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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Phi Delta Phi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ΦΔΦ</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDP-coa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Coat of Arms of Phi Delta Phi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/PDP-coa.png/200px-PDP-coa.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/PDP-coa.png 1.5x" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">December 13, 1869<span class="noprint">; 154 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1869-12-13</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Law_School" title="University of Michigan Law School">University of Michigan Law School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Honor society (formerly professional fraternity until 2012)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data">Independent</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Former Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Professional_Fraternity_Association" title="Professional Fraternity Association">PFA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Scope</th><td class="infobox-data">International</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">"Friends of Justice and Wisdom"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B3423C; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">Garnet</a> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#AEBAC1; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pearl_(color)" title="Pearl (color)">Pearl Blue</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">Owl and Skull</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%27G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Jacqueminot%27" title="Rosa 'Général Jacqueminot'">Jacqueminot Rose</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>The Brief</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chapters</th><td class="infobox-data">131</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th><td class="infobox-data">200,000+ lifetime</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="street-address">1426 21st Street NW</span><br /><span class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a></span>, <span class="region"><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">DC</a></span><span class="region"> 20036-5947</span><br /> <span class="country-name">United States</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phideltaphi.org/">www<wbr />.phideltaphi<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Phi Delta Phi</b> (<b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ΦΔΦ</span></span></b>), commonly known as Phid or PDP, is an international legal <a href="/wiki/Honor_society" title="Honor society">honor society</a> and the oldest legal organization in continuous existence in the United States. Founded in 1869 at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Professional_fraternities_and_sororities" title="Professional fraternities and sororities">professional fraternity</a>, it was designated as an honor society in 2012. It is considered among the world's most prestigious professional organizations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Your explanation here (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Phi Delta Phi is organized by two branches: legal honor societies and pre-law societies. The legal honor societies, called Inns, are located at law schools. The pre-law societies, called Halls, are for undergraduate membership at U.S. colleges and universities. </p><p>With a total membership of over 200,000 people, members of Phi Delta Phi include five <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. presidents</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">U.S. vice presidents</a>, 14 <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court justices</a>, and numerous <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">members of Congress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> members, and <a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_of_the_United_States" title="Ambassadors of the United States">ambassadors</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phi_Delta_Phi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phi_Delta_Phi_Fraternity_House,_University_of_Michigan,_Ann_Arbor,_Michigan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Phi_Delta_Phi_Fraternity_House%2C_University_of_Michigan%2C_Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan.JPG/224px-Phi_Delta_Phi_Fraternity_House%2C_University_of_Michigan%2C_Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan.JPG" decoding="async" width="224" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Phi_Delta_Phi_Fraternity_House%2C_University_of_Michigan%2C_Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan.JPG/336px-Phi_Delta_Phi_Fraternity_House%2C_University_of_Michigan%2C_Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Phi_Delta_Phi_Fraternity_House%2C_University_of_Michigan%2C_Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan.JPG/448px-Phi_Delta_Phi_Fraternity_House%2C_University_of_Michigan%2C_Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5139" data-file-height="3231" /></a><figcaption>Phi Delta Phi fraternity house built in 1917 located at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Phi Delta Phi was founded on December 13, 1869 at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Law_School" title="University of Michigan Law School">University of Michigan Law School</a> by John M. Howard, a first year law student. Howard was a graduate of <a href="/wiki/Monmouth_College" title="Monmouth College">Monmouth College</a> and member of <a href="/wiki/Phi_Gamma_Delta" title="Phi Gamma Delta">Phi Gamma Delta</a>, referred to as Fiji. His initial intent was to found a chapter of Fiji at Michigan, but he did not follow through with the plan because of the large number of chapters already in place on the campus. Howard instead turned his efforts toward founding a fraternity devoted purely to students of the legal profession.<sup id="cite_ref-Baird's_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baird's-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-York_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-York-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phi Delta Phi Inns have occasionally leased or owned residential buildings or secured meeting spaces, often adjacent to law libraries. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, when law school admissions enrollments virtually ceased, all of the Inns remained active on a restricted basis. </p><p>The first international unit of the fraternity was the Weldon Inn, chartered in 1925 at <a href="/wiki/Dalhousie_University" title="Dalhousie University">Dalhousie University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>. The first unit in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, the Velasco Inn, was chartered in 1973 at the <a href="/wiki/Escuela_Libre_de_Derecho" title="Escuela Libre de Derecho">Escuela Libre de Derecho</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baird's_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baird's-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first unit in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Herzog" title="Roman Herzog">Roman Herzog</a> Inn, was chartered in 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Bucerius_Law_School" title="Bucerius Law School">Bucerius Law School</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>. </p><p>After 140 years of operation as a <a href="/wiki/Professional_fraternity" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional fraternity">professional fraternity</a>, the fraternity was designated as an <a href="/wiki/Honor_society" title="Honor society">honor society</a> in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year the fraternity began chartering Halls as undergraduate pre-law chapters.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chapters">Chapters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phi_Delta_Phi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chapters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Phi_Delta_Phi_chapters" title="List of Phi Delta Phi chapters">List of Phi Delta Phi chapters</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inns">Inns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phi_Delta_Phi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Inns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Phi Delta Phi has 131 active chapters known as Inns. Each Inn is named for a noted jurist or member of the <a href="/wiki/State_bar_association" title="State bar association">bar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baird's_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baird's-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the most notable chapters in the U.S. include the founder, Kent Inn at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Law_School" title="University of Michigan Law School">Michigan</a>, Gibson-Alexander Inn at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Law_School" title="University of Pennsylvania Law School">Penn</a>, Story Inn at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_School" title="Columbia Law School">Columbia</a>, Choate Inn art <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard</a>, Waite Inn at <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale</a>, Conkling Inn at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Law_School" title="Cornell Law School">Cornell</a>, Miller Inn at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Law_School" title="Stanford Law School">Stanford</a>, Douglas Inn at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_School" title="University of Chicago Law School">University of Chicago</a>, Minor Inn at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia_School_of_Law" title="University of Virginia School of Law">Virginia</a>, Malone Inn at <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University_Law_School" title="Vanderbilt University Law School">Vanderbilt</a>, Vance Inn at <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_School_of_Law" title="University of North Carolina School of Law">North Carolina</a>, Booth Inn at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University_Pritzker_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law">Northwestern</a>, Hughes Inn at <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_School_of_Law" title="Duke University School of Law">Duke</a>, Scott Inn at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Law_Center" title="Georgetown University Law Center">Georgetown</a>, Jones Inn at the <a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley_School_of_Law" title="UC Berkeley School of Law">University of California, Berkeley</a>, Ruffin Inn at <a href="/wiki/Wake_Forest_University_School_of_Law" title="Wake Forest University School of Law">Wake Forest</a>, and Lamar Inn at <a href="/wiki/Emory_University_School_of_Law" title="Emory University School of Law">Emory</a>. </p><p>Phi Delta Phi Inns are also located in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. Notable international Inns include Santos Theriot Inn at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Monterrey" title="University of Monterrey">University of Monterrey</a>, Cabrera Inn at <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Iberoamericana" title="Universidad Iberoamericana">Universidad Iberoamericana</a>, Palacios Macedo Inn at <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Tecnol%C3%B3gico_Aut%C3%B3nomo_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México">Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México</a>, Martland Inn at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ottawa" title="University of Ottawa">University of Ottawa</a>, Weizsäcker Inn at <a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">University of Tübingen</a>, and Hoffman-Becking Inn at <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University Frankfurt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halls">Halls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phi_Delta_Phi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Halls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The honor society has numerous undergraduate chapters, called Halls. Some of the Halls are located at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Penn State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois Urbana Champaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Loyola_Marymount_University" title="Loyola Marymount University">Loyola Marymount University</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phi_Delta_Phi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Phi_Delta_Phi_members" title="List of Phi Delta Phi members">List of Phi Delta Phi members</a></div> <p><br /> </p><p> Over more than one and a half centuries, Phi Delta Phi members have contributed significantly to various areas, specifically the law and politics. Phi Delta Phi's affiliates include five <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. presidents</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">U.S. vice presidents</a>, and fourteen <a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">Supreme Court justices</a>. </p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Notable Phi Delta Phi members include:</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mckinley.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="25th President of the United States William McKinley"><img alt="25th President of the United States William McKinley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mckinley.jpg/97px-Mckinley.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mckinley.jpg/145px-Mckinley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mckinley.jpg/193px-Mckinley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="2812" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">25th President of the United States <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Theodore_Roosevelt,_1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="26th President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt"><img alt="26th President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg/91px-President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg/136px-President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg/182px-President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2842" data-file-height="3751" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">26th President of the United States <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Howard_Taft.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="27th President of the United States William H. Taft"><img alt="27th President of the United States William H. Taft" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/William_Howard_Taft.jpg/93px-William_Howard_Taft.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/William_Howard_Taft.jpg/139px-William_Howard_Taft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/William_Howard_Taft.jpg/185px-William_Howard_Taft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="1197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">27th President of the United States <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William H. Taft</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Franklin_D._Roosevelt_1936_june.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="32nd President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt"><img alt="32nd President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_1936_june.jpg/96px-Franklin_D._Roosevelt_1936_june.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_1936_june.jpg/144px-Franklin_D._Roosevelt_1936_june.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_1936_june.jpg/191px-Franklin_D._Roosevelt_1936_june.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4790" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">32nd President of the United States <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="38th President of the United States Gerald Ford"><img alt="38th President of the United States Gerald Ford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/96px-Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/144px-Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/193px-Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2741" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">38th President of the United States <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senator Robert F. Kennedy"><img alt="United States Senator Robert F. Kennedy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg/96px-Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg/144px-Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg/191px-Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="470" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">United States Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:42_Walter_Mondale_3x4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="42nd Vice President of the United States Walter Mondale"><img alt="42nd Vice President of the United States Walter Mondale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/42_Walter_Mondale_3x4.jpg/97px-42_Walter_Mondale_3x4.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/42_Walter_Mondale_3x4.jpg/145px-42_Walter_Mondale_3x4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/42_Walter_Mondale_3x4.jpg/193px-42_Walter_Mondale_3x4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="854" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">42nd Vice President of the United States <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dan_Quayle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="44th Vice President of the United States Dan Quayle"><img alt="44th Vice President of the United States Dan Quayle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dan_Quayle.jpg/85px-Dan_Quayle.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dan_Quayle.jpg/127px-Dan_Quayle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dan_Quayle.jpg/170px-Dan_Quayle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">44th Vice President of the United States <a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Associate Justice of the United States Thurgood Marshall"><img alt="Associate Justice of the United States Thurgood Marshall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg/95px-Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg/143px-Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg/191px-Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Associate Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandra_Day_O%27Connor_Official_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Associate Justice of the United States Sandra Day O'Connor"><img alt="Associate Justice of the United States Sandra Day O'Connor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor_Official_Portrait.jpg/94px-Sandra_Day_O%27Connor_Official_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor_Official_Portrait.jpg/141px-Sandra_Day_O%27Connor_Official_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor_Official_Portrait.jpg/188px-Sandra_Day_O%27Connor_Official_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2349" data-file-height="2990" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Associate Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Earl_Warren.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chief Justice of the United States Earl Warren"><img alt="Chief Justice of the United States Earl Warren" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Earl_Warren.jpg/96px-Earl_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Earl_Warren.jpg/144px-Earl_Warren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Earl_Warren.jpg/192px-Earl_Warren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chief Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Rehnquist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chief Justice of the United States William Rehnquist"><img alt="Chief Justice of the United States William Rehnquist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/William_Rehnquist.jpg/93px-William_Rehnquist.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/William_Rehnquist.jpg/140px-William_Rehnquist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/William_Rehnquist.jpg/186px-William_Rehnquist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="393" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chief Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthony_Kennedy_official_SCOTUS_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Associate Justice of the United States Anthony Kennedy"><img alt="Associate Justice of the United States Anthony Kennedy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Anthony_Kennedy_official_SCOTUS_portrait.jpg/94px-Anthony_Kennedy_official_SCOTUS_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Anthony_Kennedy_official_SCOTUS_portrait.jpg/142px-Anthony_Kennedy_official_SCOTUS_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Anthony_Kennedy_official_SCOTUS_portrait.jpg/189px-Anthony_Kennedy_official_SCOTUS_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2297" data-file-height="2919" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Associate Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonin_Scalia_Official_SCOTUS_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Associate Justice of the United States Antonin Scalia"><img alt="Associate Justice of the United States Antonin Scalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Antonin_Scalia_Official_SCOTUS_Portrait.jpg/96px-Antonin_Scalia_Official_SCOTUS_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Antonin_Scalia_Official_SCOTUS_Portrait.jpg/144px-Antonin_Scalia_Official_SCOTUS_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Antonin_Scalia_Official_SCOTUS_Portrait.jpg/192px-Antonin_Scalia_Official_SCOTUS_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Associate Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chief Justice of the United States Charles Evans Hughes"><img alt="Chief Justice of the United States Charles Evans Hughes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg/93px-Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg/140px-Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg/187px-Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1153" data-file-height="1479" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chief Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Associate Justice of the United States Benjamin N. Cardozo"><img alt="Associate Justice of the United States Benjamin N. Cardozo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg/86px-Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg/128px-Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg/171px-Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Associate Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_N._Cardozo" title="Benjamin N. Cardozo">Benjamin N. Cardozo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Owen_Josephus_Roberts_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Associate Justice of the United States Owen Roberts"><img alt="Associate Justice of the United States Owen Roberts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Owen_Josephus_Roberts_portrait.jpg/102px-Owen_Josephus_Roberts_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Owen_Josephus_Roberts_portrait.jpg/154px-Owen_Josephus_Roberts_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Owen_Josephus_Roberts_portrait.jpg/205px-Owen_Josephus_Roberts_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="997" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Associate Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/Owen_Roberts" title="Owen Roberts">Owen Roberts</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Associate Justice of the United States Hugo Black"><img alt="Associate Justice of the United States Hugo Black" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg/95px-HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg/143px-HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg/190px-HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1219" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Associate Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Black" title="Hugo Black">Hugo Black</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Supreme_Court_Justice_Lewis_Powell_-_1976_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Associate Justice of the United States Lewis F. Powell, Jr."><img alt="Associate Justice of the United States Lewis F. Powell, Jr." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/US_Supreme_Court_Justice_Lewis_Powell_-_1976_official_portrait.jpg/92px-US_Supreme_Court_Justice_Lewis_Powell_-_1976_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/US_Supreme_Court_Justice_Lewis_Powell_-_1976_official_portrait.jpg/138px-US_Supreme_Court_Justice_Lewis_Powell_-_1976_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/US_Supreme_Court_Justice_Lewis_Powell_-_1976_official_portrait.jpg/185px-US_Supreme_Court_Justice_Lewis_Powell_-_1976_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="1393" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Associate Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Powell_Jr." title="Lewis F. Powell Jr.">Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Justice_White_Official.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Associate Justice of the United States Byron White"><img alt="Associate Justice of the United States Byron White" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Justice_White_Official.jpg/92px-Justice_White_Official.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Justice_White_Official.jpg/139px-Justice_White_Official.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Justice_White_Official.jpg/185px-Justice_White_Official.jpg 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Associate Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/Byron_White" title="Byron White">Byron White</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Paul_Stevens,_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Associate Justice of the United States John Paul Stevens"><img alt="Associate Justice of the United States John Paul Stevens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/John_Paul_Stevens%2C_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg/96px-John_Paul_Stevens%2C_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/John_Paul_Stevens%2C_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg/144px-John_Paul_Stevens%2C_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/John_Paul_Stevens%2C_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg/192px-John_Paul_Stevens%2C_SCOTUS_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Associate Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">John Paul Stevens</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rayburn-Sam-LOC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="43rd Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives Sam Rayburn"><img alt="43rd Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives Sam Rayburn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Rayburn-Sam-LOC.jpg/92px-Rayburn-Sam-LOC.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Rayburn-Sam-LOC.jpg/139px-Rayburn-Sam-LOC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Rayburn-Sam-LOC.jpg/185px-Rayburn-Sam-LOC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="1253" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">43rd Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Sam Rayburn</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Howard_Baker.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senator Howard Baker"><img alt="United States Senator Howard Baker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Howard_Baker.jpg/96px-Howard_Baker.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Howard_Baker.jpg/144px-Howard_Baker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Howard_Baker.jpg/192px-Howard_Baker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="5000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">United States Senator <a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Fmr._Senator_Birch_Bayh_of_Indiana,_1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senator Birch Bayh"><img alt="United States Senator Birch Bayh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Portrait_of_Fmr._Senator_Birch_Bayh_of_Indiana%2C_1987.jpg/86px-Portrait_of_Fmr._Senator_Birch_Bayh_of_Indiana%2C_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Portrait_of_Fmr._Senator_Birch_Bayh_of_Indiana%2C_1987.jpg/129px-Portrait_of_Fmr._Senator_Birch_Bayh_of_Indiana%2C_1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Portrait_of_Fmr._Senator_Birch_Bayh_of_Indiana%2C_1987.jpg/172px-Portrait_of_Fmr._Senator_Birch_Bayh_of_Indiana%2C_1987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1410" data-file-height="1963" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">United States Senator <a href="/wiki/Birch_Bayh" title="Birch Bayh">Birch Bayh</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Inouye,_official_Senate_photo_portrait,_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senator Daniel Inouye"><img alt="United States Senator Daniel Inouye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Daniel_Inouye%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait%2C_2008.jpg/96px-Daniel_Inouye%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait%2C_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Daniel_Inouye%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait%2C_2008.jpg/144px-Daniel_Inouye%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait%2C_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Daniel_Inouye%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait%2C_2008.jpg/192px-Daniel_Inouye%2C_official_Senate_photo_portrait%2C_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">United States Senator <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Daniel Inouye</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scoop_Jackson_(D-WA)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senator Henry M. Jackson"><img alt="United States Senator Henry M. Jackson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Scoop_Jackson_%28D-WA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Scoop_Jackson_%28D-WA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Scoop_Jackson_%28D-WA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Scoop_Jackson_%28D-WA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Scoop_Jackson_%28D-WA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Scoop_Jackson_%28D-WA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1245" data-file-height="1659" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">United States Senator <a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. Jackson</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patrick_Leahy_117th_Congress.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senator Patrick Leahy"><img alt="United States Senator Patrick Leahy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Patrick_Leahy_117th_Congress.jpeg/96px-Patrick_Leahy_117th_Congress.jpeg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Patrick_Leahy_117th_Congress.jpeg/144px-Patrick_Leahy_117th_Congress.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Patrick_Leahy_117th_Congress.jpeg/192px-Patrick_Leahy_117th_Congress.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">United States Senator <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_officiel_de_William_French_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="74th United States Attorney General William French Smith"><img alt="74th United States Attorney General William French Smith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Portrait_officiel_de_William_French_Smith.jpg/97px-Portrait_officiel_de_William_French_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Portrait_officiel_de_William_French_Smith.jpg/146px-Portrait_officiel_de_William_French_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Portrait_officiel_de_William_French_Smith.jpg/195px-Portrait_officiel_de_William_French_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="302" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">74th United States Attorney General <a href="/wiki/William_French_Smith" title="William French Smith">William French Smith</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edwin_Meese_III_Attorney_General_portrait_(cropped1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="75th United States Attorney General Edwin Meese"><img alt="75th United States Attorney General Edwin Meese" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Edwin_Meese_III_Attorney_General_portrait_%28cropped1%29.jpg/91px-Edwin_Meese_III_Attorney_General_portrait_%28cropped1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Edwin_Meese_III_Attorney_General_portrait_%28cropped1%29.jpg/137px-Edwin_Meese_III_Attorney_General_portrait_%28cropped1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Edwin_Meese_III_Attorney_General_portrait_%28cropped1%29.jpg/182px-Edwin_Meese_III_Attorney_General_portrait_%28cropped1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="658" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">75th United States Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Edwin Meese</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adlai_Stevenson_II_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="31st Governor of Illinois Adlai Stevenson II"><img alt="31st Governor of Illinois Adlai Stevenson II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Adlai_Stevenson_II_%281%29.jpg/96px-Adlai_Stevenson_II_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Adlai_Stevenson_II_%281%29.jpg/144px-Adlai_Stevenson_II_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Adlai_Stevenson_II_%281%29.jpg/192px-Adlai_Stevenson_II_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">31st Governor of Illinois <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Bork.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Solicitor General of the United States Robert Bork"><img alt="Solicitor General of the United States Robert Bork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Robert_Bork.jpg/94px-Robert_Bork.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Robert_Bork.jpg/141px-Robert_Bork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Robert_Bork.jpg/187px-Robert_Bork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Solicitor General of the United States <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Robert Bork</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenneth_W._Starr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Solicitor General of the United States Ken Starr"><img alt="Solicitor General of the United States Ken Starr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kenneth_W._Starr.jpg/90px-Kenneth_W._Starr.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kenneth_W._Starr.jpg/135px-Kenneth_W._Starr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kenneth_W._Starr.jpg/180px-Kenneth_W._Starr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Solicitor General of the United States <a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leon_Jaworski.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Watergate scandal special prosecutor Leon Jaworski"><img alt="Watergate scandal special prosecutor Leon Jaworski" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Leon_Jaworski.jpeg/98px-Leon_Jaworski.jpeg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Leon_Jaworski.jpeg/146px-Leon_Jaworski.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Leon_Jaworski.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Watergate scandal special prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Leon_Jaworski" title="Leon Jaworski">Leon Jaworski</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pamela_Lynn_Carter_(born_1949)_at_World_Economic_Forum_Davos_2023.png" class="mw-file-description" title="38th Indiana Attorney General Pamela Carter"><img alt="38th Indiana Attorney General Pamela Carter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pamela_Lynn_Carter_%28born_1949%29_at_World_Economic_Forum_Davos_2023.png/111px-Pamela_Lynn_Carter_%28born_1949%29_at_World_Economic_Forum_Davos_2023.png" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pamela_Lynn_Carter_%28born_1949%29_at_World_Economic_Forum_Davos_2023.png/167px-Pamela_Lynn_Carter_%28born_1949%29_at_World_Economic_Forum_Davos_2023.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pamela_Lynn_Carter_%28born_1949%29_at_World_Economic_Forum_Davos_2023.png/222px-Pamela_Lynn_Carter_%28born_1949%29_at_World_Economic_Forum_Davos_2023.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="491" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">38th Indiana Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Carter" title="Pamela Carter">Pamela Carter</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phi_Delta_Phi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Baird's-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baird's_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baird's_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baird's_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnsonMarchenasi1991" class="citation book cs1">Anson, Jack L.; Marchenasi, Robert F., eds. (1991) [1879]. <i>Baird's Manual of American Fraternities</i> (20th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. p. V-39–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0963715906" title="Special:BookSources/978-0963715906"><bdi>978-0963715906</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baird%27s+Manual+of+American+Fraternities&rft.place=Indianapolis%2C+IN&rft.pages=V-39-41&rft.edition=20th&rft.pub=Baird%27s+Manual+Foundation%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0963715906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhi+Delta+Phi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-York-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-York_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYork1952" class="citation journal cs1">York, Kenneth H. (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/1284939">"Legal Fraternities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Michigan Law Review</i>. <b>50</b> (7). The Michigan Law Review Association: 1047–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1284939">10.2307/1284939</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1284939">1284939</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Michigan+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Legal+Fraternities&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1047-56&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1284939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1284939%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=York&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F1284939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhi+Delta+Phi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Explained more fully in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phideltaphi.org/about/our-history/">the Fraternity's historical record</a>, accessed 24 oct 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lawcrossing.com/article/2737/The-Three-Major-Legal-Fraternities/">The Three Major Legal Fraternities and Why You May Want to Join One</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noted in the Fraternity's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phideltaphi.org/membership/chapters/">List of Chapters</a>, accessed 24 Oct 2021.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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Law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Greek_Letter_Organizations_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Greek Letter Organizations Law (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_Letter_Organizations_Law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek Letter Organizations Law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greek_Letter_Organizations_in_the_field_of_Law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Greek Letter Organizations in the field of Law</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founded as Professional Fraternities and Sororities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Theta_Phi" title="Delta Theta Phi">Delta Theta Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Eta_Gamma" title="Gamma Eta Gamma">Gamma Eta Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Pi_(professional)" title="Kappa Alpha Pi (professional)">Kappa Alpha Pi</a> (pre-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Beta_Pi" title="Kappa Beta Pi">Kappa Beta Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_Beta_Epsilon" title="Nu Beta Epsilon">Nu Beta Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Alpha_Delta" title="Phi Alpha Delta">Phi Alpha Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Gamma" title="Phi Beta Gamma">Phi Beta Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Delta_Delta" title="Phi Delta Delta">Phi Delta Delta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Phi Delta Phi</a> (law and pre-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Delta_Kappa" title="Sigma Delta Kappa">Sigma Delta Kappa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founded as Honor Societies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Coif" title="Order of the Coif">Order of the Coif</a> (law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_of_Barristers" title="The Order of Barristers">The Order of Barristers</a> (law; litigation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Sigma" title="Alpha Phi Sigma">Alpha Phi Sigma</a> (criminal justice)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Epsilon_Chi" title="Lambda Epsilon Chi">Lambda Epsilon Chi</a> (paralegal)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Professional_fraternities_and_sororities_organizations_and_members" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Professional_fraternities" title="Template:Professional fraternities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Professional_fraternities" title="Template talk:Professional fraternities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Professional_fraternities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Professional fraternities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Professional_fraternities_and_sororities_organizations_and_members" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Professional_fraternities_and_sororities" title="Professional fraternities and sororities">Professional fraternities and sororities</a> organizations and members</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currently active members of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Professional_Fraternity_Association" title="Professional Fraternity Association">Professional Fraternity Association</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Zeta_(professional)" title="Alpha Zeta (professional)">Alpha Zeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Psi" title="Alpha Kappa Psi">Alpha Kappa Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Rho_Chi" title="Alpha Rho Chi">Alpha Rho Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Omega" title="Alpha Phi Omega">Alpha Phi Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Chi_Sigma" title="Alpha Chi Sigma">Alpha Chi Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Omega_Epsilon" title="Alpha Omega Epsilon">Alpha Omega Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Chi_Xi" title="Delta Chi Xi">Delta Chi Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Epsilon_Mu" title="Delta Epsilon Mu">Delta Epsilon Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Theta_Phi" title="Delta Theta Phi">Delta Theta Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Kappa_Alpha" title="Delta Kappa Alpha">Delta Kappa Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Omicron" title="Delta Omicron">Delta Omicron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Pi" title="Delta Sigma Pi">Delta Sigma Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Chi" title="Delta Sigma Chi">Delta Sigma Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_Nu_Tau" title="Epsilon Nu Tau">Epsilon Nu Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Tau" title="Theta Tau">Theta Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Epsilon" title="Kappa Epsilon">Kappa Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Epsilon_Psi" title="Kappa Epsilon Psi">Kappa Epsilon Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Eta_Kappa" title="Kappa Eta Kappa">Kappa Eta Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Kappa_Psi" title="Kappa Kappa Psi">Kappa Kappa Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Lambda_Chi" title="Kappa Lambda Chi">Kappa Lambda Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Psi" title="Kappa Psi">Kappa Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Kappa_Sigma" title="Lambda Kappa Sigma">Lambda Kappa Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_Beta_Phi" title="Mu Beta Phi">Mu Beta Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_Phi_Epsilon" title="Mu Phi Epsilon">Mu Phi Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Sigma_Epsilon" title="Pi Sigma Epsilon">Pi Sigma Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rho_Pi_Phi" title="Rho Pi Phi">Rho Pi Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha" title="Sigma Alpha">Sigma Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Iota" title="Sigma Alpha Iota">Sigma Alpha Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Beta_Sigma" title="Tau Beta Sigma">Tau Beta Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Alpha_Delta" title="Phi Alpha Delta">Phi Alpha Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta" title="Phi Beta">Phi Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Gamma_Nu" title="Phi Gamma Nu">Phi Gamma Nu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Delta_Epsilon" title="Phi Delta Epsilon">Phi Delta Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Delta_Chi" title="Phi Delta Chi">Phi Delta Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Sigma_Pi" title="Phi Sigma Pi">Phi Sigma Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Chi_Theta" title="Phi Chi Theta">Phi Chi Theta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former and formerly active members of<br />the Professional Fraternity Association<br />or its predecessors:<br />Professional Panhellenic Association<br />or Professional Interfraternity Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Delta_Theta_(professional)" title="Alpha Delta Theta (professional)">Alpha Delta Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Delta_Sigma" title="Alpha Delta Sigma">Alpha Delta Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Kappa" title="Alpha Kappa Kappa">Alpha Kappa Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Sigma_Alpha" title="Alpha Sigma Alpha">Alpha Sigma Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Tau_Delta" title="Alpha Tau Delta">Alpha Tau Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Omega_(fraternity)" title="Alpha Omega (fraternity)">Alpha Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Alpha_Psi" title="Beta Alpha Psi">Beta Alpha Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Eta_Gamma" title="Gamma Eta Gamma">Gamma Eta Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Iota_Sigma" title="Gamma Iota Sigma">Gamma Iota Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Epsilon_Iota" title="Delta Epsilon Iota">Delta Epsilon Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Delta" title="Delta Sigma Delta">Delta Sigma Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Psi_Kappa" title="Delta Psi Kappa">Delta Psi Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_Eta_Phi" title="Epsilon Eta Phi">Epsilon Eta Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Phi_Eta" title="Zeta Phi Eta">Zeta Phi Eta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Kappa_Psi" title="Theta Kappa Psi">Theta Kappa Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Sigma_Upsilon" title="Theta Sigma Upsilon">Theta Sigma Upsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Communications" title="Association for Women in Communications">Theta Sigma Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iota_Sigma_Pi" title="Iota Sigma Pi">Iota Sigma Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Pi_(professional)" title="Kappa Alpha Pi (professional)">Kappa Alpha Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Beta_Pi" title="Kappa Beta Pi">Kappa Beta Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Delta_Epsilon" title="Kappa Delta Epsilon">Kappa Delta Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Phi_Kappa" title="Kappa Phi Kappa">Kappa Phi Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_Sigma_Nu" title="Nu Sigma Nu">Nu Sigma Nu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Psi_Phi" title="Xi Psi Phi">Xi Psi Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omicron_Delta_Kappa" title="Omicron Delta Kappa">Omicron Delta Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omicron_Nu" title="Omicron Nu">Omicron Nu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Lambda_Theta" title="Pi Lambda Theta">Pi Lambda Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Professional_Journalists" title="Society of Professional Journalists">Sigma Delta Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Nu_Phi" title="Sigma Nu Phi">Sigma Nu Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Sigma_Sigma" title="Sigma Sigma Sigma">Sigma Sigma Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Phi_Delta" title="Sigma Phi Delta">Sigma Phi Delta</a> (now social)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Gamma" title="Phi Beta Gamma">Phi Beta Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Pi" title="Phi Beta Pi">Phi Beta Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Delta_Delta" title="Phi Delta Delta">Phi Delta Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Delta_Gamma_(professional)" title="Phi Delta Gamma (professional)">Phi Delta Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDK_International" title="PDK International">Phi Delta Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Delta_Pi" title="Phi Delta Pi">Phi Delta Pi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Phi Delta Phi</a> (now honor society)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Epsilon_Kappa" title="Phi Epsilon Kappa">Phi Epsilon Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Lambda_Kappa" title="Phi Lambda Kappa">Phi Lambda Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Mu_Alpha_Sinfonia" title="Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia">Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia</a> (now social)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Rho_Sigma" title="Phi Rho Sigma">Phi Rho Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Upsilon_Omicron" title="Phi Upsilon Omicron">Phi Upsilon Omicron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Chi" title="Phi Chi">Phi Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Beta_Phi" title="Chi Beta Phi">Chi Beta Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psi_Omega" title="Psi Omega">Psi Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Tau_Sigma" title="Omega Tau Sigma">Omega Tau Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Upsilon_Phi" title="Omega Upsilon Phi">Omega Upsilon Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pershing_Rifles" title="Pershing Rifles">Pershing Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scabbard_and_Blade" title="Scabbard and Blade">Scabbard and Blade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(fraternity)" title="Scarab (fraternity)">Scarab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Interfraternity_Conference" title="North American Interfraternity Conference">North American Interfraternity Conference</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Gamma_Rho" title="Alpha Gamma Rho">Alpha Gamma Rho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Gamma_Sigma_(fraternity)" title="Alpha Gamma Sigma (fraternity)">Alpha Gamma Sigma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active independent professional fraternities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Gamma_Kappa" title="Alpha Gamma Kappa">Alpha Gamma Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Zeta_Omega" title="Alpha Zeta Omega">Alpha Zeta Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Eta_Rho" title="Alpha Eta Rho">Alpha Eta Rho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Iota" title="Alpha Iota">Alpha Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Psi" title="Alpha Psi">Alpha Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Epsilon_Tau" title="Gamma Epsilon Tau">Gamma Epsilon Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Theta_(professional)" title="Delta Sigma Theta (professional)">Delta Sigma Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Theta_Sigma" title="Delta Theta Sigma">Delta Theta Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Kappa_Gamma" title="Delta Kappa Gamma">Delta Kappa Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Kappa_Phi" title="Delta Kappa Phi">Delta Kappa Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Phi_Epsilon_(professional)" title="Delta Phi Epsilon (professional)">Delta Phi Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Gamma_Psi" title="Kappa Gamma Psi">Kappa Gamma Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Pi" title="Kappa Pi">Kappa Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_Beta_Epsilon" title="Nu Beta Epsilon">Nu Beta Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Delta_Kappa_(sorority)" title="Phi Delta Kappa (sorority)">Phi Delta Kappa (sorority)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Sigma_Gamma" title="Phi Sigma Gamma">Phi Sigma Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Psi_(professional)" title="Phi Psi (professional)">Phi Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Delta_Mu" title="Chi Delta Mu">Chi Delta Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Eta_Phi" title="Chi Eta Phi">Chi Eta Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_and_Bridle" title="Block and Bridle">Block and Bridle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens%27_Guard" title="Queens' Guard">Queens' Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive independent professional fraternities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleph_Yodh_He" title="Aleph Yodh He">Aleph Yodh He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Epsilon_Iota" title="Alpha Epsilon Iota">Alpha Epsilon Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Tau_Sigma" title="Alpha Tau Sigma">Alpha Tau Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Zeta_Chi" title="Chi Zeta Chi">Chi Zeta Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Omicron_Alpha" title="Delta Omicron Alpha">Delta Omicron Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Delta_Nu" title="Pi Delta Nu">Pi Delta Nu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085571#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085571#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085571#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/142786577">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85158337">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007378948205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513419306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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