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itemProp="codingSystem" content="ICD9"/></span><span itemProp="code" itemscope="" itemType="http://schema.org/MedicalCode"><meta itemProp="code" content="E05"/><meta itemProp="codingSystem" content="ICD10"/></span></div><div class="TopicHead_topic__header__container__sJqaX TopicHead_headerContainerMediaNone__s8aMz"><div class="TopicHead_topic__authors__UUjjY TopicHead_topic__authors__container__Aiuqq"><h1 class="readable TopicHead_topicHeaderTittle__miyQz"><span>Hyperthyroidism</span></h1><h2 class="TopicHead_topic__section__HZyai undefined readable"><span>(Thyrotoxicosis, including Graves Disease)</span></h2><div class="TopicHead_topic__authors_main_cont__FaJd_"><div class="TopicHead_topic__authors__description__5Dot3"><span>By</span><span class="TopicHead_authorName__Tz94S"><a href="/home/authors/boucai-laura" class="TopicHead_authorsName__b8kOx">Laura Boucai</a>, MD, <span class="TopicHead_authorAffiliation__8Aky4">Weill Cornell Medical College</span></span></div><div class="TopicHead_topic__authors__description__5Dot3"></div><div class="TopicHead_topic__revision__iWf71 false false"><div>Reviewed/Revised Feb 2024</div></div></div></div><div class="TopicHead_rightBlockContainer___QNPn"><div tabindex="0" class="TopicHead_topic_version__6eCLj TopicHead_topic__switch_version__top__16QrI" aria-label="VIEW PROFESSIONAL VERSION"><div class="TopicHead_switch_version__container__g3Hc_"><i class="TopicHead_switch_version__icon__7QIew"></i><div class="TopicHead_switchVersionText__ATRkS">VIEW PROFESSIONAL VERSION</div></div></div><a class="TopicHead_quickFactswitchLinkWrap__Fu5aQ" href="/home/quick-facts-hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hyperthyroidism"><div class="TopicHead_quickFactswitch__roU95"><div class="TopicHead_quickFactswitchIcon__k6NvR"></div><div class="TopicHead_quickFactswitchText__CL_Yi">GET THE QUICK FACTS</div></div></a></div></div></div><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para"><span class="TopicPara_topic_explanation__0yzsi themeLight TopicPara_topicDefinition__I_NB2" data-testid="topicDefinition"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Hyperthyroidism is overactivity of the thyroid gland that leads to high levels of thyroid hormones and speeding up of vital body functions.</span></span></p><div class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavigation__sVYO_ false false" data-testid="Topic-subnavigation"><ul class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavList__n0bqF"><li class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavListItem__IusSt"><a href="#Causes_v772012" class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavListItemLink__HHkSo">Causes</a><span class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavListItemLinkSeparator__SAHUd">|</span></li><li class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavListItem__IusSt"><a href="#Symptoms_v772034" class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavListItemLink__HHkSo">Symptoms</a><span class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavListItemLinkSeparator__SAHUd">|</span></li><li class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavListItem__IusSt"><a href="#Diagnosis_v772059" class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavListItemLink__HHkSo">Diagnosis</a><span class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavListItemLinkSeparator__SAHUd">|</span></li><li class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavListItem__IusSt"><a href="#Treatment_v772064" class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavListItemLink__HHkSo">Treatment</a><span class="TopicSubNavigation_topicSubNavListItemLinkSeparator__SAHUd">|</span></li></ul></div><div data-testid="topic-resource"></div><div data-testid="topic-main-content" class="TopicMainContent_content__MEmoN "><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772000" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"></span></p><ul class="TopicList_topicList__IirPO undefined undefined"><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772004" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772006" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Heart rate and blood pressure may increase, heart rhythms may be abnormal, and people may sweat excessively, feel nervous and anxious, have difficulty sleeping, lose weight without trying, and have an increased frequency of bowel movements.</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772008" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Blood tests can confirm the diagnosis.</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772010" data-testid="topicPara"></p></li></ul><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v50223921" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">The thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormones, which control the speed at which the body’s chemical functions proceed (metabolic rate). Thyroid hormones affect many vital body functions, such as the heart rate, the rate at which calories are burned, skin maintenance, growth, heat production, fertility, and digestion. There are 2 thyroid hormones:</span></p><ul class="TopicList_topicList__IirPO undefined undefined"><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v50223924" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">T4: Thyroxine (also called tetraiodothyronine)</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v50223926" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">T3: </span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"><span class="genericDrug" data-showrollover="false">Triiodothyronine</span></span></p></li></ul><div data-testid="topicVideo" class="TopicVideo_topicVideoComponent___sq3Z consumer false"><div class="TopicVideo_topicVideoContainer__Bhm_t TopicVideo_topicVideoContainerSideline__EYSLH false" id="v49313517" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="The ThyroidExpand thevideo"><div class="TopicVideo_topicVideoHeader__RFl71 false"><div class="TopicVideo_topicVideoTitleContainer__vLRMQ"><span class="TopicVideo_topicVideoTitle__dlGRM">The Thyroid</span></div><div data-testid="expandButton" class="ExpandButtonComponent_consumer__Viz94 ExpandButtonComponent_expandIcon__hjSiD false"></div></div><div class="TopicVideo_videoThumbnail__9DLui"><div class="TopicVideo_videoThumbnailContainer__DbMG3 false" tabindex="-1"><div class="TopicThumbnail_TopicThumbnail__kxsNY"><div class="TopicThumbnail_featuredWidget__he55w TopicThumbnail_featuredWidgetColor__ObF_B "><div class="TopicThumbnail_widget___NT3c"><div class="TopicThumbnail_feature__Sdml8"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%270%27%20height=%270%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" srcSet="https://cf-images.us-east-1.prod.boltdns.net/v1/static/3850378299001/554c570d-3cce-4958-8cfb-37e2a8b270a6/691972a0-4a09-47e8-9899-b3436e3cf8e0/1280x720/match/image.jpg 1x" src="https://cf-images.us-east-1.prod.boltdns.net/v1/static/3850378299001/554c570d-3cce-4958-8cfb-37e2a8b270a6/691972a0-4a09-47e8-9899-b3436e3cf8e0/1280x720/match/image.jpg" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="TopicThumbnail_featuredMediaOverlay__toNvZ"><div class="TopicThumbnail_featuredMediaPlayButton___QVpQ TopicThumbnail_playHome__2s_fj"></div></div><div class="TopicThumbnail_tag__zvFah">video</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v50223929" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">The pituitary gland produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. The pituitary gland slows or speeds the release of TSH, depending on whether the levels of thyroid hormones circulating in the blood are getting too high or too low. </span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v27410175" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">(See also </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/overview-of-the-thyroid-gland"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Overview of the Thyroid Gland</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">.)</span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772011" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Hyperthyroidism affects about 1% of people in the United States. It can occur at any age but is more common in women between the ages of 20 and 50 years.</span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v88082179" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Neonatal Graves disease is the most common cause of </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/children-s-health-issues/hormonal-disorders-in-children/hyperthyroidism-in-infants-and-children"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">hyperthyroidism in newborns and children</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> and is caused by abnormal antibodies from the mother that pass through the placenta and stimulate the thyroid of the newborn.</span></p><a id="causes" class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionWithoutScroll__115UO" tabindex="-1" data-testid="topicFHead"></a><a id="v772012" class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionWithoutScroll__115UO" tabindex="-1"></a><a id="v772013" class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionWithoutScroll__115UO" tabindex="-1"></a><section id="Causes_v772012" itemProp="" itemscope="" itemType="" class=" consumer TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionIdWithoutScroll__FtdxU"><h2 id="Causes_v772013" class="TopicFHead_topicFHead__upuEK consumer sticky-fhead readable" data-originaltitle="Causes"><span class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadTitle__pl6da"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Causes of Hyperthyroidism</span></span><span class="hidden-span"></span></h2><div class="TopicFHead_fHeadBody__mLB6h"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772014" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">The </span><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">most common</span></b><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> causes include</span></p><ul class="TopicList_topicList__IirPO undefined undefined"><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v4729855" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Graves disease</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v27410178" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Toxic (hormone-producing) multinodular goiter</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v38402087" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Single toxic nodule </span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v4729857" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Thyroiditis </span></p></li></ul><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772015" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Graves disease,</span></b><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, is an </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/immune-disorders/allergic-reactions-and-other-hypersensitivity-disorders/autoimmune-disorders"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">autoimmune disorder</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">. In an autoimmune disorder, the person's immune system produces antibodies that attack the body's own tissues. Usually, the antibodies damage cells and worsen their ability to function. However, in Graves disease, the antibodies stimulate the thyroid gland to produce and secrete excess thyroid hormones into the blood. This cause of hyperthyroidism is often hereditary and almost always leads to enlargement of the thyroid.</span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v27410184" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Toxic multinodular goiter</span></b><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> (Plummer disease), in which there are many nodules (small lumps), one or more of which may start to produce and secrete excess thyroid hormone. This disorder is more common with aging and is uncommon in adolescents and young adults. </span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772020" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Thyroiditis</span></b><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> is inflammation of the thyroid gland. The inflammation can be caused by a viral infection (</span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/subacute-thyroiditis"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">subacute thyroiditis</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">), autoimmune thyroid inflammation that occurs after childbirth (</span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/silent-lymphocytic-thyroiditis"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">silent lymphocytic thyroiditis</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">), and, much less often, chronic autoimmune inflammation (</span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hashimoto-thyroiditis"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Hashimoto thyroiditis</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">). At first, the inflammation causes hyperthyroidism as stored hormones are released from the inflamed gland. Later on, </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hypothyroidism"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">hypothyroidism</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> usually follows because the levels of stored hormones are depleted. However, in people with subacute or silent lymphocytic thyroiditis, the gland usually returns to normal function.</span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772025" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">A </span><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">toxic (overactive) thyroid nodule</span></b><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> (a benign tumor, or adenoma) is an area of abnormal local tissue growth within the thyroid gland. This abnormal tissue produces thyroid hormones even without stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones). Thus, a nodule escapes the mechanisms that normally control the thyroid gland and produces thyroid hormones in large quantities. </span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v4729858" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Other causes</span></b><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> of hyperthyroidism include</span></p><ul class="TopicList_topicList__IirPO undefined undefined"><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757181" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Some medications, including too much thyroid hormone taken orally</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757183" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Rarely, overstimulation due to an overactive pituitary gland </span></p></li></ul><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772032" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Medications and iodine</span></b></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772033" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">An overactive pituitary gland</span></b><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> can produce too much thyroid-stimulating hormone, which in turn leads to overproduction of thyroid hormones. However, this is an extremely rare cause of hyperthyroidism.</span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v88082181" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Other rare causes of hyperthyroidism include certain abnormalities of the placenta that produce excess levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin, which can stimulate the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormone, certain tumors of the ovary that contain thyroid tissue, and thyroid cancer that has spread to other areas of the body.</span></p></div></section><a id="symptoms" class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionWithoutScroll__115UO" tabindex="-1" data-testid="topicFHead"></a><a id="v772034" class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionWithoutScroll__115UO" tabindex="-1"></a><a id="v772035" class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionWithoutScroll__115UO" tabindex="-1"></a><section id="Symptoms_v772034" itemProp="" itemscope="" itemType="" class=" consumer TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionIdWithoutScroll__FtdxU"><h2 id="Symptoms_v772035" class="TopicFHead_topicFHead__upuEK consumer sticky-fhead readable" data-originaltitle="Symptoms"><span class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadTitle__pl6da"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism</span></span><span class="hidden-span"></span></h2><div class="TopicFHead_fHeadBody__mLB6h"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772036" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Most people with hyperthyroidism have an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter). The entire gland may be enlarged, or nodules may develop within certain areas. If people have </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/subacute-thyroiditis"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">subacute thyroiditis</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">, the gland may be tender and painful.</span></p><div class="false" data-testid="topicImage"><div tabindex="0" dir="ltr" class="TopicImage_topicImageComponentSideline__fbZmd consumer" aria-expanded="false" role="button" aria-label="Graves Disease (Enlarged Thyroid Gland) Expand the Image"><div class="TopicImage_topicImageContainer__vb5af TopicImage_topicImageContainerSideline__ZqREE " id="v27410090"><div class="TopicImage_topicImageHeader__Yua9f"><span class="TopicImage_topicImageTitle__cz5v1">Graves Disease (Enlarged Thyroid Gland)</span><div data-testid="expandButton" class="ExpandButtonComponent_consumer__Viz94 ExpandButtonComponent_expandIcon__hjSiD false"></div></div><div class="TopicImage_imageThumbnail__fqKgv false"><div class="TopicImage_imageThumbnailContainer__l4biM" tabindex="-1"><div class="TopicImage_thumnailContainer__Vvv_N"><div class="TopicThumbnail_TopicThumbnail__kxsNY"><div class="TopicThumbnail_featuredWidget__he55w TopicThumbnail_featuredWidgetColor__ObF_B "><div class="TopicThumbnail_widget___NT3c"><div class="TopicThumbnail_topicImages__j8UaK"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%271000%27%20height=%27562%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/1/g/71_graves_disease_slide_12_alternative_springer_high.jpg?mw=1080&thn=0&sc_lang=en 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/1/g/71_graves_disease_slide_12_alternative_springer_high.jpg?mw=2048&thn=0&sc_lang=en 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/1/g/71_graves_disease_slide_12_alternative_springer_high.jpg?mw=2048&thn=0&sc_lang=en" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="TopicThumbnail_tag__zvFah">Image</div></div></div></div></div><div class="TopicImage_description__BIkU3" tabindex="-1"><span id="v88082132" class="anchor" ></span><div class="para" > <p >© Springer Science+Business Media</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772038" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Symptoms of hyperthyroidism, regardless of the cause, reflect the speeding up of body functions:</span></p><ul class="TopicList_topicList__IirPO undefined undefined"><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757187" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Increased heart rate and blood pressure </span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757189" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Palpitations due to </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/overview-of-abnormal-heart-rhythms"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">abnormal heart rhythms</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> (arrhythmias)</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757191" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Excessive sweating and feeling too warm</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757193" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Hand tremors (shakiness)</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757195" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Nervousness and anxiety</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757197" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Difficulty sleeping (insomnia)</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757199" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Weight loss despite increased appetite</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757201" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Increased activity level despite fatigue and weakness</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757203" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Frequent bowel movements, occasionally with diarrhea</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v38402090" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Change in menstrual periods in women</span></p></li></ul><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757204" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Older adults with hyperthyroidism may not develop these characteristic symptoms but have what is sometimes called apathetic or masked hyperthyroidism, in which they become weak, confused, withdrawn, and depressed. </span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v88082184" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Hyperthyroidism can cause changes in the eyes. A person with hyperthyroidism may appear to be staring.</span></p><div data-testid="baseillustrative" class="undefined consumer false false"><div class="BaseIllustrative_baseillustrative__Hz2Tz false BaseIllustrative_sidebarHalfPageContainer__D46N0"><div class="BaseIllustrative_sidebarHalfPage__1Df0K false"><div data-testid="expandButton" class="ExpandButtonComponent_consumer__Viz94 ExpandButtonComponent_expandIcon__hjSiD false"></div><div><div dir="ltr" data-testid="BaseTableView" class="undefined undefined"><div tabindex="0"><h3 class="consumer TableHeader_title__khzlk false false TableHeader_tableHeaderWithoutScroll__fsJfB " id="v772055"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Spotlight on Aging: Hyperthyroidism in Older Adults</span></p></h3></div><div tabindex="-1" class="TopicTableView_tableWrap__sELQk "><table><tbody class="undefined"><tr data-testid="TopicTableBodyView"><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594037" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Hyperthyroidism affects about 1% of people but is more common in older adults. It is often more serious among older adults because they tend to have other disorders as well.</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594038" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Hyperthyroidism in older adults often results from Graves disease. Almost as often, hyperthyroidism is caused by the gradual growth of many small lumps in the thyroid gland that produce thyroid hormones (toxic thyroid nodules). </span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594039" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Older adults are more likely to be treated with medications that can cause hyperthyroidism. The most common is </span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"><span class="genericDrug" data-showrollover="false">amiodarone</span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">, a medication used to treat heart disease but which may stimulate or damage the thyroid gland.</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594040" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Hyperthyroidism can cause many vague symptoms that can be attributed to other conditions. Typically, symptoms in older adults differ from those in younger people.</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594041" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Among older adults, the most common symptoms are weight loss and fatigue. The heart rate may or may not be increased, and the eyes usually do not bulge. Older adults are also more likely to have abnormal heart rhythms (such as </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/atrial-fibrillation-and-atrial-flutter"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">atrial fibrillation</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">), other heart problems (such as </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/angina"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">angina</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> and </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/heart-failure/heart-failure-hf"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">heart failure</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">), and constipation.</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594042" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Occasionally, older adults sweat profusely, become nervous and anxious, and have hand tremors and frequent bowel movements or diarrhea.</span></p></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div></div><section id="v12757210" data-testid="topicHHead"><h3 class="TopicHHead_headerTag__aY5JQ readable "><span class="consumer TopicHHead_topicHHead__b2FTz false"><span id="v12757211" class="TopicHHead_topicHHeadScroll__p8i3f">Graves disease</span></span></h3><div><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757212" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">If the cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves disease, specific eye symptoms (sometimes called thyroid eye disease) and skin symptoms (called infiltrative dermopathy) occur. </span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v88082185" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Eye symptoms include puffiness around the eyes, increased tear formation, irritation, and unusual sensitivity to light. Two distinctive additional symptoms may occur:</span></p><ul class="TopicList_topicList__IirPO undefined undefined"><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757216" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/eye-disorders/symptoms-of-eye-disorders/bulging-eyes"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Bulging eyes</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> (exophthalmos, or proptosis) </span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757221" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/eye-disorders/symptoms-of-eye-disorders/double-vision"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Double vision</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> (diplopia)</span></p></li></ul><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757225" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">The eyes bulge outward because of inflammation in the eye sockets (orbits). The muscles that move the eyes become inflamed and unable to function properly, making it difficult or impossible to move the eyes normally or to coordinate eye movements, resulting in double vision. The eyelids may not close completely (called eyelid lag), exposing the eyes to injury from foreign particles and dryness. These eye changes may begin before any other symptoms of hyperthyroidism, providing an early clue to Graves disease, but most often eye changes occur when other symptoms of hyperthyroidism are noticed. Eye symptoms may even appear or worsen after the excessive thyroid hormone secretion has been treated and controlled.</span></p><div class="TopicCarousel_topicCarouselContainer__hwVZL themeLight false consumer" data-testid="caraouselItem"><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselHeader__MvfiH consumer }"><div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselHeading__xWokX"><div>Appearance of the Eyes in Graves Disease</div></div></div><div class="TopicCarousel_popupImage__nCL_4" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Appearance of the Eyes in Graves DiseaseExpand" aria-expanded="false"></div></div><button disabled="" class="TopicCarousel_carouselPrevButton__mbpUB" aria-label="Previous"></button><div class="TopicCarousel_topicCarousel__uuDmD undefined TopicCarousel_disableprevIcon__0fc3c false carousel slide"><div class="carousel-indicators"><button type="button" data-bs-target="" aria-label="Slide 1" class="active" aria-current="true"></button><button type="button" data-bs-target="" aria-label="Slide 2" aria-current="false"></button><button type="button" data-bs-target="" aria-label="Slide 3" aria-current="false"></button><button type="button" data-bs-target="" aria-label="Slide 4" aria-current="false"></button></div><div class="carousel-inner"><div class="active carousel-item"><div><div class="TopicCarousel_figuresContainer__48Jwq" tabindex="0" role="button"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27300%27%20height=%27383%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Eye Symptoms in Graves Disease" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Eye Symptoms in Graves Disease" srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/i/n/f/infiltrative_ophthalmopathy_consumer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/i/n/f/infiltrative_ophthalmopathy_consumer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/i/n/f/infiltrative_ophthalmopathy_consumer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemTitle__8vHjq">Eye Symptoms in Graves Disease</div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemDescription__BaocI"><span><span id="v94403302" class="anchor"></span><div class="para"> <p>A person with Graves disease may have bulging eyes, eye misalignment (strabismus), and eyelids that do not completely close.</p></div></span><span class="TopicCarousel_readMore__U3SfF" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="read more">... read more</span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemCredits__6vJbm"><span id="v88082141" class="anchor" ></span><div class="para" > <p >By permission of the publisher. From Mulligan M, Cousins M. In <i >Atlas of Anesthesia: Preoperative Preparation and Intraoperative Monitoring</i>. Edited by R Miller (series editor) and JL Lichtor. Philadelphia, Current Medicine, 1998.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="carousel-item"><div><div class="TopicCarousel_figuresContainer__48Jwq" tabindex="0" role="button"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27300%27%20height=%27203%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Exophthalmos (Bulging Eyes) in Graves Disease" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Exophthalmos (Bulging Eyes) in Graves Disease" srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/3/g/73_graves_disease_slide_6_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/3/g/73_graves_disease_slide_6_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/3/g/73_graves_disease_slide_6_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemTitle__8vHjq">Exophthalmos (Bulging Eyes) in Graves Disease</div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemDescription__BaocI"><span><span id="v94403304" class="anchor"></span><div class="para"> <p>Graves disease, a type of hyperthyroidism, causes the eyes to bulge outward. </p></div></span><span class="TopicCarousel_readMore__U3SfF" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="read more"></span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemCredits__6vJbm"><span id="v88082145" class="anchor" ></span><div class="para" > <p >© Springer Science+Business Media</p></div></div></div></div><div class="carousel-item"><div><div class="TopicCarousel_figuresContainer__48Jwq" tabindex="0" role="button"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27300%27%20height=%27173%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Inability to Close the Eyes in Graves Disease" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Inability to Close the Eyes in Graves Disease" srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/8/3/g/83_graves_disease_slide_8_consumer_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/8/3/g/83_graves_disease_slide_8_consumer_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/8/3/g/83_graves_disease_slide_8_consumer_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemTitle__8vHjq">Inability to Close the Eyes in Graves Disease</div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemDescription__BaocI"><span><span id="v94403306" class="anchor"></span><div class="para"> <p>In Graves disease, the eyelids may not close completely due to bulging of the eyes, exposing the eyes to injury from foreign particles and dryness.</p></div></span><span class="TopicCarousel_readMore__U3SfF" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="read more">... read more</span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemCredits__6vJbm"><span id="v88082149" class="anchor" ></span><div class="para" > <p >© Springer Science+Business Media</p></div></div></div></div><div class="carousel-item"><div><div class="TopicCarousel_figuresContainer__48Jwq" tabindex="0" role="button"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27300%27%20height=%27136%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Puffiness Around the Eyes in Graves Disease" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Puffiness Around the Eyes in Graves Disease" srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/4/g/74_graves_disease_slide_7_consumer_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/4/g/74_graves_disease_slide_7_consumer_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/4/g/74_graves_disease_slide_7_consumer_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemTitle__8vHjq">Puffiness Around the Eyes in Graves Disease</div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemDescription__BaocI"><span><span id="v94403308" class="anchor"></span><div class="para"> <p>In Graves disease, people may have puffiness around the eyes.</p></div></span><span class="TopicCarousel_readMore__U3SfF" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="read more"></span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemCredits__6vJbm"><span id="v88082153" class="anchor" ></span><div class="para" > <p >© Springer Science+Business Media</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><button class="TopicCarousel_carouselNextButton__aLB0Q" aria-label="Next"></button><div class="TopicCarousel_mediaPrintContainerPrint__XWiZb"><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselList__zYDPA"><div><div class="TopicCarousel_figuresContainer__48Jwq" tabindex="0" role="button"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27300%27%20height=%27383%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Eye Symptoms in Graves Disease" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Eye Symptoms in Graves Disease" srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/i/n/f/infiltrative_ophthalmopathy_consumer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/i/n/f/infiltrative_ophthalmopathy_consumer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/i/n/f/infiltrative_ophthalmopathy_consumer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemTitle__8vHjq">Eye Symptoms in Graves Disease</div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemDescription__BaocI"><span><span id="v94403302" class="anchor"></span><div class="para"> <p>A person with Graves disease may have bulging eyes, eye misalignment (strabismus), and eyelids that do not completely close.</p></div></span><span class="TopicCarousel_readMore__U3SfF" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="read more">... read more</span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemCredits__6vJbm"><span id="v88082141" class="anchor" ></span><div class="para" > <p >By permission of the publisher. From Mulligan M, Cousins M. In <i >Atlas of Anesthesia: Preoperative Preparation and Intraoperative Monitoring</i>. Edited by R Miller (series editor) and JL Lichtor. Philadelphia, Current Medicine, 1998.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselList__zYDPA"><div><div class="TopicCarousel_figuresContainer__48Jwq" tabindex="0" role="button"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27300%27%20height=%27203%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Exophthalmos (Bulging Eyes) in Graves Disease" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Exophthalmos (Bulging Eyes) in Graves Disease" srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/3/g/73_graves_disease_slide_6_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/3/g/73_graves_disease_slide_6_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/3/g/73_graves_disease_slide_6_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemTitle__8vHjq">Exophthalmos (Bulging Eyes) in Graves Disease</div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemDescription__BaocI"><span><span id="v94403304" class="anchor"></span><div class="para"> <p>Graves disease, a type of hyperthyroidism, causes the eyes to bulge outward. </p></div></span><span class="TopicCarousel_readMore__U3SfF" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="read more"></span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemCredits__6vJbm"><span id="v88082145" class="anchor" ></span><div class="para" > <p >© Springer Science+Business Media</p></div></div></div></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselList__zYDPA"><div><div class="TopicCarousel_figuresContainer__48Jwq" tabindex="0" role="button"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27300%27%20height=%27173%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Inability to Close the Eyes in Graves Disease" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Inability to Close the Eyes in Graves Disease" srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/8/3/g/83_graves_disease_slide_8_consumer_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/8/3/g/83_graves_disease_slide_8_consumer_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/8/3/g/83_graves_disease_slide_8_consumer_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemTitle__8vHjq">Inability to Close the Eyes in Graves Disease</div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemDescription__BaocI"><span><span id="v94403306" class="anchor"></span><div class="para"> <p>In Graves disease, the eyelids may not close completely due to bulging of the eyes, exposing the eyes to injury from foreign particles and dryness.</p></div></span><span class="TopicCarousel_readMore__U3SfF" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="read more">... read more</span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemCredits__6vJbm"><span id="v88082149" class="anchor" ></span><div class="para" > <p >© Springer Science+Business Media</p></div></div></div></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselList__zYDPA"><div><div class="TopicCarousel_figuresContainer__48Jwq" tabindex="0" role="button"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27300%27%20height=%27136%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Puffiness Around the Eyes in Graves Disease" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Puffiness Around the Eyes in Graves Disease" srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/4/g/74_graves_disease_slide_7_consumer_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/4/g/74_graves_disease_slide_7_consumer_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/7/4/g/74_graves_disease_slide_7_consumer_springer_high.jpg?mw=300&thn=0&sc_lang=en" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemTitle__8vHjq">Puffiness Around the Eyes in Graves Disease</div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemDescription__BaocI"><span><span id="v94403308" class="anchor"></span><div class="para"> <p>In Graves disease, people may have puffiness around the eyes.</p></div></span><span class="TopicCarousel_readMore__U3SfF" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="read more"></span></div><div class="TopicCarousel_carouselItemCredits__6vJbm"><span id="v88082153" class="anchor" ></span><div class="para" > <p >© Springer Science+Business Media</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="false" data-testid="topicImage"><div tabindex="0" dir="ltr" class="TopicImage_topicImageComponentSideline__fbZmd consumer" aria-expanded="false" role="button" aria-label="Skin Changes in Graves Disease Expand the Image"><div class="TopicImage_topicImageContainer__vb5af TopicImage_topicImageContainerSideline__ZqREE " id="v38402051"><div class="TopicImage_topicImageHeader__Yua9f"><span class="TopicImage_topicImageTitle__cz5v1">Skin Changes in Graves Disease</span><div data-testid="expandButton" class="ExpandButtonComponent_consumer__Viz94 ExpandButtonComponent_expandIcon__hjSiD false"></div></div><div class="TopicImage_imageThumbnail__fqKgv false"><div class="TopicImage_imageThumbnailContainer__l4biM" tabindex="-1"><div class="TopicImage_thumnailContainer__Vvv_N"><div class="TopicThumbnail_TopicThumbnail__kxsNY"><div class="TopicThumbnail_featuredWidget__he55w TopicThumbnail_featuredWidgetColor__ObF_B "><div class="TopicThumbnail_widget___NT3c"><div class="TopicThumbnail_topicImages__j8UaK"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27923%27%20height=%271000%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/4/9/7/497-pretibial-myxedema-consumer-slide-5-springer-high.jpg?mw=1080&thn=0&sc_lang=en 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/4/9/7/497-pretibial-myxedema-consumer-slide-5-springer-high.jpg?mw=1920&thn=0&sc_lang=en 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/home/images/4/9/7/497-pretibial-myxedema-consumer-slide-5-springer-high.jpg?mw=1920&thn=0&sc_lang=en" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="TopicThumbnail_tag__zvFah">Image</div></div></div></div></div><div class="TopicImage_description__BIkU3" tabindex="-1"><span id="v88082157" class="anchor" ></span><div class="para" > <p >© Springer Science+Business Media</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757228" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">When Graves disease affects the eyes, there may also be thickening of the skin, usually over the shins, which has the texture of an orange-peel. The thickened area may be itchy and feels hard when pressed with a finger. As with deposits behind the eyes, this problem may begin before or after other symptoms of hyperthyroidism are noticed.</span></p></div></section><section id="v12757229" data-testid="topicHHead"><h3 class="TopicHHead_headerTag__aY5JQ readable "><span class="consumer TopicHHead_topicHHead__b2FTz false"><span id="v12757230" class="TopicHHead_topicHHeadScroll__p8i3f">Thyroid storm</span></span></h3><div><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757233" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Thyroid storm, which is sudden extreme overactivity of the thyroid gland, is a life-threatening emergency. All body functions are accelerated to dangerously high levels. Severe strain on the heart can lead to a life-threatening irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), extremely fast pulse, and shock. Thyroid storm may also cause fever, extreme weakness, restlessness, mood swings, confusion, altered consciousness (even coma), and an enlarged liver with mild </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/manifestations-of-liver-disease/jaundice-in-adults"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">jaundice</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> (a yellowish discoloration of the skin and the whites of the eyes).</span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757234" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Thyroid storm is generally caused by untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism and can be triggered by infection, injury, surgery, poorly controlled diabetes, pregnancy or labor, or other stresses. Also, thyroid storm can occur when medications being used to treat thyroid problems are stopped. It is rare in children.</span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757235" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Thyroid storm is diagnosed by a person's symptoms and examination findings. People are treated with medications used to treat hyperthyroidism and with measures to treat complications (such as fever or altered consciousness). Typically, people with thyroid storm are treated in an intensive care unit.</span></p></div></section></div></section><a id="diagnosis" class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionWithoutScroll__115UO" tabindex="-1"></a><a id="v772059" class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionWithoutScroll__115UO" tabindex="-1"></a><a id="v772060" class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionWithoutScroll__115UO" tabindex="-1"></a><section id="Diagnosis_v772059" class=" consumer TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionIdWithoutScroll__FtdxU"><h2 id="Diagnosis_v772060" class="TopicFHead_topicFHead__upuEK consumer sticky-fhead readable" data-originaltitle="Diagnosis"><span class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadTitle__pl6da"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism</span></span><span class="hidden-span"></span></h2><div class="TopicFHead_fHeadBody__mLB6h"><ul class="TopicList_topicList__IirPO undefined undefined"><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v27410196" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Thyroid function blood tests</span></p></li></ul><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772061" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Doctors usually suspect hyperthyroidism on the basis of the symptoms and findings on physical examination, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. </span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v88082187" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/overview-of-the-thyroid-gland#v12757016"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Thyroid function blood tests</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> are used to confirm the diagnosis. Often, testing begins with measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). If the thyroid gland is overactive, the level of TSH is low. However, in rare cases in which the pituitary gland is overactive, the level of TSH is normal or high. If the level of TSH in the blood is low, doctors measure the levels of the thyroid hormones in the blood. If there is a question of whether Graves disease is the cause, doctors check a sample of blood for the presence of antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland (thyroid-stimulating antibodies). </span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772063" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">If a thyroid nodule is suspected as the cause, a </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/overview-of-the-thyroid-gland#v12757030"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">thyroid scan</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> will show whether the nodule is overactive, that is, whether it is producing excess hormones. Such a scan may also help doctors in their evaluation of Graves disease. In a person with Graves disease, the scan shows the entire gland to be overactive, not just one area. In thyroiditis, the scan shows low activity because of the inflammation.</span></p></div></section><a id="treatment" class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionWithoutScroll__115UO" tabindex="-1" data-testid="topicFHead"></a><a id="v772064" class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionWithoutScroll__115UO" tabindex="-1"></a><a id="v772065" class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionWithoutScroll__115UO" tabindex="-1"></a><section id="Treatment_v772064" itemProp="" itemscope="" itemType="" class=" consumer TopicFHead_topicFHeadSectionIdWithoutScroll__FtdxU"><h2 id="Treatment_v772065" class="TopicFHead_topicFHead__upuEK consumer sticky-fhead readable" data-originaltitle="Treatment"><span class="TopicFHead_topicFHeadTitle__pl6da"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Treatment of Hyperthyroidism</span></span><span class="hidden-span"></span></h2><div class="TopicFHead_fHeadBody__mLB6h"><ul class="TopicList_topicList__IirPO undefined undefined"><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v27410200" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Treatment of cause</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v50223932" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Beta-blockers to block the effects of thyroid hormones</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v50223934" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Sometimes medications to block the production of thyroid hormones</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917937" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Sometimes radioactive iodine to destroy some or all of the thyroid gland</span></p></li><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v50223936" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Sometimes surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid</span></p></li></ul><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v772066" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Treatment of hyperthyroidism depends on the cause. In most cases, the problem causing hyperthyroidism can be cured or the symptoms can be eliminated or greatly reduced. Left untreated, however, hyperthyroidism places undue stress on the heart and many other organs.</span></p><section id="v71917938" data-testid="topicHHead"><h3 class="TopicHHead_headerTag__aY5JQ readable "><span class="consumer TopicHHead_topicHHead__b2FTz false"><span id="v71917939" class="TopicHHead_topicHHeadScroll__p8i3f">Treatment with radioactive iodine</span></span></h3><div><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917940" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Radioactive iodine</span></b><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> may be given by mouth to destroy part of the thyroid gland. This is the most common treatment for hyperthyroidism. The radioactivity is mainly delivered to the thyroid gland because the thyroid gland takes up the iodine and concentrates it. Hospitalization is rarely necessary. After treatment, the person should probably not be near infants and young children for 2 to 4 days and should sleep in a separate bed separated at least 6 feet (about 2 meters) from the partner. Pregnancy should be avoided for about 6 to 12 months. People who have had radioactive iodine treatment should stay at least 6 feet away from pregnant women, infants, or small children for 6 to 23 days; the amount of time depends on the dose received. People who have had radioactive iodine treatment may set off radiation alarms at airports and sometimes other places for several weeks after treatment and, therefore, should carry a doctor’s note describing their treatment if they travel on public transportation.</span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917941" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Some doctors try to adjust the dose of radioactive iodine to destroy only enough of the thyroid gland to bring its hormone production back to normal, without reducing thyroid function too much. Other doctors use a larger dose to completely destroy the thyroid. Most of the time, people who undergo this treatment must take </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hypothyroidism#v772250"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">thyroid hormone replacement therapy</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> for the rest of their life. Although concerns have been raised that radioactive iodine may cause cancer, an increased risk of cancer in people who have had radioactive iodine treatment has never been confirmed. Radioactive iodine is not given to pregnant or nursing women because it crosses the placenta and enters the milk and may destroy the fetus’s or breastfed infant’s thyroid gland.</span></p><div data-testid="pearlDidyouknow" dir="ltr" class="TopicPearlDidYouKnow_pearlDidyouknow__bnaJ3 undefined consumer false"><div dir="ltr" class="TopicPearlDidYouKnow_pearlDidyouknowContainer__J6MPN"><div class="TopicPearlDidYouKnow_pearlDidyouknowInner__SaXRf TopicPearlDidYouKnow_DidYouKnow__VRxSp"><div dir="ltr" data-testid="BaseTableView" class="undefined TopicTableView_didYouKnow__CySZg"><div tabindex="-1"><h3 class="undefined TableHeader_title__khzlk false false TableHeader_tableHeaderWithoutScroll__fsJfB " id="v12757247"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Did You Know?</span></p></h3></div><div tabindex="-1" class="TopicTableView_tableWrap__sELQk "><table><tbody class="undefined"><tr data-testid="TopicTableBodyView"><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><ul class="TopicList_topicList__IirPO undefined TopicList_tableListView__LDSQy"><li data-testid="topicListItem"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594053" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">People who receive radioactive iodine should not go near infants and young children for 2 to 4 days.</span></p></li></ul></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="v12757237" data-testid="topicHHead"><h3 class="TopicHHead_headerTag__aY5JQ readable "><span class="consumer TopicHHead_topicHHead__b2FTz false"><span id="v12757238" class="TopicHHead_topicHHeadScroll__p8i3f">Treatment with medications</span></span></h3><div><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757239" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Beta-blockers</span></b></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757241" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"></b><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> and </span><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"></b><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> are the medications most commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism. They work by decreasing the gland’s production of thyroid hormones. Carbimazole, a medication that is widely used in Europe, is converted into </span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"><span class="genericDrug" data-showrollover="false">methimazole</span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> in the body. </span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"><span class="genericDrug" data-showrollover="false">Methimazole</span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> is usually preferred because </span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"><span class="genericDrug" data-showrollover="false">propylthiouracil</span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> may damage the liver in young people. Pregnant women who take </span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"><span class="genericDrug" data-showrollover="false">propylthiouracil</span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> or </span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"><span class="genericDrug" data-showrollover="false">methimazole</span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> are closely monitored because these medications cross the placenta and can cause goiter or </span><span data-testid="topicXlink"><span><a class="TopicXLink_title__vLmFe consumer" href="/home/children-s-health-issues/hormonal-disorders-in-children/hypothyroidism-in-infants-and-children"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">hypothyroidism in the fetus</span></a></span></span><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">. </span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917944" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Each medication is taken by mouth, beginning with high doses that are later adjusted according to blood test results. These medications can usually control thyroid function within 2 to 3 months. Larger doses of these medications may work more quickly but increase the risk of side effects. </span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757256" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Iodine,</span></b><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> given by mouth, is sometimes used to treat hyperthyroidism. It is reserved for people in whom rapid treatment is needed, such as those with thyroid storm. It may also be used to control hyperthyroidism until the person can have surgery to remove the thyroid. It is not used long-term.</span></p><div data-testid="baseillustrative" class="undefined consumer false false"><div dir="ltr" class="BaseIllustrative_container__cKwCT BaseIllustrative_tableBackground__6mzGb consumer false BaseIllustrative_topicTableSectionWithoutScroll__DtVfj" id="v55594056"><div class="BaseIllustrative_tableWrapper__fggU5"><div class="BaseIllustrative_tableHeading__t5UIy"><div class="BaseIllustrative_tableHeadingLabel__ywYW1">Table</div></div><div class="BaseIllustrative_tableContentWrapper__6JXUY consumer"><div class="BaseIllustrative_tableContent__iYc_w" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Hyperthyroidism Treatments" aria-expanded="false"><div class="BaseIllustrative_tableContentTitle__u_9Z4">Hyperthyroidism Treatments</div></div><div class="BaseIllustrative_imageThumbnail__piv0o"></div></div></div></div><div class="BaseIllustrative_tableInlinePrintWrap__8R0TT undefined"><div class="BaseIllustrative_tableInline__v2nVk BaseIllustrative_tableInlineFull__JZvwI BaseIllustrative_inlinetableWithoutScroll__77O9e" id="v55594056"><div class="BaseIllustrative_overflowXAuto__tcCYi"><div class="BaseIllustrative_tableInlineTitle__OygOI">Table </div><div class="BaseIllustrative_expandWraper__9beq7"><div data-testid="expandButton" class="ExpandButtonComponent_consumer__Viz94 ExpandButtonComponent_expandIcon__hjSiD false"></div></div><div><div class="PopupTable_container__aVMmA undefined undefined consumer undefined consumer PopupTable_fontSize1__4kzcd false undefined popup-table " data-testid="popupTable"><div class="PopupTable_content__7KnWs TablePopupTable_doNotShowInPopup__1Y_VD"><div class="PopupTable_baseTableContainer__iq3gi"><div dir="ltr" data-testid="BaseTableView" class="undefined undefined"><div tabindex="-1"><h3 class="undefined TableHeader_title__khzlk false false TableHeader_tableHeaderWithoutScroll__fsJfB " id="v55594056"><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Hyperthyroidism Treatments</span></p></h3></div><div tabindex="-1" class="TopicTableView_tableWrap__sELQk TopicTableView_tableBodyScroll___CIAM "><table><thead><tr data-testid="BaseTableRow"><th rowspan="" colSpan="" scope="col"><div data-testid="TableCellViewModel"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594065" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Treatment</span></p></div></th><th rowspan="" colSpan="" scope="col"><div data-testid="TableCellViewModel"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594068" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Some Potential Side Effects</span></p></div></th><th rowspan="" colSpan="" scope="col"><div data-testid="TableCellViewModel"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594071" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Comments</span></p></div></th></tr></thead><tbody class="false"><tr data-testid="TopicTableBodyView"><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="3" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594075" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Thionamides</span></b></p></p></td></tr><tr data-testid="TopicTableBodyView"><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594078" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Carbimazole</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594079" data-testid="topicPara"></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594080" data-testid="topicPara"></p></p></td><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594082" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Allergic reactions (usually rashes)</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594083" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Nausea</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594084" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Peculiar taste</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594085" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Infection (rare) due to a low white blood cell count</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594086" data-testid="topicPara"></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594087" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Joint aching</span></p></p></td><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594089" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Decrease the production of thyroid hormones</span></p></p></td></tr><tr data-testid="TopicTableBodyView"><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="3" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594092" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Nonmetallic element</span></b></p></p></td></tr><tr data-testid="TopicTableBodyView"><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594095" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Iodine</span></p></p></td><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594097" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Rash</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917905" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Pain in the salivary glands</span></p></p></td><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594099" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Decreases the production and release of thyroid hormones</span></p></p></td></tr><tr data-testid="TopicTableBodyView"><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="3" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594112" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Beta-blockers</span></b></p></p></td></tr><tr data-testid="TopicTableBodyView"><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594115" data-testid="topicPara"></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594116" data-testid="topicPara"></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594117" data-testid="topicPara"></p></p></td><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594119" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">In people with lung disease, may cause wheezing</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594120" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Can worsen symptoms of peripheral vascular disease</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594121" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Can cause depression</span></p><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594122" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">May reduce blood pressure (hypotension)</span></p></p></td><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v55594124" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Block many of the stimulating effects of excess thyroid hormones on the heart</span></p></p></td></tr><tr data-testid="TopicTableBodyView"><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="2" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917908" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Radioactive isotope</span></b></p></p></td><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917910" data-testid="topicPara"></p></p></td></tr><tr data-testid="TopicTableBodyView"><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917913" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Radioactive iodine</span></p></p></td><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917915" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Hypothyroidism</span></p></p></td><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917917" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Destroys the thyroid gland</span></p></p></td></tr><tr data-testid="TopicTableBodyView"><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="2" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917920" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Surgery</span></b></p></p></td><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917922" data-testid="topicPara"></p></p></td></tr><tr data-testid="TopicTableBodyView"><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917925" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Thyroidectomy</span></p></p></td><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917927" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Hypothyroidism</span></p></p></td><td data-testid="TopicTableCellView" rowspan="" colSpan="" class="TopicTableCellView_tableData__4S8fd TopicTableCellView_notinpopup__ogY8m"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" data-testid="topicPara"><p class=" TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v71917929" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Removes all or part of the thyroid gland</span></p></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="v12757344" data-testid="topicHHead"><h3 class="TopicHHead_headerTag__aY5JQ readable "><span class="consumer TopicHHead_topicHHead__b2FTz false"><span id="v12757345" class="TopicHHead_topicHHeadScroll__p8i3f">Other treatments</span></span></h3><div><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757346" data-testid="topicPara"><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Surgery</span></b><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d"> to remove part or all of the thyroid gland, called thyroidectomy, is a treatment option for people with hyperthyroidism, especially for children and adolescents with Graves disease. Surgery is also an option for people who have a very large goiter as well as for those who are allergic to or who develop severe side effects from the medications used to treat hyperthyroidism or those who do not want radiation exposure. Hyperthyroidism is permanently controlled in more than 90% of people who choose this option. Hypothyroidism often occurs after surgery, and people then have to take replacement thyroid hormone for the rest of their life. Rare complications of surgery include paralysis of the vocal cords and damage to the parathyroid glands (the tiny glands behind the thyroid gland that control calcium levels in the blood).</span></p><p class="readable TopicPara_topicPara__U9gFm para" id="v12757350" data-testid="topicPara"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">In </span><b class="TopicPara_topicBold__gHmyl" data-testid="topicBold"><span data-testid="topicText" class="TopicPara_topicText__CUB0d">Graves disease,</span></b></p></div></section></div></section></div><div data-testid="topicDrugs"></div><div id="additionalcontent-FB85817AEF8047AEBABF161418EE7727" class="Topic_autoloadElem__o9fPq"></div><div class="Topic_topicAdditionalContent__6EohI false"><div class=" TwoColumnContainer_twoColumnContainer__naqJB false false false false false"><div class="TwoColumnContainer_twoColumnLeftContainer___qdim"><div class="TestYourKnowledge_testYourKnowledgeContainer__WBT9z 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All rights reserved.</span></p></div></div></div></section></div></footer></div></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"locale":"en","layoutData":{"sitecore":{"context":{"pageEditing":false,"site":{"name":"consumer"},"pageState":"normal","language":"en","itemPath":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hyperthyroidism"},"route":{"name":"v771992","displayName":"Hyperthyroidism","fields":{"Emergency":{"value":""},"Injury":{"value":""},"Symptom":{"value":""},"CoAuthors":[],"Keywords":{"value":"overactive thyroid gland,hyperthyroid,thyroid,Graves',toxic thyroid nodule,toxic multinodular goiter,Plummer's,thyrotoxicosis,thyroid storm,Plummer ,Grave's,exophthalmos,proptosis,plummers,graves,grave,excess thyroid hormone,excess thyroid hormones"},"QuickFactsSwitchLink":{"value":{"href":"/home/quick-facts-hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hyperthyroidism","text":"Hyperthyroidism","linktype":"internal","id":"{9350F723-FF9F-42C5-8E65-AB70F982D174}","url":"/home/home/v26250120/v27759463/v27759476"}},"RevisionDate":{"value":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z"},"Summary":{"value":"Hyperthyroidism is overactivity of the thyroid gland that leads to high levels of thyroid hormones and speeding up of vital body functions. 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The entire gland may be enlarged, or nodules may develop within certain areas. If people have \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/subacute-thyroiditis\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Subacute Thyroiditis\\\" data-id=\\\"6cb89ab1-be8b-4295-b0cd-da3488abf90c\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d6b01620-3d69-4ebb-9f01-dfc3ea1ac9e3\\\"\u003esubacute thyroiditis\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"6cb89ab1-be8b-4295-b0cd-da3488abf90c\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/subacute-thyroiditis\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Subacute Thyroiditis \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, the gland may be tender and painful.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Graves disease\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12757210\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v772036\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost people with hyperthyroidism have an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter). The entire gland may be enlarged, or nodules may develop within certain areas. If people have \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/subacute-thyroiditis\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Subacute Thyroiditis\\\" data-id=\\\"6cb89ab1-be8b-4295-b0cd-da3488abf90c\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d6b01620-3d69-4ebb-9f01-dfc3ea1ac9e3\\\"\u003esubacute thyroiditis\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"6cb89ab1-be8b-4295-b0cd-da3488abf90c\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/subacute-thyroiditis\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Subacute Thyroiditis \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, the gland may be tender and painful.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Thyroid storm\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12757229\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v772036\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost people with hyperthyroidism have an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter). The entire gland may be enlarged, or nodules may develop within certain areas. 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It can occur at any age but is more common in women between the ages of 20 and 50 years."}],"id":"v772011","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Neonatal Graves disease is the most common cause of "},{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.XRef.BaseXRefViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","ItemId":"d2754b38-0545-4c36-9b9c-d8f19af00fec","Id":"5cf163b8-0d82-4907-b95a-f060c03823c5","Url":"/home/children-s-health-issues/hormonal-disorders-in-children/hyperthyroidism-in-infants-and-children","Summary":"Hyperthyroidism is increased production of thyroid hormone. Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, but growths (nodules) on or inflammation of the thyroid gland, medications...","PlainTitle":"Hyperthyroidism in Infants and Children","ReadMore":"read more","ShowToolTip":"true","tk":"VasontXLink","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"hyperthyroidism in newborns and children"}],"a":"title =\"Hyperthyroidism in Infants and Children\""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" and is caused by abnormal antibodies from the mother that pass through the placenta and stimulate the thyroid of the newborn."}],"id":"v88082179","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Headers.F_Head.F_HeadViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","AlternativeTitle":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","t":"Text/AltTitle","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Causes of Hyperthyroidism"}]},"SchemaAttributes":"itemprop=\"cause\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\"","KeypointsClass":"","HeaderId":"Causes_v772013","OriginalTitle":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","t":"Text/Title","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Causes"}]},"HeaderType":"FHead","HeaderTag":"h2","SectionClass":"section","TitleModel":[],"TitleUniqueId":"v772013","tk":"F_HeadViewModel","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"The "},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontBold","t":"Text/Bold","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"most common"}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" causes include"}],"id":"v772014","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.ListViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontList","TitleModel":[],"c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.Items.ListItemViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Graves disease"}],"id":"v4729855","a":""}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.Items.ListItemViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Toxic (hormone-producing) multinodular goiter"}],"id":"v27410178","a":""}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.Items.ListItemViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Single toxic nodule "}],"id":"v38402087","a":""}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.Items.ListItemViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Thyroiditis "}],"id":"v4729857","a":""}]}],"a":"bulleted"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontBold","t":"Text/Bold","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Graves disease,"}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, is an "},{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.XRef.BaseXRefViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","ItemId":"95399903-7668-4fed-97a3-575db7ee8538","Id":"ce094d99-60b7-474b-b821-c97ecfa64187","Url":"/home/immune-disorders/allergic-reactions-and-other-hypersensitivity-disorders/autoimmune-disorders","Summary":"An autoimmune disorder is a malfunction of the body's immune system that causes the body to attack its own tissues. What triggers an autoimmune disorder is not known. Symptoms vary depending...","PlainTitle":"Autoimmune Disorders","ReadMore":"read more","ShowToolTip":"true","tk":"VasontXLink","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"autoimmune disorder"}],"a":"title =\"Autoimmune Disorders\""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":". In an autoimmune disorder, the person's immune system produces antibodies that attack the body's own tissues. Usually, the antibodies damage cells and worsen their ability to function. However, in Graves disease, the antibodies stimulate the thyroid gland to produce and secrete excess thyroid hormones into the blood. This cause of hyperthyroidism is often hereditary and almost always leads to enlargement of the thyroid."}],"id":"v772015","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontBold","t":"Text/Bold","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Toxic multinodular goiter"}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" (Plummer disease), in which there are many nodules (small lumps), one or more of which may start to produce and secrete excess thyroid hormone. This disorder is more common with aging and is uncommon in adolescents and young adults. "}],"id":"v27410184","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontBold","t":"Text/Bold","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Thyroiditis"}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" is inflammation of the thyroid gland. The inflammation can be caused by a viral infection ("},{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.XRef.BaseXRefViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","ItemId":"d6b01620-3d69-4ebb-9f01-dfc3ea1ac9e3","Id":"e02d3229-82a5-407e-b99e-eacaf83cdd98","Url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/subacute-thyroiditis","Summary":"Subacute thyroiditis is acute inflammation of the thyroid, probably caused by a virus. (See also Overview of the Thyroid Gland.) Subacute thyroiditis usually begins suddenly. In this disorder...","PlainTitle":"Subacute Thyroiditis","ReadMore":"read more","ShowToolTip":"true","tk":"VasontXLink","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"subacute thyroiditis"}],"a":"title =\"Subacute Thyroiditis\""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"), autoimmune thyroid inflammation that occurs after childbirth ("},{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.XRef.BaseXRefViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","ItemId":"1538c9c0-5b9f-4a6f-91e7-a52e60f450d2","Id":"b05db392-d0c8-417f-9ec8-4be4535313b3","Url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/silent-lymphocytic-thyroiditis","Summary":"Silent lymphocytic thyroiditis is painless, autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid that typically develops after childbirth and usually goes away on its own. (See also Overview of the Thyroid...","PlainTitle":"Silent Lymphocytic Thyroiditis","ReadMore":"read more","ShowToolTip":"true","tk":"VasontXLink","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"silent lymphocytic thyroiditis"}],"a":"title =\"Silent Lymphocytic Thyroiditis\""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"), and, much less often, chronic autoimmune inflammation ("},{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.XRef.BaseXRefViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","ItemId":"278d83ef-6c06-4d93-8f09-b0489a1d1587","Id":"4547e9d6-3f78-4368-be32-8b1576e97ec9","Url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hashimoto-thyroiditis","Summary":"Hashimoto thyroiditis is chronic, autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid gland. Hashimoto thyroiditis results when antibodies in the body attack the cells of the thyroid gland—an autoimmune...","PlainTitle":"Hashimoto Thyroiditis","ReadMore":"read more","ShowToolTip":"true","tk":"VasontXLink","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Hashimoto thyroiditis"}],"a":"title =\"Hashimoto Thyroiditis\""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"). At first, the inflammation causes hyperthyroidism as stored hormones are released from the inflamed gland. Later on, "},{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.XRef.BaseXRefViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","ItemId":"7a35e8c0-5412-4292-a304-e9f2a30338bf","Id":"b3bf5ec7-2133-479b-9852-97d8ba30ad74","Url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hypothyroidism","ImageUrl":"/-/media/home/images/m/y/x/myxedema_in_hypothyroidism_he_high.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160","Summary":"Hypothyroidism is underactivity of the thyroid gland that leads to inadequate production of thyroid hormones and a slowing of vital body functions. Facial expressions become dull, the voice...","PlainTitle":"Hypothyroidism","HasImage":true,"ReadMore":"read more","ShowToolTip":"true","tk":"VasontXLink","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"hypothyroidism"}],"a":"title =\"Hypothyroidism\""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" usually follows because the levels of stored hormones are depleted. However, in people with subacute or silent lymphocytic thyroiditis, the gland usually returns to normal function."}],"id":"v772020","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"A "},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontBold","t":"Text/Bold","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"toxic (overactive) thyroid nodule"}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" (a benign tumor, or adenoma) is an area of abnormal local tissue growth within the thyroid gland. This abnormal tissue produces thyroid hormones even without stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones). Thus, a nodule escapes the mechanisms that normally control the thyroid gland and produces thyroid hormones in large quantities. "}],"id":"v772025","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontBold","t":"Text/Bold","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Other causes"}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" of hyperthyroidism include"}],"id":"v4729858","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.ListViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontList","TitleModel":[],"c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.Items.ListItemViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Some medications, including too much thyroid hormone taken orally"}],"id":"v12757181","a":""}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.Items.ListItemViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Rarely, overstimulation due to an overactive pituitary gland "}],"id":"v12757183","a":""}]}],"a":"bulleted"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontBold","t":"Text/Bold","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Medications and iodine"}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" can cause hyperthyroidism. Medications include \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003eamiodarone\u003c/span\u003e, interferon-alpha, programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors (such as \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003enivolumab\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003epembrolizumab\u003c/span\u003e), \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003ealemtuzumab\u003c/span\u003e, and, rarely, \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003elithium\u003c/span\u003e. Excess iodine, as may occur in people taking certain expectorants, or in those given iodine-containing contrast agents for x-ray studies, may cause hyperthyroidism in people with a nodule that has escaped the control of thyroid-stimulating hormone and has the capacity to make large quantities of thyroid hormone when presented with excess iodine, thus becoming a toxic thyroid nodule. Taking too much thyroid hormone orally can also cause hyperthyroidism, and this is one of the most frequent causes of a low TSH level or an elevated T4 level."}],"id":"v772032","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontBold","t":"Text/Bold","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"An overactive pituitary gland"}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" can produce too much thyroid-stimulating hormone, which in turn leads to overproduction of thyroid hormones. However, this is an extremely rare cause of hyperthyroidism."}],"id":"v772033","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Other rare causes of hyperthyroidism include certain abnormalities of the placenta that produce excess levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin, which can stimulate the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormone, certain tumors of the ovary that contain thyroid tissue, and thyroid cancer that has spread to other areas of the body."}],"id":"v88082181","a":""}],"tl":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","t":"Text/AltTitle","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Causes of Hyperthyroidism"}]},"id":"v772012"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Headers.F_Head.F_HeadViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","AlternativeTitle":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","t":"Text/AltTitle","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism"}]},"SchemaAttributes":"itemprop=\"signOrSymptom\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\"","KeypointsClass":"","HeaderId":"Symptoms_v772035","OriginalTitle":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","t":"Text/Title","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Symptoms"}]},"HeaderType":"FHead","HeaderTag":"h2","SectionClass":"section","TitleModel":[],"TitleUniqueId":"v772035","tk":"F_HeadViewModel","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Most people with hyperthyroidism have an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter). The entire gland may be enlarged, or nodules may develop within certain areas. If people have "},{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.XRef.BaseXRefViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","ItemId":"d6b01620-3d69-4ebb-9f01-dfc3ea1ac9e3","Id":"bc4892ec-b46c-41c3-bf90-65381dc17efa","Url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/subacute-thyroiditis","Summary":"Subacute thyroiditis is acute inflammation of the thyroid, probably caused by a virus. (See also Overview of the Thyroid Gland.) Subacute thyroiditis usually begins suddenly. 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"}],"id":"v12757204","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Hyperthyroidism can cause changes in the eyes. 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"}],"id":"v12757212","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Eye symptoms include puffiness around the eyes, increased tear formation, irritation, and unusual sensitivity to light. 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Eye symptoms may even appear or worsen after the excessive thyroid hormone secretion has been treated and controlled."}],"id":"v12757225","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Carousel.CarouselViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","Count":4,"tk":"VasontCarousel","c":[{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.MultiMediaViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","TitleText":"Eye Symptoms in Graves Disease","Description":"\u003cspan id=\"v94403302\" class=\"anchor\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA person with Graves disease may have bulging eyes, eye misalignment (strabismus), and eyelids that do not completely close.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","CreditText":"\u003cspan id=\"v88082141\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBy permission of the publisher. From Mulligan M, Cousins M. In \u003ci \u003eAtlas of Anesthesia: Preoperative Preparation and Intraoperative Monitoring\u003c/i\u003e. 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In \u003ci \u003eAtlas of Anesthesia: Preoperative Preparation and Intraoperative Monitoring\u003c/i\u003e. Edited by R Miller (series editor) and JL Lichtor. 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myxedema).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","ImageUrl":"/-/media/home/images/4/9/7/497-pretibial-myxedema-consumer-slide-5-springer-high.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en","ThumbnailUrl":"/-/media/home/images/4/9/7/497-pretibial-myxedema-consumer-slide-5-springer-high.jpg?mw=350\u0026amp;thn=0\u0026amp;sc_lang=en","MediaType":"image","MediaNameTranslated":"Image","UniqueId":"v38402051","Placement":"sideline","ImageWidth":"923","ImageHeight":"1000"},"Placement":1,"PlacementClass":"","tk":"Photo","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"In people with Graves disease, the skin on the legs can become coarse, and scaly (a change known as pretibial myxedema)."}],"id":"v94403310","a":""}],"id":"v38402051"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"When Graves disease affects the eyes, there may also be thickening of the skin, usually over the shins, which has the texture of an orange-peel. The thickened area may be itchy and feels hard when pressed with a finger. As with deposits behind the eyes, this problem may begin before or after other symptoms of hyperthyroidism are noticed."}],"id":"v12757228","a":""}],"tl":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","t":"Text/Title","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Graves disease"}]},"id":"v12757210"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Headers.HeaderViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","HeaderType":"HHead","HeaderTag":"h3","SectionClass":"subsection","TitleModel":[],"TitleUniqueId":"v12757230","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Thyroid storm, which is sudden extreme overactivity of the thyroid gland, is a life-threatening emergency. All body functions are accelerated to dangerously high levels. Severe strain on the heart can lead to a life-threatening irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), extremely fast pulse, and shock. Thyroid storm may also cause fever, extreme weakness, restlessness, mood swings, confusion, altered consciousness (even coma), and an enlarged liver with mild "},{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.XRef.BaseXRefViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","ItemId":"89327716-2069-429e-b5d8-9750127f8101","Id":"c9982f26-55fc-4274-9abd-71ea11f8aa15","Url":"/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/manifestations-of-liver-disease/jaundice-in-adults","ImageUrl":"/-/media/home/images/c/0/0/c0024908-jaundice-science-photo-library-high.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160","Summary":"In jaundice, the skin and whites of the eyes look yellow. Jaundice occurs when there is too much bilirubin (a yellow pigment) in the blood—a condition called hyperbilirubinemia. (See also Overview...","PlainTitle":"Jaundice in Adults","HasImage":true,"ReadMore":"read more","ShowToolTip":"true","tk":"VasontXLink","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"jaundice"}],"a":"title =\"Jaundice in Adults\""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" (a yellowish discoloration of the skin and the whites of the eyes)."}],"id":"v12757233","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Thyroid storm is generally caused by untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism and can be triggered by infection, injury, surgery, poorly controlled diabetes, pregnancy or labor, or other stresses. Also, thyroid storm can occur when medications being used to treat thyroid problems are stopped. It is rare in children."}],"id":"v12757234","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Thyroid storm is diagnosed by a person's symptoms and examination findings. People are treated with medications used to treat hyperthyroidism and with measures to treat complications (such as fever or altered consciousness). 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"}],"id":"v772061","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.XRef.BaseXRefViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","ItemId":"59517a85-e20d-47a8-95e2-6286d8512bda","Id":"9582d061-808e-46d5-812d-8f82c29bcf8e","Url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/overview-of-the-thyroid-gland#v12757016","Summary":"The thyroid is a small gland, measuring about 2 inches (5 centimeters) across, that is located just under the skin in the neck. The two halves (lobes) of the gland are connected in the middle...","PlainTitle":"Thyroid function blood tests","ReadMore":"read more","ShowToolTip":"true","tk":"VasontXLink","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Thyroid function blood tests"}],"a":"title =\"Thyroid function blood tests\""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" are used to confirm the diagnosis. Often, testing begins with measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). If the thyroid gland is overactive, the level of TSH is low. However, in rare cases in which the pituitary gland is overactive, the level of TSH is normal or high. If the level of TSH in the blood is low, doctors measure the levels of the thyroid hormones in the blood. If there is a question of whether Graves disease is the cause, doctors check a sample of blood for the presence of antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland (thyroid-stimulating antibodies). "}],"id":"v88082187","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"If a thyroid nodule is suspected as the cause, a "},{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.XRef.BaseXRefViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","ItemId":"59517a85-e20d-47a8-95e2-6286d8512bda","Id":"ba023ac6-b036-41f5-9533-6db0f757a508","Url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/overview-of-the-thyroid-gland#v12757030","Summary":"The thyroid is a small gland, measuring about 2 inches (5 centimeters) across, that is located just under the skin in the neck. The two halves (lobes) of the gland are connected in the middle...","PlainTitle":"Thyroid ultrasound","ReadMore":"read more","ShowToolTip":"true","tk":"VasontXLink","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"thyroid scan"}],"a":"title =\"Thyroid ultrasound\""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" will show whether the nodule is overactive, that is, whether it is producing excess hormones. Such a scan may also help doctors in their evaluation of Graves disease. In a person with Graves disease, the scan shows the entire gland to be overactive, not just one area. In thyroiditis, the scan shows low activity because of the inflammation."}],"id":"v772063","a":""}],"tl":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","t":"Text/AltTitle","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism"}]},"id":"v772059"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Headers.F_Head.F_HeadViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","AlternativeTitle":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","t":"Text/AltTitle","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Treatment of Hyperthyroidism"}]},"SchemaAttributes":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","KeypointsClass":"","HeaderId":"Treatment_v772065","OriginalTitle":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","t":"Text/Title","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Treatment"}]},"HeaderType":"FHead","HeaderTag":"h2","SectionClass":"section","TitleModel":[],"TitleUniqueId":"v772065","tk":"F_HeadViewModel","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.ListViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontList","TitleModel":[],"c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.Items.ListItemViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Treatment of cause"}],"id":"v27410200","a":""}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.Items.ListItemViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Beta-blockers to block the effects of thyroid hormones"}],"id":"v50223932","a":""}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.Items.ListItemViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Sometimes medications to block the production of thyroid hormones"}],"id":"v50223934","a":""}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.Items.ListItemViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Sometimes radioactive iodine to destroy some or all of the thyroid gland"}],"id":"v71917937","a":""}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.Items.ListItemViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Sometimes surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid"}],"id":"v50223936","a":""}]}],"a":"bulleted"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Treatment of hyperthyroidism depends on the cause. In most cases, the problem causing hyperthyroidism can be cured or the symptoms can be eliminated or greatly reduced. Left untreated, however, hyperthyroidism places undue stress on the heart and many other organs."}],"id":"v772066","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Headers.HeaderViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","HeaderType":"HHead","HeaderTag":"h3","SectionClass":"subsection","TitleModel":[],"TitleUniqueId":"v71917939","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontBold","t":"Text/Bold","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Radioactive iodine"}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" may be given by mouth to destroy part of the thyroid gland. This is the most common treatment for hyperthyroidism. The radioactivity is mainly delivered to the thyroid gland because the thyroid gland takes up the iodine and concentrates it. Hospitalization is rarely necessary. After treatment, the person should probably not be near infants and young children for 2 to 4 days and should sleep in a separate bed separated at least 6 feet (about 2 meters) from the partner. Pregnancy should be avoided for about 6 to 12 months. People who have had radioactive iodine treatment should stay at least 6 feet away from pregnant women, infants, or small children for 6 to 23 days; the amount of time depends on the dose received. People who have had radioactive iodine treatment may set off radiation alarms at airports and sometimes other places for several weeks after treatment and, therefore, should carry a doctor’s note describing their treatment if they travel on public transportation."}],"id":"v71917940","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Some doctors try to adjust the dose of radioactive iodine to destroy only enough of the thyroid gland to bring its hormone production back to normal, without reducing thyroid function too much. Other doctors use a larger dose to completely destroy the thyroid. Most of the time, people who undergo this treatment must take "},{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.XRef.BaseXRefViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","ItemId":"7a35e8c0-5412-4292-a304-e9f2a30338bf","Id":"545a237d-bf29-4242-ba6f-25f790e81a31","Url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hypothyroidism#v772250","ImageUrl":"/-/media/home/images/m/y/x/myxedema_in_hypothyroidism_he_high.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160","Summary":"Hypothyroidism is underactivity of the thyroid gland that leads to inadequate production of thyroid hormones and a slowing of vital body functions. 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Radioactive iodine is not given to pregnant or nursing women because it crosses the placenta and enters the milk and may destroy the fetus’s or breastfed infant’s thyroid gland."}],"id":"v71917941","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Tables.Presentation.BaseIllustrativeMaterial.ViewModel, MM.Feature.Tables","MaterialType":"DidYouKnow","NewInVersion":"MM18","MMEdition":1,"TypeCalss":"inlinebox--didyouknow","Alignment":"inlinebox--right","MultiMediaModel":{"$type":"MM.Feature.Tables.Popup.TableMultimediaModel, MM.Feature.Tables","ItemId":"2b9ceb9b-951b-42fb-bf7c-5da899e04916","Title":"Did You Know?","ShareUrlTitle":"did-you-know","ThumbnailUrl":"/Base/table/icon_table_red.png?h=600\u0026w=600","MediaType":"table","MediaNameTranslated":"Table","UniqueId":"v55594044"},"Placement":1,"PlacementClass":"","PlacementType":"sideline","tk":"DidYouKnow","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Tables.Presentation.Table.TableViewModel, MM.Feature.Tables","TabStyle":"SidebarHalfPage","TitleModel":[],"c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Tables.Presentation.Table.Group.TableGroupViewModel, MM.Feature.Tables","TBody":{"$type":"MM.Feature.Tables.Presentation.Table.Section.TableSectionViewModel, MM.Feature.Tables","Rows":[],"RowCounter":1,"tk":"tbody","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Tables.Presentation.Table.Row.TableRowViewModel, MM.Feature.Tables","Columns":[],"CssClass":"","IsOdd":true,"IsTBody":true,"c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Tables.Presentation.Table.Cell.TableCellViewModel, MM.Feature.Tables","align":"","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.ListViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontList","TitleModel":[],"c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.List.Items.ListItemViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"People who receive radioactive iodine should not go near infants and young children for 2 to 4 days."}],"id":"v55594053","a":""}]}],"a":"bulleted"}]}]}],"id":"v55594048"},"Columns":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Tables.Presentation.Table.TableColumn, MM.Feature.Tables","Index":1,"Name":"col1"}],"ColumnsCount":1,"TabStyle":"SidebarHalfPage","c":[],"tl":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Did You Know?"}],"id":"v12757247"},"id":"v55594044"}],"tl":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Did You Know?"}],"id":"v12757247"},"id":"v55594044"}],"tl":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Did You Know?"}],"id":"v12757247"},"id":"v55594043","e":"Print"}],"tl":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","t":"Text/Title","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Treatment with radioactive iodine"}]},"id":"v71917938"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Headers.HeaderViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","HeaderType":"HHead","HeaderTag":"h3","SectionClass":"subsection","TitleModel":[],"TitleUniqueId":"v12757238","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontBold","t":"Text/Bold","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Beta-blockers"}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" such as \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003epropranolol\u003c/span\u003e or \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003emetoprolol\u003c/span\u003e help control many of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. These medications can slow a fast heart rate, reduce tremors, and control anxiety. Doctors therefore find beta-blockers particularly useful to control symptoms of hyperthyroidism until the person responds to other treatments. However, beta-blockers do not reduce excess thyroid hormone production. 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They work by decreasing the gland’s production of thyroid hormones. Carbimazole, a medication that is widely used in Europe, is converted into "},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"\u003cspan class=\"genericDrug\" data-showrollover=\"false\"\u003emethimazole\u003c/span\u003e"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" in the body. "},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"\u003cspan class=\"genericDrug\" data-showrollover=\"false\"\u003eMethimazole\u003c/span\u003e"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" is usually preferred because "},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"\u003cspan class=\"genericDrug\" data-showrollover=\"false\"\u003epropylthiouracil\u003c/span\u003e"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" may damage the liver in young people. Pregnant women who take "},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"\u003cspan class=\"genericDrug\" data-showrollover=\"false\"\u003epropylthiouracil\u003c/span\u003e"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" or "},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"\u003cspan class=\"genericDrug\" data-showrollover=\"false\"\u003emethimazole\u003c/span\u003e"},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" are closely monitored because these medications cross the placenta and can cause goiter or "},{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Presentation.Vasont.XRef.BaseXRefViewModel, MM.Foundation.Presentation","ItemId":"10774627-4a3f-4a45-91eb-cc4cecae7076","Id":"062b1b2f-6c17-4844-986b-aeffd6037e1f","Url":"/home/children-s-health-issues/hormonal-disorders-in-children/hypothyroidism-in-infants-and-children","Summary":"Hypothyroidism is decreased production of thyroid hormone. 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These medications can usually control thyroid function within 2 to 3 months. Larger doses of these medications may work more quickly but increase the risk of side effects. "}],"id":"v71917944","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Para.ParaViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","ExcludeFromBrand":"","Indent":"","tk":"VasontPara","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.TextViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","tk":"VasontBold","t":"Text/Bold","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Iodine,"}]},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":" given by mouth, is sometimes used to treat hyperthyroidism. It is reserved for people in whom rapid treatment is needed, such as those with thyroid storm. It may also be used to control hyperthyroidism until the person can have surgery to remove the thyroid. It is not used long-term."}],"id":"v12757256","a":""},{"$type":"MM.Feature.Tables.Presentation.BaseIllustrativeMaterial.ViewModel, MM.Feature.Tables","MaterialType":"Table","NewInVersion":"MMHE2","MMEdition":1,"TypeCalss":"inlinebox--table inlinebox--clickable illustrativeMaterialTable ","Alignment":"inlinebox--full","MultiMediaModel":{"$type":"MM.Feature.Tables.Popup.TableMultimediaModel, MM.Feature.Tables","ItemId":"924b3c2c-03f3-4318-9a5a-c37123f35c2d","Title":"Hyperthyroidism Treatments","ShareUrlTitle":"hyperthyroidism-treatments","ThumbnailUrl":"/Base/table/icon_table_red.png?h=600\u0026w=600","MediaType":"table","MediaNameTranslated":"Table","UniqueId":"v55594055"},"Placement":1,"PlacementClass":"","PlacementType":"sideline","tk":"Table","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Tables.Presentation.Table.TableViewModel, MM.Feature.Tables","TabStyle":"DrugFullPage","TitleModel":[],"c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Tables.Presentation.Table.Group.TableGroupViewModel, 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Eye symptoms may be helped by elevating the head of the bed, by applying eye drops, by sleeping with the eyelids taped shut, and, occasionally, by taking \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003eselenium\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003eteprotumumab\u003c/span\u003e, or diuretics (medications that hasten fluid excretion). Double vision may be reduced by using eyeglass prisms. Finally, corticosteroids taken by mouth, x-ray treatment to the orbits, or eye surgery may be needed if the eyes are severely affected. Corticosteroid creams or ointments can help relieve the itching and hardness of the abnormal skin. Often the mild eye symptoms disappear without treatment months or years later."}],"id":"v12757350","a":""}],"tl":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","t":"Text/Title","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Other treatments"}]},"id":"v12757344"}],"tl":{"$type":"MM.Foundation.Vasont.Framework.ViewModel.ContainerViewModel, MM.Foundation.Vasont","tk":"VasontContainer","t":"Text/AltTitle","c":[{"$type":"MM.Feature.Vasont.Presentation.Text.String.StringViewModel, MM.Feature.Vasont","c":[],"it":"Treatment of Hyperthyroidism"}]},"id":"v772064"}]}}},"topicid":"FB85817AEF8047AEBABF161418EE7727","othertopics":{"MMTopic":{"results":[{"title":{"value":"Overview of the Thyroid Gland"},"id":"59517A85E20D47A895E26286D8512BDA","url":{"url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/overview-of-the-thyroid-gland","path":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/overview-of-the-thyroid-gland"},"sortIndex":{"value":""}},{"title":{"value":"Hashimoto Thyroiditis"},"id":"278D83EF6C064D938F09B0489A1D1587","url":{"url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hashimoto-thyroiditis","path":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hashimoto-thyroiditis"},"sortIndex":{"value":""}},{"title":{"value":"Hyperthyroidism"},"id":"FB85817AEF8047AEBABF161418EE7727","url":{"url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hyperthyroidism","path":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hyperthyroidism"},"sortIndex":{"value":""}},{"title":{"value":"Hypothyroidism"},"id":"7A35E8C054124292A304E9F2A30338BF","url":{"url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hypothyroidism","path":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/hypothyroidism"},"sortIndex":{"value":""}},{"title":{"value":"Silent Lymphocytic Thyroiditis"},"id":"1538C9C05B9F4A6F91E7A52E60F450D2","url":{"url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/silent-lymphocytic-thyroiditis","path":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/silent-lymphocytic-thyroiditis"},"sortIndex":{"value":""}},{"title":{"value":"Simple Nontoxic Goiter"},"id":"5686BE112AB04935B1292F84286C9F16","url":{"url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/simple-nontoxic-goiter","path":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/simple-nontoxic-goiter"},"sortIndex":{"value":""}},{"title":{"value":"Subacute Thyroiditis"},"id":"D6B016203D694EBB9F01DFC3EA1AC9E3","url":{"url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/subacute-thyroiditis","path":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/subacute-thyroiditis"},"sortIndex":{"value":""}},{"title":{"value":"Thyroid Cancer"},"id":"2FC19C462C62493A93E4441E8CF0416E","url":{"url":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/thyroid-cancer","path":"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/thyroid-cancer"},"sortIndex":{"value":""}}]}},"Title":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Hyperthyroidism"}},"pageTitle":{"value":"Hyperthyroidism"},"SeoDescription":{"value":"Hyperthyroidism is overactivity of the thyroid gland that leads to high levels of thyroid hormones and speeding up of vital body functions. 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