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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Name origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Industrial revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regeneration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regeneration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Regeneration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regeneration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Former</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Green_belt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_belt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Green belt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_belt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_and_former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_and_former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Traditional and former</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_and_former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Victorian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victorian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Victorian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victorian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_millennium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_millennium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Post millennium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_millennium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_brutalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_brutalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Former brutalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_brutalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycle_routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycle_routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Cycle routes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycle_routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twinning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twinning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Twinning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twinning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gateshead</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="غيتسهيد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غيتسهيد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%AF" title="قیتس‌هد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیتس‌هد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Гейтсхед – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гейтсхед" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="Гейтсгэд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гейтсгэд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Gateshead (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gateshead (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%AF" title="گیتس‌هد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیتس‌هد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%B8%A0%ED%97%A4%EB%93%9C" title="게이츠헤드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게이츠헤드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%BD%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%A4" title="Գեյթսհեդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գեյթսհեդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%94%D7%93" title="גייטסהד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גייטסהד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="გეიტსჰედი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გეიტსჰედი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geitsheda" title="Geitsheda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Geitsheda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geitshedas" title="Geitshedas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geitshedas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="جيتسهيد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيتسهيد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%83%98%E3%83%83%E3%83%89" title="ゲーツヘッド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲーツヘッド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Гейтсхед – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гейтсхед" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%82%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Гејтсхед – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гејтсхед" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81%D2%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Гейтсһед – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гейтсһед" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Гейтсхед – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гейтсхед" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gateshead" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%93" title="גייטסהעד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גייטסהעד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E8%8C%A8%E9%BB%91%E5%BE%B7" title="蓋茨黑德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蓋茨黑德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gateshead&params=54_57_20_N_1_36_00_W_region:GB_type:city(199139)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°57′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°36′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.95556°N 1.60000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.95556; -1.60000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Tyne and Wear, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Gateshead, England. For the suburb of Newcastle in Australia, see <a href="/wiki/Gateshead,_New_South_Wales" title="Gateshead, New South Wales">Gateshead, New South Wales</a>. For the larger local government district, see <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Gateshead" title="Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead">Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead</a>. For the constituency, see <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Gateshead (UK Parliament constituency)">Gateshead (UK Parliament constituency)</a>. For the fictional place from <i>Jane Eyre</i>, see <a href="/wiki/Jane_Eyre#Gateshead_Hall" title="Jane Eyre"><i>Jane Eyre</i> § Gateshead Hall</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Gateshead</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="category">Town</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Baltic_Centre_in_Gateshead_(geograph_6379018).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/The_Baltic_Centre_in_Gateshead_%28geograph_6379018%29.jpg/117px-The_Baltic_Centre_in_Gateshead_%28geograph_6379018%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/The_Baltic_Centre_in_Gateshead_%28geograph_6379018%29.jpg/176px-The_Baltic_Centre_in_Gateshead_%28geograph_6379018%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/The_Baltic_Centre_in_Gateshead_%28geograph_6379018%29.jpg/234px-The_Baltic_Centre_in_Gateshead_%28geograph_6379018%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="2025" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sage_Gateshead_(51218527548).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Sage_Gateshead_%2851218527548%29.jpg/117px-Sage_Gateshead_%2851218527548%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Sage_Gateshead_%2851218527548%29.jpg/176px-Sage_Gateshead_%2851218527548%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Sage_Gateshead_%2851218527548%29.jpg/234px-Sage_Gateshead_%2851218527548%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:66px;max-width:66px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stainless_Steel_sculpture,_Trinity_Square,_Gateshead._(21008578901).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Stainless_Steel_sculpture%2C_Trinity_Square%2C_Gateshead._%2821008578901%29.jpg/64px-Stainless_Steel_sculpture%2C_Trinity_Square%2C_Gateshead._%2821008578901%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="64" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Stainless_Steel_sculpture%2C_Trinity_Square%2C_Gateshead._%2821008578901%29.jpg/96px-Stainless_Steel_sculpture%2C_Trinity_Square%2C_Gateshead._%2821008578901%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Stainless_Steel_sculpture%2C_Trinity_Square%2C_Gateshead._%2821008578901%29.jpg/128px-Stainless_Steel_sculpture%2C_Trinity_Square%2C_Gateshead._%2821008578901%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Angel_of_the_North,_Gateshead,_United_Kingdom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Angel_of_the_North%2C_Gateshead%2C_United_Kingdom.jpg/170px-Angel_of_the_North%2C_Gateshead%2C_United_Kingdom.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Angel_of_the_North%2C_Gateshead%2C_United_Kingdom.jpg/255px-Angel_of_the_North%2C_Gateshead%2C_United_Kingdom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Angel_of_the_North%2C_Gateshead%2C_United_Kingdom.jpg/340px-Angel_of_the_North%2C_Gateshead%2C_United_Kingdom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2232" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saltwell_Towers,_Saltwell_Park,_Gateshead_(geograph_2319658).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Saltwell_Towers%2C_Saltwell_Park%2C_Gateshead_%28geograph_2319658%29.jpg/112px-Saltwell_Towers%2C_Saltwell_Park%2C_Gateshead_%28geograph_2319658%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Saltwell_Towers%2C_Saltwell_Park%2C_Gateshead_%28geograph_2319658%29.jpg/168px-Saltwell_Towers%2C_Saltwell_Park%2C_Gateshead_%28geograph_2319658%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Saltwell_Towers%2C_Saltwell_Park%2C_Gateshead_%28geograph_2319658%29.jpg/224px-Saltwell_Towers%2C_Saltwell_Park%2C_Gateshead_%28geograph_2319658%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gateshead_Library_(geograph_6337694).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gateshead_Library_%28geograph_6337694%29.jpg/122px-Gateshead_Library_%28geograph_6337694%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gateshead_Library_%28geograph_6337694%29.jpg/183px-Gateshead_Library_%28geograph_6337694%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gateshead_Library_%28geograph_6337694%29.jpg/244px-Gateshead_Library_%28geograph_6337694%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3553" data-file-height="2428" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Upper: <a href="/wiki/BALTIC" class="mw-redirect" title="BALTIC">BALTIC</a> and <a href="/wiki/GH_Music_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="GH Music Centre">The Glasshouse</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Quayside" title="Quayside">Quayside</a></li><li>Middle: <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Square,_Gateshead" title="Trinity Square, Gateshead">Trinity Square</a> Halo and the <a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_North" title="Angel of the North">Angel of the North</a></li><li>Lower: <a href="/wiki/Saltwell_Towers" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltwell Towers">Saltwell Park</a> and the Central Library</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gateshead is located in Tyne and Wear"><img alt="Gateshead is located in Tyne and Wear" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Tyne_and_Wear_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1252" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.368%;left:50%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gateshead"><img alt="Gateshead" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Gateshead</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">199,139 <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=54.934103~-1.626969&lvl=10&sp=Point.54.934103_-1.626969_Gateshead&sty=s&style=s">NZ2460</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Metropolitan borough</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Gateshead" title="Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead">Gateshead</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GATESHEAD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NE_postcode_area" title="NE postcode area">NE8-NE11</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0191</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northumbria_Police" title="Northumbria Police">Northumbria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service">Tyne and Wear</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_East_Ambulance_Service" title="North East Ambulance Service">North East</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Central_and_Whickham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Gateshead Central and Whickham (UK Parliament constituency)">Gateshead Central and Whickham</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gateshead.gov.uk">gateshead<wbr />.gov<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Tyne_and_Wear" title="List of places in Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gateshead&params=54_57_20_N_1_36_00_W_region:GB_type:city(199139)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°57′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°36′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.95556°N 1.60000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.95556; -1.60000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gateshead</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span></span>)<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a town in the <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Metropolitan_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateshead Metropolitan Borough">Gateshead Metropolitan Borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a>, England. It is on the <a href="/wiki/River_Tyne" title="River Tyne">River Tyne</a>'s southern bank. The town's attractions include the twenty metre tall <a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_North" title="Angel of the North">Angel of the North</a> sculpture on the town's southern outskirts, <a href="/wiki/The_Glasshouse_International_Centre_for_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="The Glasshouse International Centre for Music">The Glasshouse International Centre for Music</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Centre_for_Contemporary_Art" title="Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art">Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art</a>. The town shares the <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Millennium_Bridge" title="Gateshead Millennium Bridge">Millennium Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyne_Bridge" title="Tyne Bridge">Tyne Bridge</a> and multiple other bridges with <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historically</a> part of <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1888" title="Local Government Act 1888">Local Government Act 1888</a> the town was made a <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a>, meaning it was administered independently of the <a href="/wiki/County_council" title="County council">county council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gBoroughHist1974_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gBoroughHist1974-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021 Census</a>, the town had a population of 196,151.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name_origins">Name origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gateshead is first mentioned in Latin translation in <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_History_of_the_English_People" title="Ecclesiastical History of the English People">Ecclesiastical History of the English People</a></i> as <i>ad caput caprae</i> ("at the goat's head"). This interpretation is consistent with the later English attestations of the name, among them <i>Gatesheued</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1190</span>), literally "goat's head" but in the context of a place-name meaning 'headland or hill frequented by (wild) goats'. Although other derivations have been mooted, it is this that is given by the standard authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Brittonic</a> predecessor, named with the element <i>*gabro-</i>, 'goat' (c.f. <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> <i>gafr</i>), may underlie the name.<sup id="cite_ref-pnnd_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pnnd-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gateshead might have been the <a href="/wiki/Roman-British" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman-British">Roman-British</a> fort of <i>Gabrosentum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-pnnd_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pnnd-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early">Early</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There has been a settlement on the Gateshead side of the River Tyne, around the old river crossing where the <a href="/wiki/Swing_Bridge,_River_Tyne" title="Swing Bridge, River Tyne">Swing Bridge</a> now stands, since Roman times. </p><p>The first recorded mention of Gateshead is in the writings of the <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Venerable Bede</a> who referred to an Abbot of Gateshead called Utta in 623. In 1068 <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> defeated the forces of <a href="/wiki/Edgar_the_%C3%86theling" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar the Ætheling">Edgar the Ætheling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm III of Scotland">Malcolm</a> king of Scotland (<a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_(Macbeth)" title="Malcolm (Macbeth)">Malcolm</a>) on Gateshead Fell (now <a href="/wiki/Low_Fell" title="Low Fell">Low Fell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_Hill" title="Sheriff Hill">Sheriff Hill</a>). </p><p>During medieval times Gateshead was under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Durham" title="Bishop of Durham">Bishop of Durham</a>. At this time the area was largely forest with some agricultural land. The forest was the subject of Gateshead's first charter, granted in the 12th century by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_du_Puiset" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh du Puiset">Hugh du Puiset</a>, Bishop of Durham. An alternative spelling may be "Gatishevede", as seen in a legal record, dated 1430.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_revolution">Industrial revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Industrial revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> the population of Gateshead expanded rapidly; between 1801 and 1901 the increase was over 100,000. This expansion resulted in the spread southwards of the town. </p><p>In 1854, a <a href="/wiki/Great_fire_of_Newcastle_and_Gateshead" title="Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead">catastrophic explosion</a> on the quayside destroyed most of Gateshead's medieval heritage, and caused widespread damage on the Newcastle side of the river. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sir_Joseph_Swan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Joseph Swan">Sir Joseph Swan</a> lived at <a href="/wiki/Underhill,_Low_Fell,_Gateshead" class="mw-redirect" title="Underhill, Low Fell, Gateshead">Underhill, Low Fell, Gateshead</a> from 1869 to 1883, where his experiments led to the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Electric_light_bulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric light bulb">electric light bulb</a>. The house was the first in the world to be wired for domestic electric light. </p><p>In 1889 one of the largest employers (<a href="/wiki/Hawks,_Crawshay_and_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawks, Crawshay and Sons">Hawks, Crawshay and Sons</a>) closed down and unemployment has since been a burden. Up to the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> there were repeated newspaper reports of the unemployed sending deputations to the council to provide work. The depression years of the 1920s and 1930s created even more joblessness and the <a href="/wiki/Team_Valley" title="Team Valley">Team Valley</a> Trading Estate was built in the mid-1930s to alleviate the situation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regeneration">Regeneration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Regeneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gateshead_Millennium_Bridge_at_night_in_January_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Gateshead_Millennium_Bridge_at_night_in_January_2006.jpg/220px-Gateshead_Millennium_Bridge_at_night_in_January_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Gateshead_Millennium_Bridge_at_night_in_January_2006.jpg/330px-Gateshead_Millennium_Bridge_at_night_in_January_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Gateshead_Millennium_Bridge_at_night_in_January_2006.jpg/440px-Gateshead_Millennium_Bridge_at_night_in_January_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Quays" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateshead Quays">Gateshead Quays</a> across the <a href="/wiki/River_Tyne" title="River Tyne">River Tyne</a> at night – <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Millennium_Bridge" title="Gateshead Millennium Bridge">Gateshead Millennium Bridge</a> and behind it <a href="/wiki/GH_Music_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="GH Music Centre">The Glasshouse</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the late <a href="/wiki/Noughties" class="mw-redirect" title="Noughties">noughties</a>, Gateshead Council started to regenerate the town, with the long-term aim of making Gateshead a city.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most extensive transformation occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Quayside" title="Quayside">Quayside</a>, with almost all the structures there being constructed or refurbished in this time. </p><p>In the early 2010s, regeneration refocused on the town centre. The £150 million <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Square,_Gateshead" title="Trinity Square, Gateshead">Trinity Square</a> development opened in May 2013, it incorporates student accommodation, a cinema, health centre and shops.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Carbuncle_Cup" title="Carbuncle Cup">Carbuncle Cup</a> in September 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cup was however awarded to another development which involved <a href="/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woolwich_Central_Riverside" class="mw-redirect" title="Woolwich Central Riverside">Woolwich Central</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former">Former</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Former"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancien_H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Gateshead_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ancien_H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Gateshead_5.jpg/220px-Ancien_H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Gateshead_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ancien_H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Gateshead_5.jpg/330px-Ancien_H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Gateshead_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ancien_H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Gateshead_5.jpg/440px-Ancien_H%C3%B4tel_Ville_Gateshead_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Gateshead" title="Old Town Hall, Gateshead">Old Town Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1835, Gateshead was established as a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">municipal borough</a><sup id="cite_ref-gBoroughHist1974_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gBoroughHist1974-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1889 it was made a <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a>, independent from <a href="/wiki/Durham_County_Council" title="Durham County Council">Durham County Council</a>. </p><p>In 1870, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Gateshead" title="Old Town Hall, Gateshead">Old Town Hall</a> was built, designed by John Johnstone who also designed the previously built <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Town_Hall" title="Newcastle Town Hall">Newcastle Town Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ornamental clock in front of the old town hall was presented to Gateshead in 1892 by the mayor, Walter de Lancey Willson, on the occasion of him being elected for a third time.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also one of the founders of Walter Willson's, a chain of grocers in the North East and Cumbria.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old town hall also served as a magistrate's court and one of Gateshead's police stations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current">Current</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gateshead_Council_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gateshead_Council_building.jpg/220px-Gateshead_Council_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gateshead_Council_building.jpg/330px-Gateshead_Council_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gateshead_Council_building.jpg/440px-Gateshead_Council_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Civic_Centre" title="Gateshead Civic Centre">Gateshead Civic Centre</a> completed in 1987</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1974, following the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a>, the County Borough of Gateshead was merged with the <a href="/wiki/Urban_district_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)">urban districts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Felling,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Felling, Tyne and Wear">Felling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whickham" title="Whickham">Whickham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaydon" title="Blaydon">Blaydon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryton,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Ryton, Tyne and Wear">Ryton</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Rural_district" title="Rural district">rural district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chester-le-Street_(district)" title="Chester-le-Street (district)">Chester-le-Street</a> to create the much larger <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Gateshead" title="Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead">Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gBoroughHist1974_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gBoroughHist1974-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town of Gateshead is in the <a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East of England</a> in the ceremonial county of <a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a>, and within the historic boundaries of <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a>. It is located on the southern bank of the <a href="/wiki/River_Tyne" title="River Tyne">River Tyne</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> of 54.57° N and a <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a> of 1.35° W. Gateshead experiences a <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> climate which is considerably warmer than some other locations at similar latitudes as a result of the warming influence of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a> (via the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_drift" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic drift">North Atlantic drift</a>). It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow</a> of the <a href="/wiki/North_Pennines" title="North Pennines">North Pennines</a> and is therefore in one of the driest regions of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>One of the most distinguishing features of Gateshead is its <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a>. The land rises 230 feet from <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Quays" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateshead Quays">Gateshead Quays</a> to the town centre and continues rising to a height of 525 feet at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_Hill" title="Sheriff Hill">Sheriff Hill</a>. This is in contrast to the flat and low lying <a href="/wiki/Team_Valley" title="Team Valley">Team Valley</a> located on the western edges of town. The high elevations allow for impressive views over the Tyne valley into <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a> and across <a href="/wiki/Tyneside" title="Tyneside">Tyneside</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sunderland,_Tyne_and_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunderland, Tyne and Wear">Sunderland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> from lookouts in Windmill Hills and Windy Nook respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a> defines the town as an urban sub-division. The 2011 ONS urban sub-division of Gateshead contains the historical County Borough together with areas that the town has absorbed, including <a href="/wiki/Dunston,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Dunston, Tyne and Wear">Dunston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felling,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Felling, Tyne and Wear">Felling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heworth,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Heworth, Tyne and Wear">Heworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelaw" title="Pelaw">Pelaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Quay" title="Bill Quay">Bill Quay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation.de_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given the proximity of Gateshead to Newcastle, just south of the <a href="/wiki/River_Tyne" title="River Tyne">River Tyne</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne_City_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle upon Tyne City Centre">city centre</a>, it is sometimes incorrectly referred to as being a part of Newcastle. <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateshead Council">Gateshead Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_City_Council" title="Newcastle City Council">Newcastle City Council</a> teamed up in 2000 to create a unified marketing brand name, <a href="/wiki/NewcastleGateshead" title="NewcastleGateshead">NewcastleGateshead</a>, to better promote the whole of the Tyneside conurbation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Climate in this area has small differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round to meet the criterion for Oceanic climate, at least 30 mm per month. The <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen Climate Classification">Köppen Climate Classification</a> subtype for this climate is "<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification#Group_C:_Temperate/mesothermal_climates" title="Köppen climate classification">Cfb</a>" (Marine West Coast Climate/<a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Oceanic climate</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Gateshead, UK </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14<br />(57) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(63) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(68) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(63) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13<br />(55) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51<br />(2) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">640<br />(25.3) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Weatherbase<sup id="cite_ref-Weatherbase_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weatherbase-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_belt">Green belt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Green belt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/North_East_Green_Belt" title="North East Green Belt">North East Green Belt</a></div> <p>The town is within the wider Tyne & Wear Green Belt,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with its portion in much of its surrounding rural area of the borough. It is a part of the local <a href="/wiki/Development_plan" title="Development plan">development plan</a> which is in conjunction with Newcastle city borough, and was created in the 1960s. </p><p>Its stated aims<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are to: </p> <ul><li><i>Prevent the merging of settlements, particularly: Gateshead with <a href="/wiki/Hebburn" title="Hebburn">Hebburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Washington, Tyne and Wear">Washington</a>, Birtley or Whickham ...the main built-up area with nearby villages; and villages with each other,</i></li> <li><i>Safeguard the countryside from encroachment,</i></li> <li><i>Check unrestricted <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>, and</i></li> <li><i>Assist in urban regeneration in the city-region by encouraging the recycling of derelict and other urban land.</i></li></ul> <p>In the Gateshead borough boundary, as well as the aforementioned areas, it also surrounds the communities of <a href="/wiki/Chopwell" title="Chopwell">Chopwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crawcrook" title="Crawcrook">Crawcrook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenside,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Greenside, Tyne and Wear">Greenside</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Spen" title="High Spen">High Spen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kibblesworth" title="Kibblesworth">Kibblesworth</a>, Lockhaugh, <a href="/wiki/Rowlands_Gill" title="Rowlands Gill">Rowlands Gill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryton,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Ryton, Tyne and Wear">Ryton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunniside,_Gateshead" title="Sunniside, Gateshead">Sunniside</a>, as well several small hamlets. Landscape features and facilities such as woods and nature reserves, local golf courses, Burdon Moor and Whinell Hill are also within the green belt area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town of Gateshead consists of the following districts. Some of them were once separate settlements that were absorbed by encroaching <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>, while others consist entirely of retail, industrial and housing estates. Many of these areas overlap each other and their boundaries are by no means official or fixed. Gateshead is a Town (Urban Subdivision) in the <a href="/wiki/Tyneside_urban_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyneside urban area">Tyneside urban area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation.de_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Gateshead town centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bensham" title="Bensham">Bensham</a>'s ward <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Team_Valley" title="Team Valley">Team Valley</a></li> <li>Team Valley Trading Estate</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deckham" title="Deckham">Deckham</a>'s ward <ul><li>Mount Pleasant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carr_Hill" title="Carr Hill">Carr Hill</a></li> <li>Old Fold</li> <li>Shipcote (overlaps into two wards)</li></ul></li> <li>Bridges' ward <ul><li>Central</li> <li>Redheugh</li></ul></li> <li>Chowdene's ward <ul><li>Harlow Green</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunston,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Dunston, Tyne and Wear">Dunston</a> and Teams' ward <ul><li>Low Teams</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swalwell" title="Swalwell">Swalwell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Fell" title="Low Fell">Low Fell</a></li> <li>Whickham East's ward <ul><li>Dunston Hill</li></ul></li> <li>High Fell's ward <ul><li>Black Hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff_Hill" title="Sheriff Hill">Sheriff Hill</a></li> <li>Ravensworth</li> <li>Beacon Lough</li> <li>Egremont Estate</li></ul></li> <li>Low Fell's ward <ul><li>Lyndhurst</li> <li>Allerdene</li></ul></li> <li>Saltwell's ward <ul><li>Shipcote (overlaps into two wards)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardley,_Gateshead" title="Wardley, Gateshead">Wardley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leam_Lane_Estate" title="Leam Lane Estate">Leam Lane</a>'s ward <ul><li>Follingsby</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelaw" title="Pelaw">Pelaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heworth,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Heworth, Tyne and Wear">Heworth</a>'s ward <ul><li>Bill Quay</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felling,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Felling, Tyne and Wear">Felling</a> <ul><li>North Felling/ Felling Shore (Formerly known as Tyne Main)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felling,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Felling, Tyne and Wear">Falla Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felling,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Felling, Tyne and Wear">Sunderland Road</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lamesley's ward <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wrekenton" title="Wrekenton">Wrekenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighton_Banks" title="Eighton Banks">Eighton Banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windy_Nook" title="Windy Nook">Windy Nook</a> and Whitehills' ward <ul><li>Staneway</li> <li>Whitehills Estate<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: Updated data from <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">Census 2021</a> is now available.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The table below compares the demographics of Gateshead with the wider Metropolitan borough. The town's population in 2011 was 120,046 compared with 78,403 in 2001. This is due to a slight population increase and boundary and methodology changes since 2001. Felling used to be a separate urban subdivision and had a population of around 35,000, but now it is considered part of Gateshead town. The population of the 2011 census boundaries in 2001 was 113,220,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proving that there was some sort of population increase. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Gateshead Ethnicity 2011 </th> <th>White British </th> <th>Asian </th> <th>Black </th></tr> <tr> <td>Gateshead </td> <td>92.0% </td> <td>2.5% </td> <td>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Gateshead" title="Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead">Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead</a> </td> <td>94.0% </td> <td>1.9% </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-nomisweb.co.uk_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nomisweb.co.uk-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ukcensusdata.com_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukcensusdata.com-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, 8.0% of the population of Gateshead Town were from an ethnic minority group (non-indigenous), compared with only 6.0% for the surrounding borough. Despite the borough's low ethnic minority population compared with the England average of 20.2%,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has slightly more ethnic minorities than other boroughs in Tyne and Wear, such as Sunderland or North Tyneside, and two wards near the town centre (Bridges and Saltwell) have minority populations very similar to the national average. The Tyneside metropolitan area, which contains the borough of Gateshead, has a population of 829,300;<sup id="cite_ref-euroNewcastle_Gats_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euroNewcastle_Gats-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the NewcastleGateshead urban core area has population of 480,400.<sup id="cite_ref-euroNewcastle_Gats_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euroNewcastle_Gats-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough_of_Gateshead" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan borough of Gateshead">Metropolitan borough of Gateshead</a> had a population of 200,214 in 2011. Gateshead is the main major area in the metropolitan borough and the town takes up around 60% of the borough's population.<sup id="cite_ref-ukcensusdata.com_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukcensusdata.com-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other major areas in the borough include <a href="/wiki/Whickham" title="Whickham">Whickham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birtley,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Birtley, Tyne and Wear">Birtley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaydon-on-Tyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Blaydon-on-Tyne">Blaydon-on-Tyne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryton,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Ryton, Tyne and Wear">Ryton</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gateshead is home to the <a href="/wiki/MetroCentre_(shopping_centre)" title="MetroCentre (shopping centre)">MetroCentre</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">shopping mall</a> in the UK until 2008; and the <a href="/wiki/Team_Valley" title="Team Valley">Team Valley</a> Trading Estate, once the largest and still one of the larger purpose-built commercial estates in the UK. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Centre_for_Contemporary_Art" title="Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art">Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art</a> has been established in a converted flour mill. <a href="/wiki/The_Glasshouse_International_Centre_for_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="The Glasshouse International Centre for Music">The Glasshouse International Centre for Music</a>, previously The Sage, a <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster,_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank" title="Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank">Norman Foster</a>-designed venue for music and the performing arts opened on 17 December 2004. Gateshead also hosted the <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Garden_Festival" title="Gateshead Garden Festival">Gateshead Garden Festival</a> in 1990, rejuvenating 200 acres (0.81 km<sup>2</sup>) of derelict land (now mostly replaced with housing). The <a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_North" title="Angel of the North">Angel of the North</a>, a famous sculpture in nearby <a href="/wiki/Lamesley" title="Lamesley">Lamesley</a>, is visible from the <a href="/wiki/A1_road_(Great_Britain)" title="A1 road (Great Britain)">A1</a> to the south of Gateshead, as well as from the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Line" title="East Coast Main Line">East Coast Main Line</a>. Other public art include works by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Deacon_(sculptor)" title="Richard Deacon (sculptor)">Richard Deacon</a>, Colin Rose, <a href="/wiki/Sally_Matthews_(sculptor)" title="Sally Matthews (sculptor)">Sally Matthews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Goldsworthy" title="Andy Goldsworthy">Andy Goldsworthy</a>, Gordon Young and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Winstone" title="Michael Winstone">Michael Winstone</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_and_former">Traditional and former</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Traditional and former"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest recorded coal mining in the Gateshead area is dated to 1344.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As trade on the Tyne prospered there were several attempts by the burghers of Newcastle to annex Gateshead. In 1576 a small group of Newcastle merchants acquired the 'Grand Lease' of the manors of Gateshead and <a href="/wiki/Whickham" title="Whickham">Whickham</a>. In the hundred years from 1574 coal shipments from Newcastle increased elevenfold while the population of Gateshead doubled to approximately 5,500. However, the lease and the abundant coal supplies ended in 1680. The pits were shallow as problems of ventilation and flooding defeated attempts to mine coal from the deeper seams. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Cotesworth_of_Gateshead" title="William Cotesworth of Gateshead">William Cotesworth</a> (1668-1726) was a prominent merchant based in Gateshead, where he was a leader in coal and international trade. Cotesworth began as the son of a yeoman and apprentice to a tallow - candler. He ended as an esquire, having been mayor, <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">Justice of the Peace</a> and sheriff of Northumberland. He collected tallow from all over England and sold it across the globe. He imported dyes from the Indies, as well as flax, wine, and grain. He sold tea, sugar, chocolate, and tobacco. He operated the largest coal mines in the area, and was a leading salt producer. As the government's principal agent in the North country, he was in contact with leading ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hawks_family" title="Hawks family">William Hawks</a>, originally a <a href="/wiki/Blacksmith" title="Blacksmith">blacksmith</a>, started business in Gateshead in 1747, working with the iron brought to the Tyne as ballast by the Tyne colliers. <a href="/wiki/Hawks_family" title="Hawks family">Hawks and Co.</a> eventually became one of the biggest iron businesses in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">North</a>, producing anchors, chains and so on to meet a growing demand. There was keen contemporary rivalry between 'Hawks' Blacks' and 'Crowley's Crew'. The famous 'Hawks' men' including Ned White, went on to be celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Geordie" title="Geordie">Geordie</a> song and story. </p><p>In 1831 a locomotive works was established by the Newcastle and Darlington Railway, later part of the <a href="/wiki/York,_Newcastle_and_Berwick_Railway" title="York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway">York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway</a>. In 1854 the works moved to the Greenesfield site and became the manufacturing headquarters of <a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Railway_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Eastern Railway (UK)">North Eastern Railway</a>. In 1909, locomotive construction was moved to <a href="/wiki/Darlington_railway_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Darlington railway works">Darlington</a> and the rest of the works were closed in 1932. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stirling_Newall" title="Robert Stirling Newall">Robert Stirling Newall</a> took out a patent on the manufacture of wire ropes in 1840 and in partnership with Messrs. Liddell and Gordon, set up his headquarters at Gateshead. A worldwide industry of wire-drawing resulted. The submarine telegraph cable received its definitive form through Newall's initiative, involving the use of <a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha" title="Gutta-percha">gutta-percha</a> surrounded by strong wires. The first successful <a href="/wiki/Dover" title="Dover">Dover</a>–<a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a> cable on 25 September 1851, was made in Newall's works. In 1853, he invented the brake-drum and cone for laying cable in deep seas. Half of the first <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a> cable was manufactured in Gateshead. Newall was interested in astronomy, and his giant 25-inch (640 mm) telescope was set up in the garden at Ferndene, his Gateshead residence, in 1871. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angel_of_the_North_silhouette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Angel_of_the_North_silhouette.jpg/220px-Angel_of_the_North_silhouette.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Angel_of_the_North_silhouette.jpg/330px-Angel_of_the_North_silhouette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Angel_of_the_North_silhouette.jpg/440px-Angel_of_the_North_silhouette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3709" data-file-height="2217" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_North" title="Angel of the North">Angel of the North</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/J._B._Priestley" title="J. B. Priestley">J. B. Priestley</a>, writing of Gateshead in his 1934 travelogue <i><a href="/wiki/English_Journey" title="English Journey">English Journey</a></i>, said that "no true civilisation could have produced such a town", adding that it appeared to have been designed "by an enemy of the human race".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Victorian">Victorian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Victorian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saltwell_Towers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Saltwell_Towers.jpg/250px-Saltwell_Towers.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Saltwell_Towers.jpg/375px-Saltwell_Towers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Saltwell_Towers.jpg/500px-Saltwell_Towers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Saltwell Towers</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Wailes" title="William Wailes">William Wailes</a> the celebrated stained-glass maker, lived at South Dene from 1853 to 1860. In 1860, he designed <a href="/wiki/Saltwell_Park" title="Saltwell Park">Saltwell Towers</a> as a fairy-tale palace for himself. It is an imposing Victorian mansion in its own park with a romantic skyline of turrets and battlements. It was originally furnished sumptuously by Gerrard Robinson. Some of the panelling installed by Robinson was later moved to the <a href="/wiki/Shipley_Art_Gallery" title="Shipley Art Gallery">Shipley Art Gallery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wailes sold Saltwell Towers to the corporation in 1876 for use as a public park, provided he could use the house for the rest of his life. For many years the structure was essentially an empty shell but following a restoration programme it was reopened to the public in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_millennium">Post millennium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Post millennium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sage_Gateshead_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Sage_Gateshead_2004.jpg/310px-The_Sage_Gateshead_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Sage_Gateshead_2004.jpg/465px-The_Sage_Gateshead_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Sage_Gateshead_2004.jpg/620px-The_Sage_Gateshead_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Glasshouse_International_Centre_for_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="The Glasshouse International Centre for Music">The Glasshouse International Centre for Music</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The council sponsored the development of a Gateshead Quays cultural quarter. The development includes the <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Millennium_Bridge" title="Gateshead Millennium Bridge">Gateshead Millennium Bridge</a>, erected in 2001, which won the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Prize" title="Stirling Prize">Stirling Prize</a> for Architecture in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_brutalism">Former brutalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Former brutalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinitycarpark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Trinitycarpark.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="167" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Centre_Multi-Storey_Car_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Centre Multi-Storey Car Park">Trinity Centre Car Park</a> in Gateshead town centre, as seen in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Get_Carter" title="Get Carter">Get Carter</a></i> (since demolished)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">brutalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Square,_Gateshead" title="Trinity Square, Gateshead">Trinity Centre Car Park</a>, which was designed by <a href="/wiki/Owen_Luder" title="Owen Luder">Owen Luder</a>, dominated the town centre for many years until its demolition in 2010. A product of attempts to regenerate the area in the 1960s, the car park gained an iconic status due to its appearance in the 1971 film <i><a href="/wiki/Get_Carter" title="Get Carter">Get Carter</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a>. An unsuccessful campaign to have the structure <a href="/wiki/Listed_building_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Listed building (United Kingdom)">listed</a> was backed by <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a>, who played the main role in the <a href="/wiki/Get_Carter_(2000_film)" title="Get Carter (2000 film)">2000 remake</a> of the film.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The car park was scheduled for demolition in 2009, but this was delayed as a result of a disagreement between <a href="/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a>, who re-developed the site, and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Gateshead" title="Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead">Gateshead Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council had not been given firm assurances that Tesco would build the previously envisioned town centre development which was to include a Tesco mega-store as well as shops, restaurants, cafes, bars, offices and student accommodation.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council effectively used the car park as a bargaining tool to ensure that the company adhered to the original proposals and blocked its demolition until they submitted a suitable planning application.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demolition finally took place in July–August 2010. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:63px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_southwards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_southwards.jpg/93px-View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_southwards.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="64" class="mw-file-element" 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height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_towards_Newcastle_upon_Tyne.jpg/141px-View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_towards_Newcastle_upon_Tyne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_towards_Newcastle_upon_Tyne.jpg/188px-View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_towards_Newcastle_upon_Tyne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="790" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:63px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north.jpg/93px-View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north.jpg/140px-View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north.jpg/186px-View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:63px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north_east.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north_east.jpg/93px-View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north_east.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north_east.jpg/140px-View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north_east.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north_east.jpg/186px-View_from_Old_Trinity_Centre_Car_Park_looking_north_east.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">A series of views running clockwise South to North East from Old Trinity Centre Car Park in 1990</div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Derwent_Tower" title="Derwent Tower">Derwent Tower</a>, another well known example of brutalist architecture, was also designed by Owen Luder and stood in the neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Dunston,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Dunston, Tyne and Wear">Dunston</a>. Like the Trinity Car Park it also failed in its bid to become a <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a> and was demolished in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also located in this area are the Grade II listed <a href="/wiki/Dunston_Staiths" title="Dunston Staiths">Dunston Staiths</a> which were built in 1890. Following the award of a <a href="/wiki/National_Lottery_Heritage_Fund" title="National Lottery Heritage Fund">Heritage Lottery Fund</a> grant of almost £420,000 restoration of the structure was planned in 2014<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and completed by 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gateshead_stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gateshead_stadium.jpg/220px-Gateshead_stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gateshead_stadium.jpg/330px-Gateshead_stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Gateshead_stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_International_Stadium" title="Gateshead International Stadium">Gateshead International Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_International_Stadium" title="Gateshead International Stadium">Gateshead International Stadium</a> regularly holds international <a href="/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics (sport)">athletics</a> meetings over the summer months, and is home of the <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Harriers" title="Gateshead Harriers">Gateshead Harriers</a> athletics club. It is also host to <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> fixtures, and the home ground of <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_F.C." title="Gateshead F.C.">Gateshead Football Club</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Thunder" title="Newcastle Thunder">Gateshead Thunder</a> Rugby League Football Club played at Gateshead International Stadium until its purchase by Newcastle Rugby Limited and the subsequent rebranding as <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Thunder" title="Newcastle Thunder">Newcastle Thunder</a>. Both clubs have had their problems: <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_A.F.C." title="Gateshead A.F.C.">Gateshead A.F.C.</a> were controversially voted out of the <a href="/wiki/English_Football_League" title="English Football League">Football League</a> in 1960 in favour of <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_United_F.C." title="Peterborough United F.C.">Peterborough United</a>, whilst <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Thunder_(1999)" title="Gateshead Thunder (1999)">Gateshead Thunder</a> lost their place in <a href="/wiki/Super_League" title="Super League">Super League</a> as a result of a takeover (officially termed a merger) by <a href="/wiki/Hull_F.C." title="Hull F.C.">Hull F.C.</a> Both Gateshead clubs continue to ply their trade at lower levels in their respective sports, thanks mainly to the efforts of their supporters. The <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Senators" title="Gateshead Senators">Gateshead Senators</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="American Football">American Football</a> team also use the International Stadium, as well as this it was used in the 2006 Northern Conference champions in the <a href="/wiki/British_American_Football_League" title="British American Football League">British American Football League</a>. </p><p>Gateshead Leisure Centre is home to the Gateshead Phoenix Basketball Team. The team currently plays in EBL League Division 4. Home games are usually on a Sunday afternoon during the season, which runs from September to March. The team was formed in 2013 and ended their initial season well placed to progress after defeating local rivals Newcastle Eagles II and promotion chasing <a href="/wiki/Kingston_Panthers" title="Kingston Panthers">Kingston Panthers</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Low_Fell" title="Low Fell">Low Fell</a> there is a cricket club and a rugby club adjacent to each other on Eastwood Gardens. These are Gateshead Fell Cricket Club<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Gateshead Rugby Club.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gateshead Rugby Club was formed in 1998 following the merger of Gateshead Fell Rugby Club and North Durham Rugby Club.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gateshead is served by the following rail transport stations with some being operated by <a href="/wiki/National_Rail" title="National Rail">National Rail</a> and some being <a href="/wiki/Tyne_%26_Wear_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyne & Wear Metro">Tyne & Wear Metro</a> stations: <a href="/wiki/Dunston_railway_station" title="Dunston railway station">Dunston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felling_Metro_station" title="Felling Metro station">Felling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Interchange" title="Gateshead Interchange">Gateshead Interchange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Stadium_Metro_station" title="Gateshead Stadium Metro station">Gateshead Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heworth_Interchange" title="Heworth Interchange">Heworth Interchange</a>, <a href="/wiki/MetroCentre_railway_station" title="MetroCentre railway station">MetroCentre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pelaw_Metro_station" title="Pelaw Metro station">Pelaw</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tyne_%26_Wear_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyne & Wear Metro">Tyne & Wear Metro</a> stations at Gateshead Interchange and Gateshead Stadium provide direct light-rail access to <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Central_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle Central railway station">Newcastle Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Airport_metro_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle Airport metro station">Newcastle Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunderland_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunderland railway station">Sunderland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tynemouth_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tynemouth railway station">Tynemouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Shields_Interchange" title="South Shields Interchange">South Shields Interchange</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/National_Rail" title="National Rail">National Rail</a> services are provided by <a href="/wiki/Northern_(train_operating_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern (train operating company)">Northern</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dunston_railway_station" title="Dunston railway station">Dunston</a> and <a href="/wiki/MetroCentre_railway_station" title="MetroCentre railway station">MetroCentre</a> stations. The <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Line" title="East Coast Main Line">East Coast Main Line</a>, which runs from <a href="/wiki/London_Kings_Cross_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="London Kings Cross railway station">London Kings Cross</a> to <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Waverley_railway_station" title="Edinburgh Waverley railway station">Edinburgh Waverley</a>, cuts directly through the town on its way between <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Central_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle Central railway station">Newcastle Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chester-le-Street_railway_station" title="Chester-le-Street railway station">Chester-le-Street</a> stations. There are presently no stations on this line within Gateshead, as <a href="/wiki/Low_Fell_railway_station" title="Low Fell railway station">Low Fell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bensham_railway_station" title="Bensham railway station">Bensham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_West_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateshead West railway station">Gateshead West</a> stations were closed in 1952, 1954 and 1965 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_side_of_Gateshead_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3164344.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/South_side_of_Gateshead_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3164344.jpg/250px-South_side_of_Gateshead_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3164344.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/South_side_of_Gateshead_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3164344.jpg/375px-South_side_of_Gateshead_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3164344.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/South_side_of_Gateshead_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3164344.jpg/500px-South_side_of_Gateshead_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3164344.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>South side of Gateshead Interchange</figcaption></figure> <p>Several major road links pass through Gateshead, including the <a href="/wiki/A1_road_(Great_Britain)" title="A1 road (Great Britain)">A1</a> which links <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> to <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> and the A184 which connects the town to <a href="/wiki/Sunderland,_Tyne_and_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunderland, Tyne and Wear">Sunderland</a>. </p><p>Gateshead Interchange is the busiest bus station in <a href="/wiki/Tyne_%26_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyne & Wear">Tyne & Wear</a> and was used by 3.9 million bus passengers in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycle_routes">Cycle routes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cycle routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various bicycle trails traverse the town; most notably is the recreational <a href="/wiki/Keelmans_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Keelmans Way">Keelmans Way</a> (National Cycle Route 141), which is located on the south bank of the Tyne and takes riders along the entire Gateshead foreshore.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other prominent routes include the East Gateshead Cycleway, which connects to <a href="/wiki/Felling,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Felling, Tyne and Wear">Felling</a>, the West Gateshead Cycleway, which links the town centre to <a href="/wiki/Dunston,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Dunston, Tyne and Wear">Dunston</a> and the <a href="/wiki/MetroCentre_(shopping_centre)" title="MetroCentre (shopping centre)">MetroCentre</a>, and routes along both the old and new Durham roads, which take cyclists to <a href="/wiki/Birtley,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Birtley, Tyne and Wear">Birtley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrekenton" title="Wrekenton">Wrekenton</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_North" title="Angel of the North">Angel of the North</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christianity has been present in the town since at least the 7th century, when <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> mentioned a monastery in Gateshead. A church in the town was burned down in 1080 with the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Durham" title="Bishop of Durham">Bishop of Durham</a> inside.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> St Mary's Church was built near to the site of that building, and was the only church in the town until the 1820s. Undoubtedly the oldest building on the Quayside, St Mary's has now re-opened to the public as the town's first heritage centre.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> churches in the town date from the 19th century, when the population of the town grew dramatically and expanded into new areas.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town presently has a number of notable and large churches of many denominations.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bensham" title="Bensham">Bensham</a> district is home to a community of hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jewish</a> families and used to be known as "Little <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-quest_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quest-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the community is the <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Talmudical_College" title="Gateshead Talmudical College">Gateshead Yeshiva</a>, founded in 1929,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other Jewish educational institutions with international enrolments. These include two seminaries: <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Talmudical_College#Jewish_Teachers'_Training_College,_Gateshead" title="Gateshead Talmudical College">Beis Medrash L'Morot</a> and Beis Chaya Rochel, colloquially known together as Gateshead "old" and "new" seminaries. Many <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshivos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">kollelim</a> also are active, including <a href="/wiki/Sunderland_Talmudical_College" title="Sunderland Talmudical College">Sunderland Yeshiva</a>, Baer Hatorah, Nesivos Hatorah, Nezer Hatorah and Yeshiva Ketana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is practised by a large community of people in Gateshead and there are 2 mosques located in the Bensham area (in Ely Street and Villa Place). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twinning">Twinning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Twinning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gateshead is twinned with the town of <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-du-Rouvray" title="Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray">Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray</a> near <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> in France, and the city of <a href="/wiki/Komatsu,_Ishikawa" title="Komatsu, Ishikawa">Komatsu</a> in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gateshead" title="Special:EditPage/Gateshead">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Gateshead" title="List of people from Gateshead">List of people from Gateshead</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Adler" title="Eliezer Adler">Eliezer Adler</a> – founder of Jewish Community</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Bentley" title="Marcus Bentley">Marcus Bentley</a> – narrator of <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Brother (UK)">Big Brother</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Booth" title="Catherine Booth">Catherine Booth</a> – wife of William Booth, known as the Mother of The Salvation Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Booth" title="William Booth">William Booth</a> – founder of <a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">the Salvation Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bowes,_Countess_of_Strathmore_and_Kinghorne" title="Mary Bowes, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne">Mary Bowes</a> – <i>the Unhappy Countess</i>, author and celebrity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Branfoot" title="Ian Branfoot">Ian Branfoot</a> – footballer and manager (<a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C." title="Sheffield Wednesday F.C.">Sheffield Wednesday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southampton_F.C." title="Southampton F.C.">Southampton</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Carroll" title="Andy Carroll">Andy Carroll</a> – footballer (<a href="/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C." title="Newcastle United F.C.">Newcastle United</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C." title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Ham_United_F.C." title="West Ham United F.C.">West Ham United</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Clark_(footballer)" title="Frank Clark (footballer)">Frank Clark</a> – footballer and manager (<a href="/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C." title="Newcastle United F.C.">Newcastle United</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Forest_F.C." title="Nottingham Forest F.C.">Nottingham Forest</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Clelland" title="David Clelland">David Clelland</a> – <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">MP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Conway" title="Derek Conway">Derek Conway</a> – former <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> politician and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">MP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cowen" title="Joseph Cowen">Joseph Cowen</a> – Radical politician<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cram" title="Steve Cram">Steve Cram</a> – athlete (middle-distance runner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Davies" title="Emily Davies">Emily Davies</a> – educational reformer and feminist, founder of <a href="/wiki/Girton_College,_Cambridge" title="Girton College, Cambridge">Girton College, Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a> – writer and government agent<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dodds" title="Ruth Dodds">Ruth Dodds</a> – politician, writer and co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Little_Theatre_Gateshead" title="Little Theatre Gateshead">Little Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(triple_jumper)" title="Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)">Jonathan Edwards</a> – athlete (<a href="/wiki/Triple_jump" title="Triple jump">triple jumper</a>) and television presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Johnson" title="Sammy Johnson">Sammy Johnson</a> – actor (<i><a href="/wiki/Spender" title="Spender">Spender</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Elliot,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Elliot, 1st Baronet">George Elliot</a> – industrialist and MP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gascoigne" title="Paul Gascoigne">Paul Gascoigne</a> – footballer (<a href="/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C." title="Newcastle United F.C.">Newcastle United</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C." title="Tottenham Hotspur F.C.">Tottenham Hotspur</a>, <a href="/wiki/S.S._Lazio" class="mw-redirect" title="S.S. Lazio">Lazio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangers_F.C." title="Rangers F.C.">Rangers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_F.C." title="Middlesbrough F.C.">Middlesbrough</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Glasgow" title="Alex Glasgow">Alex Glasgow</a> – singer/songwriter<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avrohom_Gurwicz" title="Avrohom Gurwicz">Avrohom Gurwicz</a> – rabbi, Dean of Gateshead Yeshiva</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leib_Gurwicz" title="Leib Gurwicz">Leib Gurwicz</a> – rabbi, Dean of Gateshead Yeshiva</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Halfpenny" title="Jill Halfpenny">Jill Halfpenny</a> – actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Street" title="Coronation Street">Coronation Street</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/EastEnders" title="EastEnders">EastEnders</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Halfpenny" title="Chelsea Halfpenny">Chelsea Halfpenny</a> – actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Emmerdale" title="Emmerdale">Emmerdale</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hodgson_(footballer)" title="David Hodgson (footballer)">David Hodgson</a> – footballer and manager (<a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_F.C." title="Middlesbrough F.C.">Middlesbrough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C." title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunderland_A.F.C." title="Sunderland A.F.C.">Sunderland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Hodgson" title="Sharon Hodgson">Sharon Hodgson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">MP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Hunter_(footballer)" title="Norman Hunter (footballer)">Norman Hunter</a> – footballer (<a href="/wiki/Leeds_United_F.C." title="Leeds United F.C.">Leeds United</a> and member of <a href="/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1966 FIFA World Cup">1966 World Cup</a>-winning <a href="/wiki/England_national_football_team" title="England national football team">England</a> squad)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Hutchison" title="Don Hutchison">Don Hutchison</a> – footballer (<a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C." title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Ham_United_F.C." title="West Ham United F.C.">West Ham United</a>, <a href="/wiki/Everton_F.C." title="Everton F.C.">Everton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunderland_A.F.C." title="Sunderland A.F.C.">Sunderland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson" title="Brian Johnson">Brian Johnson</a> – <a href="/wiki/AC/DC" title="AC/DC">AC/DC</a> frontman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Johnson_(footballer,_born_1971)" title="Tommy Johnson (footballer, born 1971)">Tommy Johnson</a> – footballer (<a href="/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C." title="Aston Villa F.C.">Aston Villa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celtic_F.C." title="Celtic F.C.">Celtic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley_Jones_(actor)" title="Riley Jones (actor)">Riley Jones</a> - actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Kendall" title="Howard Kendall">Howard Kendall</a> – footballer and manager (<a href="/wiki/Preston_North_End_F.C." title="Preston North End F.C.">Preston North End</a> and <a href="/wiki/Everton_F.C." title="Everton F.C.">Everton</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Thomas_Looney" title="J. Thomas Looney">J. Thomas Looney</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> scholar<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Madine" title="Gary Madine">Gary Madine</a> – footballer (<a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C." title="Sheffield Wednesday F.C.">Sheffield Wednesday</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_McDonald" title="Justin McDonald">Justin McDonald</a> – actor (<i><a href="/wiki/Distant_Shores_(UK_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Distant Shores (UK TV series)">Distant Shores</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrie_McMenemy" title="Lawrie McMenemy">Lawrie McMenemy</a> – football manager (<a href="/wiki/Southampton_F.C." title="Southampton F.C.">Southampton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_national_football_team" title="Northern Ireland national football team">Northern Ireland</a>) and pundit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mein" title="Thomas Mein">Thomas Mein</a> – professional cyclist (<a href="/wiki/Canyon_DHB_p/b_Soreen" class="mw-redirect" title="Canyon DHB p/b Soreen">Canyon DHB p/b Soreen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stirling_Newall" title="Robert Stirling Newall">Robert Stirling Newall</a> – industrialist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Rakow" title="Bezalel Rakow">Bezalel Rakow</a> – communal rabbi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Rayner" title="John William Rayner">John William Rayner</a> – <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">flying ace</a> and war hero</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Renforth" title="James Renforth">James Renforth</a> – oarsman<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariam_Rezaei" title="Mariam Rezaei">Mariam Rezaei</a> – musician and artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Shakespeare" title="Tom Shakespeare">Sir Tom Shakespeare</a> - baronet, sociologist and disability rights campaigner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shield" title="William Shield">William Shield</a> – <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Queen%27s_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of the Queen's Music">Master of the King's Musick</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Stead" title="Christina Stead">Christina Stead</a> – <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Steel_(drummer)" title="John Steel (drummer)">John Steel</a> – drummer (<a href="/wiki/The_Animals" title="The Animals">The Animals</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Spencer_Stephenson" title="Henry Spencer Stephenson">Henry Spencer Stephenson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">chaplain</a> to <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">King George VI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Times,_London,_England_Obituary_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times,_London,_England_Obituary-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Stone_(footballer)" title="Steve Stone (footballer)">Steve Stone</a> – footballer (<a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Forest_F.C." title="Nottingham Forest F.C.">Nottingham Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C." title="Aston Villa F.C.">Aston Villa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_F.C." title="Portsmouth F.C.">Portsmouth</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Swailes" title="Chris Swailes">Chris Swailes</a> – footballer (<a href="/wiki/Ipswich_Town_F.C." title="Ipswich Town F.C.">Ipswich Town</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Swan" title="Joseph Swan">Sir Joseph Swan</a> – inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb" title="Incandescent light bulb">incandescent light bulb</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Trainor" title="Nicholas Trainor">Nicholas Trainor</a> – cricketer (<a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Gloucestershire County Cricket Club">Gloucestershire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Waddle" title="Chris Waddle">Chris Waddle</a> – footballer (<a href="/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C." title="Newcastle United F.C.">Newcastle United</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C." title="Tottenham Hotspur F.C.">Tottenham Hotspur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C." title="Sheffield Wednesday F.C.">Sheffield Wednesday</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wailes" title="William Wailes">William Wailes</a> – stained glass maker<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Wane" title="Taylor Wane">Taylor Wane</a> – adult entertainer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Spence_Watson" title="Robert Spence Watson">Robert Spence Watson</a> – public benefactor<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Waugh" title="Sylvia Waugh">Sylvia Waugh</a> – author of <i>The Mennyms</i> series for children<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Chris Wilkie – guitarist (<a href="/wiki/Dubstar" title="Dubstar">Dubstar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(conductor)" title="John Wilson (conductor)">John Wilson</a> - orchestral conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wilson_(footballer,_born_1947)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Wilson (footballer, born 1947)">Peter Wilson</a> – footballer (<a href="/wiki/Gateshead_F.C." title="Gateshead F.C.">Gateshead</a>, captain of <a href="/wiki/Australia_men%27s_national_soccer_team" title="Australia men's national soccer team">Australia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilson_(poet)" title="Thomas Wilson (poet)">Thomas Wilson</a> – poet/school founder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_(Australian_politician)" title="Robert Wood (Australian politician)">Robert Wood</a> – Australian politician</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_F.C." title="Gateshead F.C.">Gateshead F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Theatre_Gateshead" title="Little Theatre Gateshead">Little Theatre Gateshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quayside" title="Quayside">Quayside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Central_and_Whickham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Gateshead Central and Whickham (UK Parliament constituency)">Gateshead Central and Whickham (UK Parliament constituency)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ONS mid-year population estimates 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gBoroughHist1974-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gBoroughHist1974_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gBoroughHist1974_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gBoroughHist1974_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/f55bf2c6-3190-4ba0-b5cd-100c8c6e856f">"Gateshead County Borough"</a>. <i>nationalarchives.gov.uk</i>. Tyne and Wear Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161123133043/http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/f55bf2c6-3190-4ba0-b5cd-100c8c6e856f">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2016</span>. <q>In 1974, under the 1972 Local Government Act Gateshead County Borough merged with... to form Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council (see MD/GA).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalarchives.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Gateshead+County+Borough&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Frd%2Ff55bf2c6-3190-4ba0-b5cd-100c8c6e856f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E08000037">"Custom report - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics"</a>. <i>www.nomisweb.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nomisweb.co.uk&rft.atitle=Custom+report+-+Nomis+-+Official+Census+and+Labour+Market+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2021%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DE08000037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bethany Fox, <i>The P-Celtic Place-Names of North-East England and South-East Scotland</i>, The Heroic Age, 10 (2007), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/fox.html">"Fox—The P-Celtic Place-Names of North-East England and South-East Scotland"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20180111041001/http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/fox.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fox%E2%80%94The+P-Celtic+Place-Names+of+North-East+England+and+South-East+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heroicage.org%2Fissues%2F10%2Ffox.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span> (appendix at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/fox-appendix.html">"Fox—P-Celtic Place-Names—Appendix"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509072208/http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/fox-appendix.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fox%E2%80%94P-Celtic+Place-Names%E2%80%94Appendix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heroicage.org%2Fissues%2F10%2Ffox-appendix.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pnnd-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pnnd_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pnnd_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMawer1920" class="citation book cs1">Mawer, Allen (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924028042996"><i>The Place-names of Northumberland and Durham</i></a>. Cambridge: CUP Archive. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924028042996/page/n135">92</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Place-names+of+Northumberland+and+Durham&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Mawer&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924028042996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas; CP 40 / 677; National Archives; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT1/H6/CP40no677/aCP40no677fronts/IMG_0752.htm">"AALT Page"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518060628/http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT1/H6/CP40no677/aCP40no677fronts/IMG_0752.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AALT+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faalt.law.uh.edu%2FAALT1%2FH6%2FCP40no677%2FaCP40no677fronts%2FIMG_0752.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span>; last entry on the image, the home of William Philypson, a tanner.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-evening-chronicle/2008/12/17/first-shots-revealed-of-gateshead-s-future-72703-22497054/">"First shots revealed of Gateshead's future"</a>. <i>The Evening Chronicle</i>. 17 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220224337/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-evening-chronicle/2008/12/17/first-shots-revealed-of-gateshead-s-future-72703-22497054/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Chronicle&rft.atitle=First+shots+revealed+of+Gateshead%27s+future&rft.date=2008-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chroniclelive.co.uk%2Fnorth-east-news%2Ftodays-evening-chronicle%2F2008%2F12%2F17%2Ffirst-shots-revealed-of-gateshead-s-future-72703-22497054%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood,_Kerry2013" class="citation news cs1">Wood, Kerry (24 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/gatesheads-150m-trinity-square-officially-4010568">"Gateshead's £150m Trinity Square is officially opened"</a>. <i>nechronicle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717203010/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/gatesheads-150m-trinity-square-officially-4010568">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nechronicle&rft.atitle=Gateshead%27s+%C2%A3150m+Trinity+Square+is+officially+opened&rft.date=2013-05-24&rft.au=Wood%2C+Kerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chroniclelive.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnorth-east-news%2Fgatesheads-150m-trinity-square-officially-4010568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalfe,_Will2014" class="citation news cs1">Metcalfe, Will (1 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/carter-carpark-replacement-trinity-square-7696830">"Get Carter carpark replacement Trinity Square up for 'ugliest building' award"</a>. <i>nechronicle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903084533/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/carter-carpark-replacement-trinity-square-7696830">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nechronicle&rft.atitle=Get+Carter+carpark+replacement+Trinity+Square+up+for+%27ugliest+building%27+award&rft.date=2014-09-01&rft.au=Metcalfe%2C+Will&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chroniclelive.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnorth-east-news%2Fcarter-carpark-replacement-trinity-square-7696830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.bt.com/news/uknews/inept-tesco-complex-voted-uks-ugliest-building-11363930427660">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Inept' Tesco complex voted UK's ugliest building"</a>. <i>BT.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140904182225/http://home.bt.com/news/uknews/inept-tesco-complex-voted-uks-ugliest-building-11363930427660">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BT.com&rft.atitle=%27Inept%27+Tesco+complex+voted+UK%27s+ugliest+building&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.bt.com%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Finept-tesco-complex-voted-uks-ugliest-building-11363930427660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaghyLaidler2012" class="citation book cs1">Donaghy, Peter; Laidler, John (2012). <i>Discovering NewcastleGateshead</i>. Sigma Leisure. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85058-913-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85058-913-6"><bdi>978-1-85058-913-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+NewcastleGateshead&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Sigma+Leisure&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-85058-913-6&rft.aulast=Donaghy&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Laidler%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicartonline.org.uk/resources/reports/documents/AngelSymposiumMap.pdf">"Layout 1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227012428/http://www.publicartonline.org.uk/resources/reports/documents/AngelSymposiumMap.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Layout+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicartonline.org.uk%2Fresources%2Freports%2Fdocuments%2FAngelSymposiumMap.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120606201327/http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/Leisure%20and%20Culture/countryside/sites/windynook.aspx">"Windy Nook Nature Park Local Nature Reserve"</a>. Gateshead.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/Leisure%20and%20Culture/countryside/sites/windynook.aspx">the original</a> on 6 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Windy+Nook+Nature+Park+Local+Nature+Reserve&rft.pub=Gateshead.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gateshead.gov.uk%2FLeisure%2520and%2520Culture%2Fcountryside%2Fsites%2Fwindynook.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citypopulation.de-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation.de_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation.de_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">These are the boundaries of the town of Gateshead (2011 methodology) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-northeastengland.php?cityid=E35001222">"North East England (United Kingdom): Counties and Unitary Districts & Settlements - Population Statistics, Charts and Map"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223064148/http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-northeastengland.php?cityid=E35001222">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+East+England+%28United+Kingdom%29%3A+Counties+and+Unitary+Districts+%26+Settlements+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts+and+Map&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fphp%2Fuk-england-northeastengland.php%3Fcityid%3DE35001222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130712075342/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=591108&cityname=Gateshead,+England,+United+Kingdom&units=">"Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=591108&cityname=Gateshead%2C+England%2C+United+Kingdom&units=">the original</a> on 12 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=Travel+Weather+Averages+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D591108%26cityname%3DGateshead%252C%2BEngland%252C%2BUnited%2BKingdom%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weatherbase-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weatherbase_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (June 2015)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130712075343/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=591108&cityname=Gateshead-England">"Weatherbase.com"</a>. Weatherbase. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=591108&cityname=Gateshead-England">the original</a> on 12 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cycle-routes.org/cycle-gateshead/routes/utility/durham-road.html">the original</a> on 29 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newcastlegateshead.com&rft.atitle=St.+Mary%27s+Heritage+Centre+-+Heritage+%2F+Visitor+Centre+in+Gateshead%2C+Gateshead+-+NewcastleGateshead&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newcastlegateshead.com%2Fthings-to-do%2Fst-marys-heritage-centre-p331141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.picturesofgateshead.co.uk/gateshead_churches_anglican/index.html">"Gateshead Churches - Anglican"</a>. <i>picturesofgateshead.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205630/http://www.picturesofgateshead.co.uk/gateshead_churches_anglican/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=picturesofgateshead.co.uk&rft.atitle=Gateshead+Churches+-+Anglican&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.picturesofgateshead.co.uk%2Fgateshead_churches_anglican%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gatesheadchurches.org.uk/">"gatesheadchurches.org.uk"</a>. gatesheadchurches.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213190149/http://www.gatesheadchurches.org.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=gatesheadchurches.org.uk&rft.pub=gatesheadchurches.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatesheadchurches.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quest-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-quest_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/newspaper/1G1-391066466/famous-old-tyneside-community-set-for-a-new-look-again">"Famous Old Tyneside Community Set for a New Look.Again"</a>. <i>Evening Chronicle</i>. Newcastle, England. 22 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625211031/https://www.questia.com/newspaper/1G1-391066466/famous-old-tyneside-community-set-for-a-new-look-again">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evening+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Famous+Old+Tyneside+Community+Set+for+a+New+Look.Again&rft.date=2014-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fnewspaper%2F1G1-391066466%2Ffamous-old-tyneside-community-set-for-a-new-look-again&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2018" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Bruce (8 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=taKCvHPZHZ8C&q=%22gateshead+yeshiva%22&pg=PA131"><i>Language Politics and Language Survival: Yiddish Among the Haredim in Post-war Britain</i></a>. Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789042917842" title="Special:BookSources/9789042917842"><bdi>9789042917842</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508162855/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=taKCvHPZHZ8C&pg=PA131&dq=%22gateshead+yeshiva%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BSouVaHYJoLwauO5gYAH&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22gateshead+yeshiva%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Politics+and+Language+Survival%3A+Yiddish+Among+the+Haredim+in+Post-war+Britain&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=2018-05-08&rft.isbn=9789042917842&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtaKCvHPZHZ8C%26q%3D%2522gateshead%2Byeshiva%2522%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220142330/http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/People%20and%20Living/twinning/komatsu.aspx">"Komatsu City"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/People%20and%20Living/twinning/komatsu.aspx">the original</a> on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Komatsu+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gateshead.gov.uk%2FPeople%2520and%2520Living%2Ftwinning%2Fkomatsu.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLean,_Gareth2002" class="citation news cs1">McLean, Gareth (9 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/aug/09/broadcasting.proms2002">"The voice of Big Brother"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709220610/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/aug/09/broadcasting.proms2002">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+voice+of+Big+Brother&rft.date=2002-08-09&rft.au=McLean%2C+Gareth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2002%2Faug%2F09%2Fbroadcasting.proms2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140724100947/http://www.salvationarmy.org.uk/uki/William-Booth-IHC">"International Heritage Centre"</a>. <i>salvationarmy.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salvationarmy.org.uk/uki/William-Booth-IHC">the original</a> on 24 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=salvationarmy.org.uk&rft.atitle=International+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salvationarmy.org.uk%2Fuki%2FWilliam-Booth-IHC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://twsitelines.info/SMR/5180">"Newcastle, Westgate Road, Statue of Joseph Cowen | sitelines.newcastle.gov.uk"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508162851/http://twsitelines.info/SMR/5180">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newcastle%2C+Westgate+Road%2C+Statue+of+Joseph+Cowen+%26%23124%3B+sitelines.newcastle.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftwsitelines.info%2FSMR%2F5180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726005053/http://www.bpears.org.uk/Misc/Gateshead_Plaques/">"Commemorative Plaques in Gateshead Borough"</a>. <i>bpears.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpears.org.uk/Misc/Gateshead_Plaques/">the original</a> on 26 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bpears.org.uk&rft.atitle=Commemorative+Plaques+in+Gateshead+Borough&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bpears.org.uk%2FMisc%2FGateshead_Plaques%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sundayforsammy.org/sammy-johnson">"Sunday for Sammy - Sammy Johnson"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunday+for+Sammy+-+Sammy+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsundayforsammy.org%2Fsammy-johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlater2001" class="citation web cs1">Plater, Alan (17 May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/may/17/guardianobituaries1">"Obituary: Alex Glasgow"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709203821/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/may/17/guardianobituaries1">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Alex+Glasgow&rft.date=2001-05-17&rft.aulast=Plater&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2001%2Fmay%2F17%2Fguardianobituaries1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/8843248/Why-do-they-keep-trotting-out-this-Looney-idea-about-Shakespeare.html">"Why do they keep trotting out this Looney idea about Shakespeare?"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. 22 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527053044/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/8843248/Why-do-they-keep-trotting-out-this-Looney-idea-about-Shakespeare.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Why+do+they+keep+trotting+out+this+Looney+idea+about+Shakespeare%3F&rft.date=2011-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftheatre%2F8843248%2FWhy-do-they-keep-trotting-out-this-Looney-idea-about-Shakespeare.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180909184921/https://www.pmsa.org.uk/pmsa-database/9982/">"PMSA"</a>. 9 September 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmsa.org.uk/pmsa-database/9982/">the original</a> on 9 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PMSA&rft.date=2018-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmsa.org.uk%2Fpmsa-database%2F9982%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuff" class="citation web cs1">Stuff, Good. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116084435/http://www.blueplaqueplaces.co.uk/william-shield-blue-plaque-in-gateshead-7827">"William Shield blue plaque in Gateshead"</a>. <i>www.blueplaqueplaces.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blueplaqueplaces.co.uk/william-shield-blue-plaque-in-gateshead-7827">the original</a> on 16 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.blueplaqueplaces.co.uk&rft.atitle=William+Shield+blue+plaque+in+Gateshead&rft.aulast=Stuff&rft.aufirst=Good&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueplaqueplaces.co.uk%2Fwilliam-shield-blue-plaque-in-gateshead-7827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earlyblues.com/Interview%20-%20John%20Steel.htm">"Interview - John Steel (Animals and Friends)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+-+John+Steel+%28Animals+and+Friends%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlyblues.com%2FInterview%2520-%2520John%2520Steel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times,_London,_England_Obituary-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Times,_London,_England_Obituary_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Canon H. S. Stephenson (Death)". The Times Newspaper, London, England. 6 June 1957.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canon+H.+S.+Stephenson+%28Death%29&rft.date=1957-06-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014073600/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/energy/background/">"Background; Sir Joseph Swan Centre for Energy Research; Newcastle University"</a>. <i>ncl.ac.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncl.ac.uk/energy/background/">the original</a> on 14 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ncl.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Background%3B+Sir+Joseph+Swan+Centre+for+Energy+Research%3B+Newcastle+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncl.ac.uk%2Fenergy%2Fbackground%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150530002705/https://www.gateshead.gov.uk/Leisure%20and%20Culture/parks/Saltwell%20Park/History.aspx">"History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gateshead.gov.uk/Leisure%20and%20Culture/parks/Saltwell%20Park/History.aspx">the original</a> on 30 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gateshead.gov.uk%2FLeisure%2520and%2520Culture%2Fparks%2FSaltwell%2520Park%2FHistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Robert_Spence_Watson">"Robert Spence Watson - Graces Guide"</a>. <i>www.gracesguide.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gracesguide.co.uk&rft.atitle=Robert+Spence+Watson+-+Graces+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gracesguide.co.uk%2FRobert_Spence_Watson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116095227/https://www.penguin.co.uk/puffin/authors/sylvia-waugh/1008542/">"Sylvia Waugh"</a>. <i>www.penguin.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguin.co.uk/puffin/authors/sylvia-waugh/1008542/">the original</a> on 16 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.penguin.co.uk&rft.atitle=Sylvia+Waugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguin.co.uk%2Fpuffin%2Fauthors%2Fsylvia-waugh%2F1008542%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGateshead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gateshead" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gateshead">Gateshead</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="external text" href="https://www.newcastlegateshead.com/">Visit NewcastleGateshead</a> Official Tourism website for Gateshead</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meetnewcastlegateshead.com/">Convention Bureau website for Gateshead</a></li> <li>Friends of Red Kites – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://friendsofredkites.org.uk/">Details about the reintroduced kites in the Derwent Valley, Gateshead</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100330052122/http://www.saltwellpark.co.uk/">Saltwell Park Community Portal Gateshead</a> News and events from Saltwell Park</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_in_Tyne_and_Wear" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Places_in_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Template:Places in Tyne and Wear"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Places_in_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Template talk:Places in Tyne and Wear"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Places_in_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Places in Tyne and Wear"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_in_Tyne_and_Wear" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places in <a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Gateshead" title="Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead">Metropolitan <br />Borough of <br />Gateshead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gateshead</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bensham" title="Bensham">Bensham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Quay" title="Bill Quay">Bill Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birtley,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Birtley, Tyne and Wear">Birtley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaydon" title="Blaydon">Blaydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carr_Hill" title="Carr Hill">Carr Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopwell" title="Chopwell">Chopwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowdene" title="Chowdene">Chowdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deckham" title="Deckham">Deckham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunston,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Dunston, Tyne and Wear">Dunston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felling,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Felling, Tyne and Wear">Felling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibblesworth" title="Kibblesworth">Kibblesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamesley" title="Lamesley">Lamesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leam_Lane_Estate" title="Leam Lane Estate">Leam Lane Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Fell" title="Low Fell">Low Fell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marley_Hill" title="Marley Hill">Marley Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelaw" title="Pelaw">Pelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlands_Gill" title="Rowlands Gill">Rowlands Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryton,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Ryton, Tyne and Wear">Ryton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenside,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Greenside, Tyne and Wear">Greenside</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltwell,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Saltwell, Tyne and Wear">Saltwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff_Hill" title="Sheriff Hill">Sheriff Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Valley" title="Team Valley">Team Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardley,_Gateshead" title="Wardley, Gateshead">Wardley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whickham" title="Whickham">Whickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windy_Nook" title="Windy Nook">Windy Nook</a></li> <li>Whitehills Estate</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Newcastle upon Tyne">City of <br />Newcastle <br />upon Tyne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gosforth" title="Gosforth">Gosforth</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur%27s_Hill" title="Arthur's Hill">Arthurs Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battlefield,_Newcastle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battlefield, Newcastle (page does not exist)">Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benwell_and_Scotswood" title="Benwell and Scotswood">Benwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Callerton" title="Black Callerton">Black Callerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blakelaw" title="Blakelaw">Blakelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blucher,_Newcastle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blucher, Newcastle (page does not exist)">Blucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenkley" title="Brenkley">Brenkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Village" title="Brunswick Village">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byker" title="Byker">Byker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_House_Estate" title="Chapel House Estate">Chapel House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne_City_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle upon Tyne City Centre">City Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochrane_Park" title="Cochrane Park">Cochrane Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowgate,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Cowgate, Newcastle upon Tyne">Cowgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxlodge" title="Coxlodge">Coxlodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dene,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Dene, Newcastle upon Tyne">Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Denton, Newcastle upon Tyne">Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton_Burn" title="Denton Burn">Denton Burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinnington,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Dinnington, Tyne and Wear">Dinnington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Denton" title="East Denton">East Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elswick,_Tyne_and_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="Elswick, Tyne and Wear">Elswick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairways,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fairways, Newcastle upon Tyne (page does not exist)">Fairways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fawdon" title="Fawdon">Fawdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenham" title="Fenham">Fenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Great_Park" title="Newcastle Great Park">Great Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket,_Newcastle" title="Haymarket, Newcastle">Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazlerigg" title="Hazlerigg">Hazlerigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaton,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne">Heaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaton,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne">High Heaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesmond" title="Jesmond">Jesmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenton,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Kenton, Newcastle upon Tyne">Kenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_Park" title="Kingston Park">Kingston Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemington" title="Lemington">Lemington</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manors,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manors, Newcastle upon Tyne (page does not exist)">Manors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburn" title="Newburn">Newburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kenton" title="North Kenton">North Kenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouseburn" title="Ouseburn">Ouseburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parklands,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Parklands, Newcastle upon Tyne">Parklands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandyford,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Sandyford, Newcastle upon Tyne">Sandyford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benwell_and_Scotswood" title="Benwell and Scotswood">Scotswood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shieldfield" title="Shieldfield">Shieldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slatyford" title="Slatyford">Slatyford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosforth" title="Gosforth">South Gosforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spital_Tongues" title="Spital Tongues">Spital Tongues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throckley" title="Throckley">Throckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbottle" title="Walbottle">Walbottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkergate" title="Walkergate">Walkergate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walkerville,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walkerville, Newcastle upon Tyne (page does not exist)">Walkerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Denton, Newcastle upon Tyne">West Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesmond" title="Jesmond">West Jesmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westerhope" title="Westerhope">Westerhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westgate,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Westgate, Newcastle upon Tyne">Westgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingrove,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Wingrove, Newcastle upon Tyne">Wingrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolsington" title="Woolsington">Woolsington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_North_Tyneside" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Borough of North Tyneside">Metropolitan <br />Borough of <br />North Tyneside</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Shields" title="North Shields">North Shields</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wallsend" title="Wallsend">Wallsend</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Whitley_Bay" title="Whitley Bay">Whitley Bay</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backworth" title="Backworth">Backworth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beaumont_Park,_Tyne_and_Wear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beaumont Park, Tyne and Wear (page does not exist)">Beaumont Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Benton, Tyne and Wear">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burradon,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Burradon, Tyne and Wear">Burradon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullercoats" title="Cullercoats">Cullercoats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earsdon" title="Earsdon">Earsdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Hall" title="Forest Hall">Forest Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howdon" title="Howdon">Howdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killingworth" title="Killingworth">Killingworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longbenton" title="Longbenton">Longbenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkseaton" title="Monkseaton">Monkseaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murton,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Murton, Tyne and Wear">Murton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="New York, Tyne and Wear">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_Park,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Northumberland Park, Tyne and Wear">Northumberland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Preston, Tyne and Wear">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaton_Burn" title="Seaton Burn">Seaton Burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiremoor" title="Shiremoor">Shiremoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Island,_Tyne_and_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mary's Island, Tyne and Wear">St Mary's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynemouth" title="Tynemouth">Tynemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellfield" title="Wellfield">Wellfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley_Lodge" title="Whitley Lodge">Whitley Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wideopen" title="Wideopen">Wideopen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willington_Quay" title="Willington Quay">Willington Quay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_South_Tyneside" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Borough of South Tyneside">Metropolitan <br />Borough of <br />South Tyneside</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hebburn" title="Hebburn">Hebburn</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jarrow" title="Jarrow">Jarrow</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Shields" title="South Shields">South Shields</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Boldons" title="The Boldons">The Boldons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brockley_Whins" title="Brockley Whins">Brockley Whins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleadon" title="Cleadon">Cleadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harton,_South_Shields" title="Harton, South Shields">Harton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsden,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Marsden, Tyne and Wear">Marsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkton,_Tyne_and_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="Monkton, Tyne and Wear">Monkton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyne_Dock" title="Tyne Dock">Tyne Dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Harton" title="West Harton">West Harton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westoe,_South_Tyneside" class="mw-redirect" title="Westoe, South Tyneside">Westoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitburn,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Whitburn, Tyne and Wear">Whitburn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">City of <br />Sunderland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hetton-le-Hole" title="Hetton-le-Hole">Hetton-le-Hole</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Houghton-le-Spring" title="Houghton-le-Spring">Houghton-le-Spring</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sunderland" title="Sunderland">Sunderland</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Washington,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Washington, Tyne and Wear">Washington</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashbrooke" title="Ashbrooke">Ashbrooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes,_Sunderland" title="Barnes, Sunderland">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopwearmouth" title="Bishopwearmouth">Bishopwearmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdon" title="Burdon">Burdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carley_Hill" title="Carley Hill">Carley Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castletown,_Sunderland" title="Castletown, Sunderland">Castletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilton_Moor" title="Chilton Moor">Chilton Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claxheugh" title="Claxheugh">Claxheugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox_Green,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Cox Green, Tyne and Wear">Cox Green</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Downhill,_Sunderland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Downhill, Sunderland (page does not exist)">Downhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxford_Park" title="Doxford Park">Doxford Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easington_Lane" title="Easington Lane">Easington Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Rainton" title="East Rainton">East Rainton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elstob_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elstob Farm (page does not exist)">Elstob Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farringdon,_Sunderland" title="Farringdon, Sunderland">Farringdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatfield" title="Fatfield">Fatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fence_Houses" title="Fence Houses">Fence Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Estate" title="Ford Estate">Ford Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulwell,_Sunderland" title="Fulwell, Sunderland">Fulwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilley_Law" title="Gilley Law">Gilley Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grangetown,_Sunderland" title="Grangetown, Sunderland">Grangetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grindon,_Sunderland" title="Grindon, Sunderland">Grindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harraton" title="Harraton">Harraton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Hill" title="Hastings Hill">Hastings Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendon,_Sunderland" title="Hendon, Sunderland">Hendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrington" title="Herrington">Herrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Moorsley" title="High Moorsley">High Moorsley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hill_View,_Sunderland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hill View, Sunderland (page does not exist)">Hill View</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollycarrside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollycarrside (page does not exist)">Hollycarrside</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humbledon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humbledon (page does not exist)">Humbledon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hylton_Castle_(suburb)" title="Hylton Castle (suburb)">Hylton Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leechmere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leechmere (page does not exist)">Leechmere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marley_Pots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marley Pots (page does not exist)">Marley Pots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Rainton" title="Middle Rainton">Middle Rainton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millfield,_Sunderland" class="mw-redirect" title="Millfield, Sunderland">Millfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkwearmouth" title="Monkwearmouth">Monkwearmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbottle,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Newbottle, Tyne and Wear">Newbottle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Haven,_Sunderland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Haven, Sunderland (page does not exist)">North Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hylton" title="North Hylton">North Hylton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallion" title="Pallion">Pallion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennywell" title="Pennywell">Pennywell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penshaw" title="Penshaw">Penshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Philadelphia, Tyne and Wear">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Farm" title="Plains Farm">Plains Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickleton" title="Rickleton">Rickleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redhouse,_Sunderland" class="mw-redirect" title="Redhouse, Sunderland">Redhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roker" title="Roker">Roker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryhope" title="Ryhope">Ryhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaburn" title="Seaburn">Seaburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaburn_Dene" title="Seaburn Dene">Seaburn Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiney_Row" title="Shiney Row">Shiney Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silksworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Silksworth">Silksworth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Bents&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Bents (page does not exist)">South Bents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Hylton" title="South Hylton">South Hylton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwick,_Sunderland" title="Southwick, Sunderland">Southwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springwell,_Sunderland" title="Springwell, Sunderland">Springwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springwell_Village" title="Springwell Village">Springwell Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunderland_City_Centre" title="Sunderland City Centre">Sunderland City Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunderland_Docks" title="Sunderland Docks">Sunderland Docks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunniside,_Sunderland" title="Sunniside, Sunderland">Sunniside</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Town_End_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Town End Farm (page does not exist)">Town End Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorney_Close" title="Thorney Close">Thorney Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunstall,_Sunderland" title="Tunstall, Sunderland">Tunstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warden_Law" title="Warden Law">Warden Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witherwack" title="Witherwack">Witherwack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Tyne_and_Wear&#124;link=Tyne_and_Wear_Ceremonial_county_of_Tyne_and_Wear" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tyne_and_Wear" title="Template:Tyne and Wear"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tyne_and_Wear" title="Template talk:Tyne and Wear"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tyne_and_Wear" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tyne and Wear"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Tyne_and_Wear&#124;link=Tyne_and_Wear_Ceremonial_county_of_Tyne_and_Wear" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear"><img alt="Tyne and Wear" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/County_Flag_of_Tyne_%26_Wear.png/23px-County_Flag_of_Tyne_%26_Wear.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/County_Flag_of_Tyne_%26_Wear.png/35px-County_Flag_of_Tyne_%26_Wear.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/County_Flag_of_Tyne_%26_Wear.png/46px-County_Flag_of_Tyne_%26_Wear.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span> <span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_East_England" title="Portal:North East England">North East England Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">City of Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">City of Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Gateshead" title="Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead">Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tyneside" title="North Tyneside">Metropolitan Borough of North Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside" title="South Tyneside">Metropolitan Borough of South Tyneside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birtley,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Birtley, Tyne and Wear">Birtley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaydon" title="Blaydon">Blaydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boldons" title="The Boldons">Boldon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gateshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosforth" title="Gosforth">Gosforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebburn" title="Hebburn">Hebburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetton-le-Hole" title="Hetton-le-Hole">Hetton-le-Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton-le-Spring" title="Houghton-le-Spring">Houghton-le-Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarrow" title="Jarrow">Jarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killingworth" title="Killingworth">Killingworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longbenton" title="Longbenton">Longbenton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shields" title="North Shields">North Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryton,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Ryton, Tyne and Wear">Ryton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Shields" title="South Shields">South Shields</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunderland" title="Sunderland">Sunderland</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynemouth" title="Tynemouth">Tynemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallsend" title="Wallsend">Wallsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_Tyne_%26_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, Tyne & Wear">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whickham" title="Whickham">Whickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley_Bay" title="Whitley Bay">Whitley Bay</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Tyne_and_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in Tyne and Wear">List of civil parishes in Tyne and Wear</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Tyne_and_Wear" title="List of museums in Tyne and Wear">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Tyne_and_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Tyne and Wear">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Tyne_and_Wear" title="List of people from Tyne and Wear">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Tyne_and_Wear" title="List of places in Tyne and Wear">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tyne_and_Wear_settlements_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tyne and Wear settlements by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Tyne_and_Wear" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Tyne and Wear">SSSIs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216372#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216372#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216372#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159415669">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtH3RCBKkvvwyCXcqdqQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4238057-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50051191">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gateshead (Anglie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge579661&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557384405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/c0041908-6e03-4349-a4d4-27ace2d35dc1">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&oldid=1246404557">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&oldid=1246404557</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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