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class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>District court service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-District_court_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Court_of_appeals_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_of_appeals_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Court of appeals service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Court_of_appeals_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Judicial administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Court_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_cases"> <div 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_and_Eastern_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Central and Eastern Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_and_Eastern_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Selected writings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John M. 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American judge (born 1940)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Episcopal bishop, see <a href="/wiki/John_M._Walker_(bishop)" title="John M. Walker (bishop)">John M. Walker (bishop)</a>. For other people named John Walker, see <a href="/wiki/John_Walker_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="John Walker (disambiguation)">John Walker (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">John M. Walker Jr.</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Judge_John_Walker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Judge_John_Walker.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="295" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="295" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">Senior Judge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />September 30, 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chief Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 30, 2000 – September 30, 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_K._Winter_Jr." title="Ralph K. Winter Jr.">Ralph K. Winter Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Jacobs" title="Dennis Jacobs">Dennis Jacobs</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 27, 1989 – September 30, 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kaufman" title="Irving Kaufman">Irving Kaufman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Debra_Ann_Livingston" title="Debra Ann Livingston">Debra Ann Livingston</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 22, 1985 – December 19, 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Morris_E._Lasker" title="Morris E. Lasker">Morris E. Lasker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">John Mercer Walker Jr.</div><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1940-12-26</span>) </span>December 26, 1940<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 83)</span></span><br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Mercer Walker Jr.</b> (born December 26, 1940) is a <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">senior United States circuit judge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a>. He served as <a href="/wiki/Chief_judge_(United_States)" title="Chief judge (United States)">chief judge</a> from September 30, 2000, to September 30, 2006, when he assumed <a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">senior status</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">United States district judge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a>, appointed in 1985 by President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> before being elevated to the Second Circuit in 1989. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walker was born in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-TAPP_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAPP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Exeter_Academy" title="Phillips Exeter Academy">Phillips Exeter Academy</a> in 1958, and received his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> in 1962. He received his <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Law_School" title="University of Michigan Law School">University of Michigan Law School</a> in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walker is married to Katharine K. Walker, has a daughter and three stepsons, and lives in <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Connecticut" title="Madison, Connecticut">Madison, Connecticut</a>. He is the son of Dr. <a href="/wiki/John_M._Walker" title="John M. Walker">John M. Walker</a> and Elsie Louise Mead. His uncle is <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert_Walker_Jr." title="George Herbert Walker Jr.">George Herbert Walker Jr.</a>, co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a>. He is a first cousin of United States President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, the two having a grandfather in common, <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert_Walker" title="George Herbert Walker">George Herbert Walker</a>. His father's sister, Dorothy, was the mother of the 41st President. He is also a first cousin once removed, of President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and his brother, former Governor of Florida <a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walker served in the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Forces_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Forces Reserve">Marine Corps Reserves</a> from 1963 until 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-TAPP_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAPP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1966 until 1968, he was State Counsel to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Botswana">Republic of Botswana</a>, sponsored by an Africa-Asia Public Service Fellowship, where he drafted a codification of tribal law and was the country's principal prosecutor in the regular (non-tribal) criminal courts.<sup id="cite_ref-TAPP_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAPP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walker was in <a href="/wiki/Practice_of_law" title="Practice of law">private practice</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> from 1969 to 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-TAPP_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAPP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1970 to 1975 he served as an <a href="/wiki/Assistant_United_States_Attorney" title="Assistant United States Attorney">Assistant United States Attorney</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Criminal_Division" title="United States Department of Justice Criminal Division">Criminal Division</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York</a>, where he prosecuted drugs and business fraud cases. In 1975 he returned to private law practice with the New York firm of <a href="/wiki/Carter,_Ledyard_%26_Milburn" class="mw-redirect" title="Carter, Ledyard & Milburn">Carter, Ledyard & Milburn</a>, where he was a partner in commercial litigation.<sup id="cite_ref-TAPP_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAPP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1981 Walker became <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Treasury">Assistant Secretary of the Treasury</a>, responsible for policy in law enforcement, regulatory, and trade matters, and with oversight of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Customs_Service" title="United States Customs Service">Customs Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Center">Federal Law Enforcement Training Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Foreign_Assets_Control" title="Office of Foreign Assets Control">Office of Foreign Assets Control</a>. As Assistant Secretary, he helped establish the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_Claims_Tribunal" title="Iran–United States Claims Tribunal">Iran–United States Claims Tribunal</a> and served as a U.S. representative to <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a>. He led the development of Treasury's drug interdiction and financial enforcement programs. He also oversaw the Treasury's review of Secret Service operations following the <a href="/wiki/Reagan_assassination_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan assassination attempt">attempt to assassinate President Ronald Reagan</a>. Among the shortcomings of the Secret Service that the review identified and remedied were inadequate reserve personnel and the use of unencrypted radio communications.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For his Treasury service, Walker received the Alexander Hamilton Award, Treasury's highest award. His work caught the attention of New York Senator Alphonse D'Amato who supported him for the position of district judge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_judicial_service">Federal judicial service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Federal judicial service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="District_court_service">District court service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: District court service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walker was nominated by President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> on June 25, 1985, to a seat on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a> vacated by Judge <a href="/wiki/Morris_E._Lasker" title="Morris E. Lasker">Morris E. Lasker</a>. He was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> on July 19, 1985, and received commission on July 22, 1985. His service terminated on December 19, 1989, due to elevation to the court of appeals. He was succeeded by Judge <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a>. As a district judge, Walker presided over a variety of civil and criminal proceedings, including notably the 1989 <a href="/wiki/Tax_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax fraud">tax fraud</a> trial of billionaire hotel magnate <a href="/wiki/Leona_Helmsley" title="Leona Helmsley">Leona Helmsley</a>, whom he sentenced to four years in jail.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Court_of_appeals_service">Court of appeals service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Court of appeals service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walker was nominated by President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> on September 21, 1989, to a seat on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a> vacated by Judge <a href="/wiki/Irving_Kaufman" title="Irving Kaufman">Irving Kaufman</a>. He was confirmed by the Senate on November 22, 1989, and received his commission on November 27, 1989. He served as Chief Judge from September 30, 2000 to September 30, 2006. He assumed <a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">senior status</a> on September 30, 2006. He was succeeded by Judge <a href="/wiki/Debra_Ann_Livingston" title="Debra Ann Livingston">Debra Ann Livingston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walker was awarded the Learned Hand Medal for "excellence in Federal Jurisprudence" by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bar_Council" title="Federal Bar Council">Federal Bar Council</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2006 the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Haig_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert L. Haig Award (page does not exist)">Robert L. Haig Award</a> for "distinguished public service" by the New York State Bar Association, and the J. Edward Lumbard Award for "outstanding service" by the Southern District of New York U.S. Attorney's Office. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_administration">Judicial administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Judicial administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walker has served as Special Counsel to the U.S. Administrative Conference (1987–1992) and president of the Federal Judges' Association (1993–1995). As chief judge, Walker was engaged with all three levels of federal court administration. He led the Court of Appeals, chaired the Second Circuit Judicial Council with responsibility for all of the courts within the Second Circuit (consisting of the states of Connecticut, New York, and Vermont), and on the national level was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Conference_of_the_United_States" title="Judicial Conference of the United States">Judicial Conference of the United States</a>, chaired by the Chief Justice of the United States (2000–2006). He was also selected by Chief Justice William Rehnquist to be a member of the Conference's Executive Committee (2003–2006) and its Budget Committee (1990–1999). He was selected by Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. to be a member of its Committee on International Judicial Relations (2006–2012), and to be the Chair of the Conference's Committee on Judicial Conduct and Disability (2009–2013). As Chief Judge of the Second Circuit, Walker managed the dislocations from the courthouse at 40 Foley Square in lower Manhattan caused by the terrorist attacks of 9/11/2001, oversaw the establishment by Judge Jon O. Newman of a separate calendar for a sudden crush of 5,000 immigration appeals in 2005, and obtained funding for the total renovation of the Thurgood Marshall Courthouse at 40 Foley Square which was completed under the supervision of Chief Judge Walker and his successor, Chief Judge Dennis Jacobs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Court_cases">Court cases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Court cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walker has authored several hundred decisions in various areas of federal law including influential precedents in the areas of <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law" title="Constitutional law">constitutional law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">criminal law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_procedure" title="Civil procedure">criminal and civil procedure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corporate_law" title="Corporate law">securities law</a>, bankruptcy law, <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property law</a>, and international law, including the following selected appeals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Constitutional_law">Constitutional law</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Constitutional law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>National Abortion Federation v. Gonzales</i>, 437 F.3d 278, 296 (2d Cir. 2006) (Walker, C.J., concurring). In a <a href="/wiki/Concurring_opinion" title="Concurring opinion">concurring opinion</a>, Walker criticized the <a href="/wiki/Legal_burden_of_proof" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal burden of proof">evidentiary standard</a> adopted by the Supreme Court in <i><a href="/wiki/Stenberg_v._Carhart" title="Stenberg v. Carhart">Stenberg v. Carhart</a></i>, 530 U.S. 914 (2000), which allowed <a href="/wiki/Facial_challenges" class="mw-redirect" title="Facial challenges">facial challenges</a> against <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States#Current_legal_situation" title="Abortion in the United States">abortion laws</a> to succeed with only speculative showings that the challenged regulations might work an unconstitutional result. This standard, Walker observed, was "both unclear and difficult" for lower courts "to apply with any certainty" and left legislatures without sufficient constitutional guidance on how challenges could be made against their enactments. Justice <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a> cited Walker's reasoning approvingly in <i><a href="/wiki/Gonzales_v._Carhart" title="Gonzales v. Carhart">Gonzales v. Carhart</a></i>, 550 U.S. 124 (2007), which distinguished <i>Stenberg</i> and upheld the constitutionality of the <a href="/wiki/Partial-Birth_Abortion_Ban_Act" title="Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act">federal partial-birth abortion statute</a> enacted by Congress in 2003.</li> <li><i>Rweyemamu v. Cote</i>, 520 F.3d 198 (2d Cir. 2008), formally adopting the <a href="/wiki/Ministerial_exception" title="Ministerial exception">ministerial exception</a> to <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964#Major_features#Title_VII" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Title VII of the Civil Rights Act</a> in the Second Circuit. <i>Rweyemamu</i> was cited favorably by <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> in the unanimous opinion of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Hosanna-Tabor_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_and_School_v._Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a></i>, 565 U.S. 171 (2012).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Civil_procedure">Civil procedure</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Civil procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumitomo_Copper_Litigation_v._Credit_Lyonnais_Rouse,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumitomo Copper Litigation v. Credit Lyonnais Rouse, Ltd. (page does not exist)">Sumitomo Copper Litigation v. Credit Lyonnais Rouse, Ltd.</a></i>, 262 F.3d 134 (2d Cir. 2001), setting forth the basis for <a href="/wiki/Interlocutory_appeal" title="Interlocutory appeal">interlocutory appeal</a> of a district court's certification of a <a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class action</a> lawsuit.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Securities">Securities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Securities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novak_v._Kasaks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novak v. Kasaks (page does not exist)">Novak v. Kasaks</a></i>, 216 F.3d 300 (2d Cir. 2000), interpreting the pleading standard for <a href="/wiki/Securities_fraud" title="Securities fraud">securities fraud</a> actions set forth under the <a href="/wiki/Private_Securities_Litigation_Reform_Act" title="Private Securities Litigation Reform Act">Private Securities Litigation Reform Act</a> of 1995.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEC_v._Obus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEC v. Obus (page does not exist)">SEC v. Obus</a></i>, 693 F.3d 276 (2d Cir. 2012), applying and clarifying the <a href="/wiki/Insider_trading#Misappropriation_theory" title="Insider trading">misappropriation theory</a> for <a href="/wiki/Insider_trading" title="Insider trading">insider trading</a> liability.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intellectual_property">Intellectual property</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Intellectual property"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Associates_Int._Inc._v._Altai_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Computer Associates Int. Inc. v. Altai Inc.">Computer Associates Int. Inc. v. Altai Inc.</a></i>, 982 F.2d 693 (2d Cir. 1992), a leading decision on how to establish <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> for software</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rock_Entertainment,_Inc._v._Carol_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle Rock Entertainment, Inc. v. Carol Publishing Group">Castle Rock Entertainment, Inc. v. Carol Publishing Group</a></i>, 150 F.3d 132 (2d Cir. 1998), the "<a href="/wiki/Seinfeld" title="Seinfeld">Seinfeld</a> Aptitude Test" case, a ruling on the determination of <a href="/wiki/Substantial_similarity" title="Substantial similarity">substantial similarity</a> of works.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NXIVM_Corp._v._The_Ross_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="NXIVM Corp. v. The Ross Institute">NXIVM Corp. v. The Ross Institute</a></i>, 364 F.3d 471 (2d Cir. 2004), deciding whether a <a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a> defense was available when copyrighted materials were obtained in <a href="/wiki/Bad_faith" title="Bad faith">bad faith</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network,_LP_v._CSC_Holdings,_Inc." title="Cartoon Network, LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc.">Cartoon Network, LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc.</a></i>, 536 F.3d 121 (2d Cir. 2008), regarding the use of <a href="/wiki/Digital_video_recorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital video recorders">digital video recorders</a> to <a href="/wiki/Time_shifting" title="Time shifting">time shift</a> the playback of copyright video content.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1-800_Contacts,_Inc._v._WhenU.com,_Inc." title="1-800 Contacts, Inc. v. WhenU.com, Inc.">1-800 Contacts, Inc. v. WhenU.com, Inc.</a></i>, 414 F.3d 400 (2d Cir. 2005), regarding <a href="/wiki/Trademark_infringement" title="Trademark infringement">trademark infringement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pop-up_ad" title="Pop-up ad">online pop-up advertisements</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judicial_philosophy">Judicial philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Judicial philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walker is a strong advocate of <a href="/wiki/Judicial_independence" title="Judicial independence">judicial independence</a> for both courts in the United States and in other countries. He has condemned the growing <a href="/wiki/Politicization" class="mw-redirect" title="Politicization">politicization</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_appointment_history_for_United_States_federal_courts" title="Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts">judicial nomination and confirmation process</a> for federal judges.<sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "political theater" that judicial nominees are subjected to in the Senate, he writes, "politicizes the judiciary, misrepresents the judiciary's role in our democracy, demeans highly qualified nominees, and unjustifiably delays or jettisons confirmations."<sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An independent judge, in his view, is one who faithfully applies existing law to the facts of the case at hand, giving due respect to <a href="/wiki/Precedent" title="Precedent">precedent</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and resists the temptation to effectively rewrite legislative enactments. The independent judge "must remain detached and impartial -- and free not merely from personal or financial interests" but also free of "any responsibility to party or social faction" and "must not be concerned with whether an outcome will incur public approbation or wrath."<sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teaching_and_scholarship">Teaching and scholarship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Teaching and scholarship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2000, Walker has been a Lecturer in Law at <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a>, where he has taught <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_litigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional litigation">constitutional litigation</a> with fellow Second Circuit judges <a href="/wiki/Guido_Calabresi" title="Guido Calabresi">Guido Calabresi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susan_L._Carney" title="Susan L. Carney">Susan L. Carney and with district judges Mark Kravitz and Jeffrey Meyer.</a> </p><p>From 1996 to 2000, Walker was an <a href="/wiki/Adjunct_professor" title="Adjunct professor">adjunct professor</a> at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Law" title="New York University School of Law">New York University School of Law</a> and a member of NYU's Institute of Judicial Administration and Appellate Judges Seminar. He has also served on the Board of the U.S. Association of Constitutional Law since 1997 and the <a href="/wiki/CEELI_Institute" title="CEELI Institute">CEELI Institute</a> in Prague since 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rule_of_law_initiatives">Rule of law initiatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Rule of law initiatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walker is actively involved in initiatives to promote the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>, strengthen judiciaries and foster cooperation among judges around the world, especially in <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Eastern and Central Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. He was a member of the U.S. delegation to the <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a> Experts Conference on the Rule of Law in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_and_Eastern_Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Central and Eastern Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walker has worked across <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> to promote the development of judicial institutions in individual countries and to foster collaboration among judiciaries across the region and the United States. In 2011, he was instrumental in organizing the first Conference of the Chief Justices of Central and Eastern Europe, hosted by the CEELI Institute in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, which was attended by the chief justices, presidents and high officers of the supreme courts that region of the world. <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John G. Roberts, Jr.</a> delivered the opening remarks and participated in the first conference.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalkerSchuker201243_n.1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalkerSchuker201243_n.1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Conference, now an ongoing institution that meets annually in a different member country, provides a unique forum for the heads of judiciaries of 24 former communist countries to share their experiences, discuss problems and offer solutions, while developing ongoing personal relationships. </p><p>The Chief Justices Conference arose out of CEELI's Judicial Integrity Round Tables.<sup id="cite_ref-CEELI2011Report_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEELI2011Report-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, while on a trip to Hungary, Walker saw a need for closer communication among the chief justices of Central and Eastern European countries. He then led the roundtable discussions on judicial integrity among the heads of the Supreme Court in the region at the CEELI Institute in Prague in 2007 and 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-CEELI2011Report_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEELI2011Report-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 2010 roundtable, the participants expressed a desire to hold regular conferences on an ongoing basis. After the first Chief Justices Conference in 2011, Walker has represented the Ceeli Institute and remained an advisor to the Conference. He helped plan and participated in subsequent Chief Justice Conferences hosted in Albania (2012), Montenegro (2013), Georgia (2014), Croatia (2015), Serbia (2016), Hungary (2017), Lithuania (2018) and Slovakia (2019). Since 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> has actively participated in the work of the Conference. </p><p>Walker began working on issues of legal reform and judicial administration in Eastern Europe in 2004 when <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Albania" title="Chief Justice of Albania">Chief Justice of Albania</a> <a href="/wiki/Thimjo_Kondi" title="Thimjo Kondi">Thimjo Kondi</a> sought assistance with the administration of the Albanian judiciary. Walker made multiple trips to Albania to assist with the establishment of a judicial conference modeled upon that of the U.S. federal judiciary and to teach judicial ethics. He has discussed legal reform issues with <a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">Presidents</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Moisiu" title="Alfred Moisiu">Alfred Moisiu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bamir_Topi" title="Bamir Topi">Bamir Topi</a> and prime ministers <a href="/wiki/Fatos_Nano" title="Fatos Nano">Fatos Nano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sali_Berisha" title="Sali Berisha">Sali Berisha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked with Kondi's successor, Chief Justice <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shpresa_Be%C3%A7aj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shpresa Beçaj (page does not exist)">Shpresa Beçaj</a>, to host the second Chief Justices Conference in <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a> in 2012. President Moisiu awarded Judge Walker the "Medal of Special Merit" for his work in Albania. </p><p>Elsewhere in Eastern Europe, Walker has discussed law reform issues with leaders in various countries where he has also given remarks and met with law school faculty and students, bar associations and judges. In 2008 he helped organize a conference on rule of law and law school accreditation in Georgia where he discussed rule of law issues with President <a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a>, having worked on law reform the previous year with Chief Justice of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Supreme Court of Georgia (country)">Georgian Supreme Court</a> Konstantin Kublashvili. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1986, Walker has been active in rule of law programs and exchanges with China. He has participated in exchanges with Chinese judges in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has lectured or spoken on U.S. law and rule of law topics in Beijing at the <a href="/wiki/National_Judges_College" title="National Judges College">National Judges College</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National Prosecutors College,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renmin_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Renmin University">Renmin University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Political_Science_and_Law" title="China University of Political Science and Law">China University of Political Science and Law</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Normal_University" title="Beijing Normal University">Beijing Normal University</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Shanghai at <a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan University</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_China_University_of_Political_Science_and_Law" title="East China University of Political Science and Law">East China University of Political Science and Law</a> and at the joint China program of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang University</a> Guanghua Law School and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Jefferson Law School">Thomas Jefferson Law School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has conferred on issues of legal reform with Chinese officials including President of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China">Supreme People's Court (SPC)</a> <a href="/wiki/Xiao_Yang_(judge)" title="Xiao Yang (judge)">Xiao Yang</a>, SPC vice-president <a href="/wiki/Wan_Exiang" title="Wan Exiang">Wan Exiang</a>, Procurator-General of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a> <a href="/wiki/Cao_Jianming" title="Cao Jianming">Cao Jianming</a>, vice chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a> <a href="/wiki/Huang_Mengfu" title="Huang Mengfu">Huang Mengfu</a>, and Director of the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_Information_Office" title="State Council Information Office">State Council Information Office</a> <a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(politician)" title="Wang Chen (politician)">Wang Chen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, he helped arrange with <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a> a judicial delegation to meet in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a> to discuss problems of local protectionism by courts and accompanied Justice O'Connor to a meeting with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">of China Jiang Zemin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zhongnanhai" title="Zhongnanhai">Zhongnanhai</a>. In 2009, working with China law expert professor Jerome Cohen and other American scholars and judges, Walker led the American delegation at the inaugural Sino-American Dialogue on the Rule of Law and Human Rights, a <a href="/wiki/Track_II_diplomacy" title="Track II diplomacy">Track II dialogue</a> co-sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_on_United_States%E2%80%93China_Relations" title="National Committee on United States–China Relations">National Committee on U.S.-China Relations</a> and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development, in <a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thereafter in other venues. More recently, working with experts at Yale and Stanford and with the Supreme People's Court, he has participated in workshops in China and submitted papers to support a system of precedent in China, known as the "Guiding Cases System," under the auspices of the Supreme People's Court. </p><p>Elsewhere in Asia, Walker participated in rule of law programs in 2010 in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and in 2012 in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> where he met with the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court and with judges and law students and faculty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walker spoke at "Arab Judicial Forum 2003: Judicial Systems in the 21st Century," a conference on judicial reform in the Middle East that was held in <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> in 2003 and attended by 17 countries, and the "Regional Forum on the Role of Civil Society in Promoting the Rule of Law in the Arab Region" held in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> in 2008. He has also been engaged with training programs for Iraqi officials and judges held in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, Jordan and Bahrain. He has conferred with the Chief Justice of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Iraq">Supreme Court of Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medhat_al-Mahmoud" title="Medhat al-Mahmoud">Medhat al-Mahmoud</a>, on issues relating to the rule of law and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fatal_traffic_accident">Fatal traffic accident</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Fatal traffic accident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the evening of October 17, 2006, while driving home, Walker's <a href="/wiki/Ford_Escape" title="Ford Escape">Ford Escape</a> automobile struck a police officer, Daniel Picagli, who was directing traffic in a rainstorm at a road construction site for <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="AT&T Inc.">AT&T</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were no construction signs or traffic cones marking off the site.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Picagli died four days later on October 21, 2006. "He had been wearing a black raincoat and a reflective vest".<sup id="cite_ref-USA_Today_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_Today-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police Chief Francisco Ortiz said the "officers did not feel it was necessary to test Walker for drugs or alcohol".<sup id="cite_ref-USA_Today_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_Today-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walker stopped immediately, and New Haven police have said the cause was not related to drugs or alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-picagli1022_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-picagli1022-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A police investigation reported that Walker "was traveling at a slow speed through the dark and rainy construction site."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prosecutor declined to press charges, saying nothing indicated "intentional, negligent or reckless conduct" by Walker.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_writings">Selected writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Selected writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>John M. Walker Jr., <i>Qihu v. Tencent</i>, the Chinese Supreme People's Court Offers Antitrust Insight for the Digital Age. Commentary on Guiding Case No. 78 for China Guiding Cases Project, Stanford Law School, https://cgc.law.stanford.edu/, posted in Chinese to assist Chinese judges and lawyers on technology related antitrust principles (2017).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., The Role of Precedent in the United States, China Guiding Cases Project, Stanford Law School, https://cgc.law.stanford.edu/commentaries.15-John-Walker, posted in Chinese to assist training of Chinese judges and lawyers on use of precedent (2016).</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFWalkerSchuker2012">John M. Walker Jr., Daniel J.T. Schuker, Strengthening Judicial Independence in the New Constitutional Democracies of Central and Eastern Europe, 37 Yale J. Int'l L. Online 43 (2012).</cite></li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Advancing the Rule of Law Abroad, 43 Int'l Law 61 (2009).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Politics and the Confirmation Process: Thoughts on the Roberts and Alito Hearings, in Bench Press: The Collision of Courts, Politics, and the Media (Keith J. Bybee ed. 2007)</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Politics and the Confirmation Process: The Importance of Congressional Restraint in Safeguarding Judicial Independence, 55 Syracuse L. Rev. 1 (2004).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., An Outline of American Criminal Procedure, Investigation, Trial and Judicial Review, Lecture delivered at the Chinese University of Politics and Law, Beijing, China (September 2002).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., A Liberty of Restraint, Remarks at the Law Day Dinner, May 1, 2002, 76 St. John's L. Rev. 595 (2002).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Judicial Tendencies in Statutory Interpretation, 58 N.Y.U. Ann. Surv. Am. L. 203 (2001).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Foreword, Second Circuit Survey, 21 Quinnipiac L. Rev. 1 (Summer 2001).</li> <li>Andreas F. Lowenfeld, Lawrence W. Newman, John M. Walker Jr., Revolutionary Days: The Iran Hostage Crisis and the Hague Claims Tribunal, A Look Back, Juris Publishing, Inc. (1999).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Comments on Professionalism, 2 J. Inst. for Study Legal Ethics 111 (1999).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Harmless Error Review in the Second Circuit, 63 Brook. L. Rev. 395 (1997).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Domestic Adjudication of International Human Rights Violations Under the Alien Tort Statute, 41 St. Louis U. L.J. 539 (1997).</li> <li>Sharon E. Grubin and John M. Walker Jr., Report of the Second Circuit Task Force on Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Fairness in the Courts, N.Y.U. Ann. Surv. Am. L. 9 (1997).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Current Threats to Judicial Independence and Appropriate Responses: A Presentation to the American Bar Association, 12 St. John's J. Legal Comment (Fall 1996).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Protectable "Nuggets": Drawing the Line Between Idea and Expression in Computer Program Copyright Protection, 44 J. of the Copyright Soc'y of the USA Vol. 44, No. 2 (Winter 1996).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Is the Commission Fulfilling its Mandate?: A Review of the Sentencing Commission's 1994 Annual Report, 8 Federal Sentencing Reporter, Number 2 (September/October, 1995).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974: An Overview of ERISA Preemption, 17 Am. J. Trial Advoc. 529 (Fall 1993).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., The Second Circuit Review - 1991-1992 Term Loosening the Administrative Handcuffs: Discretion and Responsibility Under the Sentencing Guidelines, 59 Brook. L. Rev. 551 (1993).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Common Law Rules and Land-Use Regulations: Lucas and Future Takings Jurisprudence, 3 Seton Hall Const. L.J. 3 (Spring 1993).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., Jessica D. Litman, Susan G. Braden, Anthony L. Clapes, Henry B. Gutman, Rochelle Coper Dreyfuss, and Marci A. Hamilton Copyright Protection: Has Look & Feel Crashed?, 11 Cardozo Arts & Ent. L.J. 721 (1992).</li> <li>John M. Walker Jr., U.S. v. Sells: Engineering a Result to Promote Grand Jury Secrecy, 21 Am. Crim. L. Rev. 99 (1983).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorklawjournal.com/PubArticleNY.jsp?id=900005457031&Walker_to_Assume_Senior_Status_Law_Professor_Tapped&slreturn=20130706190305">Daniel Wise, <i>Walker to Assume Senior Status; Law Professor Tapped</i>, N.Y. Law Journal, June 30, 2006</a> Accessed August 6, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TAPP-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TAPP_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TAPP_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TAPP_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TAPP_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TAPP_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=43805.">Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, Ronald Reagan: "Nomination of John M. Walker, Jr., To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury," The American Presidency Project, May 13, 1981</a> Accessed August 6, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fjc.gov-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/walker-john-mercer-jr.">"Walker, John Mercer, Jr. - Federal Judicial Center"</a>. <i>www.fjc.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fjc.gov&rft.atitle=Walker%2C+John+Mercer%2C+Jr.+-+Federal+Judicial+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.gov%2Fhistory%2Fjudges%2Fwalker-john-mercer-jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+M.+Walker+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080212/http://www.federalbarcouncil.org/FBCFiles/LearnedHandAwardRecipients.pdf">"Learned Hand Award Established by the Federal Bar Council in 1962" Federal Bar Council</a> Accessed August 12, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">565 U.S. ___, ___,132 S. Ct. 694, 705 n.2 (2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atlantic-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John M. Walker Jr., "The Unfortunate Politicization of Judicial Confirmation Hearings" <i>The Atlantic</i>, July 9, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2007/g8dec.pdf">"Experts Conference on the Rule of Law" Federal Foreign Office, Germany, 2007</a> Accessed August 13, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalkerSchuker201243_n.1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalkerSchuker201243_n.1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalkerSchuker2012">Walker & Schuker 2012</a>, p. 43 n.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEELI2011Report-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CEELI2011Report_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CEELI2011Report_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceeliinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/AnnualReport2011.pdf">CEELI Institute 2011 Annual Report</a> Accessed August 10, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130811102352/http://news.albanianscreen.tv/pages/news_detail/37887/ENG">"'Justice under pressure', Topi: Legal conditions for correct judges verdicts" Albanian Screen, May 14, 2012</a> Accessed August 10, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syzy.chinacourt.org/public/detail.php?id=2744">"美国联邦大区法官约翰·沃克一行到我院参观访问 (U.S. Federal Court Judge John Walker visits our court)" Liaoning Shenyang Municipal Intermediate People's Court Jan. 15, 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043825/http://syzy.chinacourt.org/public/detail.php?id=2744">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed August 6, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://njc.chinacourt.org/old/public/detail.php?id=637">"美国联邦第二巡回区前首席大法官约翰·沃克访问我院并做主题讲座" (Former Chief Judge of U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit lectures at NJC) National Judges College website Jan. 25, 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002121111/http://njc.chinacourt.org/old/public/detail.php?id=637">Archived</a> 2013-10-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed August 6, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcgxy.org/xwhg/201012/t20101209_476938.shtml">"美国联邦第二巡回上诉法院法官到我院讲学" (U.S. Second Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Addresses NPC)" Jan. 17, 2008</a> Accessed August 6, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rucil.com.cn/article/default.asp?id=645">"与美国联邦法官交流和对话 John Walker" (Dialogue with U.S. Federal Judge) RUCIL.com.cn Jan. 7, 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150608220451/http://www.rucil.com.cn/article/default.asp?id=645">Archived</a> 2015-06-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed August 6, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cupl.edu.cn/2009/content_010488.html">Ji Bingheng, "美国联邦法院法官做客名家论坛从西方和中国的视角探讨法治问题" (U.S. Federal Court Judge Explores Western and Chinese Perspectives on the Rule of Law at Experts' Forum) CUPL.edu, Nov. 12, 2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002171403/http://news.cupl.edu.cn/2009/content_010488.html">Archived</a> October 2, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.criminallawbnu.cn/criminal/info/showpage.asp?showhead=&ProgramID=1910&pkID=22468">"'中美刑罚制度比较研究：刑罚的运用'座谈会召开 (Forum on comparative perspectives on Chinese and American criminal law) Mar. 30, 2009</a> Accessed August 6, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tjsl.edu/study-abroad/china/blog/2012/07/thomas-jefferson-china-program-dan-schmeichel-pictures-lindsay-volk-">Dan Schmeichel, "Thomas Jefferson China Program" July 3, 2012</a> Accessed August 3, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.chinacourt.org/public/detail.php?id=283853">Zhou Lingling, "万鄂湘会见美联邦巡回上诉法院法官约翰·沃克" (Wan Exiang meets U.S. Court of Appeals Judge John Walker") Chinacourt.org, Jan. 21, 2008</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231105/http://old.chinacourt.org/public/detail.php?id=283853">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed August 6, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111183444/http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2009-12/12/content_12636552.htm">Cheng Zhuo and Gu Ye, "首届中美法治与人权研讨会开幕 (Inaugural Sino-American Dialogue on the Rule of Law and Human Rights Opens)" <i>Xinhua</i> Dec. 12, 2009</a> Accessed August 6, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2009-12/13/content_403448.htm">Wang Nan, "首届中美法治与人权研讨会举行 (Inaugural Sino-American Dialogue on the Rule of Law and Human Rights Held)" <i>People's Daily</i> Dec. 12, 2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817033014/http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2009-12/13/content_403448.htm">Archived</a> 2016-08-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed August 6, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cq.ifeng.com/zhuanti/jijindh02/ziliao/detail_2011_12/01/116649_0.shtml">"中国人权发展基金会举办首届中美法治与人权研讨会 (China Foundation for Human Rights Development Holds Inaugural Sino-American Dialogue on Rule of Law and Human Rights)" CFHRD, Dec. 16, 2009</a> Accessed August 6, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim_Martineau2006" class="citation news cs1">Kim Martineau (2006-10-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topix.net/content/trb/3183495886272796658911488469922228018198">"Judge Was Behind The Wheel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Courant" title="Hartford Courant">Hartford Courant</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Judge+Was+Behind+The+Wheel&rft.date=2006-10-19&rft.au=Kim+Martineau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.topix.net%2Fcontent%2Ftrb%2F3183495886272796658911488469922228018198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+M.+Walker+Jr." class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Kaempffer2006" class="citation news cs1">William Kaempffer (2006-10-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061117071540/http://www.officer.com/article/article.jsp?siteSection=2&id=33177">"Connecticut Officer Hit by Judge Dies"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://officer.com/article/article.jsp?id=33177&siteSection=2">the original</a> on 2006-11-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Connecticut+Officer+Hit+by+Judge+Dies&rft.date=2006-10-25&rft.au=William+Kaempffer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fofficer.com%2Farticle%2Farticle.jsp%3Fid%3D33177%26siteSection%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+M.+Walker+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Kaempffer2006" class="citation news cs1">William Kaempffer (2006-10-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003419/http://www.nhregister.com/site/index.cfm?newsid=17341894&BRD=1281&PAG=461&dept_id=517515&rfi=8">"City cop in critical condition after being struck by SUV"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Register" title="New Haven Register">New Haven Register</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhregister.com/site/index.cfm?newsid=17341894&BRD=1281&PAG=461&dept_id=517515&rfi=8">the original</a> on 2007-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=City+cop+in+critical+condition+after+being+struck+by+SUV&rft.date=2006-10-18&rft.au=William+Kaempffer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhregister.com%2Fsite%2Findex.cfm%3Fnewsid%3D17341894%26BRD%3D1281%26PAG%3D461%26dept_id%3D517515%26rfi%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+M.+Walker+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA_Today-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USA_Today_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_Today_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-10-22-judge-officer_x.htm">"Officer struck by Bush's cousin dies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. 2006-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Officer+struck+by+Bush%27s+cousin+dies&rft.date=2006-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2006-10-22-judge-officer_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+M.+Walker+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-picagli1022-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-picagli1022_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTina_A._Brown2006" class="citation news cs1">Tina A. Brown (2006-10-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courant.com/news/local/hc-nhcop1022.artoct22,0,6629522.story?coll=hc-headlines-local">"Injured Police Officer Dies In Hospital"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Courant" title="Hartford Courant">Hartford Courant</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Injured+Police+Officer+Dies+In+Hospital&rft.date=2006-10-22&rft.au=Tina+A.+Brown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.courant.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fhc-nhcop1022.artoct22%2C0%2C6629522.story%3Fcoll%3Dhc-headlines-local&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+M.+Walker+Jr." class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Kaempffer2006" class="citation news cs1">William Kaempffer (2006-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184507/http://www.nhregister.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17534937&BRD=1281&PAG=461&dept_id=590581&rfi=6">"Job Permit Had Expired at Site of Cop's Death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Register" title="New Haven Register">New Haven Register</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhregister.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17534937&BRD=1281&PAG=461&dept_id=590581&rfi=6">the original</a> on 2007-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Job+Permit+Had+Expired+at+Site+of+Cop%27s+Death&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft.au=William+Kaempffer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhregister.com%2Fsite%2Fnews.cfm%3Fnewsid%3D17534937%26BRD%3D1281%26PAG%3D461%26dept_id%3D590581%26rfi%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+M.+Walker+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Zaretsky2007" class="citation news cs1">Mark Zaretsky (March 16, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928004045/http://www.nhregister.com/site/index.cfm?newsid=18087702&BRD=1281&PAG=461&dept_id=517515&rfi=8">"Judge cleared in accident that killed popular local cop"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Register" title="New Haven Register">New Haven Register</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhregister.com/site/index.cfm?newsid=18087702&BRD=1281&PAG=461&dept_id=517515&rfi=8">the original</a> on September 28, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Judge+cleared+in+accident+that+killed+popular+local+cop&rft.date=2007-03-16&rft.au=Mark+Zaretsky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhregister.com%2Fsite%2Findex.cfm%3Fnewsid%3D18087702%26BRD%3D1281%26PAG%3D461%26dept_id%3D517515%26rfi%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+M.+Walker+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Walker_Jr.&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/walker-john-mercer-jr.">FJC Bio</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=43805">Nomination to be an Assistant secretary of the Treasury</a> - the American Presidency Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060906033236/https://www.brooklaw.edu/news/homepage_news/commencement2005_walker.php">Brooklyn Law School commencement profile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.yale.edu/faculty/JMWalker.htm">Yale faculty page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?21274">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Morris_E._Lasker" title="Morris E. Lasker">Morris E. Lasker</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a></span> </b><br />1985–1989 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kaufman" title="Irving Kaufman">Irving Kaufman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a></span> </b><br />1989–2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Debra_Ann_Livingston" title="Debra Ann Livingston">Debra Ann Livingston</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_K._Winter_Jr." title="Ralph K. Winter Jr.">Ralph K. Winter Jr.</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap">Chief Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a></span> </b><br />2000–2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Jacobs" title="Dennis Jacobs">Dennis Jacobs</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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of appeals judges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_courts_of_appeals_judges" title="Template talk:United States courts of appeals judges"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_courts_of_appeals_judges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States courts of appeals judges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Judges_of_the_United_States_courts_of_appeals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Judges of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">United States courts of appeals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">Full list</a> · Names in <b>bold</b> represent current <a href="/wiki/Chief_judge_(United_States)" title="Chief judge (United States)">chief judges</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit">1st Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/David_J._Barron" title="David J. Barron">Barron</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Gelp%C3%AD" title="Gustavo Gelpí">Gelpí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lara_Montecalvo" title="Lara Montecalvo">Montecalvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Rikelman" title="Julie Rikelman">Rikelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Aframe" title="Seth Aframe">Aframe</a></li> <li><i>1 seat vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levin_H._Campbell" title="Levin H. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Selya" title="Bruce M. Selya">Selya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Lynch" title="Sandra Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermit_Lipez" title="Kermit Lipez">Lipez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_R._Howard" title="Jeffrey R. Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._Rogeriee_Thompson" title="O. Rogeriee Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Kayatta_Jr." title="William J. Kayatta Jr.">Kayatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">2nd Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Debra_Ann_Livingston" title="Debra Ann Livingston">Livingston</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lohier" title="Raymond Lohier">Lohier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Sullivan" title="Richard J. Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Bianco" title="Joseph F. Bianco">Bianco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_H._Park" title="Michael H. Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Nardini" title="William J. Nardini">Nardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Menashi" title="Steven Menashi">Menashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_C._Lee" title="Eunice C. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Robinson" title="Beth Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrna_P%C3%A9rez" title="Myrna Pérez">Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Nathan" title="Alison Nathan">Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_A._L._Merriam" title="Sarah A. L. Merriam">Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ara%C3%BAjo_Kahn" title="Maria Araújo Kahn">Kahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_O._Newman" title="Jon O. Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalya_Kearse" title="Amalya Kearse">Kearse</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Jacobs" title="Dennis Jacobs">Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_N._Leval" title="Pierre N. Leval">Leval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Calabresi" title="Guido Calabresi">Calabresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_A._Cabranes" title="José A. Cabranes">Cabranes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Sack" title="Robert D. Sack">Sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrington_D._Parker_Jr." title="Barrington D. Parker Jr.">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reena_Raggi" title="Reena Raggi">Raggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Wesley" title="Richard C. Wesley">Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_E._Lynch" title="Gerard E. Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denny_Chin" title="Denny Chin">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_L._Carney" title="Susan L. Carney">Carney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">3rd Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chagares" title="Michael Chagares">Chagares</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_A._Jordan" title="Kent A. Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardiman" title="Thomas Hardiman">Hardiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Shwartz" title="Patty Shwartz">Shwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Ann_Krause" title="Cheryl Ann Krause">Krause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Felipe_Restrepo" title="L. Felipe Restrepo">Restrepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanos_Bibas" title="Stephanos Bibas">Bibas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Porter_(judge)" title="David J. Porter (judge)">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Matey" title="Paul Matey">Matey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Phipps" title="Peter J. Phipps">Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianna_J._Freeman" title="Arianna J. Freeman">Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamika_Montgomery-Reeves" title="Tamika Montgomery-Reeves">Montgomery-Reeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_K._Chung" title="Cindy K. Chung">Chung</a></li> <li><i>1 seat vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Scirica" title="Anthony Joseph Scirica">Scirica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cowen" title="Robert Cowen">Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lowell_Nygaard" title="Richard Lowell Nygaard">Nygaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Richards_Roth" title="Jane Richards Roth">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_McKee" title="Theodore McKee">McKee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Rendell" title="Marjorie Rendell">Rendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Ambro" title="Thomas L. Ambro">Ambro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_M._Fuentes" title="Julio M. Fuentes">Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Brooks_Smith" title="D. Brooks Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Michael_Fisher" title="D. Michael Fisher">Fisher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">4th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Albert_Diaz_(judge)" title="Albert Diaz (judge)">Diaz</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Harvie_Wilkinson_III" title="J. Harvie Wilkinson III">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_V._Niemeyer" title="Paul V. Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_King" title="Robert Bruce King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Gregory" title="Roger Gregory">Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Steven_Agee" title="G. Steven Agee">Agee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Andrew_Wynn" title="James Andrew Wynn">Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Thacker" title="Stephanie Thacker">Thacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Harris_(judge)" title="Pamela Harris (judge)">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_N._Richardson" title="Julius N. Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Marvin_Quattlebaum_Jr." title="A. Marvin Quattlebaum Jr.">Quattlebaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Jones_Rushing" title="Allison Jones Rushing">Rushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_J._Heytens" title="Toby J. Heytens">Heytens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeAndrea_G._Benjamin" title="DeAndrea G. Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Berner" title="Nicole Berner">Berner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Gribbon_Motz" title="Diana Gribbon Motz">Motz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd_Traxler_Jr." title="William Byrd Traxler Jr.">Traxler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Milano_Keenan" title="Barbara Milano Keenan">Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Floyd" title="Henry F. Floyd">Floyd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Walker_Elrod" title="Jennifer Walker Elrod">Elrod</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Jones" title="Edith Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Edwin_Smith" title="Jerry Edwin Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_E._Stewart" title="Carl E. Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Richman" title="Priscilla Richman">Richman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_H._Southwick" title="Leslie H. Southwick">Southwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharina_Haynes" title="Catharina Haynes">Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Graves_Jr." title="James E. Graves Jr.">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Higginson" title="Stephen A. Higginson">Higginson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Willett" title="Don Willett">Willett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Ho" title="James C. Ho">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Duncan_(judge)" title="Kyle Duncan (judge)">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_D._Engelhardt" title="Kurt D. Engelhardt">Engelhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Oldham" title="Andrew Oldham">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_T._Wilson" title="Cory T. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Douglas" title="Dana Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irma_Carrillo_Ramirez" title="Irma Carrillo Ramirez">Ramirez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Dineen_King" title="Carolyn Dineen King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Grady_Jolly" title="E. Grady Jolly">Jolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Higginbotham" title="Patrick Higginbotham">Higginbotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Eugene_Davis" title="W. Eugene Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Duh%C3%A9_Jr." title="John M. Duhé Jr.">Duhé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_L._Wiener_Jr." title="Jacques L. Wiener Jr.">Wiener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhesa_Barksdale" title="Rhesa Barksdale">Barksdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Dennis" title="James L. Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Brown_Clement" title="Edith Brown Clement">Clement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">6th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sutton" title="Jeffrey Sutton">Sutton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Nelson_Moore" title="Karen Nelson Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_L._Clay" title="Eric L. Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Allen_Griffin" title="Richard Allen Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Kethledge" title="Raymond Kethledge">Kethledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Branstetter_Stranch" title="Jane Branstetter Stranch">Stranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amul_Thapar" title="Amul Thapar">Thapar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Bush" title="John K. Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Larsen" title="Joan Larsen">Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nalbandian" title="John Nalbandian">Nalbandian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Readler" title="Chad Readler">Readler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_E._Murphy" title="Eric E. Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_D._Davis" title="Stephanie D. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Mathis" title="Andre Mathis">Mathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bloomekatz" title="Rachel Bloomekatz">Bloomekatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_G._Ritz" title="Kevin G. Ritz">Ritz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_B._Guy_Jr." title="Ralph B. Guy Jr.">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Ryan" title="James L. Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Julian_Boggs" title="Danny Julian Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Eugene_Norris" title="Alan Eugene Norris">Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fred_Suhrheinrich" title="Richard Fred Suhrheinrich">Suhrheinrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Edward_Siler_Jr." title="Eugene Edward Siler Jr.">Siler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_M._Batchelder" title="Alice M. Batchelder">Batchelder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Craig_Daughtrey" title="Martha Craig Daughtrey">Daughtrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Guy_Cole_Jr." title="R. Guy Cole Jr.">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Lee_Gilman" title="Ronald Lee Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Smith_Gibbons" title="Julia Smith Gibbons">Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Rogers" title="John M. Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_L._Cook" title="Deborah L. Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McKeague" title="David McKeague">McKeague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helene_White" title="Helene White">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">7th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diane_S._Sykes" title="Diane S. Sykes">Sykes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Easterbrook" title="Frank Easterbrook">Easterbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_B._Brennan" title="Michael B. Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Y._Scudder" title="Michael Y. Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_St._Eve" title="Amy St. Eve">St. Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kirsch" title="Thomas Kirsch">Kirsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Jackson-Akiwumi" title="Candace Jackson-Akiwumi">Jackson-Akiwumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Lee" title="John Z. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Pryor" title="Doris Pryor">Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_P._Kolar" title="Joshua P. Kolar">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_L._Maldonado" title="Nancy L. Maldonado">Maldonado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bauer" title="William J. Bauer">Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Flaum" title="Joel Flaum">Flaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Francis_Ripple" title="Kenneth Francis Ripple">Ripple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilana_Rovner" title="Ilana Rovner">Rovner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hamilton_(judge)" title="David Hamilton (judge)">Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">8th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Steven_Colloton" title="Steven Colloton">Colloton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Loken" title="James B. Loken">Loken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavenski_Smith" title="Lavenski Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Gruender" title="Raymond Gruender">Gruender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Benton" title="Duane Benton">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Shepherd" title="Bobby Shepherd">Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_L._Kelly" title="Jane L. Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_R._Erickson" title="Ralph R. Erickson">Erickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Steven_Grasz" title="L. Steven Grasz">Grasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stras" title="David Stras">Stras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_A._Kobes" title="Jonathan A. Kobes">Kobes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasco_Bowman_II" title="Pasco Bowman II">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Leland_Wollman" title="Roger Leland Wollman">Wollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Arlen_Beam" title="C. Arlen Beam">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Hansen" title="David R. Hansen">Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_S._Arnold" title="Morris S. Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Melloy" title="Michael Joseph Melloy">Melloy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">9th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_H._Murguia" title="Mary H. Murguia">Murguia</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_McLane_Wardlaw" title="Kim McLane Wardlaw">Wardlaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_M._Gould" title="Ronald M. Gould">Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_B._Rawlinson" title="Johnnie B. Rawlinson">Rawlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consuelo_Callahan" title="Consuelo Callahan">Callahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Smith" title="Milan Smith">M. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Segal_Ikuta" title="Sandra Segal Ikuta">Ikuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Christen" title="Morgan Christen">Christen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Nguyen" title="Jacqueline Nguyen">Nguyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Owens" title="John B. Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Friedland" title="Michelle Friedland">Friedland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_J._Bennett" title="Mark J. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_D._Nelson" title="Ryan D. Nelson">R. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_D._Miller" title="Eric D. Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_S._Bade" title="Bridget S. Bade">Bade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._Collins" title="Daniel P. Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_K._Lee" title="Kenneth K. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bress" title="Daniel Bress">Bress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielle_J._Forrest" title="Danielle J. Forrest">Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Bumatay" title="Patrick J. Bumatay">Bumatay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_VanDyke" title="Lawrence VanDyke">VanDyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Koh" title="Lucy Koh">Koh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Sung" title="Jennifer Sung">Sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_P._Sanchez" title="Gabriel P. Sanchez">Sanchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_A._Thomas" title="Holly A. Thomas">H. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Mendoza_Jr." title="Salvador Mendoza Jr.">Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roopali_Desai" title="Roopali Desai">Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Johnstone" title="Anthony Johnstone">Johnstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_de_Alba" title="Ana de Alba">de Alba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Clifford_Wallace" title="J. Clifford Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_M._Schroeder" title="Mary M. Schroeder">Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Wright_Nelson" title="Dorothy Wright Nelson">D. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Canby" title="William Canby">Canby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarmuid_O%27Scannlain" title="Diarmuid O'Scannlain">O'Scannlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_S._Trott" title="Stephen S. Trott">Trott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Fernandez" title="Ferdinand Fernandez">Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kleinfeld" title="Andrew Kleinfeld">Kleinfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Daly_Hawkins" title="Michael Daly Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Wallace_Tashima" title="A. Wallace Tashima">Tashima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_R._Thomas" title="Sidney R. Thomas">S. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_G._Silverman" title="Barry G. Silverman">Silverman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_P._Graber" title="Susan P. Graber">Graber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Margaret_McKeown" title="M. Margaret McKeown">McKeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Fletcher" title="William A. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Paez" title="Richard Paez">Paez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Berzon" title="Marsha Berzon">Berzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Tallman" title="Richard C. Tallman">Tallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clifton" title="Richard Clifton">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Bybee" title="Jay Bybee">Bybee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bea" title="Carlos Bea">Bea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Randy_Smith" title="N. Randy Smith">N. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Hurwitz" title="Andrew D. Hurwitz">Hurwitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit">10th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Holmes" title="Jerome Holmes">Holmes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Hartz" title="Harris Hartz">Hartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Tymkovich" title="Timothy Tymkovich">Tymkovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Matheson_Jr." title="Scott Matheson Jr.">Matheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Bacharach" title="Robert E. Bacharach">Bacharach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_A._Phillips" title="Gregory A. Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_B._McHugh" title="Carolyn B. McHugh">McHugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Moritz" title="Nancy Moritz">Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_H._Eid" title="Allison H. Eid">Eid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_M._Carson_III" title="Joel M. Carson III">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronica_S._Rossman" title="Veronica S. Rossman">Rossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Federico" title="Richard Federico">Federico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kulp_Seymour" title="Stephanie Kulp Seymour">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carbone_Porfilio" title="John Carbone Porfilio">Porfilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_H._Anderson" title="Stephen H. Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Baldock" title="Bobby Baldock">Baldock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Brorby" title="Wade Brorby">Brorby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Ebel" title="David M. Ebel">Ebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Kelly_Jr." title="Paul Joseph Kelly Jr.">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beck_Briscoe" title="Mary Beck Briscoe">Briscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_F._Lucero" title="Carlos F. Lucero">Lucero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Murphy" title="Michael R. Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrence_L._O%27Brien" title="Terrence L. O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit">11th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/William_H._Pryor_Jr." title="William H. Pryor Jr.">W. Pryor</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Wilson_(judge)" title="Charles R. Wilson (judge)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalberto_Jordan" title="Adalberto Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_S._Rosenbaum" title="Robin S. Rosenbaum">Rosenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_A._Pryor" title="Jill A. Pryor">J. Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Newsom" title="Kevin Newsom">Newsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_L._Branch" title="Elizabeth L. Branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britt_Grant" title="Britt Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Luck" title="Robert J. Luck">Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lagoa" title="Barbara Lagoa">Lagoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_L._Brasher" title="Andrew L. Brasher">Brasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Abudu" title="Nancy Abudu">Abudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embry_Kidd" title="Embry Kidd">Kidd</a> (Designate)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Bard_Tjoflat" title="Gerald Bard Tjoflat">Tjoflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Lanier_Anderson_III" title="R. Lanier Anderson III">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larry_Edmondson" title="James Larry Edmondson">Edmondson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fredrick_Dubina" title="Joel Fredrick Dubina">Dubina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_H._Black" title="Susan H. Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Earl_Carnes" title="Edward Earl Carnes">E. Carnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_M._Hull" title="Frank M. Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Marcus_(judge)" title="Stanley Marcus (judge)">Marcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_E._Carnes" title="Julie E. Carnes">J. Carnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">D.C. Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Srinivasan" title="Sri Srinivasan">Srinivasan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_L._Henderson" title="Karen L. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Millett" title="Patricia Millett">Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Pillard" title="Cornelia Pillard">Pillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Wilkins" title="Robert L. Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_G._Katsas" title="Gregory G. Katsas">Katsas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomi_Rao" title="Neomi Rao">Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_R._Walker" title="Justin R. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michelle_Childs" title="J. Michelle Childs">Childs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Y._Pan" title="Florence Y. Pan">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Garcia" title="Brad Garcia">Garcia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Edwards" title="Harry T. Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_H._Ginsburg" title="Douglas H. Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Sentelle" title="David B. Sentelle">Sentelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Raymond_Randolph" title="A. Raymond Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_W._Rogers" title="Judith W. Rogers">Rogers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Federal_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit">Federal Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_A._Moore" title="Kimberly A. Moore">Moore</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Newman" title="Pauline Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_David_Lourie" title="Alan David Lourie">Lourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_B._Dyk" title="Timothy B. Dyk">Dyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Prost" title="Sharon Prost">Prost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_V._Reyna" title="Jimmie V. Reyna">Reyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Taranto" title="Richard G. Taranto">Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Chen" title="Raymond T. Chen">Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_M._Hughes" title="Todd M. Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Farnandez_Stoll" title="Kara Farnandez Stoll">Stoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_P._Cunningham" title="Tiffany P. Cunningham">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_P._Stark" title="Leonard P. Stark">Stark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haldane_Robert_Mayer" title="Haldane Robert Mayer">Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Jay_Plager" title="S. Jay Plager">Plager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_C._Clevenger" title="Raymond C. Clevenger">Clevenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Anthony_Schall" title="Alvin Anthony Schall">Schall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Curtis_Bryson" title="William Curtis Bryson">Bryson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linn" title="Richard Linn">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Wallach" title="Evan Wallach">Wallach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16105511#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16105511#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16105511#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000067847397">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/92825655">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB8rv4KJ7d676Pc66hT73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no98085124">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35587736">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007323032205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1005315">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60x3nvb">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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