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dbua2dMa9fJ4C%26pg%3DPA45&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNoll2001" class="citation book">Noll, K.L. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=XSpoCmOe0S8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: An Introduction</i></a>. [S.l.]: A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781841272580" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781841272580">9781841272580</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=K.L.&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.btitle=Canaan+and+Israel+in+Antiquity%3A+An+Introduction&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781841272580&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DXSpoCmOe0S8C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFParke-Taylor1975" class="citation">Parke-Taylor, G. H. (1975), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=XZhkDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA47&dq=%22a+satisfactory+etymological+origin+for+the+tetragrammaton%22#v=onepage&q=%22a%20satisfactory%20etymological%20origin%20for%20the%20tetragrammaton%22&f=false"><i>Yahweh: The Divine Name in the Bible</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-88920-013-5" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-88920-013-5">978-0-88920-013-5</a>, Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=G.+H.&rft.aulast=Parke-Taylor&rft.btitle=Yahweh%3A+The+Divine+Name+in+the+Bible&rft.date=1975&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-88920-013-5&rft.place=Waterloo%2C+Ontario&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DXZhkDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47%26dq%3D%2522a%2Bsatisfactory%2Betymological%2Borigin%2Bfor%2Bthe%2Btetragrammaton%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522a%2520satisfactory%2520etymological%2520origin%2520for%2520the%2520tetragrammaton%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPetersen1998" class="citation book">Petersen, Allan Rosengren (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=4YetAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23&dq=%22the+enthronement+festival+of+Yahweh%22#v=onepage&q=%22the%20enthronement%20festival%20of%20Yahweh%22&f=false"><i>The Royal God: Enthronement Festivals in Ancient Israel and Ugarit?</i></a>. [S.l.]: A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781850758648" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781850758648">9781850758648</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Allan+Rosengren&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.btitle=The+Royal+God%3A+Enthronement+Festivals+in+Ancient+Israel+and+Ugarit%3F&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781850758648&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D4YetAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA23%26dq%3D%2522the%2Benthronement%2Bfestival%2Bof%2BYahweh%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522the%2520enthronement%2520festival%2520of%2520Yahweh%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRomer2014" class="citation book">Romer, Thomas (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=XmsuCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT76&dq=%22the+proper+name+of+a+god,+el%22#v=onepage&q=%22the%20proper%20name%20of%20a%20god%2C%20el%22&f=false"><i>The Invention of Yahweh</i></a>. [S.l.]: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780674915756" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780674915756">9780674915756</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Romer&rft.btitle=The+Invention+of+Yahweh&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780674915756&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DXmsuCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT76%26dq%3D%2522the%2Bproper%2Bname%2Bof%2Ba%2Bgod%2C%2Bel%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522the%2520proper%2520name%2520of%2520a%2520god%252C%2520el%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchniedewind2013" class="citation book">Schniedewind, William M. 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(2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA385&dq=%22facts+militate+against+an+identification+of+Yahweh+as+originally+a+title+of+El%22#v=onepage&q=%22facts%20militate%20against%20an%20identification%20of%20Yahweh%20as%20originally%20a%20title%20of%20El%22&f=false">«El»</a>. In: Freedman, David Noel; Myer, Allen C. <i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i>. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9789053565032" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9789053565032">9789053565032</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=El&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9789053565032&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26pg%3DPA385%26dq%3D%2522facts%2Bmilitate%2Bagainst%2Ban%2Bidentification%2Bof%2BYahweh%2Bas%2Boriginally%2Ba%2Btitle%2Bof%2BEl%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522facts%2520militate%2520against%2520an%2520identification%2520of%2520Yahweh%2520as%2520originally%2520a%2520title%2520of%2520El%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSmith2001" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_S._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark S. Smith (página não existe)">Smith, Mark S.</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=n0v0NB5-n3sC&printsec=frontcover&dq=mark+smith+2001#v=onepage&q=mark%20smith%202001&f=false"><i>The Origins of Biblical Monotheism: Israel's Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts</i></a>. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780195167689" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780195167689">9780195167689</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Biblical+Monotheism%3A+Israel%27s+Polytheistic+Background+and+the+Ugaritic+Texts&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780195167689&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dn0v0NB5-n3sC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dmark%2Bsmith%2B2001%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dmark%2520smith%25202001%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_S._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark S. Smith (página não existe)">Smith, Mark S.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=1yM3AuBh4AsC&pg=PA28&dq=%22Iron+I+Israel+was+largely+Canaanite%22#v=onepage&q=%22Iron%20I%20Israel%20was%20largely%20Canaanite%22&f=false"><i>The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel</i></a> 2nd ed. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780802839725" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780802839725">9780802839725</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=The+Early+History+of+God%3A+Yahweh+and+the+Other+Deities+in+Ancient+Israel&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780802839725&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D1yM3AuBh4AsC%26pg%3DPA28%26dq%3D%2522Iron%2BI%2BIsrael%2Bwas%2Blargely%2BCanaanite%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Iron%2520I%2520Israel%2520was%2520largely%2520Canaanite%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSmith2003" class="citation book">Smith, Mark S. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=gb-jl0nef-4C&pg=PA187&dq=%22West+Semitic+religion+in+general+owes+much+to+astral+religion%22#v=onepage&q=%22West%20Semitic%20religion%20in%20general%20owes%20much%20to%20astral%20religion%22&f=false">«Astral Religion and the Divinity»</a>. In: Noegel, Scott; Walker, Joel. <i>Prayer, Magic, and the Stars in the Ancient and Late Antique World</i>. [S.l.]: Penn State Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0271046006" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0271046006">978-0271046006</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Astral+Religion+and+the+Divinity&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=Prayer%2C+Magic%2C+and+the+Stars+in+the+Ancient+and+Late+Antique+World&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0271046006&rft.pub=Penn+State+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dgb-jl0nef-4C%26pg%3DPA187%26dq%3D%2522West%2BSemitic%2Breligion%2Bin%2Bgeneral%2Bowes%2Bmuch%2Bto%2Bastral%2Breligion%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522West%2520Semitic%2520religion%2520in%2520general%2520owes%2520much%2520to%2520astral%2520religion%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSmith2010" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_S._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark S. Smith (página não existe)">Smith, Mark S.</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=yvWlC0kUlkYC&pg=PA119&dq=%22various+chief+gods%22%22stand+more+or+less+on+par%22#v=onepage&q=%22various%20chief%20gods%22%22stand%20more%20or%20less%20on%20par%22&f=false"><i>God in Translation: Deities in Cross-Cultural Discourse in the Biblical World</i></a>. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780802864338" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780802864338">9780802864338</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=God+in+Translation%3A+Deities+in+Cross-Cultural+Discourse+in+the+Biblical+World&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780802864338&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DyvWlC0kUlkYC%26pg%3DPA119%26dq%3D%2522various%2Bchief%2Bgods%2522%2522stand%2Bmore%2Bor%2Bless%2Bon%2Bpar%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522various%2520chief%2520gods%2522%2522stand%2520more%2520or%2520less%2520on%2520par%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSmith1984" class="citation book">Smith, Morton (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Jo0LKxcMJKAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">«Jewish Religious Life in the Persian Period»</a>. In: Finkelstein, Louis. <i>The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 1, Introduction: The Persian Period</i>. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780521218801" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780521218801">9780521218801</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Jewish+Religious+Life+in+the+Persian+Period&rft.aufirst=Morton&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Judaism%3A+Volume+1%2C+Introduction%3A+The+Persian+Period&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780521218801&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DJo0LKxcMJKAC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSmithCohen1996a" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morton_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morton Smith (página não existe)">Smith, Morton</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaye_J._D._Cohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaye J. D. Cohen (página não existe)">Cohen, Shaye J.D.</a> (1996a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=EyfB19u1U8EC&pg=PA233&dq=Plutarch+Yahweh+Dionysus#v=onepage&q=Plutarch%20Yahweh%20Dionysus&f=false"><i>Studies in the Cult of Yahweh: Volume One: Studies in Historical Method, Ancient Israel, Ancient Judaism</i></a>. Leiden, The Netherlands, New York City, New York, and Cologne, Germany: E. J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-90-04-10477-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-90-04-10477-8">978-90-04-10477-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Shaye+J.D.&rft.aufirst=Morton&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Cult+of+Yahweh%3A+Volume+One%3A+Studies+in+Historical+Method%2C+Ancient+Israel%2C+Ancient+Judaism&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10477-8&rft.place=Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands%2C+New+York+City%2C+New+York%2C+and+Cologne%2C+Germany&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DEyfB19u1U8EC%26pg%3DPA233%26dq%3DPlutarch%2BYahweh%2BDionysus%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DPlutarch%2520Yahweh%2520Dionysus%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSmithCohen1996b" class="citation book">Smith, Morton; Cohen, Shaye J.D. (1996b). <i>Studies in the Cult of Yahweh: Volume Two: New Testament, Christianity, and Magic</i>. Leiden, The Netherlands, New York City, New York, and Cologne, Germany: E. J. Brill. pp. 242–56. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-90-04-10479-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-90-04-10479-2">978-90-04-10479-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Shaye+J.D.&rft.aufirst=Morton&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Cult+of+Yahweh%3A+Volume+Two%3A+New+Testament%2C+Christianity%2C+and+Magic&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10479-2&rft.pages=242-56&rft.place=Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands%2C+New+York+City%2C+New+York%2C+and+Cologne%2C+Germany&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSommer2011" class="citation book">Sommer, Benjamin D. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hKAaJXvUaUoC&pg=PA299">«God, names of»</a>. In: Berlin, Adele; Grossman, Maxine L. <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion</i>. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780199730049" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780199730049">9780199730049</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=God%2C+names+of&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+D.&rft.aulast=Sommer&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Jewish+Religion&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780199730049&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhKAaJXvUaUoC%26pg%3DPA299&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Toorn1995" class="citation book">Van der Toorn, Karel (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=178X5n7zArwC&pg=PA229&dq=%22Ritual+Resistance+and+Self-Assertion%22#v=onepage&q=%22Ritual%20Resistance%20and%20Self-Assertion%22&f=false">«Ritual Resistance and Self-Assertion»</a>. In: Platvoet, Jan. G.; Van der Toorn, Karel. <i>Pluralism and Identity: Studies in Ritual Behaviour</i>. [S.l.]: BRILL. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-9004103733" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-9004103733">978-9004103733</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Ritual+Resistance+and+Self-Assertion&rft.aufirst=Karel&rft.aulast=Van+der+Toorn&rft.btitle=Pluralism+and+Identity%3A+Studies+in+Ritual+Behaviour&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-9004103733&rft.pub=BRILL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D178X5n7zArwC%26pg%3DPA229%26dq%3D%2522Ritual%2BResistance%2Band%2BSelf-Assertion%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Ritual%2520Resistance%2520and%2520Self-Assertion%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Toorn1999" class="citation book">Van der Toorn, Karel (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA912&dq=%22If+the+Kenite+hypothesis+is+to+be+maintained%22#v=onepage&q=%22If%20the%20Kenite%20hypothesis%20is%20to%20be%20maintained%22&f=false">«Yahweh»</a>. In: Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter Willem. <i>Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible</i>. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780802824912" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780802824912">9780802824912</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Yahweh&rft.aufirst=Karel&rft.aulast=Van+der+Toorn&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons+in+the+Bible&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780802824912&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DyCkRz5pfxz0C%26pg%3DPA912%26dq%3D%2522If%2Bthe%2BKenite%2Bhypothesis%2Bis%2Bto%2Bbe%2Bmaintained%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522If%2520the%2520Kenite%2520hypothesis%2520is%2520to%2520be%2520maintained%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Toorn1996" class="citation book">Van der Toorn, Karel (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=VSJWkrXfbLQC&pg=PA281&dq=%22Yahweh+was+not+worshipped+in+the+West+Semitic+world%22#v=onepage&q=%22Yahweh%20was%20not%20worshipped%20in%20the%20West%20Semitic%20world%22&f=false"><i>Family Religion in Babylonia, Ugarit and Israel: Continuity and Changes in the Forms of Religious Life</i></a>. [S.l.]: BRILL. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-9004104105" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-9004104105">978-9004104105</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Karel&rft.aulast=Van+der+Toorn&rft.btitle=Family+Religion+in+Babylonia%2C+Ugarit+and+Israel%3A+Continuity+and+Changes+in+the+Forms+of+Religious+Life&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-9004104105&rft.pub=BRILL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DVSJWkrXfbLQC%26pg%3DPA281%26dq%3D%2522Yahweh%2Bwas%2Bnot%2Bworshipped%2Bin%2Bthe%2BWest%2BSemitic%2Bworld%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Yahweh%2520was%2520not%2520worshipped%2520in%2520the%2520West%2520Semitic%2520world%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVriezenvan_der_Woude2005" class="citation">Vriezen, T. C.; van der Woude, Simon Adam (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=VeOwyTae71cC&pg=PA18&dq=Ajrud+potsherd+Asherah#v=onepage&q=Ajrud%20potsherd%20Asherah&f=false"><i>Ancient Israelite And Early Jewish Literature</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-90-04-12427-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-90-04-12427-1">978-90-04-12427-1</a>, traduzido por Doyle, Brian, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.au=van+der+Woude%2C+Simon+Adam&rft.aufirst=T.+C.&rft.aulast=Vriezen&rft.btitle=Ancient+Israelite+And+Early+Jewish+Literature&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12427-1&rft.place=Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pub=Brill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DVeOwyTae71cC%26pg%3DPA18%26dq%3DAjrud%2Bpotsherd%2BAsherah%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAjrud%2520potsherd%2520Asherah%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFScott" class="citation book">Scott, James M. <i>Bacchius Iudaeus: A Denarius Commemorating Pompey's Victory over Judea. Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus</i>. <b>104</b>. [S.l.]: Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-3-525-54045-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-3-525-54045-9">978-3-525-54045-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.btitle=Bacchius+Iudaeus%3A+A+Denarius+Commemorating+Pompey%27s+Victory+over+Judea.+Novum+Testamentum+et+Orbis+Antiquus&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-525-54045-9&rft.pub=G%C3%B6ttingen%3A+Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWright2002" class="citation book">Wright, J. Edward (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=lKvMeMorNBEC&pg=PA42&dq=Mesopotamian#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Early History of Heaven</i></a>. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780195348491" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780195348491">9780195348491</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=J.+Edward&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.btitle=The+Early+History+of+Heaven&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780195348491&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DlKvMeMorNBEC%26pg%3DPA42%26dq%3DMesopotamian%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWyatt2010" class="citation book">Wyatt, Nicolas (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kG_9-vki4ocC&pg=PR5">«Royal Religion in Ancient Judah»</a>. In: Stavrakopoulou, Francesca; Barton, John. <i>Religious Diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah</i>. [S.l.]: Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-567-03216-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-567-03216-4">978-0-567-03216-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJav%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Royal+Religion+in+Ancient+Judah&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.aulast=Wyatt&rft.btitle=Religious+Diversity+in+Ancient+Israel+and+Judah&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-567-03216-4&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkG_9-vki4ocC%26pg%3DPR5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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