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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition_and_preparation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition_and_preparation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nutrition and preparation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition_and_preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Use in dishes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use_in_dishes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use in dishes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use_in_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paneer_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paneer_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Paneer dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paneer_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_cheeses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_cheeses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Similar cheeses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_cheeses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Paneer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="بنير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE)" title="পনির (দক্ষিণ এশিয়া) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পনির (দক্ষিণ এশিয়া)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%80_(%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80)" title="Панір (сыр) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Панір (сыр)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="पनीर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पनीर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panir" title="Panir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Panir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C3%BDr" title="Panýr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panýr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panir" title="Panir – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panir" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queso_panir" title="Queso panir – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Queso panir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panir" title="Panir – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Panir" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="پنیر آسیایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پنیر آسیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panir" title="Panir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Panir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paneer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B0" title="પનીર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પનીર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%8B%88%EB%A5%B4" title="파니르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파니르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%80_(%D5%B0%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="Պանիր (հնդկական) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պանիր (հնդկական)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="पनीर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पनीर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paner" title="Paner – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Paner" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paneer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paneer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8" title="גבינת פניר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גבינת פניר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paneer" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪನೀರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪನೀರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%86" title="ژامَن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ژامَن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="पनीर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पनीर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC" title="പനീർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പനീർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="पनीर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पनीर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paneer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paneer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="पनीर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पनीर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="パニール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パニール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C3%ADr" title="Panír – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panír" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C3%ADr" title="Panír – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Panír" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panir" title="Panir – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Panir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0" title="ਪਨੀਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਨੀਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="پنیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پنیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panir" title="Panir – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Panir" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paneer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paneer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80_(%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80)" title="Панир (сыр) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панир (сыр)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paneer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paneer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Paneer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="పనీర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పనీర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3" title="ปนีร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปนีร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Paneer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%80" title="Панір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="پنیر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پنیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1139546#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Paneer</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Panir_Paneer_Indian_cheese_fresh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Panir_Paneer_Indian_cheese_fresh.jpg/220px-Panir_Paneer_Indian_cheese_fresh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Panir_Paneer_Indian_cheese_fresh.jpg/330px-Panir_Paneer_Indian_cheese_fresh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Panir_Paneer_Indian_cheese_fresh.jpg/440px-Panir_Paneer_Indian_cheese_fresh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2004" data-file-height="1503" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Paneer</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Ponir, Indian cottage cheese</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">Cheese</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Region or state</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient">Cow or buffalo milk</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Other information</th><td class="infobox-data">Rich source of milk protein</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Paneer" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Paneer">Media: Paneer</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Paneer</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hns-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[/pəˈniːr/]</a></span>), is a <a href="/wiki/Fresh_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresh cheese">fresh</a> <a href="/wiki/Acid-set_cheese" title="Acid-set cheese">acid-set cheese</a>, common in <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">cuisine of South Asia</a>, made from cow milk or buffalo milk.<sup id="cite_ref-Kumar11_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kumar11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Cheese_ripening" title="Cheese ripening">non-aged</a>, non-melting <a href="/wiki/Soft_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft cheese">soft cheese</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Curdling" title="Curdling">curdling</a> milk with a fruit- or vegetable-derived acid, such as lemon juice. </p><p>Paneer was predominantly used in most north Indian dishes and is now commonly used throughout India due to its versatility as an ingredient in diverse dishes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paneer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>paneer</i> entered English from the <a href="/wiki/Hindi-Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi-Urdu">Hindi-Urdu</a> term <i>panīr</i>, which comes from <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">panir</i></span> (<span lang="fa"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1#Persian" class="extiw" title="wikt:پنیر">پنیر</a></span>) 'cheese', which comes from Old Iranian.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> <span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">panir</i></span> (<span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">պանիր</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> <span title="Azerbaijani-language text"><i lang="az">pəndir</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> <i>ponir</i> (পনির), <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">peynir</i></span> and <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> <span title="Turkmen-language romanization"><i lang="tk-Latn">peýnir</i></span>, all derived from Persian <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">panir</i></span>, also refer to cheese of any type.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paneer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Chhena" title="Chhena">Chhena</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sp_rajjo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A gravy-based dish with many thick cheese cubes together with some vegetables and spices is shown. In the lower parts of the image, some coriander leaves have been added on top as a garnish." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sp_rajjo.jpg/220px-Sp_rajjo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sp_rajjo.jpg/330px-Sp_rajjo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sp_rajjo.jpg/440px-Sp_rajjo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="3345" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Shahi_paneer" title="Shahi paneer">Shahi paneer</a></i>, a dish from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> with paneer as a primary ingredient</figcaption></figure> <p>The origin of paneer is debated. <a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Ancient Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan people">Afghan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese</a> origins have been proposed for paneer.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanjeev_2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanjeev_2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Legends about <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> make several references to milk, butter, <a href="/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee">ghee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dahi_(curd)" title="Dahi (curd)">dahi</a> (yogurt), but do not mention <a href="/wiki/Sour_milk_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Sour milk cheese">sour milk cheese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harlan_2000_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harlan_2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Berriedale_Keith" title="Arthur Berriedale Keith">Arthur Berriedale Keith</a>, a kind of cheese is "perhaps referred to" in <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> 6.48.18.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Schrader_(philologist)" title="Otto Schrader (philologist)">Otto Schrader</a> (1890) believes that the Rigveda only mentions "a skin of sour milk, not cheese in the proper sense".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vedic literature refers to a substance that is interpreted by some authors, such as <a href="/wiki/K._T._Achaya" title="K. T. Achaya">K. T. Achaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_(historian)" title="Om Prakash (historian)">Om Prakash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanjeev_Kapoor" title="Sanjeev Kapoor">Sanjeev Kapoor</a>, as a possible form of paneer, but without definitive evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanjeev_2010_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanjeev_2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Donnelly" title="Catherine Donnelly">Catherine Donnelly</a>, author of <i>The Oxford Companion to Cheese</i> (2016), mentions that Vedic literature refers to cheese production made with the aid of barks of palash tree (<i><a href="/wiki/Butea_monosperma" title="Butea monosperma">Butea monosperma</a></i>), fruits like jujube (<i><a href="/wiki/Ziziphus_mauritiana" title="Ziziphus mauritiana">Ziziphus mauritiana</a></i>) and creeper like putika with coagulating enzymes, "as well as Dadhanvat, a cheese-like substance made with and without pores". According to Catherine Donnelly, these plant substances may have contained <a href="/wiki/Rennet" title="Rennet">rennet</a>-like enzymes and notes that the "Vedas may include some of the earliest known references to rennet-coagulated cheeses".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Lokopakara</i> text dated to the 10th century gives two recipes for coagulated cheeses made from <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">buffalo</a> milk for making sweets using plants and roots. According to the text, buffalo milk was coagulated using roots of <a href="/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth">amaranth</a> plant or leaves of marsh barbel (<i><a href="/wiki/Hygrophila_auriculata" title="Hygrophila auriculata">Hygrophila auriculata</a></i>); the soft cheese produced in this manner was called <i>Haluvuga</i>. In the second recipe, buffalo milk was coagulated with Indian mallow (<i><a href="/wiki/Abutilon_indicum" title="Abutilon indicum">Abutilon indicum</a></i>) or country mallow (<i><a href="/wiki/Sida_cordifolia" title="Sida cordifolia">Sida cordifolia</a></i>) and was made into balls for sweets.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Manasollasa" title="Manasollasa">Manasollasa</a></i>, a Sanskrit-language text by the 12th-century king <a href="/wiki/Someshvara_III" title="Someshvara III">Someshvara III</a>, describes <i>Kshiraprakara</i>, a similar sweet food prepared from milk solids after separating boiled milk using buttermilk.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Michael2011_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael2011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another theory is that like the word itself, paneer originated in <a href="/wiki/Persianate" class="mw-redirect" title="Persianate">Persianate</a> lands and spread to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> under <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> rule.<sup id="cite_ref-origin_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-origin-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paneer, according to this theory, was developed and moulded to suit local tastes under these rulers, and the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> are when paneer as currently known developed. Another theory states that paneer is <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghan</a> in origin and spread to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> from the lands that make up <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-origin_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-origin-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/National_Dairy_Research_Institute" title="National Dairy Research Institute">National Dairy Research Institute</a> states that paneer was introduced into India by Afghan and Iranian invaders.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on texts such as <i><a href="/wiki/Charaka_Samhita" title="Charaka Samhita">Charaka Samhita</a></i>, BN Mathur wrote that the earliest evidence of a heat-acid coagulated milk product in India can be traced to 75–300 CE, in the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a>-<a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahana</a> era.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sunil Kumar <i>et al</i>.(2011) interpret this product as the present-day paneer. According to them, paneer is indigenous to the north-western part of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and was introduced in India by Afghan and Iranian travellers.<sup id="cite_ref-Kumar11_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kumar11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another theory is that the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> may have introduced the technique of "breaking" milk with acid to <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> in the 17th century. Thus, according to this theory, Indian acid-set cheeses such as paneer and chhena were first prepared in Bengal, under Portuguese influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Harlan_2000_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harlan_2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A type of smoked cheese called <a href="/wiki/Bandel_cheese" title="Bandel cheese">Bandel cheese</a> was introduced by the Portuguese in Bengal, which is distinct from paneer.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition_and_preparation">Nutrition and preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paneer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nutrition and preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">paneer</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,251 kJ (299 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">23.3 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">22.5 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">15.5 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">15.9 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">beta-Carotene</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">17%</div> 155 μg<div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div>34 μg</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">46%</div> 597 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">14%</div> 58 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">39%</div> 490 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">24%</div> 728 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 185 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">19%</div> 2.04 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts/vegetables-and-vegetable-products/2666/2">nutritiondata.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Paneer is prepared by adding food <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acid</a>, such as lemon juice, vinegar, <a href="/wiki/Citric_acid" title="Citric acid">citric acid</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dahi_(curd)" title="Dahi (curd)">dahi</a> (yogurt),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to hot milk to separate the <a href="/wiki/Curd" title="Curd">curds</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Whey" title="Whey">whey</a>. The curds are drained in <a href="/wiki/Muslin" title="Muslin">muslin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cheesecloth" title="Cheesecloth">cheesecloth</a> and the excess water is pressed out. The resulting paneer is dipped in chilled water for 2–3 hours to improve its texture and appearance. From this point, the preparation of paneer diverges based on its use and regional tradition. </p><p>In north Indian cuisines, the curds are wrapped in cloth, placed under a heavy weight such as a stone slab for two to three hours, and then cut into cubes for use in <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curries</a>. Pressing for a shorter time (approximately 20 minutes) results in a softer, fluffier cheese. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odia_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia cuisine">Odia</a> and other East Indian cuisines, the chhena are beaten or kneaded by hand into a dough-like consistency, heavily salted and hardened to produce paneer (called <i>ponir</i>), which is typically eaten in slices at <a href="/wiki/Teatime" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatime">teatime</a> with <a href="/wiki/Biscuit" title="Biscuit">biscuits</a> or various types of <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deep-frying" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep-frying">deep-fried</a> in a light batter or used in cooking. </p><p>In the area surrounding the city of <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <i>surti paneer</i> is made by draining the curds and ripening them in whey for 12 to 36 hours. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_dishes">Use in dishes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paneer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Use in dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paneer is the most common type of cheese used in traditional <a href="/wiki/Cuisines_from_the_Indian_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisines from the Indian subcontinent">cuisines from the Indian subcontinent</a>. It is sometimes wrapped in dough and deep-fried or served with either spinach (<a href="/wiki/Palak_paneer" title="Palak paneer">palak paneer</a>) or peas (<a href="/wiki/Mattar_paneer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mattar paneer">mattar paneer</a>). Paneer dishes can be sweet, like shahi paneer, or spicy/hot, like chilli paneer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paneer_dishes">Paneer dishes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paneer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Paneer dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some paneer recipes include: </p> <ul><li>Paneer pulao (paneer with rice)</li> <li>Mattar paneer (paneer with peas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_paneer" title="Shahi paneer">Shahi paneer</a> (paneer cooked in a rich <a href="/wiki/Mughlai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughlai">Mughlai</a> curry)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneer_tikka" title="Paneer tikka">Paneer tikka</a> (a vegetarian version of <a href="/wiki/Chicken_tikka" title="Chicken tikka">chicken tikka</a>, paneer placed on skewers and roasted)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneer_tikka_masala" title="Paneer tikka masala">Paneer tikka masala</a></li> <li>Chilli paneer (an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Indian Chinese cuisine">Indo-Chinese preparation</a> with spicy chilies, onions and green peppers, usually served dry and garnished with spring onions)</li> <li>Kadai Paneer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakoda">Paneer pakora</a> (paneer <a href="/wiki/Fritters" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritters">fritters</a>)</li> <li>Palak paneer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoya_paneer" title="Khoya paneer">Khoya paneer</a></li> <li>Paneer <a href="/wiki/Momo_(dumpling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Momo (dumpling)">momo</a></li> <li>Paneer butter masala</li> <li>Paneer pasanda (shallow-fried stuffed paneer sandwiches in a smooth, creamy onion-tomato based gravy)</li> <li>Paneer lababdar</li> <li>Paneer Do Pyaza (named so because twice the normal amount of <a href="/wiki/Onions" class="mw-redirect" title="Onions">onions</a> are used in this recipe).</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chamcham_-_Bainan_-_Howrah_2015-04-14_7905.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chomchom is a popular paneer sweet"><img alt="Chomchom is a popular paneer sweet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chamcham_-_Bainan_-_Howrah_2015-04-14_7905.JPG/106px-Chamcham_-_Bainan_-_Howrah_2015-04-14_7905.JPG" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chamcham_-_Bainan_-_Howrah_2015-04-14_7905.JPG/159px-Chamcham_-_Bainan_-_Howrah_2015-04-14_7905.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chamcham_-_Bainan_-_Howrah_2015-04-14_7905.JPG/213px-Chamcham_-_Bainan_-_Howrah_2015-04-14_7905.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Chomchom" title="Chomchom">Chomchom</a> is a popular paneer sweet </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChennaPoda.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chhena poda is a popular baked paneer cheese-cake from India"><img alt="Chhena poda is a popular baked paneer cheese-cake from India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/ChennaPoda.jpg/250px-ChennaPoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/ChennaPoda.jpg/330px-ChennaPoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/ChennaPoda.jpg/500px-ChennaPoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Chhena_poda" title="Chhena poda">Chhena poda</a> is a popular baked paneer cheese-cake from India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gur_er_Sandesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sandesh is a popular paneer sweet dish."><img alt="Sandesh is a popular paneer sweet dish." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Gur_er_Sandesh.jpg/250px-Gur_er_Sandesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Gur_er_Sandesh.jpg/330px-Gur_er_Sandesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Gur_er_Sandesh.jpg/500px-Gur_er_Sandesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3379" data-file-height="2987" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Sandesh_(confectionery)" title="Sandesh (confectionery)">Sandesh</a> is a popular paneer sweet dish. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Matar-Paneer.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mattar paneer, a vegetarian dish from India"><img alt="Mattar paneer, a vegetarian dish from India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Matar-Paneer.JPG/200px-Matar-Paneer.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Matar-Paneer.JPG/300px-Matar-Paneer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Matar-Paneer.JPG/400px-Matar-Paneer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Mattar_paneer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mattar paneer">Mattar paneer</a>, a vegetarian dish from India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yummy_Palak_Paneer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palak paneer, a spinach-based curry dish"><img alt="Palak paneer, a spinach-based curry dish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Yummy_Palak_Paneer.jpg/250px-Yummy_Palak_Paneer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Yummy_Palak_Paneer.jpg/330px-Yummy_Palak_Paneer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Yummy_Palak_Paneer.jpg/500px-Yummy_Palak_Paneer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="2028" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Palak_paneer" title="Palak paneer">Palak paneer</a>, a spinach-based curry dish</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ishwar_Paneer.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Paneer tikka masala from India"><img alt="Paneer tikka masala from India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ishwar_Paneer.JPG/250px-Ishwar_Paneer.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ishwar_Paneer.JPG/330px-Ishwar_Paneer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ishwar_Paneer.JPG/500px-Ishwar_Paneer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Paneer_tikka_masala" title="Paneer tikka masala">Paneer tikka masala</a> from India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malai_Paneer_Pizza_from_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pizza with paneer and vegetable toppings from India"><img alt="A pizza with paneer and vegetable toppings from India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Malai_Paneer_Pizza_from_India.jpg/200px-Malai_Paneer_Pizza_from_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Malai_Paneer_Pizza_from_India.jpg/300px-Malai_Paneer_Pizza_from_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Malai_Paneer_Pizza_from_India.jpg/400px-Malai_Paneer_Pizza_from_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> A pizza with paneer and vegetable toppings from India</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_cheeses">Similar cheeses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paneer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Similar cheeses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Paneer" title="Special:EditPage/Paneer">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Anari_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anari (cheese)">Anari</a>, a fresh mild whey cheese produced in Cyprus, is very similar in taste and texture to fresh Indian paneer. <a href="/wiki/Circassian_cheese" title="Circassian cheese">Circassian cheese</a> is produced using a similar method and is close in consistency to paneer, but is usually salted. <a href="/wiki/Farmer_cheese" title="Farmer cheese">Farmer cheese</a> (pressed curds) and firm versions of <a href="/wiki/Quark_(dairy_product)" title="Quark (dairy product)">quark</a> are similar except that they are made from <a href="/wiki/Cultured_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultured milk">cultured milk</a> and may be salted. Although many South Asians translate "paneer" into "cottage cheese", cottage cheese is made using <a href="/wiki/Rennet" title="Rennet">rennet</a> extracted from the stomach of <a href="/wiki/Ruminants" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruminants">ruminants</a>, and cow's <a href="/wiki/Skimmed_milk" title="Skimmed milk">skim milk</a>. <a href="/wiki/Queso_blanco" class="mw-redirect" title="Queso blanco">Queso blanco</a> or <a href="/wiki/Queso_fresco" class="mw-redirect" title="Queso fresco">queso fresco</a> are often recommended as substitutes in the Americas and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> as they are more commercially available in many American markets. Queso blanco can be a closer match, as it is acid-set while queso fresco frequently uses rennet at a lower temperature. Both are generally salted, unlike paneer. It is also similar to unsalted <a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">halloumi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paneer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalari_cheese" title="Kalari cheese">Kalari cheese</a> – Indian traditional ripened cheese product</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhurpi" title="Chhurpi">Chhurpi</a> - Himalayan cheese</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shosha_(cheese)" title="Shosha (cheese)">Shosha (cheese)</a> – Tibetan cheese</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesong_puti" title="Kesong puti">Kesong puti</a> – Filipino soft carabao's milk cheese</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_cheese" title="Cottage cheese">Cottage cheese</a> – Type of cheese</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paneer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kumar11-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kumar11_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kumar11_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKumarRaiNiranjanBhat2011" class="citation journal cs1">Kumar, Sunil; Rai, D.C.; Niranjan, K.; Bhat, Zuhaib (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4008736">"Paneer—An Indian soft cheese variant: a review"</a>. <i>Journal of Food Science and Technology</i>. <b>51</b> (5). Springer: <span class="nowrap">821–</span>831. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13197-011-0567-x">10.1007/s13197-011-0567-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4008736">4008736</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24803688">24803688</a>. <q>People during the Kusana and Saka Satavahana periods (AD75–300) used to consume a solid mass, whose description seems to the earliest reference to the present day paneer</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Paneer%E2%80%94An+Indian+soft+cheese+variant%3A+a+review&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E821-%3C%2Fspan%3E831&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4008736%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24803688&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13197-011-0567-x&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Sunil&rft.au=Rai%2C+D.C.&rft.au=Niranjan%2C+K.&rft.au=Bhat%2C+Zuhaib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4008736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=paneer">"Entry: paneer"</a>. <i>The American Heritage Dictionary</i>. HarperCollins Publishers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Entry%3A+paneer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dpaneer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNundolal_Dey1985" class="citation journal cs1">Nundolal Dey (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oTMKAQAAIAAJ">"Rasātala or the Under-world"</a>. <i>The Indian Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>2</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2). Ramanand Vidya Bhawan: <span class="nowrap">236–</span>237. <q>Panir is a Persian word, though derived from the common Sanskrit words <i>Pai</i> (Payas = milk) and <i>Nir</i> (nīra = water) meaning milk without water.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Ras%C4%81tala+or+the+Under-world&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E236-%3C%2Fspan%3E237&rft.date=1985&rft.au=Nundolal+Dey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoTMKAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2006" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Alan (2006). Jaine, Tom (ed.). <i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0191018251" title="Special:BookSources/978-0191018251"><bdi>978-0191018251</bdi></a>. <q>panir and peynir, the Persian and Turkish words for 'cheese' (...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0191018251&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanjeev_2010-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanjeev_2010_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanjeev_2010_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKapoor2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sanjeev_Kapoor" title="Sanjeev Kapoor">Kapoor, Sanjeev</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=heG2bdW_NrMC&pg=PA3"><i>Paneer</i></a>. Popular Prakashan. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788179913307" title="Special:BookSources/9788179913307"><bdi>9788179913307</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paneer&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9788179913307&rft.aulast=Kapoor&rft.aufirst=Sanjeev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DheG2bdW_NrMC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoufsSmyth_Roufs2014" class="citation book cs1">Roufs, Timothy G.; Smyth Roufs, Kathleen (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M_eCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA168"><i>Sweet Treats Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610692212" title="Special:BookSources/9781610692212"><bdi>9781610692212</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sweet+Treats+Around+the+World%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Food+and+Culture&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781610692212&rft.aulast=Roufs&rft.aufirst=Timothy+G.&rft.au=Smyth+Roufs%2C+Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM_eCBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harlan_2000-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harlan_2000_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harlan_2000_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker2000" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Harlan, ed. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tuor2vcVtiQC&pg=PA57"><i>Milk - Beyond the Dairy: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1999</i></a>. Oxford Symposium. pp. <span class="nowrap">53–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781903018064" title="Special:BookSources/9781903018064"><bdi>9781903018064</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milk+-+Beyond+the+Dairy%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Oxford+Symposium+on+Food+and+Cookery+1999&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.pub=Oxford+Symposium&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781903018064&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtuor2vcVtiQC%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeith1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Berriedale_Keith" title="Arthur Berriedale Keith">Keith, Arthur Berriedale</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t6TVLlPvuMAC&pg=PA209"><i>Vedic Index of Names and Subjects</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Motilal_Banarsidass" title="Motilal Banarsidass">Motilal Banarsidass</a>. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120813328" title="Special:BookSources/9788120813328"><bdi>9788120813328</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vedic+Index+of+Names+and+Subjects&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9788120813328&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Berriedale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt6TVLlPvuMAC%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchrader1890" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schrader_(philologist)" title="Otto Schrader (philologist)">Schrader, Otto</a> (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.107733"><i>Prehistoric Antiquities of the Aryan Peoples</i></a>. C. Griffin. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.107733/page/n339">319</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Antiquities+of+the+Aryan+Peoples&rft.pages=319&rft.pub=C.+Griffin&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.107733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Oxford Companion to Cheese</i>, 2016. p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRamachandran" class="citation web cs1">Ramachandran, Ammini. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peppertrail.com/recipes-from-lokopakara/">"Lokopakara – Part III Recipes"</a>. <i>Peppertrail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peppertrail&rft.atitle=Lokopakara+%E2%80%93+Part+III+Recipes&rft.aulast=Ramachandran&rft.aufirst=Ammini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeppertrail.com%2Frecipes-from-lokopakara%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEna_Desai2006" class="citation book cs1">Ena Desai (2006). "Gastronomy of Bengal". In Lotika Varadarajan (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5LfaAAAAMAAJ"><i>Indo-Portuguese Encounters: Journeys in Science, Technology, and Culture</i></a>. Vol. II. Indian National Science Academy / Centra de Historia de Alem-Mar, Universidade Nova de Lisboa / Aryan Books International. p. 668. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788173053023" title="Special:BookSources/9788173053023"><bdi>9788173053023</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gastronomy+of+Bengal&rft.btitle=Indo-Portuguese+Encounters%3A+Journeys+in+Science%2C+Technology%2C+and+Culture&rft.pages=668&rft.pub=Indian+National+Science+Academy+%2F+Centra+de+Historia+de+Alem-Mar%2C+Universidade+Nova+de+Lisboa+%2F+Aryan+Books+International&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9788173053023&rft.au=Ena+Desai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5LfaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michael2011-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Michael2011_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Krondl2011" class="citation book cs1">Michael Krondl (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gN6ySQnUnfwC&pg=PA38"><i>Sweet Invention: A History of Dessert</i></a>. Chicago Review Press. p. 7-8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55652-954-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55652-954-2"><bdi>978-1-55652-954-2</bdi></a>. <q>In another recipe he gives directions for a syrup-soaked fritter many modern Indians would recognize. To make it, the cook is told to curdle warm milk by adding buttermilk, then strain it to remove the liquid. (Nowadays this fresh cheese would be called chhana.) The resulting curds are then mixed with a little rice flour, formed into balls, and fried in ghee. Finally, they are soaked in syrup.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sweet+Invention%3A+A+History+of+Dessert&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-55652-954-2&rft.au=Michael+Krondl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgN6ySQnUnfwC%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-origin-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-origin_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-origin_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JTTxAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Technology of Traditional Milk Products in Developing Countries</i></a>, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1990, p. 169, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789251028995" title="Special:BookSources/9789251028995"><bdi>9789251028995</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Technology+of+Traditional+Milk+Products+in+Developing+Countries&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9789251028995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJTTxAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonTamime1996" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, R. K.; Tamime, A. Y. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1zs4NzrRWhQC&pg=PA231"><i>Feta & Related Cheeses</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780747600770" title="Special:BookSources/9780747600770"><bdi>9780747600770</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feta+%26+Related+Cheeses&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780747600770&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=R.+K.&rft.au=Tamime%2C+A.+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1zs4NzrRWhQC%26pg%3DPA231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRao1992" class="citation journal cs1">Rao, K.V.S.S. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5lpMAAAAYAAJ">"Paneer technology — A review"</a>. <i>Indian Journal of Dairy Science</i>. <b>45</b>. Indian Dairy Science Association: 281.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Paneer+technology+%E2%80%94+A+review&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=281&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=K.V.S.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5lpMAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChapman2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Chapman" title="Pat Chapman">Chapman, Pat</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=orHWFRMKf4EC&pg=PA33"><i>India: Food and Cooking: The Ultimate Book on Indian Cuisine</i></a>. New Holland. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845376192" title="Special:BookSources/9781845376192"><bdi>9781845376192</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%3A+Food+and+Cooking%3A+The+Ultimate+Book+on+Indian+Cuisine&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=New+Holland&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781845376192&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DorHWFRMKf4EC%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWiley2014" class="citation book cs1">Wiley, Andrea S. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=efOjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2"><i>Cultures of Milk</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674369702" title="Special:BookSources/9780674369702"><bdi>9780674369702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultures+of+Milk&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780674369702&rft.aulast=Wiley&rft.aufirst=Andrea+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DefOjAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTamang2020" class="citation book cs1">Tamang, Jyoti Prakash (2 March 2020). <i>Ethnic Fermented Foods and Beverages of India: Science History and Culture</i>. Springer Nature. p. 676. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-15-1486-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-15-1486-9"><bdi>978-981-15-1486-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Fermented+Foods+and+Beverages+of+India%3A+Science+History+and+Culture&rft.pages=676&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020-03-02&rft.isbn=978-981-15-1486-9&rft.aulast=Tamang&rft.aufirst=Jyoti+Prakash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDADailyValues-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428/table/tab_4_7/">"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report"</a>. p. 120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TABLE+4-7+Comparison+of+Potassium+Adequate+Intakes+Established+in+This+Report+to+Potassium+Adequate+Intakes+Established+in+the+2005+DRI+Report&rft.pages=120&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK545428%2Ftable%2Ftab_4_7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span> In: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStallingsHarrisonOria2019" class="citation book cs1">Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". <i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">101–</span>124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F25353">10.17226/25353</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1"><bdi>978-0-309-48834-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154">30844154</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bookshelf_ID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookshelf ID (identifier)">NCBI</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428">NBK545428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Potassium%3A+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Adequacy&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E101-%3C%2Fspan%3E124&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F25353&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaneer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adiraja Dasa. <i>The Hare Krishna book of Vegetarian Cooking</i>. Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902677-07-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-902677-07-1">0-902677-07-1</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paneer&oldid=1281364212">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paneer&oldid=1281364212</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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