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<li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"The_Rules_of_the_Road"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"The_Rules_of_the_Road""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>"The Rules of the Road"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"The_Rules_of_the_Road"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Move_to_Hollywood:_"The_Octopus"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Move_to_Hollywood:_"The_Octopus""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Move to Hollywood: "The Octopus"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Move_to_Hollywood:_"The_Octopus"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revue_Productions_and_the_early_days_of_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revue_Productions_and_the_early_days_of_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Revue Productions and the early days of television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revue_Productions_and_the_early_days_of_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Takeovers_of_Universal_Pictures_and_Decca_Records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Takeovers_of_Universal_Pictures_and_Decca_Records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Takeovers of Universal Pictures and Decca Records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Takeovers_of_Universal_Pictures_and_Decca_Records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Further expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years_as_Universal_Studios,_Inc." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years_as_Universal_Studios,_Inc."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Later years as Universal Studios, Inc.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years_as_Universal_Studios,_Inc.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vivendi_and_NBCUniversal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vivendi_and_NBCUniversal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Vivendi and NBCUniversal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vivendi_and_NBCUniversal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comcast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comcast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Comcast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comcast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universal_Filmed_Entertainment_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universal_Filmed_Entertainment_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Universal Filmed Entertainment Group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universal_Filmed_Entertainment_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Film library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the parent company. For the theme parks, see <a href="/wiki/Universal_Destinations_%26_Experiences" title="Universal Destinations & Experiences">Universal Destinations & Experiences</a>. For the film studio, see <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Duplication plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CFORK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CFORK">duplicates</a> the scope of other articles</b>, specifically <a href="/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc.">MCA Inc.</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a href="/wiki/Talk:Universal_Studios,_Inc." title="Talk:Universal Studios, Inc.">discuss this issue</a> and help introduce a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summary style</a> to the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Universal Studios, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Universal_Pictures_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Universal_Pictures_logo.svg/220px-Universal_Pictures_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Universal_Pictures_logo.svg/330px-Universal_Pictures_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Universal_Pictures_logo.svg/440px-Universal_Pictures_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="529" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since 2021</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Universal_City,_Comcast-NBCUniversal_Headquarters_New.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Universal_City%2C_Comcast-NBCUniversal_Headquarters_New.jpg/250px-Universal_City%2C_Comcast-NBCUniversal_Headquarters_New.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Universal_City%2C_Comcast-NBCUniversal_Headquarters_New.jpg/375px-Universal_City%2C_Comcast-NBCUniversal_Headquarters_New.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Universal_City%2C_Comcast-NBCUniversal_Headquarters_New.jpg/500px-Universal_City%2C_Comcast-NBCUniversal_Headquarters_New.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The headquarters at <a href="/wiki/10_Universal_City_Plaza" title="10 Universal City Plaza">10 Universal City Plaza</a> in <a href="/wiki/Universal_City,_California" title="Universal City, California">Universal City, California</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">Trade name</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Universal Studios</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc.">Music Corporation of America</a> (1924–1958)<br /><a href="/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc.">MCA Inc.</a> (1958–1996)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">Entertainment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">March 27, 1924<span class="noprint">; 100 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1924-03-27</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Stein" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Stein">Jules Stein</a><br />William R. Goodheart, Jr.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/10_Universal_City_Plaza" title="10 Universal City Plaza">10 Universal City Plaza</a>, <div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Universal_City,_California" title="Universal City, California">Universal City, California</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Langley" title="Donna Langley">Donna Langley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">chairwoman</a>,</li><li><a href="#Universal_Filmed_Entertainment_Group">Universal Filmed Entertainment Group</a>)<br />Peter Cramer (<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$11.622 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.</a> (1990–1995)<br /><a href="/wiki/Seagram" title="Seagram">Seagram</a> (1995–2000)<br /><a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi Universal SA</a> (2000–2004)<br /><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a> (2004–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures_Home_Entertainment" title="Universal Pictures Home Entertainment">Universal Pictures Home Entertainment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a></li><li>Universal Brand Development</li><li>Universal Global Talent Development and Inclusion</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Back Lot Music</li><li>Makeready <small>(co-backing with <a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Films" title="Lionsgate Films">Lionsgate</a>)</small></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://universalstudios.com">universalstudios<wbr />.com</a></span></li><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://universalpictures.com">universalpictures<wbr />.com</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Universal Studios, Inc.</b> (formerly as <b>MCA Inc.</b>, also known simply as <b>Universal</b>) is an American media and entertainment conglomerate owned by <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>, a division of <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a>. </p><p>Originally founded in 1924 as Music Corporation of America by <a href="/wiki/Jules_C._Stein" title="Jules C. Stein">Jules C. Stein</a> and William R. Goodheart Jr., the company became a major force in the film industry, and later expanded into television production. MCA published music, booked acts, ran a record company, represented film, television, and radio stars, and eventually produced and sold television programs to the three major <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> networks, especially <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Lot" title="Universal Studios Lot">studios</a> are located in <a href="/wiki/Universal_City,_California" title="Universal City, California">Universal City, California</a>, and its corporate offices are located in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Universal Studios was formed in 1924 by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Stein" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Stein">Jules Stein</a> and William R. Goodheart, Jr., as <b>Music Corporation of America</b>, a music booking agency based in <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>. MCA helped pioneer modern practices of touring bands and name acts. Early on, MCA booked such prominent artists as <a href="/wiki/King_Oliver" title="King Oliver">King Oliver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a> for clubs and <a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">speakeasies</a> run by legendary notorious Chicago mobsters such as <a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone">Al Capone</a> and others. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lew_Wasserman" title="Lew Wasserman">Lew Wasserman</a> joined MCA in 1936 at the age of 23 and rose through the ranks of MCA for more than four decades, with <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Werblin" title="Sonny Werblin">Sonny Werblin</a> as his right-hand man. Wasserman helped create MCA's radio show, <i><a href="/wiki/Kay_Kyser%27s_Kollege_of_Musical_Knowledge" title="Kay Kyser's Kollege of Musical Knowledge">Kay Kyser's Kollege of Musical Knowledge</a></i>, which debuted on <a href="/wiki/NBC_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC Radio">NBC Radio</a> that same year. Following that success, Stein installed Wasserman in New York City in 1937, but Wasserman convinced him that <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a> was the best place for the company's growth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""The_Rules_of_the_Road""><span id=".22The_Rules_of_the_Road.22"></span>"The Rules of the Road"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "The Rules of the Road""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MCA_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/MCA_Logo.svg/209px-MCA_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="209" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/MCA_Logo.svg/314px-MCA_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/MCA_Logo.svg/418px-MCA_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="80" /></a><figcaption>MCA Inc. Logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The company was guided by a codification of Stein's pet policies known as "The Rules of The Road".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rules were passed down from the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a> era, Chicago–area MCA (referenced in books like <i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Cohn" title="Citizen Cohn">Citizen Cohn</a></i> and <i>The King and Queen of Hollywood</i>) to the 1940s Los Angeles–area firm, which focused on representing movie actors. </p><p>The Rules were next passed to the 1950s generation of MCA talent agents, including <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Perenchio" title="Jerry Perenchio">Jerry Perenchio</a>, who later owned and headed a number of businesses including <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a> from 1992 to 2007. Perenchio was well known for his version of the Rules (up to twenty rules),<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which varied from year to year and had some internal contradictions (In 2006, Perenchio pointed out that while there was a "no nepotism" rule, he was aware his son was on the company's board of directors at the time).<sup id="cite_ref-Meg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Move_to_Hollywood:_"The_Octopus""><span id="Move_to_Hollywood:_.22The_Octopus.22"></span>Move to Hollywood: "The Octopus"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Move to Hollywood: "The Octopus""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1939, based on Wasserman's recommendation, MCA's headquarters moved from Chicago to <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>, creating a movie division. The company began to acquire talent agencies, representing established actors such as <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, whom Wasserman became very close with personally. In later decades, Wasserman became a guiding force in Reagan's political ambition by helping Reagan to win the presidency of the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a> (SAG), then election as Governor of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in 1966, and finally <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> in 1980. </p><p>By the end of the 1930s, MCA had become the largest <a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">talent agency</a> in the world, with over 700 clients, including movie stars, recording artists, Broadway actors, radio stars, and directors. The company's aggressive acquisition of clientele in all entertainment sectors earned MCA the nickname of "The Octopus".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's activities led <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> agents to investigate not only whether MCA was a <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> breaking antitrust laws, but also its suspected connections to underworld criminal activities. This investigation continued for the next few decades.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revue_Productions_and_the_early_days_of_television">Revue Productions and the early days of television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Revue Productions and the early days of television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1948, Jules Stein moved up as MCA's first chairman, giving Lew Wasserman charge of day-to-day operations of the company as president. That year, Stein and Wasserman decided to get into a new medium that would soon change the entertainment industry: <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>. Although many motion picture studios would not touch this new medium, thinking it was just a fad and would fade away, MCA decided to embrace it. First, however, the company needed to get a waiver from the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a>, which ruled at the time that talent agencies such as MCA were prohibited from producing TV shows or films. Thanks to the newly elected SAG president, Ronald Reagan (an MCA client), MCA was granted a waiver to start producing TV shows.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the waiver was granted, the company formed MCA Television Limited for <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">syndication</a>. In 1950, <a href="/wiki/Revue_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Revue Productions">Revue Productions</a>, once a live concert promotion division that produced "Stage Door Canteen" live events for the <a href="/wiki/USO" class="mw-redirect" title="USO">USO</a> during World War II, was re-launched as MCA's television production subsidiary. By 1956, Revue became the top supplier of television for all broadcast networks, spanning three decades of television programs such as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armour_Theater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armour Theater (page does not exist)">Armour Theater</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Theater" title="General Electric Theater">General Electric Theater</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fireside_Theatre" title="Fireside Theatre">The Jane Wyman Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Leave_It_to_Beaver" title="Leave It to Beaver">Leave It to Beaver</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wagon_Train" title="Wagon Train">Wagon Train</a></i>, and many others. Prior to 1958, all Revue's shows were filmed at the old <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a> studio lot in <a href="/wiki/Studio_City,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Studio City, California">Studio City, California</a>. </p><p>In February 1958, MCA acquired <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>' pre-1950 sound feature film library<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Dreams_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Dreams-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for $10 million, through a newly created MCA subsidiary, <a href="/wiki/EMKA,_Ltd." title="EMKA, Ltd.">EMKA, Ltd.</a> </p><p>In December 1958, MCA bought the 423-acre (1.71 km<sup>2</sup>) Universal Studios lot from <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> for $11,250,000 and renamed it, as well as the actual television unit, <a href="/wiki/Revue_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Revue Studios">Revue Studios</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the deal, MCA leased the studios back to Universal for $2 million a year, plus unlimited access to MCA's clients such as Jimmy Stewart, <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hudson" title="Rock Hudson">Rock Hudson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> to make films for Universal. </p><p>Stein, who by this time was the sole owner of MCA, decided to take the company public by giving 51% of his ownership of MCA to his employees, which included a 20% stake for <a href="/wiki/Lew_Wasserman" title="Lew Wasserman">Wasserman</a>. The company went <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">public</a> on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> and was incorporated as MCA Inc. on November 10, 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A couple of years later, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> gave MCA his rights to <i><a href="/wiki/Psycho_(1960_film)" title="Psycho (1960 film)">Psycho</a></i> and his television anthology in exchange for 150,000 shares, making him the third largest investor in MCA, and his own boss at Universal.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Takeovers_of_Universal_Pictures_and_Decca_Records">Takeovers of Universal Pictures and Decca Records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Takeovers of Universal Pictures and Decca Records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 18, 1962, <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a> shareholders agreed to MCA's buyout offer<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the record label had entered into talks about a <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">merger</a> that April.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decca at the time owned <a href="/wiki/Coral_Records" title="Coral Records">Coral Records</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Records" title="Brunswick Records">Brunswick Records</a>, and an 89% stake in <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures Company, Inc.</a> </p><p>On July 13, 1962, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> filed suit against MCA, charging that its acquisition of Decca's controlling interest in Universal violated <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust</a> laws.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to retain Universal, MCA would have to close its talent agency, which represented most of the industry's biggest names (a select few handled by Wasserman personally). In reality, MCA's talent agency arm became defunct the day the DOJ filed the suit; dissolving it that October was a mere formality.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MCA's now-former agents quickly formed new agencies, many of which are woven into the corporate fabric of today's talent management; <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Perenchio" title="Jerry Perenchio">Jerry Perenchio</a>'s Chartwell Artists represented <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a>. Former MCA agents <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Fields" title="Freddie Fields">Freddie Fields</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Begelman" title="David Begelman">David Begelman</a> formed <a href="/wiki/Creative_Management_Associates" title="Creative Management Associates">Creative Management Associates</a>, another important new agency. </p><p>By the end of 1962, MCA assumed full ownership of Universal. </p><p>In 1964, MCA entered the music publishing business when it acquired <a href="/wiki/Lou_Levy_(publisher)" title="Lou Levy (publisher)">Lou Levy</a>'s Leeds Music,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and formed Universal City Studios the same year in effort to merge under one umbrella both Universal Pictures and its Revue Studios division, which was later reincorporated as <a href="/wiki/Universal_Television" title="Universal Television">Universal Television</a> in 1966. </p><p>On July 15, 1964, MCA established the <a href="/wiki/Studio_Tour" title="Studio Tour">Studio Tour</a>, which provided guests a behind-the-scenes glimpse of film and television production at Universal Studios. This established a footprint of what is now known as <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a> <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">theme park</a>. Over the next few decades, similar parks were built and expanded under MCA for <a href="/wiki/Universal_Orlando" title="Universal Orlando">Universal Orlando</a> Resort in <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Japan" title="Universal Studios Japan">Universal Studios Japan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>. </p><p>In 1966, MCA formed <a href="/wiki/Uni_Records" title="Uni Records">Uni Records</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1967, MCA bought New York–based <a href="/wiki/Kapp_Records" title="Kapp Records">Kapp Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year MCA also acquired guitar maker <a href="/wiki/Danelectro" title="Danelectro">Danelectro</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and mall retailer <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Gifts" title="Spencer Gifts">Spencer Gifts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_expansion">Further expansion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1967, the <a href="/wiki/MCA_Records" title="MCA Records">MCA Records</a> label was established outside the United States and Canada to issue releases by the MCA group of labels. Decca, Kapp, and Uni were merged into MCA Records at <a href="/wiki/Universal_City,_California" title="Universal City, California">Universal City, California</a> in 1971; the three labels maintained their identities for a short time but were soon retired in favor of the MCA label. The first MCA Records release in the US was former Uni artist <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Crocodile_Rock" title="Crocodile Rock">Crocodile Rock</a>" in 1972. In 1973, the final Decca pop label release, "<a href="/wiki/Drift_Away" title="Drift Away">Drift Away</a>", a #5 pop hit by <a href="/wiki/Dobie_Gray" title="Dobie Gray">Dobie Gray</a>, was issued. </p><p>MCA had two failed mergers in 1969. Initially, it planned a merger with <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Electric Corporation">Westinghouse Electric Corporation</a> but that collapsed in April, and in July, they announced a proposed merger with the <a href="/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company">Firestone Tire and Rubber Company</a>, but this too was called off in September.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, Stein stepped down from the company he founded and Wasserman took over as chairman and chief executive officer, while <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sheinberg" title="Sidney Sheinberg">Sidney Sheinberg</a> was appointed president and chief operating officer of MCA.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other executives within MCA were Lawrence R. Barnett, who ran the agency's live acts division during its glory agency years in the 1950s and 1960s, and <a href="/wiki/Ned_Tanen" title="Ned Tanen">Ned Tanen</a>, head of <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>. Tanen was behind Universal hits such as <i><a href="/wiki/Animal_House" title="Animal House">Animal House</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Hughes_(filmmaker)" title="John Hughes (filmmaker)">John Hughes</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Candles" title="Sixteen Candles">Sixteen Candles</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Breakfast_Club" title="The Breakfast Club">The Breakfast Club</a></i>. </p><p>MCA issued soundtrack albums for most films released by Universal Pictures. </p><p>In 1975, the company entered the <a href="/wiki/Book_publisher" class="mw-redirect" title="Book publisher">book publishing</a> business with the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">G. P. Putnam's Sons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, it acquired <a href="/wiki/ABC_Records" title="ABC Records">ABC Records</a> along with its subsidiaries <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Records_(1969)" title="Paramount Records (1969)">Paramount Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impulse!_Records" title="Impulse! Records">Impulse! Records</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dot_Records" title="Dot Records">Dot Records</a>. ABC had acquired the Paramount and Dot labels when it purchased <a href="/wiki/Gulf_and_Western_Industries" title="Gulf and Western Industries">Gulf+Western</a>'s record labels in 1974, then the parent company of <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>. </p><p>From 1983 to 1989, <a href="/wiki/Irving_Azoff" title="Irving Azoff">Irving Azoff</a> was chairman of MCA Records and is credited for turning around the fortunes of the label.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chess_Records" title="Chess Records">Chess Records</a> catalog was acquired from the remnants of Sugarhill in 1985. <a href="/wiki/Motown_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown Records">Motown Records</a> was bought in 1988 (and sold to <a href="/wiki/PolyGram" title="PolyGram">PolyGram</a> in 1993).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/GRP_Records" title="GRP Records">GRP Records</a> (which became for some years MCA's <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> music label and thus began managing the company's jazz catalogue) and <a href="/wiki/Geffen_Records" title="Geffen Records">Geffen Records</a> (which served as another mainstream music subsidiary) were acquired in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MCA also acquired other assets outside of the music industry. It became a shareholder in <a href="/wiki/USA_Network" title="USA Network">USA Network</a> in 1981, eventually owning 50% of the network (the other half was owned by Paramount).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, its publishing division, G. P. Putnam's Sons, bought <a href="/wiki/Grosset_%26_Dunlap" title="Grosset & Dunlap">Grosset & Dunlap</a> from <a href="/wiki/Filmways" title="Filmways">Filmways</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, MCA bought <a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz_Productions" title="Walter Lantz Productions">Walter Lantz Productions</a> and its characters, including <a href="/wiki/Woody_Woodpecker" title="Woody Woodpecker">Woody Woodpecker</a>. In 1985, MCA bought toy and video game company <a href="/wiki/LJN" title="LJN">LJN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also bought a TV station in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/WWOR-TV" title="WWOR-TV">WWOR-TV</a> (renamed from WOR-TV), in 1987, from <a href="/wiki/RKO_General" title="RKO General">RKO General</a> subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/GenCorp" class="mw-redirect" title="GenCorp">GenCorp</a>, which was in the midst of a licensing scandal. </p><p>In 1982, MCA decided to start out its video game unit, MCA Video Games, led by technicians of the <a href="/wiki/DiscoVision" title="DiscoVision">MCA DiscoVision</a> unit.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, MCA Videogames, the <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> division of MCA itself and video game developer/publisher <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari Inc.</a> entered into a partnership to start out Studio Games, a joint venture that would develop video games based on MCA's film and television properties, most notably from then-sister Universal Pictures, and decided that they would give them access to all motion picture and television properties coming from the unit.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, MCA hired <a href="/wiki/Hanna-Barbera" title="Hanna-Barbera">Hanna-Barbera</a> executive Jeff Segal in order to start out its MCA Family Entertainment arm (aka Universal Family Entertainment) and had <a href="/wiki/Universal_Animation_Studios" title="Universal Animation Studios">Universal Cartoon Studios</a> as its subsidiary.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years_as_Universal_Studios,_Inc."><span id="Later_years_as_Universal_Studios.2C_Inc."></span>Later years as Universal Studios, Inc.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later years as Universal Studios, Inc."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 26, 1990, Japanese multinational conglomerate <a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Corporation">Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.</a> agreed to acquire MCA for US$6.59 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MCA was forced to sell New York City's WWOR-TV in 1991 to Pinelands, Inc. because of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) rules that foreign companies could not own over 25% of a U.S. TV station. </p><p>In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Seagram" title="Seagram">Seagram</a> acquired 80% of MCA from Matsushita.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 26, 1996, MCA announced that it would acquire television syndication company <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Entertainment" title="Multimedia Entertainment">Multimedia Entertainment</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gannett" title="Gannett">Gannett</a>, who acquired <a href="/wiki/Multimedia,_Inc." title="Multimedia, Inc.">its parent company</a> in 1995, for $40 million.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 9, 1996, the new owners dropped the MCA name; the company became Universal Studios, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and MCA's music division, MCA Music Entertainment Group, was renamed <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a>. MCA Records continued to live on as a label within the Universal Music Group. The following year, G. P. Putnam's Sons was sold to the <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a> subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Pearson_PLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearson PLC">Pearson PLC</a>. </p><p>In 1996, Universal Studios filed a lawsuit against <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(1952%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom (1952–2006)">Viacom</a> over the latter's launch of the <a href="/wiki/TV_Land" title="TV Land">TV Land</a> cable network. Viacom had purchased Paramount in 1994, and the contract for USA Network prohibited either of their owners from owning cable channels outside the joint venture.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Viacom had owned <a href="/wiki/Viacom_Media_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom Media Networks">MTV Networks</a> (the parent of TV Land) since 1985. The suit was settled when Viacom sold MCA its half of the joint venture. TV Land eventually added shows from the MCA/Universal library in 1999. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vivendi_and_NBCUniversal">Vivendi and NBCUniversal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Vivendi and NBCUniversal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To raise money, Seagram head <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bronfman_Jr." title="Edgar Bronfman Jr.">Edgar Bronfman Jr.</a> sold Universal's television holdings, including cable network <a href="/wiki/USA_Network" title="USA Network">USA</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Barry_Diller" title="Barry Diller">Barry Diller</a> (these same properties would be bought back later at greatly inflated prices). In June 2000, Seagram was sold to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> water utility and media company <a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a>, which owned <a href="/wiki/StudioCanal" title="StudioCanal">StudioCanal</a>; the conglomerate then became known as Vivendi Universal. </p><p>In the spring of 2003, MCA Records was folded into <a href="/wiki/Geffen_Records" title="Geffen Records">Geffen Records</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> label, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group_Nashville" title="Universal Music Group Nashville">MCA Nashville Records</a>, is still in operation. MCA's classical music catalog is managed by <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Grammophon" title="Deutsche Grammophon">Deutsche Grammophon</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Burdened with debt, in 2004, Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> (GE), parent of <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the sale of Universal to NBC and GE did not include <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a>, which had been a part of the film company since 1962. UMG was placed under separate management through Vivendi.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting company was named <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006. </p><p>In late 2005, Viacom's <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> acquired <a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Pictures" title="DreamWorks Pictures">DreamWorks SKG</a> after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long-time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice chairman <a href="/wiki/Marc_Shmuger" title="Marc Shmuger">Marc Shmuger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a> head <a href="/wiki/David_Linde" title="David Linde">David Linde</a>. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted, and their co-chairperson jobs were consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson, becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal.<sup id="cite_ref-tw_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tw-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCUniversal in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-vivendiinitsale_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vivendiinitsale-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comcast">Comcast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Comcast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GE sold 51% of the company to cable provider <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> in 2011. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current NBCUniversal. Following <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) approval, the Comcast-GE deal was closed on January 29, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-dl_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dl-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Universal_Filmed_Entertainment_Group">Universal Filmed Entertainment Group</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Universal Filmed Entertainment Group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Universal Filmed Entertainment Group (UFEG) is an organizational unit within Universal Studios,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a entertainment company and a division of <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>, which is a division of <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast Corporation</a>. UFEG functions as a coordinated framework encompassing various subsidiary companies and divisions responsible for the creation, marketing, and distribution of films and audiovisual content. UFEG operates under the umbrella of Universal Studios, serving as a key division overseeing several entities, including Universal Studios, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures_Home_Entertainment" title="Universal Pictures Home Entertainment">Universal Pictures Home Entertainment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illumination_(company)" title="Illumination (company)">Illumination</a>, <a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a>. The CEO of Universal Filmed Entertainment Group is <a href="/wiki/Donna_Langley" title="Donna Langley">Donna Langley</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="text-align:center;">Studio units </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; width:20%;">Production </th> <th style="text-align:center; width:20%;">Distribution </th> <th style="text-align:center; width:20%;">Other </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Live-action</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Focus_Features#Focus_World" title="Focus Features">Focus World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Title_Films" title="Working Title Films">Working Title Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Partners" title="Amblin Partners">Amblin Partners</a> (JV)</li></ul> <hr /><b>Animation</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illumination_(company)" title="Illumination (company)">Illumination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illumination_Studios_Paris" title="Illumination Studios Paris">Illumination Studios Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Animation_Studios" title="Universal Animation Studios">Universal Animation Studios</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Universal Studios <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> <ul><li>Universal Pictures International</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures_Home_Entertainment" title="Universal Pictures Home Entertainment">Universal Pictures Home Entertainment</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_International_Pictures" title="United International Pictures">United International Pictures</a> (50%)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_Entertainment_Japan" title="NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan">NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Classics" title="DreamWorks Classics">Classic Media</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Units">Units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> <ul><li>Universal Pictures International</li> <li>Universal International Distribution</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures_Home_Entertainment" title="Universal Pictures Home Entertainment">Universal Pictures Home Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Home_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Home Entertainment">Universal Home Entertainment Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_1440_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal 1440 Entertainment">Universal 1440 Entertainment</a></li> <li>DreamWorks Animation Home Entertainment</li> <li>Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment Australia (joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Home_Entertainment" title="Sony Pictures Home Entertainment">Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</a>)</li> <li>Universal Playback</li> <li>Studio Distribution Services (joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_Home_Entertainment" title="Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment">Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illumination_(company)" title="Illumination (company)">Illumination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illumination_Studios_Paris" title="Illumination Studios Paris">Illumination Studios Paris</a></li> <li>Illumination Labs</li> <li>Moonlight</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation_Television" title="DreamWorks Animation Television">DreamWorks Animation Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Classics" title="DreamWorks Classics">DreamWorks Classics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Idea_Entertainment" title="Big Idea Entertainment">Big Idea Entertainment</a> (in-name-only unit of DreamWorks Animation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Ward_Productions#Jay_Ward_Productions_today" title="Jay Ward Productions">Bullwinkle Studios</a> (JV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Entertainment">Harvey Entertainment</a> (in-name-only unit of DreamWorks Animation)</li></ul></li> <li>DreamWorks Theatricals</li> <li>DreamWorks New Media <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorksTV" class="mw-redirect" title="DreamWorksTV">DreamWorksTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Press</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a></li></ul></li> <li>Universal Pictures International Entertainment <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_Entertainment_Japan" title="NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan">NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Title_Films" title="Working Title Films">Working Title Films</a> <ul><li>WT<sup>2</sup> Productions</li> <li>Working Title Television</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_Telecine" title="Rede Telecine">Rede Telecine</a> (12.5%, joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Canais_Globo" class="mw-redirect" title="Canais Globo">Canais Globo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_(division)" title="Walt Disney Studios (division)">Walt Disney Studios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a>)</li> <li>Universal Brand Development</li> <li>Universal Global Talent Development and Inclusion</li> <li>Universal Products & Experiences</li> <li>Back Lot Music</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_International_Pictures" title="United International Pictures">United International Pictures</a> (50%, joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Partners" title="Amblin Partners">Amblin Partners</a> (minor stake)<sup id="cite_ref-variety1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deadline1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadline1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (JV)<sup id="cite_ref-NBCUniversal_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBCUniversal-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Entertainment" title="Amblin Entertainment">Amblin Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Television" title="Amblin Television">Amblin Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Pictures" title="DreamWorks Pictures">DreamWorks Pictures</a></li> <li>Storyteller Distribution<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_library">Film library</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Film library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Universal Studios holds the rights to the film library through its divisions and subsidiaries such as <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Animation_Studios" title="Universal Animation Studios">Universal Animation Studios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illumination_(company)" title="Illumination (company)">Illumination</a>, and <a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Universal_Pictures_films" title="Lists of Universal Pictures films">Lists of Universal Pictures films</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCA_Records" title="MCA Records">MCA Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCA_Whitney_Recording_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="MCA Whitney Recording Studio">MCA Whitney Recording Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagram" title="Seagram">Seagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Studios,_Inc.&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrautigam2016" class="citation web cs1">Brautigam, Karl (August 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@kbrautigam/the-rules-of-the-road-49db7b2dc700">"The Rules of the Road"</a>. Medium.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rules+of+the+Road&rft.pub=Medium.com&rft.date=2016-08-11&rft.aulast=Brautigam&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40kbrautigam%2Fthe-rules-of-the-road-49db7b2dc700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Studios%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSJ-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WSJ_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WSJ_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB934494792586535527">"Jerry Perenchio's 20 'Rules of the Road'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. August 13, 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Jerry+Perenchio%27s+20+%27Rules+of+the+Road%27&rft.date=1999-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB934494792586535527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Studios%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meg-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meg_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2006" class="citation news cs1">James, Meg (June 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-jun-20-fi-perenchio20-story.html">"A Hollywood Player Who Owns the Game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=A+Hollywood+Player+Who+Owns+the+Game&rft.date=2006-06-20&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2006-jun-20-fi-perenchio20-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Studios%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,896402,00.html">"Public Policy: After the Octopus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. July 20, 1962.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Public+Policy%3A+After+the+Octopus&rft.date=1962-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2F0%2C33009%2C896402%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Studios%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppelo1993" class="citation magazine cs1">Appelo, Tim (April 30, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/1993/04/30/stiffed-true-story-mca-music-business-and-mafia/">"Stiffed: A True Story of MCA, The Music Business, and the Mafia"</a>. <i>Entertainment Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Stiffed%3A+A+True+Story+of+MCA%2C+The+Music+Business%2C+and+the+Mafia&rft.date=1993-04-30&rft.aulast=Appelo&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F1993%2F04%2F30%2Fstiffed-true-story-mca-music-business-and-mafia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Studios%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAP1986" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP</a> (Sep 21, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/21/us/reagan-was-a-subject-of-60-s-screen-inquiry.html">"REAGAN WAS A SUBJECT OF 60's SCREEN INQUIRY"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <q>In 1952, when Mr. Reagan was president of the actors' union and MCA was his talent agent, the company got a special waiver from SAG's rules that allowed it to engage in unlimited production of television shows. That let MCA act both as an employer of actors and as their talent agent, supposed to negotiate the best terms for them. MCA, then the largest talent agency in Hollywood, was the only one ever given such a blanket exemption.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=REAGAN+WAS+A+SUBJECT+OF+60%27s+SCREEN+INQUIRY&rft.date=1986-09-21&rft.au=AP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F09%2F21%2Fus%2Freagan-was-a-subject-of-60-s-screen-inquiry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Studios%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApplegate1990" class="citation news cs1">Applegate, Jane (November 27, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-11-27-fi-5451-story.html">"The History of MCA"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=The+History+of+MCA&rft.date=1990-11-27&rft.aulast=Applegate&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1990-11-27-fi-5451-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Studios%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2003/04/21/the-monopolist">"The Monopolist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. April 21, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved on 2013-12-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRebello1990" class="citation book cs1">Rebello, Stephen (1990). <i>Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Holders+of+Decca+Approve+MCA+Offer&rft.date=1962-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1962%2F06%2F19%2Farchives%2Fholders-of-decca-approve-mca-offer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Studios%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1962/04/11/archives/decca-records-holding-talks-with-mca-on-plan-for-merger-decca.html">"Decca Records Holding Talks With MCA on Plan for Merger"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Decca+Records+Holding+Talks+With+MCA+on+Plan+for+Merger&rft.date=1962-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1962%2F04%2F11%2Farchives%2Fdecca-records-holding-talks-with-mca-on-plan-for-merger-decca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Studios%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1962/07/14/archives/mca-is-accused-in-antitrust-suit-of-dominating-tv-us-civil-action.html">"MCA is Accused in Antitrust Suit of Dominating TV"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MCA+BUYS+LEEDS%2C+MUSIC+PUBLISHER%3B+Entertainment+Concern+Gets+Assets+and+Copyrights&rft.date=1964-11-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1964%2F11%2F26%2Farchives%2Fmca-buys-leeds-music-publisher-entertainment-concern-gets-assets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Studios%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwardsEyriesCallahan2007" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Dave; Eyries, Patrice; Callahan, Mike (October 13, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013213311/http://www.bsnpubs.com/mca/uni.html">"Universal City Records [UNI] Album Discography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsnpubs.com/mca/uni.html">the original</a> on 2007-10-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Universal+City+Records+%5BUNI%5D+Album+Discography&rft.date=2007-10-13&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft.au=Eyries%2C+Patrice&rft.au=Callahan%2C+Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsnpubs.com%2Fmca%2Funi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+Studios%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MygEAAAAMBAJ">"MCA Buys Kapp in New Surge to be a Major Record Complex"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. 1967-12-09. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MygEAAAAMBAJ/page/n76">7</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NBCUniversal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NBCUniversal" title="Template:NBCUniversal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NBCUniversal" title="Template talk:NBCUniversal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NBCUniversal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NBCUniversal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NBCUniversal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A division of <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc.">MCA Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PolyGram" title="PolyGram">PolyGram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagram" title="Seagram">Seagram Company Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi Universal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Ebersol" title="Dick Ebersol">Dick Ebersol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Hammer" title="Bonnie Hammer">Bonnie Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Langley" title="Donna Langley">Donna Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Burke_(businessman)" title="Steve Burke (businessman)">Steve Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearlena_Igbokwe" title="Pearlena Igbokwe">Pearlena Igbokwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Oppenheim" title="Noah Oppenheim">Noah Oppenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Conde" title="Cesar Conde">Cesar Conde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Universal Filmed<br />Entertainment Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_Lot_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Back Lot Music">Back Lot Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illumination_(company)" title="Illumination (company)">Illumination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illumination_Studios_Paris" title="Illumination Studios Paris">Illumination Studios Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_Entertainment_Japan" title="NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan">NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_International_Pictures" title="United International Pictures">United International Pictures</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Animation_Studios" title="Universal Animation Studios">Universal Animation Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures_Home_Entertainment" title="Universal Pictures Home Entertainment">Universal Pictures Home Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Title_Films" title="Working Title Films">Working Title Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Partners" title="Amblin Partners">Amblin Partners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Entertainment" title="Amblin Entertainment">Amblin Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Pictures" title="DreamWorks Pictures">DreamWorks Pictures</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studio_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Studio Group">Universal<br />Studio Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Television" title="Universal Television">Universal Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Content_Productions" title="Universal Content Productions">Universal Content Productions</a></li> <li>Universal International Studios <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Films" title="Carnival Films">Carnival Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matchbox_Pictures" title="Matchbox Pictures">Matchbox Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation_Television" title="DreamWorks Animation Television">DreamWorks Animation Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Classics" title="DreamWorks Classics">DreamWorks Classics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Idea_Entertainment" title="Big Idea Entertainment">Big Idea Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Ward_Productions" title="Jay Ward Productions">Bullwinkle Studios</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Films">Harvey Entertainment</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Destinations_%26_Experiences" title="Universal Destinations & Experiences">Destinations<br />& Experiences Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_CityWalk" title="Universal CityWalk">CityWalk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Orlando" title="Universal Orlando">Universal Orlando</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Florida" title="Universal Studios Florida">Universal Studios Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Adventure" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Adventure">Islands of Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_CityWalk" title="Universal CityWalk">CityWalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Epic_Universe" title="Universal Epic Universe">Epic Universe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Kids_Resort" title="Universal Kids Resort">Universal Kids Resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Horror_Unleashed" title="Universal Horror Unleashed">Universal Horror Unleashed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Japan" title="Universal Studios Japan">Universal Studios Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Singapore" title="Universal Studios Singapore">Universal Studios Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Beijing" title="Universal Beijing">Universal Beijing Resort</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Beijing" title="Universal Studios Beijing">Universal Studios Beijing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_United_Kingdom" title="Universal Studios United Kingdom">Universal Studios United Kingdom</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_Media_Group" title="NBCUniversal Media Group">Media Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_(American_TV_network)" title="Bravo (American TV network)">Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!" title="E!">E!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy" title="Syfy">Syfy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Network" title="USA Network">USA Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Kids" title="Universal Kids">Universal Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_channel)" title="Oxygen (TV channel)">Oxygen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streaming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayu_(streaming_service)" title="Hayu (streaming service)">Hayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)" title="Peacock (streaming service)">Peacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PictureBox_Films" title="PictureBox Films">PictureBox Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango Media</a> (70%) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fandango_at_Home" title="Fandango at Home">Fandango at Home</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Group" title="NBC Sports Group">NBC<br />Sports Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Olympic_broadcasts" title="NBC Olympic broadcasts">NBC Olympics</a></li> <li>NBC Sports Ventures <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alli_Sports" title="Alli Sports">Alli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_Channel" title="Golf Channel">Golf Channel</a></li> <li>NBC Sports Digital <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GolfNow" title="GolfNow">GolfNow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports" title="NBC Sports">NBC Sports</a></li> <li>part owner <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Network" title="MLB Network">MLB Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHL_Network_(U.S._TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL Network (U.S. TV network)">NHL Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Regional_Networks" title="NBC Sports Regional Networks">Regional Networks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Bay_Area" title="NBC Sports Bay Area">Bay Area</a> (45%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Boston" title="NBC Sports Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_California" title="NBC Sports California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Philadelphia" title="NBC Sports Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNY" title="SNY">SNY</a> (8%)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_International_Networks" title="NBCUniversal International Networks">International<br />Networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NBCUniversal_International_Networks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NBCUniversal_International_Networks" title="Template:NBCUniversal International Networks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NBCUniversal_International_Networks" title="Template talk:NBCUniversal International Networks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NBCUniversal_International_Networks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NBCUniversal International Networks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NBCUniversal_International_Networks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_International_Networks" title="NBCUniversal International Networks">NBCUniversal International Networks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size: 90%;"><div><span style="font-size:85%;">A division of <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Channel" title="DreamWorks Channel">DreamWorks Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_Channel" title="Golf Channel">Golf Channel</a> (Indonesia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia & New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bravo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bravo (New Zealand)">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7Bravo" title="7Bravo">Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Universal TV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Universal TV (Australian TV channel)">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV_(New_Zealand)" title="Universal TV (New Zealand)">New Zealand</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe, Middle East and Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13th_Street_(TV_channel)" title="13th Street (TV channel)">13th Street</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13%C3%A8me_Rue_Universal" class="mw-redirect" title="13ème Rue Universal">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Street_(German_TV_channel)" title="13th Street (German TV channel)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calle_13_(TV_channel)" title="Calle 13 (TV channel)">Spain & Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_Ulica" class="extiw" title="pl:13 Ulica">Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Channel" title="DreamWorks Channel">DreamWorks Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_(TV_network)" title="Diva (TV network)">Diva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!_(European_TV_channel)" title="E! (European TV channel)">E!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_Channel" title="Golf Channel">Golf Channel</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movies_24" title="Movies 24">Movies 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_Universal" class="mw-redirect" title="Syfy Universal">Syfy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syfy (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syfy (Germany)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci_Fi_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="Sci Fi (Polish TV channel)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Portuguese_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Portuguese TV channel)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syfy (Spain)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(UK_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syfy (UK and Ireland)">UK & Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Universal" title="Studio Universal">Studio Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_Africa" title="Telemundo Africa">Telemundo Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal TV (Germany)">Universal TV Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin America & Brazil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV" title="Universal TV">Universal TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!" title="E!">E!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_Channel" title="Golf Channel">Golf Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Universal_(Latin_America)" title="Studio Universal (Latin America)">Studio Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Network_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="USA Network (Latin American TV channel)">USA Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_Internacional" title="Telemundo Internacional">Telemundo Internacional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Channel" title="DreamWorks Channel">DreamWorks Channel</a></li> <li>Universal+ (outside of Brazil)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13th_Street_(TV_channel)" title="13th Street (TV channel)">13th Street Netherlands and Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Street_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="13th Street (Australian TV channel)">13th Street Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_TV" title="Diva TV">Diva TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_Universal_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diva Universal (Italy)">Diva Universal Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_(Asian_TV_channel)" title="Diva (Asian TV channel)">Diva Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!_(Asian_TV_channel)" title="E! (Asian TV channel)">E! Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!_(Australia_and_New_Zealand)" title="E! (Australia and New Zealand)">E! Australia and New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Channel_(international)" title="Hallmark Channel (international)">Hallmark Channel International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Channel_(international)" title="Hallmark Channel (international)">Hallmark Channel Benelux & Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KidsCo" title="KidsCo">KidsCo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci_Fi_(Romanian_TV_channel)" title="Sci Fi (Romanian TV channel)">Sci Fi Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_(TV_channel)" title="Steel (TV channel)">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_Network_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Style Network (Australian TV channel)">Style Network Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Dutch TV channel)">Syfy Netherlands and Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Russian TV channel)">Syfy Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Asian_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Asian TV channel)">Syfy Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Australian TV channel)">Syfy Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Latin American TV channel)">Syfy Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Greek_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Greek TV channel)">Universal Channel Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Polish TV channel)">Universal Channel Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Turkish_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Turkish TV channel)">Universal Channel Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Japanese_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Japanese TV channel)">Universal Channel Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Asian_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Asian TV channel)">Universal Channel Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Universal TV (British and Irish TV channel)">Universal TV UK & Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Distribution <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_Syndication_Studios" title="NBCUniversal Syndication Studios">Domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_Global_Distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="NBCUniversal Global Distribution">International</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Telemundo Enterprises Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_of_Puerto_Rico_Studios" title="Telemundo of Puerto Rico Studios">Puerto Rico Studios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Telemundo Studios">Telemundo Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universo_(TV_channel)" title="Universo (TV channel)">Universo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_Deportes" title="Telemundo Deportes">Telemundo Deportes</a><sup>w/NBC Sports Group</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noticias_Telemundo" title="Noticias Telemundo">Noticias Telemundo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_Television_and_Streaming#NBCUniversal_Owned_Television_Stations" class="mw-redirect" title="NBCUniversal Television and Streaming">Local Group</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">O&Os</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NBC_Owned_Television_Stations" title="NBC Owned Television Stations">NBC Owned<br />TV Stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KNBC" title="KNBC">KNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNSD" title="KNSD">KNSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNTV" title="KNTV">KNTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXAS-TV" title="KXAS-TV">KXAS-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBTS-CD" title="WBTS-CD">WBTS-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCAU" title="WCAU">WCAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMAQ-TV" title="WMAQ-TV">WMAQ-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNBC" title="WNBC">WNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRC-TV" title="WRC-TV">WRC-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTVJ" title="WTVJ">WTVJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVIT" title="WVIT">WVIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K15CU-D" title="K15CU-D">K15CU-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KASA-TV" title="KASA-TV">KTEL-TV</a></li> <li>Other properties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cozi_TV" title="Cozi TV">Cozi TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXTV" title="LXTV">NBC LX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC_LX_Home" title="NBC LX Home">NBC LX Home</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Cable_News" title="New England Cable News">NECN</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_Station_Group" title="Telemundo Station Group">Telemundo<br />Station Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KASA-TV" title="KASA-TV">KASA-TV/KTEL-CD/KUPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBLR_(TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="KBLR (TV)">KBLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCSO-LD" title="KCSO-LD">KCSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDEN-TV" title="KDEN-TV">KDEN-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHRR" title="KHRR">KHRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNSO" title="KNSO">KNSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSTS" title="KSTS">KSTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTAZ" title="KTAZ">KTAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTDO" title="KTDO">KTDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTLM" title="KTLM">KTLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTMD" title="KTMD">KTMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTMW" title="KTMW">KTMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUAN-LD" title="KUAN-LD">KUAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVDA" title="KVDA">KVDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVEA" title="KVEA">KVEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXTX-TV" title="KXTX-TV">KXTX-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKAQ-TV" title="WKAQ-TV">WKAQ-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNEU" title="WNEU">WNEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNJU" title="WNJU">WNJU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRDM-CD" title="WRDM-CD">WRDM-CD/WDMR-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRIW-CD" title="WRIW-CD">WRIW-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRMD-CD" title="WRMD-CD">WRMD-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRTD-CD" title="WRTD-CD">WRTD-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSCV" title="WSCV">WSCV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSNS-TV" title="WSNS-TV">WSNS-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTMO-CD" title="WTMO-CD">WTMO-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWSI" title="WWSI">WWSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWDT-CD" title="WWDT-CD">WWDT-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYCN-LD" title="WYCN-LD">WYCN-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZTD-LD" title="WZTD-LD">WZTD-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZDC-CD" title="WZDC-CD">WZDC-CD</a></li> <li><b>Other properties:</b> <a href="/wiki/TeleXitos" title="TeleXitos">TeleXitos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Affiliate relations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NBC_television_affiliates_(table)" title="List of NBC television affiliates (table)">NBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Telemundo_affiliates_(table)" title="List of Telemundo affiliates (table)">Telemundo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMKA,_Ltd." title="EMKA, Ltd.">EMKA, Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Media_Distribution" title="International Media Distribution">International Media Distribution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_News_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="NBCUniversal News Group">News Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCNews.com" title="NBCNews.com">NBCNews.com</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Out" title="NBC Out">NBC Out</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CNBC global channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Africa" title="CNBC Africa">Africa</a> (licensee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Asia" title="CNBC Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="CNBC Brazil">Brazil</a> (licensee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Europe" title="CNBC Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_World" title="CNBC World">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Europe" title="CNBC Europe">CNBC Europe</a> branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Class_CNBC" title="Class CNBC">Class CNBC</a> (20%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC-e" title="CNBC-e">CNBC-e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Africa" title="CNBC Africa">Africa</a> (licensee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Arabia" title="CNBC Arabia">Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Asia" title="CNBC Asia">CNBC Asia</a> branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_TV18" title="CNBC TV18">CNBC TV18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Awaaz" title="CNBC Awaaz">CNBC Awaaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Indonesia" title="CNBC Indonesia">CNBC Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JKN_Global_Group" title="JKN Global Group">JKN-CNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkei_CNBC" title="Nikkei CNBC">Nikkei CNBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former/defunct<br />properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13th_Street_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="13th Street (Australian TV channel)">13th Street (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%26E_Networks" title="A&E Networks">A&E Networks</a> (<a href="/wiki/A%26E_(TV_network)" title="A&E (TV network)">A&E</a>)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal+ Group">Canal+ Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Films" title="Castle Films">Castle Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapman_Entertainment" title="Chapman Entertainment">Chapman Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiller_(TV_network)" title="Chiller (TV network)">Chiller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiller_(TV_network)#Chiller_Films" title="Chiller (TV network)">Chiller Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIC_Video" title="CIC Video">CIC Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloo" title="Cloo">Cloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comcast_Network" title="Comcast Network">Comcast Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craftsy" title="Craftsy">Craftsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_(TV_network)" title="Diva (TV network)">Diva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_Universal_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diva Universal (Italy)">Diva Universal (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!_(Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="E! (Asia)">E! (Asia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Rights" title="Entertainment Rights">Entertainment Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquire_Network" title="Esquire Network">Esquire Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fearnet" title="Fearnet">Fearnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmation" title="Filmation">Filmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FilmDistrict" title="FilmDistrict">FilmDistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_(American_TV_network)" title="G4 (American TV network)">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Machine" title="Good Machine">Good Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Pictures" title="Gramercy Pictures">Gramercy Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Channel_(international)" title="Hallmark Channel (international)">Hallmark Channel (international)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITC_Entertainment" title="ITC Entertainment">ITC Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interscope_Communications" title="Interscope Communications">Interscope Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Universe" title="Miss Universe">Miss Universe</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Entertainment" title="Multimedia Entertainment">Multimedia Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBBC" title="NBBC">NBBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCSN" title="NBCSN">NBCSN</a></li> <li>NBC Sports (<a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Chicago" title="NBC Sports Chicago">Chicago</a> (25%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Northwest" title="NBC Sports Northwest">Northwest</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Weather_Plus" title="NBC Weather Plus">NBC Weather Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Films" title="October Films">October Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel_(American_TV_channel)" title="Olympic Channel (American TV channel)">Olympic Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Data_Images" title="Pacific Data Images">Pacific Data Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacock_Productions" title="Peacock Productions">Peacock Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PolyGram_Filmed_Entertainment" title="PolyGram Filmed Entertainment">PolyGram Filmed Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Films" title="Propaganda Films">Propaganda Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Pictures" title="Savoy Pictures">Savoy Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_Biz" title="SBS Biz">SBS CNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_(MSNBC)" title="Shift (MSNBC)">Shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeso" title="Seeso">Seeso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Gifts" title="Spencer Gifts">Spencer Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_Network_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style Network (Australia)">Style Network (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Asian_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Asian TV channel)">Syfy (Asia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syfy_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Syfy (Australian TV channel)">Syfy (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell-Tale_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Tell-Tale Productions">Tell-Tale Productions</a></li> <li>The Entertainment Channel*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Television" title="Total Television">Total Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Productions_of_America" title="United Productions of America">UPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Channel (Asia)">Universal Channel (Asia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Greek_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Greek TV channel)">Universal Channel (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Japanese_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Japanese TV channel)">Universal Channel (Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="Universal Channel (Polish TV channel)">Universal Channel (Poland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV_(UK_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal TV (UK and Ireland)">Universal TV (UK and Ireland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Interactive" title="Universal Interactive">Universal Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Channel_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Channel (Turkey)">Universal Channel (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivendi_Universal_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivendi Universal Games">Vivendi Universal Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz_Productions" title="Walter Lantz Productions">Walter Lantz Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Publishing" title="Western Publishing">Western Publishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Key_Comics" title="Gold Key Comics">Gold Key Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitman_Publishing" title="Whitman Publishing">Whitman Publishing</a></li> <li>Golden Books Family Entertainment <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Book_Video" title="Golden Book Video">Golden Book Video</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Animations" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodland Animations">Woodland Animations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZGS_Communications" title="ZGS Communications">ZGS Communications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Denotes <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint ventures</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vivendi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vivendi" title="Template:Vivendi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vivendi" title="Template talk:Vivendi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vivendi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vivendi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vivendi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Vivendi" title="List of assets owned by Vivendi">List of owned assets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bollor%C3%A9" title="Vincent Bolloré">Vincent Bolloré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_de_Puyfontaine" title="Arnaud de Puyfontaine">Arnaud de Puyfontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Rodocanachi" title="Pierre Rodocanachi">Pierre Rodocanachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_Canal%2B" title="Groupe Canal+">Groupe Canal+</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">Canal+</a><br />France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C8_(French_TV_channel)" title="C8 (French TV channel)">C8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_provider)" title="Canal+ (French TV provider)">Canal+ (provider)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Afrique" title="Canal+ Afrique">Afrique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Cal%C3%A9donie" title="Canal+ Calédonie">Calédonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Cara%C3%AFbes" title="Canal+ Caraïbes">Caraïbes</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_Sport_360" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Sport 360">Canal+ Sport 360</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_Sport" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Sport">Canal+ Sport</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_Foot" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Foot">Canal+ Foot</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_S%C3%A9ries" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Séries">Canal+ Séries</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_Cin%C3%A9ma" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Cinéma">Canal+ Cinéma</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_Docs" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Docs">Canal+ Docs</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%2B_Kids" class="extiw" title="fr:Canal+ Kids">Canal+ Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNews" title="CNews">CNews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CStar" title="CStar">CStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo_TV" title="Mezzo TV">Mezzo TV</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo_Live_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezzo Live HD">Mezzo Live HD</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MultiTh%C3%A9matiques" class="mw-redirect" title="MultiThématiques">MultiThématiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCS_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCS (TV channel)">OCS</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Frisson" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Frisson">Ciné+ Frisson</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_%C3%89motion" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Émotion">Ciné+ Émotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciné+ Family">Ciné+ Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciné+ Festival">Ciné+ Festival</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Classic" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Classic">Ciné+ Classic</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfoSport%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:InfoSport+">InfoSport+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Foot+">Foot+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Rugby+">Rugby+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Golf+">Golf+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia_TV" class="extiw" title="fr:Olympia TV">Olympia TV</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Com%C3%A9die%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Comédie+">Comédie+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Polar+">Polar+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C3%A8te%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Planète+">Planète+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C3%A8te%2B_Crime" class="extiw" title="fr:Planète+ Crime">Planète+ Crime</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C3%A8te%2B_Aventure" class="extiw" title="fr:Planète+ Aventure">Planète+ Aventure</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasons" class="extiw" title="fr:Seasons">Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CStar_Hits_France" class="extiw" title="fr:CStar Hits France">CStar Hits France</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piwi%2B" class="extiw" title="fr:Piwi+">Piwi+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9toon%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="Télétoon+">Télétoon+</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9toon%2B1" class="extiw" title="fr:Télétoon+1">Télétoon+1</a></li> <li>Thema TV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nollywood_TV" title="Nollywood TV">Nollywood TV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nollywood_TV_Epic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nollywood TV Epic (page does not exist)">Nollywood TV Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novelas_TV" title="Novelas TV">Novelas TV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canal+<br />Poland (51%)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale_Kino%2B" title="Ale Kino+">Ale Kino+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Domo" title="Canal+ Domo">Domo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Kuchnia" title="Canal+ Kuchnia">Kuchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniMini%2B" title="MiniMini+">MiniMini+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(Polish_TV_provider)" title="Canal+ (Polish TV provider)">Canal+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Premium" title="Canal+ Premium">Premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Sport_(Polish_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ Sport (Polish TV channel)">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Sport_2_(TV_channel)" title="Canal+ Sport 2 (TV channel)">Sport 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletoon%2B" title="Teletoon+">Teletoon+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M7_Group" title="M7 Group">M7 Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Digitaal" title="Canal Digitaal">Canal Digitaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_Sat" title="Focus Sat">Focus Sat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylink_(TV_platform)" title="Skylink (TV platform)">Skylink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9sat" title="Télésat">Télésat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Vlaanderen" title="TV Vlaanderen">TV Vlaanderen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/StudioCanal" title="StudioCanal">StudioCanal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthaus_(video_label)" title="Arthaus (video label)">Arthaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Production_Company" title="Red Production Company">Red Production Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rok_Studios" title="Rok Studios">Rok Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StudioCanal_UK" title="StudioCanal UK">StudioCanal UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Productions_(German_company)" title="Tandem Productions (German company)">Tandem Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_FilmWorks" title="Dutch FilmWorks">Dutch FilmWorks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vivendi Ticketing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Digitick</li> <li>Vivendi Village <ul><li><a href="/wiki/See_Tickets" title="See Tickets">See Tickets</a> <ul><li>See Tickets USA <ul><li>Flavorus</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>MyBestPro</li> <li>Watchever</li> <li>L’Olympia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prisma Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(French_magazine)" title="Capital (French magazine)">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femme_Actuelle" title="Femme Actuelle">Femme Actuelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEO_(magazine)" title="GEO (magazine)">Geo</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prima_(magazine)" title="Prima (magazine)">Prima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSD_(French_magazine)" title="VSD (French magazine)">VSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voici" title="Voici">Voici</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lagardère_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lagard%C3%A8re" title="Template:Lagardère"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lagard%C3%A8re" title="Template talk:Lagardère"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lagard%C3%A8re" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lagardère"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lagardère_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Group" title="Lagardère Group">Lagardère Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Publishing" title="Lagardère Publishing">Lagardère<br />Publishing</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Livre" title="Hachette Livre">Hachette Livre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Colin" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calmann-L%C3%A9vy" title="Calmann-Lévy">Calmann-Lévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalloz" title="Dalloz">Dalloz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayard" title="Fayard">Fayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier-Languereau" title="Gautier-Languereau">Gautier-Languereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Grasset" title="Éditions Grasset">Grasset</a></li> <li>Hachette</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatier" title="Hatier">Hatier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Larousse" title="Éditions Larousse">Larousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Livre_de_Poche" title="Le Livre de Poche">Librairie Générale Française</a> (80%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JC_Latt%C3%A8s" title="JC Lattès">JC Lattès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pika_%C3%89dition" class="mw-redirect" title="Pika Édition">Pika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_(publishing_house)" title="Stock (publishing house)">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatier" title="Hatier">Hatier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelsa" title="Edelsa">Edelsa</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Book_Group" title="Hachette Book Group">Hachette<br />Book Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Publishing" title="Grand Central Publishing">Grand Central</a></li> <li>Hachette Nashville <ul><li>Center Street</li> <li>FaithWords</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown</a> <ul><li>Little, Brown Spark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulholland_Books" title="Mulholland Books">Mulholland Books</a></li> <li>Voracious</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_Books" title="Orbit Books">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_Books_Group" title="Perseus Books Group">Perseus</a> <ul><li>Avalon Travel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seal_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal Press">Seal Press</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Books" title="Hachette Books">Hachette Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_Press" title="Running Press">Running Press</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dog_%26_Leventhal_Publishers" title="Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers">Black Dog & Leventhal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yen_Press" title="Yen Press">Yen</a> (49%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hachette_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette UK">Hachette UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hachette Children's <ul><li>Orchard Books<sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Franklin Watts<sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Wayland</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headline_Publishing_Group" title="Headline Publishing Group">Headline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton" title="Hodder & Stoughton">Hodder & Stoughton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_Books" title="Coronet Books">Coronet</a></li> <li>Sceptre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Kite" title="Yellow Kite">Yellow Kite</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hodder Education <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galore_Park" title="Galore Park">Galore Park</a></li> <li>Gibson</li> <li>Philip Allan Updates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teach_Yourself" title="Teach Yourself">Teach Yourself</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hodder_Faith" title="Hodder Faith">Hodder Faith</a></li> <li>John Murray Learning <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chambers_(publisher)" title="Chambers (publisher)">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Thomas" title="Michel Thomas">Michel Thomas Method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Roads" title="Two Roads">Two Roads</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_Book_Group" title="Little, Brown Book Group">Little, Brown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constable_%26_Robinson" title="Constable & Robinson">Constable & Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulholland_Books_(UK)" title="Mulholland Books (UK)">Mulholland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_Books" title="Orbit Books">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virago_Press" title="Virago Press">Virago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_Books" title="Sphere Books">Sphere</a></li></ul></li> <li>Octopus <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassell_(publisher)" title="Cassell (publisher)">Cassell Illustrated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conran_Octopus" title="Conran Octopus">Conran Octopus</a></li> <li>Gaia</li> <li>Godsfield</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlyn_(publisher)" title="Hamlyn (publisher)">Hamlyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Beazley" title="Mitchell Beazley">Mitchell Beazley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Philip_(cartographer)" title="George Philip (cartographer)">Philip's</a></li> <li>Spruce</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Publishing_Group" title="Orion Publishing Group">Orion Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Gollancz_Ltd" title="Victor Gollancz Ltd">Gollancz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercus_(publisher)" title="Quercus (publisher)">Quercus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookouture" title="Bookouture">Bookouture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachette_India" title="Hachette India">Hachette India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_News" title="Lagardère News">Lagardère<br />News</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Filipacchi_M%C3%A9dias" title="Hachette Filipacchi Médias">Hachette<br />Filipacchi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elle_(magazine)" title="Elle (magazine)">Elle</a></i> (brand)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Match" title="Paris Match">Paris Match</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV & Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_radio" title="Delta radio">Delta Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">Europe 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacaranda_FM" title="Jacaranda FM">Jacaranda FM</a> (20%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_ZET" title="Radio ZET">Radio ZET</a> (part owner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_World_Radio" title="One World Radio">VIBE FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_2" title="Europe 2">Europe 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFM_(French_radio_station)" title="RFM (French radio station)">RFM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lagardère<br />Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Live_Entertainment" title="Lagardère Live Entertainment">Lagardère Live Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Distribution_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette Distribution Services">HDS Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsLink" title="NewsLink">LS Travel Retail Asia Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Virgin Megastores</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradies_Lagard%C3%A8re" title="Paradies Lagardère">Paradies Lagardère</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Lagardère SCA owns these brands in the United Kingdom only. These brands are owned by <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Corporation" title="Scholastic Corporation">Scholastic Corporation</a> in the United States.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Havas" title="Havas">Havas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Worldwide" title="Arnold Worldwide">Arnold Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BETC" title="BETC">BETC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp%2BKing" title="Camp+King">Camp+King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_RSCG_London" title="Euro RSCG London">Euro RSCG London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FullSIX" title="FullSIX">FullSIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havas_Creative" title="Havas Creative">Havas Creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havas_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Havas London">Havas London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havas_Media" title="Havas Media">Havas Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messner_Vetere_Berger_McNamee_Schmetterer/Euro_RSCG" title="Messner Vetere Berger McNamee Schmetterer/Euro RSCG">Messner Vetere Berger McNamee Schmetterer/Euro RSCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snyder_Communications" title="Snyder Communications">Snyder Communications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dailymotion" title="Dailymotion">Dailymotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gameloft" title="Gameloft">Gameloft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equity investments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecom Italia">Telecom Italia</a> (23.75%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct/former<br />assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blizzard_Entertainment" title="Blizzard Entertainment">Blizzard Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budcat_Creations" title="Budcat Creations">Budcat Creations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Ward" title="Infinity Ward">Infinity Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxoflux" title="Luxoflux">Luxoflux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massive_Entertainment" title="Massive Entertainment">Massive Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neversoft" title="Neversoft">Neversoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Entertainment" title="Radical Entertainment">Radical Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedOctane" title="RedOctane">RedOctane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaba_Games" title="Shaba Games">Shaba Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Entertainment" title="Sierra Entertainment">Sierra Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treyarch" title="Treyarch">Treyarch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_Magic" title="Animation Magic">Animation Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banijay" class="mw-redirect" title="Banijay">Banijay Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Family" title="Canal+ Family">Canal+ Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_Gol_(Poland)" title="Canal+ Gol (Poland)">Canal+ Gol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editis" title="Editis">Editis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiam_Vivendi_Entertainment" title="Gaiam Vivendi Entertainment">Gaiam Vivendi Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gala_(magazine)" title="Gala (magazine)">Gala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Village_Telecom" title="Global Village Telecom">GVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JumpStart_Games" title="JumpStart Games">Knowledge Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroc_Telecom" title="Maroc Telecom">Maroc Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Pictures" title="Rogue Pictures">Rogue Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFR" title="SFR">SFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Sport+ (French TV channel)">Sport+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veolia" title="Veolia">Veolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivendi_Games" title="Vivendi Games">Vivendi Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Interactive" title="Fox Interactive">Fox Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Interactive" title="Universal Interactive">Universal Interactive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCS_(TV_network)" title="OCS (TV network)">OCS</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Premier" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Premier">Ciné+ Premier</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Famiz" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Famiz">Ciné+ Famiz</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%2B_Club" class="extiw" title="fr:Ciné+ Club">Ciné+ Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Vivendi" title="Category:Vivendi"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vivendi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vivendi"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Panasonic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Panasonic" title="Template:Panasonic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Panasonic" title="Template talk:Panasonic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Panasonic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Panasonic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Panasonic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Avionics_Corporation" title="Panasonic Avionics Corporation">Panasonic Avionics Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Cycle_Technology" title="Panasonic Cycle Technology">Panasonic Cycle Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Electric_Works" title="Panasonic Electric Works">Panasonic Electric Works</a> (acquired in 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a> (acquired in 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Electricals_Pvt._Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Anchor Electricals Pvt. Ltd.">Anchor Electricals</a> (acquired in 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Yonder" title="Blue Yonder">Blue Yonder</a> (acquired in 2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JVC" title="JVC">JVC</a> (spun off and merged with <a href="/wiki/Kenwood_Corporation" title="Kenwood Corporation">Kenwood</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc.">MCA Inc.</a> (sold to Seagram's)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Lighting_Technologies" title="Universal Lighting Technologies">Universal Lighting Technologies</a> (sold to Atar capital in 2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Panasonic_logo.svg/150px-Panasonic_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Panasonic_logo.svg/225px-Panasonic_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Panasonic_logo.svg/300px-Panasonic_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="92" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eneloop" title="Eneloop">Eneloop</a></li> <li>Eluga</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDK" title="KDK">KDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumix" title="Lumix">Lumix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_(brand)" title="National (brand)">National</a> (phased out)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic (brand)">Panasonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasar_(brand)" title="Quasar (brand)">Quasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a> <ul><li>NXT</li> <li>Kaizen</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technics_(brand)" title="Technics (brand)">Technics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varicam" title="Varicam">Varicam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Consoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DO" title="3DO">3DO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_M2" title="Panasonic M2">Panasonic M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Q">Panasonic Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_(console)" title="Jungle (console)">Jungle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Technics_(brand)" title="Technics (brand)">Turntables</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technics_SL-1200" title="Technics SL-1200">Technics SL-1200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technics_SL-10" title="Technics SL-10">Technics SL-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technics_SL-J2" title="Technics SL-J2">Technics SL-J2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Cycle_Technology" title="Panasonic Cycle Technology">Bicycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Panasonic_camcorders" title="List of Panasonic camcorders">Camcorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_CD_interface" title="Panasonic CD interface">CD interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospi" title="Hospi">Hospi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Panasonic_lenses" title="Category:Panasonic lenses">Lenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Panasonic_Lumix_cameras" title="Category:Panasonic Lumix cameras">Lumix cameras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MN103" title="MN103">MN103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panapet" title="Panapet">Panapet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsushita_JR_series" title="Matsushita JR series">Panasonic JR series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Toot-a-Loop_Radio" title="Panasonic Toot-a-Loop Radio">Panasonic Toot-a-Loop Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Toughpad" title="Panasonic Toughpad">Toughpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Toughbook" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Toughbook">Toughbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_TR-005" title="Panasonic TR-005">Panasonic TR-005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Engine" title="Venus Engine">Venus Engine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formats and standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D5_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="D5 HD">D5 HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3DI_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3DI Standard">M-3DI Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds_system" title="Micro Four Thirds system">Micro Four Thirds system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroP2" title="MicroP2">MicroP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MII_(videocassette_format)" title="MII (videocassette format)">MII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P2_(storage_media)" title="P2 (storage media)">P2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viera_Cast" title="Viera Cast">Viera Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VX_(videocassette_format)" title="VX (videocassette format)">VX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dnosuke_Matsushita" title="Kōnosuke Matsushita">Kōnosuke Matsushita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masaharu_Matsushita" title="Masaharu Matsushita">Masaharu Matsushita</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E4%B8%8B%E6%AD%A3%E5%B9%B8" class="extiw" title="ja:松下正幸">Masayuki Matsushita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiro_Matsushita" title="Hiro Matsushita">Hiro Matsushita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirofumi_Hirano" title="Hirofumi Hirano">Hirofumi Hirano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshio_Iue" title="Toshio Iue">Toshio Iue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazuhiro_Tsuga" title="Kazuhiro Tsuga">Kazuhiro Tsuga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamba_Osaka" title="Gamba Osaka">Gamba Osaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaka_Bluteon" title="Osaka Bluteon">Osaka Bluteon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Wild_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Wild Knights">Panasonic Wild Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_(cycling_team)" title="Panasonic (cycling team)">Panasonic cycling team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_in_Formula_One" title="Toyota in Formula One">Panasonic Toyota Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Gobel_Awards" title="Panasonic Gobel Awards">Panasonic Gobel Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Impulse" title="Panasonic Impulse">Panasonic Impulse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Panasonic_Corporation" title="Category:Panasonic Corporation">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Panasonic" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Panasonic">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_studios_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_studios" title="Template:Film studios"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_studios" title="Template talk:Film studios"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_studios" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film studios"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_studios_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film_studio" title="Film studio">Film studios</a> in the United States and Canada</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Majors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Universal_Studios" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Universal Studios</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Films" title="Carnival Films">Carnival Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Title_Films" title="Working Title Films">Working Title Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_International_Pictures" title="United International Pictures">United International Pictures</a> (50%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Players" title="Paramount Players">Paramount Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miramax" title="Miramax">Miramax</a> (49%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awesomeness_(company)" title="Awesomeness (company)">Awesomeness Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BET" title="BET">BET Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Entertainment_Studios" title="MTV Entertainment Studios">MTV Entertainment Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Movies" title="Nickelodeon Movies">Nickelodeon Movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_International_Pictures" title="United International Pictures">United International Pictures</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacom18_Studios" title="Viacom18 Studios">Viacom18 Studios</a> (13.01%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_(division)" title="Walt Disney Studios (division)">Walt Disney Studios</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Walt Disney Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Family" title="20th Century Family">20th Century Family</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Studios" title="Marvel Studios">Marvel Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Studios" title="Star Studios">Star Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regency_Enterprises" title="Regency Enterprises">Regency Enterprises</a> (20%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Searchlight_Pictures" title="Searchlight Pictures">Searchlight Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disneynature" title="Disneynature">Disneynature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPN_Films" title="ESPN Films">ESPN Films</a> (80%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a> (73%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%26E_Networks" title="A&E Networks">A&E Networks</a> (50%) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Media" title="Vice Media">Vice Media</a> (16%)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures" title="Warner Bros. Pictures">Warner Bros. Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network" title="Cartoon Network">Cartoon Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rock_Entertainment" title="Castle Rock Entertainment">Castle Rock Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN_Films" title="CNN Films">CNN Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC_Studios" title="DC Studios">DC Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagship_Entertainment_Group" title="Flagship Entertainment Group">Flagship Entertainment Group</a> (49%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBO_Films" title="HBO Films">HBO Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyglass_Media_Group" title="Spyglass Media Group">Spyglass Media Group</a> (minority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TruTV" title="TruTV">TruTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Street" title="Williams Street">Williams Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures" title="Sony Pictures">Sony Pictures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TriStar_Pictures" title="TriStar Pictures">TriStar Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Releasing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Pictures Releasing">Sony Pictures Releasing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3000_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="3000 Pictures">3000 Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Productions" title="PlayStation Productions">PlayStation Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Gems" title="Screen Gems">Screen Gems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Classics" title="Sony Pictures Classics">Sony Pictures Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TriStar_Productions" title="TriStar Productions">TriStar Productions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Worldwide_Acquisitions" title="Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions">Worldwide Acquisitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirm_Films" title="Affirm Films">Affirm Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destination_Films" title="Destination Films">Destination Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_6_Films" title="Stage 6 Films">Stage 6 Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Corps" title="Ghost Corps">Ghost Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Kids_Zone" title="Sony Pictures Kids Zone">Sony Pictures Kids Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Bank_Pictures" title="Left Bank Pictures">Left Bank Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Television_Kids" title="Sony Pictures Television Kids">Silvergate Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios#Mini-majors" title="Major film studios">Mini-majors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lionsgate_Studios" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Studios" title="Lionsgate Studios">Lionsgate Studios</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Films" title="Lionsgate Films">Lionsgate Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Premiere" title="Lionsgate Premiere">Lionsgate Premiere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_Entertainment" title="Summit Entertainment">Summit Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Canada" title="Lionsgate Canada">Lionsgate Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Canada#eOne_Films" title="Lionsgate Canada">eOne Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadside_Attractions" title="Roadside Attractions">Roadside Attractions</a> (43%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantelion_Films" title="Pantelion Films">Pantelion Films</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Universe" title="Good Universe">Good Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Arts_Entertainment" title="3 Arts Entertainment">3 Arts Entertainment</a> (majority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyglass_Media_Group" title="Spyglass Media Group">Spyglass Media Group</a> (18.9%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Pictures" title="Orion Pictures">Orion Pictures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Classics" title="Orion Classics">Orion Classics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_International_Pictures" title="American International Pictures">American International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightworkers_Media" title="Lightworkers Media">Lightworkers Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/A24" title="A24">A24</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A24" title="A24">A24 Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2AM_(company)" title="2AM (company)">2AM</a> (backing)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/STX_Entertainment" title="STX Entertainment">STX Entertainment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STX_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="STX Films">STX Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Horizontal<br />production/<br />distribution<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studios" title="Apple Studios">Apple Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Entertainment" title="Condé Nast Entertainment">Condé Nast Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Horse_Entertainment" title="Dark Horse Entertainment">Dark Horse Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasbro_Entertainment" title="Hasbro Entertainment">Hasbro Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattel_Films" title="Mattel Films">Mattel Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Studio" title="Random House Studio">Random House Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roku,_Inc." title="Roku, Inc.">Roku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Corporation" title="Scholastic Corporation">Scholastic Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix">Square Enix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubisoft_Film_%26_Television" title="Ubisoft Film & Television">Ubisoft Film & Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slate<br />partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGC_Studios" title="AGC Studios">AGC Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Entertainment" title="Atlas Entertainment">Atlas Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bear_Pictures" title="Black Bear Pictures">Black Bear Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Label_Media" title="Black Label Media">Black Label Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Black_List_(survey)" title="The Black List (survey)">Black List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bron_Studios" title="Bron Studios">Bron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mad Solar">Mad Solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_Artists" title="Escape Artists">Escape Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavor_(company)" title="Endeavor (company)">Endeavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FilmNation_Entertainment" title="FilmNation Entertainment">FilmNation Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_Group" title="Gotham Group">Gotham Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Park_Productions" title="Grosvenor Park Productions">Grosvenor Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_H_Collective" title="The H Collective">H Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICM_Partners" title="ICM Partners">ICM Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenious_Media" title="Ingenious Media">Ingenious Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Media_Fund" title="Los Angeles Media Fund">LAMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantern_Entertainment" title="Lantern Entertainment">Lantern Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_Entertainment" title="Legendary Entertainment">Legendary Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRC_(company)" title="MRC (company)">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Republic_Pictures" title="New Republic Pictures">New Republic Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PalmStar_Media" title="PalmStar Media">PalmStar Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(production_company)" title="Prospect Park (production company)">Prospect Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skydance_Media" title="Skydance Media">Skydance Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSG_Entertainment" title="TSG Entertainment">TSG Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Roadshow_Pictures" title="Village Roadshow Pictures">Village Roadshow Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltage_Pictures" title="Voltage Pictures">Voltage Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production/<br />distribution<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2929_Entertainment" title="2929 Entertainment">2929 Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Pictures" title="Magnolia Pictures">Magnolia Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truly_Indie" title="Truly Indie">Truly Indie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Artists_International" title="Allied Artists International">Allied Artists Film Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Zoetrope" title="American Zoetrope">American Zoetrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Studios" title="Angel Studios">Angel Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Pictures" title="Annapurna Pictures">Annapurna Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_Content" title="Anonymous Content">Anonymous Content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Asylum" title="The Asylum">The Asylum</a></li> <li>Arc Entertainment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Rising_Foundation" title="Artemis Rising Foundation">Artemis Rising Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BayView_Entertainment" title="BayView Entertainment">BayView Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Pictures" title="Beacon Pictures">Beacon Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlanti_Productions" title="Berlanti Productions">Berlanti Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleecker_Street_(company)" title="Bleecker Street (company)">Bleecker Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Fox_Entertainment" title="Blue Fox Entertainment">Blue Fox Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blumhouse_Productions" title="Blumhouse Productions">Blumhouse Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bold_Films" title="Bold Films">Bold Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainstorm_Media" title="Brainstorm Media">Brainstorm Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briarcliff_Entertainment" title="Briarcliff Entertainment">Briarcliff Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brillstein_Entertainment_Partners" title="Brillstein Entertainment Partners">Brillstein Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Video" title="Broadway Video">Broadway Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookstreet_Pictures" title="Brookstreet Pictures">Brookstreet Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_%26_Egg_Pictures" title="Chicken & Egg Pictures">Chicken & Egg Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinelou_Films" title="Cinelou Films">Cinelou Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineTel_Films" title="CineTel Films">CineTel Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_Films" title="Darius Films">Darius Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_Entertainment" title="Dolphin Entertainment">Dolphin Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drafthouse_Films" title="Drafthouse Films">Drafthouse Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decal_(company)" title="Decal (company)">Decal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevation_Pictures" title="Elevation Pictures">Elevation Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett/Furla_Oasis" title="Emmett/Furla Oasis">Emmett/Furla Oasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Media_Group" title="Allen Media Group">Entertainment Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_Releasing" title="Freestyle Releasing">Freestyle Releasing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Film_Arcade" title="The Film Arcade">Film Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_Films" title="Fork Films">Fork Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FotoKem" title="FotoKem">FotoKem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Entertainment" title="Fox Entertainment">Fox Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MarVista_Entertainment" title="MarVista Entertainment">MarVista Entertainment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Pictures" title="Giant Pictures">Giant Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_%26_Sky" title="Gunpowder & Sky">Gunpowder & Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFC_Films" title="IFC Films">IFC Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indican_Pictures" title="Indican Pictures">Indican Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_Partners" title="Impact Partners">Impact Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jim_Henson_Company" title="The Jim Henson Company">Jim Henson Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeshore_Entertainment" title="Lakeshore Entertainment">Lakeshore Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LD_Entertainment" title="LD Entertainment">LD Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levelfilm" title="Levelfilm">levelFILM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likely_Story" title="Likely Story">Likely Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louverture_Films" title="Louverture Films">Louverture Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandalay_Pictures" title="Mandalay Pictures">Mandalay Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandeville_Films" title="Mandeville Films">Mandeville Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximum_Effort" title="Maximum Effort">Maximum Effort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Media" title="Millennium Media">Millennium Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Creek_Entertainment" title="Morgan Creek Entertainment">Morgan Creek Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Corporation_of_America" title="Motion Picture Corporation of America">Motion Picture Corporation of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriad_Pictures" title="Myriad Pictures">Myriad Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon_(company)" title="Neon (company)">Neon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Road_Films" title="Open Road Films">Open Road Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscilloscope_(company)" title="Oscilloscope (company)">Oscilloscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturehouse_(company)" title="Picturehouse (company)">Picturehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiver_Distribution" title="Quiver Distribution">Quiver Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RadicalMedia" title="RadicalMedia">RadicalMedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativity_Media" title="Relativity Media">Relativity Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Pictures" title="Rogue Pictures">Rogue Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_Studios" title="Revolution Studios">Revolution Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saban_Capital_Group" title="Saban Capital Group">Saban Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Films" title="Samuel Goldwyn Films">Samuel Goldwyn Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Media" title="Screen Media">Screen Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Kimmel_Entertainment" title="Sidney Kimmel Entertainment">Sidney Kimmel Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Pictures" title="Silver Pictures">Silver Pictures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Castle_Entertainment" title="Dark Castle Entertainment">Dark Castle Entertainment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shout!_Studios" title="Shout! Studios">Shout! Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solstice_Studios" title="Solstice Studios">Solstice Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_Releasing" title="Strand Releasing">Strand Releasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycamore_Pictures" title="Sycamore Pictures">Sycamore Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLA_Releasing" title="TLA Releasing">TLA Releasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_Studios" title="Topic Studios">Topic Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia_(distributor)" title="Utopia (distributor)">Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_(film_company)" title="Vertical (film company)">Vertical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Produced" title="Virgin Produced">Virgin Produced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walden_Media" title="Walden Media">Walden Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Video" title="Wolfe Video">Wolfe Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWE_Studios" title="WWE Studios">WWE Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XTR_(company)" title="XTR (company)">XTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XYZ_Films" title="XYZ Films">XYZ Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_Laps_Entertainment" title="21 Laps Entertainment">21 Laps Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40_Acres_and_a_Mule_Filmworks" title="40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks">40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/87North_Productions" title="87North Productions">87North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1492_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="1492 Pictures">1492 Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Good_Production" title="A Very Good Production">A Very Good Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abso_Lutely_Productions" title="Abso Lutely Productions">Abso Lutely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/After_Dark_Films" title="After Dark Films">After Dark Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGBO" title="AGBO">AGBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcon_Entertainment" title="Alcon Entertainment">Alcon Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatow_Productions" title="Apatow Productions">Apatow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appian_Way_Productions" title="Appian Way Productions">Appian Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Monster" title="Atomic Monster">Atomic Monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Hat_Harry" title="Bad Hat Harry">Bad Hat Harry Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Robot" title="Bad Robot">Bad Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazelevs_Company" title="Bazelevs Company">Bazelevs Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Falls_Productions" title="Bedford Falls Productions">Bedford Falls Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Beach_(company)" title="Big Beach (company)">Big Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blinding_Edge_Pictures" title="Blinding Edge Pictures">Blinding Edge Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandywine_Productions" title="Brandywine Productions">Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownstone_Productions" title="Brownstone Productions">Brownstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bubble_Factory" title="The Bubble Factory">Bubble Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centropolis_Entertainment" title="Centropolis Entertainment">Centropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha_Cha_Cha_Films" title="Cha Cha Cha Films">Cha Cha Cha Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernin_Entertainment" title="Chernin Entertainment">Chernin Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_Enterprises" title="Cheyenne Enterprises">Cheyenne Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Force" title="Color Force">Color Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Creek_Pictures" title="Cross Creek Pictures">Cross Creek Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Sky_Pictures" title="Crystal Sky Pictures">Crystal Sky Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cube_Vision" title="Cube Vision">Cube Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darko_Entertainment" title="Darko Entertainment">Darko Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Entertainment" title="Davis Entertainment">Davis Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di_Bonaventura_Pictures" title="Di Bonaventura Pictures">Di Bonaventura Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_District_(production_company)" title="The District (production company)">District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Donners%27_Company" title="The Donners' Company">Donners' Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_R_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Double R Productions">Double R Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_Films" title="Echo Films">Echo Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Entertainment" title="Electric Entertainment">Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_Entertainment" title="Evolution Entertainment">Evolution Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twisted_Pictures" title="Twisted Pictures">Twisted Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excellent_Cadaver" title="Excellent Cadaver">Excellent Cadaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_Films" title="Flower Films">Flower Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freckle_Films" title="Freckle Films">Freckle Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_Tree_(company)" title="Fruit Tree (company)">Fruit Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzzy_Door_Productions" title="Fuzzy Door Productions">Fuzzy Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Sanchez_Productions" title="Gary Sanchez Productions">Gary Sanchez</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Sanchez_Productions" title="Gloria Sanchez Productions">Gloria Sanchez</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre_Films" title="Genre Films">Genre Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_House_Pictures" title="Ghost House Pictures">Ghost House Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GK_Films" title="GK Films">GK Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracie_Films" title="Gracie Films">Gracie Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Madison_Productions" title="Happy Madison Productions">Happy Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haxan_Films" title="Haxan Films">Haxan Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hello_Sunshine_(company)" title="Hello Sunshine (company)">Hello Sunshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoorae_Media" title="Hoorae Media">Hoorae Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon_Productions" title="Icon Productions">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Films" title="Identity Films">Identity Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageMovers" title="ImageMovers">ImageMovers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagine_Entertainment" title="Imagine Entertainment">Imagine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jax_Media" title="Jax Media">Jax Media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Paintbrush_(company)" title="Indian Paintbrush (company)">Indian Paintbrush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinitum_Nihil" title="Infinitum Nihil">Infinitum Nihil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrepid_Pictures" title="Intrepid Pictures">Intrepid Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Bruckheimer_Films" title="Jerry Bruckheimer Films">Jerry Bruckheimer Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgmental_Films" title="Judgmental Films">Judgemental Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KatzSmith_Productions" title="KatzSmith Productions">KatzSmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kennedy/Marshall_Company" title="The Kennedy/Marshall Company">Kennedy/Marshall Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketchup_Entertainment" title="Ketchup Entertainment">Ketchup Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Films" title="Killer Films">Killer Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Story_Company" title="Kingdom Story Company">Kingdom Story Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightstorm_Entertainment" title="Lightstorm Entertainment">Lightstorm Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LuckyChap_Entertainment" title="LuckyChap Entertainment">LuckyChap Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpaso_Productions" title="Malpaso Productions">Malpaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marv_Studios" title="Marv Studios">Marv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeypaw_Productions" title="Monkeypaw Productions">Monkeypaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Montecito_Picture_Company" title="The Montecito Picture Company">Montecito Picture Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Mudd" title="Mr. Mudd">Mr. Mudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Box_Films" title="Music Box Films">Music Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutant_Enemy" title="Mutant Enemy">Mutant Enemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MWM_(entertainment_company)" title="MWM (entertainment company)">MWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Stories_Productions" title="Nine Stories Productions">Nine Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Race_Films" title="One Race Films">One Race Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Film" title="Original Film">Original Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Stories_Films" title="Our Stories Films">Our Stories Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outerbanks_Entertainment" title="Outerbanks Entertainment">Outerbanks Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overbrook_Entertainment" title="Overbrook Entertainment">Overbrook Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_Kite_Productions" title="Paper Kite Productions">Paper Kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkwood_Entertainment" title="Parkwood Entertainment">Parkwood Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Pictures" title="Phoenix Pictures">Phoenix Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Picture_Company" title="The Picture Company">Picture Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_B_Entertainment" title="Plan B Entertainment">Plan B Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Dunes" title="Platinum Dunes">Platinum Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playtone" title="Playtone">Playtone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Grey_Pictures" title="Point Grey Pictures">Point Grey Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protozoa_Pictures" title="Protozoa Pictures">Protozoa Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hour_Productions" title="Red Hour Productions">Red Hour Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rideback_(production_company)" title="Rideback (production company)">Rideback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roth/Kirschenbaum_Films" title="Roth/Kirschenbaum Films">Roth/Kirschenbaum Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Free_Productions" title="Scott Free Productions">Scott Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Bucks_Productions" title="Seven Bucks Productions">Seven Bucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La_Entertainment" title="Shangri-La Entertainment">Shangri-La Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shondaland" title="Shondaland">Shondaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokehouse_Pictures" title="Smokehouse Pictures">Smokehouse Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Quarry" title="The Stone Quarry">Stone Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_8_(company)" title="Studio 8 (company)">Studio 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_Syndicate" title="Story Syndicate">Story Syndicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Night_Productions" title="Sunday Night Productions">Sunday Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncopy_Inc." title="Syncopy Inc.">Syncopy Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_Entertainment" title="Tango Entertainment">Tango Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Downey" title="Team Downey">Team Downey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Hill_Entertainment" title="Temple Hill Entertainment">Temple Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hideaway_Entertainment" title="The Hideaway Entertainment">The Hideaway Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Road_Films" title="Thunder Road Films">Thunder Road Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton_Productions" title="Tim Burton Productions">Tim Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Perry_Studios" title="Tyler Perry Studios">Tyler Perry Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valhalla_Entertainment" title="Valhalla Entertainment">Valhalla Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertigo_Entertainment" title="Vertigo Entertainment">Vertigo Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_Askew_Productions" title="View Askew Productions">View Askew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SModcast_Pictures" title="SModcast Pictures">SModcast Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_Films" title="Vinyl Films">Vinyl Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WingNut_Films" title="WingNut Films">WingNut Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30West" title="30West">30West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonderland_Sound_and_Vision" title="Wonderland Sound and Vision">Wonderland Sound and Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrekin_Hill_Entertainment" title="Wrekin Hill Entertainment">Wrekin Hill Entertainment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct/former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Disney</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caravan_Pictures" title="Caravan Pictures">Caravan Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinergi_Pictures" title="Cinergi Pictures">Cinergi Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_2000_Pictures" title="Fox 2000 Pictures">Fox 2000 Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Atomic" title="Fox Atomic">Fox Atomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Faith" title="Fox Faith">Fox Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Film" title="Fox Film">Fox Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Pictures" title="Hollywood Pictures">Hollywood Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Pictures" title="New World Pictures">New World Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selznick_International_Pictures" title="Selznick International Pictures">Selznick International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchstone_Pictures" title="Touchstone Pictures">Touchstone Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Pictures" title="Twentieth Century Pictures">Twentieth Century Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTV_Motion_Pictures" title="UTV Motion Pictures">UTV Motion Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Lionsgate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Bay_Entertainment" title="Anchor Bay Entertainment">Anchor Bay Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artisan_Entertainment" title="Artisan Entertainment">Artisan Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christal_Films" title="Christal Films">Christal Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_Pictures" title="Mandate Pictures">Mandate Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_Pictures" title="Maple Pictures">Maple Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_Pictures" title="Momentum Pictures">Momentum Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overture_Films" title="Overture Films">Overture Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimark_Pictures" title="Trimark Pictures">Trimark Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestron_Pictures" title="Vestron Pictures">Vestron Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">MGM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st_Century_Film_Corporation" title="21st Century Film Corporation">21st Century Film Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Entertainment_Group" title="Atlantic Entertainment Group">Atlantic Entertainment Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cannon_Group,_Inc." title="The Cannon Group, Inc.">Cannon Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinecom" title="Cinecom">Cinecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimension_Pictures_(1970s_company)" title="Dimension Pictures (1970s company)">Dimension Pictures (1970s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_World_Entertainment_(film_company)#Epic_Productions" title="Trans World Entertainment (film company)">Epic Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmways" title="Filmways">Filmways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Samuel_Goldwyn_Company#G2_Pictures" title="The Samuel Goldwyn Company">G2 Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldwyn_Pictures" title="Goldwyn Pictures">Goldwyn Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemdale_Film_Corporation" title="Hemdale Film Corporation">Hemdale Film Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Island_Pictures_films" title="List of Island Pictures films">Island Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer_Pictures" title="Louis B. Mayer Pictures">Louis B. Mayer Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Pictures" title="Metro Pictures">Metro Pictures Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mirisch_Company" title="The Mirisch Company">Mirisch Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Samuel_Goldwyn_Company" title="The Samuel Goldwyn Company">Samuel Goldwyn Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Productions" title="Samuel Goldwyn Productions">Samuel Goldwyn Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_World_Entertainment_(film_company)" title="Trans World Entertainment (film company)">Trans World Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Releasing" title="United Artists Releasing">United Artists Releasing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Universal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FilmDistrict" title="FilmDistrict">FilmDistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Machine" title="Good Machine">Good Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Pictures" title="Gramercy Pictures">Gramercy Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Moving_Pictures" title="Independent Moving Pictures">Independent Moving Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interscope_Communications" title="Interscope Communications">Interscope Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Films" title="Propaganda Films">Propaganda Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Pictures" title="Savoy Pictures">Savoy Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Paramount</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Theatrical_Films" title="CBS Theatrical Films">CBS Theatrical Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Center_Films" title="Cinema Center Films">Cinema Center Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_Films" title="Comedy Central Films">Comedy Central Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_United_Entertainment" title="Commonwealth United Entertainment">Commonwealth United Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famous_Players_Film_Company" title="Famous Players Film Company">Famous Players Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famous_Players%E2%80%93Lasky" title="Famous Players–Lasky">Famous Players–Lasky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_Fish_Pictures" title="Go Fish Pictures">Go Fish Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Films" title="Liberty Films">Liberty Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascot_Pictures" title="Mascot Pictures">Mascot Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Famous_Productions" title="Paramount Famous Productions">Paramount Famous Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Vantage" title="Paramount Vantage">Paramount Vantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rysher_Entertainment" title="Rysher Entertainment">Rysher Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunn_Classic_Pictures" title="Sunn Classic Pictures">Sunn Classic Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Pictures" title="United States Pictures">United States Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Sony</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBC_Film_Sales_Corporation" title="CBC Film Sales Corporation">Cohn-Brandt-Cohn (CBC) Film Sales Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Pictures" title="Embassy Pictures">Embassy Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_International_Pictures" title="Empire International Pictures">Empire International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Independent_Films" title="First Independent Films">First Independent Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Films" title="Triumph Films">Triumph Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Warner Bros.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Line_Features" title="Fine Line Features">Fine Line Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_National_Pictures" title="First National Pictures">First National Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorimar_Television" title="Lorimar Television">Lorimar Film Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures">Monogram Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_General_Pictures" title="National General Pictures">National General Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Entertainment" title="Nelson Entertainment">Nelson Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooster_Teeth" title="Rooster Teeth">Rooster Teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Arts_Productions" title="Seven Arts Productions">Seven Arts Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros.-Seven_Arts" title="Warner Bros.-Seven Arts">Warner Bros.-Seven Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Independent_Pictures" title="Warner Independent Pictures">Warner Independent Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_(company)" title="Alchemy (company)">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Film_Manufacturing_Company" title="American Film Manufacturing Company">American Film Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Star_Scene_Studios" title="Art Star Scene Studios">Art Star Scene Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Pictures" title="Astor Pictures">Astor Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviron_Pictures" title="Aviron Pictures">Aviron Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Productions,_Hollywood" title="Aurora Productions, Hollywood">Aurora Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biograph_Company" title="Biograph Company">Biograph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bison_Film_Company" title="Bison Film Company">Bison Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluebird_Photoplays" title="Bluebird Photoplays">Bluebird Photoplays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxoffice_International_Pictures" title="Boxoffice International Pictures">Boxoffice International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston_Distributing_Company" title="Bryanston Distributing Company">Bryanston Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C2_Pictures" title="C2 Pictures">C2 Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Company" title="Calvin Company">Calvin Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolco_Pictures" title="Carolco Pictures">Carolco Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill_Productions" title="Castle Hill Productions">Castle Hill Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_Film_Company" title="Centaur Film Company">Centaur Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Film_Company" title="Champion Film Company">Champion Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christie_Film_Company" title="Christie Film Company">Christie Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinemation_Industries" title="Cinemation Industries">Cinemation Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinerama_Releasing_Corporation" title="Cinerama Releasing Corporation">Cinerama Releasing Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_International_Pictures" title="Compass International Pictures">Compass International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_International_Pictures" title="Crown International Pictures">Crown International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Laurentiis_Entertainment_Group" title="De Laurentiis Entertainment Group">De Laurentiis Entertainment Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEJ_Productions" title="DEJ Productions">DEJ Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributors_Corporation_of_America" title="Distributors Corporation of America">Distributors Corporation of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaco_Films" title="Eaco Films">Eaco Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle-Lion_Films" title="Eagle-Lion Films">Eagle-Lion Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Studios" title="Edison Studios">Edison Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_Pictures" title="Educational Pictures">Educational Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essanay_Studios" title="Essanay Studios">Essanay Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_Feature_Films" title="Dramatic Feature Films">Dramatic Feature Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks_Entertainment" title="Fireworks Entertainment">Fireworks Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Look_Studios" title="First Look Studios">First Look Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franchise_Pictures" title="Franchise Pictures">Franchise Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Geffen_Film_Company" title="The Geffen Film Company">Geffen Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Road_Films" title="Open Road Films">Global Road Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Films_Inc." title="Grand National Films Inc.">Grand National Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach_Studios" title="Hal Roach Studios">Hal Roach Studios</a></li> <li>Hasbro <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allspark" title="Allspark">Allspark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Farley_Pictures" title="Jensen Farley Pictures">Jensen Farley Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ladd_Company" title="The Ladd Company">Ladd Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largo_Entertainment" title="Largo Entertainment">Largo Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippert_Pictures" title="Lippert Pictures">Lippert Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubin_Manufacturing_Company" title="Lubin Manufacturing Company">Lubin Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Madison_Productions" title="Happy Madison Productions">Madison 23 Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manson_International" title="Manson International">Manson International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newmarket_Films" title="Newmarket Films">Newmarket Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OddLot_Entertainment" title="OddLot Entertainment">OddLot Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_International_Enterprises" title="Pacific International Enterprises">Pacific International Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participant_(company)" title="Participant (company)">Participant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PM_Entertainment" title="PM Entertainment">PM Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Producers_Releasing_Corporation" title="Producers Releasing Corporation">Producers Releasing Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatPac_Entertainment" title="RatPac Entertainment">RatPac Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Granite_Pictures" title="Red Granite Pictures">Red Granite Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Releasing" title="Regent Releasing">Regent Releasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneider%27s_Bakery" title="Schneider's Bakery">Schneider's Bakery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotti_Brothers_Records" title="Scotti Brothers Records">Scotti Bros. Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_Eight_Productions" title="Section Eight Productions">Section Eight Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_Productions" title="Seed Productions">Seed Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_Entertainment" title="Strike Entertainment">Strike Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThinkFilm" title="ThinkFilm">ThinkFilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Is_That_Productions" title="This Is That Productions">This Is That Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Studios" title="Virtual Studios">Virtual Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weinstein_Company" title="The Weinstein Company">Weinstein Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dimension_Films" title="Dimension Films">Dimension Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weintraub_Entertainment_Group" title="Weintraub Entertainment Group">Weintraub Entertainment Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Animation_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Animation industry in the United States">List of American animation studios</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101552926#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/9e4d8965-4fa4-4ce9-a48a-6db90769aa05">MusicBrainz label</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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