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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Définition</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Définition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1976" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1976"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1976</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1976-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valeur_mesurée" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valeur_mesurée"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Valeur mesurée</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valeur_mesurée-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Augmentation_séculaire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Augmentation_séculaire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Augmentation séculaire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Augmentation_séculaire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_-_valeur_exacte_fixée" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_-_valeur_exacte_fixée"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2012 - valeur exacte fixée</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_-_valeur_exacte_fixée-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Utilisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distances_à_l’intérieur_du_Système_solaire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distances_à_l’intérieur_du_Système_solaire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distances à l’intérieur du Système solaire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Distances_à_l’intérieur_du_Système_solaire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Distances à l’intérieur du Système solaire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Distances_à_l’intérieur_du_Système_solaire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Distance_moyenne_des_planètes_du_Système_solaire_au_Soleil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distance_moyenne_des_planètes_du_Système_solaire_au_Soleil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Distance moyenne des planètes du Système solaire au Soleil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distance_moyenne_des_planètes_du_Système_solaire_au_Soleil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autres_distances_moyennes_au_Soleil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autres_distances_moyennes_au_Soleil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Autres distances moyennes au Soleil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autres_distances_moyennes_au_Soleil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Histoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Histoire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Notes et références</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Unité astronomique</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 115 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-115" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">115 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiese_eenheid" title="Astronomiese eenheid – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Astronomiese eenheid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomische_Einheit" title="Astronomische Einheit – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Astronomische Einheit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidat_astronomica" title="Unidat astronomica – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Unidat astronomica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="وحدة فلكية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وحدة فلكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عبرة فلكية – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عبرة فلكية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="وحده فلكيه – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وحده فلكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unid%C3%A1_astron%C3%B3mica" title="Unidá astronómica – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Unidá astronómica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomik_vahid" title="Astronomik vahid – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Astronomik vahid" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="آسترونومیک واحید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آسترونومیک واحید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астранамічная адзінка – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Астранамічная адзінка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астранамічная адзінка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Астранамічная адзінка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Астрономическа единица – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Астрономическа единица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95" title="জ্যোতির্বৈজ্ঞানিক একক – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যোতির্বৈজ্ঞানিক একক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unanenn_steredoniel" title="Unanenn steredoniel – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Unanenn steredoniel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomska_jedinica" title="Astronomska jedinica – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Astronomska jedinica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitat_astron%C3%B2mica" title="Unitat astronòmica – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Unitat astronòmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="یەکەی ئەستێرەناسانە – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یەکەی ئەستێرەناسانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomick%C3%A1_jednotka" title="Astronomická jednotka – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Astronomická jednotka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95" title="Астрономилле пĕрчĕ – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Астрономилле пĕрчĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uned_seryddol" title="Uned seryddol – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Uned seryddol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomisk_enhed" title="Astronomisk enhed – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Astronomisk enhed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomische_Einheit" title="Astronomische Einheit – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Astronomische Einheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Αστρονομική μονάδα – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστρονομική μονάδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Astronomical unit" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia_unuo" title="Astronomia unuo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Astronomia unuo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidad_astron%C3%B3mica" title="Unidad astronómica – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unidad astronómica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronoomiline_%C3%BChik" title="Astronoomiline ühik – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Astronoomiline ühik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitate_astronomiko" title="Unitate astronomiko – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Unitate astronomiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="واحد نجومی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واحد نجومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronominen_yksikk%C3%B6" title="Astronominen yksikkö – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Astronominen yksikkö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronoomisk_Ianhaid" title="Astronoomisk Ianhaid – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Astronoomisk Ianhaid" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aonad_r%C3%A9alteola%C3%ADoch" title="Aonad réalteolaíoch – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aonad réalteolaíoch" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidade_astron%C3%B3mica" title="Unidade astronómica – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Unidade astronómica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidad_astron%C3%B3mica" title="Unidad astronómica – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Unidad astronómica" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unnid_rollageydagh" title="Unnid rollageydagh – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Unnid rollageydagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="יחידה אסטרונומית – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יחידה אסטרונומית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="खगोलीय इकाई – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खगोलीय इकाई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomska_jedinica" title="Astronomska jedinica – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Astronomska jedinica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csillag%C3%A1szati_egys%C3%A9g" title="Csillagászati egység – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csillagászati egység" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Աստղագիտական միավոր – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստղագիտական միավոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satuan_astronomi" title="Satuan astronomi – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Satuan astronomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otu_ihe_na-enyocha_mbara_igwe" title="Otu ihe na-enyocha mbara igwe – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Otu ihe na-enyocha mbara igwe" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiala_unajo" title="Astronomiala unajo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Astronomiala unajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjarnfr%C3%A6%C3%B0ieining" title="Stjarnfræðieining – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stjarnfræðieining" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_astronomica" title="Unità astronomica – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Unità astronomica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8D%98%E4%BD%8D" title="天文単位 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天文単位" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satuan_astronomi" title="Satuan astronomi – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Satuan astronomi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ასტრონომიული ერთეული – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასტრონომიული ერთეული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigget_tasnullant" title="Tigget tasnullant – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tigget tasnullant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Астрономиялық бірлік – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Астрономиялық бірлік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಖಗೋಳ ಮಾನ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖಗೋಳ ಮಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84" title="천문단위 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="천문단위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekeya_astronom%C3%AEk" title="Yekeya astronomîk – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yekeya astronomîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitas_astronomica" title="Unitas astronomica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Unitas astronomica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomesch_Eenheet" title="Astronomesch Eenheet – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Astronomesch Eenheet" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unia_astronomial" title="Unia astronomial – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Unia astronomial" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomische_einheid" title="Astronomische einheid – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Astronomische einheid" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_Astronomica" title="Unità Astronomica – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Unità Astronomica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronominis_vienetas" title="Astronominis vienetas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Astronominis vienetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomisk%C4%81_vien%C4%ABba" title="Astronomiskā vienība – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Astronomiskā vienība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Астрономска единица – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Астрономска единица" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="അസ്ട്രോണമിക്കൽ യൂണിറ്റ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അസ്ട്രോണമിക്കൽ യൂണിറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B6" title="Одон орны нэгж – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Одон орны нэгж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95" title="खगोलीय एकक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खगोलीय एकक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_astronomi" title="Unit astronomi – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Unit astronomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ounidade_astron%C3%B3mica" title="Ounidade astronómica – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ounidade astronómica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Astronomical unit" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronoomsch_Eenheit" title="Astronoomsch Eenheit – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Astronoomsch Eenheit" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomische_eenheid" title="Astronomische eenheid – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Astronomische eenheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomisk_eining" title="Astronomisk eining – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Astronomisk eining" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomisk_enhet" title="Astronomisk enhet – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Astronomisk enhet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitat_astronomica" title="Unitat astronomica – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Unitat astronomica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਖਗੋਲੀ ਇਕਾਈ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖਗੋਲੀ ਇਕਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednostka_astronomiczna" title="Jednostka astronomiczna – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jednostka astronomiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_Astron%C3%B2mica" title="Unità Astronòmica – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Unità Astronòmica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84" title="اسمانی میل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسمانی میل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF" title="نجومي واحد – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نجومي واحد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidade_astron%C3%B4mica" title="Unidade astronômica – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Unidade astronômica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitate_astronomic%C4%83" title="Unitate astronomică – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Unitate astronomică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Астрономическая единица – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Астрономическая единица" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрономична единка – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Астрономична единка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Астроном кээмэйэ – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Астроном кээмэйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidadi_astron%C3%B2mica" title="Unidadi astronòmica – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Unidadi astronòmica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_astrun%C3%B2mica" title="Unità astrunòmica – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Unità astrunòmica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Astronomical unit" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%84_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BD" title="آسٽروناميڪل يونٽ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آسٽروناميڪل يونٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomska_jedinica" title="Astronomska jedinica – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Astronomska jedinica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Astronomical unit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomick%C3%A1_jednotka" title="Astronomická jednotka – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Astronomická jednotka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomska_enota" title="Astronomska enota – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Astronomska enota" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Astronomical unit" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Астрономска јединица – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Астрономска јединица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiske_Eenhaid" title="Astronomiske Eenhaid – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Astronomiske Eenhaid" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijian_Astronomi" title="Hijian Astronomi – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hijian Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomisk_enhet" title="Astronomisk enhet – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Astronomisk enhet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizio_astronomia" title="Kizio astronomia – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kizio astronomia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="வானியல் அலகு – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வானியல் அலகு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D1%83%D2%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D3%A3" title="Воҳиди нуҷумӣ – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Воҳиди нуҷумӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="หน่วยดาราศาสตร์ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน่วยดาราศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomik_birlik" title="Astronomik birlik – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Astronomik birlik" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunit_na_pang-astronomiya" title="Yunit na pang-astronomiya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Yunit na pang-astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomik_birim" title="Astronomik birim – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Astronomik birim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Астрономик берәмлек – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Астрономик берәмлек" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Астрономической единица – oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Астрономической единица" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Астрономічна одиниця – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Астрономічна одиниця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="فلکیاتی اکائی – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلکیاتی اکائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomik_birlik" title="Astronomik birlik – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Astronomik birlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C6%A1n_v%E1%BB%8B_thi%C3%AAn_v%C4%83n" title="Đơn vị thiên văn – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đơn vị thiên văn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunit_astronomiko" title="Yunit astronomiko – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Yunit astronomiko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="天文单位 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="天文单位" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ასტრონომიული ართული – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ასტრონომიული ართული" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="אסטראנאמישע איינס – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אסטראנאמישע איינס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="天文單位 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天文單位" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thian-b%C3%BBn_tan-%C5%ABi" title="Thian-bûn tan-ūi – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thian-bûn tan-ūi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="天文單位 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天文單位" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Au" class="mw-disambig" title="Au">au</a> et <a href="/wiki/UA" class="mw-disambig" title="UA">UA</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#E1E1E1;color:black;">Unité astronomique<br />de longueur </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fichier:Astronomical_unit.svg&lang=fr" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Unité astronomique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Astronomical_unit.svg/langfr-280px-Astronomical_unit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Astronomical_unit.svg/langfr-420px-Astronomical_unit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Astronomical_unit.svg/langfr-560px-Astronomical_unit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E1E1E1; color:#000000">Informations</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27unit%C3%A9s" title="Système d'unités">Système</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_astronomique_d%27unit%C3%A9s" title="Système astronomique d'unités">Système astronomique d'unités</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Unité de…</th> <td>longueur</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Symbole</th> <td> <ul><li>au <small>(recommandé par l'UAI depuis 2012 et seul agréé par le BIPM ; usuel en anglais et dans d'autres langues)</small> ;</li> <li>ua <small>(autrefois recommandé par l'UAI, jusqu'en 2012 ; encore usité en français et dans d'autres langues)</small> ;</li> <li>AU et UA <small>(parfois aussi utilisés)</small>.</li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #AAAAAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Unit%C3%A9" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>L'<b>unité astronomique de longueur</b><sup id="cite_ref-UAI2012B2fr_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UAI2012B2fr-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, ou de façon plus usuelle <b>unité astronomique</b> (en <a href="/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais">anglais</a> : <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">astronomical unit (of length)</span></i><sup id="cite_ref-UAI2012B2en_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UAI2012B2en-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>), est l'<a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_longueur" title="Unité de longueur">unité de longueur</a> du <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_astronomique_d%27unit%C3%A9s" title="Système astronomique d'unités">système astronomique d'unités</a> ; elle correspond approximativement à la distance entre la <a href="/wiki/Terre" title="Terre">Terre</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Soleil" title="Soleil">Soleil</a>, soit environ 150 millions de <a href="/wiki/Kilom%C3%A8tre" title="Kilomètre">kilomètres</a>. Son symbole agréé par le <a href="/wiki/Bureau_international_des_poids_et_mesures" title="Bureau international des poids et mesures">Bureau international des poids et mesures</a> est « <b>au</b> »<sup id="cite_ref-SIéd9_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIéd9-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, bien qu'elle soit encore couramment notée « AU », « ua » ou « UA »<sup id="cite_ref-SIéd9_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIéd9-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-UAI2012B2fr_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UAI2012B2fr-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; « ua » était la notation recommandée par l’<a href="/wiki/Union_astronomique_internationale" title="Union astronomique internationale">Union astronomique internationale</a> avant 2012<sup id="cite_ref-SIéd9_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIéd9-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Elle est principalement utilisée pour exprimer les distances entre les <a href="/wiki/Objet_c%C3%A9leste" title="Objet céleste">objets célestes</a> du <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_solaire" title="Système solaire">Système solaire</a> ainsi qu'entre ceux situés dans d'autres <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_plan%C3%A9taire" title="Système planétaire">systèmes planétaires</a>. Elle est historiquement fondée sur la distance entre la Terre et le Soleil, et a été créée en 1958. Lors de la <a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27Union_astronomique_internationale_de_2012" title="Assemblée générale de l'Union astronomique internationale de 2012"><abbr class="abbr" title="Vingt-huitième">28<sup>e</sup></abbr> assemblée générale de l’Union astronomique internationale</a>, tenue fin <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-08" data-sort-value="2012-08">août 2012</time> à <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9kin" title="Pékin">Pékin</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a>, l’unité astronomique est définie comme valant exactement 149 597 870 700 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètres"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8tre" title="Mètre">mètres</a></abbr> (valeur fixe recommandée) (soit 149,6 <abbr class="abbr" title="gigamètre"><a href="/wiki/Giga" title="Giga">Gm</a></abbr>, 4,848 1 × 10<sup>−6</sup> <abbr class="abbr" title="parsec"><a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">pc</a></abbr><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, ou 1,581 2 × 10<sup>−5</sup> <abbr class="abbr" title="année-lumière"><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e-lumi%C3%A8re" title="Année-lumière">al</a></abbr>). Une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e-lumi%C3%A8re" title="Année-lumière">année-lumière</a> vaut donc approximativement 63 241 unités astronomiques. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Définition"><span id="D.C3.A9finition"></span>Définition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Définition" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Définition"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En première approximation (en supposant la masse des <a href="/wiki/Plan%C3%A8te" title="Planète">planètes</a> négligeable devant celle du Soleil), la Terre a une <a href="/wiki/Orbite" title="Orbite">orbite</a> <a href="/wiki/Ellipse_(math%C3%A9matiques)" title="Ellipse (mathématiques)">elliptique</a> autour du Soleil, dont la loi temporelle est contenue dans les <a href="/wiki/Lois_de_Kepler" title="Lois de Kepler">lois de Kepler</a> ; pour plus de précision, on tient compte des interactions entre planètes et de la force exercée par les planètes sur le Soleil. Il apparaît donc que la Terre n’est pas à une distance constante du Soleil. Afin d’obtenir une valeur fixe, elle a, à l’origine, été définie comme la moyenne entre le minimum et le maximum de la distance Terre-Soleil sur une année — autrement dit, le <a href="/wiki/Grand_axe" title="Grand axe">demi-grand axe</a> de l'orbite de la Terre. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais">anglais</a>, et dans quelques autres langues, le symbole « AU » ou « au » est employé, et l’<a href="/wiki/Union_astronomique_internationale" title="Union astronomique internationale">Union astronomique internationale</a> a recommandé, lors de sa <abbr class="abbr" title="Vingt-huitième">28<sup>e</sup></abbr> Assemblée générale, que le symbole « au » soit dorénavant le seul à être utilisé pour désigner l’unité astronomique<sup id="cite_ref-SIéd9_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIéd9-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cependant, le symbole « ua » était auparavant recommandé par le <a href="/wiki/Bureau_international_des_poids_et_mesures" title="Bureau international des poids et mesures">Bureau international des poids et mesures</a><sup id="cite_ref-SIéd9_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIéd9-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, la norme internationale <span class="nowrap">ISO/IEC 80000</span> et l’Union astronomique internationale. La notation « ua » reste fréquente en français<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[<abbr class="abbr" title="référence">réf.</abbr> souhaitée]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1976">1976</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : 1976" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : 1976"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1976_en_science" title="1976 en science">1976</a>, lors de la <abbr class="abbr" title="Seizième">XVI<sup>e</sup></abbr> Assemblée générale de l'Union astronomique internationale, l'unité astronomique est définie comme suit<sup id="cite_ref-IAU_1976_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAU_1976-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <dl><dd><span class="citation">« L’unité astronomique de longueur ou unité de distance (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span>) est la longueur pour laquelle la <a href="/wiki/Constante_gravitationnelle_de_Gauss" title="Constante gravitationnelle de Gauss">constante de la gravitation de Gauss</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}"></span>) prend la valeur 0,017 202 098 95 quand les <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_mesure" title="Unité de mesure">unités de mesure</a> sont les unités astronomiques de longueur, de masse [la <a href="/wiki/Masse_solaire" title="Masse solaire">masse solaire</a>] (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}"></span>) et de temps [le jour ou <i>day</i>] (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>D</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f34a0c600395e5d4345287e21fb26efd386990e6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.924ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D}"></span>). Les <a href="/wiki/Dimension_(physique)" title="Dimension (physique)">dimensions</a> de <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af6423cd00e3559de92c4bc497066ff1b12bbfc3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.265ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k^{2}}"></span>, le <a href="/wiki/Carr%C3%A9_(alg%C3%A8bre)" title="Carré (algèbre)">carré</a> de la constante gravitationnelle de Gauss, sont celles de la <a href="/wiki/Constante_gravitationnelle" title="Constante gravitationnelle">constante [universelle] de la gravitation</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G}"></span>), c'est-à-dire <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {L^{3}\;M^{-1}\;T^{-2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {L^{3}\;M^{-1}\;T^{-2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b8b00de9a682fb9775030ee6bbb1770538e076ca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:12.272ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\rm {L^{3}\;M^{-1}\;T^{-2}}}}"></span> »</span>.</dd></dl> <p>Mathématiquement, cette définition devient donc : </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=0{,}017\;202\;098\;95\;A^{\frac {3}{2}}\;D^{-1}\;S^{-{\frac {1}{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0,017</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mn>202</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mn>098</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mn>95</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msup> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=0{,}017\;202\;098\;95\;A^{\frac {3}{2}}\;D^{-1}\;S^{-{\frac {1}{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5717f72890ae73088f4052572d1bb0fc7c93edbe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:35.049ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=0{,}017\;202\;098\;95\;A^{\frac {3}{2}}\;D^{-1}\;S^{-{\frac {1}{2}}}}"></span>.</dd></dl> <p>Ainsi définie, l'unité astronomique correspond à la <a href="/wiki/Distance_(g%C3%A9ographie)" title="Distance (géographie)">distance</a> au Soleil d’une <a href="/wiki/Particule_%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire" title="Particule élémentaire">particule</a> de <a href="/wiki/Masse" title="Masse">masse</a> négligeable<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>b<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> sur une <a href="/wiki/Orbite" title="Orbite">orbite</a> non <a href="/wiki/Perturbation_(astronomie)" title="Perturbation (astronomie)">perturbée</a> et qui aurait une <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_sid%C3%A9rale" class="mw-redirect" title="Période sidérale">période orbitale</a> de 365,256 898 3 jours (une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_gaussienne" title="Année gaussienne">année gaussienne</a>). Cette première définition officielle explicite de l’unité astronomique prend en compte l'évolution des mesures des distances, l’utilisation de <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}"></span> pour définir l’unité astronomique ayant été en usage depuis le <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle avant de devenir officielle en 1938<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Sa valeur recommandée est alors<sup id="cite_ref-IAU_1976_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAU_1976-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {ua} =A=1{,}495\;978\;70\times 10^{11}\;\mathrm {m} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1,495</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mn>978</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mn>70</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {ua} =A=1{,}495\;978\;70\times 10^{11}\;\mathrm {m} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ecb7ce4318f6e3c9465c87da7c27eb597f969880" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:34.224ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {ua} =A=1{,}495\;978\;70\times 10^{11}\;\mathrm {m} }"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>soit 149 597 870 000 mètres. </p><p>Elle est obtenue comme suit<sup id="cite_ref-IAU_1976_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAU_1976-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {ua} =A=c\cdot T_{A}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {ua} =A=c\cdot T_{A}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fd0a40d5836ccb1713c4b2e25d1c3fc8719be2be" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.711ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {ua} =A=c\cdot T_{A}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>avec : </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}"></span>, la <a href="/wiki/Vitesse_de_la_lumi%C3%A8re" title="Vitesse de la lumière">vitesse de la lumière</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/Vide_(astronomie)" title="Vide (astronomie)">vide</a>, égale à 299 792 458 mètres par seconde ;</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{A}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{A}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/416a1dd7d799d8a81370d796e350420774dc2369" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.822ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{A}}"></span>, le temps de lumière pour une unité de distance, égal à 499,004 783 836 secondes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valeur_mesurée"><span id="Valeur_mesur.C3.A9e"></span>Valeur mesurée</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Valeur mesurée" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Valeur mesurée"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable alternance right"> <caption>Résultats de mesures récentes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>A en mètres</th> <th>Éphémérides </th></tr> <tr> <td>149 597 870 684 ± 30</td> <td>JPL DE102 </td></tr> <tr> <td>149 597 870 660 ± 2</td> <td>JPL DE118, DE200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>149 597 870 620 ± 180</td> <td>Krasinsky 1993<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>149 597 870 691 ± 6</td> <td>JPL DE405<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>149 597 870 691,2 ± 0,2</td> <td>IAA EPM2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>149 597 870 697,4 ± 0,3</td> <td>JPL DE410<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>149 597 870 696,0 ± 0,1</td> <td>IAA EPM2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td>149 597 870 700,85…</td> <td>JPL DE414 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ces définitions, combinées à des observations radar et au suivi des sondes spatiales, ont permis d’évaluer l’unité astronomique à 149 597 870,700 ± 0,003 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>. </p><p>Par vulgarisation, on considère qu’une unité astronomique mesure environ 150 millions de kilomètres. Cela représente un parcours d’une durée d’un peu plus de 8 minutes à la <a href="/wiki/Vitesse_de_la_lumi%C3%A8re" title="Vitesse de la lumière">vitesse de la lumière</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Augmentation_séculaire"><span id="Augmentation_s.C3.A9culaire"></span>Augmentation séculaire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Augmentation séculaire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Augmentation séculaire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/2004_en_astronomie" title="2004 en astronomie">2004</a>, les astronomes <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">russes</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgij_Krasinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgij Krasinsky">Georgij Krasinsky</a> et <a href="/wiki/Victor_A._Brumberg" title="Victor A. Brumberg">Victor A. Brumberg</a> ont mis en évidence, par des mesures radiométriques de la distance entre la Terre et les planètes du <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_solaire" title="Système solaire">Système solaire</a>, une augmentation de la valeur de l'unité astronomique, d'environ 15 mètres par siècle<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Comme dans le cas de la <a href="/wiki/Lune" title="Lune">Lune</a> qui s'éloigne de la Terre (de 3,8 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> par siècle), ce phénomène est induit par des effets des marées qui éloignent progressivement les planètes (et ralentissent la rotation du Soleil, le <a href="/wiki/Moment_cin%C3%A9tique" title="Moment cinétique">moment cinétique</a> total du système étant conservé) ainsi que par la perte de masse du Soleil à cause de la <a href="/wiki/Fusion_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Fusion nucléaire">fusion nucléaire</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_-_valeur_exacte_fixée"><span id="2012_-_valeur_exacte_fix.C3.A9e"></span>2012 - valeur exacte fixée</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : 2012 - valeur exacte fixée" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : 2012 - valeur exacte fixée"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lors de la <a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27Union_astronomique_internationale_de_2012" title="Assemblée générale de l'Union astronomique internationale de 2012"><abbr class="abbr" title="Vingt-huitième">28<sup>e</sup></abbr> assemblée générale</a> de l’<a href="/wiki/Union_astronomique_internationale" title="Union astronomique internationale">Union astronomique internationale</a>, tenue fin <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-08" data-sort-value="2012-08">août 2012</time> à <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9kin" title="Pékin">Pékin</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a>, l’unité astronomique est définie comme valant exactement <b>149 597 870 700 mètres</b><sup id="cite_ref-UAI2012B2fr_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UAI2012B2fr-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Parisobs_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parisobs-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cela représente un parcours d’une durée de 499,004 783 836 <abbr class="abbr" title="seconde"><a href="/wiki/Seconde_(temps)" title="Seconde (temps)">s</a></abbr> (soit <span class="nowrap">8 <abbr class="abbr" title="minutes">min</abbr> 19 <abbr class="abbr" title="secondes">s</abbr></span>) à la <a href="/wiki/Vitesse_de_la_lumi%C3%A8re" title="Vitesse de la lumière">vitesse de la lumière</a> dans le vide<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>c<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilisation">Utilisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Utilisation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Utilisation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’unité astronomique est une unité extérieure au <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_international_d%27unit%C3%A9s" title="Système international d'unités">Système international</a> (SI), mais d’usage courant en astronomie et <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_en_dehors_du_SI_dont_l%27usage_est_accept%C3%A9_avec_le_SI" title="Unité en dehors du SI dont l'usage est accepté avec le SI">dont l'usage est accepté avec le SI</a>. Elle est surtout utilisée pour exprimer les distances au sein du <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_solaire" title="Système solaire">Système solaire</a> ou dans les <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_plan%C3%A9taire" title="Système planétaire">systèmes planétaires</a>. </p><p>L’unité astronomique est par ailleurs à l’origine de la définition du <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a>. Cette autre <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_longueur" title="Unité de longueur">unité de longueur</a>, employée en astronomie pour mesurer la distance des étoiles, a originellement été définie par <a href="/wiki/Triangulation" title="Triangulation">triangulation</a> comme la distance à laquelle une unité astronomique sous-tend un <a href="/wiki/Angle" title="Angle">angle</a> d’une <a href="/wiki/Sous-unit%C3%A9s_du_degr%C3%A9" title="Sous-unités du degré">seconde d'arc</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distances_à_l’intérieur_du_Système_solaire"><span id="Distances_.C3.A0_l.E2.80.99int.C3.A9rieur_du_Syst.C3.A8me_solaire"></span>Distances à l’intérieur du Système solaire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Distances à l’intérieur du Système solaire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Distances à l’intérieur du Système solaire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distance_moyenne_des_planètes_du_Système_solaire_au_Soleil"><span id="Distance_moyenne_des_plan.C3.A8tes_du_Syst.C3.A8me_solaire_au_Soleil"></span>Distance moyenne des planètes du Système solaire au Soleil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Distance moyenne des planètes du Système solaire au Soleil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Distance moyenne des planètes du Système solaire au Soleil"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercure_(plan%C3%A8te)" title="Mercure (planète)">Mercure</a> : 0,38 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9nus_(plan%C3%A8te)" title="Vénus (planète)">Vénus</a> : 0,72 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre" title="Terre">Terre</a> : 1,00 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_(plan%C3%A8te)" title="Mars (planète)">Mars</a> : 1,52 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(plan%C3%A8te)" title="Jupiter (planète)">Jupiter</a> : 5,21 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturne_(plan%C3%A8te)" title="Saturne (planète)">Saturne</a> : 9,54 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(plan%C3%A8te)" title="Uranus (planète)">Uranus</a> : 19,18 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_(plan%C3%A8te)" title="Neptune (planète)">Neptune</a> : 30,11 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li></ul> <p>(Ces valeurs sont arrondies au centième près.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autres_distances_moyennes_au_Soleil">Autres distances moyennes au Soleil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Autres distances moyennes au Soleil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Autres distances moyennes au Soleil"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mars - Phobos : 0,000 06 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li>Pluton - Charon : 0,000 13 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li>Mars - Deimos : 0,000 15 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li>Eris - Dysnomie : 0,000 24 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(lune)" title="Hiʻiaka (lune)">Hauméa - Hiʻiaka</a> : 0,000 3 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_HC4" title="2005 HC4">2005 HC4</a> : de 0,071 à 3,57 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceinture_d%27ast%C3%A9ro%C3%AFdes" title="Ceinture d'astéroïdes">Ceinture d'astéroïdes</a> : 2 à 3,5 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(4)_Vesta" title="(4) Vesta">(4) Vesta</a> : 2,3 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(3)_Junon" title="(3) Junon">(3) Junon</a> : 2,6 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(1)_C%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" title="(1) Cérès">(1) Cérès</a> : 2,7 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(2)_Pallas" title="(2) Pallas">(2) Pallas</a> : 2,7 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluton_(plan%C3%A8te_naine)" title="Pluton (planète naine)">Pluton</a> : de 29 à 49 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceinture_de_Kuiper" title="Ceinture de Kuiper">Ceinture de Kuiper</a> : de 30 à 55 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(136108)_Haum%C3%A9a" title="(136108) Hauméa">(136108) Hauméa</a> : de 35,1 à 51,5 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(136199)_%C3%89ris" title="(136199) Éris">(136199) Éris</a> : de 37,7 à 97,5 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(136472)_Mak%C3%A9mak%C3%A9" title="(136472) Makémaké">(136472) Makémaké</a> : de 38,5 à 52,8 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li> <li>Sonde <span class="nowrap"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></span></span> : 133,25 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr> (au <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-05-02" data-sort-value="2023-05-02">2 mai 2023</time>)</li> <li>Sonde <span class="nowrap"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></span></span> : 159,81 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr> (au <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-05-02" data-sort-value="2023-05-02">2 mai 2023</time>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuage_de_Oort" title="Nuage de Oort">Nuage de Oort</a> : environ 50 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité astronomique">au</abbr></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La distance moyenne de la Terre au Soleil a été estimée dès l'Antiquité. D'après <a href="/wiki/Archim%C3%A8de" title="Archimède">Archimède</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aristarque_de_Samos" title="Aristarque de Samos">Aristarque de Samos</a> aurait estimé la distance moyenne de la Terre à 10 000 fois le <a href="/wiki/Rayon_de_la_Terre" title="Rayon de la Terre">rayon de la Terre</a>. <i>Sur les dimensions et des distances du Soleil et de la Lune</i>, attribué à Aristarque, permet d'obtenir une estimation comprise entre 380 et 1 520 fois le <a href="/wiki/Rayon_de_la_Terre" title="Rayon de la Terre">rayon de la Terre</a>. En réalité, la Terre se trouve à environ 23 000 rayons terrestres du Soleil. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Estimations de la distance moyenne de la Terre au Soleil (D) en rayons équatoriaux de la Terre (D/R) à partir de la parallaxe horizontale équatoriale du Soleil </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Parallaxe" title="Parallaxe">Parallaxe</a> </th> <th>D/R </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Archim%C3%A8de" title="Archimède">Archimède</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Ar%C3%A9naire" title="L'Arénaire">L'Arénaire</a></i> (<abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>) </td> <td>40″ </td> <td align="right">10 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aristarque_de_Samos" title="Aristarque de Samos">Aristarque de Samos</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Des_grandeurs_et_des_distances_du_Soleil_et_de_la_Lune" title="Des grandeurs et des distances du Soleil et de la Lune">Des grandeurs et des distances</a></i> (<abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>) </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">380-1 520 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hipparque_(astronome)" title="Hipparque (astronome)">Hipparque</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="2ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">II</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>) </td> <td>7′ </td> <td align="right">490 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Posidonios" title="Posidonios">Posidonios</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>), d'après <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9om%C3%A8de" title="Cléomède">Cléomède</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr> siècle) </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">10 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Claude_Ptol%C3%A9m%C3%A9e" title="Claude Ptolémée">Ptolémée</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="2ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">II</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle) </td> <td>2′ 50″ </td> <td align="right">1 210 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Godefroy_Wendelin" title="Godefroy Wendelin">Godefroy Wendelin</a> (1635) </td> <td>15″ </td> <td align="right">14 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Horrocks" title="Jeremiah Horrocks">Jeremiah Horrocks</a> (1639) </td> <td>15″ </td> <td align="right">14 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Huygens" title="Christian Huygens">Christian Huygens</a> (1659<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) </td> <td>8,6″ </td> <td align="right">24 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-Dominique_Cassini" title="Jean-Dominique Cassini">Jean-Dominique Cassini</a> et <a href="/wiki/Jean_Richer" title="Jean Richer">Jean Richer</a> (1672)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>9,5″ </td> <td align="right">21 700 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Lefran%C3%A7ois_de_Lalande" title="Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande">Jérôme de Lalande</a> (1771) </td> <td>8,6″ </td> <td align="right">24 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a> (<a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>) </td> <td>8,80″ </td> <td align="right">23 440 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Robert_Hinks" title="Arthur Robert Hinks">Arthur R. Hinks</a> (1909) </td> <td>8,807″ </td> <td align="right">23 420 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harold_Spencer_Jones" title="Harold Spencer Jones">H. Spencer Jones</a> (1941) </td> <td>8,790″ </td> <td align="right">23 466 </td></tr> <tr> <td>aujourd'hui </td> <td align="left">8,794 143″ </td> <td align="right">23 455 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small lower-alpha" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Le <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a> étant défini à partir de l’unité astronomique, le rapport entre ces deux unités est indépendant de la valeur choisie pour l’unité astronomique.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">L’expression « masse négligeable » correspond à un cas limite du <a href="/wiki/Probl%C3%A8me_%C3%A0_deux_corps" title="Problème à deux corps">problème à deux corps</a> dans lequel une seule des deux masses exerce une force sur l’autre.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">La vitesse de la lumière dans le vide est une constante dont la valeur est fixée à exactement <span title="1 079 252 848,8 km/h" style="cursor:help">299 792 458</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre par seconde">m/s</abbr>. Étant donné que la durée du parcours d'une unité astronomique à la vitesse de la lumière dans le vide est le rapport de deux valeurs fixées et donc infiniment précises, sa valeur est donc aussi connue de façon infiniment précise et vaut <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {149\,597\,870\,700\;{\rm {m}}}{299\,792\,458\;{\rm {m/s}}}}=499{,}004\,783\,836\;{\rm {s}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>149</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>597</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>870</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>700</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>299</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>792</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>458</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>499,004</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>783</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>836</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {149\,597\,870\,700\;{\rm {m}}}{299\,792\,458\;{\rm {m/s}}}}=499{,}004\,783\,836\;{\rm {s}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d82a514172598643285b99168f6e2a974fae4b51" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:38.558ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {149\,597\,870\,700\;{\rm {m}}}{299\,792\,458\;{\rm {m/s}}}}=499{,}004\,783\,836\;{\rm {s}}}"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UAI2012B2fr-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-UAI2012B2fr_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UAI2012B2fr_1-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-UAI2012B2fr_1-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="XXVIIIe_Assemblée_générale_de_l'Union_astronomique_internationale"><abbr class="abbr" title="Vingt-huitième">XXVIII<sup>e</sup></abbr> Assemblée générale de l'Union astronomique internationale, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2012_ResolB2_French.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Résolution UAI 2012 B2 (version française) : Re-définition de l'unité astronomique de longueur</cite></a> » <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, sur <span class="italique"><a href="/wiki/Union_astronomique_internationale" title="Union astronomique internationale">Union astronomique internationale</a></span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-09-29" data-sort-value="2014-09-29">29 septembre 2014</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UAI2012B2en-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-UAI2012B2en_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="XXVIIIth_General_Assembly_of_International_Astronomy_Union"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="lang-en" lang="en"><abbr class="abbr" title="28"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XXVIII</span></abbr>th General Assembly of International Astronomy Union</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syrte.obspm.fr/IAU_resolutions/Res_IAU2012_B2.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Resolution B2 on the re-definition of the astronomical unit of length.</cite></a> » <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, sur <span class="italique"><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_de_Paris" title="Observatoire de Paris">Observatoire de Paris</a></span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-09-29" data-sort-value="2014-09-29">29 septembre 2014</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIéd9-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SIéd9_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIéd9_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIéd9_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIéd9_3-3">d</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-SIéd9_3-4">e</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2019"><cite class="italique">Le Système international d'unités (SI)</cite>, Sèvres, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_international_des_poids_et_mesures" title="Bureau international des poids et mesures">Bureau international des poids et mesures</a>, 2019, version <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-12" data-sort-value="2012-12">décembre 2012</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="neuvième">9<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 112 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-92-822-2272-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-92-822-2272-0"><span class="nowrap">978-92-822-2272-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/SI-Brochure-9-FR.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 33, tableau 8<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Syst%C3%A8me+international+d%27unit%C3%A9s+%28SI%29&rft.place=S%C3%A8vres&rft.pub=Bureau+international+des+poids+et+mesures&rft.edition=9&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=33%2C+tableau+8&rft.tpages=112&rft.isbn=978-92-822-2272-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUnit%C3%A9+astronomique"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IAU_1976-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IAU_1976_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAU_1976_5-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-IAU_1976_5-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="class="abbr"_title="Seizième">XVIe_Assemblée_générale_de_l'Union_astronomique_internationale"><span class="ouvrage" id="XVIe_Assemblée_générale_de_l'Union_astronomique_internationale"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : anglais et français">(en + fr)</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="Seizième">XVI<sup>e</sup></abbr> Assemblée générale de l'Union astronomique internationale, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU1976_French.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Résolutions et recommandations</cite></a> » <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, sur <span class="italique">iau.org</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-09-29" data-sort-value="2014-09-29">29 septembre 2014</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syrte.obspm.fr/IAU_resolutions/Res_UAI2012_B2_F.pdf">« Standards numériques en Astronomie fondamentale »<abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr></a>, obspm.fr.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="KrasinskyPitjevaSveshnikovChuniaeva1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="G._A._KrasinskyE._V._PitjevaM._L._SveshnikovL._I._Chuniaeva1993"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> G. A. Krasinsky, E. V. Pitjeva, M. L. Sveshnikov et L. I. Chuniaeva, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The motion of major planets from observations 1769-1988 and some astronomical constants</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Mechanics_and_Dynamical_Astronomy" title="Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy">Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy</a></span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 55, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1993-01" data-sort-value="1993-01">janvier 1993</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1 à 23 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694392">10.1007/BF00694392</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993CeMDA..55....1K">1993CeMDA..55....1K</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+motion+of+major+planets+from+observations+1769-1988+and+some+astronomical+constants&rft.jtitle=Celestial+Mechanics+and+Dynamical+Astronomy&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Krasinsky&rft.aufirst=G.+A.&rft.au=E.+V.+Pitjeva&rft.au=M.+L.+Sveshnikov&rft.au=L.+I.+Chuniaeva&rft.date=1993-01&rft.volume=55&rft.pages=1+%C3%A0+23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00694392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUnit%C3%A9+astronomique"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iau-comm4.jpl.nasa.gov/de405iom/de405iom.pdf">Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Interoffice Memorandum<abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr></a>, NASA.gov.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/eph/planets/ioms/de410.iom.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">JPL Planettary Ephemeris DE410</span></cite></a> » <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, sur <span class="italique">nasa.gov</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2003-04-24" data-sort-value="2003-04-24">24 avril 2003</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-08-07" data-sort-value="2016-08-07">7 août 2016</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="KrasinskyBrumberg2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Georgij_A._KrasinskyVictor_A._Brumberg2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Georgij A. <span class="nom_auteur">Krasinsky</span> et Victor A. <span class="nom_auteur">Brumberg</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Secular Increase of Astronomical Unit from Analysis of the Major Planet Motions, and its Interpretation</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy</span></span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 90, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéros">n<sup>os</sup></abbr> 3-4,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2004-11" data-sort-value="2004-11">novembre 2004</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">267-288</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10569-004-0633-z">10.1007/s10569-004-0633-z</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004CeMDA..90..267K">2004CeMDA..90..267K</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10569-004-0633-z">résumé</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iau-comm4.jpl.nasa.gov/GAKVAB.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-09-30" data-sort-value="2014-09-30">30 septembre 2014</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Secular+Increase+of+Astronomical+Unit+from+Analysis+of+the+Major+Planet+Motions%2C+and+its+Interpretation&rft.jtitle=Celestial+Mechanics+and+Dynamical+Astronomy&rft.issue=3-4&rft.aulast=Krasinsky&rft.aufirst=Georgij+A.&rft.au=Brumberg%2C+Victor+A.&rft.date=2004-11&rft.volume=90&rft.pages=267-288&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10569-004-0633-z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUnit%C3%A9+astronomique"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nineplanets.org/questions/getting-closer-sun/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">Are We Getting Closer To The Sun?</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">The Nine Planets</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-03-14" data-sort-value="2022-03-14">14 mars 2022</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Siegel"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ethan_Siegel"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Ethan <span class="nom_auteur">Siegel</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/04/09/earth-is-spiraling-away-from-the-sun-for-now-but-will-eventually-crash-into-it/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Earth Is Spiraling Away From The Sun For Now, But Will Eventually Crash Into It</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Forbes</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-03-14" data-sort-value="2022-03-14">14 mars 2022</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parisobs-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Parisobs_14-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.obspm.fr/nouvelle-definition-de-l-unite-astronomique-149.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Observatoire de Paris. Nouvelle définition de l’unité astronomique</cite></a> »</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Thérèse Encrenaz <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i>, <i>Le Système solaire</i>,  <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> EDP/CNRS, 2003, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 274, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=ic3lN9_ow_EC&pg=PA274">extrait en ligne</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Goldstein1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="S._J._Goldstein_Jr.1985"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> S. J. <span class="nom_auteur">Goldstein</span> Jr., « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Christiaan Huygens' measurement of the distance to the Sun</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">The Observatory</span></span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 105,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1985-04" data-sort-value="1985-04">avril 1985</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">32-33</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985Obs...105...32G">1985Obs...105...32G</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Christiaan+Huygens%27+measurement+of+the+distance+to+the+Sun&rft.jtitle=The+Observatory&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=S.+J.&rtf.ausuffix =Jr.&rft.date=1985-04&rft.volume=105&rft.pages=32-33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUnit%C3%A9+astronomique"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="EncrenazLequeux2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Thérèse_EncrenazJames_Lequeux2014">Thérèse Encrenaz et James Lequeux, <cite class="italique">L'Exploration des planètes : De Galilée à nos jours... et au-delà</cite>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Belin" class="mw-redirect" title="Éditions Belin">Belin</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Pour la science », <time>2014</time>, 223 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7011-6195-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7011-6195-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7011-6195-2</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> 1 (« Les grandes découvertes du <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle »), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 29<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Exploration+des+plan%C3%A8tes&rft.atitle=Les+grandes+d%C3%A9couvertes+du+XVIIe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Belin&rft.stitle=De+Galil%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+nos+jours...+et+au-del%C3%A0&rft.aulast=Encrenaz&rft.aufirst=Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se&rft.au=James+Lequeux&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=29&rft.tpages=223&rft.isbn=978-2-7011-6195-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUnit%C3%A9+astronomique"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C3%A9_astronomique&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_de_constantes_et_param%C3%A8tres_astrophysiques" title="Table de constantes et paramètres astrophysiques">Table de constantes et paramètres astrophysiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Transit de Vénus">Transit de Vénus</a>, une méthode classique de mesure de l’unité astronomique</li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Grandeurs_et_unit%C3%A9s" title="Modèle:Palette Grandeurs et unités"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Grandeurs_et_unit%C3%A9s&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Grandeur_physique" title="Grandeur physique">Grandeurs physiques</a> <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_fondamentale" title="Unité fondamentale">fondamentales</a> et <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_mesure" title="Unité de mesure">unités de mesure</a> usuelles associées</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Longueur" title="Longueur">Longueur</a> (L)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_longueur" title="Unité de longueur">Unités de longueur</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8tre" title="Mètre">mètre (m)</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Centim%C3%A8tre" title="Centimètre">centimètre (cm)</a> et <a href="/wiki/Millim%C3%A8tre" title="Millimètre">millimètre (mm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilom%C3%A8tre" title="Kilomètre">kilomètre (km)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verge_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Verge (unité)">verge ou yard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pied_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Pied (unité)">pied</a> et <a href="/wiki/Pouce_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Pouce (unité)">pouce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille_terrestre_international" title="Mille terrestre international">mille terrestre (mi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille_marin" title="Mille marin">mille marin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milli%C3%A8me_de_pouce" title="Millième de pouce">thou ou mil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microm%C3%A8tre" title="Micromètre">micromètre (μm)</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="anciennement">anc.</abbr> micron (µ))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanom%C3%A8tre" title="Nanomètre">nanomètre (nm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström">ångström (Å)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picom%C3%A8tre" title="Picomètre">picomètre (pm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femtom%C3%A8tre" title="Femtomètre">femtomètre (fm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e-lumi%C3%A8re" title="Année-lumière">année-lumière (al)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec (pc)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">unité astronomique (au)</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Masse" title="Masse">Masse</a> (M)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_masse" title="Unité de masse">Unités de masse</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kilogramme" title="Kilogramme">kilogramme (kg)</a></b> et <a href="/wiki/Gramme" title="Gramme">gramme (g)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livre_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Livre (unité)">livre (lb)</a> et <a href="/wiki/Once_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Once (unité)">once (oz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne (t)</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Temps" title="Temps">Temps</a> (T)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_temps" title="Unité de temps">Unité de temps</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Seconde_(temps)" title="Seconde (temps)">seconde (s)</a></b></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Courant_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Courant électrique">Intensité électrique</a> (I)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Grandeur_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Grandeur électrique">Unité électrique</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amp%C3%A8re" title="Ampère">ampère (A)</a></b></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_thermodynamique" title="Température thermodynamique">Température</a> (<a href="/wiki/Th%C3%AAta" title="Thêta">Θ</a>)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; width:16em;"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_temp%C3%A9rature" title="Unité de température">Unités de température</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin (K)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_Celsius" title="Degré Celsius">degré Celsius (°C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_Fahrenheit" title="Degré Fahrenheit">degré Fahrenheit (°F)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_Rankine" title="Échelle Rankine">degré Rankine (°Ra)</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Quantit%C3%A9_de_mati%C3%A8re" title="Quantité de matière">Qté de matière</a> (N)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; width:16em;"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_quantit%C3%A9_de_mati%C3%A8re" title="Unité de quantité de matière">Unité de quantité de matière</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mole_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Mole (unité)">mole (mol)</a></b></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Intensit%C3%A9_lumineuse" title="Intensité lumineuse">Intensité lumineuse</a> (J)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; width:16em;"><a href="/wiki/Photom%C3%A9trie_(optique)" title="Photométrie (optique)">Unités photométriques</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Candela" title="Candela">candela (cd)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougie_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Bougie (unité)">bougie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Guillaume_Carcel#Une_ancienne_unité_de_mesure" title="Bertrand Guillaume Carcel">carcel</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_international_d%27unit%C3%A9s" title="Système international d'unités">Système international d'unités</a> (SI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9s_de_base_du_Syst%C3%A8me_international" title="Unités de base du Système international">Unités de base du SI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analyse_dimensionnelle" title="Analyse dimensionnelle">Analyse dimensionnelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordre_de_grandeur" title="Ordre de grandeur">Ordre de grandeur</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <small>Remarques : En <b>gras</b> : les <span class="nowrap">7 unités</span> de base légales du SI ; les grandeurs et unités photométriques sont les seules références subjectives du SI --</small></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronomie" title="Portail de l’astronomie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/25px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/37px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/50px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronomie" title="Portail:Astronomie">Portail de l’astronomie</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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