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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Interleukin 13</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_13" title="Interleukin 13 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Interleukin 13" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleucina-13" title="Interleucina-13 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Interleucina-13" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86_%DB%B1%DB%B3" title="اینترلوکین ۱۳ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینترلوکین ۱۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukine_13" title="Interleukine 13 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Interleukine 13" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleucina_13" title="Interleucina 13 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Interleucina 13" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-13" title="Interleukin-13 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Interleukin-13" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleuchina_13" title="Interleuchina 13 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interleuchina 13" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukina_13" title="Interleukina 13 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Interleukina 13" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleucina_13" title="Interleucina 13 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Interleucina 13" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_13" title="Интерлеукин 13 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Интерлеукин 13" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_13" title="Interleukin 13 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Interleukin 13" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL13" title="IL13 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein and coding gene in humans</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">IL13</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protein_IL13_PDB_1ga3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Protein_IL13_PDB_1ga3.png/250px-Protein_IL13_PDB_1ga3.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Protein_IL13_PDB_1ga3.png/375px-Protein_IL13_PDB_1ga3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Protein_IL13_PDB_1ga3.png/500px-Protein_IL13_PDB_1ga3.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="678" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c3fdb8;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=P20109%20or%20P35225">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:P20109,P35225">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="background-color:#ddd;text-align:center"><th colspan="2">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1GA3">1GA3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1IJZ">1IJZ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1IK0">1IK0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3BPO">3BPO</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3G6D">3G6D</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3L5W">3L5W</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3L5X">3L5X</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3LB6">3LB6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4I77">4I77</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4PS4">4PS4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5E4E">5E4E</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/5973">IL13</a></span>, IL-13, P600, interleukin 13</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/147683">147683</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:96541">96541</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=1649">1649</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=IL13">IL13</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000169194">IL13 - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 11 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 11 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 11 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 11 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 11 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 123.55486896507px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for IL13"><img alt="Genomic location for IL13" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 129.6px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for IL13"><img alt="Genomic location for IL13" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">11 B1.3|11 31.98 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">53,522,151 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">53,525,529 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px">n/a</ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000020383">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">embryo</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">secondary oocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">zygote</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">seminiferous tubule</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">thymus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">spermatocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">hippocampal formation</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">hippocampus proper</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lip</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">spermatid</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_IL13_207844_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PBB_GE_IL13_207844_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_IL13_207844_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PBB_GE_IL13_207844_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_IL13_207844_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PBB_GE_IL13_207844_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_IL13_207844_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/3596/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005126">cytokine receptor binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005125">cytokine activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005144">interleukin-13 receptor binding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005737">cytoplasm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009897">external side of plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005576">extracellular region</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005615">extracellular space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000352">negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1903660">negative regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071635">negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1901251">positive regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009612">response to mechanical stimulus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035094">response to nicotine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051281">positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001774">microglial cell activation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0033861">negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071260">cellular response to mechanical stimulus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032496">response to lipopolysaccharide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1901247">negative regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043270">positive regulation of ion transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006955">immune response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050714">positive regulation of protein secretion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032723">positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000231">positive regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045471">response to ethanol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006954">inflammatory response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010155">regulation of proton transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048661">positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1901215">negative regulation of neuron death</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0002639">positive regulation of immunoglobulin production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030890">positive regulation of B cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043032">positive regulation of macrophage activation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043306">positive regulation of mast cell degranulation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071345">cellular response to cytokine stimulus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042531">positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010469">regulation of signaling receptor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019221">cytokine-mediated signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010628">positive regulation of gene expression</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0120162">positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=3596&rn=1">3596</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=16163&rn=1">16163</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000169194;db=core">ENSG00000169194</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000020383;db=core">ENSMUSG00000020383</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P35225">P35225</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P20109">P20109</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_002188">NM_002188</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_008355">NM_008355</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_002179">NP_002179</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001341920">NP_001341920</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001341921">NP_001341921</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001341922">NP_001341922</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_032381">NP_032381</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks">n/a</span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr11:53522151-53525529">Chr 11: 53.52 – 53.53 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14878303" class="extiw" title="d:Q14878303">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14878304" class="extiw" title="d:Q14878304">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Interleukin 13</b> (<b>IL-13</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> that in humans is encoded by the <i>IL13</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid8097324_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8097324-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid1408833_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1408833-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IL-13 was first cloned in 1993 and is located on chromosome 5q31.1 with a length of 1.4kb.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a mass of 13 kDa and folds into 4 alpha helical bundles.<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The secondary structural features of IL-13 are similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">Interleukin 4</a> (IL-4); however it only has 25% <a href="/wiki/Sequence_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Sequence identity">sequence identity</a> to IL-4 and is capable of IL-4 independent signaling.<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid7907877_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7907877-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IL-13 is a <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokine</a> secreted by <a href="/wiki/T_helper_cell" title="T helper cell">T helper</a> type 2 (Th2) cells, <a href="/wiki/CD4" title="CD4">CD4</a> cells, <a href="/wiki/Natural_killer_T_cell" title="Natural killer T cell">natural killer T cell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mast_cell" title="Mast cell">mast cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basophil" title="Basophil">basophils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eosinophil" title="Eosinophil">eosinophils</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuocyte" title="Nuocyte">nuocytes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interleukin-13 is a central regulator in IgE synthesis, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus hypersecretion, airway hyperresponsiveness, fibrosis and chitinase up-regulation.<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a mediator of allergic <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a> and different diseases including <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Atopic_dermatitis" title="Atopic dermatitis">atopic dermatitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid38659397_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid38659397-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions">Functions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_13&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IL-13 has effects on immune cells that are similar to those of the closely related cytokine <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">IL-4</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, IL-13 is suspected to be the central mediator of the physiologic changes induced by allergic inflammation in many tissues.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although IL-13 is associated primarily with the induction of airway disease, it also has <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> properties.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IL-13 induces a class of protein-degrading enzymes, known as <a href="/wiki/Matrix_metalloproteinase" title="Matrix metalloproteinase">matrix metalloproteinases</a> (MMPs), in the airways.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These enzymes are required to induce aggression of <a href="/wiki/Parenchyma" title="Parenchyma">parenchymal</a> inflammatory cells into the airway lumen, where they are then cleared.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among other factors, IL-13 induces these MMPs as part of a mechanism that protects against excessive allergic inflammation that predisposes to asphyxiation.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IL-13 is known to induce changes in <a href="/wiki/Hematopoiesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hematopoiesis">hematopoietic</a> cells, but these effects are probably less important than that of IL-4.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, IL-13 can induce <a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E" title="Immunoglobulin E">immunoglobulin E</a> (IgE) secretion from activated human <a href="/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deletion of IL-13 from mice does not markedly affect either Th2 cell development or antigen-specific IgE responses induced by potent <a href="/wiki/Allergen" title="Allergen">allergens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In comparison, deletion of IL-4 deactivates these responses. Thus, rather than a lymphoid cytokine, IL-13 acts more prominently as a molecular bridge linking allergic inflammatory cell to the non-immune cells in contact with them, thereby altering physiological function.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096327_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096327-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The signaling of IL-13 begins through a shared multi-subunit receptor with IL-4.<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This receptor is a heterodimer receptor complex consisting of alpha <a href="/wiki/Interleukin-4_receptor" title="Interleukin-4 receptor">IL-4 receptor</a> (IL-4Rα) and alpha Interleukin-13 <a href="/wiki/Interleukin-13_receptor" title="Interleukin-13 receptor">receptor</a> (IL-13R1).<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high affinity of IL-13 to the IL-13R1 leads to their bond formation which further increase the probability of a heterodimer formation to IL-4R1 and the production of the type 2 IL-4 receptor. Heterodimerization activates both the <a href="/wiki/STAT6" title="STAT6">STAT6</a> and the IRS.<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> STAT6 signaling is important in initiation of the allergic response.<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the biological effects of IL-13, like those of IL-4, are linked to a single <a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">transcription factor</a>, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (<a href="/wiki/STAT6" title="STAT6">STAT6</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interleukin-13 and its associated receptors with α subunit of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα) allows for the downstream activation of STAT6.<sup id="cite_ref-ma830_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma830-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The JAK <a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase" title="Janus kinase">Janus kinase</a> proteins on the cytoplasmic end of the receptors allows for the phosphorylation of STAT6, which then forms an activated homodimer and are transported to the nucleus.<sup id="cite_ref-ma830_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma830-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once, in the nucleus, STAT6 heterodimer molecule regulates gene expression of cell types critical to the balance between host immune defense and allergic inflammatory responses such as the development of Th2.<sup id="cite_ref-ma830_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma830-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be resulted from an allergic reaction brought about when facing an Ala gene. IL-13 also binds to another receptor known as IL-13Rα2.<sup id="cite_ref-ma832_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma832-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IL-13Rα2 (which is labelled as a decoy receptor) is derived from Th2 cells and is a pleotropic immune regulatory cytokine.<sup id="cite_ref-ma832_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma832-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IL-13 has greater affinity (50-times) to IL-13Rα2 than to IL-13Ra1.<sup id="cite_ref-ma832_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma832-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IL-13Rα2 subunit binds only to IL-13 and it exists in both membrane-bound and soluble forms in mice.<sup id="cite_ref-ma832_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma832-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A soluble form of IL-13Rα2 has not been detected in human subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-ma832_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma832-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies of IL-13 transgenic mice lungs with IL-13Rα2 null loci indicated that IL-13Rα2 deficiency significantly augmented IL-13 or ovalbumin-induced pulmonary inflammation and remodeling.<sup id="cite_ref-ma832_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma832-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most normal cells, such as immune cells or endothelial cells, express very low or undetectable levels of IL-13 receptors.<sup id="cite_ref-ma832_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma832-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research has shown that cell-surface expression of IL-13Rα2 on human asthmatic airway fibroblasts was reduced compared with expression on normal control airway fibroblasts.<sup id="cite_ref-ma832_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma832-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This supported the hypothesis that IL-13Rα2 is a negative regulator of IL-13–induced response and illustrated significantly reduced production of TGF-β1 and deposition of collagen in the lungs of mice.<sup id="cite_ref-ma832_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma832-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interleukin-13 has a critical role in <a href="/wiki/Goblet_cell_metaplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Goblet cell metaplasia">goblet cell metaplasia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ma838_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma838-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goblet cells are filled with mucin (MUC).<sup id="cite_ref-ma838_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma838-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MUC5AC <a href="/wiki/Mucin_5AC" title="Mucin 5AC">Mucin 5AC</a> is a gel-like mucin product of goblet cells.<sup id="cite_ref-ma838_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma838-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interleukin-13 induces goblet cell differentiation and allows for the production of MUC5AC in tracheal epithelium.<sup id="cite_ref-ma838_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma838-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15LO1) which is an enzyme in the fatty acid metabolism and its metabolite, 15-HETE, are highly expressed in asthma (which lead to the overexpression of MUC5AC) and are induced by IL-13 in human airway epithelial cells. With the increasing number of goblet cells, there is the production of excessive mucus within the bronchi.<sup id="cite_ref-ma838_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma838-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The functional consequences of the changes in MUC storation and secretion contributes to the pathophysiologic mechanisms for various clinical abnormalities in asthmatic patients including sputum production, airway narrowing, exacerbation and accelerated loss in lung function.<sup id="cite_ref-ma838_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma838-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, IL-13 has been shown to induce a potent fibrogenic program during the course of diverse diseases marked by elevated Type 2 cytokines such as chronic schistosomiasis and atopic dermatitis among others. It has been suggested that this fibrogenic program is critically dependent on direct IL-13 signaling through IL-4Rα on PDGFRβ+ fibroblasts.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_13&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IL-13 is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">IL-4</a>, and both stimulate <a href="/wiki/Type_2_inflammation" title="Type 2 inflammation">Type 2 immunity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genes of this family have also been found in fish, both in bony fish<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and cartilaginous fish;<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because at that evolutionary level they can't be distinguished as IL-4 or IL-13, they have been named IL-4/13.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_13&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IL-13 specifically induces physiological changes in <a href="/wiki/Parasitism" title="Parasitism">parasitized</a> organs that are required to expel the offending organisms or their products. For example, expulsion from the gut of a variety of mouse <a href="/wiki/Helminth" class="mw-redirect" title="Helminth">helminths</a> requires IL-13 secreted by Th2 cells. IL-13 induces several changes in the gut that create an environment hostile to the parasite, including enhanced contractions and <a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein" title="Glycoprotein">glycoprotein</a> hyper-secretion from gut <a href="/wiki/Epithelium" title="Epithelium">epithelial</a> cells, that ultimately lead to detachment of the organism from the gut wall and their removal.<sup id="cite_ref-Seyfizadeh_2014_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seyfizadeh_2014-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The eggs of the parasite <i><a href="/wiki/Schistosoma_mansoni" title="Schistosoma mansoni">Schistosoma mansoni</a></i> may lodge in a variety of organs including the gut wall, liver, lung and even central nervous system, inducing the formation of <a href="/wiki/Granuloma" title="Granuloma">granulomas</a> under the control of IL-13. Here, however, the eventual result is organ damage and often profound or even fatal disease, not resolution of the infection. An emerging concept is that IL-13 may antagonize Th1 responses that are required to resolve intracellular <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infections</a>. In this immune dysregulated context, marked by the recruitment of aberrantly large numbers of Th2 cells, IL-13 inhibits the ability of host immune cells to destroy <a href="/wiki/Intracellular" class="mw-redirect" title="Intracellular">intracellular</a> <a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogens</a>. </p><p>IL-13 expression has demonstrated to be increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and cells in patients with atopic mild asthma after allergen challenge.<sup id="cite_ref-ma837_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma837-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple polymorphisms of IL-13 and genes encoding the IL-13 receptors as associated with asthma susceptibility, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and increased IgE levels.<sup id="cite_ref-ma837_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma837-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overexpression of IL-13 induces many features of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allergic_lung_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allergic lung disease (page does not exist)">allergic lung disease</a>, including airway hyperresponsiveness, <a href="/wiki/Goblet_cell_metaplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Goblet cell metaplasia">goblet cell metaplasia</a>, mucus hypersecretion and airway remodelling which all contribute to airway obstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9856949_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9856949-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> murine studies demonstrated that IL-13 was both necessary and sufficient to generate asthma-like Th2 responses in the mouse lung.<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IL-13 is mainly overexpressed in sputum, bronchial submucosa, peripheral blood and mast cells in the airway smooth muscle bundle.<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IL-4 contributes to these physiologic changes, but is less important than IL-13. IL-13 also induces secretion of <a href="/wiki/Chemokine" title="Chemokine">chemokines</a> that are required for recruitment of allergic effector cells to the lung. Studies of STAT6 transgenic mice suggest the possibility that IL-13 signaling occurring only through the airway epithelium is required for most of these effects. While no studies have yet directly implicated IL-13 in the control of human diseases, many <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">polymorphisms</a> in the IL-13 gene have been shown to confer an enhanced risk of atopic respiratory diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Seyfizadeh_2014_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seyfizadeh_2014-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a study conducted with knockout mice model for asthma, air resistance, mucus production and profibrogenic mediator induction were solely found to be dependent on the presence of IL-13R1 and not IL-13Rα2.<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies on transgenic mouse in vivo demonstrate that lung over-expression of IL-13 induces subepithelial airway fibrosis.<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IL-13 is the dominant effector in toxin, infection, allergic, and post-transplant bronchiolitis obliterans models of fibrosis.<sup id="cite_ref-ma831_7-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma831-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other research suggests that IL-13 is responsible for the promotion of the survival and the migration of epithelial cells, production of inducible nitric oxide synthase by airway epithelial cells, activation of macrophages, permeability of the epithelial cells, and transformation of airway fibroblasts to myofibroblasts leading to collagen deposition.<sup id="cite_ref-ma837_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma837-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deposition then influences the airway remodelling in asthmatic patients.<sup id="cite_ref-ma837_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma837-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides its well-established role in respiratory diseases IL-13 also plays a role in anti-inflammatory processes of other organs. It suppresses proinflammatory mediators and it is involved in wound repair after injury.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Type_1_diabetes" title="Type 1 diabetes">type I diabetes</a>, IL-13 antagonized cytotoxic insults to pancreatic β cells enhanced by <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">IL-6</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a mouse model of acetaminophen-induced liver injury eosinophil-driven <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">IL-4</a>/IL-13 mediated hepatoprotective function.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In severe <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_hepatitis" title="Alcoholic hepatitis">alcohol-associated hepatitis</a> low plasma level of IL-13 is a predictor of short-term (90-day) mortality.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in contrast to its short-term beneficiary effects in acute situations, chronically increased IL-13 contributes to development of fibrosis and <a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dupilumab" title="Dupilumab">Dupilumab</a> is a monoclonal antibody IL-13 and IL-4 modulator that targets the shared receptor of <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">IL-4</a> and IL-13, <a href="/wiki/Interleukin-4_receptor" title="Interleukin-4 receptor">IL4Rα</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ma836_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma836-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since IL-4 and IL-13 have similar biological activities, dupilumab may be an effective form of treatment for asthmatic patients.<sup id="cite_ref-ma836_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma836-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cendakimab" title="Cendakimab">Cendakimab</a> is also a monoclonal antibody to the IL-13 receptor.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_13&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-13_receptor" title="Interleukin-13 receptor">Interleukin-13 receptor</a>, the IL-13 receptor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_13&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000020383">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: 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Hait, Elizabeth (April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9053490">"Update on Emerging Pharmacologic Therapies for Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis"</a>. <i>Gastroenterology & Hepatology</i>. <b>18</b> (4): 207–212. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1554-7914">1554-7914</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9053490">9053490</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35505944">35505944</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastroenterology+%26+Hepatology&rft.atitle=Update+on+Emerging+Pharmacologic+Therapies+for+Patients+With+Eosinophilic+Esophagitis&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=207-212&rft.date=2022-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9053490%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1554-7914&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35505944&rft.aulast=Syverson&rft.aufirst=Erin+Phillips&rft.au=Hait%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9053490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+13" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_13&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaroneFlorioPetrarolide_Paulis2001" class="citation journal cs1">Marone G, Florio G, Petraroli A, de Paulis A (January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1067%2Fmai.2001.111589">"Dysregulation of the IgE/Fc epsilon RI network in HIV-1 infection"</a>. <i>The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology</i>. <b>107</b> (1): 22–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1067%2Fmai.2001.111589">10.1067/mai.2001.111589</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11149986">11149986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Allergy+and+Clinical+Immunology&rft.atitle=Dysregulation+of+the+IgE%2FFc+epsilon+RI+network+in+HIV-1+infection&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=22-30&rft.date=2001-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1067%2Fmai.2001.111589&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11149986&rft.aulast=Marone&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Florio%2C+G&rft.au=Petraroli%2C+A&rft.au=de+Paulis%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1067%252Fmai.2001.111589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+13" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaroneFlorioTriggianiPetraroli2001" class="citation journal cs1">Marone G, Florio G, Triggiani M, Petraroli A, de Paulis A (2001). "Mechanisms of IgE elevation in HIV-1 infection". <i>Critical Reviews in Immunology</i>. <b>20</b> (6): 477–496. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1615%2Fcritrevimmunol.v20.i6.40">10.1615/critrevimmunol.v20.i6.40</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11396683">11396683</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Immunology&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+IgE+elevation+in+HIV-1+infection&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=477-496&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1615%2Fcritrevimmunol.v20.i6.40&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11396683&rft.aulast=Marone&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Florio%2C+G&rft.au=Triggiani%2C+M&rft.au=Petraroli%2C+A&rft.au=de+Paulis%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+13" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkinniderKappMak2002" class="citation journal cs1">Skinnider BF, Kapp U, Mak TW (June 2002). "The role of interleukin 13 in classical Hodgkin lymphoma". <i>Leukemia & Lymphoma</i>. <b>43</b> (6): 1203–1210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10428190290026259">10.1080/10428190290026259</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12152987">12152987</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21083414">21083414</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leukemia+%26+Lymphoma&rft.atitle=The+role+of+interleukin+13+in+classical+Hodgkin+lymphoma&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1203-1210&rft.date=2002-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A21083414%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12152987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10428190290026259&rft.aulast=Skinnider&rft.aufirst=BF&rft.au=Kapp%2C+U&rft.au=Mak%2C+TW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+13" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIzuharaArimaYasunaga2002" class="citation journal cs1">Izuhara K, Arima K, Yasunaga S (September 2002). "IL-4 and IL-13: their pathological roles in allergic diseases and their potential in developing new therapies". <i>Current Drug Targets. Inflammation and Allergy</i>. <b>1</b> (3): 263–269. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2174%2F1568010023344661">10.2174/1568010023344661</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14561191">14561191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Drug+Targets.+Inflammation+and+Allergy&rft.atitle=IL-4+and+IL-13%3A+their+pathological+roles+in+allergic+diseases+and+their+potential+in+developing+new+therapies&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=263-269&rft.date=2002-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2174%2F1568010023344661&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14561191&rft.aulast=Izuhara&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Arima%2C+K&rft.au=Yasunaga%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+13" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesseinKouribaEboumbouDessein2004" class="citation journal cs1">Dessein A, Kouriba B, Eboumbou C, Dessein H, Argiro L, Marquet S, et al. (October 2004). "Interleukin-13 in the skin and interferon-gamma in the liver are key players in immune protection in human schistosomiasis". <i>Immunological Reviews</i>. <b>201</b>: 180–190. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0105-2896.2004.00195.x">10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00195.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15361241">15361241</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25378236">25378236</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immunological+Reviews&rft.atitle=Interleukin-13+in+the+skin+and+interferon-gamma+in+the+liver+are+key+players+in+immune+protection+in+human+schistosomiasis&rft.volume=201&rft.pages=180-190&rft.date=2004-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25378236%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15361241&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0105-2896.2004.00195.x&rft.aulast=Dessein&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Kouriba%2C+B&rft.au=Eboumbou%2C+C&rft.au=Dessein%2C+H&rft.au=Argiro%2C+L&rft.au=Marquet%2C+S&rft.au=Elwali%2C+NE&rft.au=Rodrigues%2C+V&rft.au=Li%2C+Y&rft.au=Doumbo%2C+O&rft.au=Chevillard%2C+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+13" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopeland2005" class="citation journal cs1">Copeland KF (December 2005). "Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines". <i>Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry</i>. <b>5</b> (12): 1093–1101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2174%2F138955705774933383">10.2174/138955705774933383</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16375755">16375755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mini+Reviews+in+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+HIV-1+transcription+by+cytokines+and+chemokines&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1093-1101&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2174%2F138955705774933383&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16375755&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.aufirst=KF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+13" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_13&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Overview of all the structural information available in the <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> for <a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/pdbe-kb/proteins/P35225">P35225</a></i> (Interleukin-13) at the <a href="/wiki/PDBe-KB" title="PDBe-KB">PDBe-KB</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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INTERLEUKIN-13" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/PDB_1ga3_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1ga3_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/PDB_1ga3_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1ga3_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/PDB_1ga3_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1ga3_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1ga3</b>: NMR STRUCTURE OF INTERLEUKIN-13</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1ijz_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1ijz: Solution Structure of Human IL-13"><img alt="1ijz: Solution Structure of Human IL-13" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/PDB_1ijz_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1ijz_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/PDB_1ijz_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1ijz_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/PDB_1ijz_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1ijz_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1ijz</b>: Solution Structure of Human IL-13</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1ik0_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1ik0: Solution Structure of Human IL-13"><img alt="1ik0: Solution Structure of Human IL-13" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/PDB_1ik0_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1ik0_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/PDB_1ik0_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1ik0_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/PDB_1ik0_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1ik0_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1ik0</b>: Solution Structure of Human IL-13</div> </li> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cell_signaling:_cytokines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokines" title="Template:Cytokines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cytokines" title="Template talk:Cytokines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cytokines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cytokines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cell_signaling:_cytokines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">Cell signaling</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemokine" title="Chemokine">Chemokine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CCL</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCL1" title="CCL1">CCL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL2" title="CCL2">CCL2</a>/MCP1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL3" title="CCL3">CCL3</a>/MIP1α</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL4" title="CCL4">CCL4</a>/MIP1β</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL5" title="CCL5">CCL5</a>/RANTES</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL6" title="CCL6">CCL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL7" title="CCL7">CCL7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL8" title="CCL8">CCL8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL9" title="CCL9">CCL9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL11" title="CCL11">CCL11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL12" title="CCL12">CCL12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL13" title="CCL13">CCL13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL14" title="CCL14">CCL14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL15" title="CCL15">CCL15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL16" title="CCL16">CCL16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL17" title="CCL17">CCL17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL18" title="CCL18">CCL18</a>/PARC/DCCK1/AMAC1/MIP4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL19" title="CCL19">CCL19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL20" title="CCL20">CCL20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL21" title="CCL21">CCL21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL22" title="CCL22">CCL22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL23" title="CCL23">CCL23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL24" title="CCL24">CCL24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL25" title="CCL25">CCL25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL26" title="CCL26">CCL26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-C_motif_chemokine_ligand_27" title="C-C motif chemokine ligand 27">CCL27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL28" title="CCL28">CCL28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CXCL</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CXCL1" title="CXCL1">CXCL1</a>/KC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL2" title="CXCL2">CXCL2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL3" title="CXCL3">CXCL3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platelet_factor_4" title="Platelet factor 4">CXCL4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL5" title="CXCL5">CXCL5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL6" title="CXCL6">CXCL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL7" title="CXCL7">CXCL7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_8" title="Interleukin 8">CXCL8/IL8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL9" title="CXCL9">CXCL9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL10" title="CXCL10">CXCL10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL11" title="CXCL11">CXCL11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDF-1_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="SDF-1 (biology)">CXCL12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL13" title="CXCL13">CXCL13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL14" title="CXCL14">CXCL14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL15" title="CXCL15">CXCL15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL16" title="CXCL16">CXCL16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL17" title="CXCL17">CXCL17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CX3CL</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CX3CL1" title="CX3CL1">CX3CL1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">XCL</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XCL1" title="XCL1">XCL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCL2" title="XCL2">XCL2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factors">TNF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor alpha">TNFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphotoxin" title="Lymphotoxin">Lymphotoxin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lymphotoxin_alpha" title="Lymphotoxin alpha">TNFB/LTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphotoxin_beta" title="Lymphotoxin beta">TNFC/LTB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OX40L" class="mw-redirect" title="OX40L">TNFSF4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD154" title="CD154">TNFSF5/CD40LG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas_ligand" title="Fas ligand">TNFSF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD70" title="CD70">TNFSF7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD153" title="CD153">TNFSF8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-1BB_ligand" class="mw-redirect" title="4-1BB ligand">TNFSF9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRAIL" title="TRAIL">TNFSF10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RANKL" title="RANKL">TNFSF11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_proliferation-inducing_ligand" class="mw-redirect" title="A proliferation-inducing ligand">TNFSF13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-cell_activating_factor" title="B-cell activating factor">TNFSF13B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDA_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="EDA (gene)">EDA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Type_I_cytokine_receptor" title="Type I cytokine receptor">Type I</a><br />(grouped by<br />receptor<br />subunit)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_gamma_chain" title="Common gamma chain">γ chain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_2" title="Interleukin 2">IL2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_15" title="Interleukin 15">IL15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">IL4</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">IL13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_7" title="Interleukin 7">IL7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_9" title="Interleukin 9">IL9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_21" title="Interleukin 21">IL21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CSF2RB" title="CSF2RB">β chain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_3" title="Interleukin 3">IL3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5" title="Interleukin 5">IL5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor">GMCSF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IL6 like/<a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_130" title="Glycoprotein 130">gp130</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">IL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_11" title="Interleukin 11">IL11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_27" title="Interleukin 27">IL27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_30" title="Interleukin 30">IL30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_31" title="Interleukin 31">IL31</a> <ul><li>+non IL <a href="/wiki/Oncostatin_M" title="Oncostatin M">OSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor">LIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor">CNTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiotrophin_1" title="Cardiotrophin 1">CTF1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IL12_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IL12 family (page does not exist)">IL12 family</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12_receptor,_beta_1_subunit" title="Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit">IL12RB1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12" title="Interleukin 12">IL12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_23" title="Interleukin 23">IL23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_27" title="Interleukin 27">IL27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_35" title="Interleukin 35">IL35</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-taxilin" title="Alpha-taxilin">IL14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_16" title="Interleukin 16">IL16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_32" title="Interleukin 32">IL32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_34" title="Interleukin 34">IL34</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Type_II_cytokine_receptor" title="Type II cytokine receptor">Type II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IL10_family" class="mw-redirect" title="IL10 family">IL10 family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10" title="Interleukin 10">IL10</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_22" title="Interleukin 22">IL22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_19" title="Interleukin 19">IL19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_20" title="Interleukin 20">IL20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_24" title="Interleukin 24">IL24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_26" title="Interleukin 26">IL26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_type_III" title="Interferon type III">Interferon type III</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_28" title="Interleukin 28">IL28/IFNL2+3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_29" title="Interleukin 29">IL29/IFNL1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interferon" title="Interferon">Interferon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interferon_type_I" title="Interferon type I">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alpha_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon alpha 1">IFNA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA2" title="IFNA2">IFNA2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA4" title="IFNA4">IFNA4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA5" title="IFNA5">IFNA5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA6" title="IFNA6">IFNA6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA7" title="IFNA7">IFNA7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA8" title="IFNA8">IFNA8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA10" title="IFNA10">IFNA10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA13" title="IFNA13">IFNA13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA14" title="IFNA14">IFNA14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA16" title="IFNA16">IFNA16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA17" title="IFNA17">IFNA17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA21" title="IFNA21">IFNA21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNB1" title="IFNB1">IFNB1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNK" title="IFNK">IFNK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNW1" title="IFNW1">IFNW1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interferon_type_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon type II">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma" title="Interferon gamma">IFNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily" title="Immunoglobulin superfamily">Ig superfamily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 family">IL1 family</a>: <a href="/wiki/IL1A" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1A">IL1A/IL1F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_beta" title="Interleukin 1 beta">IL1B/IL1F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist">1Ra/IL1F3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL1F5" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1F5">IL1F5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL36A" title="IL36A">IL1F6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL1F7" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1F7">IL1F7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL36B" title="IL36B">IL1F8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL1F9" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1F9">IL1F9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL1F10" title="IL1F10">IL1F10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_33" title="Interleukin 33">33/IL1F11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_18" title="Interleukin 18">18/IL1G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IL17_family" class="mw-redirect" title="IL17 family">IL17 family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_17" title="Interleukin 17">IL17</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_25" title="Interleukin 25">IL25</a> (<a href="/wiki/IL17A" class="mw-redirect" title="IL17A">IL17A</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hematopoietic">Hematopoietic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_factor" title="Stem cell factor">KITLG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony-stimulating_factor" title="Colony-stimulating factor">Colony-stimulating factor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteopontin" title="Osteopontin">SPP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrophage_migration_inhibitory_factor" title="Macrophage migration inhibitory factor">MIF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By function/<br />cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proinflammatory_cytokine" class="mw-redirect" title="Proinflammatory cytokine">proinflammatory cytokine</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1">IL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor alpha">TNFA</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monokine" title="Monokine">Monokine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphokine" title="Lymphokine">Lymphokine</a> <ul><li><i>T<sub>h</sub>1</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma" title="Interferon gamma">IFNγ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor beta">TNFβ</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>T<sub>h</sub>2</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">IL4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5" title="Interleukin 5">IL5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">IL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10" title="Interleukin 10">IL10</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IL13</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Interleukin_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interleukin_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Interleukin receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Interleukin_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Interleukin receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Interleukin_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Interleukin receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Interleukin_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_receptor" title="Interleukin receptor">Interleukin receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-1_receptor" title="Interleukin-1 receptor">IL-1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1">Interleukin 1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 alpha">α</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_beta" title="Interleukin 1 beta">β</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobenakin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobenakin (page does not exist)">Mobenakin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pifonakin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pifonakin (page does not exist)">Pifonakin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=AF-12198&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AF-12198 (page does not exist)">AF-12198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anakinra" title="Anakinra">Anakinra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist">IL-1RA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isunakinra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isunakinra (page does not exist)">Isunakinra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Canakinumab" title="Canakinumab">Canakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevokizumab" title="Gevokizumab">Gevokizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutikizumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutikizumab (page does not exist)">Lutikizumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Rilonacept" title="Rilonacept">Rilonacept (IL-1 Trap)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-2_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin-2 receptor">IL-2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adargileukin_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adargileukin alfa (page does not exist)">Adargileukin alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldesleukin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldesleukin">Aldesleukin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celmoleukin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celmoleukin (page does not exist)">Celmoleukin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denileukin_diftitox" title="Denileukin diftitox">Denileukin diftitox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_2" title="Interleukin 2">Interleukin 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegaldesleukin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegaldesleukin (page does not exist)">Pegaldesleukin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teceleukin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teceleukin (page does not exist)">Teceleukin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucotuzumab_celmoleukin" title="Tucotuzumab celmoleukin">Tucotuzumab celmoleukin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Basiliximab" title="Basiliximab">Basiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daclizumab" title="Daclizumab">Daclizumab (dacliximab)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inolimomab" title="Inolimomab">Inolimomab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-3_receptor" title="Interleukin-3 receptor">IL-3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniplestim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniplestim (page does not exist)">Daniplestim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_3" title="Interleukin 3">Interleukin 3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leridistim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leridistim (page does not exist)">Leridistim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milodistim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milodistim (page does not exist)">Milodistim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muplestim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muplestim (page does not exist)">Muplestim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegapoietin" title="Promegapoietin">Promegapoietin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-4_receptor" title="Interleukin-4 receptor">IL-4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Binetrakin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binetrakin (page does not exist)">Binetrakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">Interleukin 4</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interleukin 13</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Pitrakinra" title="Pitrakinra">Pitrakinra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dupilumab" title="Dupilumab">Dupilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascolizumab" title="Pascolizumab">Pascolizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-5_receptor" title="Interleukin-5 receptor">IL-5</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5" title="Interleukin 5">Interleukin 5</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=YM-90709&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YM-90709 (page does not exist)">YM-90709</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Benralizumab" title="Benralizumab">Benralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepolizumab" title="Mepolizumab">Mepolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reslizumab" title="Reslizumab">Reslizumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antisense oligonucleotides:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=TPI_ASM8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TPI ASM8 (page does not exist)">TPI ASM8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-6_receptor" title="Interleukin-6 receptor">IL-6</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atexakin_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atexakin alfa (page does not exist)">Atexakin alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">Interleukin 6</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARGX-109&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARGX-109 (page does not exist)">ARGX-109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clazakizumab" title="Clazakizumab">Clazakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsilimomab" title="Elsilimomab">Elsilimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MAb_1339&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MAb 1339 (page does not exist)">mAb 1339</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokizumab" title="Olokizumab">Olokizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltuximab" title="Siltuximab">Siltuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirukumab" title="Sirukumab">Sirukumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levilimab" title="Levilimab">Levilimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-7_receptor" title="Interleukin-7 receptor">IL-7</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_7" title="Interleukin 7">Interleukin 7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-8_receptor" title="Interleukin-8 receptor">IL-8</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See CXCR1 (IL-8Rα) and CXCR2 (IL-8Rβ) <a href="/wiki/Template:Chemokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Chemokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_9_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 9 receptor">IL-9</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_9" title="Interleukin 9">Interleukin 9</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enokizumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enokizumab (page does not exist)">Enokizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-10_receptor" title="Interleukin-10 receptor">IL-10</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilodecakin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilodecakin (page does not exist)">Ilodecakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10" title="Interleukin 10">Interleukin 10 (CSIF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-11_receptor" title="Interleukin-11 receptor">IL-11</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_11" title="Interleukin 11">Interleukin 11 (AGIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprelvekin" title="Oprelvekin">Oprelvekin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-12_receptor" title="Interleukin-12 receptor">IL-12</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edodekin_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edodekin alfa (page does not exist)">Edodekin alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12" title="Interleukin 12">Interleukin 12</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Briakinumab" title="Briakinumab">Briakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-13_receptor" title="Interleukin-13 receptor">IL-13</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Binetrakin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binetrakin (page does not exist)">Binetrakin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cintredekin_besudotox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cintredekin besudotox (page does not exist)">Cintredekin besudotox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">Interleukin 4</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interleukin 13</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anrukinzumab" title="Anrukinzumab">Anrukinzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebrikizumab" title="Lebrikizumab">Lebrikizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tralokinumab" title="Tralokinumab">Tralokinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-15_receptor" title="Interleukin-15 receptor">IL-15</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/ALT-803" class="mw-redirect" title="ALT-803">ALT-803</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_15" title="Interleukin 15">Interleukin 15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-17_receptor" title="Interleukin-17 receptor">IL-17</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_17" title="Interleukin 17">Interleukin 17</a> (<a href="/wiki/IL17A" class="mw-redirect" title="IL17A">A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IL17B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IL17B (page does not exist)">B</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IL17C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IL17C (page does not exist)">C</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IL17D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IL17D (page does not exist)">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/IL17E" class="mw-redirect" title="IL17E">E (interleukin 25)</a>, <a href="/wiki/IL17F" class="mw-redirect" title="IL17F">F</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Brodalumab" title="Brodalumab">Brodalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixekizumab" title="Ixekizumab">Ixekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perakizumab" title="Perakizumab">Perakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remtolumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remtolumab (page does not exist)">Remtolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secukinumab" title="Secukinumab">Secukinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vunakizumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vunakizumab (page does not exist)">Vunakizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-18_receptor" title="Interleukin-18 receptor">IL-18</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iboctadekin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iboctadekin (page does not exist)">Iboctadekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_18" title="Interleukin 18">Interleukin 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_37" title="Interleukin 37">Interleukin 37</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadekinig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tadekinig (page does not exist)">Tadekinig</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Binding proteins:</i> <a href="/wiki/IL18BP" title="IL18BP">IL18BP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-20_receptor" title="Interleukin-20 receptor">IL-20</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_19" title="Interleukin 19">Interleukin 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_20" title="Interleukin 20">Interleukin 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_24" title="Interleukin 24">Interleukin 24</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Fletikumab" title="Fletikumab">Fletikumab</a> (against IL-20)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-21_receptor" title="Interleukin-21 receptor">IL-21</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denenicokin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denenicokin (page does not exist)">Denenicokin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_21" title="Interleukin 21">Interleukin 21</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=NNC0114-0005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NNC0114-0005 (page does not exist)">NNC0114-0005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NNC0114-0006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NNC0114-0006 (page does not exist)">NNC0114-0006</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-22_receptor" title="Interleukin-22 receptor">IL-22</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_22" title="Interleukin 22">Interleukin 22</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Fezakinumab" title="Fezakinumab">Fezakinumab</a> (against IL-22)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-23_receptor" title="Interleukin-23 receptor">IL-23</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_23" title="Interleukin 23">Interleukin 23 (SGRF)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Brazikumab" title="Brazikumab">Brazikumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briakinumab" title="Briakinumab">Briakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guselkumab" title="Guselkumab">Guselkumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risankizumab" title="Risankizumab">Risankizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tildrakizumab" title="Tildrakizumab">Tildrakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-27_receptor" title="Interleukin-27 receptor">IL-27</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_27" title="Interleukin 27">Interleukin 27 (interleukin 30)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-28_receptor" title="Interleukin-28 receptor">IL-28</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interferon_%CE%BB4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interferon λ4 (page does not exist)">Interferon λ4 (IFN-λ4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_28" title="Interleukin 28">Interleukin 28</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_28A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interleukin 28A (page does not exist)">A (IFN-λ2)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_28B" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 28B">B (IFN-λ3)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_29" title="Interleukin 29">Interleukin-29 (IFN-λ1)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-31_receptor" title="Interleukin-31 receptor">IL-31</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_31" title="Interleukin 31">Interleukin 31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor-like_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 receptor-like 1">IL1RL1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_33" title="Interleukin 33">Interleukin 33</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor-like_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 receptor-like 2">IL1RL2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_36" title="Interleukin 36">Interleukin 36</a> (<a href="/wiki/IL36A" title="IL36A">α</a>, <a href="/wiki/IL36B" title="IL36B">β</a>, <a href="/wiki/IL36G" title="IL36G">γ</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_38" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 38">Interleukin 38</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_36_receptor_antagonist" title="Interleukin 36 receptor antagonist">IL-36RA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase" title="Janus kinase">JAK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_14" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 14">Interleukin 14 (taxilin alpha, HMW-BCGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_16" title="Interleukin 16">Interleukin 16</a> (signals through <a href="/wiki/CD4" title="CD4">CD4</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_24" title="Interleukin 24">Interleukin 24</a> (signals through <a href="/wiki/IL22RA1" title="IL22RA1">IL-22Rα1</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_20_receptor,_beta_subunit" title="Interleukin 20 receptor, beta subunit">IL-20Rβ</a> heterodimer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_26" title="Interleukin 26">Interleukin 26</a> (signals through <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_20_receptor,_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit">IL-20Rα</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10_receptor,_beta_subunit" title="Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit">IL-10Rβ</a> heterodimer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_32" title="Interleukin 32">Interleukin 32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_34" title="Interleukin 34">Interleukin 34</a> (signals through <a href="/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor" title="Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor">M-CSFR/CSF1R</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_35" title="Interleukin 35">Interleukin 35</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Unsorted:</i> <a href="/wiki/Efavaleukin_alfa" title="Efavaleukin alfa">Efavaleukin alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efineptakin_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efineptakin alfa (page does not exist)">Efineptakin alfa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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