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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Skrá inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Frekari valkostir" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persónuleg verkfæri" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persónuleg verkfæri</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Notandavalmynd" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=is.wikipedia.org&uselang=is"><span>Fjárframlög</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Taka þátt</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%BAa_til_a%C3%B0gang&returnto=X86-h%C3%B6nnun" title="Þú ert hvattur/hvött til að búa til aðgang og skrá þig inn; en það er ekki skylda"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Búa til aðgang</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Innskr%C3%A1&returnto=X86-h%C3%B6nnun" title="Þú ert hvattur/hvött til að innskrá þig, það er hinsvegar ekki skylda. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Skrá inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Síður fyrir útskráða notendur <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Introduction" aria-label="Læra meira um breytingar"><span>Læra meira</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Spjallas%C3%AD%C3%B0a_m%C3%ADn" title="Spjall um breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Spjall</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vefsíða"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Efni" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Efni</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">fela</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjun</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sagan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sagan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sagan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sagan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Efni" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Efnisyfirlit" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">x86-hönnun</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Fara á grein á öðru tungumáli. Til staðar á 51 tungumáli" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 tungumál</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%83%D8%B3_86" title="إكس 86 – arabíska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إكس 86" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – aserska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – hvítrússneska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="hvítrússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – búlgarska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – bosníska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – katalónska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%A8%D9%A6" title="ئێکس٨٦ – miðkúrdíska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێکس٨٦" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="miðkúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – tékkneska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tékkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-Architektur" title="X86-Architektur – þýska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="X86-Architektur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – gríska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – enska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="enska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-arkitekturo" title="X86-arkitekturo – esperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="X86-arkitekturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – spænska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – eistneska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eistneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%B8%DB%B6" title="اکس۸۶ – persneska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکس۸۶" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – finnska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailtireacht_x86" title="Ailtireacht x86 – írska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ailtireacht x86" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – hebreska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – króatíska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="króatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – ungverska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – armenska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – indónesíska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indónesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architettura_x86" title="Architettura x86 – ítalska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Architettura x86" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ítalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – javanska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – kóreska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kóreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – litháíska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litháíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – lettneska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-instructieset" title="X86-instructieset – hollenska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="X86-instructieset" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – nýnorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nýnorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-arkitektur" title="X86-arkitektur – norskt bókmál" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="X86-arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bókmál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – pólska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – portúgalska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portúgalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – rúmenska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – rússneska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – skoska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skoska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – slóvakíska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slóvakíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – serbneska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – sænska" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C86" title="เอกซ์86 – taílenska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอกซ์86" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taílenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – tyrkneska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – úkraínska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="úkraínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – víetnamska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="víetnamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86" title="X86 – wu-kínverska" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="X86" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Pentium4_northwood.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Pentium4_northwood.png/220px-Pentium4_northwood.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Pentium4_northwood.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="268" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Intel" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel">Intel</a> <a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a> 4 x86 örgjörvi</figcaption></figure> <p><b>x86</b> er heiti á fjölskyldu af <a href="/wiki/%C3%96rgj%C3%B6rvi" title="Örgjörvi">örgjörvum</a> (sem notaðir eru í t.d. <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PC</a> tölvur, og samhæfðar), með <a href="/w/index.php?title=CISC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CISC (síða er ekki enn til)">CISC</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skipanamengi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skipanamengi (síða er ekki enn til)">skipanamengi</a>, framleiddum af <a href="/wiki/Intel_Corporation" title="Intel Corporation">Intel</a>, en síðar einnig af öðrum framleiðendum, s.s. <a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=VIA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VIA (síða er ekki enn til)">VIA</a>. Kom fyrst á markað 1978. Fyrstu útgáfur voru 16-bita, síðar 32-bita, og nú er staðallinn 64-bita frá 2003, eftir að AMD fyrirtækið bjó til þann staðal, <b>AMD64</b>, líka kallað <b>x86-64</b>; af t.d. Intel, sem tók upp þann staðal. 64-bita örgjörvar voru til fyrir en ekki í hefðbundnar PC tölvur, en tilgangurinn er aðallega, en ekki eingöngu, til að geta notað meira minni í sömu tölvunni og fyrir sama forritið, þannig að t.d. er hægt að kaupa núna tölvur með 128 GB af innra minni (e. RAM) sem ekki hefði verið hægt að nota í eldri 32-bita tölvur. </p><p>Reglulega koma nýjir örgjörvar út sem keyra forrit, þ.e. skipanir, sem gerðir hafa verið til að vera <i>samhæfðir</i> fjölskyldu, þar sem hefur verið passað upp á að þeir geti keyrt <i>gömlu</i> forritin frá fyrri kynslóðum (þ.e. styðja/geta keyrt allar sömu skipaninar, en þó fleiri). Það er ekki sjálfgefið að forrit gerð fyrir<i> nýrri</i> örgjörva keyri á þeim eldri, þ.e. ef að forritin nota skipanir sem eru bara í þeim nýrri. Yfirleitt er þetta þó leyst með því að styðja líka mjög gamla örgjörva, t.d. sem framleiddir voru áratug áður, með því að nota ekki nýjustu skipanirnar (eða með öðrum leiðum). </p><p>Nú er fjöldi mögulegra skipana sem nýjir örgjörvarnir í fjölskyldunni geta keyrt alla vega ca. þúsund, en þeim fer stöðugt fjölgandi og hefur fjölgað mjög, með t.d. MMX-skipanaflokknum frá 1997, sem bættu við 57 skipunum á 32-bita tímabilinu. Seinni flokkar skipana voru SSE-flokkurinn, og nokkrir framhaldsflokkar af SSE sem stöðugt óx og AVX, og t.d. AVX-512. Allir þessir flokkar skipana, falla undir það sem kallað er SIMD (e.g. single instruction, multiple data) högun og leyfir AVX-512 t.d. að unnið sé á 512-bita gistum (e.g. register) í einu, aukning frá 256-bita gistum áður. Þó svo að örgjörvarnir með AVX-512 skipanirnar séu í ákveðnum skilningi 512-bita, og 256-bita áður, og 128-bita þar áður, er venjulega ekki talað um það þannig, því að þessi talning hefur ekkert með hámarksstærð á innra minni að gera, og stærðin sem ræður þar er enn 64-bita og er óþarfi að stækka um nokkra áratugi enn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sagan">Sagan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X86-h%C3%B6nnun&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Breyti hluta: Sagan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X86-h%C3%B6nnun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Sagan"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upphaflega, með örgjörvanum Intel 8086 frá 1976 var högunin 16-bita (en hafði ákveðinn skyldleika við eldri 8-bita örgjörva from Intel). Þá voru skipanirnar sem örgjörvinn gat keyrt vel innan við 50, og fjöldi smára (e. transistor) 29 þúsund. </p><p>Nýjar kynslóðir af örgjörvanum bættu við skipunum sem mögulegt var að keyra, t.d. fyrir fleytitölur (e. floating-point). Reyndar var mjög fljótlega seldur hjálparkubbur (e. coprocessor) fyrir þær, Intel 8087. Nú orðið er hægt að reikna með t.d. þeim skipunum, því nýrri kubbar sameinuðu virkni fleiri, s.s. fyrir þessa útreikninga og fyrir skyndiminni (e. cache) sem þá var ekki fáanlegt á sama kubbnum, enda þarf skyndiminni mjög marga smára, sem ekki var þá mögulegt að framleiða, þegar aðeins þúsundir komust fyrir á einum kubbi. </p><p>Með örgörvanum Intel 80386 frá 1985, sem hafði 275 þúsund smára, voru gistu (e.g. register) stækkuð í 32-bita, og síðar í 64-bita með AMD K8 2003 frá 2003, sem hafði 105 milljón smára. Núorðið er ekki óalgengt að að fjöldi smára sé talinn í milljörðum (líka aðrar tegundir örgjörva, s.s. í farsímum), og er t.d. AMD Epyc Rome örgjörvinn frá 2019 með 32 milljarða. Að stærstum hluta skýrir stærð skyndiminnis fjölda smára í örgjörvum, en að einhverju leiti líka annað flækjustig, s.s. vegna fleiri skipana (og stærri gista, sem hafa líka fjölgað). </p><p>32-bita tölvur takmarka aðgengilegt innra minni (e. RAM) við 4 GB fyrir hvert forrit (eða öll samanlagt, en x86 hafði reyndar hærri takmörkun fyrir öll saman, en ekki hvert einstakt forrit) og þegar x86 högunin var 16-bita var ekki hægt að nota gígabæti af minni. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870435">.mw-parser-output .t-stub{clear:both;background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:5px;padding-left:10px;text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:1em;color:black}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .t-stub{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .t-stub{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}</style><div class="t-stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Noun_project_1063_green.svg/28px-Noun_project_1063_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Noun_project_1063_green.svg/42px-Noun_project_1063_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Noun_project_1063_green.svg/56px-Noun_project_1063_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="92" data-file-height="98" /></span></span>  <i>Þessi <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A6kni" title="Tækni">tækni</a>grein er <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stubbur" title="Wikipedia:Stubbur">stubbur</a>. 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