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id="toc-Greco-Roman_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greco-Roman_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Greco-Roman practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greco-Roman_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Christian practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Early</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baroque_Catholicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baroque_Catholicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Baroque Catholicism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baroque_Catholicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Imperial China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procession_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procession_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Procession elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procession_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functions_of_processions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functions_of_processions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Functions of processions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Functions_of_processions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Functions of processions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Functions_of_processions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Advertisement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertisement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Advertisement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertisement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Change_in_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Change_in_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Change in government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Change_in_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Display_of_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Display_of_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Display of power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Display_of_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Protest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solidarity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solidarity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Solidarity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solidarity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_processions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_processions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Christian processions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christian_processions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christian processions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christian_processions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catholics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Catholics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery_of_Catholic_processions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery_of_Catholic_processions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Gallery of Catholic processions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery_of_Catholic_processions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Orthodox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Orthodox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Eastern Orthodox</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Orthodox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outdoors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outdoors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Outdoors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outdoors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indoors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indoors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Indoors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indoors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery_of_Eastern_Orthodox_processions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery_of_Eastern_Orthodox_processions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Gallery of Eastern Orthodox processions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery_of_Eastern_Orthodox_processions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oriental_Orthodox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oriental_Orthodox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Oriental Orthodox</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oriental_Orthodox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery_of_Oriental_Orthodox_processions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery_of_Oriental_Orthodox_processions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Gallery of Oriental Orthodox processions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery_of_Oriental_Orthodox_processions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reformed_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reformed_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Reformed churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reformed_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Processions_in_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Processions_in_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Processions in art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Processions_in_art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Processions in art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Processions_in_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>In film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>In music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81" title="تطواف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تطواف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosesion" title="Prosesion – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Prosesion" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process%C3%B3" title="Processó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Processó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgick%C3%BD_pr%C5%AFvod" title="Liturgický průvod – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Liturgický průvod" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prozession" title="Prozession – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prozession" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protsessioon" title="Protsessioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Protsessioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Λιτανεία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιτανεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesi%C3%B3n" title="Procesión – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Procesión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesio" title="Procesio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Procesio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prozesio" title="Prozesio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Prozesio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="دسته‌روی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دسته‌روی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procession_religieuse" title="Procession religieuse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Procession religieuse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesi%C3%B3n" title="Procesión – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Procesión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesija" title="Procesija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Procesija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processione" title="Processione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Processione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86" title="ಮೆರವಣಿಗೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆರವಣಿಗೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processio" title="Processio – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Processio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressessioun" title="Pressessioun – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pressessioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesija" title="Procesija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Procesija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B3nk" title="Brónk – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Brónk" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6rmenet" title="Körmenet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Körmenet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processie" title="Processie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Processie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Organized body of people walking in a formal or ceremonial manner</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Procession_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Procession (disambiguation)">Procession (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>A <b>procession</b> is an organized body of people walking in a formal or ceremonial manner.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funeral_Procession_-_15th_Century_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16531.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Funeral_Procession_-_15th_Century_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16531.jpg/220px-Funeral_Procession_-_15th_Century_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16531.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Funeral_Procession_-_15th_Century_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16531.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption>A funeral procession, illustrated in a manuscript of the <i>Hours of the Virgin</i>. Fifteenth century. <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>, Add MS 27697.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Royal_Procession.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/A_Royal_Procession.jpg/220px-A_Royal_Procession.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/A_Royal_Procession.jpg/330px-A_Royal_Procession.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/A_Royal_Procession.jpg/440px-A_Royal_Procession.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>A Royal Procession</figcaption></figure> <p>Processions have in all peoples and at all times been a natural form of public celebration, as forming an orderly and impressive ceremony. Religious and triumphal processions are abundantly illustrated by ancient monuments, e.g. the religious processions of Egypt, those illustrated by the rock-carvings of <a href="/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa">Boghaz-Keui</a>, the many representations of processions in Greek art, culminating in the great Panathenaic procession of the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon_Frieze" title="Parthenon Frieze">Parthenon Frieze</a>, and Roman triumphal reliefs, such as those of the <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">arch of Titus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greco-Roman_practice">Greco-Roman practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Greco-Roman practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Processions played a prominent part in the great festivals of Greece, where they were always religious in character. The games were either opened or accompanied by more or less elaborate processions and sacrifices, while processions from the earliest times formed part of the worship of the old nature gods, as those connected with the <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Dionysus" title="Cult of Dionysus">cult of Dionysus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Phallic_processions" title="Phallic processions">Phallic processions</a>, and later formed an essential part of the celebration of the great religious festivals (e.g. the processions of the <a href="/wiki/Thesmophoria" title="Thesmophoria">Thesmophoria</a>, and that of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Dionysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Dionysia">Great Dionysia</a>), and of the mysteries (e.g. the great procession from Athens to Eleusis, in connection with the <a href="/wiki/Eleusinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusinia">Eleusinia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most prominent of the Roman processions was that of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">Triumph</a>, which had its origin in the return of a victorious army headed by their general, who accompanied by the army, captives, spoils, the chief magistrate, priests bearing the images of the gods, amidst strewing of flowers, burning of incense and the like (<a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i>Trist.</i> iv. 2, 3 and 6), proceeded in great pomp from the Campus to the Capitol to offer sacrifice. </p><p>Connected with the triumph was the <i><a href="/wiki/Pompa_circensis" title="Pompa circensis">pompa circensis</a></i>, or solemn procession that preceded the games in the circus. It first came into use at the <i><a href="/wiki/Ludi_Romani" title="Ludi Romani">Ludi Romani</a></i>, when the games were preceded by a great procession from the Capitol to the Circus. The <a href="/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor">praetor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Consul" title="Consul">consul</a> who appeared in the ponipa circensis wore the robes of a triumphing general (see Mommsen, Staatsrec/zt I. 397 for the connection of the triumph with the <i><a href="/wiki/Ludi" title="Ludi">ludi</a></i>). Thus, when it became customary for the consul to celebrate games at the opening of the consular year, he came, under the empire, to appear in triumphal robes in the processus consularis, or procession of the consul to the Capitol to sacrifice to Jupiter.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_practice">Christian practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Christian practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stuttgart_2009_040_(RaBoe).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stuttgart_2009_040_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/220px-Stuttgart_2009_040_%28RaBoe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stuttgart_2009_040_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/330px-Stuttgart_2009_040_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stuttgart_2009_040_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/440px-Stuttgart_2009_040_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Christian Easter <a href="/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion (Christianity)">passion</a> procession in Stuttgart, Germany (detail)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carreter%C3%ADa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Carreter%C3%ADa.jpg/220px-Carreter%C3%ADa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Carreter%C3%ADa.jpg/330px-Carreter%C3%ADa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Carreter%C3%ADa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Christian Easter procession in Malaga, Spain</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early">Early</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the ascendency of Christianity in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, the consular processions in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> retained their religious character, now proceeding to <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a>, where prayers and offerings were made; but in Rome, where Christianity was not so widely spread among the upper classes, at first the tendency was to convert the procession into a purely civil function, omitting the pagan rites and prayers, without substituting Christian ones.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only after Theodosius did the processions become a religious event, replete with icons, crosses, and banners. There were other local processions connected with the primitive worship of the country people, which remained unchanged, but they were eventually overshadowed by the popular piety of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Church">Church</a>. Such were those of the <a href="/wiki/Ambarvalia" title="Ambarvalia">Ambarvalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robigalia" title="Robigalia">Robigalia</a>, which were essentially rustic festivals, <a href="/wiki/Lustration" title="Lustration">lustrations</a> of the fields, consisting in a procession round the spot to be purified, leading the sacrificial victims with prayers, hymns, and ceremonies to protect the young crops from evil influence.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a> (2nd century) uses <i>processio</i> and <i>procedere</i> in the sense of to go out, appear in public, and, as applied to a church function, <i>processio</i> was first used in the same way as <i>collecta</i>, i.e. for the assembly of the people in a church.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this sense it appears to be used by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Pope Leo I</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in the version by <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Exiguus" title="Dionysius Exiguus">Dionysius Exiguus</a> of the 17th canon of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Laodicea" title="Council of Laodicea">Council of Laodicea</a> (about 363–364) <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">σονάξεσι</span>, is translated by <i>processionibus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the processions that formed part of the ritual of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Mass">Eucharist</a>, those of the introit, the gospel and the oblation, the earliest records date from the 6th century and even later,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but they evidently were established at a much earlier date. As to public processions, these seem to have come into rapid vogue after the recognition of Christianity as the religion of the empire. Those at <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> would seem to have been long established when described by the author of the <i><a href="/wiki/Egeria_(pilgrim)" title="Egeria (pilgrim)">Peregrinatio Sylviae</a></i> towards the end of the 4th century.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Very early were the processions accompanied by hymns and prayers, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Litaniae" class="mw-redirect" title="Litaniae">litaniae</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rogationes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rogationes (page does not exist)">rogationes</a></i> or <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supplicationes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supplicationes (page does not exist)">supplicationes</a></i>. It is to such a procession that reference appears to be made in a letter of <a href="/wiki/St_Basil" class="mw-redirect" title="St Basil">St Basil</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would thus be the first recorded mention of a public Christian procession. The first mention for the Western Church occurs in <a href="/wiki/St_Ambrose" class="mw-redirect" title="St Ambrose">St Ambrose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In both these cases the litanies are stated to have been long in use. There is also mention of a procession accompanied by hymns, organized at Constantinople by <a href="/wiki/St_John_Chrysostom" class="mw-redirect" title="St John Chrysostom">St John Chrysostom</a> (c. 390–400) in opposition to a procession of <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arians</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sozomen" title="Sozomen">Sozomen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some liturgists maintain that the <a href="/wiki/Early_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Church">early Church</a> in its processions followed <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> precedents, quoting such cases as the procession of the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> round the walls of Jericho,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the procession of David with the Ark,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the processions of thanksgiving on the return from captivity, &c. The liturgy of the early Church as Duchesne shows<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was influenced by that of the Jewish synagogue, but the theory that the Church's processions were directly related to the Old Testament ritual is of later origin.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In times of calamity litanies were held, in which the people walked in robes of penitence, fasting, barefooted, and, in later times, frequently dressed in black <i>(litaniae nigrae)</i>. The cross was carried at the head of the procession and often the gospel and the relics of the saint were carried. <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a> gives numerous instances of such litanies in time of calamity; thus he describes<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a procession of the clergy and people round the city, in which relics of <a href="/wiki/St_Remigius" class="mw-redirect" title="St Remigius">St Remigius</a> were carried and litanies chanted in order to avert the plague. So, too, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory the Great">Gregory the Great</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writes to the Sicilian bishops to hold processions to prevent a threatened invasion of Sicily. A famous instance of these penitential litanies is the <i>litania septiformis</i> ordered by Gregory the Great in the year 590, when Rome had been inundated and pestilence had followed.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this litany seven processions, of clergy, laymen, monks, nuns, matrons, the poor, and children respectively, starting from seven different churches, proceeded to hear mass at <a href="/wiki/St._Maria_Maggiore" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Maria Maggiore">St. Maria Maggiore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This litany has often been confused with the <i>litania major</i>, introduced at Rome in 598 (vide supra), but is quite distinct from it. </p><p>Funeral processions, accompanied with singing and the carrying of lighted tapers, were very early customary (see <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_use_of_lights" title="Ceremonial use of lights">ceremonial use of lights</a>), and akin to these, also very early, were the processions connected with the translation of the <a href="/wiki/Relics" class="mw-redirect" title="Relics">relics</a> of martyrs from their original burying place to the church where they were to be enshrined.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the time of the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Constantine I">emperor Constantine I</a> these processions were of great magnificence.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Festivals involving processions were adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> from the pre-Christian Roman festive calendar. The <i>litaniae majores et minores</i>, which are stated by <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Usener" title="Hermann Usener">Hermann Usener</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to have been first instituted by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Liberius" title="Pope Liberius">Pope Liberius</a> (352-366). It is generally acknowledged that they are the equivalent of the Catholic Church of the Roman lustrations of the crops in spring, the <a href="/wiki/Ambarvalia" title="Ambarvalia">Ambarvalia</a>, &c. The <i>litania major</i>, or great procession on St Mark's day (April 25) is shown to coincide both in date and ritual with the Roman <a href="/wiki/Robigalia" title="Robigalia">Robigalia</a>, which took place ad. vii. Kal. Mai., and consisted in a procession leaving Rome by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flaminian_gate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flaminian gate (page does not exist)">Flaminian gate</a>, and proceeding by way of the <a href="/wiki/Milvian_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Milvian bridge">Milvian bridge</a> to a sanctuary at the 5th milestone of the <a href="/wiki/Via_Claudia" class="mw-redirect" title="Via Claudia">Via Claudia</a>, where the flamen quirinalis sacrificed a dog and a sheep to avert blight (robigo) from the crops.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The litania major followed the same route as far as the Milvian bridge, when it turned off and returned to St Peter's, where mass was celebrated. This was already established as an annual festival by 598, as is shown by a document of <a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory the Great">Gregory the Great</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that inculcates the duty of celebrating litaniam, quae major ab omnibus appellatur. The <i>litaniae minores</i> or <a href="/wiki/Rogation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogation">rogations</a>, held on the three days preceding <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension Day">Ascension Day</a>, were first introduced into Gaul by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Mamertus_of_Vienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamertus of Vienne">Mamertus of Vienne</a> (c. 470), and made binding for all Gaul by the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="First Council of Orléans">First Council of Orléans</a> (511). The litaniae minores were also adopted for these three days in Rome by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Pope Leo III</a> (c. 800).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A description of the institution and character of the Ascensiontide rogations is given by <a href="/wiki/Sidonius_Apollinaris" title="Sidonius Apollinaris">Sidonius Apollinaris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The solemnity of these, he says, was first established by Mamertus. Hitherto they had been erratic, lukewarm, and poorly attended <i>(vagae, tepentes, infrequentesque)</i>. Those he instituted were characterized by fasting, prayers, psalms, and tears. In the Ambrosian rite the rogations take place after <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension of Jesus Christ">Ascension</a>, and in the Spanish on the Thursday to Saturday after <a href="/wiki/Whitsuntide" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitsuntide">Whitsuntide</a>, and in November (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Synod_of_Girona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synod of Girona (page does not exist)">Synod of Girona</a>, 517).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baroque_Catholicism">Baroque Catholicism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Baroque Catholicism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The element of ritual was prominent in early modern <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, even after <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a>'s critique of the "empty rituals" in late <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> Christianity. There were processions to commemorate almost all the holiday. Though 18th-century Church reformers made strides to simplify the liturgical year and its complex web of holidays, festivals and processions, these practices remained as essential to Catholic ritual traditions in 1750 as they had been in the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1650 the number of processions was on the rise as processions became as essential to the observance of feast days as <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Mass">Catholic Mass</a>. Some processions were tied to agricultural lifestyles, while others were <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrimages">pilgrimages</a> to shrines and holy places, or to develop ties with other parishes.<sup id="cite_ref-Forster116_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forster116-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">liturgical year</a> was central to the liturgical practices of Catholicism. Beginning with the Christmas season (from <a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a> to <a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a>) and followed by the feasts of <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Feast of Corpus Christi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 18th century there were eleven processions of note at the village of Ettenkirch (near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a>). These processions could travel to destinations as far as two hours away. Monthly processions took place around the Church, and on <a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a> and Palm Sunday.<sup id="cite_ref-Forster116_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forster116-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Corpus Christi was one of the most elaborate. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension Day">Ascension Day</a> was another important ceremony that held strong <a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Protestant">anti-Protestant</a> meaning. In <a href="/wiki/Herbolzheim" title="Herbolzheim">Herbolzheim</a> the procession involved villagers "flying flags, crosses held high, singing and loudly recited prayers" as they passed near neighboring Protestant villages. When the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Strasbourg">Bishop of Strasbourg</a> forbade the Ascension Day procession in 1743, believing the practice would create conflict with <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> in neighboring towns, the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Valley" title="Rhine Valley">Rhine Valley</a> villagers protested.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridentine reform">Tridentine reform</a> was to ensure that the variety of devotions that sprang up in ecclesiastically fragmented parts of Europe were connected with the rituals of the Catholic Church. Not all devotional practices were tolerated. The <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Reforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Josephine Reforms">Josephine Reforms</a> banned <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> processions with costumed figures and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmesel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmesel (page does not exist)">palmesel</a></i> processions for <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>, but some still went on. On Palm Sunday villagers carried green branches re-enacting Christ's entry into Jerusalem, and <i>Palmesel</i> processions still took place with a representation of Christ on a donkey.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> of Niederwihl claimed possession of a piece of the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a> and by the 18th century had introduced new processions for the Discovery of the True Cross (May 3) and the Elevation of the True Cross (September 14). The <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relic</a> would be carried by the townspeople for processions through their agricultural fields integrating a <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> devotional theme with the ancient fertility rites of the townsfolk's rural religion.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_China">Imperial China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Imperial China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dream_of_the_Red_Chamber" title="Dream of the Red Chamber">The Story of the Stone</a>, written in the 18th century, contains a description of the procession accompanying an Imperial Concubine: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <p>Presently a faint sound of music was heard and the Imperial Concubine's procession at last came in sight. First came several pairs of <a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">eunuchs</a> carrying embroidered banners. Then several more pairs with <a href="/wiki/Ceremony" title="Ceremony">ceremonial</a> pheasant-feather fans. Then eunuchs swinging gold-inlaid censers in which special 'palace <a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a>' was burning. Next came a great gold-coloured 'seven phoenix' <a href="/wiki/Umbrella" title="Umbrella">umbrella</a> of state, hanging from its curve-topped shaft life a great drooping bell-flower. In its shadow was borne the Imperial Concubine's travelling wardrobe: her head-dress, robe, sash and shoes. Eunuch gentlemen-in-waiting followed carrying her rosary, her embroidered handkerchief, her spittoon, her fly-whisk, and various other items. Last of all, when this army of attendants had gone by, a great gold-topped <a href="/wiki/Litter_(vehicle)" title="Litter (vehicle)">palanquin</a> with phoenixes embroidered on its yellow curtains slowly advanced on the shoulders of eight eunuch bearers.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procession_elements">Procession elements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Procession elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T%C3%9CRKA_XIX_%C3%BCldlaulupeo_rongk%C3%A4igus_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/T%C3%9CRKA_XIX_%C3%BCldlaulupeo_rongk%C3%A4igus_01.JPG/220px-T%C3%9CRKA_XIX_%C3%BCldlaulupeo_rongk%C3%A4igus_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/T%C3%9CRKA_XIX_%C3%BCldlaulupeo_rongk%C3%A4igus_01.JPG/330px-T%C3%9CRKA_XIX_%C3%BCldlaulupeo_rongk%C3%A4igus_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/T%C3%9CRKA_XIX_%C3%BCldlaulupeo_rongk%C3%A4igus_01.JPG/440px-T%C3%9CRKA_XIX_%C3%BCldlaulupeo_rongk%C3%A4igus_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5461" data-file-height="3631" /></a><figcaption>Preparations for <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Song_Festival" title="Estonian Song Festival">Estonian Song Festival</a> procession by <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu_Folk_Art_Ensemble" title="University of Tartu Folk Art Ensemble">University of Tartu Folk Art Ensemble</a>. Over 42 000 persons participated in that procession in 2014.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_at_Immortal_regiment_(Moscow,_2016-05-09).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Vladimir_Putin_at_Immortal_regiment_%28Moscow%2C_2016-05-09%29.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_at_Immortal_regiment_%28Moscow%2C_2016-05-09%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Vladimir_Putin_at_Immortal_regiment_%28Moscow%2C_2016-05-09%29.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_at_Immortal_regiment_%28Moscow%2C_2016-05-09%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Vladimir_Putin_at_Immortal_regiment_%28Moscow%2C_2016-05-09%29.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_at_Immortal_regiment_%28Moscow%2C_2016-05-09%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Immortal_Regiment" title="Immortal Regiment">Immortal Regiment</a> procession in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many elements may be used to make a procession more significant than just "people walking in the same direction": </p> <ul><li>A special <b>mode of transport</b>, such as a ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barge</a>, elephant <a href="/wiki/Howdah" title="Howdah">howdah</a>, horse-drawn <a href="/wiki/Carriage" title="Carriage">carriage</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Litter_(vehicle)" title="Litter (vehicle)">palanquin</a> carried on the shoulders of others. <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a>'s arrival to seduce <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a> on a perfumed barge has taken on legendary proportion. African kings sometimes ride in palanquins carved to look like luxury cars or other <a href="/wiki/Status_symbol" title="Status symbol">status symbols</a>, while Muslim brides travel in camel howdahs as shown in <i>Bride Arriving in a Village, Biskra, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></i> by Philippe Pavy. The <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> has traditionally been carried in a special <a href="/wiki/Sedan_chair" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedan chair">sedan chair</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Sedia_gestatoria" title="Sedia gestatoria">sedia gestatoria</a>. In humbler terms, a <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_marshal" title="Grand marshal">grand marshal</a>, or fair "queen" of a local parade will often ride in the town's fanciest <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a>.</li> <li><b>Music</b>, including everything from the <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choir</a> of a church procession to the <a href="/wiki/Marching_band" title="Marching band">marching band</a> of a military procession. Criers may march before the procession, yelling to clear the way for it. Some high school <a href="/wiki/Homecoming" title="Homecoming">homecoming</a> parades include trucks filled with people who do nothing but make as much noise as possible.</li> <li><b>Order of precedence</b>: even without showy display, a group of people walking forward may be said to form a procession if their order and placement clearly visualize a hierarchy or symbiotic relationship. For instance, one's nearness to the king or others of high rank had important political connotations when the royal family walked to or from chapel services at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">palace of Versailles</a>. Similarly, precedence came into play when the grandest <a href="/wiki/Edwardian" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwardian">Edwardian</a> parties progressed from the sitting room to the dining room, and the stylized movement and hierarchy of marching military units clearly sets up a formal procession.</li> <li><b>Bearers</b> of <a href="/wiki/Banner" title="Banner">banners</a>, fans, <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a>, treasure, or other eye-catching items, or leading exotic animals. This was a very important part of <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">Roman triumphs</a>, as booty gave the Roman populace visual proof of the warrior's success. The most elaborate evolution of this is the spectacular <a href="/wiki/Float_(parade)" title="Float (parade)">floats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> <a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">parades</a>. A simpler example is the <a href="/wiki/Ring_bearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring bearer">ring bearer</a> at a wedding.</li> <li><b>Scent</b>, provided by flower bearers or censers of <a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a>.</li> <li><b>Skilled performers</b>, such as acrobats or dancers</li> <li>Special <b>costume</b>: traditionally, the costumes of <a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">acolytes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Footmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Footmen">footmen</a>, ceremonial guards, or slaves help show off the wealth of the person staging a procession. An ornate example was the embroidered <a href="/wiki/Train_(clothing)" title="Train (clothing)">train</a> of <a href="/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George IV of the United Kingdom">George IV of the United Kingdom</a>, carried at his coronation by nine lords in waiting with their own matching silken clothes, capes, ruffs, and plumed hats. Other examples include the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a> and high vestments of the Pope. The formal, matching clothes of bridesmaids and groomsmen are in the same tradition, although sometimes purchased at the attendant's expense rather than by the people honored in the ceremony. In egalitarian times and places, whoever has taken the time and money to put together something impressive may appear in a parade; such costumes are of course the focal point of <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> parades such as that staged in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>, New York. Finally, processions may be staged simply to show off the costumes as one part of a larger event, such as at fashion pageants, military reenactments, pop concerts, or Renaissance Festivals.</li> <li>Special <b>lighting</b>: <a href="/wiki/Candlelight_vigil" title="Candlelight vigil">candlelight vigils</a> for the deceased or to show political solidarity often include a candlelit procession. <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">Fireworks</a> illuminate such diverse events as coronations, parades, and Thai royal barge processions.</li> <li><b>Spectacle</b>, such as an aircraft <a href="/wiki/Flypast" title="Flypast">flyover</a>, or the confetti of New York <a href="/wiki/Ticker_tape_parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticker tape parade">ticker tape parades</a></li> <li><b>The dispensing of gifts</b>, at one time often food or money. Today, most people are familiar with the dispensing of beads at <a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a> and the throwing of candy at local fair parades.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions_of_processions">Functions of processions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Functions of processions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advertisement">Advertisement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Advertisement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:060611_Mons_(20).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/060611_Mons_%2820%29.JPG/170px-060611_Mons_%2820%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/060611_Mons_%2820%29.JPG/255px-060611_Mons_%2820%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/060611_Mons_%2820%29.JPG/340px-060611_Mons_%2820%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>The Petit Doudou actors in the procession of the Golden Car in <a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo-period</a> documenters enjoyed drawing the processions of <a href="/wiki/Red_light_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Red light districts">pleasure district</a> beauties, such as <i>Courtesan Parading With Attendants</i> by <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Harunobu" title="Suzuki Harunobu">Suzuki Harunobu</a>. Similar parading courtesans feature in <i>Cherry Blossom in the Evening on the Nakanomachi in Yoshiwara</i> by <a href="/wiki/Utagawa_Hiroshige" class="mw-redirect" title="Utagawa Hiroshige">Utagawa Hiroshige</a> and <i>True Scenery of the Gay Quarter of Minatozakimachi Shinminato</i> by <a href="/wiki/Utagawa_Sadahide" class="mw-redirect" title="Utagawa Sadahide">Utagawa Sadahide</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor%27s_Show" title="Lord Mayor's Show">Lord Mayor's Show</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> has long featured displays by the city's official trade guilds. Parades were at one time important advertisement when a traveling <a href="/wiki/Circus" title="Circus">circus</a> arrived in a new town. Today, many parades in the United States are sponsored by department stores, such as <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s" title="Macy's">Macy's</a>, which expect the public spectacle to lure shoppers to the store. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Change_in_government">Change in government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Change in government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The <i>Reception of the Ambassadors From Siam at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Fontainebleau" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de Fontainebleau">Château de Fontainebleau</a></i> was one such example, documented by <a href="/wiki/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme">Jean-Léon Gérôme</a> in 1864. The signing of surrender by Japanese diplomats and soldiers aboard an American <a href="/wiki/Battle_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle ship">battle ship</a> at the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> involved a strictly codified procession on and off the ship.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:14th_Century_Medieval_Chariot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/14th_Century_Medieval_Chariot.jpg/110px-14th_Century_Medieval_Chariot.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/14th_Century_Medieval_Chariot.jpg/165px-14th_Century_Medieval_Chariot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/14th_Century_Medieval_Chariot.jpg/220px-14th_Century_Medieval_Chariot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>Royal procession, design from the 14th century.</figcaption></figure><p> Processions play an important role in coronations, such as that of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom</a> in 1953, the <a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> in 1967, <a href="/wiki/Otumfuo_Nana_Osei_Tutu_II" title="Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II">Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ashanti_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti people">Ashanti</a> in 1999, and <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihamoni" title="Norodom Sihamoni">Norodom Sihamoni</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> in 2004. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Display_of_power">Display of power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Display of power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Such as ancient Roman triumphs, the <a href="/wiki/Durbar_(court)" title="Durbar (court)">durbar</a> processions of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and modern reviewing of the troops by generals and heads of state. <i>Return From Vienna</i>, a painting by <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Brandt" class="mw-redirect" title="Jozef Brandt">Jozef Brandt</a>, shows war booty taken from the Turks being escorted into eastern <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> by soldiers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some processions are arranged for <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a>, purely for <a href="/wiki/Fun" title="Fun">fun</a>, such as those of community organizations and friendly societies, so popular in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protest">Protest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Protest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NSW_nurses_protest_march,_Sydney_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NSW_nurses_protest_march%2C_Sydney_02.jpg/250px-NSW_nurses_protest_march%2C_Sydney_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NSW_nurses_protest_march%2C_Sydney_02.jpg/375px-NSW_nurses_protest_march%2C_Sydney_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NSW_nurses_protest_march%2C_Sydney_02.jpg/500px-NSW_nurses_protest_march%2C_Sydney_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12000" data-file-height="5400" /></a><figcaption>Protest march by New South Wales nurses.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">Protest</a> marches are a form of procession.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solidarity">Solidarity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Solidarity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Religious ceremonies have since prehistory employed the procession of holy objects to inspire solidarity of belief. The <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Doges of Venice</a> once staged elaborate <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barge</a> processions to bless the waters on which Venice's tightly controlled maritime economy depended. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Academic_dress_KCL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Academic_dress_KCL.jpg/175px-Academic_dress_KCL.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Academic_dress_KCL.jpg/263px-Academic_dress_KCL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Academic_dress_KCL.jpg/350px-Academic_dress_KCL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Graduation procession of <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a>, one of the founding colleges of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>, showcasing the academic dresses created by globally-renowned<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Opinion" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view/FAQ#Assert_facts,_not_opinions" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view/FAQ"><span title="This statement may be opinion presented as fact. (March 2016)">opinion</span></a></i>]</sup> fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood" title="Vivienne Westwood">Vivienne Westwood</a> during the Summer 2008 graduation.</figcaption></figure> <p>Processions used to mark the <b>beginning or end of an event</b>, such as parades at the beginning of <a href="/wiki/County_fairs" class="mw-redirect" title="County fairs">county fairs</a> or at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>, or processions that begin and end <a href="/wiki/Funeral" title="Funeral">funerals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graduation" title="Graduation">graduations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">weddings</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_processions"><span class="anchor" id="Christian"></span>Christian processions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Christian processions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/200px--Chienbaese.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="113" data-durationhint="596" data-mwtitle="Chienbaese.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Chienbaese.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1024" data-height="576" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Chienbaese.ogv/Chienbaese.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chienb%C3%A4se" title="Chienbäse">Chienbäse</a> procession with burning wood bundles and fire carts in Liestal, Switzerland (2013)</figcaption></figure> <p>Processions are found in almost every form of religious worship, such as <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> processions. Some biblical examples were the processions with the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_Covenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ark of Covenant">Ark of Covenant</a> and the procession of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_on_a_donkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus on a donkey">Jesus on a donkey</a> into Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a narrower sense of going forth, proceeding, the term is used in the technical language of <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> in the phrase Procession of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Ghost" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Ghost">Holy Ghost</a>, expressing the relation of the Third Person in the Triune Godhead to the Father and the Son. </p><p>It is impossible to describe in detail the vast development of processions during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. The most important and characteristic of these still have a place in the ritual of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, as well as those of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox Church</a>. </p><p>The <b>Procession Path</b> (Lat. <i>ambitus templi</i>) is the route taken by processions on solemn days in large churches—up the north aisle, round behind the high altar, down the south aisle, and then up the centre of the nave.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholics">Catholics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Catholics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the Catholic Church, the rules governing them are laid down in the <a href="/wiki/Rituale_Romanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Rituale Romanum">Rituale Romanum</a> (Tit. ix.), and they are classified in the following way: </p> <ol><li><i>Processiones generales</i>, in which the whole body of the clergy takes part.</li> <li><i>Processiones ordinariae</i>, on yearly festivals, such as the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Presentation_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Presentation of the Lord">Feast of the Presentation of the Lord</a> (Candlemas), the procession on <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> or <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> (<a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a>), the <i><a href="/wiki/Litaniae" class="mw-redirect" title="Litaniae">Litaniae</a> Majores</i> and <i>Minores</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_(feast)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpus Christi (feast)">Feast of Corpus Christi</a>, in possible addition to <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Feast of the Ascension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Feast of the Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forty_Hours%27_Devotion" title="Forty Hours' Devotion">Forty Hours' Devotion</a> and on other days, according to the custom of the churches.</li> <li>Processiones extraordinariae, or processions ordered on special occasions, e.g. to pray for rain or fine weather; in time of storm, famine, plague, war, or, in <i>quacumque tribulatione</i>; processions of thanksgiving; <a href="/wiki/Translation_(relic)" title="Translation (relic)">translation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Relics" class="mw-redirect" title="Relics">relics</a>; or the <a href="/wiki/Dedication_(ritual)" title="Dedication (ritual)">dedication</a> of a church or a cemetery.</li></ol> <p>There are also processions of honor, for instance to meet a royal personage, or the <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> on his first entry into his <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a> (Pontif. Tom. iii.). </p><p>Those taking part in processions are to walk bare-headed (weather permitting), two and two, in decent costume, and with reverent mien; <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">clergy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">laity</a>, men and women, are to walk separately. The cross is carried at the head of the procession, and <a href="/wiki/Banner" title="Banner">banners</a> embroidered with sacred pictures in places where this is customary; these banners must not be of <a href="/wiki/War_flag" title="War flag">military</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pennon" title="Pennon">triangular shape</a>. <a href="/wiki/Violet_(color)" title="Violet (color)">Violet</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">prescribed colour</a> for processions, except on Corpus Christi, or on a day when some other colour is mandated. The officiating priest wears a <a href="/wiki/Cope" title="Cope">cope</a>, or at least a <a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">surplice</a> with a violet stole, while other priests and clergy wear surplices. </p><p>A Eucharistic procession is one in which the <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread#Catholic_Church" title="Sacramental bread">Host</a> is carried in procession in a <a href="/wiki/Monstrance" title="Monstrance">monstrance</a>. It is often covered with a <a href="/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin">canopy</a> and accompanied with candles. At the <i>litaniae majores</i> and <i>minores</i> and other penitential processions, joyful hymns are not allowed, but the litanies are sung, and, if the length of the procession requires, the penitential and <a href="/wiki/Gradual_psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="Gradual psalms">gradual psalms</a>. As to the discipline regarding processions the bishop, according to the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> (Sess. 25 de reg. cap. 6), appoints and regulates processions and public prayers outside the churches. </p><p>The observance or variation of the discipline belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Congregation_of_Rites" title="Sacred Congregation of Rites">Sacred Congregation of Rites</a>; in pontifical processions, which are regulated by the masters of the ceremonies <i>(magistri ceremoniarum pontificalium)</i>, these points are decided by the chief cardinal deacon. As to processions within the churches, some difference of opinion having arisen as to the regulating authority, the Sacred Congregation of Rites has decided that the bishop must ask, though not necessarily follow, the advice of the chapter in their regulation.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gallery_of_Catholic_processions">Gallery of Catholic processions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gallery of Catholic processions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corpus_Christi_Procession_St_Catherine_of_Siena_Trumbull_CT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Eucharistic Procession at St. Catherine of Siena Church, Trumbull CT on the Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ, Corpus Christi."><img alt="The Eucharistic Procession at St. Catherine of Siena Church, Trumbull CT on the Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ, Corpus Christi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corpus_Christi_Procession_St_Catherine_of_Siena_Trumbull_CT.jpg/357px-Corpus_Christi_Procession_St_Catherine_of_Siena_Trumbull_CT.jpg" decoding="async" width="357" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corpus_Christi_Procession_St_Catherine_of_Siena_Trumbull_CT.jpg/535px-Corpus_Christi_Procession_St_Catherine_of_Siena_Trumbull_CT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corpus_Christi_Procession_St_Catherine_of_Siena_Trumbull_CT.jpg/713px-Corpus_Christi_Procession_St_Catherine_of_Siena_Trumbull_CT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Eucharistic Procession at <a href="/wiki/St._Catherine_of_Siena_Church_(Trumbull,_Connecticut)" title="St. Catherine of Siena Church (Trumbull, Connecticut)">St. Catherine of Siena Church, Trumbull CT</a> on the Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ, Corpus Christi.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanch_perpignan_2007_(18).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Sanch Procession" celebrating the passion of the Christ (since 1461), once forbidden, is still celebrated in the French southern cities and towns of Perpignan, Arles-sur-Tech and Collioure"><img alt=""Sanch Procession" celebrating the passion of the Christ (since 1461), once forbidden, is still celebrated in the French southern cities and towns of Perpignan, Arles-sur-Tech and Collioure" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sanch_perpignan_2007_%2818%29.jpg/267px-Sanch_perpignan_2007_%2818%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sanch_perpignan_2007_%2818%29.jpg/400px-Sanch_perpignan_2007_%2818%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sanch_perpignan_2007_%2818%29.jpg/533px-Sanch_perpignan_2007_%2818%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"<a href="/wiki/Sanch_Procession" title="Sanch Procession">Sanch Procession</a>" celebrating the <a href="/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion (Christianity)">passion of the Christ</a> (since 1461), once forbidden, is still celebrated in the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> southern cities and towns of <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arles-sur-Tech" title="Arles-sur-Tech">Arles-sur-Tech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collioure" title="Collioure">Collioure</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Procesi%C3%B3n_del_Milagro_en_la_provincia_de_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Procession in Salta City, Argentina"><img alt="Procession in Salta City, Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Procesi%C3%B3n_del_Milagro_en_la_provincia_de_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg/301px-Procesi%C3%B3n_del_Milagro_en_la_provincia_de_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg" decoding="async" width="301" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Procesi%C3%B3n_del_Milagro_en_la_provincia_de_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg/452px-Procesi%C3%B3n_del_Milagro_en_la_provincia_de_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Procesi%C3%B3n_del_Milagro_en_la_provincia_de_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg/603px-Procesi%C3%B3n_del_Milagro_en_la_provincia_de_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Procession in <a href="/wiki/Salta_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Salta City">Salta City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Assomption_procession1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Procession on the feast of the Assumption, 15 August, in Paris"><img alt="Procession on the feast of the Assumption, 15 August, in Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Assomption_procession1.JPG/300px-Assomption_procession1.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Assomption_procession1.JPG/450px-Assomption_procession1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Assomption_procession1.JPG/600px-Assomption_procession1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Procession on the feast of the Assumption, 15 August, in Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberki_Boze_Cialo1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Corpus Christi procession in Poznań, Poland, 2004: little girls carrying an Infant Jesus of Prague statue, followed by altar servers clothed in surplice and cassock"><img alt="Corpus Christi procession in Poznań, Poland, 2004: little girls carrying an Infant Jesus of Prague statue, followed by altar servers clothed in surplice and cassock" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bamberki_Boze_Cialo1.jpg/229px-Bamberki_Boze_Cialo1.jpg" decoding="async" width="229" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bamberki_Boze_Cialo1.jpg/344px-Bamberki_Boze_Cialo1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bamberki_Boze_Cialo1.jpg/459px-Bamberki_Boze_Cialo1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_procession" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpus Christi procession">Corpus Christi procession</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, 2004: little girls carrying an <a href="/wiki/Infant_Jesus_of_Prague" title="Infant Jesus of Prague">Infant Jesus of Prague</a> statue, followed by <a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">altar servers</a> clothed in <a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">surplice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S_A_Hart_Monument_Richard_Stapleton_Exeter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Painting of the Monument of Richard Stapleton in Exeter Cathedral (painting by S. A. Hart), showing a liturgical procession"><img alt="Painting of the Monument of Richard Stapleton in Exeter Cathedral (painting by S. A. Hart), showing a liturgical procession" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/S_A_Hart_Monument_Richard_Stapleton_Exeter.jpg/293px-S_A_Hart_Monument_Richard_Stapleton_Exeter.jpg" decoding="async" width="293" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/S_A_Hart_Monument_Richard_Stapleton_Exeter.jpg/439px-S_A_Hart_Monument_Richard_Stapleton_Exeter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/S_A_Hart_Monument_Richard_Stapleton_Exeter.jpg/586px-S_A_Hart_Monument_Richard_Stapleton_Exeter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Painting of the Monument of Richard Stapleton in <a href="/wiki/Exeter_Cathedral" title="Exeter Cathedral">Exeter Cathedral</a> (painting by S. A. Hart), showing a liturgical procession</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SkPasijon7.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Škofja Loka Passion Play is a revived Baroque Passion procession from Škofja Loka, Slovenia. It is shaped as a play and represents stories from the life of Jesus"><img alt="Škofja Loka Passion Play is a revived Baroque Passion procession from Škofja Loka, Slovenia. It is shaped as a play and represents stories from the life of Jesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/SkPasijon7.JPG/302px-SkPasijon7.JPG" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/SkPasijon7.JPG/453px-SkPasijon7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/SkPasijon7.JPG/604px-SkPasijon7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="1311" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kofja_Loka_Passion_Play" title="Škofja Loka Passion Play">Škofja Loka Passion Play</a> is a revived <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <a href="/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion (Christianity)">Passion</a> procession from <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kofja_Loka" title="Škofja Loka">Škofja Loka</a>, Slovenia. It is shaped as a <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">play</a> and represents stories from the life of Jesus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santo_cristo_v_porto_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Miracles procession in Ponta Delgada (Azores)"><img alt="Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Miracles procession in Ponta Delgada (Azores)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Santo_cristo_v_porto_2008.JPG/154px-Santo_cristo_v_porto_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Santo_cristo_v_porto_2008.JPG/231px-Santo_cristo_v_porto_2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Santo_cristo_v_porto_2008.JPG/308px-Santo_cristo_v_porto_2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2231" data-file-height="2901" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Miracles procession in <a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada_(Azores)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponta Delgada (Azores)">Ponta Delgada (Azores)</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Grand_Marian_Procession,_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Marian Procession in Los Angeles, California, an annual tradition revived in September 2011 by the Queen of Angels Foundation, founded by Mark Anchor Albert"><img alt="Grand Marian Procession in Los Angeles, California, an annual tradition revived in September 2011 by the Queen of Angels Foundation, founded by Mark Anchor Albert" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/2012_Grand_Marian_Procession%2C_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg/302px-2012_Grand_Marian_Procession%2C_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/2012_Grand_Marian_Procession%2C_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg/453px-2012_Grand_Marian_Procession%2C_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/2012_Grand_Marian_Procession%2C_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg/604px-2012_Grand_Marian_Procession%2C_Downtown_Los_Angeles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="636" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grand Marian Procession in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a>, an annual tradition revived in September 2011 by the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Angels_Foundation" title="Queen of Angels Foundation">Queen of Angels Foundation</a>, founded by Mark Anchor Albert</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Annual procession of the Holy Blood in Bruges, Belgium"><img alt="Annual procession of the Holy Blood in Bruges, Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG/127px-SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG" decoding="async" width="127" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG/190px-SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG/254px-SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1145" data-file-height="1803" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Annual <a href="/wiki/Procession_of_the_Holy_Blood" title="Procession of the Holy Blood">procession of the Holy Blood</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:001_Rosary_procession_Malaga,_Spain_-_Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Rosario.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rosary procession in October in Málaga, Spain"><img alt="Rosary procession in October in Málaga, Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/001_Rosary_procession_Malaga%2C_Spain_-_Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Rosario.jpg/300px-001_Rosary_procession_Malaga%2C_Spain_-_Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Rosario.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/001_Rosary_procession_Malaga%2C_Spain_-_Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Rosario.jpg/450px-001_Rosary_procession_Malaga%2C_Spain_-_Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Rosario.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/001_Rosary_procession_Malaga%2C_Spain_-_Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Rosario.jpg/600px-001_Rosary_procession_Malaga%2C_Spain_-_Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Rosario.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a> procession in October in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SevillaNazarenoHLaCarreteria04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Holy Week in Seville, Spain, Royal archbrotherhood of "La Carretería""><img alt="Holy Week in Seville, Spain, Royal archbrotherhood of "La Carretería"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SevillaNazarenoHLaCarreteria04.jpg/150px-SevillaNazarenoHLaCarreteria04.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SevillaNazarenoHLaCarreteria04.jpg/225px-SevillaNazarenoHLaCarreteria04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SevillaNazarenoHLaCarreteria04.jpg/300px-SevillaNazarenoHLaCarreteria04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Seville" title="Holy Week in Seville">Holy Week in Seville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, Royal archbrotherhood of "La Carretería"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prociss%C3%A3o_do_Enterro_do_Senhor,_Mafra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Procession of the Burial of the Lord in Mafra, Portugal"><img alt="Procession of the Burial of the Lord in Mafra, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Prociss%C3%A3o_do_Enterro_do_Senhor%2C_Mafra.jpg/133px-Prociss%C3%A3o_do_Enterro_do_Senhor%2C_Mafra.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Prociss%C3%A3o_do_Enterro_do_Senhor%2C_Mafra.jpg/200px-Prociss%C3%A3o_do_Enterro_do_Senhor%2C_Mafra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Prociss%C3%A3o_do_Enterro_do_Senhor%2C_Mafra.jpg/266px-Prociss%C3%A3o_do_Enterro_do_Senhor%2C_Mafra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Procession of the <a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial of the Lord</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mafra,_Portugal" title="Mafra, Portugal">Mafra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Eastern Orthodox"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Outdoors">Outdoors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Outdoors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typically the procession commences with the phanarion (a lantern) followed by the cross,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> flanked by processional <a href="/wiki/Khorugv" title="Khorugv">banners</a> and <a href="/wiki/Icons" class="mw-redirect" title="Icons">icons</a>, then choir and clergy, the deacons with <a href="/wiki/Thurible#Eastern_Orthodox_and_Eastern_Catholic_Usage" title="Thurible">censers</a>, the priests with <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a>, and then the faithful. Hymns particular to the event are sung. Typically the outside of the church is circled thrice; however, some processions proceed to a designated place where a ceremony, <i>e.g.</i>, a baptism or burial, is performed. </p> <ul><li>Well-known processions prescribed annually include: <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Pascha</a> (Easter)</b> — During the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Paschal Vigil</a> at midnight on Easter Sunday.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Week"><b>Bright Week</b></a> Each day following at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Artos" title="Artos">Artos</a> is carried and the paschal <a href="/wiki/Canon_(hymnography)" title="Canon (hymnography)">canon</a> is sung.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday"><b>Great Saturday</b></a> With the <a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_(liturgical)" title="Epitaphios (liturgical)">epitaphios</a> carried around the church thrice, as at a priest's funeral, the choir singing the <a href="/wiki/Trisagion" title="Trisagion">Trisagion</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Theophany</a></b> — When the <a href="/wiki/Holy_water#Blessing_of_holy_water_at_Theophany" title="Holy water">Great Blessing of Waters</a> is at a body of water or an external <a href="/wiki/Baptistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptistry">baptistry</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paraklesis" title="Paraklesis">Paraklesis</a></b> — Often on the <a href="/wiki/Patron_Saint" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron Saint">patronal feast</a> of a church, a procession around the outside of the church in conjunction with the paraklesis (prayer of intercession) to the church's namesake</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lity_(Orthodox_Vespers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lity (Orthodox Vespers)"><b>Lity</b></a> — May be held outdoors with a procession</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Thursday#Local_customs" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Thursday"><b>Great Thursday</b> — Sundry local customs</a></li></ul></li> <li>Well-known processions for occasional events include: <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Funeral" title="Funeral">Funeral</a></b> — The coffin is carried to the grave accompanied by singing of the <a href="/wiki/Trisagion" title="Trisagion">Trisagion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrations_in_Eastern_Christianity#Consecration_of_a_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecrations in Eastern Christianity"><b>Consecration of a church</b></a> — The relics to be placed in the altar are, after an <a href="/wiki/All-night_vigil" title="All-night vigil">all-night vigil</a>, carried in solemn procession to a nearby church, placed on the altar for an early divine liturgy, and then carried in solemn procession back to the church being consecrated.<sup id="cite_ref-GBN_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBN-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indoors">Indoors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Indoors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Entrance_(liturgical)" title="Entrance (liturgical)">Entrance (liturgical)</a></div> <ul><li>The "Little Entrance" <a href="/wiki/Entrance_(liturgical)#Little_Entrance" title="Entrance (liturgical)">at the divine liturgy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Entrance_(liturgical)#Vespers" title="Entrance (liturgical)">at vespers</a></li> <li>The "Great Entrance" <a href="/wiki/Entrance_(liturgical)#Great_Entrance" title="Entrance (liturgical)">at the divine liturgy</a> and, in modified form, <a href="/wiki/Entrance_(liturgical)#Presanctified_Liturgy" title="Entrance (liturgical)">at the divine liturgy of the presanctified gifts</a></li> <li>Many occasions when a bishop presides, such as: <ul><li>The meeting of bishop, when the youngest priest, all the deacons with censers, and lower clergy meet the bishop (who is escorted from his home by two subdeacons) at the western door of the church and solemnly escorted to the <a href="/wiki/Iconostasis" title="Iconostasis">iconostasis</a> and then to his throne for vesting</li> <li>Whenever a bishop censes the entire church, he is accompanied by deacons with candles and subdeacons with the <a href="/wiki/Dikirion_and_trikirion" title="Dikirion and trikirion">dikirion and trikirion</a></li></ul></li> <li>On <a href="/wiki/Holy_Thursday#Local_customs" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Thursday">Great Thursday, sundry local customs</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gallery_of_Eastern_Orthodox_processions">Gallery of Eastern Orthodox processions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Gallery of Eastern Orthodox processions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Litany_of_the_Saint_Nicolas_Icon_in_Piraeus_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lity procession on the Feast of Saint Nicholas in Piraeus, Greece"><img alt="Lity procession on the Feast of Saint Nicholas in Piraeus, Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Litany_of_the_Saint_Nicolas_Icon_in_Piraeus_Greece.jpg/267px-Litany_of_the_Saint_Nicolas_Icon_in_Piraeus_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Litany_of_the_Saint_Nicolas_Icon_in_Piraeus_Greece.jpg/400px-Litany_of_the_Saint_Nicolas_Icon_in_Piraeus_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Litany_of_the_Saint_Nicolas_Icon_in_Piraeus_Greece.jpg/533px-Litany_of_the_Saint_Nicolas_Icon_in_Piraeus_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lity procession on the <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">Feast</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Saint Nicholas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esphigmenou.procession_for_Little_Blessing_of_Waters.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="procession to behind the katholikon for the Lesser Blessing of Waters following an all-night vigil on Mount Athos at Esphigmenou Monastery on its patron feast, the Ascension"><img alt="procession to behind the katholikon for the Lesser Blessing of Waters following an all-night vigil on Mount Athos at Esphigmenou Monastery on its patron feast, the Ascension" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Esphigmenou.procession_for_Little_Blessing_of_Waters.jpeg/267px-Esphigmenou.procession_for_Little_Blessing_of_Waters.jpeg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Esphigmenou.procession_for_Little_Blessing_of_Waters.jpeg/400px-Esphigmenou.procession_for_Little_Blessing_of_Waters.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Esphigmenou.procession_for_Little_Blessing_of_Waters.jpeg/533px-Esphigmenou.procession_for_Little_Blessing_of_Waters.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">procession to behind the <a href="/wiki/Katholikon" title="Katholikon">katholikon</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Blessing_of_Waters" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser Blessing of Waters">Lesser Blessing of Waters</a> following an <a href="/wiki/All-night_vigil" title="All-night vigil">all-night vigil</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a> at <a href="/wiki/Esphigmenou_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Esphigmenou Monastery">Esphigmenou Monastery</a> on its patron feast, the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension#Eastern_and_Oriental_Orthodox" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="pascal procession on Bright Tuesday (Easter Tuesday) at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in Sergiev Posad, Russia"><img alt="pascal procession on Bright Tuesday (Easter Tuesday) at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in Sergiev Posad, Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.jpeg/400px-BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.jpeg" decoding="async" width="400" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.jpeg/600px-BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.jpeg/800px-BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">pascal procession on <a href="/wiki/Easter_Tuesday" title="Easter Tuesday">Bright Tuesday (Easter Tuesday)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Lavra_of_St._Sergius" title="Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius">Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sergiev_Posad" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergiev Posad">Sergiev Posad</a>, Russia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.Priests.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Priests in the pascal procession on Bright Tuesday (Easter Tuesday) at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in Sergiev Posad, Russia"><img alt="Priests in the pascal procession on Bright Tuesday (Easter Tuesday) at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in Sergiev Posad, Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.Priests.jpeg/267px-BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.Priests.jpeg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.Priests.jpeg/401px-BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.Priests.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.Priests.jpeg/535px-BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.Priests.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Priests in the pascal procession on <a href="/wiki/Easter_Tuesday" title="Easter Tuesday">Bright Tuesday (Easter Tuesday)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Lavra_of_St._Sergius" title="Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius">Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sergiev_Posad" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergiev Posad">Sergiev Posad</a>, Russia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.BlessingWithHolyWater.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="A stop for reading the Gospel and blessing with holy water during the pascal procession on Bright Tuesday (Easter Tuesday) at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in Sergiev Posad, Russia"><img alt="A stop for reading the Gospel and blessing with holy water during the pascal procession on Bright Tuesday (Easter Tuesday) at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in Sergiev Posad, Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.BlessingWithHolyWater.jpeg/267px-BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.BlessingWithHolyWater.jpeg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.BlessingWithHolyWater.jpeg/400px-BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.BlessingWithHolyWater.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.BlessingWithHolyWater.jpeg/533px-BrightTuesdayProcessionAtSergievPosad.BlessingWithHolyWater.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A stop for reading the Gospel and blessing with holy water during the pascal procession on <a href="/wiki/Easter_Tuesday" title="Easter Tuesday">Bright Tuesday (Easter Tuesday)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Lavra_of_St._Sergius" title="Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius">Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sergiev_Posad" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergiev Posad">Sergiev Posad</a>, Russia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crucession_Davidovo-Gora-_Elizarovo-Lyahovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8528.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church paschal procession in Guslitsa. Moscow region. May 2, 2008."><img alt="Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church paschal procession in Guslitsa. Moscow region. May 2, 2008." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Crucession_Davidovo-Gora-_Elizarovo-Lyahovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8528.jpg/400px-Crucession_Davidovo-Gora-_Elizarovo-Lyahovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8528.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Crucession_Davidovo-Gora-_Elizarovo-Lyahovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8528.jpg/600px-Crucession_Davidovo-Gora-_Elizarovo-Lyahovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8528.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Crucession_Davidovo-Gora-_Elizarovo-Lyahovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8528.jpg/800px-Crucession_Davidovo-Gora-_Elizarovo-Lyahovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8528.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Old-Rite_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church">Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church</a> paschal procession in <a href="/wiki/Guslitsa" title="Guslitsa">Guslitsa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Moscow_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow region">Moscow region</a>. May 2, 2008.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kirkkoliput.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Finnish Orthodox procession"><img alt="Finnish Orthodox procession" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Kirkkoliput.jpg/267px-Kirkkoliput.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Kirkkoliput.jpg/400px-Kirkkoliput.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Kirkkoliput.jpg/533px-Kirkkoliput.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Finnish Orthodox procession</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crucession_Davidovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8526.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paschal procession by Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church in Guslitsa, Moscow region"><img alt="Paschal procession by Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church in Guslitsa, Moscow region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Crucession_Davidovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8526.jpg/300px-Crucession_Davidovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8526.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Crucession_Davidovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8526.jpg/450px-Crucession_Davidovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8526.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Crucession_Davidovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8526.jpg/600px-Crucession_Davidovo_Guslitci_Moscow_reg_8526.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paschal procession by <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Old-Rite_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church">Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guslitsa" title="Guslitsa">Guslitsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow region">Moscow region</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Procession in Yaroslavl by Alexey Bogolyubov, 1863"><img alt="Procession in Yaroslavl by Alexey Bogolyubov, 1863" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg/344px-Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg" decoding="async" width="344" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg/516px-Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg/688px-Bogolubov_Krestn_hod_v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2064" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Procession in <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Bogolyubov" title="Alexey Bogolyubov">Alexey Bogolyubov</a>, 1863</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk,_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Religious Procession in Kursk Province, Bright Week procession with the icon of Our Lady of Kursk (in shrine, at right), as painted by Ilya Repin, 1880-83 (State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)"><img alt="Religious Procession in Kursk Province, Bright Week procession with the icon of Our Lady of Kursk (in shrine, at right), as painted by Ilya Repin, 1880-83 (State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg/324px-Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg" decoding="async" width="324" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg/486px-Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg/648px-Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1265" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Religious_Procession_in_Kursk_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Procession in Kursk Province">Religious Procession in Kursk Province</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Bright_Week" title="Bright Week">Bright Week</a> procession with the <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Kursk" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Kursk">Our Lady of Kursk</a></i> (in shrine, at right), as painted by <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Repin" title="Ilya Repin">Ilya Repin</a>, 1880-83 (<a href="/wiki/State_Tretyakov_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="State Tretyakov Gallery">State Tretyakov Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double-faced_icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Two-sided portable icon for a procession (A. Our Lady of Smolensk. B. Ss. Nicolas, princes Boris and Gleb) (Russia, 16th century)"><img alt="Two-sided portable icon for a procession (A. Our Lady of Smolensk. B. Ss. Nicolas, princes Boris and Gleb) (Russia, 16th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Double-faced_icon.jpg/161px-Double-faced_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Double-faced_icon.jpg/241px-Double-faced_icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Double-faced_icon.jpg/322px-Double-faced_icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="1399" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Two-sided portable icon for a procession (A. Our Lady of Smolensk. B. Ss. Nicolas, princes Boris and Gleb) (Russia, 16th century)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian Orthodox Church procession in Kyiv. 2010"><img alt="Russian Orthodox Church procession in Kyiv. 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_1.JPG/229px-Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="229" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_1.JPG/343px-Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_1.JPG/458px-Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1742" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Russian Orthodox Church procession in Kyiv. 2010</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian Orthodox Church procession participant in Kyiv. 2010"><img alt="Russian Orthodox Church procession participant in Kyiv. 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_2.jpg/182px-Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_2.jpg/272px-Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_2.jpg/363px-Eastern_Orthodox_Procession_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2396" data-file-height="2639" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Russian Orthodox Church procession participant in Kyiv. 2010</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oriental_Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Oriental Orthodox"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gallery_of_Oriental_Orthodox_processions">Gallery of Oriental Orthodox processions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Gallery of Oriental Orthodox processions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StMichaelEOTC03b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ethiopian Orthodox clergy lead a procession in celebration of Saint Michael. During such processions, the clergy carry Ethiopian processional crosses and ornately covered tabots around the church building's exterior (Garland, Texas)"><img alt="Ethiopian Orthodox clergy lead a procession in celebration of Saint Michael. During such processions, the clergy carry Ethiopian processional crosses and ornately covered tabots around the church building's exterior (Garland, Texas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/StMichaelEOTC03b.jpg/86px-StMichaelEOTC03b.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/StMichaelEOTC03b.jpg/130px-StMichaelEOTC03b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/StMichaelEOTC03b.jpg/173px-StMichaelEOTC03b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="1197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Orthodox">Ethiopian Orthodox</a> clergy lead a procession in celebration of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Michael">Saint Michael</a>. During such processions, the clergy carry Ethiopian <a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">processional crosses</a> and ornately covered <a href="/wiki/Tabot" title="Tabot">tabots</a> around the church building's exterior (<a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reformed_churches">Reformed churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Reformed churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walsinghamprocession.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Walsinghamprocession.jpg/220px-Walsinghamprocession.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Walsinghamprocession.jpg/330px-Walsinghamprocession.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Walsinghamprocession.jpg/440px-Walsinghamprocession.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>Procession with the statue of the Blessed Virgin, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Pilgrimage" title="The National Pilgrimage">Anglican National Pilgrimage</a> at <a href="/wiki/Walsingham" title="Walsingham">Walsingham</a>, 2003</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a> abolished in all Protestant countries those processions associated with the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">transubstantiation</a> (Corpus Christi); the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Sacrament of the Lord's Supper</a>, according to the 28th <a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">Article of Religion</a> of the Church of England was not by Christ's ordinance reserved, carried about, lifted up, or worshiped. It also abolished those associated with the cult of the Blessed Virgin and the saints. The stern simplicity of <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a>, indeed, would not tolerate religious processions of any kind, and from the Reformed Churches they vanished altogether.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The more conservative temper of the Anglican and Lutheran communions, however, suffered the retention of such processions as did not conflict with the reformed doctrines, though even in these Churches they met with opposition and tended after a while to fall into disuse. </p><p>Liturgical processions were revived in the Church of England by the members of the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a> during the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Ritual Notes</i>, an Anglo-Catholic liturgical manual, it is stated that "A solemn procession as part of the ceremony proper to the occasion, is ordered to be held respectively at Candlemas; on Palm Sunday; at the Rogations (i.e. on April 25th and the three days preceding Ascension); and on Corpus Christi ..." "A procession is a distinct act of worship in itself, though it is desirable (and accords with ancient practice) that it should have a definite purpose, such as to commemorate some notable event, or to honour the Blessed Sacrament".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> practice has varied at different times and in different countries. Thus, according to the <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a> Kirchenordnung of 1553, a funeral procession was prescribed, the bier being followed by the congregation singing hymns; the Brandenburg Kirchenordnung (1540) directed a cross-bearer to precede the procession and lighted candles to be carried, and this was prescribed also by the Waldeck Kirchenordnung of 1556. At present funeral processions survive in general only in the country districts; the processional cross or crucifix is still carried. In some provinces also the Lutheran Church has retained the ancient rogation processions in the week before Whitsuntide and, in some cases, in the month of May or on special occasions (e.g. days of humiliation, Busstage), processions about the fields to ask a blessing on the crops. On these occasions the ancient litanies are still used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Processions_in_art">Processions in art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Processions in art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WLA_lacma_West_Bengal_Vase_with_Processional_Scenes_ca_100_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/WLA_lacma_West_Bengal_Vase_with_Processional_Scenes_ca_100_BC.jpg/150px-WLA_lacma_West_Bengal_Vase_with_Processional_Scenes_ca_100_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/WLA_lacma_West_Bengal_Vase_with_Processional_Scenes_ca_100_BC.jpg/225px-WLA_lacma_West_Bengal_Vase_with_Processional_Scenes_ca_100_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/WLA_lacma_West_Bengal_Vase_with_Processional_Scenes_ca_100_BC.jpg/300px-WLA_lacma_West_Bengal_Vase_with_Processional_Scenes_ca_100_BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Vase with Processional Scenes, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chandraketugarh" title="Chandraketugarh">Chandraketugarh</a>, circa 100 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The wealth of display associated with processions makes them a rich subject for literary and visual <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>. Some examples include: </p> <ul><li>Processions were popular subjects for the <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> painters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Fantastical <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_II_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig II of Bavaria">Ludwig II of Bavaria</a> was the subject of <i>Sleigh Ride</i> by <a href="/wiki/Wenig" title="Wenig">Wenig</a>. <i>Spring</i>, a painting by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema">Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema</a>, displays a romanticized Roman procession, while his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Finding_of_Moses_(Alma-Tadema_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Finding of Moses (Alma-Tadema painting)">Finding of Moses</a></i> shows an heiress of the Pharaoh proceeding to the palace with her <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/entourage" class="extiw" title="wikt:entourage">entourage</a>. The exotic <i>Queen of Sheba's Visit to King Solomon</i> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Poynter" title="Edward Poynter">Edward Poynter</a> touches on a longstanding convention of elaborate processions from "the East". <a href="/wiki/Walter_Crane" title="Walter Crane">Walter Crane</a> depicted Beauty being escorted by wigged monkeys in his 1874 <i>Beauty and the Beast</i>.</li> <li>the opera <i><a href="/wiki/Aida" title="Aida">Aida</a></i> is known for its triumphal procession. The first staging included a live elephant on stage.</li> <li>the processions of <a href="/wiki/Tarkhaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarkhaan">Tarkhaans</a> and Tarkheenas are emblematic of Tashbaan's wealth and glamour in the book <a href="/wiki/The_Horse_and_His_Boy" title="The Horse and His Boy">The Horse and His Boy</a> by <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_film">In film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: In film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>elaborate Chinese <a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">wedding</a> processions feature in the films <i><a href="/wiki/Crouching_Tiger,_Hidden_Dragon" title="Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon">Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Emperor" title="The Last Emperor">The Last Emperor</a></i></li> <li>in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Pillow_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Pillow Book">Pillow Book</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Heroine" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroine">heroine</a> compares her wedding procession with the procession of a <a href="/wiki/Heian_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Heian Period">Heian Period</a> empress. In another film by the same director, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Greenaway" title="Peter Greenaway">Peter Greenaway</a>, the act of <a href="/wiki/Prospero" title="Prospero">Prospero</a> simply walking through his house becomes a lush, visual procession because of the house's wealth of literary and visual symbolism.</li> <li>the Buddha discovers <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a>, old age, and <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a> while watching an elaborate procession in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Buddha" title="Little Buddha">Little Buddha</a></i></li> <li>the Nazi entourage in <i><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a></i>, upon arriving at their island base, begin an elaborate trek to the centre of the island, with soldiers holding aloft National Socialist standards. The procession is somewhat ostentatious given the climate, prompting the black-dressed Gestapo agent to remove his hat and wipe the sweat from his brow.</li> <li>the film <i><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_in_Paris" title="Jefferson in Paris">Jefferson in Paris</a></i> includes a scene during which <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> and his daughter watch one of the daily processions that make up the royal ritual at Versailles</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funeral_Elisabeth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Funeral_Elisabeth.jpg/220px-Funeral_Elisabeth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Funeral_Elisabeth.jpg/330px-Funeral_Elisabeth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Funeral_Elisabeth.jpg/440px-Funeral_Elisabeth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of part of the funeral procession of Queen Elizabeth I</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>the funeral procession of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a> is portrayed in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_(film)" title="Orlando (film)">Orlando</a></i></li> <li>the triumphal procession of <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> into <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> begins the 2004 film of the same name</li> <li>a spectacular procession introduces Prince Akeem's appointed bride in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Coming_to_America" title="Coming to America">Coming to America</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt>Fantasy</dt></dl> <ul><li>a utopian parade is depicted by <a href="/wiki/James_Gurney" title="James Gurney">James Gurney</a> in his <i>Dinosaur Parade</i></li> <li>Processions appear in several <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i> films, including award ceremonies at the end of <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">The Phantom Menace</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">A New Hope</a></i>, a funeral procession at the end of <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Revenge of the Sith</a></i>, and a military procession during <i><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a></i></li> <li>the god <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a> appears in a formal procession shortly before being overthrown in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate" title="Stargate">Stargate</a></i></li> <li>the procession of <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> as an Italian princess sets up the dilemma of her character at the beginning of the film <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Holiday_(1953_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Holiday (1953 film)">Roman Holiday</a></i></li> <li>the procession of Prince Ali in the <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Disney</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Aladdin_(1992_Disney_film)" title="Aladdin (1992 Disney film)">Aladdin</a></i> allows the hero to show off his newfound prestige</li> <li>the procession of the wicked <a href="/wiki/Skeksis" title="Skeksis">Skeksis</a> into their regeneration chamber, and the following procession of their spiritual counterparts, the Mystics, marks the climax of the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Crystal" title="The Dark Crystal">The Dark Crystal</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_music">In music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: In music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Procession-Manchester Orchestra: where the singer tries to get over the death of someone at their funeral procession.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2012)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funeral_procession_of_Keopuolani_from_her_posthumous_memoir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Funeral_procession_of_Keopuolani_from_her_posthumous_memoir.jpg/220px-Funeral_procession_of_Keopuolani_from_her_posthumous_memoir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Funeral_procession_of_Keopuolani_from_her_posthumous_memoir.jpg/330px-Funeral_procession_of_Keopuolani_from_her_posthumous_memoir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Funeral_procession_of_Keopuolani_from_her_posthumous_memoir.jpg/440px-Funeral_procession_of_Keopuolani_from_her_posthumous_memoir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The funeral procession of Queen Keopuolani of the Sandwich Islands</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade" title="Cavalcade">Cavalcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_procession" title="Funeral procession">Funeral procession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_hymn" title="Processional hymn">Processional hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_walkway" title="Processional walkway">Processional walkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statio" title="Statio">Statio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthsavar" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthsavar">Uthsavar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_processions_in_Baliuag" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Friday processions in Baliuag">Good Friday processions in Baliuag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Jesus" title="March for Jesus">March for Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Veiled_Prophet_Parade_themes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Veiled Prophet Parade themes">List of Veiled Prophet Parade themes</a>, St. Louis, Missouri</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For which reason this is called in <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Крестный ход</span>, <i>Krestnyi khod</i>, <i>cross procession</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In some traditions, a procession takes place on <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> as well.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A similar procession takes place sundry other times when the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Blessing_of_Waters" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser Blessing of Waters">Lesser Blessing of Waters</a> is performed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">If the deceased is a <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> the clergy chant the <a href="/wiki/Andrew_of_Crete" title="Andrew of Crete">Great Canon of St. Andrew</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Procession" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Procession">Procession</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 414–416.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Procession&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=414-416&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcession" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daremberg and Saglio, <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_des_Antiquit%C3%A9s_Grecques_et_Romaines" title="Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines">Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines</a></i>, s.v. Consul.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Preller, Rm. Mythologie, pp. 370-372.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Du_Cange" class="mw-redirect" title="Du Cange">Du Cange</a>, s.v.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ep. IX. ad Diosc. episc. c. 445: <i>qui nostris processionibus et ordinationibus frequenter interfuit</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Dic. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Procession.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Louis_Duchesne" title="Louis Duchesne">Louis Duchesne</a>, <i>Origines</i>, 2nd ed., pp. 77, 154, 181; 78, 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">c. 375.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">c. 388, Ep. 40 16, Ad Theodos. <i>monachos ... qui psalmos canentes ex consuetudine usuque veteri pergebant ad celebritatem Machabaeorum martyrum</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hist. eccl. viii. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josh. vi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2 Sam. vi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Origines, ch. i.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vita S. Remig. I.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ep. xi. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a>, Hist. Fr. x. i, and Johann. Diac. Vita Greg. Magn. i. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See e.g. St Ambrose, Ep. 29 and St Augustine, De civitate Dei, xxii. 8 and Conf. viii. 7, for the finding and translation of the relics of Saints <a href="/wiki/Gervasius_and_Protasius" title="Gervasius and Protasius">Gervasius and Protasius</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Alte Bittgange</i>, in Zeller, <i>Philosophische Aufsatze</i>, p. 278 seq.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fasti praenestini, C.T.L.T., p. 317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Regist. ii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ep. v. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForster" class="citation book cs1">Forster, Marc R. <i>Catholic Revival in the Age of Baroque</i>. p. 107.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Revival+in+the+Age+of+Baroque&rft.pages=107&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=Marc+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcession" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forster116-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forster116_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forster116_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForster" class="citation book cs1">Forster, Marc R. <i>Catholic Revival in the Age of Baroque</i>. p. 116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Revival+in+the+Age+of+Baroque&rft.pages=116&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=Marc+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcession" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForster" class="citation book cs1">Forster, Marc R. <i>Catholic Revival in the Age of Baroque</i>. p. 111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Revival+in+the+Age+of+Baroque&rft.pages=111&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=Marc+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcession" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForster" class="citation book cs1">Forster, Marc R. <i>Catholic Revival in the Age of Baroque</i>. p. 119.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Revival+in+the+Age+of+Baroque&rft.pages=119&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=Marc+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcession" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForster" class="citation book cs1">Forster, Marc R. <i>Catholic Revival in the Age of Baroque</i>. p. 114.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Revival+in+the+Age+of+Baroque&rft.pages=114&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=Marc+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcession" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForster" class="citation book cs1">Forster, Marc R. <i>Catholic Revival in the Age of Baroque</i>. p. 115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Revival+in+the+Age+of+Baroque&rft.pages=115&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=Marc+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcession" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Story of the Stone by Cao Xuequin, translated by David Hawkes, published by Penguin Books, 1973. Volume I, page 356</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.met.police.uk/advice/advice-and-information/e/events-and-processions/">"Events and processions"</a>. <i>Metropolitan Police</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Thousands of events and processions are held each year across the country, from club nights and outdoor festivals to protest marches and demonstrations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metropolitan+Police&rft.atitle=Events+and+processions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.police.uk%2Fadvice%2Fadvice-and-information%2Fe%2Fevents-and-processions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcession" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Processions"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Processions">"Processions" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Processions&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcession" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Procession_Path" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Procession Path">Procession Path</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 417.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Procession+Path&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=417&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcession" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GBN-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GBN_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stspress.com/products-page/service-books/great-book-of-needs-vol-2/"><i>The Great Book of Needs: Expanded and Supplemented (Volume 2): The Sanctification of the Temple and other Ecclesiastical and Liturgical Blessings</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Canaan_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="South Canaan Township, Pennsylvania">South Canaan, Pennsylvania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Tikhon%27s_Orthodox_Theological_Seminary" title="Saint Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary">Saint Tikhon's Seminary Press</a>, 2000, p. 57, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-878997-56-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-878997-56-4"><bdi>1-878997-56-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Book+of+Needs%3A+Expanded+and+Supplemented+%28Volume+2%29%3A+The+Sanctification+of+the+Temple+and+other+Ecclesiastical+and+Liturgical+Blessings&rft.place=South+Canaan%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Saint+Tikhon%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-878997-56-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stspress.com%2Fproducts-page%2Fservice-books%2Fgreat-book-of-needs-vol-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcession" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cutts, E. L. (1895) <i>A Dictionary of the Church of England</i>; 3rd ed. London: S. P. C. K.; p. 482</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cairncross, Henry, et al., comps. (1935) <i>Ritual Notes</i>; 8th ed. London: W. Knott; p. 104</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Serrarius, N. (1607) <i>Sacri peripatetici, sive in Sacris Ecclesiae Catholicae processionibus libri duo</i>. Cologne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Gretser" title="Jacob Gretser">Gretser, Jakob</a> (1608) <i>De Catholicae Ecclesiae sacris processionibus & supplicantibus libri duo</i>. Cologne: H. Mylius</li> <li>Dunlop, C. (1932) <i>Processions</i>. London: Alcuin Club</li> <li>Cairncross, Henry; Lamburn, E. C. R. & Whatton, G. A. C., comps. (1935) <i>Ritual Notes: a comprehensive guide to the rites and ceremonies of the Book of Common Prayer of the English Church</i>; 8th ed. London: W. Knott; pp. 104–09</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Ostenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida Ostenberg">Östenberg, I.</a>, S. Malmberg and J. Bjørnebye (eds). <i>The Moving City: Processions, passages and promenades in ancient Rome.</i> Bloomsbury, London 2015.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procession&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/images/hcm10.jpg">An Outdoor Procession</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.liturgy.ru/photo/x9.htm">Outdoor Procession on the Feast of the Dormition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/images/jerusalem100_27.jpg">Outdoor Procession at Ascension Convent on the Mount of Olives at Jerusalem</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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#ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadragesima_Sunday" title="Quadragesima Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">5th</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">2nd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sunday" title="Divine Mercy Sunday">Divine Mercy Sunday</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixth_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixth Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventh_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seventh Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">7th</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Feast of the Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_John_the_Baptist" title="Nativity of John the Baptist">Nativity of John the Baptist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Christ the King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: #ffea7d; font-weight: normal;"><div id="Tridentine_Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Latin_Church_(1960_Calendar)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">1960 Calendar</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sunday of Advent">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sunday of Advent">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_Sunday" title="Gaudete Sunday">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Sunday of Advent">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rorate_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Rorate Mass">Rorate Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Antiphons" title="O Antiphons">Greater Ferias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Winter Ember Days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas" title="Twelve Days of Christmas">Christmas Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Circumcision_of_Christ" title="Feast of the Circumcision of Christ">Octave Day of Christmas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus">Holy Name of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_season" title="Epiphany season">Epiphany Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Purification of Mary</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagesima" title="Sexagesima">Sexagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquagesima" title="Quinquagesima">Quinquagesima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadragesima_Sunday" title="Quadragesima Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Spring Ember Days</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_procession" title="Holy Week procession">P</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrae" title="Tenebrae">Tenebrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Easter_parade" title="Easter parade">P</a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sundays after Easter <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixth_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixth Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventh_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seventh Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">6th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogation_days" title="Rogation days">Rogation Days</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></i><sup><a href="/wiki/Procession_of_the_Holy_Blood" title="Procession of the Holy Blood">P</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost_season" title="Pentecost season">Pentecost Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Summer Ember Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></i><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_John_the_Baptist" title="Nativity of John the Baptist">Saint John the Baptist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Most_Precious_Blood" title="Feast of the Most Precious Blood">Precious Blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Autumn Ember Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Maternity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Christ the King</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #ffea7d"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd>P = <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Roman_Catholics">Ordinary Procession</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: gold;"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd><i>Italic font</i> marks the 10 <a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">holy days of obligation</a> in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on a Sunday.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Older calendars <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII">1955</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">pre-1955</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Tridentine</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Computus" class="mw-redirect" title="Computus">Computus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Easter_cycle" title="Easter cycle">Easter cycle</a></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">rites</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">liturgies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism (Catholic Church)">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Eucharistic liturgies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_the_Presanctified_Gifts" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts">Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great">Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._John_Chrysostom" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom">Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Qurbono">Holy Qurbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa Cantata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical High Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal Mass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">Canonical hours</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgical hours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Matins</a> (nighttime)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauds" title="Lauds">Lauds</a> (early morning)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_(liturgy)" title="Prime (liturgy)">Prime</a> (first hour of daylight)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terce" title="Terce">Terce</a> (third hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sext" title="Sext">Sext</a> (noon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nones_(liturgy)" title="Nones (liturgy)">Nones</a> (ninth hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">Vespers</a> (sunset/evening) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evensong" title="Evensong">Evensong</a> (Anglican Use Vespers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsha" title="Ramsha">Ramsha</a> (West Syriac Vespers)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compline" title="Compline">Compline</a> (end of the day)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other liturgical services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Exorcism in the Catholic Church">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_funeral" title="Catholic funeral">Funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Catholic_Church">Procession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book" title="Liturgical book">Liturgical literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphonary" title="Antiphonary">Antiphonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_hours" title="Book of hours">Book of hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_(liturgy)" title="Customary (liturgy)">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horologion" title="Horologion">Horologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_Daily_Office" title="Divine Worship: Daily Office">Divine Worship: Daily Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical" title="Pontifical">Pontifical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal" title="Missal">Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_The_Missal" title="Divine Worship: The Missal">Divine Worship: The Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Liturgical language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Liturgical<br />rites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin<br />liturgical rites</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Rite of Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">Extraordinary Form</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_order_liturgical_rite" title="Catholic order liturgical rite">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rite" title="Benedictine Rite">Benedictine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Rite" title="Carmelite Rite">Carmelite Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian Rite">Carthusian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Rite" title="Cistercian Rite">Cistercian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Rite" title="Dominican Rite">Dominican Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbertine_Rite" title="Norbertine Rite">Norbertine Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Rite" title="African Rite">African Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquileian_Rite" title="Aquileian Rite">Aquileian Rite</a></li> <li>British <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Rite" title="Durham Rite">Durham Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Hereford" title="Use of Hereford">Hereford Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Sarum" title="Use of Sarum">Sarum Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_York" title="Use of York">York Use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_Rite" title="Gallican Rite">Gallican Rite</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Nautica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa sicca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Venatoria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic<br />Churches</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic<br />liturgy</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochene Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar rite">Malabar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, 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