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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Substance: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حركة جوهرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حركة جوهرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substansiya" title="Substansiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Substansiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Субстанция – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Субстанция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subst%C3%A0ncia" title="Substància – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Substància" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podstata" title="Podstata – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Podstata" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substans" title="Substans – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Substans" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substanz" title="Substanz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Substanz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substants" title="Substants – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Substants" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_theory" title="Substance theory – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Substance theory" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustancia_(filosof%C3%ADa)" title="Sustancia (filosofía) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sustancia (filosofía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substanco" title="Substanco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Substanco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantzia_(filosofia)" title="Substantzia (filosofia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Substantzia (filosofia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="حرکت جوهری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حرکت جوهری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_(philosophie)" title="Substance (philosophie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Substance (philosophie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substancia_(filosof%C3%ADa)" title="Substancia (filosofía) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Substancia (filosofía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EC%B2%B4" title="실체 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="실체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81" title="Սուբստանց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուբստանց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supstancija" title="Supstancija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Supstancija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substanco" title="Substanco – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Substanco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zat" title="Zat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umumbu" title="Umumbu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umumbu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sostanza_(filosofia)" title="Sostanza (filosofia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sostanza (filosofia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Субстанция – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Субстанция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Субстанция – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Субстанция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantia" title="Substantia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Substantia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substancijos-akcidencijos_perskyra" title="Substancijos-akcidencijos perskyra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Substancijos-akcidencijos perskyra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szubsztancia" title="Szubsztancia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szubsztancia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantie" title="Substantie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Substantie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9F%E4%BD%93" title="実体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="実体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modda" title="Modda – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Modda" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substancja_(filozofia)" title="Substancja (filozofia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Substancja (filozofia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subst%C3%A2ncia_(filosofia)" title="Substância (filosofia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Substância (filosofia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Субстанция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Субстанция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustanza" title="Sustanza – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sustanza" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substancia_(filozofia)" title="Substancia (filozofia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Substancia (filozofia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%88%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1" title="جەوھەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەوھەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zat" title="Zat – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Zat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substanssi" title="Substanssi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Substanssi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substans_(filosofi)" title="Substans (filosofi) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Substans (filosofi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorya_ng_sustansiya" title="Teorya ng sustansiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Teorya ng sustansiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6z" title="Töz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Töz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Субстанція – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Субстанція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BA" title="实体论 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="实体论" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q378078#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Substance" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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2020</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Substance&action=edit&oldid=7205568" title="Substance">change</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2020-12-07T22:48:21Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Substance&action=edit&undoafter=7205328&undo=7205568" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Technopat" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Technopat" data-mw-revid="7205568"><bdi>Technopat</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Technopat" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Technopat">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Technopat" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Technopat">changes</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>596</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Reverted <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGF" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGF">good faith</a> edits by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/174.47.95.104" title="Special:Contributions/174.47.95.104">174.47.95.104</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:174.47.95.104&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:174.47.95.104 (not yet started)">talk</a>). (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TW" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TW">TW</a>)</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tag</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mw-undo">Undo</span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Substance&diff=next&oldid=7205568" title="Substance" id="differences-nextlink">Newer diff →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>'''Substance''' [''sub'-stuns''] is the material, or [[matter]], of which something is made. '''Substances''' are physical things that can be seen, touched, or measured. They are made up of one or more [[element]]al parts. [[Iron]], [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Aluminium|aluminum</del>]], [[water]] and [[air]] are examples of substances.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>'''Substance''' [''sub'-stuns''] is the material, or [[matter]], of which something is made. '''Substances''' are physical things that can be seen, touched, or measured. They are made up of one or more [[element]]al parts. [[Iron]], [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">aluminium</ins>]], [[water]] and [[air]] are examples of substances.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Image:Kochendes wasser02.jpg|thumb|right|[[Steam]] and [[liquid]] water are two different forms of the same chemical substance, water.]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Image:Kochendes wasser02.jpg|thumb|right|[[Steam]] and [[liquid]] water are two different forms of the same chemical substance, water.]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 22:48, 7 December 2020</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Substance</b> [<i>sub'-stuns</i>] is the material, or <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a>, of which something is made. <b>Substances</b> are physical things that can be seen, touched, or measured. They are made up of one or more <a href="/wiki/Element" class="mw-disambig" title="Element">elemental</a> parts. <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a> are examples of substances. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kochendes_wasser02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Kochendes_wasser02.jpg/220px-Kochendes_wasser02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Kochendes_wasser02.jpg/330px-Kochendes_wasser02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Kochendes_wasser02.jpg/440px-Kochendes_wasser02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Steam" title="Steam">Steam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquid</a> water are two different forms of the same chemical substance, water.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Problems_of_definition">Problems of definition</h2></div> <p>The main problem of a clear definition of what the substance is that if, for example, to consider not just the <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a> (cosmos), being and non-being, and in general all, the question arises, what is the constant basic principle (attribute) is the basis of the substance, which generally consists of all (that is, matter, <a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">mind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senses" class="mw-redirect" title="Senses">senses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space" class="mw-disambig" title="Space">space</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a>, and so on). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_concept">History of the concept</h2></div> <p>The Latin word substantia - a translation of the Greek word for the essence (ousia), and in Latin to describe the essence of using the word essentia. In ancient philosophy substance is treated as a substrate, the first principle of all things (for example, "water" of <a href="/wiki/Thales" title="Thales">Thales</a>, the "fire" of <a href="/wiki/Heraclitus" title="Heraclitus">Heraclitus</a>). </p><p>In modern times, the <a href="/wiki/Concept" title="Concept">concept</a> of substance is treated and spread widely. The first view is connected with an ontological understanding of substance as ultimate bases being (<a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_Spinoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benedict Spinoza (not yet started)">Benedict Spinoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</a>). Central category of <a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">metaphysics</a> in philosophy substance is identified as with God and with nature and determined as the cause of itself (Latin causa sui). The main characteristics (attributes) of a substance from Benedict Spinoza are thinking and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stretch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stretch (not yet started)">stretch</a>. By analogy with the philosophy of Benedict Spinoza substance considered in the light of the concept of René Descartes and Leibniz. The first substance is a unity of subject and object, and the second - the same atoms are simple beings who lose their stretch, but receive attribute <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspirations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspirations (not yet started)">aspirations</a> (Fr. appetition) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplicity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multiplicity (not yet started)">multiplicity</a>. Thanks Leibniz substance begins to associate with matter. </p><p>The second point of view on the substance - an epistemological understanding of the concept, its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capabilities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capabilities (not yet started)">capabilities</a> and the need for scientific knowledge (John Locke, David Hume). Immanuel Kant believed that the law under which any change in the substance of events and the number of stored it in nature remains the same, can be attributed to the "analogies of experience." Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel defined substance as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integrity (not yet started)">integrity</a> of changing, transient side of things, as a "major step in the development of the will." For Arthur Schopenhauer substance - matter for David Hume - a fiction, the coexistence properties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_articles">Related articles</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">Chemical substance</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Substance&oldid=7205568">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Substance&oldid=7205568</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Basic_English_850_words" title="Category:Basic English 850 words">Basic English 850 words</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Physics" title="Category:Physics">Physics</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 7 December 2020, at 22:48.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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