Trucks & buses

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<div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails g-nav__menu-thumbnails--no-xl-list"> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-items"> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/fossil-fuels" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 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600px" alt="Oil and natural gas supply" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Fossil Fuels</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/renewables" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo depicts a solar panels and windmills in the power plant" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Renewables</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/electricity" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="photo from the perspective of 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200w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Low-emission fuels" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Low-Emission Fuels</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/transport" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Transport" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Transport</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/industry" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Tracking industry" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Industry</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Tracking buildings" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Buildings</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=600&h=336&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=112 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=308 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=617 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=336 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=673 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Hector Martinez Ruupyvdsnek Unsplash" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy Efficiency and Demand</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Ccus Tall" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="LED screen macro" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Decarbonisation Enablers</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails-list"> <ul> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/energy-system/buildings" tabindex="-1"> <span>Buildings</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand" tabindex="-1"> <span>Energy Efficiency and Demand</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage" tabindex="-1"> <span>Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers" tabindex="-1"> <span>Decarbonisation Enablers</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--soft-accent" href="/energy-system" data-focus-tabbed > <span class="a-button-rounded__label">Explore all</span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="g-nav__item"> <a href="/topics" aria-controls="navigation-2" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-nav-link>Topics <span class="g-nav__item-chevron"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span></span></a> <div class="g-nav__menu" id="navigation-2" role="menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="g-nav__menu-inner"> <div class="g-nav__menu-header"> <span class="g-nav__menu-title">Understand the biggest energy challenges</span> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails "> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-items"> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/cop28-tracking-the-energy-outcomes" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=600&h=132&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=121 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=242 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=132 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=264 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo of planet earth taken from space" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/energy-security" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Electricity security report cover" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy Security</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/climate-change" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=600&h=258&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=473 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=258 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=516 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Climate Change</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/access-and-affordability" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Access and Affordability</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/artificial-intelligence" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=600&h=133&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=122 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=243 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=133 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=266 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo Depicts Abstract Curly Tendrils Against Blue Background Gettyimages 1041976390" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Artificial Intelligence</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/net-zero-emissions" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Aerial View Of Wind Turbines" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Net Zero Emissions</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/russias-war-on-ukraine" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=472 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=515 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Russias War On Ukraine Topic Page Cover An Empty Train Station In Lviv Urkaine" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Russia's War on Ukraine</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/the-ieas-50th-anniversary" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=472 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="50 Bg 2" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">The IEA's 50th Anniversary</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/energy-and-gender" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=600&h=132&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=121 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=242 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=132 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=264 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Thisisengineering X7cls0azgkg Unsplash" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy and Gender</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/investment" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=472 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=515 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Investment Topic Page Cover Image Windwills In The Background With Solar Panels At The Foreground" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Investment</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails-list"> <ul> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a 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With selective focus and bokeh." class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Technology Perspectives 2024</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — October 2024 </p> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="m-card-listing-item m-card-listing-item--report m-card-listing-item--flagship-report"> <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/world-energy-outlook-2024" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=348&h=471&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=390 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=780 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=439 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=878 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=943 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Image Showing A Wave Liquid Shape Color Background Art Design Vector Illustration Gettyimages 1148599351 Cmyk" class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">World Energy Outlook 2024</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — October 2024 </p> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="m-card-listing-item m-card-listing-item--report m-card-listing-item--fuel-report"> <a class="m-card m-card--report-default m-card--report-fuel m-card--report-default" href="/reports/oil-market-report-november-2024" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Oil Market Report - 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src="https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/trucks_buses.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1313%2C2992%2C664&w=1400&h=311&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/trucks_buses.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1313%2C2992%2C664&w=690&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=153 690w,https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/trucks_buses.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1313%2C2992%2C664&w=1380&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=306 1380w,https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/trucks_buses.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1313%2C2992%2C664&w=800&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=178 800w,https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/trucks_buses.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1313%2C2992%2C664&w=1600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=355 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1400w,https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/trucks_buses.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1313%2C2992%2C664&w=2800&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=621 2800w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 690px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 800px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 965px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 1280px,(min-width: 1480px) 1400px" alt="Trucks Buses Jpg" data-zoom-out="" /> </div> <div class="container o-hero-global__content"> <h1 class="f-title-2 o-hero-global__title">Trucks and Buses</h1> <nav class="o-hero-global__breadcrumbs"> <nav class="m-breadcrumbs m-breadcrumbs--inverse m-breadcrumbs--shadow" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <ol class="m-breadcrumbs__items"> <li class="m-breadcrumbs__item"> <a class="m-breadcrumbs__link f-ui-3" href="/energy-system">Energy system</a> </li> <li class="m-breadcrumbs__item"> <a class="m-breadcrumbs__link f-ui-3" href="/energy-system/transport">Transport</a> </li> <li class="m-breadcrumbs__item"> <a class="m-breadcrumbs__link f-ui-3" aria-current="page" href="/energy-system/transport/trucks-and-buses">Trucks and Buses</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </nav> </div> </header> <nav class="m-nav-page m-nav-page--tabs m-nav-page--w-cta" data-behavior="stickyNav tabs" data-stickynav-offset="60" data-tabs-check-url="true" data-tabs-select-first="true" data-tabs-scroll-update="true" > <div class="m-nav-page__bar "> <div class="container m-nav-page__inner"> <div class="m-nav-page__scroller" data-tabs-scroller> <div class="m-nav-page__ctas"> <nav class="m-nav-page__tabs m-nav-page__tabs--strong"> <a href="#overview" class="m-nav-page__tab " data-tabs-btn > Overview </a> <a href="#tracking" class="m-nav-page__tab " data-tabs-btn > Tracking </a> <a href="#programmes" class="m-nav-page__tab " data-tabs-btn > Programmes </a> <span class="m-nav-page__active-tab" data-tabs-status></span> </nav> </div> </div> <div data-buy-generic></div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="m-tab-wrapper" data-stickyNav-tracker> <section class="page__section" id="overview" data-tab-anchor="Overview"> <div class="page__section page__section--padded-b"> <section class="m-energy-questions container"> <div class="m-animation-reveal" data-behavior="animationReveal" > <div class="m-energy-questions__cards"> <div class="m-energy-questions__card"> <div class="m-card-energy-question"> <h3 class="m-card-energy-question__title">Why are trucks and buses important?</h3> <p class="m-card-energy-question__desc"> Tailpipe CO2 emissions from heavy-duty vehicles have been increasing rapidly since 2000, with trucks accounting for more than 80% of this growth. Vehicle efficiency standards, together with efforts to improve logistics and operational efficiency, are needed to slow growing emissions.</p> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-questions__card"> <div class="m-card-energy-question"> <h3 class="m-card-energy-question__title">Where do we need to go?</h3> <p class="m-card-energy-question__desc"> Heavy-duty vehicles emissions need to peak rapidly and start declining in the coming decade to reach Net Zero Scenario milestones. More countries need to adopt, strengthen and harmonise heavy-duty vehicle fuel economy standards and zero-emission vehicle mandates. Electric and hydrogen fuel-cell electric heavy-duty vehicles need to be adopted now to enable emissions reductions in the 2020s and 2030s.</p> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-questions__card"> <div class="m-card-energy-question"> <h3 class="m-card-energy-question__title">What are the challenges?</h3> <p class="m-card-energy-question__desc"> Decarbonising trucks via electrification requires additional renewable electricity supply, which may necessitate extensive upgrades to grid infrastructure. It also requires improved batteries to cope with the greater weight and range of trucks. The costs and lead times of these developments have the potential to hamper progress.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-questions__accordions" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-forceFirstOpen="1" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom"> <div class="m-accordion-unity " > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h2 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="1" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="why-are-trucks-and-buses-important-744940bc-b215-11ef-964e-6045bd192725-content" id="why-are-trucks-and-buses-important-744940bc-b215-11ef-964e-6045bd192725"> Why are trucks and buses important? <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h2> </div> <div id="why-are-trucks-and-buses-important-744940bc-b215-11ef-964e-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="why-are-trucks-and-buses-important-744940bc-b215-11ef-964e-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item data-accordion-init="" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> Tailpipe CO2 emissions from heavy-duty vehicles have been increasing rapidly since 2000, with trucks accounting for more than 80% of this growth. Vehicle efficiency standards, together with efforts to improve logistics and operational efficiency, are needed to slow growing emissions. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity " > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h2 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="where-do-we-need-to-go-74494652-b215-11ef-ba24-6045bd192725-content" id="where-do-we-need-to-go-74494652-b215-11ef-ba24-6045bd192725"> Where do we need to go? <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h2> </div> <div id="where-do-we-need-to-go-74494652-b215-11ef-ba24-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="where-do-we-need-to-go-74494652-b215-11ef-ba24-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> Heavy-duty vehicles emissions need to peak rapidly and start declining in the coming decade to reach Net Zero Scenario milestones. More countries need to adopt, strengthen and harmonise heavy-duty vehicle fuel economy standards and zero-emission vehicle mandates. Electric and hydrogen fuel-cell electric heavy-duty vehicles need to be adopted now to enable emissions reductions in the 2020s and 2030s. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity " > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h2 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="what-are-the-challenges-74494904-b215-11ef-a6f7-6045bd192725-content" id="what-are-the-challenges-74494904-b215-11ef-a6f7-6045bd192725"> What are the challenges? <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h2> </div> <div id="what-are-the-challenges-74494904-b215-11ef-a6f7-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="what-are-the-challenges-74494904-b215-11ef-a6f7-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> Decarbonising trucks via electrification requires additional renewable electricity supply, which may necessitate extensive upgrades to grid infrastructure. It also requires improved batteries to cope with the greater weight and range of trucks. The costs and lead times of these developments have the potential to hamper progress. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="page__section page__section--padded"> <div class="container m-key-finding__slider" id="key-findings"> <div class="m-slider m-slider--key-findings" data-behavior="slider" data-slider-dynamic-height="" data-slider-with-chart=""> <header class="m-section-title m-section-title--blue" > <h2 class="m-section-title__title f-title-6 " > Latest findings </h2> </header> <div class="m-slider__container"> <div class="m-slider__list" data-slider-list role="list"> <div class="m-slider__item" role="listitem"> <div class="container"> <div class="m-block m-block--key-finding m-block--keyfindings-slider m-block--charts-half"> <div class="m-block__aside"> <h4 class="m-block__key-title f-title-5">Electrification of road transport goes beyond cars and the ambition is growing</h4> <div class="m-block__key-desc"> <div class="f-rte"> Globally, almost 50 000 electric buses were sold in 2023, equating to 3% of total bus sales and bringing the global stock to approximately 635 000 in total. Several European countries (such as Belgium, Norway and Switzerland) and China achieved sales shares above 50% in 2023, and more than one-fifth of bus sales were electric in Canada, Chile, Finland, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Sweden. <br><br> Sales of electric trucks increased 35% in 2023 compared to 2022, meaning that total sales of electric trucks surpassed electric buses for the first time, reaching around 54 000. China is the leading market for electric trucks, accounting for 70% of global sales in 2023, down from 85% in 2022. In Europe, electric truck sales increased almost threefold in 2023 to reach more than 10 000 (>1.5% sales share). The United States also saw a threefold increase, though electric truck sales reached just 1 200, less than 0.1% of total truck sales. </div> <p class="m-block__link"> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary" href="https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2024/trends-in-heavy-electric-vehicles" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed > <span>Global EV Outlook 2024: Trends in heavy electric vehicles</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><title>circle-arrow</title><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="m-block__content"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="electric-bus-registrations-and-sales-share-by-region-2015-2023" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";China;Europe;United States;Other;China sales share;Europe sales share;United States sales share;Other sales share 2015;56;0;1;0;38;0.2;0.4;0 2016;83;1;1;0;53;0.9;0.2;0 2017;88;1;0;0;60;0.6;0.1;0 2018;84;1;1;1;64;1.1;0.4;0.1 2019;69;2;1;1;61;2.8;0.6;0.1 2020;57;3;1;5;66;4.7;0.3;0.4 2021;43;4;1;3;56;6.7;1.2;0.3 2022;45;5;2;7;66;9.2;2.7;0.5 2023;30;8;1;10;50;13;0.8;0.7" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="0" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"series\":[{\"colorIndex\":6},{},{},{\"colorIndex\":9},{\"type\":\"scatter\", \"zIndex\":999, \"colorIndex\":6, \"showInLegend\":true, \"yAxis\":1, \"tooltip\":{ \"valueSuffix\":\"%\", \"valueDecimals\":0 }}, {\"type\":\"scatter\", \"zIndex\":998, \"colorIndex\":1, \"showInLegend\":true, \"yAxis\":1, \"tooltip\":{ \"valueSuffix\":\"%\", \"valueDecimals\":1 }}, {\"type\":\"scatter\", \"zIndex\":997, \"colorIndex\":2, \"showInLegend\":true, \"yAxis\":1, \"tooltip\":{ \"valueSuffix\":\"%\", \"valueDecimals\":1 }}, {\"type\":\"scatter\", \"zIndex\":996, \"colorIndex\":9, \"showInLegend\":true, \"yAxis\":1, \"tooltip\":{ \"valueSuffix\":\"%\", \"valueDecimals\":1 }}], \"yAxis\":[{ \"title\":{\"text\":\"Electric bus registrations\"}, \"floor\":0, \"ceiling\":100, \"tickInterval\":10, \"alignTicks\":true }, { \"title\":{ \"text\":\"Sales share\" }, \"labels\":{ \"format\":\"{value}%\" }, \"opposite\":true, \"floor\":0, \"ceiling\":100, \"tickInterval\":5, \"alignTicks\":true}] }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="thousand" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Electric bus registrations and sales share by region, 2015-2023</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/electric-bus-registrations-and-sales-share-by-region-2015-2023" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Electric bus registrations and sales share by region, 2015-2023' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="page__section page__section--padded page__section--dark page__section--no-border" data-tab-anchor="tracking"> <section id="tracking" class="m-energy-tracking-section container"> <header class="m-energy-tracking-section__header "> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__col"> <h2 class="f-title-6 m-energy-tracking-section__title">Tracking Trucks and Buses</h2> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__status-container"> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__status"> <div class="a-status a-status--not-on-track a-status--strong"> <span class="a-status__dot"></span> <div class="a-status__slot"> <span class="a-status__content">Not on track</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__status-tooltip"> <span class="a-help" data-behavior="tooltip"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--help icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--help"></use></svg></span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--help-inverse icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--help-inverse"></use></svg></span> <script type="x-template" data-tooltip-template> <div> <div class="a-status a-status--on-track a-status--strong"> <span class="a-status__dot"></span> <div class="a-status__slot"> <span class="a-status__content">On track</span> </div> </div> <div class="a-status a-status--more-efforts-needed a-status--strong"> <span class="a-status__dot"></span> <div class="a-status__slot"> <span class="a-status__content">More efforts needed</span> </div> </div> <div class="a-status a-status--not-on-track a-status--strong"> <span class="a-status__dot"></span> <div class="a-status__slot"> <span class="a-status__content">Not on track</span> </div> </div> </div> </script> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__col"> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__desc f-rte f-subtitle-1"><p>Although they represent fewer than 8% of vehicles (excluding two- and three-wheelers), trucks and buses are responsible for more than 35% of direct CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from road transport. Emissions in this sector are continuing to grow and in 2022 rebounded to around their 2019 level.</p><p>Promising increases in electric truck deployment, and recent stringent CO<sub>2</sub> standards in the European Union and United States, will help to enable the rapid electrification required to decarbonise the sector. However, advances will be needed worldwide to reverse the trend of increasing emissions. To align with the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario, emissions must fall by 15% from 2022 to 2030, declining at roughly 2% per year.<br class="softbreak"></p></div> </div> </header> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__items container"> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="country-and-regional-highlights-744fd2ba-b215-11ef-90ee-6045bd192725-content" id="country-and-regional-highlights-744fd2ba-b215-11ef-90ee-6045bd192725"> Country and regional highlights <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">More than 90% of the world’s zero-emission buses and trucks are in China, but recent policies may help the European Union and United States catch up </p> </div> <div id="country-and-regional-highlights-744fd2ba-b215-11ef-90ee-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="country-and-regional-highlights-744fd2ba-b215-11ef-90ee-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>More than 90% of the world’s zero-emission buses and trucks are in China, but recent policies may help the European Union and United States catch up </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Countries and regions making notable progress in decarbonising trucks and buses include the following: </p><ul><li><strong>China </strong>continues to lead on deployment of electric buses and trucks, with more than 60% of global electric bus sales and over 70% of global electric truck sales in 2023. </li><li>In May 2024, the <strong>European Union</strong> adopted ambitious <a href="https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/PE-29-2024-REV-1/en/pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">CO<sub>2</sub> standards</a> for most new trucks and coaches (90% emissions reduction by 2040) and urban buses (100% zero-emission sales by 2035).</li><li>In March 2024, the <strong>United States</strong> released the <a href="https://www.energy.gov/articles/biden-harris-administration-releases-first-ever-national-strategy-accelerate-deployment" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">National Zero-Emission Freight Corridor Strategy</a>, which sets out a phased approach to establishing charging and refuelling infrastructure for zero-emission medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. The same month the US Environmental Protection Agency finalised new <a href="https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-greenhouse-gas-emissions-standards-heavy-duty" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">GHG emissions standards</a> for heavy-duty vehicles.</li><li>Cities across Latin America, such as Bogota and Santiago, had deployed nearly 6 500 electric buses in aggregate at the end of 2023.<br class="softbreak"></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="co2-emissions-7457194e-b215-11ef-a94c-6045bd192725-content" id="co2-emissions-7457194e-b215-11ef-a94c-6045bd192725"> CO2 emissions <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Stronger fuel economy standards are needed to put emissions from trucks and buses on a declining trajectory </p> </div> <div id="co2-emissions-7457194e-b215-11ef-a94c-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="co2-emissions-7457194e-b215-11ef-a94c-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Stronger fuel economy standards are needed to put emissions from trucks and buses on a declining trajectory </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>In 2022, emissions from trucks rebounded to around their pre-Covid-19 pandemic levels. Current trends suggest that bus and truck emissions will exceed historic highs in 2023, and that emissions will then continue to increase in the coming years, unless ambitious policy change is introduced.  </p><p>Rapid adoption of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), including electric and hydrogen fuel cell electric heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs), will be needed to enable the 15% reduction in emissions needed by 2030 to put the sector on a trajectory compatible with the NZE Scenario. To achieve this, more countries will need to adopt, strengthen and harmonise HDV fuel economy standards. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:1"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="global-co2-emissions-from-trucks-and-buses-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2000-2030" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=",Bus,Medium freight truck,Heavy freight truck 2000,325,449,727 2001,336,445,738 2002,346,453,767 2003,360,469,787 2004,379,490,825 2005,383,501,853 2006,402,507,872 2007,408,524,924 2008,417,533,930 2009,413,526,909 2010,433,539,948 2011,436,562,997 2012,455,583,1006 2013,467,588,1042 2014,469,594,1062 2015,473,599,1089 2016,475,598,1095 2017,474,606,1137 2018,482,631,1177 2019,473,618,1169 2020,427,571,1085 2021,447,614,1173 2022,452,631,1199 2023,,, 2024,,, 2025,,, 2026,,, 2027,,, 2028,,, 2029,,, 2030,380,521,1109" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="0" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"xAxis\": { \"plotLines\": [ {\"value\": 2022.5, \"label\": { \"text\": \"NZE\"}} ] }, \"plotOptions\": { \"column\": { \"grouping\": false } } }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="Mt CO₂" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Global CO2 emissions from trucks and buses in the Net Zero Scenario, 2000-2030</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/global-co2-emissions-from-trucks-and-buses-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2000-2030" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Global CO2 emissions from trucks and buses in the Net Zero Scenario, 2000-2030' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="energy-745c991e-b215-11ef-8290-6045bd192725-content" id="energy-745c991e-b215-11ef-8290-6045bd192725"> Energy <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Greater uptake of electrified vehicles is needed to offset the increase in energy demand </p> </div> <div id="energy-745c991e-b215-11ef-8290-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="energy-745c991e-b215-11ef-8290-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Greater uptake of electrified vehicles is needed to offset the increase in energy demand </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>The share of energy from biofuels in the road sector increases from less than 5% today to 10% by 2030 in the NZE Scenario. Yet even as biofuels continue to penetrate the gasoline and diesel fuel pools, zero-emission buses and trucks will need to be rapidly deployed, as further increasing the share of biofuels sustainably will become difficult. Urban electric transit buses, in particular, are already technically viable and cost-competitive in many contexts, largely due to the efficiency advantages of electrified powertrains over traditional internal combustion engines (ICE), meaning they also reduce overall energy consumption.  </p><p>Where practical, logistical improvements and modal shift to rail or ship can help reduce overall energy demand, but fuel shifts – and above all, a focus on direct electrification – are still needed to meet remaining energy demand. In the NZE Scenario, electricity, which currently accounts for less than 0.5% of sectoral energy, and hydrogen (which today has a negligible share), increase to around 6% and over 1% of sectoral energy respectively, by the end of this decade. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:1"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="global-final-energy-demand-for-trucks-and-buses-by-fuel-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2000-2030" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=",Diesel,Gasoline,Natural gas,Biofuels,Electricity,Hydrogen 2000,17.5,3.6,0,0.1,0,0 2001,17.8,3.5,0,0.1,0,0 2002,18.4,3.5,0,0.1,0,0 2003,19.2,3.4,0,0.1,0,0 2004,20.3,3.4,0,0.1,0,0 2005,20.9,3.4,0.1,0.1,0,0 2006,21.5,3.4,0.1,0.2,0,0 2007,22.7,3.2,0.1,0.3,0,0 2008,23,3.3,0.1,0.4,0,0 2009,22.5,3.3,0.1,0.4,0,0 2010,23.4,3.4,0.1,0.5,0,0 2011,24.3,3.4,0.2,0.5,0,0 2012,24.9,3.5,0.2,0.6,0,0 2013,25.5,3.6,0.3,0.7,0,0 2014,25.8,3.7,0.4,0.8,0,0 2015,26.2,3.7,0.4,0.8,0,0 2016,26.2,3.8,0.4,0.9,0,0 2017,26.9,3.7,0.5,0.9,0.1,0 2018,27.7,3.9,0.7,1,0.1,0 2019,27.2,3.8,0.8,1.1,0.1,0 2020,24.9,3.5,0.9,1.2,0.1,0 2021,26.7,3.8,1,1.3,0.1,0 2022,27.3,3.8,1.1,1.4,0.1,0 2023,,,,,, 2024,,,,,, 2025,,,,,, 2026,,,,,, 2027,,,,,, 2028,,,,,, 2029,,,,,, 2030,24.6,2.9,0.8,3.4,2,0.4" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="1" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"xAxis\": { \"plotLines\": [ {\"value\": 2022.5, \"label\": { \"text\": \"NZE\"}} ] }, \"plotOptions\": { \"column\": { \"grouping\": false } } }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="EJ" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Global final energy demand for trucks and buses by fuel in the Net Zero Scenario, 2000-2030</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/global-final-energy-demand-for-trucks-and-buses-by-fuel-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2000-2030" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Global final energy demand for trucks and buses by fuel in the Net Zero Scenario, 2000-2030' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="technology-deployment-74628892-b215-11ef-9bff-6045bd192725-content" id="technology-deployment-74628892-b215-11ef-9bff-6045bd192725"> Technology deployment <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">China continues to account for the majority of electric bus and truck sales, but market share elsewhere is growing rapidly </p> </div> <div id="technology-deployment-74628892-b215-11ef-9bff-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="technology-deployment-74628892-b215-11ef-9bff-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>China continues to account for the majority of electric bus and truck sales, but market share elsewhere is growing rapidly </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Globally, almost 50 000 electric buses were sold in 2023, equating to 3% of total bus sales and bringing the global stock to approximately 635 000 in total. Several European countries (such as Belgium, Norway and Switzerland) and China achieved sales shares above 50% in 2023, and more than one-fifth of bus sales were electric in Canada, Chile, Finland, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Sweden. Cities across Latin America, such as Bogota and Santiago, have deployed nearly 6 500 electric buses to date.</p><p>Sales of electric trucks increased 35% in 2023 compared to 2022, meaning that total sales of electric trucks surpassed electric buses for the first time, at around 54 000. China is the leading market for electric trucks, accounting for 70% of global sales in 2023, down from 85% in 2022. In Europe, electric truck sales increased almost threefold in 2023 to reach more than 10 000 (>1.5% sales share). The United States also saw a threefold increase, though electric truck sales reached just 1 200, less than 0.1% of total truck sales.</p><p>The sales share of ICE powertrains in the HDV sector falls from almost 98% in 2022 to just over 50% by 2030 in the NZE Scenario. The remainder is made up of battery electric (32%), plug-in hybrid (7%), hybrid (4%), and fuel cell electric (3%) vehicles. At a fleet level, zero-emission buses comprise almost 25% of the total stock and zero-emission trucks more than 10% in 2030.<br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:1"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="global-sales-by-technology-for-trucks-and-buses-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2000-2030" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="0" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=",Internal combustion,Battery electric,Hybrid,Plug-in hybrid electric,Fuel cell electric 2000,4.1,0,0,0,0 2001,4.09,0,0,0,0 2002,4.33,0,0,0,0 2003,4.59,0,0,0,0 2004,4.91,0,0,0,0 2005,5.66,0,0,0,0 2006,5.56,0,0,0,0 2007,5.78,0,0,0,0 2008,6.02,0,0,0,0 2009,5.46,0,0,0,0 2010,6.53,0,0,0,0 2011,7.42,0,0,0,0 2012,6.94,0,0,0,0 2013,7.06,0,0,0,0 2014,7.16,0,0,0.01,0 2015,6.82,0.11,0,0.03,0 2016,7.11,0.11,0,0.02,0 2017,7.13,0.16,0,0.01,0 2018,7.29,0.15,0,0.01,0 2019,7.8,0.11,0,0.01,0 2020,7.42,0.1,0,0,0 2021,7.72,0.1,0,0,0 2022,6.38,0.12,0,0,0 2023,,,,, 2024,,,,, 2025,,,,, 2026,,,,, 2027,,,,, 2028,,,,, 2029,,,,, 2030,5.4,3.12,0.42,0.66,0.28" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="2" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"xAxis\": { \"plotLines\": [ {\"value\": 2022.5, \"label\": { \"text\": \"NZE\"}} ] }, \"plotOptions\": { \"column\": { \"grouping\": false } } }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="million vehicles" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Global sales by technology for trucks and buses in the Net Zero Scenario, 2000-2030</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/global-sales-by-technology-for-trucks-and-buses-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2000-2030" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Global sales by technology for trucks and buses in the Net Zero Scenario, 2000-2030' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="innovation-747d8e44-b215-11ef-8134-6045bd192725-content" id="innovation-747d8e44-b215-11ef-8134-6045bd192725"> Innovation <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Battery technology is improving, while the development and demonstration of heavy-duty ZEVs accelerates </p> </div> <div id="innovation-747d8e44-b215-11ef-8134-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="innovation-747d8e44-b215-11ef-8134-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Battery technology is improving, while the development and demonstration of heavy-duty ZEVs accelerates </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>To date, buses have been the most amenable category of HDV to electrification; however, as manufacturers scale up production and battery technology improves in terms of cost, energy density and durability, the availability of electric truck models is also increasing. CALSTART, a United States-based non-profit think-tank focusing on transport policy and technology, provides details on current and announced models through their Global <a href="https://globaldrivetozero.org/tools/zeti/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Drive to Zero ZETI tool</a>.</p><p>The market is particularly dynamic in China, where zero-emission truck and bus manufacturers are developing and commercialising new models to satisfy domestic and international demand.<br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:1"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="available-zero-emission-heavy-duty-vehicle-models-by-original-equipment-manufacturer-headquarters-type-of-vehicle-and-release-date-2020-2023" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="0" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";Bus (BEV);Bus (FCEV);MD truck (BEV);MD truck (FCEV);HD truck (BEV);HD truck (FCEV) 0;40;2;7;0;1;0 1;187;15;70;1;18;2 2;228;20;108;4;50;4 3;252;40;113;4;57;4 4;21;4;50;1;6;0 5;29;8;78;3;10;4 6;33;8;101;3;15;6 7;33;8;108;5;16;10 8;29;4;18;0;12;2 9;40;5;22;0;14;2 10;51;9;26;0;21;2 11;53;10;28;0;21;2 12;15;1;2;0;0;0 13;16;3;3;0;0;0 14;22;3;3;0;0;0 15;22;3;3;0;0;1" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="0" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"yAxis\": {\"title\": {\"text\": \"Number of models\"}}, \"xAxis\": {\"categories\": [\"2020\", \"2021\", \"2022\", \"2023\", \"2020\", \"2021\", \"2022\", \"2023\", \"2020\", \"2021\", \"2022\", \"2023\", \"2020\", \"2021\", \"2022\", \"2023\"], \"plotLines\": [ { \"value\": -0.5, \"className\": \"\", \"zIndex\": 999, \"label\": {\"text\": \"China\"} }, { \"value\": 3.5, \"zIndex\": 999, \"label\": {\"text\": \"North America\"} }, { \"value\": 7.5, \"zIndex\": 999, \"label\": {\"text\": \"Europe\"} }, { \"value\": 11.5, \"zIndex\": 999, \"label\": {\"text\": \"Rest of world\"} }] }, \"series\": [{\"colorIndex\": 0}, {\"colorIndex\": 2}, {\"colorIndex\": 3}, {\"colorIndex\": 5}, {\"colorIndex\": 6}, {\"colorIndex\": 8}] }" data-chart-colorpalette="tints" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Available zero-emission heavy-duty vehicle models by original equipment manufacturer headquarters, type of vehicle and release date, 2020-2023</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/available-zero-emission-heavy-duty-vehicle-models-by-original-equipment-manufacturer-headquarters-type-of-vehicle-and-release-date-2020-2023" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Available zero-emission heavy-duty vehicle models by original equipment manufacturer headquarters, type of vehicle and release date, 2020-2023' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:relatedLink"> <div class="m-block m-block--links"> <div class="m-block__content"> <div class="m-block__links-highlight"> <p class="m-block__links-description f-body">For more information</p> <ul class="m-block__links"> <li><a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary" href="https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/etp-clean-energy-technology-guide?selectedSector=Road" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed > <span>Explore the IEA's Clean Energy Technology Guide</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><title>circle-arrow</title><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="supporting-infrastructure-747da154-b215-11ef-8bad-6045bd192725-content" id="supporting-infrastructure-747da154-b215-11ef-8bad-6045bd192725"> Supporting infrastructure <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Charging and refuelling infrastructure is being developed, but improvements to the electrical grid are also essential </p> </div> <div id="supporting-infrastructure-747da154-b215-11ef-8bad-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="supporting-infrastructure-747da154-b215-11ef-8bad-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Charging and refuelling infrastructure is being developed, but improvements to the electrical grid are also essential </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Progress is being made globally on developing standards for megawatt-scale chargers, with the aim of achieving maximum interoperability for electric HDVs. In 2023, the European Union and United States produced a set of <a href="https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/document/aeabfa59-7073-427d-8f92-75cfe5abfca5_en" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">recommendations</a> for charging infrastructure, including the harmonisation of standards between the two regions. In essence, this provided recognition of the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_2992" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">adoption</a> of the megawatt charging system (MCS) – which allows charging capacity up to 3.75 MW – by international standardisation organisations such as SAE International and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).</p><p>In order to decarbonise trucks via electrification, extensive upgrades to the associated grid infrastructure will also be needed, as well as additional renewable electricity supply. Co-ordinated and sustained investment is needed so that the potentially <a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2022" rel="noopener noreferrer">high costs and long lead times</a> do not hamper progress.</p><p>Alternatives to fast charging, such as battery swapping and electric road systems<strong>, </strong>can already compete favourably in terms of capital and operating costs. China, where as many as <a href="https://interactanalysis.com/insight/chinas-new-energy-commercial-vehicle-sales-up-30-to-surpass-300k-units-in-2023/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">half</a> of electric heavy-duty trucks sold in 2023 were enabled with battery swapping technology, leads the way in battery swapping. Electric road systems have significantly progressed in countries including Sweden, France, Germany, Italy, Israel and the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240130-wireless-charging-the-roads-where-electric-vehicles-never-need-to-plug-in" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">United States</a>. In 2023, Sweden became the first country in the world to <a href="https://www.euronews.com/next/2023/05/09/sweden-is-building-the-worlds-first-permanent-electrified-road-for-evs-to-charge-while-dri" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">commit</a> to turning a highway into a permanently electrified road.<br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="policy-748fa732-b215-11ef-993d-6045bd192725-content" id="policy-748fa732-b215-11ef-993d-6045bd192725"> Policy <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Governments are tightening greenhouse gas and/or CO2 standards, and announcing ambitious ZEV deployment targets </p> </div> <div id="policy-748fa732-b215-11ef-993d-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="policy-748fa732-b215-11ef-993d-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Governments are tightening greenhouse gas and/or CO2 standards, and announcing ambitious ZEV deployment targets </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Over 70% of HDVs sold in 2022 were covered by fuel economy or vehicle efficiency regulations, up from 60% in 2017, but down from a peak of 80% in 2020 as a result of sales increasing in countries with no such policies.  </p><p>In the European Union, an <a href="https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets/ets2-buildings-road-transport-and-additional-sectors_en" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">emissions trading scheme for transport</a>, <a href="https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/PE-29-2024-INIT/en/pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">revised</a> CO<sub>2</sub> standards for HDVs and the <a href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/03/28/alternative-fuel-infrastructure-provisional-agreement-for-more-recharging-and-refuelling-stations-across-europe/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation</a> will aid heavy-duty ZEV deployment. In particular, the new CO<sub>2</sub> standards require a 90% reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from 2040 compared to 2019 and 100% zero-emission urban bus sales from 2035.</p><p>In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency finalised <a href="https://theicct.org/pr-adoption-of-phase-3-greenhouse-gas-rule-for-heavy-duty-vehicles-moves-u-s-closer-to-climate-goals/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">GHG standards for HDVs</a> for model years 2028-2032, which aims to reduce emissions from trucks and heavy buses by 25-60% in 2032 compared to 2026. At a state level the <a href="https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/advanced-clean-fleets/about" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Advanced Clean Fleets</a> and <a href="https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/advanced-clean-trucks" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Advanced Clean Trucks</a> programmes further promote ZEVs.</p><p>Though many countries are setting <a href="https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/global-ev-policy-explorer" rel="noopener noreferrer">ambitious targets</a>, advanced economies could follow the lead of <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_762" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">the European U</a>nion, <a href="https://www.epa.gov/inflation-reduction-act/clean-heavy-duty-vehicle-program#:~:text=The%20Inflation%20Reduction%20Act%20invests,vehicles%20between%20now%20and%202031." rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">United States</a>, and <a href="https://theicct.org/publication/zero-emission-bus-and-truck-market-in-china-2022-update-dec23/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">China</a>, and introduce combinations of regulation and incentives to tackle HDV CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Recent reports by <a href="https://globaldrivetozero.org/publication/2023-multi-country-action-plan-global-mou-zero-emission-medium-heavy-duty-vehicles/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">CALSTART</a> and the <a href="https://theicct.org/publication/zero-emission-integration-in-heavy-duty-vehicle-regulations-a-global-review-and-lessons-for-china/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ICCT</a> provide further details on ZEV policies in the HDV sector.<br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:relatedLink"> <div class="m-block m-block--links"> <div class="m-block__content"> <div class="m-block__links-highlight"> <p class="m-block__links-description f-body">View all road transport policies</p> <ul class="m-block__links"> <li><a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary" href="https://www.iea.org/policies?sector%5B0%5D=Transport&sector%5B1%5D=Road%20transport" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed > <span>Policy and Measures database (PAMS) - Transport</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><title>circle-arrow</title><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </li> <li><a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary" href="https://www.iea.org/policies?topic%5B0%5D=Electrification&topic%5B1%5D=Energy%20Efficiency&topic%5B2%5D=Technology%20R%26D%20and%20innovation" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed > <span>Policy and Measures database (PAMS) - By topic</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><title>circle-arrow</title><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="international-collaboration-748fbc72-b215-11ef-aa48-6045bd192725-content" id="international-collaboration-748fbc72-b215-11ef-aa48-6045bd192725"> International collaboration <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Collaborative efforts are underway to establish global standards and protocols for heavy-duty ZEV infrastructure </p> </div> <div id="international-collaboration-748fbc72-b215-11ef-aa48-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="international-collaboration-748fbc72-b215-11ef-aa48-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Collaborative efforts are underway to establish global standards and protocols for heavy-duty ZEV infrastructure </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Collaboration across leading markets on <a href="https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/regulations-standards-clean-trucks-buses_0.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">heavy-duty ZEV infrastructure</a> is critical for <a href="https://globaldrivetozero.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Moving-Zero-Emission-Freight-Toward-Commercialization.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">encouraging these vehicles’ innovation, accelerating their production</a> and <a href="https://theicct.org/publication/hdv-zevtc-global-may22/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">facilitating their adoption</a>. It is also essential for establishing the interoperability of electric vehicle chargers.</p><p>As of mid-2024, 36 countries – accounting for just over 25% of HDV sales – have endorsed the <a href="https://globaldrivetozero.org/mou-nations/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Global Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Zero-Emission Medium and Heavy-Duty Vehicles</a>. Six countries signed the MoU in 2023 with a further three signing in the first quarter of 2024. Its ambition is for 30% of new truck and bus sales to be ZEVs by 2030 and 100% by 2040, adding to the <a href="https://www.iea.org/articles/global-ev-policy-explorer" rel="noopener noreferrer">push for ZEV deployment</a> in the HDV sector.<br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="private-sector-strategies-748fcac8-b215-11ef-b7d9-6045bd192725-content" id="private-sector-strategies-748fcac8-b215-11ef-b7d9-6045bd192725"> Private sector strategies <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Several large original equipment manufacturers have made commitments that will accelerate the push for net zero </p> </div> <div id="private-sector-strategies-748fcac8-b215-11ef-b7d9-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="private-sector-strategies-748fcac8-b215-11ef-b7d9-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Several large original equipment manufacturers have made commitments that will accelerate the push for net zero </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Launched in 2022, <a href="https://www.theclimategroup.org/creating-market-medium-and-heavy-duty-zero-emission-vehicles" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">EV100+</a> signatories have committed to only procure ZEVs by 2030 and then fully transition their fleet of vehicles over 7.5 t to zero-emission by 2040; founding members include IKEA and Unilever. The <a href="https://www.smartfreightcentre.org/en/fleet-electrification-coalition/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Fleet Electrification Coalition</a> is using the power of demand aggregation to reduce the costs and barriers to widespread adoption of electric trucks, including vehicle purchase and infrastructure rollout. Similarly, the <a href="https://www.weforum.org/press/2022/11/first-movers-coalition-commit-12-billion-to-commercialize-zero-carbon-tech-cut-emissions" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">First Movers Coalition</a> is committed to sustainable purchasing, driving adoption of ZEVs in transport. Finally, the <a href="https://clean-trucking.eu/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">European Clean Trucking Alliance</a> push for stronger sustainable trucking policy.</p><p>Elsewhere, manufacturers, fleet operators, infrastructure providers, and others have signed CALSTART’s <a href="https://globaldrivetozero.org/about/pledge-partners/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Drive to Zero pledge</a>. This pledge commits to enabling and accelerating the growth of ZEVs with the “vision that zero-emission technology will be commercially viable by 2025 and dominate by 2040 in specific vehicle segments.” Truck and bus manufacturers are also recognising the need to kickstart investment in charging infrastructure, with one recent example being <a href="https://milence.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Milence</a>, the independent joint venture established by Traton, Volvo, and Daimler in 2022, which aims to deploy more than 1 700 fast (300 to 350 kW) and ultra-fast (1 MW) charging points across Europe.</p><p>Of the largest HDV OEMs, 21 have made <a href="https://globaldrivetozero.org/publication/analysis-of-public-sales-commitments-of-medium-and-heavy-duty-vehicle-manufacturers-and-expected-volumes/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">commitments to ZEVs and carbon reductions</a>, ranging from a 90% reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in driving operation by 2050, to 90% ZEV sales by 2040, and including five commitments to be free of fossil fuels by 2040. Many of these commitments focus on electrification.<br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="m-energy-recommendations container"> <header class="m-section-title m-section-title--blue m-section-title--no-spacing m-section-title--y-center" > <h2 class="m-section-title__title f-title-6 " > Recommendations </h2> </header> <ol class="m-energy-recommendations__list"> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-226"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">1</span> Enhance heavy-duty ZEV regulations and fleet purchase requirements <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-226" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>Though many countries are setting <a href="https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/global-ev-policy-explorer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ambitious targets</a>, other advanced economies could follow the lead of <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_762" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">the European U</a>nion, <a href="https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/china-hvs-ze-bus-truck-market-2021-jan23.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">China</a>, and <a href="https://www.epa.gov/inflation-reduction-act/clean-heavy-duty-vehicle-program#:~:text=The%20Inflation%20Reduction%20Act%20invests,vehicles%20between%20now%20and%202031." rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">United States</a> and introduce combinations of regulation and incentives to tackle HDV CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.  </p><p>Governments should also lead by example, such as with the <a href="https://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/initiatives-campaigns/electric-vehicles-initiative/?cn-reloaded=1#:~:text=GOVERNMENT%20FLEET%20DECLARATION-,ZERO%2DEMISSION%20GOVERNMENT%20FLEET%20DECLARATION,-Pittsburgh%2C%2023%20September" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Zero Emission Government Fleet Declaration</a>, through which nine leading economies have committed to transition their HDV fleets by no later than 2035. Additional fleet purchase requirements such as the <a href="https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-themes/clean-transport-urban-transport/clean-and-energy-efficient-vehicles/clean-vehicles-directive_en" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Clean Vehicle Directive</a> can also signal to automakers that there is demand for heavy-duty ZEVs.  <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-164"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">2</span> Implement fiscal policies and provide incentives  <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-164" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>Trucks and buses tend to be more sensitive to policies that effect costs such as <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/3/1346" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">fuel taxes</a> and <a href="https://www.eerstekamer.nl/wetsvoorstel/35910_wet_vrachtwagenheffing" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">road pricing</a>, as well as road tolls (such as the recently revised <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2017)614625" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">EU’s Eurovignette Directive</a>), all of which can be used to enhance the attractiveness of ZEVs.  </p><p>Purchase incentives and/or favourable loan terms can also encourage their adoption, as evidenced by <a href="https://californiahvip.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">California’s HVIP scheme</a>, which has funded over 11 000 vehicles to date.  <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-388"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">3</span> Leverage air quality regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from HDVs  <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-388" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>London’s <a href="https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/driving/ultra-low-emission-zone/ulez-where-and-when" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ultra Low Emission Zone</a> ostensibly targets air quality, but the daily fixed charge also encourages ZEV adoption. Similar schemes exist in <a href="https://www.paris.fr/pages/la-zone-a-faibles-emissions-zfe-pour-lutter-contre-la-pollution-de-l-air-16799#:~:text=Initi%C3%A9e%20en%202015%2C%20la%20Zone,5%20et%20Crit'Air%204." rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Paris</a>, <a href="https://www.eltis.org/discover/news/italys-largest-low-emission-zone-area-b-launched-milan" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Milan</a>, <a href="https://www.green-zones.eu/en/blog-news/low-emission-zones-worldwide" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Beijing and other cities</a>, but they can be as simple as differentiated road tolling. More stringent <a href="https://theicct.org/publication/a-global-overview-of-zero-emission-zones-in-cities-and-their-development-progress/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">zero-emission zones</a> are being considered in many places and will further favour ZEVs, as well as improving health outcomes and liveability. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-993"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">4</span> Support a co-ordinated approach to electric charging infrastructure deployment  <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-993" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>High-power charging infrastructure should be deployed by fleet operators and at publicly available stations and along major freight corridors, as in the proposed revisions to the EU’s <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_1867#:~:text=Recharging%20stations%20dedicated,for%20delivery%20vehicles." rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation</a>. This will require coherent, collaborative effort between government and industry, including data sharing.  </p><p>Lead times for medium- and high- voltage lines and substations are long, and so heavy-duty charging needs must be anticipated. Notably, abundant high-power infrastructure can reduce the need for large battery capacities, which can lower vehicle purchase costs and improve vehicle efficiency, in a similar way to electric road schemes.  <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-830"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">5</span> Explore innovative financing models to reduce barriers to adoption  <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-830" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p><a href="https://globaldrivetozero.org/publication/taking-commercial-fleet-electrification-to-scale-financing-barriers-and-solutions/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Financing is a high barrier</a> to ZEV adoption and so manufacturers should explore more innovative financing models. Hyundai has introduced a <a href="https://hyundai-hm.com/en/unser-angebot/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">pay-per-use model</a>, packing the complete service into a flat rate per kilometre. <a href="https://www.pensketruckleasing.com/full-service-leasing/leasing-services/electric-fleets/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Penske</a> and <a href="https://www.scania.com/group/en/home/sustainability/sustainable-transport/electrified-solutions.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Scania</a> have similar leasing options that simplify battery electric vehicle ownership. <a href="https://www.proterra.com/financing-ev-fleets-with-proterra-battery-leasing-program/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Proterra</a> enables electric bus purchase for a price comparable to a fossil-fuelled bus by maintaining ownership of the battery pack. Manufacturers could also <a href="https://www.greenbiz.com/article/what-us-can-learn-china-about-how-leasing-affects-ev-transition" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">lease and manage the vehicles</a> directly. However, as <a href="https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/tco-alt-powertrain-long-haul-trucks-us-apr23.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ZEVs will be cost-competitive</a> in the near-future, it is advisable to begin trialling such vehicles so that companies can gain experience and quickly capitalise on the opportunity as it arrives.  <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ol> <div class="m-energy-recommendations__footer"> <p class="f-ui-1 ">Last update on 2 July 2024</p> <a class="a-link a-link--tertiary " href="#" data-focus-tabbed data-behavior='modal' data-modal='recommendations-authors' role='button' > <span class="a-link__label">Authors and contributors</span></a> </div> </section> </div> <div id="programmes" data-tab-anchor="programmes"> <div class="container"> <header class="m-section-title m-section-title--blue" > <h2 class="m-section-title__title f-title-6 " > Programmes and partnerships </h2> </header> <div class="m-slider m-slider--mobile-nav m-slider--program" data-behavior="slider" data-inViewport-item> <div class="container"> <div class="m-slider__container"> <div class="m-slider__list" data-slider-list role="list"> <div role="listitem" class="m-slider__item"> <a href="https://www.iea.org/about/technology-collaboration/transport" class="m-card-program"> <h3 class="m-card-program__title f-title-9">Transport Technology Collaboration</h3> <p class="m-card-program__desc f-ui-1">The IEA’s transport-related TCP conduct research and analysis on technologies such as fuel cells, EVs and emission reductions in combustion as well as advanced materials and fuels.</p> <span class="m-card-program__tag f-ui-3">Technology Collaboration Programmes (TCP)</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page__section"> <div class="m-animation-reveal" data-behavior="animationReveal" > <div class="m-must-read-report container m-must-read-report--report "> <div class="m-must-read-report__content"> <div class="m-must-read-report__col"> <h3 class="m-must-read-report__title">The Future of Trucks</h3> <p class="m-must-read-report__desc"> The road freight sector is both a key enabler of economic activity and a key source of energy demand, in particular oil.</p> <div class="m-must-read-report__link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--weak a-button-rounded--overlay" href="/reports/the-future-of-trucks" data-focus-tabbed > <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--show-password icon--24"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--show-password"></use></svg></span> <span class="a-button-rounded__label">Read more</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="m-must-read-report__col-report"> <div class="m-must-read-report__report"> <a class="m-card m-card-- 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class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Transitioning India’s Road Transport Sector</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">Realising climate and air quality benefits</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Country report — July 2023 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/a47608e1-4c0e-47d1-ba06-315ea0ed7d5f/GettyImages-1316011939.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C3490%2C2328&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/a47608e1-4c0e-47d1-ba06-315ea0ed7d5f/GettyImages-1316011939.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C3490%2C2328&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/a47608e1-4c0e-47d1-ba06-315ea0ed7d5f/GettyImages-1316011939.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C3490%2C2328&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 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alt="Cover of Transitioning India's Road Transport Sector - A photo of a dark abstract background with bands of colored rays of light moving from the center" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/200470d8-f2b1-445b-843e-6bd2bb86a74e/GEVO2023reportcover_Anelectriccarchargingundersolarpannels.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2109%2C2345%2C2084%2C2817&w=348&h=470&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/200470d8-f2b1-445b-843e-6bd2bb86a74e/GEVO2023reportcover_Anelectriccarchargingundersolarpannels.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2109%2C2345%2C2084%2C2817&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=389 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/200470d8-f2b1-445b-843e-6bd2bb86a74e/GEVO2023reportcover_Anelectriccarchargingundersolarpannels.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2109%2C2345%2C2084%2C2817&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=779 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/200470d8-f2b1-445b-843e-6bd2bb86a74e/GEVO2023reportcover_Anelectriccarchargingundersolarpannels.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2109%2C2345%2C2084%2C2817&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=438 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/200470d8-f2b1-445b-843e-6bd2bb86a74e/GEVO2023reportcover_Anelectriccarchargingundersolarpannels.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2109%2C2345%2C2084%2C2817&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=876 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/200470d8-f2b1-445b-843e-6bd2bb86a74e/GEVO2023reportcover_Anelectriccarchargingundersolarpannels.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2109%2C2345%2C2084%2C2817&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=470 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/200470d8-f2b1-445b-843e-6bd2bb86a74e/GEVO2023reportcover_Anelectriccarchargingundersolarpannels.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2109%2C2345%2C2084%2C2817&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=941 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Gevo 2023 Report Cover An Electric Car Charging Under Solar Pannels" class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Global EV Outlook 2023</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — April 2023 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/commentaries/as-their-sales-continue-to-rise-suvs-global-co2-emissions-are-nearing-1-billion-tonnes" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">As their sales continue to rise, SUVs’ global CO2 emissions are nearing 1 billion tonnes</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <div class="m-card__authors"> <span class="m-author-avatars__imgs"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/f4e1a364-6b83-4c1b-a245-415ab693cd40/LauraCOZZI.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C696%2C696&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Laura Cozzi" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/a1fdfa95-deb7-4119-9e51-1a0ec01b1bd1/Apos2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=36%2C0%2C1156%2C1155&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Apostolos Petropoulos" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/f10a5572-0320-40eb-b0e3-9ae4adb2db24/LeonardoPaoli.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C197%2C2792%2C2789&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Leonardo Paoli" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/92eff7f2-01ad-4fcb-b2af-a64a9301b927/Mathilde_huismans.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=106%2C539%2C2342%2C2346&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Mathilde Huismans" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/00a7f421-770c-4b34-b0d7-126f3e11cf94/Amrita.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C330%2C330&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Amrita Dasgupta" /> </span> </div> <p class="m-card__type"> Commentary — 27 February 2023 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-technology m-card--report-default" href="/reports/the-future-of-trucks" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">The Future of Trucks</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Technology report — July 2017 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/commentaries/the-untapped-potential-of-energy-efficiency" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">The untapped potential of energy efficiency</h2> </div> <div 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for further improvement in other areas</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 23 July 2015 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/clean-energy-innovation-essential-to-meeting-climate-goals" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Clean-energy innovation essential to meeting climate goals</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 04 May 2015 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/iea-encourages-luxembourg-to-push-for-a-smart-sustainable-energy-and-transport-system" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">IEA encourages Luxembourg to push for a smart, sustainable energy and transport system</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 16 July 2014 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/light-tight-oil-does-not-diminish-the-importance-of-middle-east-supply-iea-says-in-latest-world-energy-outlook" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Light tight oil does not diminish the importance of Middle East supply, IEA says in latest World Energy Outlook</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 12 November 2013 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item 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