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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revue_Productions_and_the_early_days_of_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revue_Productions_and_the_early_days_of_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Revue Productions and the early days of television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revue_Productions_and_the_early_days_of_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Takeovers_of_Universal_Pictures_and_Decca_Records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Takeovers_of_Universal_Pictures_and_Decca_Records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Takeovers of Universal Pictures and Decca Records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Takeovers_of_Universal_Pictures_and_Decca_Records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Further expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sale_to_Matsushita_and_Seagram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sale_to_Matsushita_and_Seagram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Sale to Matsushita and Seagram</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sale_to_Matsushita_and_Seagram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%8A" title="أم سي أي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أم سي أي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Corporation_of_America" title="Music Corporation of America – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Music Corporation of America" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Corporation_of_America" title="Music Corporation of America – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Music Corporation of America" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Corporation_of_America" title="Music Corporation of America – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Music Corporation of America" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Corporation_of_America" title="Music Corporation of America – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Music Corporation of America" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="ام‌سی‌ای کورپوریشن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ام‌سی‌ای کورپوریشن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Corporation_of_America" title="Music Corporation of America – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Music Corporation of America" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCA_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85)" title="MCA (기업) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="MCA (기업)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc. – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="MCA Inc." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc. – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="MCA Inc." data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Corporation_of_America" title="Music Corporation of America – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Music Corporation of America" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB" title="ミュージック・コーポレーション・オブ・アメリカ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミュージック・コーポレーション・オブ・アメリカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Corporation_of_America" title="Music Corporation of America – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Music Corporation of America" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Corporation_of_America" title="Music Corporation of America – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Music Corporation of America" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc. – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="MCA Inc." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="MCA Inc." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Corporation_of_America" title="Music Corporation of America – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Music Corporation of America" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American media and entertainment conglomerate</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">MCA Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MCA_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/MCA_Logo.svg/200px-MCA_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/MCA_Logo.svg/300px-MCA_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/MCA_Logo.svg/400px-MCA_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="80" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Final logo, used from 1976 to 1996</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Entertainment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1924<span class="noprint">; 101 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1924</span>)</span> (as Music Corporation of America)<br />Incorporated as MCA, Inc. on November 10, 1958</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Stein" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Stein">Jules Stein</a><br />William R. Goodheart, Jr.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">December 9, 1996<span class="noprint">; 28 years ago</span><span style="display: none;"> (<span class="dtend">1996-12-9</span>)</span> (as MCA Inc.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Acquired by <a href="/wiki/Seagram" title="Seagram">Seagram</a> and later reincorporated as <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios,_Inc." title="Universal Studios, Inc.">Universal Studios, Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios,_Inc." title="Universal Studios, Inc.">Universal Studios</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Corporation">Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.</a> <small>(1990–1995)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Seagram" title="Seagram">Seagram</a> <small>(1995–1996)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universal_Television" title="Universal Television">Universal Television</a><br /><a href="/wiki/MCA_Records" title="MCA Records">MCA Records</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>MCA Inc. </b>(originally an initialism for <b>Music Corporation of America</b>) was an American <a href="/wiki/Media_conglomerate" title="Media conglomerate">media conglomerate</a> founded in 1924. Originally a <a href="/wiki/Talent_agency" title="Talent agency">talent agency</a> with artists in the music business as clients, the company became a major force in the film industry, and later expanded into television production. MCA published music, booked acts, ran the <a href="/wiki/MCA_Records" title="MCA Records">MCA Records</a> music label, represented film, television and radio stars, and eventually produced and sold television programs to the three major television networks, especially <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>. </p><p>MCA was the legal predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi Universal</a> and thereby <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>. Its other <a href="/wiki/Legal_successor_(business)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal successor (business)">legal successor</a> is Universal Music Group Holding Corp, a <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> owned by <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a> (which has absorbed <a href="/wiki/PolyGram" title="PolyGram">PolyGram</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MCA_Inc.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MCA_Inc.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MCA was formed in 1924 by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Stein" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Stein">Jules Stein</a> and William R. Goodheart, Jr., as <b>Music Corporation of America</b>, a music booking agency based in Chicago, Illinois. MCA helped pioneer modern practices of touring bands and name acts. Early on, MCA booked such prominent artists as <a href="/wiki/King_Oliver" title="King Oliver">King Oliver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a> for clubs and <a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">speakeasies</a> run by legendary notorious Chicago mobsters such as <a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone">Al Capone</a> and others. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lew_Wasserman" title="Lew Wasserman">Lew Wasserman</a> joined MCA in 1936 at the age of 23 and rose through the ranks of MCA for more than four decades, with <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Werblin" title="Sonny Werblin">Sonny Werblin</a> as his right-hand man. Wasserman helped create MCA's radio show, <i><a href="/wiki/Kay_Kyser%27s_Kollege_of_Musical_Knowledge" title="Kay Kyser's Kollege of Musical Knowledge">Kay Kyser's Kollege of Musical Knowledge</a></i>, which debuted on <a href="/wiki/NBC_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC Radio">NBC Radio</a> that same year. Following that success, Stein installed Wasserman in New York City in 1937, but Wasserman convinced him that <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a> was the best place for the company's growth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""The_Rules_of_the_Road""><span id=".22The_Rules_of_the_Road.22"></span>"The Rules of the Road"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MCA_Inc.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "The Rules of the Road""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company was guided by a codification of Stein's pet policies known as "The Rules of The Road".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rules were passed down from the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a> era, Chicago–area MCA (referenced in books like <i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Cohn" title="Citizen Cohn">Citizen Cohn</a></i> and <i>The King and Queen of Hollywood</i>) to the 1940s Los Angeles–area firm, which focused on representing movie actors. </p><p>The Rules were next passed to the 1950s generation of MCA talent agents, including <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Perenchio" title="Jerry Perenchio">Jerry Perenchio</a>, who later owned and headed a number of businesses including <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a> from 1992 to 2007. Perenchio was well known for his version of the Rules (up to twenty rules),<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which varied from year to year and had some internal contradictions (In 2006, Perenchio pointed out that while there was a "no nepotism" rule, he was aware his son was on the company's board of directors at the time).<sup id="cite_ref-Meg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Move_to_Hollywood:_"The_Octopus""><span id="Move_to_Hollywood:_.22The_Octopus.22"></span>Move to Hollywood: "The Octopus"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MCA_Inc.&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Move to Hollywood: "The Octopus""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1939, based on Wasserman's recommendation, MCA's headquarters moved from Chicago to <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>, creating a movie division. The company began to acquire talent agencies, representing established actors such as <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, whom Wasserman became very close with personally. In later decades, Wasserman became a guiding force in Reagan's political ambition by helping Reagan to win the presidency of the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a> (SAG), then election as Governor of California in 1966, and finally President of the United States in 1980. </p><p>By the end of the 1930s, MCA had become the largest <a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">talent agency</a> in the world, with over 700 clients, including movie stars, recording artists, Broadway actors, radio stars, and directors. The company's aggressive acquisition of clientele in all entertainment sectors earned MCA the nickname of "The Octopus".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's activities led <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> agents to investigate not only whether MCA was a monopoly breaking antitrust laws, but also its suspected connections to underworld criminal activities. This investigation continued for the next few decades.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revue_Productions_and_the_early_days_of_television">Revue Productions and the early days of television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MCA_Inc.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Revue Productions and the early days of television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1948, Jules Stein moved up as MCA's first chairman, giving Lew Wasserman charge of day-to-day operations of the company as president. That year, Stein and Wasserman decided to get into a new medium that would soon change the entertainment industry: television. Although many motion picture studios would not touch this new medium, thinking it was just a fad and would fade away, MCA decided to embrace it. First, however, the company needed to get a waiver from the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a>, which ruled at the time that talent agencies such as MCA were prohibited from producing TV shows or films. Thanks to the newly elected SAG president, Ronald Reagan (an MCA client), MCA was granted a waiver to start producing TV shows.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the waiver was granted, the company formed MCA Television Limited for <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">syndication</a>. In 1950, <a href="/wiki/Revue_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Revue Productions">Revue Productions</a>, once a live concert promotion division that produced "Stage Door Canteen" live events for the <a href="/wiki/USO" class="mw-redirect" title="USO">USO</a> during World War II, was re-launched as MCA's television production subsidiary. By 1956, Revue became the top supplier of television for all broadcast networks, spanning three decades of television programs such as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armour_Theater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armour Theater (page does not exist)">Armour Theater</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Theater" title="General Electric Theater">General Electric Theater</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fireside_Theatre" title="Fireside Theatre">The Jane Wyman Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Leave_It_to_Beaver" title="Leave It to Beaver">Leave It to Beaver</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wagon_Train" title="Wagon Train">Wagon Train</a></i>, and many others. Prior to 1958, all Revue's shows were filmed at the old <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a> studio lot in <a href="/wiki/Studio_City,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Studio City, California">Studio City, California</a>. </p><p>In February 1958, MCA acquired <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>' pre-1950 sound feature film library<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Dreams_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Dreams-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for $10 million, through a newly created MCA subsidiary, <a href="/wiki/EMKA,_Ltd." title="EMKA, Ltd.">EMKA, Ltd.</a> </p><p>In December 1958, MCA bought the 423-acre (1.71 km<sup>2</sup>) Universal Studios lot from <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> for $11,250,000 and renamed it, as well as the actual television unit, <a href="/wiki/Revue_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Revue Studios">Revue Studios</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the deal, MCA leased the studios back to Universal for $2 million a year, plus unlimited access to MCA's clients such as Jimmy Stewart, <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hudson" title="Rock Hudson">Rock Hudson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> to make films for Universal. </p><p>Stein, who by this time was the sole owner of MCA, decided to take the company public by giving 51% of his ownership of MCA to his employees, which included a 20% stake for <a href="/wiki/Lew_Wasserman" title="Lew Wasserman">Wasserman</a>. The company went <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">public</a> on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> and was incorporated as MCA Inc. on November 10, 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A couple of years later, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> gave MCA his rights to <i><a href="/wiki/Psycho_(1960_film)" title="Psycho (1960 film)">Psycho</a></i> and his television anthology in exchange for 150,000 shares, making him the third largest investor in MCA, and his own boss at Universal.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Takeovers_of_Universal_Pictures_and_Decca_Records">Takeovers of Universal Pictures and Decca Records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MCA_Inc.&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Takeovers of Universal Pictures and Decca Records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 18, 1962, <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a> shareholders agreed to MCA's buyout offer<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the record label had entered into talks about a <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">merger</a> that April.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decca at the time owned <a href="/wiki/Coral_Records" title="Coral Records">Coral Records</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Records" title="Brunswick Records">Brunswick Records</a>, and an 89% stake in <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures Company, Inc.</a> </p><p>On July 13, 1962, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> filed suit against MCA, charging that its acquisition of Decca's controlling interest in Universal violated <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust</a> laws.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To retain Universal, MCA would have to close its talent agency, which represented most of the industry's biggest names (a select few handled by Wasserman personally). In reality, MCA's talent agency arm became defunct the day the DOJ filed the suit; dissolving it that October was a mere formality.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MCA's now-former agents quickly formed new agencies, many of which are woven into the corporate fabric of today's talent management; <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Perenchio" title="Jerry Perenchio">Jerry Perenchio</a>'s Chartwell Artists represented <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a>. Former MCA agents <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Fields" title="Freddie Fields">Freddie Fields</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Begelman" title="David Begelman">David Begelman</a> formed <a href="/wiki/Creative_Management_Associates" title="Creative Management Associates">Creative Management Associates</a>, another important new agency. </p><p>By the end of 1962, MCA assumed full ownership of Universal. </p><p>In 1964, MCA entered the music publishing business when it acquired <a href="/wiki/Lou_Levy_(publisher)" title="Lou Levy (publisher)">Lou Levy</a>'s Leeds Music,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and formed Universal City Studios the same year in effort to merge under one umbrella both Universal Pictures and its Revue Studios division, which was later reincorporated as <a href="/wiki/Universal_Television" title="Universal Television">Universal Television</a> in 1966. </p><p>On July 15, 1964, MCA established the <a href="/wiki/Studio_Tour" title="Studio Tour">Studio Tour</a>, which provided guests a behind-the-scenes glimpse of film and television production at Universal Studios. This established a footprint of what is now known as <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a> <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">theme park</a>. Over the next few decades, similar parks were built and expanded under MCA for <a href="/wiki/Universal_Orlando" title="Universal Orlando">Universal Orlando</a> Resort in <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Japan" title="Universal Studios Japan">Universal Studios Japan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>. </p><p>In 1966, MCA formed <a href="/wiki/Uni_Records" title="Uni Records">Uni Records</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>, California,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1967, MCA bought New York–based <a href="/wiki/Kapp_Records" title="Kapp Records">Kapp Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year MCA also acquired guitar maker <a href="/wiki/Danelectro" title="Danelectro">Danelectro</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and mall retailer <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Gifts" title="Spencer Gifts">Spencer Gifts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_expansion">Further expansion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MCA_Inc.&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1967, the <a href="/wiki/MCA_Records" title="MCA Records">MCA Records</a> label was established outside the United States and Canada to issue releases by the MCA group of labels. Decca, Kapp, and Uni were merged into MCA Records at <a href="/wiki/Universal_City,_California" title="Universal City, California">Universal City, California</a> in 1971; the three labels maintained their identities for a short time but were soon retired in favor of the MCA label. The first MCA Records release in the US was former Uni artist <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Crocodile_Rock" title="Crocodile Rock">Crocodile Rock</a>" in 1972. In 1973, the final Decca pop label release, "<a href="/wiki/Drift_Away" title="Drift Away">Drift Away</a>", a No. 5 pop hit by <a href="/wiki/Dobie_Gray" title="Dobie Gray">Dobie Gray</a>, was issued. </p><p>MCA had two failed mergers in 1969. Initially, it planned a merger with <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Electric Corporation">Westinghouse Electric Corporation</a> but that collapsed in April, and in July, they announced a proposed merger with the <a href="/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company">Firestone Tire and Rubber Company</a>, but this too was called off in September.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, Stein stepped down from the company he founded and Wasserman took over as chairman and chief executive officer, while <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sheinberg" title="Sidney Sheinberg">Sidney Sheinberg</a> was appointed president and chief operating officer of MCA.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other executives within MCA were Lawrence R. Barnett, who ran the agency's live acts division during its glory agency years in the 1950s and 1960s, and <a href="/wiki/Ned_Tanen" title="Ned Tanen">Ned Tanen</a>, head of <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>. Tanen was behind Universal hits such as <i><a href="/wiki/Animal_House" title="Animal House">Animal House</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Hughes_(filmmaker)" title="John Hughes (filmmaker)">John Hughes</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Candles" title="Sixteen Candles">Sixteen Candles</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Breakfast_Club" title="The Breakfast Club">The Breakfast Club</a></i>. </p><p>MCA issued soundtrack albums for most films released by Universal Pictures. </p><p>In 1975, the company entered the <a href="/wiki/Book_publisher" class="mw-redirect" title="Book publisher">book publishing</a> business with the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">G. P. Putnam's Sons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, it acquired <a href="/wiki/ABC_Records" title="ABC Records">ABC Records</a> along with its subsidiaries <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Records_(1969)" title="Paramount Records (1969)">Paramount Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impulse!_Records" title="Impulse! Records">Impulse! Records</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dot_Records" title="Dot Records">Dot Records</a>. ABC had acquired the Paramount and Dot labels when it purchased <a href="/wiki/Gulf_and_Western_Industries" title="Gulf and Western Industries">Gulf+Western</a>'s record labels in 1974, then the parent company of <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>. </p><p>From 1983 to 1989, <a href="/wiki/Irving_Azoff" title="Irving Azoff">Irving Azoff</a> was chairman of MCA Records and is credited for turning around the fortunes of the label.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chess_Records" title="Chess Records">Chess Records</a> catalog was acquired from the remnants of Sugarhill in 1985. <a href="/wiki/Motown_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown Records">Motown Records</a> was bought in 1988 (and sold to <a href="/wiki/PolyGram" title="PolyGram">PolyGram</a> in 1993).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/GRP_Records" title="GRP Records">GRP Records</a> (which became for some years MCA's <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> music label and thus began managing the company's jazz catalogue) and <a href="/wiki/Geffen_Records" title="Geffen Records">Geffen Records</a> (which served as another mainstream music subsidiary) were acquired in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MCA also acquired other assets outside of the music industry. It became a shareholder in <a href="/wiki/USA_Network" title="USA Network">USA Network</a> in 1981, eventually owning 50% of the network (the other half was owned by Paramount).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, its publishing division, G. P. Putnam's Sons, bought <a href="/wiki/Grosset_%26_Dunlap" title="Grosset & Dunlap">Grosset & Dunlap</a> from <a href="/wiki/Filmways" title="Filmways">Filmways</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, MCA bought <a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz_Productions" title="Walter Lantz Productions">Walter Lantz Productions</a> and its characters, including <a href="/wiki/Woody_Woodpecker" title="Woody Woodpecker">Woody Woodpecker</a>. In 1985, MCA bought toy and video game company <a href="/wiki/LJN" title="LJN">LJN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also bought a TV station in New York City, <a href="/wiki/WWOR-TV" title="WWOR-TV">WWOR-TV</a> (renamed from WOR-TV), in 1987, from <a href="/wiki/RKO_General" title="RKO General">RKO General</a> subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/GenCorp" class="mw-redirect" title="GenCorp">GenCorp</a>, which was in the midst of a licensing scandal. </p><p>In 1982, MCA decided to start out its video game unit, MCA Video Games, led by technicians of the <a href="/wiki/DiscoVision" title="DiscoVision">MCA DiscoVision</a> unit.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, MCA Videogames, the video game division of MCA itself and video game developer/publisher <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari Inc.</a> entered into a partnership to start out Studio Games, a joint venture that would develop video games based on MCA's film and television properties, most notably from then-sister Universal Pictures, and decided that they would give them access to all motion picture and television properties coming from the unit.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, MCA hired <a href="/wiki/Hanna-Barbera" title="Hanna-Barbera">Hanna-Barbera</a> executive Jeff Segal to start out its MCA Family Entertainment arm (aka Universal Family Entertainment) and had <a href="/wiki/Universal_Animation_Studios" title="Universal Animation Studios">Universal Cartoon Studios</a> as its subsidiary.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sale_to_Matsushita_and_Seagram">Sale to Matsushita and Seagram</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MCA_Inc.&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sale to Matsushita and Seagram"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 26, 1990, Japanese multinational conglomerate <a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Corporation">Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.</a> agreed to acquire MCA for US$6.59 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MCA was forced to sell WWOR-TV in 1991 to Pinelands, Inc. because of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) rules that foreign companies could not own over 25% of a U.S. TV station. </p><p>In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Seagram" title="Seagram">Seagram</a> acquired 80% of MCA from Matsushita.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 26, 1996, MCA announced that it would acquire television syndication company <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Entertainment" title="Multimedia Entertainment">Multimedia Entertainment</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gannett" title="Gannett">Gannett</a>, who acquired <a href="/wiki/Multimedia,_Inc." title="Multimedia, Inc.">its parent company</a> in 1995, for $40 million.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MCA_Inc.&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 9, 1996, the new owners dropped the MCA name; the company became <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios,_Inc." title="Universal Studios, Inc.">Universal Studios, Inc.</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MCA's music division, MCA Music Entertainment Group, was renamed <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a>. MCA Records continued to live on as a label within the Universal Music Group. The following year, G. P. Putnam's Sons was sold to the <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a> subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Pearson_PLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearson PLC">Pearson PLC</a>. </p><p>In the spring of 2003, MCA Records was folded into <a href="/wiki/Geffen_Records" title="Geffen Records">Geffen Records</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> label, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group_Nashville" title="Universal Music Group Nashville">MCA Nashville Records</a>, is still in operation. MCA's classical music catalog is managed by <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Grammophon" title="Deutsche Grammophon">Deutsche Grammophon</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MCA_Inc.&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCA_Records" title="MCA Records">MCA Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCA_Whitney_Recording_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="MCA Whitney Recording Studio">MCA Whitney Recording Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagram" title="Seagram">Seagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MCA_Inc.&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrautigam2016" class="citation web cs1">Brautigam, Karl (August 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@kbrautigam/the-rules-of-the-road-49db7b2dc700">"The Rules of the Road"</a>. Medium.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rules+of+the+Road&rft.pub=Medium.com&rft.date=2016-08-11&rft.aulast=Brautigam&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40kbrautigam%2Fthe-rules-of-the-road-49db7b2dc700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSJ-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WSJ_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WSJ_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB934494792586535527">"Jerry Perenchio's 20 'Rules of the Road'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. August 13, 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Jerry+Perenchio%27s+20+%27Rules+of+the+Road%27&rft.date=1999-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB934494792586535527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meg-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meg_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames2006" class="citation news cs1">James, Meg (June 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-jun-20-fi-perenchio20-story.html">"A Hollywood Player Who Owns the Game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. Los Angeles<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=A+Hollywood+Player+Who+Owns+the+Game&rft.date=2006-06-20&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2006-jun-20-fi-perenchio20-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,896402,00.html">"Public Policy: After the Octopus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. July 20, 1962.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Public+Policy%3A+After+the+Octopus&rft.date=1962-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2F0%2C33009%2C896402%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAppelo1993" class="citation magazine cs1">Appelo, Tim (April 30, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/1993/04/30/stiffed-true-story-mca-music-business-and-mafia/">"Stiffed: A True Story of MCA, The Music Business, and the Mafia"</a>. <i>Entertainment Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Stiffed%3A+A+True+Story+of+MCA%2C+The+Music+Business%2C+and+the+Mafia&rft.date=1993-04-30&rft.aulast=Appelo&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F1993%2F04%2F30%2Fstiffed-true-story-mca-music-business-and-mafia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAP1986" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP</a> (Sep 21, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/21/us/reagan-was-a-subject-of-60-s-screen-inquiry.html">"REAGAN WAS A SUBJECT OF 60's SCREEN INQUIRY"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <q>In 1952, when Mr. Reagan was president of the actors' union and MCA was his talent agent, the company got a special waiver from SAG's rules that allowed it to engage in unlimited production of television shows. That let MCA act both as an employer of actors and as their talent agent, supposed to negotiate the best terms for them. MCA, then the largest talent agency in Hollywood, was the only one ever given such a blanket exemption.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=REAGAN+WAS+A+SUBJECT+OF+60%27s+SCREEN+INQUIRY&rft.date=1986-09-21&rft.au=AP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F09%2F21%2Fus%2Freagan-was-a-subject-of-60-s-screen-inquiry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFApplegate1990" class="citation news cs1">Applegate, Jane (November 27, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-11-27-fi-5451-story.html">"The History of MCA"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=The+History+of+MCA&rft.date=1990-11-27&rft.aulast=Applegate&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1990-11-27-fi-5451-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2003/04/21/the-monopolist">"The Monopolist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. April 21, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University Press of Kentucky. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813158891" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813158891"><bdi>978-0813158891</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=City+of+Dreams%3A+The+Making+and+Remaking+of+Universal+Pictures&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0813158891&rft.au=Dick%2C+Bernard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO6kfBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspapers.com/newspage/381256872/">"Los Angeles Times from Los Angeles, California"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. December 18, 1958. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Los+Angeles+Times+from+Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1958-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fnewspage%2F381256872%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.umusic.com/history.aspx">Search | Universal Music</a>. New.umusic.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRebello1990" class="citation book cs1">Rebello, Stephen (1990). <i>Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho</i>. Berkeley: <a href="/wiki/Soft_Skull_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft Skull Press">Soft Skull Press</a>. p. 180.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alfred+Hitchcock+and+the+Making+of+Psycho&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Soft+Skull+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Rebello&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1962/06/19/archives/holders-of-decca-approve-mca-offer.html">"Holders of Decca Approve MCA Offer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Holders+of+Decca+Approve+MCA+Offer&rft.date=1962-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1962%2F06%2F19%2Farchives%2Fholders-of-decca-approve-mca-offer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1962/04/11/archives/decca-records-holding-talks-with-mca-on-plan-for-merger-decca.html">"Decca Records Holding Talks With MCA on Plan for Merger"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Decca+Records+Holding+Talks+With+MCA+on+Plan+for+Merger&rft.date=1962-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1962%2F04%2F11%2Farchives%2Fdecca-records-holding-talks-with-mca-on-plan-for-merger-decca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1962/07/14/archives/mca-is-accused-in-antitrust-suit-of-dominating-tv-us-civil-action.html">"MCA is Accused in Antitrust Suit of Dominating TV"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. July 14, 1962<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MCA+is+Accused+in+Antitrust+Suit+of+Dominating+TV&rft.date=1962-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1962%2F07%2F14%2Farchives%2Fmca-is-accused-in-antitrust-suit-of-dominating-tv-us-civil-action.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/atr/page/file/1145241/download">"United States v. MCA Inc"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a></i>. October 18, 1962<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+Justice&rft.atitle=United+States+v.+MCA+Inc.&rft.date=1962-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fatr%2Fpage%2Ffile%2F1145241%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/26/archives/mca-buys-leeds-music-publisher-entertainment-concern-gets-assets.html">"MCA BUYS LEEDS, MUSIC PUBLISHER; Entertainment Concern Gets Assets and Copyrights"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 1964-11-26. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MCA+BUYS+LEEDS%2C+MUSIC+PUBLISHER%3B+Entertainment+Concern+Gets+Assets+and+Copyrights&rft.date=1964-11-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1964%2F11%2F26%2Farchives%2Fmca-buys-leeds-music-publisher-entertainment-concern-gets-assets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdwardsEyriesCallahan2007" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Dave; Eyries, Patrice; Callahan, Mike (October 13, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013213311/http://www.bsnpubs.com/mca/uni.html">"Universal City Records [UNI] Album Discography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsnpubs.com/mca/uni.html">the original</a> on 2007-10-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Universal+City+Records+%5BUNI%5D+Album+Discography&rft.date=2007-10-13&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft.au=Eyries%2C+Patrice&rft.au=Callahan%2C+Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsnpubs.com%2Fmca%2Funi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MygEAAAAMBAJ">"MCA Buys Kapp in New Surge to be a Major Record Complex"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. 1967-12-09. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MygEAAAAMBAJ/page/n76">7</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-28</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. <q>uni + decca + kapp.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=MCA+Buys+Kapp+in+New+Surge+to+be+a+Major+Record+Complex&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1967-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_MygEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrill2017" class="citation web cs1">Brill, James M. 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Scott (December 9, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/orlando/stories/1996/12/09/daily1.html">"MCA changes name to Universal Studios Inc"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_City_Business_Journals" title="American City Business Journals">Orlando Business Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orlando+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=MCA+changes+name+to+Universal+Studios+Inc.&rft.date=1996-12-09&rft.aulast=Reckard&rft.aufirst=E.+Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Forlando%2Fstories%2F1996%2F12%2F09%2Fdaily1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMCA+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:NBCUniversal" title="Template:NBCUniversal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NBCUniversal" title="Template talk:NBCUniversal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NBCUniversal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NBCUniversal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NBCUniversal510" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A division of <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MCA Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PolyGram" title="PolyGram">PolyGram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagram" title="Seagram">Seagram Company Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi Universal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Ebersol" title="Dick Ebersol">Dick Ebersol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Hammer" title="Bonnie Hammer">Bonnie Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Langley" title="Donna Langley">Donna Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Burke_(businessman)" title="Steve Burke (businessman)">Steve Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearlena_Igbokwe" title="Pearlena Igbokwe">Pearlena Igbokwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Oppenheim" title="Noah Oppenheim">Noah Oppenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Conde" title="Cesar Conde">Cesar Conde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios,_Inc." title="Universal Studios, Inc.">Universal Filmed<br />Entertainment Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_Lot_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Back Lot Music">Back Lot Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illumination_(company)" title="Illumination (company)">Illumination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illumination_Studios_Paris" title="Illumination Studios Paris">Illumination Studios Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_Entertainment_Japan" title="NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan">NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_International_Pictures" title="United International Pictures">United International Pictures</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Animation_Studios" title="Universal Animation Studios">Universal Animation Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures_Home_Entertainment" title="Universal Pictures Home Entertainment">Universal Pictures Home Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Title_Films" title="Working Title Films">Working Title Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Partners" title="Amblin Partners">Amblin Partners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Entertainment" title="Amblin Entertainment">Amblin Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Pictures" title="DreamWorks Pictures">DreamWorks Pictures</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studio_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Studio Group">Universal<br />Studio Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Television" title="Universal Television">Universal Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Content_Productions" title="Universal Content Productions">Universal Content Productions</a></li> <li>Universal International Studios <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Films" title="Carnival Films">Carnival Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matchbox_Pictures" title="Matchbox Pictures">Matchbox Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation_Television" title="DreamWorks Animation Television">DreamWorks Animation Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Classics" title="DreamWorks Classics">DreamWorks Classics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Idea_Entertainment" title="Big Idea Entertainment">Big Idea Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Ward_Productions" title="Jay Ward Productions">Bullwinkle Studios</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Films">Harvey Entertainment</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Destinations_%26_Experiences" title="Universal Destinations & Experiences">Destinations<br />& Experiences Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_CityWalk" title="Universal CityWalk">CityWalk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Orlando" title="Universal Orlando">Universal Orlando</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Florida" title="Universal Studios Florida">Universal Studios Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Adventure" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Adventure">Islands of Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_CityWalk" title="Universal CityWalk">CityWalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Epic_Universe" title="Universal Epic Universe">Epic Universe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Kids_Resort" title="Universal Kids Resort">Universal Kids Resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Horror_Unleashed" title="Universal Horror Unleashed">Universal Horror Unleashed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Japan" title="Universal Studios Japan">Universal Studios Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Singapore" title="Universal Studios Singapore">Universal Studios Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Beijing" title="Universal Beijing">Universal Beijing Resort</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Beijing" title="Universal Studios Beijing">Universal Studios Beijing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_United_Kingdom" title="Universal Studios United Kingdom">Universal Studios United Kingdom</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_Media_Group" title="NBCUniversal Media Group">Media Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_(American_TV_network)" title="Bravo (American TV network)">Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!" title="E!">E!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy" title="Syfy">Syfy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Network" title="USA Network">USA Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_network)" title="Oxygen (TV network)">Oxygen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streaming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayu_(streaming_service)" title="Hayu (streaming service)">Hayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)" title="Peacock (streaming service)">Peacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PictureBox_Films" title="PictureBox Films">PictureBox Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango Media</a> (70%) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fandango_at_Home" title="Fandango at Home">Fandango at Home</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Group" title="NBC Sports Group">NBC<br />Sports Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Olympic_broadcasts" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC Olympic broadcasts">NBC Olympics</a></li> <li>NBC Sports Ventures <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alli_Sports" title="Alli Sports">Alli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_Channel" title="Golf Channel">Golf Channel</a></li> <li>NBC Sports Digital <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GolfNow" title="GolfNow">GolfNow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports" title="NBC Sports">NBC Sports</a></li> <li>part owner <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Network" title="MLB Network">MLB Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHL_Network_(U.S._TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL Network (U.S. TV network)">NHL Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Regional_Networks" title="NBC Sports Regional Networks">Regional Networks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Bay_Area" title="NBC Sports Bay Area">Bay Area</a> (45%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Boston" title="NBC Sports Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_California" title="NBC Sports California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Philadelphia" title="NBC Sports Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNY" title="SNY">SNY</a> (8%)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_International_Networks" title="NBCUniversal International Networks">International<br />Networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NBCUniversal_International_Networks211" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NBCUniversal_International_Networks" title="Template:NBCUniversal International Networks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NBCUniversal_International_Networks" title="Template talk:NBCUniversal International Networks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NBCUniversal_International_Networks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NBCUniversal International Networks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NBCUniversal_International_Networks211" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_International_Networks" title="NBCUniversal International Networks">NBCUniversal International Networks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size: 90%;"><div><span style="font-size:85%;">A division of <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Channel" title="DreamWorks Channel">DreamWorks Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_Channel" title="Golf Channel">Golf Channel</a> (Indonesia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia & New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bravo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bravo (New Zealand)">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7Bravo" title="7Bravo">Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Universal TV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Universal TV (Australian TV channel)">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV_(New_Zealand)" title="Universal TV (New Zealand)">New Zealand</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe, Middle East and Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13th_Street_(TV_channel)" title="13th Street (TV channel)">13th Street</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13%C3%A8me_Rue" title="13ème Rue">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Street_(German_TV_channel)" title="13th Street (German TV channel)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calle_13_(TV_channel)" title="Calle 13 (TV channel)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_Ulica" class="extiw" title="pl:13 Ulica">Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Channel" title="DreamWorks Channel">DreamWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_(Romanian_TV_channel)" title="Diva (Romanian TV channel)">Diva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!_(European_TV_channel)" title="E! (European TV channel)">E!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_Channel" title="Golf Channel">Golf Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movies_24" title="Movies 24">Movies 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Syfy_TV_channels" title="List of Syfy TV channels">Syfy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syfy (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syfy (Germany)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci_Fi_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="Sci Fi (Polish TV channel)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci_Fi_(Balkans_TV_channel)" title="Sci Fi (Balkans TV channel)">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Portuguese_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Portuguese TV channel)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syfy (Spain)">Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Universal" title="Studio Universal">Studio Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_Africa" title="Telemundo Africa">Telemundo Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal TV (Germany)">Universal TV Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin America & Brazil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV" title="Universal TV">Universal TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!" title="E!">E!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_Channel" title="Golf Channel">Golf Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Universal_(Latin_America)" title="Studio Universal (Latin America)">Studio Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Network_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="USA Network (Latin American TV channel)">USA Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_Internacional" title="Telemundo Internacional">Telemundo Internacional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Channel" title="DreamWorks Channel">DreamWorks Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal%2B" title="Universal+">Universal+</a> (outside of Brazil)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada<br />(licensed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="Bravo (Canadian TV channel)">Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="E! (Canadian TV channel)">E!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="Oxygen (Canadian TV channel)">Oxygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Network_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="USA Network (Canadian TV channel)">USA Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13th_Street_(TV_channel)" title="13th Street (TV channel)">13th Street Netherlands and Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Street_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="13th Street (Australian TV channel)">13th Street Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_TV" title="Diva TV">Diva TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_Universal_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diva Universal (Italy)">Diva Universal Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_(Asian_TV_channel)" title="Diva (Asian TV channel)">Diva Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!_(Asian_TV_channel)" title="E! (Asian TV channel)">E! Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!_(Australia_and_New_Zealand)" title="E! (Australia and New Zealand)">E! Australia and New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Channel_(international)" title="Hallmark Channel (international)">Hallmark Channel International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Channel_(international)" title="Hallmark Channel (international)">Hallmark Channel Benelux & Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KidsCo" title="KidsCo">KidsCo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci_Fi_(Romanian_TV_channel)" title="Sci Fi (Romanian TV channel)">Sci Fi Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_(TV_channel)" title="Steel (TV channel)">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_Network_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Style Network (Australian TV channel)">Style Network Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Dutch TV channel)">Syfy Netherlands and Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Russian TV channel)">Syfy Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Asian_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Asian TV channel)">Syfy Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Australian TV channel)">Syfy Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Latin American TV channel)">Syfy Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Greek_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Greek TV channel)">Universal Channel Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Polish TV channel)">Universal Channel Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Turkish_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Turkish TV channel)">Universal Channel Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Japanese_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Japanese TV channel)">Universal Channel Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Asian_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Asian TV channel)">Universal Channel Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Universal TV (British and Irish TV channel)">Universal TV UK & Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Distribution <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_Syndication_Studios" title="NBCUniversal Syndication Studios">Domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_Global_Distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="NBCUniversal Global Distribution">International</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Telemundo Enterprises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_of_Puerto_Rico_Studios" title="Telemundo of Puerto Rico Studios">Puerto Rico Studios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Telemundo Studios">Telemundo Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universo_(TV_channel)" title="Universo (TV channel)">Universo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_Deportes" title="Telemundo Deportes">Telemundo Deportes</a><sup>w/NBC Sports Group</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noticias_Telemundo" title="Noticias Telemundo">Noticias Telemundo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_Television_and_Streaming#NBCUniversal_Owned_Television_Stations" class="mw-redirect" title="NBCUniversal Television and Streaming">Local Group</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">O&Os</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NBC_Owned_Television_Stations" title="NBC Owned Television Stations">NBC Owned<br />TV Stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KNBC" title="KNBC">KNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNSD" title="KNSD">KNSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNTV" title="KNTV">KNTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXAS-TV" title="KXAS-TV">KXAS-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBTS-CD" title="WBTS-CD">WBTS-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCAU" title="WCAU">WCAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMAQ-TV" title="WMAQ-TV">WMAQ-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNBC" title="WNBC">WNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRC-TV" title="WRC-TV">WRC-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTVJ" title="WTVJ">WTVJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVIT" title="WVIT">WVIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K15CU-D" title="K15CU-D">K15CU-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KASA-TV" title="KASA-TV">KTEL-TV</a></li> <li>Other properties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cozi_TV" title="Cozi TV">Cozi TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXTV" title="LXTV">NBC LX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC_LX_Home" title="NBC LX Home">NBC LX Home</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Cable_News" title="New England Cable News">NECN</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_Station_Group" title="Telemundo Station Group">Telemundo<br />Station Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KASA-TV" title="KASA-TV">KASA-TV/KTEL-CD/KUPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBLR_(TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="KBLR (TV)">KBLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCSO-LD" title="KCSO-LD">KCSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDEN-TV" title="KDEN-TV">KDEN-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHRR" title="KHRR">KHRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNSO" title="KNSO">KNSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSTS" title="KSTS">KSTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTAZ" title="KTAZ">KTAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTDO" title="KTDO">KTDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTLM" title="KTLM">KTLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTMD" title="KTMD">KTMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTMW" title="KTMW">KTMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUAN-LD" title="KUAN-LD">KUAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVDA" title="KVDA">KVDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVEA" title="KVEA">KVEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXTX-TV" title="KXTX-TV">KXTX-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKAQ-TV" title="WKAQ-TV">WKAQ-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNEU" title="WNEU">WNEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNJU" title="WNJU">WNJU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRDM-CD" title="WRDM-CD">WRDM-CD/WDMR-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRIW-CD" title="WRIW-CD">WRIW-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRMD-CD" title="WRMD-CD">WRMD-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRTD-CD" title="WRTD-CD">WRTD-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSCV" title="WSCV">WSCV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSNS-TV" title="WSNS-TV">WSNS-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTMO-CD" title="WTMO-CD">WTMO-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWSI" title="WWSI">WWSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWDT-CD" title="WWDT-CD">WWDT-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYCN-LD" title="WYCN-LD">WYCN-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZTD-LD" title="WZTD-LD">WZTD-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZDC-CD" title="WZDC-CD">WZDC-CD</a></li> <li><b>Other properties:</b> <a href="/wiki/TeleXitos" title="TeleXitos">TeleXitos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Affiliate relations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NBC_television_affiliates_(table)" title="List of NBC television affiliates (table)">NBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Telemundo_affiliates_(table)" title="List of Telemundo affiliates (table)">Telemundo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMKA,_Ltd." title="EMKA, Ltd.">EMKA, Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Media_Distribution" title="International Media Distribution">International Media Distribution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_News_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="NBCUniversal News Group">News Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCNews.com" title="NBCNews.com">NBCNews.com</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Out" title="NBC Out">NBC Out</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CNBC global channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Africa" title="CNBC Africa">Africa</a> (licensee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Asia" title="CNBC Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Brasil" title="Times Brasil">Brazil</a> (licensee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Europe" title="CNBC Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_World" title="CNBC World">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Europe" title="CNBC Europe">CNBC Europe</a> branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Class_CNBC" title="Class CNBC">Class CNBC</a> (20%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC-e" title="CNBC-e">CNBC-e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Africa" title="CNBC Africa">Africa</a> (licensee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Arabia" title="CNBC Arabia">Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Asia" title="CNBC Asia">CNBC Asia</a> branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_TV18" title="CNBC TV18">CNBC TV18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Awaaz" title="CNBC Awaaz">CNBC Awaaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Indonesia" title="CNBC Indonesia">CNBC Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JKN_Global_Group" title="JKN Global Group">JKN-CNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkei_CNBC" title="Nikkei CNBC">Nikkei CNBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former/defunct<br />properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13th_Street_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="13th Street (Australian TV channel)">13th Street (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%26E_Networks" title="A&E Networks">A&E Networks</a> (<a href="/wiki/A%26E_(TV_network)" title="A&E (TV network)">A&E</a>)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal+ Group">Canal+ Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Films" title="Castle Films">Castle Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapman_Entertainment" title="Chapman Entertainment">Chapman Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiller_(TV_network)" title="Chiller (TV network)">Chiller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiller_(TV_network)#Chiller_Films" title="Chiller (TV network)">Chiller Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIC_Video" title="CIC Video">CIC Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloo" title="Cloo">Cloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comcast_Network" title="Comcast Network">Comcast Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craftsy" title="Craftsy">Craftsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_(TV_network)" title="Diva (TV network)">Diva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_Universal_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diva Universal (Italy)">Diva Universal (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!_(Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="E! (Asia)">E! (Asia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Rights" title="Entertainment Rights">Entertainment Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquire_Network" title="Esquire Network">Esquire Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fearnet" title="Fearnet">Fearnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmation" title="Filmation">Filmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FilmDistrict" title="FilmDistrict">FilmDistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_(American_TV_network)" title="G4 (American TV network)">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Machine" title="Good Machine">Good Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Pictures" title="Gramercy Pictures">Gramercy Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Channel_(international)" title="Hallmark Channel (international)">Hallmark Channel (international)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITC_Entertainment" title="ITC Entertainment">ITC Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interscope_Communications" title="Interscope Communications">Interscope Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Universe" title="Miss Universe">Miss Universe</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Entertainment" title="Multimedia Entertainment">Multimedia Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBBC" title="NBBC">NBBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCSN" title="NBCSN">NBCSN</a></li> <li>NBC Sports (<a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Chicago" title="NBC Sports Chicago">Chicago</a> (25%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Northwest" title="NBC Sports Northwest">Northwest</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Weather_Plus" title="NBC Weather Plus">NBC Weather Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Films" title="October Films">October Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel_(American_TV_channel)" title="Olympic Channel (American TV channel)">Olympic Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Data_Images" title="Pacific Data Images">Pacific Data Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacock_Productions" title="Peacock Productions">Peacock Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PolyGram_Filmed_Entertainment" title="PolyGram Filmed Entertainment">PolyGram Filmed Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Films" title="Propaganda Films">Propaganda Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Pictures" title="Savoy Pictures">Savoy Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_Biz" title="SBS Biz">SBS CNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_(MSNBC)" title="Shift (MSNBC)">Shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeso" title="Seeso">Seeso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Gifts" title="Spencer Gifts">Spencer Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_Network_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style Network (Australia)">Style Network (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Asian_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Asian TV channel)">Syfy (Asia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Australian TV channel)">Syfy (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell-Tale_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Tell-Tale Productions">Tell-Tale Productions</a></li> <li>The Entertainment Channel*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Total Television">Total Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Productions_of_America" title="United Productions of America">UPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Channel (Asia)">Universal Channel (Asia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Greek_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Greek TV channel)">Universal Channel (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Japanese_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Japanese TV channel)">Universal Channel (Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Polish TV channel)">Universal Channel (Poland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Kids" title="Universal Kids">Universal Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV_(UK_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal TV (UK and Ireland)">Universal TV (UK and Ireland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Interactive" title="Universal Interactive">Universal Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Channel (Turkey)">Universal Channel (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivendi_Universal_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivendi Universal Games">Vivendi Universal Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz_Productions" title="Walter Lantz Productions">Walter Lantz Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Publishing" title="Western Publishing">Western Publishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Key_Comics" title="Gold Key Comics">Gold Key Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitman_Publishing" title="Whitman Publishing">Whitman Publishing</a></li> <li>Golden Books Family Entertainment <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Book_Video" title="Golden Book Video">Golden Book Video</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Animations" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodland Animations">Woodland Animations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZGS_Communications" title="ZGS Communications">ZGS Communications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_NBC" title="History of NBC">History of NBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_NBC_Sports" title="History of NBC Sports">History of NBC Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Report_on_Chain_Broadcasting" title="Report on Chain Broadcasting">Report on Chain Broadcasting</a> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Co._v._United_States" title="National Broadcasting Co. v. United States">National Broadcasting Co. v. United States</a></i> (1943)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Denotes <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint ventures</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vivendi367" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vivendi" title="Template:Vivendi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vivendi" title="Template talk:Vivendi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vivendi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vivendi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vivendi367" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Vivendi" title="List of assets owned by Vivendi">List of owned assets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bollor%C3%A9" title="Vincent Bolloré">Vincent Bolloré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_de_Puyfontaine" title="Arnaud de Puyfontaine">Arnaud de Puyfontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Rodocanachi" title="Pierre Rodocanachi">Pierre Rodocanachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main asset</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gameloft" title="Gameloft">Gameloft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equity investments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MediaForEurope" title="MediaForEurope">MFE</a> (4.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRISA" title="PRISA">PRISA</a> (9.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica" title="Telefónica">Telefónica</a> (1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIM_Group" title="TIM Group">TIM Group</a> (23.94%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banijay_Entertainment" title="Banijay Entertainment">Banijay Entertainment</a> (19.21%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a> (9.94%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct/former<br />assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blizzard_Entertainment" title="Blizzard Entertainment">Blizzard Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budcat_Creations" title="Budcat Creations">Budcat Creations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Ward" title="Infinity Ward">Infinity Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxoflux" title="Luxoflux">Luxoflux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massive_Entertainment" title="Massive Entertainment">Massive Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neversoft" title="Neversoft">Neversoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Entertainment" title="Radical Entertainment">Radical Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedOctane" title="RedOctane">RedOctane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaba_Games" title="Shaba Games">Shaba Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Entertainment" title="Sierra Entertainment">Sierra Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treyarch" title="Treyarch">Treyarch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_Magic" title="Animation Magic">Animation Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banijay" class="mw-redirect" title="Banijay">Banijay Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Family" title="Canal+ Family">Canal+ Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Gol_(Poland)" title="Canal+ Gol (Poland)">Canal+ Gol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editis" title="Editis">Editis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiam_Vivendi_Entertainment" title="Gaiam Vivendi Entertainment">Gaiam Vivendi Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gala_(magazine)" title="Gala (magazine)">Gala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Village_Telecom" title="Global Village Telecom">GVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JumpStart_Games" title="JumpStart Games">Knowledge Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroc_Telecom" title="Maroc Telecom">Maroc Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hachette_Group" title="Louis Hachette Group">Louis Hachette Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Group" title="Lagardère Group">Lagardère</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Publishing" title="Lagardère Publishing">Lagardère Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_News" title="Lagardère News">Lagardère News</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prisma Media</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Pictures" title="Rogue Pictures">Rogue Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFR" title="SFR">SFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Sport+ (French TV channel)">Sport+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veolia" title="Veolia">Veolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivendi_Games" title="Vivendi Games">Vivendi Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Interactive" title="Fox Interactive">Fox Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Interactive" title="Universal Interactive">Universal Interactive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCS_(TV_network)" title="OCS (TV network)">OCS</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Premier" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Premier">Ciné+ Premier</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Famiz" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Famiz">Ciné+ Famiz</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Club" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Club">Ciné+ Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_S.A." title="Canal+ S.A.">Groupe Canal+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">Canal+</a> France</li> <li>Canal+ Poland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M7_Group" title="M7 Group">M7 Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StudioCanal" title="StudioCanal">StudioCanal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havas" title="Havas">Havas</a></li> <li>Vivendi Ticketing <ul><li>Digitick</li> <li>Vivendi Village <ul><li><a href="/wiki/See_Tickets" title="See Tickets">See Tickets</a> <ul><li>See Tickets USA <ul><li>Flavorus</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>MyBestPro</li> <li>Watchever</li></ul></li> <li>L’Olympia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Vivendi" title="Category:Vivendi"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vivendi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vivendi"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Panasonic309" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Panasonic" title="Template:Panasonic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Panasonic" title="Template talk:Panasonic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Panasonic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Panasonic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Panasonic309" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Avionics_Corporation" title="Panasonic Avionics Corporation">Panasonic Avionics Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Cycle_Technology" title="Panasonic Cycle Technology">Panasonic Cycle Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Electric_Works" title="Panasonic Electric Works">Panasonic Electric Works</a> (acquired in 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a> (acquired in 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Electricals_Pvt._Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Anchor Electricals Pvt. Ltd.">Anchor Electricals</a> (acquired in 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Yonder" title="Blue Yonder">Blue Yonder</a> (acquired in 2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JVC" title="JVC">JVC</a> (spun off and merged with <a href="/wiki/Kenwood_Corporation" title="Kenwood Corporation">Kenwood</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MCA Inc.</a> (sold to Seagram's)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Lighting_Technologies" title="Universal Lighting Technologies">Universal Lighting Technologies</a> (sold to Atar capital in 2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Panasonic_logo.svg/250px-Panasonic_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Panasonic_logo.svg/330px-Panasonic_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="92" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eneloop" title="Eneloop">Eneloop</a></li> <li>Eluga</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDK" title="KDK">KDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumix" title="Lumix">Lumix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_(brand)" title="National (brand)">National</a> (phased out)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic (brand)">Panasonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasar_(brand)" title="Quasar (brand)">Quasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a> <ul><li>NXT</li> <li>Kaizen</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technics_(brand)" title="Technics (brand)">Technics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varicam" title="Varicam">Varicam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Consoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DO" title="3DO">3DO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_M2" title="Panasonic M2">Panasonic M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Q">Panasonic Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_(console)" title="Jungle (console)">Jungle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Technics_(brand)" title="Technics (brand)">Turntables</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technics_SL-1200" title="Technics SL-1200">Technics SL-1200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technics_SL-10" title="Technics SL-10">Technics SL-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technics_SL-J2" title="Technics SL-J2">Technics SL-J2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Cycle_Technology" title="Panasonic Cycle Technology">Bicycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Panasonic_camcorders" title="List of Panasonic camcorders">Camcorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_CD_interface" title="Panasonic CD interface">CD interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospi" title="Hospi">Hospi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Panasonic_lenses" title="Category:Panasonic lenses">Lenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Panasonic_Lumix_cameras" title="Category:Panasonic Lumix cameras">Lumix cameras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MN103" title="MN103">MN103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panapet" title="Panapet">Panapet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsushita_JR_series" title="Matsushita JR series">Panasonic JR series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Toot-a-Loop_Radio" title="Panasonic Toot-a-Loop Radio">Panasonic Toot-a-Loop Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Toughpad" title="Panasonic Toughpad">Toughpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Toughbook" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Toughbook">Toughbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_TR-005" title="Panasonic TR-005">Panasonic TR-005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Engine" title="Venus Engine">Venus Engine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formats and standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D5_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="D5 HD">D5 HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3DI_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3DI Standard">M-3DI Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds_system" title="Micro Four Thirds system">Micro Four Thirds system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroP2" title="MicroP2">MicroP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MII_(videocassette_format)" title="MII (videocassette format)">MII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P2_(storage_media)" title="P2 (storage media)">P2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viera_Cast" title="Viera Cast">Viera Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VX_(videocassette_format)" title="VX (videocassette format)">VX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dnosuke_Matsushita" title="Kōnosuke Matsushita">Kōnosuke Matsushita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masaharu_Matsushita" title="Masaharu Matsushita">Masaharu Matsushita</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E4%B8%8B%E6%AD%A3%E5%B9%B8" class="extiw" title="ja:松下正幸">Masayuki Matsushita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiro_Matsushita" title="Hiro Matsushita">Hiro Matsushita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirofumi_Hirano" title="Hirofumi Hirano">Hirofumi Hirano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshio_Iue" title="Toshio Iue">Toshio Iue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazuhiro_Tsuga" title="Kazuhiro Tsuga">Kazuhiro Tsuga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamba_Osaka" title="Gamba Osaka">Gamba Osaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaka_Bluteon" title="Osaka Bluteon">Osaka Bluteon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Wild_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Wild Knights">Panasonic Wild Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_(cycling_team)" title="Panasonic (cycling team)">Panasonic cycling team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_in_Formula_One" title="Toyota in Formula One">Panasonic Toyota Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Gobel_Awards" title="Panasonic Gobel Awards">Panasonic Gobel Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Impulse" title="Panasonic Impulse">Panasonic Impulse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Panasonic" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Panasonic">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304509#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1114" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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