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alignwide"> <h1 class="entry-title">How to produce collective knowledge from the sickchamber</h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>I am a literary scholar interested in early modern conceptions of the body. But I also have a general interest in medical humanities and the ways in which knowledge about the body is formed, in the discourses that help shape what a body means, and in how such knowledge about the body gains authority.</p> <p>Early modern how-to books, as <a href="https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/F/bo133038690.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/F/bo133038690.html">Pamela Smith (2022) </a>has recently shown, weren’t individual enterprises – they emerged out of a complex network of agents, both material and non-material. And they were the result of iterative processes of trial and error, involving not one, but generations of practitioners. As such, they are the products of collective knowledge production. The knowledge entailed in them is of a kind that can be called ‘experiential.’ “Lived experience,” often involving the author-practitioner’s own body, is what produced this kind of knowledge.</p> <p>In a <a href="https://howtobook.hypotheses.org/102" data-type="link" data-id="https://howtobook.hypotheses.org/102">previous blog post</a>, Stefan Laube has commented on early modern plague treatises and compares the kind of advice these works handed out to the regulations authorities introduced during the recent pandemic. In a similar vein, in this post, I would like to think about the how-to idea transhistorically and with a view on the spaces that promote the construction and distribution of health information.</p> <p>While early modern medical tracts offer a relevant context to my own research on deformity, it is not just practices of bodily knowledge production that I have been interested in. In the context of the Covid-pandemic, <a href="https://postcovidcare.univie.ac.at/" data-type="link" data-id="https://postcovidcare.univie.ac.at/">I have also explored the ways in which Long Covid patients, so-called Long Haulers, created and disseminated the knowledge they gained in dealing with a new illness about which next to nothing was known</a>.</p> <p>Thinking about early modern advice literature, I have found echoes of the how-to idea in the myriad online spaces that have been used to spread the rapidly emerging knowledge about the syndrome and how best to treat it.</p> <p>This knowledge wasn’t text-book-knowledge. It was co-created in interactive processes of knowledge production involving patients’ own bodies and their experimentation with different treatment methods. What health regimes have been helpful? What best to avoid? What medication or supplement has alleviated the symptoms? What symptoms and bodily signs to look out for? How to navigate the complex and understaffed health system or talk to practitioners to receive better therapy?</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/LongCovidPage/posts/two-years-ago-today-claire-hastie-set-up-the-long-covid-support-group-on-faceboo/521182219719711/"><img decoding="async" width="500" height="500" src="https://howtobook.hypotheses.org/files/2024/08/image-500x500.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-1482" srcset="https://howtobook.hypotheses.org/files/2024/08/image-500x500.jpeg 500w, https://howtobook.hypotheses.org/files/2024/08/image-300x300.jpeg 300w, https://howtobook.hypotheses.org/files/2024/08/image-150x150.jpeg 150w, https://howtobook.hypotheses.org/files/2024/08/image-768x768.jpeg 768w, https://howtobook.hypotheses.org/files/2024/08/image.jpeg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Screenshot of a facebook post: Long Covid Support Group started by patients</figcaption></figure> <p>During the pandemic, we witnessed what <a href="https://critinq.wordpress.com/2020/04/10/ground-zero-empiricism/" data-type="link" data-id="https://critinq.wordpress.com/2020/04/10/ground-zero-empiricism/">Lorraine Daston has called a moment of “Ground Zero Empiricism.</a>” We were, as she writes, suddenly all “waking up in the seventeenth century.” What did and what didn’t help was entirely uncertain. What the source of the virus was. How it could be stopped.</p> <p>And while it would be tempting to claim that “all of us” contributed to forging new knowledge about SARS-CoV, it was mainly university-trained doctors, scientist, and epidemiologists who conducted studies and ran tests in their lab coats. Not so with <em>Long</em> Covid. Here was a real moment of bottom-up, collective knowledge production: <em>experiential</em> knowledge, knowledge based on personal (bodily) <em>experience.</em></p> <p>What for the early modern period might have been the context of the workshop, for our present time are virtual spaces: Facebook groups, Twitter (now X), messaging systems. They enabled the kind of exchange and encouraged practices of “self-governing” that contributed to the production of vital new health information.</p> <p>Like Smith’s artisans of the 14<sup>th</sup> century, in claiming the authority of a particular kind of knowledge based on experience, in exchanging this kind of knowledge and defending its relevance over doctors’ advice (often seen as wrong or even counterproductive – something they had in common with 17<sup>th</sup>-century physicians) and in handing it out to others seeking help, Long Haulers also valorised this kind of knowledge. What professional doctors seemed to know and prescribe was not just inefficient, it was sometimes even dangerous, and could be challenged (for instance, the therapy of graded exercise, favoured by some doctors, is seen by many patients as detrimental). Bodily experience had the power to outdo book-learning, statistical surveys, or theorising.</p> <p>The result of such knowledge-making was not a printed how-to book or a collection of (often associatively organised) recipes, but advice branching out in the rhizomatic structures of threads, with tags and hyperlinks allowing for cross-connections and replacing visuals markers like the manicule (the pointing index finger), marginalia, or organising tools like the index and the table of contents.</p> <p>We can here observe collective knowledge-production processes in real time and across transnational divides. The questions we can ask these kinds of sources are similar to the ones we are asking our early modern advice literature: What are the ways in which this knowledge is packaged and transmitted? Can we identify rhetoric conventions and particular ways of expression? What role do images play and how do these interact with the written word?</p> <p>One benefit of such digital environments: they are, in theory, like living beings – with the potential to constantly change and grow, and they are open-access (even if uneven (online) access remains a troubled issue). Where early modern printers and other actors involved in the publication of how-to books profited financially, the (mostly) unpaid labour of Long Covid patients today makes this kind of knowledge universally available.</p> <p>Now that we have “gone back to normal,” what happens to this treasure trove of experiential knowledge? Long Covid patient-activist Fiona Lowenstein’s new book <em><a href="https://www.fionalowenstein.com/longcovid-survivalguide" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.fionalowenstein.com/longcovid-survivalguide">The Long COVID Survival Guide: How to Take Care of Yourself and What Comes Next―Stories and Advice from Twenty Long-Haulers and Experts </a></em>(fittingly published by “Experiment”) is one outcome of such collective knowledge-making. It remains, it seems, the durable form of the book (and the advice of “professional experts”) that gives both absolute valorisation and permanence to such knowledge.</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" /> <p class="has-small-font-size"></p> <p class="has-extra-small-font-size">Further reading: </p> <p class="has-extra-small-font-size">Callard, Felicity. “Epidemic Time: Thinking from the Sickbed.” <em>Bulletin of the History of Medicine</em> vol. 94,4 (2020): 727-743. doi:10.1353/bhm.2020.0093 </p> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:100%"></div> </div> <hr/><div class="citation"><p><span class="citation-title">OpenEdition suggests that you cite this post as follows:</span><br/>Alina Lange (August 14, 2024). How to produce collective knowledge from the sickchamber. <em>Tracts for Action</em>. 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href="https://howtobook.hypotheses.org/tag/pandemic" rel="tag">pandemic</a>, <a href="https://howtobook.hypotheses.org/tag/social-media" rel="tag">Social Media</a></span></div> </footer> <div class="author-bio show-avatars"> <img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/28393ebb9c4e894e50507a2d38152a69?s=85&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/28393ebb9c4e894e50507a2d38152a69?s=170&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-85 photo' height='85' width='85' decoding='async'/> <div class="author-bio-content"> <h2 class="author-title"> By Alina Lange </h2> <p class="author-description"> Research assistant with a background in English Studies and Classical Literature; research foci include: early modern literature and culture, Medical Humanities, history of medicine and the body, deformity in the early modern period, sense studies</p> <a class="author-link" href="https://howtobook.hypotheses.org/author/howtobook2" rel="author">View all of Alina Lange's posts.</a> </div> 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