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id="toc-Concept_de_société_défini_par_les_sociologues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concept_de_société_défini_par_les_sociologues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Concept de société défini par les sociologues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concept_de_société_défini_par_les_sociologues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation_de_la_société" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation_de_la_société"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organisation de la société</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisation_de_la_société-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vision_dépassée_d'une_évolution_progressiste_des_sociétés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vision_dépassée_d'une_évolution_progressiste_des_sociétés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vision dépassée d'une évolution progressiste des sociétés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vision_dépassée_d'une_évolution_progressiste_des_sociétés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aspects_ontologiques_marxistes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspects_ontologiques_marxistes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aspects ontologiques marxistes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aspects_ontologiques_marxistes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sociétés_mondiales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sociétés_mondiales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sociétés mondiales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sociétés_mondiales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variété_d'usages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variété_d'usages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Variété d'usages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variété_d'usages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Société (sciences sociales)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 166 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-166" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">166 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeenskap" title="Gemeenskap – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gemeenskap" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_(Soziologie)" title="Gesellschaft (Soziologie) – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gesellschaft (Soziologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%85%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%B0%E1%89%A5" title="ኅብረተሰብ – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኅብረተሰብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedat" title="Sociedat – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sociedat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9" title="مجتمع – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجتمع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%A2%DC%AB%DC%90" title="ܟܢܫܐ – araméen" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܢܫܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="araméen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="সমাজ – assamais" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সমাজ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socied%C3%A1" title="Sociedá – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sociedá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99miyy%C9%99t" title="Cəmiyyət – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cəmiyyət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%87" title="جامیعه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جامیعه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D0%BC%D2%93%D0%B8%D3%99%D1%82" title="Йәмғиәт – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йәмғиәт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%97suomen%C4%97" title="Vėsuomenė – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vėsuomenė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyedad" title="Sosyedad – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sosyedad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грамадства – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грамадства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грамадзтва – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грамадзтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masarakat" title="Masarakat – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Masarakat" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Общество – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Общество" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="समाज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="समाज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masarakat" title="Masarakat – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Masarakat" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="সমাজ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সমাজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevredigezh" title="Kevredigezh – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kevredigezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Društvo – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Društvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat" title="Masyarakat – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Masyarakat" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Ниигэм – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ниигэм" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societat" title="Societat – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Societat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A2-hu%C3%B4i" title="Siâ-huôi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siâ-huôi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Йукъаралла – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йукъаралла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katilingban" title="Katilingban – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Katilingban" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="کۆمەڵگا – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمەڵگا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spole%C4%8Dnost" title="Společnost – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Společnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85" title="Пĕрлĕх – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пĕрлĕх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymdeithas" title="Cymdeithas – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cymdeithas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfund" title="Samfund – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Samfund" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_(Soziologie)" title="Gesellschaft (Soziologie) – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gesellschaft (Soziologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κοινωνία – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινωνία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society" title="Society – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Society" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socio" title="Socio – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Socio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad" title="Sociedad – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sociedad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Chiskond" title="Ühiskond – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ühiskond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gizarte" title="Gizarte – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gizarte" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socied%C3%A1" title="Sociedá – estrémègne" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sociedá" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estrémègne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87" title="جامعه – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جامعه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhteiskunta" title="Yhteiskunta – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhteiskunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ctiskund" title="Ütiskund – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ütiskund" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veivukei" title="Veivukei – fidjien" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Veivukei" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A8t%C3%A2t" title="Sociètât – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Sociètât" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selskap" title="Selskap – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Selskap" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maatskippij" title="Maatskippij – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Maatskippij" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socha%C3%AD" title="Sochaí – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sochaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosy%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(syans_sosyal)" title="Sosyété (syans sosyal) – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Sosyété (syans sosyal)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedade" title="Sociedade – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sociedade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C5%A9joa" title="Irũjoa – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Irũjoa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C" title="સમાજ – goudjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સમાજ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="goudjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BA%B9do" title="Lẹdo – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Lẹdo" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa-fi" title="Sa-fi – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sa-fi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulikanaka" title="Hulikanaka – hawaïen" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Hulikanaka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="חברה (סוציולוגיה) – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חברה (סוציולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="समाज – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समाज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaj" title="Samaj – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Samaj" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Društvo – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Društvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyete" title="Sosyete – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sosyete" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1rsadalom" title="Társadalom – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Társadalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հասարակություն – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հասարակություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societate" title="Societate – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Societate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat" title="Masyarakat – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Masyarakat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%AEgb%C3%A0" title="Ȯgbà – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ȯgbà" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagimongan" title="Kagimongan – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kagimongan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Юкъарле – ingouche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Юкъарле" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingouche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socio" title="Socio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Socio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0f%C3%A9lag" title="Þjóðfélag – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þjóðfélag" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_(sociologia)" title="Società (sociologia) – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Società (sociologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="社会 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="社会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasayati" title="Sasayati – créole jamaïcain" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Sasayati" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="créole jamaïcain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/remce%27u" title="remce'u – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="remce'u" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebrayan" title="Bebrayan – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bebrayan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="საზოგადოება – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საზოგადოება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Қоғам – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қоғам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98" title="សង្គម – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សង្គម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C" title="ಸಮಾಜ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಮಾಜ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C" title="사회 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Джамагъат – karatchaï balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джамагъат" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatchaï balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="سَماج – cachemiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سَماج" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cachemiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civak" title="Civak – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Civak" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowethas" title="Kowethas – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kowethas" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Коом – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Коом" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societas_humana" title="Societas humana – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Societas humana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9AI%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82I%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="КIватIал – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="КIватIал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosia" title="Sosia – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sosia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maotsjappie" title="Maotsjappie – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Maotsjappie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soziet%C3%A0" title="Sozietà – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Sozietà" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societ%C3%A0" title="Società – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Società" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ສັງຄົມ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສັງຄົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visuomen%C4%97" title="Visuomenė – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Visuomenė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabiedr%C4%ABba" title="Sabiedrība – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sabiedrība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiarahamonina" title="Fiarahamonina – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiarahamonina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мер – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мер" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Општество – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Општество" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="സമൂഹം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സമൂഹം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Нийгэм – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нийгэм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B6%E1%80%99%E1%81%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA" title="ဂကောံမၞိဟ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဂကောံမၞိဟ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat" title="Masyarakat – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Masyarakat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociadade" title="Sociadade – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sociadade" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ломаютко – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ломаютко" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sellschop" title="Sellschop – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sellschop" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="समाज – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="समाज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maatschappij_(sociale_wetenschappen)" title="Maatschappij (sociale wetenschappen) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maatschappij (sociale wetenschappen)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfunn" title="Samfunn – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Samfunn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfunn" title="Samfunn – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Samfunn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societat" title="Societat – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Societat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhteiskundu" title="Yhteiskundu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Yhteiskundu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਸਮਾਜ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਮਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad" title="Sociedad – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Sociedad" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spo%C5%82ecze%C5%84stwo" title="Społeczeństwo – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Społeczeństwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societ%C3%A0" title="Società – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Società" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="سماج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سماج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87" title="ټولنه – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټولنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedade" title="Sociedade – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sociedade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waki" title="Waki – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Waki" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societate_(sociologie)" title="Societate (sociologie) – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Societate (sociologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Общество – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Общество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сполоченство – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сполоченство" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Дьон-сэргэ – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьон-сэргэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B6%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucitati" title="Sucitati – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sucitati" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society" title="Society – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Society" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="سماج – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سماج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servodat" title="Servodat – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Servodat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Društvo – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Društvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamtti" title="Tamtti – chleuh" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tamtti" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="chleuh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA" title="සමාජය – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සමාජය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society" title="Society – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Society" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spolo%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5_(sociol%C3%B3gia)" title="Spoločnosť (sociológia) – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Spoločnosť (sociológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%BEba" title="Družba – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Družba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chita" title="Chita – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chita" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoq%C3%ABria" title="Shoqëria – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shoqëria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Друштво – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Друштво" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samh%C3%A4lle_(sociologi)" title="Samhälle (sociologi) – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Samhälle (sociologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii" title="Jamii – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jamii" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சமூகம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சமூகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%96%E1%A5%A8%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%9D%E1%A5%A8%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%A8%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%B0" title="ᥖᥨᥒᥱ ᥝᥨᥒᥰ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥖᥨᥒᥱ ᥝᥨᥒᥰ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="సమాజం – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సమాజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8A%D0%B0" title="Ҷомеъа – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷомеъа" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="สังคม – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สังคม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipunan" title="Lipunan – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lipunan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C9%99mj%C9%99t" title="Čəmjət – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Čəmjət" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplum" title="Toplum – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Toplum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhlangano_wa_vanhu" title="Nhlangano wa vanhu – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Nhlangano wa vanhu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Җәмгыять – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җәмгыять" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ниитилел – touvain" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ниитилел" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="touvain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Суспільство – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суспільство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="سماج – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سماج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamiyat" title="Jamiyat – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jamiyat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soset%C3%A0" title="Sosetà – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sosetà" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kund" title="Kund – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i" title="Xã hội – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xã hội" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katiringban" title="Katiringban – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Katiringban" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="社會 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="社會" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intlalo" title="Intlalo – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Intlalo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90" title="ჯარალუა – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯარალუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98_(%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2)" title="געזעלשאפט (סאציאלאגיע) – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געזעלשאפט (סאציאלאגיע)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%C3%B9j%E1%BB%8D" title="Àwùjọ – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwùjọ" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevei" title="Sevei – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sevei" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="社会 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="社会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%BE%A4" title="民群 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="民群" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C4%81-h%C5%8De" title="Siā-hōe – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siā-hōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="社會 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="社會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8425#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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</ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a 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metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="Société">Société</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%281%29.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%281%29.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%281%29.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>Image montrant les premières sociétés durant les premières ères humaines.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le terme <b>société</b>, en <a href="/wiki/Sciences_sociales" title="Sciences sociales">sciences sociales</a>, désigne un ensemble de <a href="/wiki/Individu#Sociologie" title="Individu">personnes</a> qui partagent des <a href="/wiki/Norme_sociale" title="Norme sociale">normes</a>, des <a href="/wiki/Comportement" title="Comportement">comportements</a> et une <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>, et qui <a href="/wiki/Interaction_(sciences_sociales)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interaction (sciences sociales)">interagissent</a> en coopération pour former des <a href="/wiki/Groupe_social" title="Groupe social">groupes sociaux</a> ou une <a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9" title="Communauté">communauté</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origine_et_transformations">Origine et transformations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Origine et transformations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Origine et transformations"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le terme a été introduit analytiquement, à travers ses écrits, par le sociologue <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_T%C3%B6nnies" title="Ferdinand Tönnies">Ferdinand Tönnies</a> en <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a> dans son ouvrage <i>Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft</i> (traduit en français sous le titre <i>Communauté et société</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Tönnies caractérise la notion de <a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9" title="Communauté">communauté</a> par une confiance mutuelle, un lien émotionnel et une homogénéité. La communauté se distingue de la société en ce que les acteurs de cette dernière ont des objectifs nettement plus individuels. Cela conduit à un lien plus lâche des individus envers la société. « Communauté » et « société » sont pour Tönnies les <a href="/w/index.php?title=Objet_d%27analyse_sociologique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objet d'analyse sociologique (page inexistante)">objets de la sociologie</a>. </p><p>La société est le résultat des tensions et des frictions, inter-relationnelles et interactionnelles, qui proviennent : </p> <ul><li>des moyens que prennent les citoyens et/ou des groupes de citoyens, pour répondre à leurs besoins, se développer et s'intégrer à la collectivité, qui sont partiellement ou totalement incompatibles avec les besoins d’un ou de plusieurs autres citoyens, qu’ils soient en groupe ou non, vivant au sein de cette collectivité ;</li> <li>de l'implémentation des différents processus de gestion au sein de cette collectivité, mises en place pour gérer les interrelations entre ses citoyens, ou groupe de citoyens, ainsi que leurs interactions avec les ressources sociétales pour justement gérer les tensions et les frictions qui apparaissent lorsque les besoins des citoyens, ou groupes de citoyens, sont partiellement ou totalement incompatibles.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept_de_société_défini_par_les_sociologues"><span id="Concept_de_soci.C3.A9t.C3.A9_d.C3.A9fini_par_les_sociologues"></span>Concept de société défini par les sociologues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Concept de société défini par les sociologues" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Concept de société défini par les sociologues"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Concept_(philosophie)" title="Concept (philosophie)">concept</a> de société n'est pas l'objet d'analyse principal chez tous les sociologues. Il est par ailleurs remis en question chez certains sociologues en ayant fait leur objet central. </p> <dl><dt>Chez Durkheim</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Émile Durkheim</a> distingue deux types de sociétés : </p> <table class="wikitable centre" style="font-size:95%;" width="70%"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_traditionnelle" title="Société traditionnelle">Société traditionnelle</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_industrielle" title="Société industrielle">Société moderne</a> (ou industrielle) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solidarit%C3%A9_m%C3%A9canique" title="Solidarité mécanique">Solidarité mécanique</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solidarit%C3%A9_organique" title="Solidarité organique">Solidarité organique</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:var(--couleur-fond-gris-alternance, #eeeeee);color:inherit;"> <td>Les membres de la société sont peu spécialisés et peu différentiables par leurs fonctions </td> <td>Les membres de la société sont spécialisés (division du travail social) et sont en situation d'interdépendance </td></tr></tbody></table> <blockquote> <p>« En s’agrégeant, en se pénétrant, en se fusionnant, les âmes individuelles donnent naissance à un être, psychique si l’on veut, mais qui constitue une individualité psychique d’un genre nouveau » </p> </blockquote><p style="margin:-0.7em 0 0.3em 6em">— Émile Durkheim, <i>Les règles de la méthode sociologique</i>, 1895, Chapitre V, section 2, § 18.</p> <dl><dt>Chez Weber</dt></dl> <p><span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le 22 mars 2018)." style="cursor:help;"><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Max Weber</a> rattachera le concept de <a href="/wiki/Socialisation" title="Socialisation">socialisation</a> aux caractéristiques indiquées par <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_T%C3%B6nnies" title="Ferdinand Tönnies">Ferdinand Tönnies</a></span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a></sup>. </p> <dl><dt>Chez Bourdieu</dt></dl> <p>Pour <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Pierre Bourdieu</a>, la société n'est pas complètement explicable. Il y a toutefois deux niveaux à différencier : le niveau de la <a href="/wiki/Pratique_sociale" title="Pratique sociale">pratique sociale</a>, dans la vie de tous les jours ou des régularités se jouent, et le niveau de la <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_de_la_pratique" title="Théorie de la pratique">théorie de la pratique</a>, où on doit examiner les <a href="/wiki/Rapport_de_force" title="Rapport de force">rapports de force</a> inconscients de la pratique sociale (<a href="/wiki/Habitus_(sociologie)" title="Habitus (sociologie)">habitus</a>). Le travail de Bourdieu contient ainsi une composante critique de la société. </p> <dl><dt>Chez Richard Jenkins</dt></dl> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Sociologue" title="Sociologue">sociologue</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Jenkins_(sociologist)" class="extiw" title="en:Richard Jenkins (sociologist)">Richard Jenkins[en]</a> se pose des questions relatives à l'existence des sociétés : </p> <ul><li>Comment les humains pensent et échangent entre eux — le monde sensoriel ne compose qu'une fraction de l'humain. Pour comprendre le monde, nous devons concevoir les interactions humaines de façon abstraite (c'est-à-dire du point de vue sociétal) ;</li> <li>Beaucoup de phénomènes ne peuvent pas être réduits au comportement individuel — pour expliquer certains phénomènes, une vue de quelque chose « plus grande que la somme de ses parties » est nécessaire ;</li> <li>Les collectivités survivent la plupart du temps compte tenu de la durée de vie de ses membres ;</li> <li>L'état humain a toujours signifié aller au-delà de l'évidence de nos sens ; chaque aspect de nos vies est attaché au collectif<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation_de_la_société"><span id="Organisation_de_la_soci.C3.A9t.C3.A9"></span>Organisation de la société</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Organisation de la société" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Organisation de la société"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Organisation_sociale" title="Organisation sociale">Organisation sociale</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vision_dépassée_d'une_évolution_progressiste_des_sociétés"><span id="Vision_d.C3.A9pass.C3.A9e_d.27une_.C3.A9volution_progressiste_des_soci.C3.A9t.C3.A9s"></span>Vision dépassée d'une évolution progressiste des sociétés</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Vision dépassée d'une évolution progressiste des sociétés" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Vision dépassée d'une évolution progressiste des sociétés"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selon <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Émile Durkheim</a> toutes les sociétés humaines se développent par les mêmes stades qui vont vers une complexification croissante et une spécialisation croissante. Toutes les sociétés ont <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence." style="cursor:help;">ce qu'il appelle une forme source identique</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a></sup>. Par la suite, les structures de parenté, les rapports de travail se complexifieraient ; la spécialisation augmenterait et la raison gouvernerait de plus en plus de champs sociaux<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence ; voir l'aide.">[réf. nécessaire]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Pour sa part, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Lenski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Lenski (page inexistante)">Gerhard Lenski</a>, sociologue, a différencié des sociétés basées sur leur niveau de technologie, de communication et d'économie : chasseurs et cueilleurs, agricole, agricole avancé, industriel<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ce système de classification contient <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage est à vérifier." style="cursor:help;">quatre</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Style_encyclop%C3%A9dique#Pr.C3.A9cis" title="Wikipédia:Style encyclopédique">[à vérifier]</a></sup> catégories : </p> <ul><li>chasseurs-cueilleurs généralement égalitaires ;</li> <li>sociétés tribales dans lesquelles il y a quelques exemples limités de rang social et de prestige ;</li> <li>structures stratifiées dirigées près des chefs de clans ;</li> <li>civilisations, avec des hiérarchies sociales complexes et des nombreux gouvernements organisés et institutionnels ;</li> <li>société moderne diversifiée sur laquelle reposent tous les éléments de la société.</li></ul> <p>C'est à peu près le même système développé plus tôt par les anthropologues <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morton_H._Frit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morton H. Frit (page inexistante)">Morton H. Frit</a>, un théoricien du conflit, et <a href="/wiki/Elman_Service" title="Elman Service">Elman Service</a>, un théoricien de l'intégration, qui ont produit un système de classification pour des sociétés dans toutes les cultures humaines basé sur l'évolution de l'inégalité sociale et le rôle de l'État. </p><p>Avec le temps, certaines cultures ont progressé vers les formes plus complexes d'organisation et d'autorité. Cette <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89volution_culturelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Évolution culturelle (page inexistante)">évolution culturelle</a> a eu un effet profond sur les modèles de la communauté. Les tribus de chasseurs-cueilleurs rassemblées autour des lieux de chasse saisonniers se sont sédentarisées dans des villages agraires. Ces villages sont devenus des villes et les villes ont mué en villes-État et en États-nations<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Aujourd'hui, beaucoup d'anthropologues et de sociologues s'opposent à la notion d'évolution culturelle et des « étapes » rigides décrites. En fait, les données anthropologiques ont suggéré que la complexité (civilisation, croissance et densité de population, spécialisation, etc.) ne conduit pas toujours à une forme d'organisation ou de stratification sociale hiérarchique. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspects_ontologiques_marxistes">Aspects ontologiques marxistes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Aspects ontologiques marxistes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Aspects ontologiques marxistes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>À titre relatif, il faut mentionner un débat continu entre les cercles de sociologues et d'anthropologues pour savoir s'il existe (ou pas) une entité que nous pourrions appeler « société ». Certains théoriciens <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">marxistes</a>, comme <a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Laclau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Laclau (page inexistante)">Ernest Laclau</a> et <a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Slavoj Žižek</a>, ont argüé du fait que la société n'est rien davantage qu'un effet idéologique d'un certain système de classes. Ils considèrent que ce terme ne devrait pas être employé comme notion sociologique. </p><p>Les sociologues <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9omarxisme" title="Néomarxisme">néomarxistes</a> ont construit une classification des sociétés différente de celle des sociologues structuro-fonctionnalistes. </p><p>La classification néo-marxiste résumée des sociétés, est la suivante : </p> <ul><li>les sociétés précapitalistes ou féodales ;</li> <li>les sociétés capitalistes ;</li> <li>les sociétés capitalistes monopolistes d’État ;</li> <li>les sociétés collectivistes d’État ou socialistes-étatistes ;</li> <li>les sociétés socialistes ;</li> <li>les sociétés communistes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sociétés_mondiales"><span id="Soci.C3.A9t.C3.A9s_mondiales"></span>Sociétés mondiales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Sociétés mondiales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Sociétés mondiales"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_T%C3%B6nnies" title="Ferdinand Tönnies">Ferdinand Tönnies</a> et <a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Niklas Luhmann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_des_syst%C3%A8mes_sociaux" title="Théorie des systèmes sociaux">théorie des systèmes sociaux</a>) ont des approches plus étendues — comme d'autres <a href="/wiki/Macrosociologie" title="Macrosociologie">macrothéoriciens</a> qui y ont réfléchi —{{|}} avec l'idée de « société mondiale » (<a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> a développé le mécanisme d'exploitation propre au capitalisme ; <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Gumplowicz" title="Ludwig Gumplowicz">Ludwig Gumplowicz</a> a annoncé la guerre entre groupes ; <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_T%C3%B6nnies" title="Ferdinand Tönnies">Ferdinand Tönnies</a> est l'initiateur lointain de ce concept ; <a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Niklas Luhmann</a> fait un raccord en analysant les <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dias_de_masse" title="Médias de masse">médias de masse</a> (dont la communication, la circulation de l'argent, etc.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variété_d'usages"><span id="Vari.C3.A9t.C3.A9_d.27usages"></span>Variété d'usages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Variété d'usages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Variété d'usages"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il existe des sociétés animales dont l'étude est effectuée par l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89thologie" title="Éthologie">éthologie</a> sociale ou la <a href="/wiki/Sociobiologie" title="Sociobiologie">sociobiologie</a>, comme les sociétés de fourmis ou de celles de primates. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Science_politique" title="Science politique">science politique</a> le terme est employé dans la signification de rapports humains en relation avec l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat" title="État">État</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Pouvoir_(sociologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pouvoir (sociologie)">pouvoir</a>, c'est-à-dire l'appareil des règles, des <a href="/wiki/Institution_(sociologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Institution (sociologie)">institutions</a> et leurs applications du gouvernement sur un territoire. Une « société » peut se référer à un <a href="/wiki/Peuple" title="Peuple">peuple</a> en particulier, à un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat-nation" title="État-nation">état-nation</a> ou à un large groupe culturel. On compte aussi les <a href="/wiki/Entreprise" title="Entreprise">entreprises</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Organisation_sociale" title="Organisation sociale">organisations</a> de personnes. Certaines peuvent être <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_secr%C3%A8te" title="Société secrète">secrètes</a>. On retrouve aussi le terme dans un certain nombre d'<a href="/wiki/Sens_commun" title="Sens commun">expressions courantes</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society?oldid=563626220">Society</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society?action=history">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l'article intitulé « <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sociologie)&oldid=cur">Société (sociologie)</a> » <small>(voir <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sociologie)&oldid=cur&action=history">la liste des auteurs</a></span>)</small></span>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l'article intitulé « <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(ethnologie)&oldid=cur">Société (ethnologie)</a> » <small>(voir <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(ethnologie)&oldid=cur&action=history">la liste des auteurs</a></span>)</small></span>.</li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Corinne Rostaing, « Communauté et société », <i>in</i> Paugam Serge (dir.), <i>Les 100 mots de la sociologie</i>, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, coll. « Que Sais-Je ? », <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">51-52</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Richard Jenkins, <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Foundations of Sociology</span></i>, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Lenski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Lenski (page inexistante)">Gerhard Lenski</a>, <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Human Societies: An Introduction to Macrosociology</span></i>, 1974.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">R. Effland, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/glues/model_complex.html"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">The Cultural Evolution of Civilizations</span></a></i>, mc.maricopa.edu, 1998.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribu_(ethnologie)" title="Tribu (ethnologie)">Tribu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9" title="Communauté">Communauté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peuple" title="Peuple">Peuple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociologie" title="Sociologie">Sociologie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8425?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/society"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//samfund/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/societa_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><i>Dizionario di Storia</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0239012.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/societe/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8425?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85124175">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4020588-5">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571842">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553569905171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116245">Tchéquie</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Types_de_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s" title="Modèle:Palette Types de sociétés"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Types_de_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Types de <a class="mw-selflink selflink">sociétés</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;">Organisations sociales</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_traditionnelle" title="Société traditionnelle">Société traditionnelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_industrielle" title="Société industrielle">Société industrielle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_ouverte" title="Société ouverte">Société ouverte</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;">Sociétés historiques</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_romaine" title="Société romaine">Société romaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9odalit%C3%A9" title="Féodalité">Société féodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_d%27Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" title="Société d'Ancien Régime">Société d'Ancien Régime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_industrielle" title="Société industrielle">Société industrielle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_post-industrielle" title="Société post-industrielle">Société post-industrielle</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;">Ordonnancement social</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_d%27ordres" title="Société d'ordres">Société d'ordres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_castes" title="Société de castes">Société de castes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_classes" title="Société de classes">Société de classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_sans_classes" title="Société sans classes">Société sans classes</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;">Autres</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li>« <a href="/wiki/McDonaldisation" title="McDonaldisation">McDonaldisation</a> »</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_consommation" title="Société de consommation">Société de consommation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_masse" title="Société de masse">Société de masse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_l%27information" title="Société de l'information">Société de l'information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_la_connaissance" title="Société de la connaissance">Société de la connaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_secr%C3%A8te" title="Société secrète">Société secrète</a> et <a href="/wiki/Fraternit%C3%A9_(association)" title="Fraternité (association)">fraternités</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span 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