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X/Open — Wikipédia

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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_également"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir également</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voir_également-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">X/Open</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 14 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1753881#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/X/Open" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussion:X/Open&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu (page inexistante) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/X/Open"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/X/Open"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/X/Open" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/X/Open" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;oldid=203302819" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&amp;page=X%2FOpen&amp;id=203302819&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FX%2FOpen"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FX%2FOpen"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=X%2FOpen"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=X%2FOpen&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1753881" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"><div class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#323996;color:#FFF"><div>X/Open</div></div><table><caption style="color:#FFF;text-align:center;background-color:#323996">Histoire</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Fondation</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p571"><time datetime="1984" data-sort-value="1984" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a></time><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753881?uselang=fr#P571" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Successeur</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p1366"><a href="/wiki/Open_Group" title="Open Group">Open Group</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753881?uselang=fr#P1366" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#FFF;text-align:center;background-color:#323996">Cadre</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Type</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p31"><a href="/wiki/Consortium" title="Consortium">Consortium</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753881?uselang=fr#P31" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Pays</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p17"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France_(1976%E2%80%932020).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753881?uselang=fr#P17" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#FFF;text-align:center;background-color:#323996">Organisation</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Site web</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p856"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architecture-forum.org/">www.architecture-forum.org</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753881?uselang=fr#P856" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar noprint bordered navigation-not-searchable" style="border-top:1px solid #323996"><span class="plainlinks" style="text-align:left"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X%2FOpen&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X%2FOpen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753881" class="extiw" title="d:Q1753881">modifier Wikidata</a></span><span style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Organisation2" title="Documentation du modèle"><img alt="Documentation du modèle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></p></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Consortium" title="Consortium">consortium</a> <b>X/Open Company, Ltd.</b> a été formé en 1984 à l’initiative de plusieurs distributeurs européens de <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">systèmes UNIX</a>, dans le but de faire reconnaître les <a href="/wiki/Format_ouvert" title="Format ouvert">standards ouverts</a> du domaine des <a href="/wiki/Technologies_de_l%27information" class="mw-redirect" title="Technologies de l&#39;information">technologies de l'information</a>. Plus précisément, il s'agissait d'élaborer une spécification commune aux <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27exploitation" title="Système d&#39;exploitation">systèmes d'exploitation</a> dérivés d'UNIX, pour améliorer l’<a href="/wiki/Interop%C3%A9rabilit%C3%A9_en_informatique" title="Interopérabilité en informatique">interopérabilité des applications</a> et diminuer les coûts de <a href="/wiki/Portage_informatique" title="Portage informatique">portage informatique</a>. </p><p>X/Open a défendu la <a href="/wiki/Marque_d%C3%A9pos%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Marque déposée">marque déposée</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a></i> entre 1993 et 1996, date à laquelle elle fusionna avec l’<a href="/wiki/Open_Software_Foundation" title="Open Software Foundation">Open Software Foundation</a> pour donner naissance à <i><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Open Group">The Open Group</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Historique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Historique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ses membres fondateurs étaient <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe Bull">Bull</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Computers_Limited" title="International Computers Limited">ICL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens AG">Siemens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olivetti" title="Olivetti">Olivetti</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nixdorf_Computer" title="Nixdorf Computer">Nixdorf</a> (parfois désignés sous l'acronyme <b>BISON</b>). <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> et <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> les rejoignirent peu après, et l'on adopta alors le nom de «&#160;X/Open&#160;». </p><p>Le consortium a fait paraître ses spécifications sous le titre <i><a href="#Ses_réalisations">X/Open Portability Guide</a></i> (en abrégé XPG). Le tome 1, publié un an après la formation du groupe de travail (1985), recouvre les interfaces de base des systèmes d'exploitation&#160;; le tome 2 (paru en 1987) aborde les problématiques d'internationalisation, d'interfaces pour terminaux, les communications inter-processus et les <a href="/wiki/Langages_de_programmation" class="mw-redirect" title="Langages de programmation">langages de programmation</a> compilés <a href="/wiki/C_(langage)" title="C (langage)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/COBOL" class="mw-redirect" title="COBOL">COBOL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> et <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(langage)" title="Pascal (langage)">Pascal</a>, et enfin les requêtes SQL et ISAM. Dans la plupart des cas, il ne s'agissait que d'identifier les traits communs aux standards internationaux déjà existants. Le tome 3 (XPG3), publié en 1988, tentait d'établir une convergence avec les normes <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> certifiées par l'IEEE américaine. Ce volume est, de loin, celui de l’organisation X/Open qui a reçu la plus grande audience. </p><p>En 1990, le groupe s'était étendu à 21 membres&#160;: outre les cinq fondateurs, il y avait désormais les Européens <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>&#160;; <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="AT&amp;T Corporation">AT&amp;T Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">Unisys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" title="NCR Corporation">NCR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Computer" title="Prime Computer">Prime Computer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Computer" title="Apollo Computer">Apollo Computer</a> d'Amérique du Nord&#160;; les Japonais <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a> et <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a>&#160;; plus l’<a href="/wiki/Open_Software_Foundation" title="Open Software Foundation">Open Software Foundation</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix_International&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Unix International (page inexistante)">Unix International</a>. </p><p>X/Open a défendu la <a href="/wiki/Marque_d%C3%A9pos%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Marque déposée">marque déposée</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a></i> entre 1993 et 1996, date à laquelle elle fusionna avec l’<a href="/wiki/Open_Software_Foundation" title="Open Software Foundation">Open Software Foundation</a> pour donner naissance à <i><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Open Group">The Open Group</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ses_réalisations"><span id="Ses_r.C3.A9alisations"></span>Ses réalisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Ses réalisations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Ses réalisations"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’<i>X/Open Portability Guide</i> a valeur de norme pour les systèmes UNIX publiés à l’origine par X/Open Company Ltd. Elle couvre davantage d'aspects que la norme <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>, qui ne traite que des interfaces directes. </p><p>Le <i>Portability Guide</i> spécifie un environnement d'application commun (CAE) censé permettre la portabilité des applications sur différents systèmes d'exploitation. Il s'agissait d'assurer la compatibilité entre les différentes «&#160;implémentations constructeur&#160;» d’<a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a>, bien que certains constructeurs informatiques en aient appliqués les principes pour des plates-formes non-UNIX. Les cahiers XPG3 et XPG4, parus respectivement en 1989 et en 1992, abordent tous les aspects des systèmes d'exploitation, des langages de programmation et des protocoles auxquels les systèmes réputés compatibles doivent se plier. </p><p>L'ultime tome du <i>X Portabilité Guide</i>, le tome 4 (<i>Common Applications Environment Specification Issue 4</i>, ou CAE4), a été publié au mois de <time class="nowrap" datetime="1992-07" data-sort-value="1992-07">juillet 1992</time> par <i>The Open Group</i>. La <i><a href="/wiki/Single_UNIX_Specification" title="Single UNIX Specification">Single UNIX Specification</a></i> reprend les directives du standard XPG4. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sommaire_du_XPG4">Sommaire du XPG4</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Sommaire du XPG4" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Sommaire du XPG4"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le XPG4 comprend trois chapitres&#160;: </p> <ul><li><i>System Interfaces and Headers</i> (XSH), <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1-872630-47-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1-872630-47-2"><span class="nowrap">1-872630-47-2</span></a>)</small>, C202</li> <li><i>Commands and Utilities</i> (XCU), <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1-872630-48-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1-872630-48-0"><span class="nowrap">1-872630-48-0</span></a>)</small>, C203</li> <li><i>System Interface Definitions</i> (XBD), <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1-872630-46-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1-872630-46-4"><span class="nowrap">1-872630-46-4</span></a>)</small>, C204</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Jørn_Simonsen"><span class="ouvrage" id="Keld_Jørn_Simonsen">Keld Jørn Simonsen, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/net.usenix/msg/638f079a0dad4802?dmode=source&amp;output=gplain&amp;noredirect"><cite style="font-style:normal;">EUUG 1985 Copenhagen Conference Technical Programme</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">net.usenix</span></span></span>&#160;: mentionne X/Open; énumère les membres et leurs tentatives de définir "un nouveau standard d'interface pour UNIX".</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Virgilio_Pasquali2005"><span class="nom_auteur">Virgilio Pasquali</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal">ICL and Europe</cite>&#160;», <i>RESURRECTION, The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;35,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="2005" data-sort-value="2005">été 2005</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res35.htm#g">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=ICL+and+Europe&amp;rft.jtitle=RESURRECTION%2C+The+Bulletin+of+the+Computer+Conservation+Society&amp;rft.issue=35&amp;rft.aulast=Virgilio+Pasquali&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.man.ac.uk%2FCCS%2Fres%2Fres35.htm%23g&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen"></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="C._B._Taylor1987"><span class="nom_auteur">C. B. Taylor</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal">C. B. Taylor. The X/OPEN group and the common application environment</cite>&#160;», <i>ICL Technical Journal</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;5, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;4,&#8206; <time>1987</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">665–679</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=C.+B.+Taylor.+The+X%2FOPEN+group+and+the+common+application+environment&amp;rft.jtitle=ICL+Technical+Journal&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.aulast=C.+B.+Taylor&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft.pages=665%E2%80%93679&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen"></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="C._B._Taylor1991"><span class="nom_auteur">C. B. Taylor</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal">X/Open - from Strength to Strength</cite>&#160;», <i>ICL Technical Journal</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;7, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;3,&#8206; <time>1991</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">565–583</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=X%2FOpen+-+from+Strength+to+Strength&amp;rft.jtitle=ICL+Technical+Journal&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.aulast=C.+B.+Taylor&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft.pages=565%E2%80%93583&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen"></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="C._B._Taylor1992"><span class="nom_auteur">C. B. Taylor</span>, <cite class="italique">X/Open and Open Systems</cite>, X/Open Company Limited, <time>1992</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1-872630-55-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1-872630-55-3"><span class="nowrap">1-872630-55-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=X%2FOpen+and+Open+Systems&amp;rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company+Limited&amp;rft.aulast=C.+B.+Taylor&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.isbn=1-872630-55-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen"></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_également"><span id="Voir_.C3.A9galement"></span>Voir également</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Voir également" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir également"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">«&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open?oldid=636226524">X/Open</a>&#160;» <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open?action=history">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opengroup.org/"><i>The OpenGroup</i>, alias <i>X/Open Company</i></a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix.html">A History of Unix</a></i></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Informatique" title="Portail de l’informatique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Circle-icons-computer.svg/24px-Circle-icons-computer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Circle-icons-computer.svg/36px-Circle-icons-computer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Circle-icons-computer.svg/48px-Circle-icons-computer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Informatique" title="Portail:Informatique">Portail de l’informatique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Management" title="Portail du management"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sierpinski_arrowhead_3d_stage_5.png/24px-Sierpinski_arrowhead_3d_stage_5.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sierpinski_arrowhead_3d_stage_5.png/35px-Sierpinski_arrowhead_3d_stage_5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sierpinski_arrowhead_3d_stage_5.png/47px-Sierpinski_arrowhead_3d_stage_5.png 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="371" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Management" title="Portail:Management">Portail du management</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐74cc59cb9d‐6t4gq Cached time: 20241128102039 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.319 seconds Real time usage: 0.461 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 635/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21496/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 507/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.252/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4563980/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 27/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 422.518 1 -total 79.61% 336.373 1 Modèle:Infobox_Organisation2 7.56% 31.927 3 Modèle:Article 5.17% 21.857 1 Modèle:Portail 2.46% 10.411 3 Modèle:ISBN 1.60% 6.773 1 Modèle:Traduction/Référence 1.49% 6.287 1 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