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<li id="toc-Proto-Cubism:_1907–1908" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proto-Cubism:_1907–1908"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Proto-Cubism: 1907–1908</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proto-Cubism:_1907–1908-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Cubism:_1909–1914" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Cubism:_1909–1914"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early Cubism: 1909–1914</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Cubism:_1909–1914-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Salon_des_Indépendants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salon_des_Indépendants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Salon des Indépendants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salon_des_Indépendants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galeries_Dalmau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galeries_Dalmau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Galeries Dalmau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galeries_Dalmau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salon_d'Automne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salon_d'Automne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Salon d'Automne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salon_d'Automne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abstraction_and_the_ready-made" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abstraction_and_the_ready-made"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Abstraction and the ready-made</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abstraction_and_the_ready-made-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Section_d'Or" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Section_d'Or"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>Section d'Or</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Section_d'Or-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crystal_Cubism:_1914–1918" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crystal_Cubism:_1914–1918"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Crystal Cubism: 1914–1918</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crystal_Cubism:_1914–1918-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cubism_after_1918" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cubism_after_1918"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Cubism after 1918</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cubism_after_1918-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influence_in_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_in_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Influence in Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_in_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Interpretation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interpretation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interpretation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Intentions_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intentions_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Intentions and criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intentions_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cubist_sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cubist_sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cubist sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cubist_sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_Maison_Cubiste_(Cubist_House)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Maison_Cubiste_(Cubist_House)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>La Maison Cubiste (Cubist House)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Maison_Cubiste_(Cubist_House)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czech_Cubist_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Cubist_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Czech Cubist architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Cubist_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cubism_in_other_fields" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cubism_in_other_fields"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cubism in other fields</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cubism_in_other_fields-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Press_articles_and_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Press_articles_and_reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Press articles and reviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Press_articles_and_reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubisme" title="Kubisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kubisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubismus" title="Kubismus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kubismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%86)" title="تكعيبية (فن) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تكعيبية (فن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubismu" title="Cubismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cubismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubizm" title="Kubizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kubizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%CC%8Dp-th%C3%A9-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Li̍p-thé-chú-gī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Li̍p-thé-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кубізм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кубізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кубізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кубізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubismo" title="Kubismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kubismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Кубизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кубизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubizam" title="Kubizam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kubizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubisme" title="Cubisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cubisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кубизм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кубизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubismus" title="Kubismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kubismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciwbiaeth" title="Ciwbiaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ciwbiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubisme" title="Kubisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kubisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubismus" title="Kubismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kubismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubism" title="Kubism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kubism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Κυβισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυβισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubismo" title="Cubismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cubismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubismo" title="Kubismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kubismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubismo" title="Kubismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kubismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="کوبیسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوبیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubisme" title="Cubisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cubisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%BAbachas" title="Ciúbachas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ciúbachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubismo" title="Cubismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cubismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%B2%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="입체주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="입체주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Կուբիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կուբիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="घनचित्रण शैली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="घनचित्रण शैली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubizam" title="Kubizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kubizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubismo" title="Kubismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kubismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubisme" title="Kubisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kubisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubismo" title="Cubismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cubismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubismo" title="Cubismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cubismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="קוביזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוביזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubisme" title="Kubisme – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kubisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%98%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ಘನಾಕೃತಿ ಕಲೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಘನಾಕೃತಿ ಕಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="კუბიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კუბიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Кубшылдық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кубшылдық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kub%C3%AEzm" title="Kubîzm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kubîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кубизм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кубизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubismus" title="Cubismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cubismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubisms" title="Kubisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kubisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubizmas" title="Kubizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kubizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubisme" title="Cubisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cubisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubizmus" title="Kubizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kubizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Кубизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кубизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="ക്യൂബിസം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്യൂബിസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubi%C5%BCmu" title="Kubiżmu – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kubiżmu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="التكعيبيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="التكعيبيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="کوبیسم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کوبیسم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubisme" title="Kubisme – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kubisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кубизм – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кубизм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubisme" title="Kubisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kubisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A0" title="キュビスム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キュビスム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubisme" title="Kubisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kubisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubisme" title="Kubisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kubisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubisme" title="Cubisme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cubisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubizm" title="Kubizm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kubizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਘਣਵਾਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਘਣਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%85" title="کیوبزم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیوبزم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cubism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubismus" title="Kubismus – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kubismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubizm" title="Kubizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kubizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubismo" title="Cubismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cubismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cubism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кубизм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кубизм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кубизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кубизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cubism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubismus" title="Kubismus – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kubismus" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubizmi" title="Kubizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kubizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubbismu" title="Cubbismu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cubbismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cubism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="مڪعب پسندي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مڪعب پسندي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubizmus" title="Kubizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kubizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubizem" title="Kubizem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kubizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Кубизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кубизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubizam" title="Kubizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kubizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubismi" title="Kubismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kubismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubism" title="Kubism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kubism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubismo" title="Kubismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kubismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கியூபிசம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கியூபிசம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кубизм – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кубизм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="క్యూబిజం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్యూబిజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="บาศกนิยม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บาศกนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCbizm" title="Kübizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kübizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кубизм – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Кубизм" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кубізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кубізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B9%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="مکعبیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مکعبیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_l%E1%BA%ADp_th%E1%BB%83" title="Chủ nghĩa lập thể – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa lập thể" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">20th-century avant-garde art movement</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cubist" redirects here. For the company, see <a href="/wiki/Cubist_Pharmaceuticals" title="Cubist Pharmaceuticals">Cubist Pharmaceuticals</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/QBism" class="mw-redirect" title="QBism">QBism</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pablo_Picasso,_1910,_Girl_with_a_Mandolin_(Fanny_Tellier),_oil_on_canvas,_100.3_x_73.6_cm,_Museum_of_Modern_Art_New_York..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1910%2C_Girl_with_a_Mandolin_%28Fanny_Tellier%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_100.3_x_73.6_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art_New_York..jpg/250px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1910%2C_Girl_with_a_Mandolin_%28Fanny_Tellier%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_100.3_x_73.6_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art_New_York..jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1910%2C_Girl_with_a_Mandolin_%28Fanny_Tellier%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_100.3_x_73.6_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art_New_York..jpg/375px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1910%2C_Girl_with_a_Mandolin_%28Fanny_Tellier%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_100.3_x_73.6_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art_New_York..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1910%2C_Girl_with_a_Mandolin_%28Fanny_Tellier%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_100.3_x_73.6_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art_New_York..jpg/500px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1910%2C_Girl_with_a_Mandolin_%28Fanny_Tellier%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_100.3_x_73.6_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art_New_York..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1770" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, 1910, <i><a href="/wiki/Girl_with_a_Mandolin" title="Girl with a Mandolin">Girl with a Mandolin (Fanny Tellier)</a></i>, oil on canvas, 100.3 × 73.6 cm, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, New York</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cubism</b> is an early-20th-century <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> <a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">art movement</a> begun in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> that revolutionized <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> and the visual arts, and influenced artistic innovations in <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>. Cubist subjects are analyzed, broken up, and reassembled in an abstract form—instead of depicting objects from a single perspective, the artist depicts the subject from multiple perspectives to represent the subject in a greater context.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cubism has been considered the most influential art movement of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-moma.org_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moma.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>cubism</i> is broadly associated with a variety of artworks produced in Paris (<a href="/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montparnasse" title="Montparnasse">Montparnasse</a>) or near Paris (<a href="/wiki/Puteaux" title="Puteaux">Puteaux</a>) during the 1910s and throughout the 1920s. </p><p>The movement was pioneered in partnership by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>, and joined by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MomaT02054_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MomaT02054-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of <a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_space" title="Three-dimensional space">three-dimensional</a> form in the late works of <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moma.org_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moma.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A retrospective of Cézanne's paintings was held at the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne">Salon d'Automne</a></span></span> of 1904, current works were displayed at the 1905 and 1906 <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Salon d'Automne</span></span>, followed by two commemorative retrospectives after his death in 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-Joann_Moser_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joann_Moser-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In France, offshoots of Cubism developed, including <a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">abstract art</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The impact of Cubism was far-reaching and wide-ranging in the arts and in popular culture. Cubism introduced <a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">collage</a> as a modern art form. In France and other countries <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> developed in response to Cubism.<sup id="cite_ref-MomaT02054_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MomaT02054-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early Futurist paintings hold in common with Cubism the fusing of the past and the present, the representation of different views of the subject pictured at the same time or successively, also called multiple perspective, simultaneity or multiplicity,<sup id="cite_ref-MoMA,_Meanings_and_interpretations_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoMA,_Meanings_and_interpretations-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Constructivism was influenced by Picasso's technique of constructing sculpture from separate elements.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other common threads between these disparate movements include the faceting or simplification of geometric forms, and the association of mechanization and modern life. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scholars have divided the history of Cubism into phases. In one scheme, the first phase of Cubism, known as <i>Analytic Cubism</i>, a phrase coined by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a> a <a href="/wiki/A_priori_and_a_posteriori" title="A priori and a posteriori">posteriori</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HF_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between 1910 and 1912 in France. A second phase, <i>Synthetic Cubism</i>, remained vital until around 1919, when the <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealist</a> movement gained popularity. English <a href="/wiki/Art_historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Art historian">art historian</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Cooper_(art_historian)" title="Douglas Cooper (art historian)">Douglas Cooper</a> proposed another scheme, describing three phases of Cubism in his book, <i>The Cubist Epoch</i>. According to Cooper there was "Early Cubism", (from 1906 to 1908) when the movement was initially developed in the studios of Picasso and Braque; the second phase being called "High Cubism", (from 1909 to 1914) during which time Juan Gris emerged as an important exponent (after 1911); and finally Cooper referred to "Late Cubism" (from 1914 to 1921) as the last phase of Cubism as a radical <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Cubist_Epoch_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Cubist_Epoch-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Douglas Cooper's restrictive use of these terms to distinguish the work of Braque, Picasso, Gris (from 1911) and Léger (to a lesser extent) implied an intentional value judgement.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg/250px-Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg/375px-Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg/500px-Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4661" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i>, 1907, considered to be a major step towards the founding of the Cubist movement<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper,_24_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper,_24-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pablo_Picasso,_1909-10,_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_(Seated_Nude,_Femme_nue_assise),_oil_on_canvas,_92.1_x_73_cm,_Tate_Modern,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8f/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909-10%2C_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_%28Seated_Nude%2C_Femme_nue_assise%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.1_x_73_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg/200px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909-10%2C_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_%28Seated_Nude%2C_Femme_nue_assise%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.1_x_73_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8f/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909-10%2C_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_%28Seated_Nude%2C_Femme_nue_assise%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.1_x_73_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg/300px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909-10%2C_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_%28Seated_Nude%2C_Femme_nue_assise%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.1_x_73_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8f/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909-10%2C_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_%28Seated_Nude%2C_Femme_nue_assise%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.1_x_73_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg/400px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909-10%2C_Figure_dans_un_Fauteuil_%28Seated_Nude%2C_Femme_nue_assise%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.1_x_73_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, 1909–10, <i>Figure dans un Fauteuil (Seated Nude, Femme nue assise)</i>, oil on canvas, 92.1 × 73 cm, <a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proto-Cubism:_1907–1908"><span id="Proto-Cubism:_1907.E2.80.931908"></span>Proto-Cubism: 1907–1908</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Proto-Cubism: 1907–1908"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></div> <p>Cubism burgeoned between 1907 and 1911. Pablo Picasso's 1907 painting <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i> has often been considered a <a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">proto-Cubist</a> work. </p><p>In 1908, in his review of <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>'s exhibition at <a href="/wiki/Daniel-Henry_Kahnweiler" title="Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler">Kahnweiler</a>'s gallery, the critic <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vauxcelles" title="Louis Vauxcelles">Louis Vauxcelles</a> called Braque a daring man who despises form, "reducing everything, places and a figures and houses, to geometric schemas, to cubes".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Danchev_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danchev-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vauxcelles recounted how Matisse told him at the time, "Braque has just sent in [to the 1908 <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Salon d'Automne</span></span>] a painting made of little cubes".<sup id="cite_ref-Danchev_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danchev-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The critic Charles Morice relayed Matisse's words and spoke of Braque's little cubes. The motif of the viaduct at l'Estaque had inspired Braque to produce three paintings marked by the simplification of form and deconstruction of perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Georges Braque's 1908 <i><a href="/wiki/Houses_at_L%E2%80%99Estaque" class="mw-redirect" title="Houses at L’Estaque">Houses at L’Estaque</a></i> (and related works) prompted Vauxcelles, in <i>Gil Blas</i>, 25 March 1909, to refer to <i>bizarreries cubiques</i> (cubic oddities).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein</a> referred to landscapes made by Picasso in 1909, such as <i>Reservoir at Horta de Ebro</i>, as the first Cubist paintings. The first organized group exhibition by Cubists took place at the <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon des Indépendants">Salon des Indépendants</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> during the spring of 1911 in a room called 'Salle 41'; it included works by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a>, yet no works by Picasso or Braque were exhibited.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1911 Picasso was recognized as the inventor of Cubism, while Braque's importance and precedence was argued later, with respect to his treatment of space, volume and mass in the L’Estaque landscapes. But "this view of Cubism is associated with a distinctly restrictive definition of which artists are properly to be called Cubists," wrote the art historian Christopher Green: "Marginalizing the contribution of the artists who exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants in 1911 [...]"<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The assertion that the Cubist depiction of space, mass, time, and volume supports (rather than contradicts) the flatness of the canvas was made by <a href="/wiki/Daniel-Henry_Kahnweiler" title="Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler">Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler</a> as early as 1920,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it was subject to criticism in the 1950s and 1960s, especially by <a href="/wiki/Clement_Greenberg" title="Clement Greenberg">Clement Greenberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contemporary views of Cubism are complex, formed to some extent in response to the "Salle 41" Cubists, whose methods were too distinct from those of Picasso and Braque to be considered merely secondary to them. Alternative interpretations of Cubism have therefore developed. Wider views of Cubism include artists who were later associated with the "Salle 41" artists, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>; the brothers <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, who beginning in late 1911 formed the core of the <a href="/wiki/Section_d%27Or" title="Section d'Or">Section d'Or</a> (or the <a href="/wiki/Puteaux_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Puteaux Group">Puteaux Group</a>); the sculptors <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipenko" title="Alexander Archipenko">Alexander Archipenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ossip_Zadkine" title="Ossip Zadkine">Ossip Zadkine</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lipchitz" title="Jacques Lipchitz">Jacques Lipchitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_Laurens" title="Henri Laurens">Henri Laurens</a>; and painters such as <a href="/wiki/Louis_Marcoussis" title="Louis Marcoussis">Louis Marcoussis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_La_Fresnaye" title="Roger de La Fresnaye">Roger de La Fresnaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Kupka" title="František Kupka">František Kupka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_Survage" title="Léopold Survage">Léopold Survage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Herbin" title="Auguste Herbin">Auguste Herbin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lhote" title="André Lhote">André Lhote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gino_Severini" title="Gino Severini">Gino Severini</a> (after 1916), <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Blanchard" title="María Blanchard">María Blanchard</a> (after 1916) and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Valmier" title="Georges Valmier">Georges Valmier</a> (after 1918). More fundamentally, Christopher Green argues that Douglas Cooper's terms were "later undermined by interpretations of the work of Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger that stress iconographic and ideological questions rather than methods of representation."<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Berger" title="John Berger">John Berger</a> identifies the essence of Cubism with the mechanical diagram. "The metaphorical model of Cubism is the diagram: The diagram being a visible symbolic representation of invisible processes, forces, structures. A diagram need not eschew certain aspects of appearance but these too will be treated as signs not as imitations or recreations."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Cubism:_1909–1914"><span id="Early_Cubism:_1909.E2.80.931914"></span>Early Cubism: 1909–1914</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early Cubism: 1909–1914"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Gleizes,_l%27Homme_au_Balcon,_1912,_oil_on_canvas,_195.6_x_114.9_cm,_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Albert_Gleizes%2C_l%27Homme_au_Balcon%2C_1912%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_195.6_x_114.9_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/200px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_l%27Homme_au_Balcon%2C_1912%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_195.6_x_114.9_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Albert_Gleizes%2C_l%27Homme_au_Balcon%2C_1912%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_195.6_x_114.9_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/300px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_l%27Homme_au_Balcon%2C_1912%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_195.6_x_114.9_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Albert_Gleizes%2C_l%27Homme_au_Balcon%2C_1912%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_195.6_x_114.9_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/400px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_l%27Homme_au_Balcon%2C_1912%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_195.6_x_114.9_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="1442" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Man_on_a_Balcony_(Gleizes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Man on a Balcony (Gleizes)">L'Homme au Balcon, Man on a Balcony (Portrait of Dr. Théo Morinaud)</a></i>, 1912, oil on canvas, 195.6 × 114.9 cm (77 × 45 1/4 in.), <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a>. Completed the same year that Albert Gleizes co-authored the book <i>Du "Cubisme"</i> with Jean Metzinger. Exhibited at <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Salon d'Automne</span></span>, Paris, 1912, <a href="/wiki/Armory_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Armory show">Armory show</a>, New York, Chicago, Boston, 1913.</figcaption></figure> <p>There was a distinct difference between Kahnweiler's Cubists and the Salon Cubists. Prior to 1914, Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger (to a lesser extent) gained the support of a single committed art dealer in Paris, Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, who guaranteed them an annual income for the exclusive right to buy their works. Kahnweiler sold only to a small circle of connoisseurs. His support gave his artists the freedom to experiment in relative privacy. Picasso worked in Montmartre until 1912, while Braque and Gris remained there until after the First World War. Léger was based in Montparnasse.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast, the Salon Cubists built their reputation primarily by exhibiting regularly at the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Salon d'Automne</span></span> and the Salon des Indépendants, both major non-academic Salons in Paris. They were inevitably more aware of public response and the need to communicate.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Already in 1910 a group began to form which included Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay and Léger. They met regularly at Henri le Fauconnier's studio near the <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_du_Montparnasse" title="Boulevard du Montparnasse">boulevard du Montparnasse</a>. These soirées often included writers such as Guillaume Apollinaire and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Salmon" title="André Salmon">André Salmon</a>. Together with other young artists, the group wanted to emphasise a research into form, in opposition to the Neo-Impressionist emphasis on color.<sup id="cite_ref-Fondation_Gleizes,_Chronologie_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fondation_Gleizes,_Chronologie-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Louis Vauxcelles, in his review of the 26th Salon des Indépendants (1910), made a passing and imprecise reference to Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay, Léger and Le Fauconnier as "ignorant geometers, reducing the human body, the site, to pallid cubes."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_1985_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Robbins_1985-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 1910 <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Salon d'Automne</span></span>, a few months later, Metzinger exhibited his highly fractured <i><a href="/wiki/Nu_%C3%A0_la_chemin%C3%A9e" title="Nu à la cheminée">Nu à la cheminée (Nude)</a></i>, which was subsequently reproduced in both <i>Du "Cubisme"</i> (1912) and <i>Les Peintres Cubistes</i> (1913).<sup id="cite_ref-Apollinaire_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollinaire-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first public controversy generated by Cubism resulted from Salon showings at the Indépendants during the spring of 1911. This showing by Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay, le Fauconnier and Léger brought Cubism to the attention of the general public for the first time. Amongst the Cubist works presented, Robert Delaunay exhibited his <i>Eiffel Tower, Tour Eiffel</i> (Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_%22Cubists%22_Dominate_Paris%27_Fall_Salon,_The_New_York_Times,_October_8,_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_%22Cubists%22_Dominate_Paris%27_Fall_Salon%2C_The_New_York_Times%2C_October_8%2C_1911.jpg/230px-The_%22Cubists%22_Dominate_Paris%27_Fall_Salon%2C_The_New_York_Times%2C_October_8%2C_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_%22Cubists%22_Dominate_Paris%27_Fall_Salon%2C_The_New_York_Times%2C_October_8%2C_1911.jpg/345px-The_%22Cubists%22_Dominate_Paris%27_Fall_Salon%2C_The_New_York_Times%2C_October_8%2C_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_%22Cubists%22_Dominate_Paris%27_Fall_Salon%2C_The_New_York_Times%2C_October_8%2C_1911.jpg/460px-The_%22Cubists%22_Dominate_Paris%27_Fall_Salon%2C_The_New_York_Times%2C_October_8%2C_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2629" data-file-height="3731" /></a><figcaption>The "Cubists" Dominate Paris' Fall Salon, <i>The New York Times</i>, October 8, 1911. Picasso's 1908 <i>Seated Woman</i> (<i>Meditation</i>) is reproduced along with a photograph of the artist in his studio (upper left). Metzinger's <i><a href="/wiki/Baigneuses_(Metzinger)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baigneuses (Metzinger)">Baigneuses</a></i> (1908–09) is reproduced top right. Also reproduced are works by Derain, Matisse, Friesz, Herbin, and a photo of Braque.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Salon d'Automne</span></span> of the same year, in addition to the Indépendants group of <i>Salle 41</i>, were exhibited works by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lhote" title="André Lhote">André Lhote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, Jacques Villon, <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_La_Fresnaye" title="Roger de La Fresnaye">Roger de La Fresnaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Dunoyer_de_Segonzac" title="André Dunoyer de Segonzac">André Dunoyer de Segonzac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Kupka" title="František Kupka">František Kupka</a>. The exhibition was reviewed in the October 8, 1911 issue of <i>The New York Times</i>. This article was published a year after <a href="/wiki/Gelett_Burgess" title="Gelett Burgess">Gelett Burgess</a>' <i>The Wild Men of Paris</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gelett_Burgess_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelett_Burgess-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two years prior to the <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a>, which introduced astonished Americans, accustomed to realistic art, to the experimental styles of the European avant garde, including Fauvism, Cubism, and Futurism. The 1911 <i>New York Times</i> article portrayed works by Picasso, Matisse, Derain, Metzinger and others dated before 1909; not exhibited at the 1911 Salon. The article was titled <i>The "Cubists" Dominate Paris' Fall Salon</i> and subtitled <i>Eccentric School of Painting Increases Its Vogue in the Current Art Exhibition – What Its Followers Attempt to Do.</i><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NY_Times_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Among all the paintings on exhibition at the Paris Fall Salon none is attracting so much attention as the extraordinary productions of the so-called "Cubist" school. In fact, dispatches from Paris suggest these works are easily the main feature of the exhibition. [...] </p><p>In spite of the crazy nature of the "Cubist" theories the number of those professing them is fairly respectable. Georges Braque, André Derain, Picasso, Czobel, Othon Friesz, Herbin, Metzinger—these are a few of the names signed to canvases before which Paris has stood and now again stands in blank amazement. </p><p> What do they mean? Have those responsible for them taken leave of their senses? Is it art or madness? Who knows?<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NY_Times_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Salon_des_Indépendants"><span id="Salon_des_Ind.C3.A9pendants"></span>Salon des Indépendants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Salon des Indépendants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The subsequent 1912 Salon des Indépendants located in Paris (20 March to 16 May 1912) was marked by the presentation of Marcel Duchamp's <i><a href="/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a></i>, which itself caused a scandal, even amongst the Cubists. It was in fact rejected by the hanging committee, which included his brothers and other Cubists. Although the work was shown in the Salon de la Section d'Or in October 1912 and the 1913 Armory Show in New York, Duchamp never forgave his brothers and former colleagues for censoring his work.<sup id="cite_ref-Fondation_Gleizes,_Chronologie_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fondation_Gleizes,_Chronologie-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juan Gris, a new addition to the Salon scene, exhibited his <i>Portrait of Picasso</i> (Art Institute of Chicago), while Metzinger's two showings included <i><a href="/wiki/La_Femme_au_Cheval" class="mw-redirect" title="La Femme au Cheval">La Femme au Cheval</a></i> (<i>Woman with a horse</i>, 1911–1912, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Denmark" title="National Gallery of Denmark">National Gallery of Denmark</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Delaunay's monumental <i>La Ville de Paris</i> (Musée d'art moderne de la Ville de Paris) and Léger's <i>La Noce</i> (<i>The Wedding</i>, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris), were also exhibited. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Galeries_Dalmau">Galeries Dalmau</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Galeries Dalmau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1912, <a href="/wiki/Galeries_Dalmau" title="Galeries Dalmau">Galeries Dalmau</a> presented the first declared group exhibition of Cubism worldwide (<i>Exposició d'Art Cubista</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-Antliff,_Leighten_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antliff,_Leighten-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carol_A._Hess_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carol_A._Hess-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a controversial showing by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Juan Gris, Marie Laurencin and Marcel Duchamp (Barcelona, 20 April to 10 May 1912). The Dalmau exhibition comprised 83 works by 26 artists.<sup id="cite_ref-Vidal_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vidal-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cubista_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cubista-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jacques Nayral's association with Gleizes led him to write the Preface for the Cubist exhibition,<sup id="cite_ref-Antliff,_Leighten_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antliff,_Leighten-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was fully translated and reproduced in the newspaper <i>La Veu de Catalunya</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duchamp's <i>Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</i> was exhibited for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-Robinson_et_al_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson_et_al-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Extensive media coverage (in newspapers and magazines) before, during and after the exhibition launched the Galeries Dalmau as a force in the development and propagation of modernism in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Robinson_et_al_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson_et_al-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While press coverage was extensive, it was not always positive. Articles were published in the newspapers <i>Esquella de La Torratxa</i><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>El Noticiero Universal</i><sup id="cite_ref-Noticiero_Universal_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noticiero_Universal-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attacking the Cubists with a series of caricatures laced with derogatory text.<sup id="cite_ref-Noticiero_Universal_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noticiero_Universal-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Art historian Jaime Brihuega writes of the Dalmau show: "No doubt that the exhibition produced a strong commotion in the public, who welcomed it with a lot of suspicion.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A major development in Cubism occurred in 1912 with Braque's and Picasso's introduction of collage in the modernist sense. Picasso is credited with creating the first Cubist collage, <i>Still-life With Chair Caning</i>, in May 1912,<sup id="cite_ref-Rubin_36_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin_36-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Braque preceded Picasso in the creation of Cubist cardboard sculptures and <a href="/wiki/Papier_coll%C3%A9" title="Papier collé">papiers collés</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Papiers collés were often composed of pieces of everyday paper artifacts such as newspaper, table cloth, wallpaper and sheet music, whereas Cubist collages combined disparate materials—in the case of <i>Still-life With Chair Caning</i>, freely brushed oil paint and commercially printed oilcloth together on a canvas.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubin_36_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin_36-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Salon_d'Automne"><span id="Salon_d.27Automne"></span>Salon d'Automne</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Salon d'Automne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cubist contribution to the <a href="/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne#1912.2C_political_ramifications" title="Salon d'Automne">1912 Salon d'Automne</a> created scandal regarding the use of government owned buildings, such as the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a>, to exhibit such artwork. The indignation of the politician <a href="/wiki/Jean_Pierre_Philippe_Lampu%C3%A9" title="Jean Pierre Philippe Lampué">Jean Pierre Philippe Lampué</a> made the front page of <i>Le Journal</i>, 5 October 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The controversy spread to the Municipal Council of Paris, leading to a debate in the Chambre des Députés about the use of public funds to provide the venue for such art.<sup id="cite_ref-Débats_parlementaires_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Débats_parlementaires-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cubists were defended by the Socialist deputy, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Sembat" title="Marcel Sembat">Marcel Sembat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Débats_parlementaires_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Débats_parlementaires-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Patrick_F._Barrer_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patrick_F._Barrer-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was against this background of public anger that Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Du_%22Cubisme%22" title="Du "Cubisme"">Du "Cubisme"</a></i> (published by Eugène Figuière in 1912, translated to English and Russian in 1913).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the works exhibited were <a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Le Fauconnier</a>'s vast composition <i>Les Montagnards attaqués par des ours (Mountaineers Attacked by Bears)</i> now at Rhode Island School of Design Museum, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a>'s <i>Deux Femme, Two Women</i> (a sculpture now lost), in addition to the highly abstract paintings by Kupka, <i>Amorpha</i> (The National Gallery, Prague), and <a href="/wiki/Picabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Picabia">Picabia</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spring" title="The Spring">La Source (The Spring)</a></i> (Museum of Modern Art, New York). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abstraction_and_the_ready-made">Abstraction and the ready-made</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Abstraction and the ready-made"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Delaunay,_1912,_Les_Fen%C3%AAtres_simultan%C3%A9e_sur_la_ville_(Simultaneous_Windows_on_the_City),_40_x_46_cm,_Kunsthalle_Hamburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Robert_Delaunay%2C_1912%2C_Les_Fen%C3%AAtres_simultan%C3%A9e_sur_la_ville_%28Simultaneous_Windows_on_the_City%29%2C_40_x_46_cm%2C_Kunsthalle_Hamburg.jpg/220px-Robert_Delaunay%2C_1912%2C_Les_Fen%C3%AAtres_simultan%C3%A9e_sur_la_ville_%28Simultaneous_Windows_on_the_City%29%2C_40_x_46_cm%2C_Kunsthalle_Hamburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Robert_Delaunay%2C_1912%2C_Les_Fen%C3%AAtres_simultan%C3%A9e_sur_la_ville_%28Simultaneous_Windows_on_the_City%29%2C_40_x_46_cm%2C_Kunsthalle_Hamburg.jpg/330px-Robert_Delaunay%2C_1912%2C_Les_Fen%C3%AAtres_simultan%C3%A9e_sur_la_ville_%28Simultaneous_Windows_on_the_City%29%2C_40_x_46_cm%2C_Kunsthalle_Hamburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Robert_Delaunay%2C_1912%2C_Les_Fen%C3%AAtres_simultan%C3%A9e_sur_la_ville_%28Simultaneous_Windows_on_the_City%29%2C_40_x_46_cm%2C_Kunsthalle_Hamburg.jpg/440px-Robert_Delaunay%2C_1912%2C_Les_Fen%C3%AAtres_simultan%C3%A9e_sur_la_ville_%28Simultaneous_Windows_on_the_City%29%2C_40_x_46_cm%2C_Kunsthalle_Hamburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a>, <i>Simultaneous Windows on the City</i>, 1912, 46 x 40 cm, <a href="/wiki/Hamburger_Kunsthalle" title="Hamburger Kunsthalle">Hamburger Kunsthalle</a>, an example of <i>Abstract Cubism</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The most extreme forms of Cubism were not those practiced by Picasso and Braque, who resisted total abstraction. Other Cubists, by contrast, especially <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Kupka" title="František Kupka">František Kupka</a>, and those considered <a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphists</a> by <a href="/wiki/Apollinaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollinaire">Apollinaire</a> (Delaunay, Léger, Picabia and Duchamp), accepted abstraction by removing visible subject matter entirely. Kupka's two entries at the 1912 Salon d'Automne, <i>Amorpha-Fugue à deux couleurs</i> and <i>Amorpha chromatique chaude</i>, were highly abstract (or nonrepresentational) and metaphysical in orientation. Both Duchamp in 1912 and Picabia from 1912 to 1914 developed an expressive and allusive abstraction dedicated to complex emotional and sexual themes. Beginning in 1912 Delaunay painted a series of paintings entitled <i>Simultaneous Windows</i>, followed by a series entitled <i>Formes Circulaires</i>, in which he combined planar structures with bright prismatic hues; based on the optical characteristics of juxtaposed colors his departure from reality in the depiction of imagery was quasi-complete. In 1913–14 Léger produced a series entitled <i>Contrasts of Forms</i>, giving a similar stress to color, line and form. His Cubism, despite its abstract qualities, was associated with themes of mechanization and modern life. Apollinaire supported these early developments of abstract Cubism in <i>Les Peintres cubistes</i> (1913),<sup id="cite_ref-Apollinaire_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollinaire-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writing of a new "pure" painting in which the subject was vacated. But in spite of his use of the term Orphism these works were so different that they defy attempts to place them in a single category.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also labeled an Orphist by Apollinaire, Marcel Duchamp was responsible for another extreme development inspired by Cubism. The <a href="/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="Readymades of Marcel Duchamp">ready-made</a> arose from a joint consideration that the work itself is considered an object (just as a painting), and that it uses the material detritus of the world (as collage and papier collé in the Cubist construction and Assemblage). The next logical step, for Duchamp, was to present an ordinary object as a self-sufficient work of art representing only itself. In 1913 he attached a bicycle wheel to a kitchen stool and in 1914 selected a bottle-drying rack as a sculpture in its own right.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Section_d'Or"><span id="Section_d.27Or"></span>Section d'Or</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Section d'Or"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Section_d%27Or" title="Section d'Or">Section d'Or</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salon_d%27Automne_1912,_Paris,_works_exhibited_by_Kupka,_Modigliani,_Csaky,_Picabia,_Metzinger,_Le_Fauconnier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Salon_d%27Automne_1912%2C_Paris%2C_works_exhibited_by_Kupka%2C_Modigliani%2C_Csaky%2C_Picabia%2C_Metzinger%2C_Le_Fauconnier.jpg/350px-Salon_d%27Automne_1912%2C_Paris%2C_works_exhibited_by_Kupka%2C_Modigliani%2C_Csaky%2C_Picabia%2C_Metzinger%2C_Le_Fauconnier.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Salon_d%27Automne_1912%2C_Paris%2C_works_exhibited_by_Kupka%2C_Modigliani%2C_Csaky%2C_Picabia%2C_Metzinger%2C_Le_Fauconnier.jpg/525px-Salon_d%27Automne_1912%2C_Paris%2C_works_exhibited_by_Kupka%2C_Modigliani%2C_Csaky%2C_Picabia%2C_Metzinger%2C_Le_Fauconnier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Salon_d%27Automne_1912%2C_Paris%2C_works_exhibited_by_Kupka%2C_Modigliani%2C_Csaky%2C_Picabia%2C_Metzinger%2C_Le_Fauconnier.jpg/700px-Salon_d%27Automne_1912%2C_Paris%2C_works_exhibited_by_Kupka%2C_Modigliani%2C_Csaky%2C_Picabia%2C_Metzinger%2C_Le_Fauconnier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6342" data-file-height="2864" /></a><figcaption>The <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne">Salon d'Automne</a></span></span> of 1912, held in Paris at the Grand Palais from 1 October to 8 November. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a>'s sculpture <i><a href="/wiki/Groupe_de_femmes" title="Groupe de femmes">Groupe de femmes</a></i> of 1911–12 is exhibited to the left, in front of two sculptures by <a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Amedeo Modigliani</a>. Other works by <a href="/wiki/Section_d%27Or" title="Section d'Or">Section d'Or</a> artists are shown (left to right): <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Kupka" title="František Kupka">František Kupka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Section d'Or</i>, also known as <i>Groupe de Puteaux</i>, founded by some of the most conspicuous Cubists, was a collective of painters, sculptors and critics associated with Cubism and Orphism, active from 1911 through about 1914, coming to prominence in the wake of their controversial showing at the 1911 <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon des Indépendants">Salon des Indépendants</a>. The <i>Salon de la Section d'Or</i> at the <i>Galerie La Boétie</i> in Paris, October 1912, was arguably the most important pre-World War I Cubist exhibition; exposing Cubism to a wide audience. Over 200 works were displayed, and the fact that many of the artists showed artworks representative of their development from 1909 to 1912 gave the exhibition the allure of a Cubist retrospective.<sup id="cite_ref-The_History_and_Chronology_of_Cubism_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_History_and_Chronology_of_Cubism-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group seems to have adopted the name Section d'Or to distinguish themselves from the narrower definition of Cubism developed in parallel by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a> quarter of Paris, and to show that Cubism, rather than being an isolated art-form, represented the continuation of a grand tradition (indeed, the <a href="/wiki/Golden_ratio" title="Golden ratio">golden ratio</a> had fascinated Western intellectuals of diverse interests for at least 2,400 years).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The idea of the Section d'Or originated in the course of conversations between Metzinger, Gleizes and Jacques Villon. The group's title was suggested by Villon, after reading a 1910 translation of <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Urbinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Urbinas">Trattato della Pittura</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phin_P%C3%A9ladan" title="Joséphin Péladan">Joséphin Péladan</a>. </p><p>During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Europeans were discovering <a href="/wiki/African_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="African culture">African</a>, Polynesian, <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> art. Artists such as <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, and Pablo Picasso were intrigued and inspired by the stark power and simplicity of styles of those foreign cultures. Around 1906, Picasso met Matisse through <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein</a>, at a time when both artists had recently acquired an interest in <a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">primitivism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberian</a> sculpture, <a href="/wiki/African_art" title="African art">African art</a> and <a href="/wiki/African_tribal_masks" class="mw-redirect" title="African tribal masks">African tribal masks</a>. They became friendly rivals and competed with each other throughout their careers, perhaps leading to Picasso entering a new period in his work by 1907, marked by the influence of Greek, Iberian and African art. Picasso's paintings of 1907 have been characterized as <a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Protocubism</a>, as notably seen in <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Antecedent_(genealogy)" title="Antecedent (genealogy)">antecedent</a> of Cubism.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper,_24_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper,_24-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Carri%C3%A8re_de_Bib%C3%A9mus,_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne,_Yorck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La_Carri%C3%A8re_de_Bib%C3%A9mus%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg/250px-La_Carri%C3%A8re_de_Bib%C3%A9mus%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La_Carri%C3%A8re_de_Bib%C3%A9mus%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg/375px-La_Carri%C3%A8re_de_Bib%C3%A9mus%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La_Carri%C3%A8re_de_Bib%C3%A9mus%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg/500px-La_Carri%C3%A8re_de_Bib%C3%A9mus%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_Yorck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1645" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, <i>Quarry Bibémus</i>, 1898–1900, <a href="/wiki/Museum_Folkwang,_Essen" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Folkwang, Essen">Museum Folkwang, Essen</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>Art historian Douglas Cooper says <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a> "were particularly influential to the formation of Cubism and especially important to the paintings of Picasso during 1906 and 1907".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cooper goes on to say: "The <i>Demoiselles</i> is generally referred to as the first Cubist picture. This is an exaggeration, for although it was a major first step towards Cubism it is not yet Cubist. The disruptive, <a href="/wiki/Expressionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Expressionist">expressionist</a> element in it is even contrary to the spirit of Cubism, which looked at the world in a detached, realistic spirit. Nevertheless, the <i>Demoiselles</i> is the logical picture to take as the starting point for Cubism, because it marks the birth of a new pictorial idiom, because in it Picasso violently overturned established conventions and because all that followed grew out of it."<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper,_24_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper,_24-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most serious objection to regarding the <i>Demoiselles</i> as the origin of Cubism, with its evident influence of primitive art, is that "such deductions are unhistorical", wrote the art historian <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Robbins_(art_historian)" title="Daniel Robbins (art historian)">Daniel Robbins</a>. This familiar explanation "fails to give adequate consideration to the complexities of a flourishing art that existed just before and during the period when Picasso's new painting developed."<sup id="cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Robbins-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1905 and 1908, a conscious search for a new style caused rapid changes in art across France, Germany, The Netherlands, Italy, and Russia. The Impressionists had used a double point of view, and both <a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolists</a> (who also admired Cézanne) flattened the picture plane, reducing their subjects to simple geometric forms. <a href="/wiki/Neo-impressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-impressionism">Neo-Impressionist</a> structure and subject matter, most notably to be seen in the works of <a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a> (e.g., <i>Parade de Cirque</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Chahut" title="Le Chahut">Le Chahut</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Circus_(Seurat_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Circus (Seurat painting)">Le Cirque</a></i>), was another important influence. There were also parallels in the development of literature and social thought.<sup id="cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Robbins-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to Seurat, the roots of cubism are to be found in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne's later work: first his breaking of the painted surface into small multifaceted areas of paint, thereby emphasizing the plural viewpoint given by <a href="/wiki/Binocular_vision" title="Binocular vision">binocular vision</a>, and second his interest in the simplification of natural forms into cylinders, spheres, and cones. However, the cubists explored this concept further than Cézanne. They represented all the surfaces of depicted objects in a single picture plane, as if the objects had all their faces visible at the same time. This new kind of depiction revolutionized the way objects could be visualized in painting and art. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_1911-12,_La_Femme_au_Cheval_-_The_Rider.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1911-12%2C_La_Femme_au_Cheval_-_The_Rider.jpg/230px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1911-12%2C_La_Femme_au_Cheval_-_The_Rider.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1911-12%2C_La_Femme_au_Cheval_-_The_Rider.jpg/345px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1911-12%2C_La_Femme_au_Cheval_-_The_Rider.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1911-12%2C_La_Femme_au_Cheval_-_The_Rider.jpg/460px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1911-12%2C_La_Femme_au_Cheval_-_The_Rider.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="1276" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, 1911–12, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Femme_au_Cheval" class="mw-redirect" title="La Femme au Cheval">La Femme au Cheval</a>, Woman with a horse</i>, Statens Museum for Kunst, National Gallery of Denmark. Exhibited at the 1912 Salon des Indépendants, and published in Apollinaire's 1913 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cubist_Painters,_Aesthetic_Meditations" title="The Cubist Painters, Aesthetic Meditations">The Cubist Painters, Aesthetic Meditations</a></i>. Provenance: Jacques Nayral, <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The historical study of Cubism began in the late 1920s, drawing at first from sources of limited data, namely the opinions of <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Guillaume Apollinaire</a>. It came to rely heavily on <a href="/wiki/Daniel-Henry_Kahnweiler" title="Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler">Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler</a>'s book <i>Der Weg zum Kubismus</i> (published in 1920), which centered on the developments of Picasso, Braque, Léger, and Gris. The terms "analytical" and "synthetic" which subsequently emerged have been widely accepted since the mid-1930s. Both terms are historical impositions that occurred after the facts they identify. Neither phase was designated as such at the time corresponding works were created. "If Kahnweiler considers Cubism as Picasso and Braque," wrote Daniel Robbins, "our only fault is in subjecting other Cubists' works to the rigors of that limited definition."<sup id="cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Robbins-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traditional interpretation of "Cubism", formulated <i>post facto</i> as a means of understanding the works of Braque and Picasso, has affected our appreciation of other twentieth-century artists. It is difficult to apply to painters such as <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, Albert Gleizes, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a>, whose fundamental differences from traditional Cubism compelled Kahnweiler to question whether to call them Cubists at all. According to <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Robbins_(art_historian)" title="Daniel Robbins (art historian)">Daniel Robbins</a>, "To suggest that merely because these artists developed differently or varied from the traditional pattern they deserved to be relegated to a secondary or satellite role in Cubism is a profound mistake."<sup id="cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Robbins-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The history of the term "Cubism" usually stresses the fact that Matisse referred to "cubes" in connection with a painting by Braque in 1908, and that the term was published twice by the critic <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vauxcelles" title="Louis Vauxcelles">Louis Vauxcelles</a> in a similar context. However, the word "cube" was used in 1906 by another critic, Louis Chassevent, with reference not to Picasso or Braque but rather to Metzinger and Delaunay: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>"M. Metzinger is a mosaicist like M. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Signac</a> but he brings more precision to the cutting of his cubes of color which appear to have been made mechanically [...]".<sup id="cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Robbins-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robert_Herbert_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robert_Herbert-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The critical use of the word "cube" goes back at least to May 1901 when Jean Béral, reviewing the work of <a href="/wiki/Henri-Edmond_Cross" title="Henri-Edmond Cross">Henri-Edmond Cross</a> at the Indépendants in <i>Art et Littérature</i>, commented that he "uses a large and square pointillism, giving the impression of mosaic. One even wonders why the artist has not used cubes of solid matter diversely colored: they would make pretty revetments." (Robert Herbert, 1968, p. 221)<sup id="cite_ref-Robert_Herbert_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robert_Herbert-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term Cubism did not come into general usage until 1911, mainly with reference to Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay, and Léger.<sup id="cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Robbins-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1911, the poet and critic <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Guillaume Apollinaire</a> accepted the term on behalf of a group of artists invited to exhibit at the Brussels Indépendants. The following year, in preparation for the Salon de la <a href="/wiki/Section_d%27Or" title="Section d'Or">Section d'Or</a>, Metzinger and Gleizes wrote and published <i><a href="/wiki/Du_%22Cubisme%22" title="Du "Cubisme"">Du "Cubisme"</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in an effort to dispel the confusion raging around the word, and as a major defence of Cubism (which had caused a public scandal following the 1911 Salon des Indépendants and the 1912 Salon d'Automne in Paris).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clarifying their aims as artists, this work was the first theoretical treatise on Cubism and it still remains the clearest and most intelligible. The result, not solely a collaboration between its two authors, reflected discussions by the circle of artists who met in <a href="/wiki/Puteaux" title="Puteaux">Puteaux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Courbevoie" title="Courbevoie">Courbevoie</a>. It mirrored the attitudes of the "artists of Passy", which included Picabia and the Duchamp brothers, to whom sections of it were read prior to publication.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Robbins-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept developed in <i>Du "Cubisme"</i> of observing a subject from different points in space and time simultaneously, i.e., the act of moving around an object to seize it from several successive angles fused into a single image (multiple viewpoints, mobile perspective, simultaneity or multiplicity), is a generally recognized device used by the Cubists.<sup id="cite_ref-David_Cottington_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David_Cottington-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1912 manifesto <i><a href="/wiki/Du_%22Cubisme%22" title="Du "Cubisme"">Du "Cubisme"</a></i> by Metzinger and Gleizes was followed in 1913 by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cubist_Painters,_Aesthetic_Meditations" title="The Cubist Painters, Aesthetic Meditations">Les Peintres Cubistes</a></i>, a collection of reflections and commentaries by Guillaume Apollinaire.<sup id="cite_ref-Apollinaire_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollinaire-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apollinaire had been closely involved with Picasso beginning in 1905, and Braque beginning in 1907, but gave as much attention to artists such as Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay, Picabia, and Duchamp.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fact that the 1912 exhibition had been curated to show the successive stages through which Cubism had transited, and that <i><a href="/wiki/Du_%22Cubisme%22" title="Du "Cubisme"">Du "Cubisme"</a></i> had been published for the occasion, indicates the artists' intention of making their work comprehensible to a wide audience (art critics, art collectors, art dealers and the general public). Undoubtedly, due to the great success of the exhibition, Cubism became avant-garde movement recognized as a genre or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal.<sup id="cite_ref-The_History_and_Chronology_of_Cubism_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_History_and_Chronology_of_Cubism-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crystal_Cubism:_1914–1918"><span id="Crystal_Cubism:_1914.E2.80.931918"></span>Crystal Cubism: 1914–1918</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Crystal Cubism: 1914–1918"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cubism" title="Crystal Cubism">Crystal Cubism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_1915,_Soldat_jouant_aux_%C3%A9checs_(Soldier_at_a_Game_of_Chess),_oil_on_canvas,_81.3_x_61_cm,_Smart_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1915%2C_Soldat_jouant_aux_%C3%A9checs_%28Soldier_at_a_Game_of_Chess%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_81.3_x_61_cm%2C_Smart_Museum_of_Art.jpg/220px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1915%2C_Soldat_jouant_aux_%C3%A9checs_%28Soldier_at_a_Game_of_Chess%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_81.3_x_61_cm%2C_Smart_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1915%2C_Soldat_jouant_aux_%C3%A9checs_%28Soldier_at_a_Game_of_Chess%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_81.3_x_61_cm%2C_Smart_Museum_of_Art.jpg/330px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1915%2C_Soldat_jouant_aux_%C3%A9checs_%28Soldier_at_a_Game_of_Chess%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_81.3_x_61_cm%2C_Smart_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1915%2C_Soldat_jouant_aux_%C3%A9checs_%28Soldier_at_a_Game_of_Chess%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_81.3_x_61_cm%2C_Smart_Museum_of_Art.jpg/440px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1915%2C_Soldat_jouant_aux_%C3%A9checs_%28Soldier_at_a_Game_of_Chess%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_81.3_x_61_cm%2C_Smart_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1570" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Jean Metzinger, 1914–15, <i><a href="/wiki/Soldier_at_a_Game_of_Chess" title="Soldier at a Game of Chess">Soldat jouant aux échecs (Soldier at a Game of Chess, Le Soldat à la partie d'échecs)</a></i>, oil on canvas, 81.3 × 61 cm, <a href="/wiki/Smart_Museum_of_Art" title="Smart Museum of Art">Smart Museum of Art</a>, University of Chicago</figcaption></figure> <p>A significant modification of Cubism between 1914 and 1916 was signaled by a shift towards a strong emphasis on large overlapping geometric planes and flat surface activity. This grouping of styles of painting and sculpture, especially significant between 1917 and 1920, was practiced by several artists; particularly those under contract with the art dealer and collector <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9once_Rosenberg" title="Léonce Rosenberg">Léonce Rosenberg</a>. The tightening of the compositions, the clarity and sense of order reflected in these works, led to its being referred to by the critic <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Raynal" title="Maurice Raynal">Maurice Raynal</a> as 'crystal' Cubism. Considerations manifested by Cubists prior to the outset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>—such as the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art" title="Fourth dimension in art">fourth dimension</a>, dynamism of modern life, the occult, and <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a>'s concept of <a href="/wiki/Duration_(philosophy)" title="Duration (philosophy)">duration</a>—had now been vacated, replaced by a purely formal frame of reference.<sup id="cite_ref-Green,_1987_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green,_1987-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crystal Cubism, and its associative <i>rappel à l'ordre</i>, has been linked with an inclination—by those who served the armed forces and by those who remained in the civilian sector—to escape the realities of the Great War, both during and directly following the conflict. The purifying of Cubism from 1914 through the mid-1920s, with its cohesive unity and voluntary constraints, has been linked to a much broader <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideological</a> transformation towards <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservatism</a> in both French society and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">French culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cubism_after_1918">Cubism after 1918</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cubism after 1918"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picasso_three_musicians_moma_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/Picasso_three_musicians_moma_2006.jpg/250px-Picasso_three_musicians_moma_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/Picasso_three_musicians_moma_2006.jpg/375px-Picasso_three_musicians_moma_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/Picasso_three_musicians_moma_2006.jpg/500px-Picasso_three_musicians_moma_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Musicians_(Picasso)" title="Three Musicians (Picasso)">Three Musicians</a></i> (1921), <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, New York, USA (MoMA). <i>Three Musicians</i> is a classic example of synthetic cubism.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pablo_Picasso,_1921,_Nous_autres_musiciens_(Three_Musicians),_oil_on_canvas,_204.5_x_188.3_cm,_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1921%2C_Nous_autres_musiciens_%28Three_Musicians%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_204.5_x_188.3_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/270px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1921%2C_Nous_autres_musiciens_%28Three_Musicians%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_204.5_x_188.3_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1921%2C_Nous_autres_musiciens_%28Three_Musicians%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_204.5_x_188.3_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/405px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1921%2C_Nous_autres_musiciens_%28Three_Musicians%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_204.5_x_188.3_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1921%2C_Nous_autres_musiciens_%28Three_Musicians%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_204.5_x_188.3_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/540px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1921%2C_Nous_autres_musiciens_%28Three_Musicians%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_204.5_x_188.3_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4345" data-file-height="4700" /></a><figcaption>Pablo Picasso, 1921, <i>Nous autres musiciens (Three Musicians)</i>, oil on canvas, 204.5 × 188.3 cm, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The most innovative period of Cubism was before 1914.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After World War I, with the support given by the dealer <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9once_Rosenberg" title="Léonce Rosenberg">Léonce Rosenberg</a>, Cubism returned as a central issue for artists, and continued as such until the mid-1920s when its avant-garde status was rendered questionable by the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Geometric_abstraction" title="Geometric abstraction">geometric abstraction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Many Cubists, including Picasso, Braque, Gris, Léger, Gleizes, Metzinger and <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Pettoruti" title="Emilio Pettoruti">Emilio Pettoruti</a> while developing other styles, returned periodically to Cubism, even well after 1925. Cubism reemerged during the 1920s and the 1930s in the work of the American <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Davis_(painter)" title="Stuart Davis (painter)">Stuart Davis</a> and the Englishman <a href="/wiki/Ben_Nicholson" title="Ben Nicholson">Ben Nicholson</a>. In France, however, Cubism experienced a decline beginning in about 1925. Léonce Rosenberg exhibited not only the artists stranded by Kahnweiler's exile but others including Laurens, Lipchitz, Metzinger, Gleizes, Csaky, Herbin and Severini. In 1918 Rosenberg presented a series of Cubist exhibitions at his Galerie de l’Effort Moderne in Paris. Attempts were made by Louis Vauxcelles to argue that Cubism was dead, but these exhibitions, along with a well-organized Cubist show at the 1920 Salon des Indépendants and a revival of the Salon de la Section d’Or in the same year, demonstrated it was still alive.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reemergence of Cubism coincided with the appearance from about 1917 to 1924 of a coherent body of theoretical writing by Pierre Reverdy, Maurice Raynal and Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler and, among the artists, by Gris, Léger and Gleizes. The occasional return to classicism—figurative work either exclusively or alongside Cubist work—experienced by many artists during this period (called <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a>) has been linked to the tendency to evade the realities of the war and also to the cultural dominance of a classical or Latin image of France during and immediately following the war. Cubism after 1918 can be seen as part of a wide ideological shift towards <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservatism</a> in both <a href="/wiki/French_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="French culture">French</a> society and culture. Yet, Cubism itself remained evolutionary both within the oeuvre of individual artists, such as Gris and Metzinger, and across the work of artists as different from each other as Braque, Léger and Gleizes. Cubism as a publicly debated movement became relatively unified and open to definition. Its theoretical purity made it a gauge against which such diverse tendencies as <a href="/wiki/Realism_(visual_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Realism (visual arts)">Realism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)#Realism_or_naturalism_as_resisting_idealizing" title="Realism (arts)">Naturalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> and abstraction could be compared.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diego_Rivera,_1914,_Portrait_de_Messieurs_Kawashima_et_Foujita,_oil_and_collage_on_canvas,_78.5_x_74_cm,_private_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diego_Rivera%2C_1914%2C_Portrait_de_Messieurs_Kawashima_et_Foujita%2C_oil_and_collage_on_canvas%2C_78.5_x_74_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg/220px-Diego_Rivera%2C_1914%2C_Portrait_de_Messieurs_Kawashima_et_Foujita%2C_oil_and_collage_on_canvas%2C_78.5_x_74_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diego_Rivera%2C_1914%2C_Portrait_de_Messieurs_Kawashima_et_Foujita%2C_oil_and_collage_on_canvas%2C_78.5_x_74_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg/330px-Diego_Rivera%2C_1914%2C_Portrait_de_Messieurs_Kawashima_et_Foujita%2C_oil_and_collage_on_canvas%2C_78.5_x_74_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diego_Rivera%2C_1914%2C_Portrait_de_Messieurs_Kawashima_et_Foujita%2C_oil_and_collage_on_canvas%2C_78.5_x_74_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg/440px-Diego_Rivera%2C_1914%2C_Portrait_de_Messieurs_Kawashima_et_Foujita%2C_oil_and_collage_on_canvas%2C_78.5_x_74_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a>, <i>Portrait de Messieurs Kawashima et Foujita</i>, 1914</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Influence_in_Asia">Influence in Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Influence in Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> were among the first countries in Asia to be influenced by Cubism. Contact first occurred via European texts translated and published in Japanese art journals in the 1910s. In the 1920s, Japanese and Chinese artists who studied in Paris, for example those enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_Beaux-Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts">École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts</a>, brought back with them both an understanding of modern art movements, including Cubism. Notable works exhibiting Cubist qualities were <a href="/wiki/Tetsugor%C5%8D_Yorozu" title="Tetsugorō Yorozu">Tetsugorō Yorozu</a>'s <i>Self Portrait with Red Eyes</i> (1912) and <a href="/wiki/Fang_Ganmin" title="Fang Ganmin">Fang Ganmin</a>'s <i>Melody in Autumn</i> (1934).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intentions_and_criticism">Intentions and criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Intentions and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Gris_-_Portrait_of_Pablo_Picasso_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Juan_Gris_-_Portrait_of_Pablo_Picasso_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/210px-Juan_Gris_-_Portrait_of_Pablo_Picasso_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Juan_Gris_-_Portrait_of_Pablo_Picasso_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/315px-Juan_Gris_-_Portrait_of_Pablo_Picasso_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Juan_Gris_-_Portrait_of_Pablo_Picasso_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/420px-Juan_Gris_-_Portrait_of_Pablo_Picasso_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6221" data-file-height="7913" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a>, <i>Portrait of Pablo Picasso</i>, 1912, oil on canvas, <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The Cubism of Picasso and Braque had more than a technical or formal significance, and the distinct attitudes and intentions of the Salon Cubists produced different kinds of Cubism, rather than a derivative of their work. "It is by no means clear, in any case," wrote Christopher Green, "to what extent these other Cubists depended on Picasso and Braque for their development of such techniques as faceting, 'passage' and multiple perspective; they could well have arrived at such practices with little knowledge of 'true' Cubism in its early stages, guided above all by their own understanding of Cézanne." The works exhibited by these Cubists at the 1911 and 1912 Salons extended beyond the conventional Cézanne-like subjects—the posed model, still-life and landscape—favored by Picasso and Braque to include large-scale modern-life subjects. Aimed at a large public, these works stressed the use of multiple perspective and complex planar faceting for expressive effect while preserving the eloquence of subjects endowed with literary and philosophical connotations.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i>Du "Cubisme"</i> Metzinger and Gleizes explicitly related the sense of time to multiple perspective, giving symbolic expression to the notion of ‘duration’ proposed by the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a> according to which life is subjectively experienced as a continuum, with the past flowing into the present and the present merging into the future. The Salon Cubists used the faceted treatment of solid and space and effects of multiple viewpoints to convey a physical and psychological sense of the fluidity of consciousness, blurring the distinctions between past, present and future. One of the major theoretical innovations made by the Salon Cubists, independently of Picasso and Braque, was that of <i>simultaneity</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> drawing to greater or lesser extent on theories of <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mach" title="Ernst Mach">Ernst Mach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_(librarian)" title="Charles Henry (librarian)">Charles Henry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Princet" title="Maurice Princet">Maurice Princet</a>, and Henri Bergson. With simultaneity, the concept of separate spatial and temporal dimensions was comprehensively challenged. <a href="/wiki/Perspective_(graphical)" title="Perspective (graphical)">Linear perspective</a> developed during <a href="/wiki/The_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="The Renaissance">the Renaissance</a> was vacated. The subject matter was no longer considered from a specific point of view at a moment in time, but built following a selection of successive viewpoints, i.e., as if viewed simultaneously from numerous angles (and in multiple dimensions) with the eye free to roam from one to the other.<sup id="cite_ref-David_Cottington_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David_Cottington-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This technique of representing simultaneity, multiple viewpoints (or <a href="/wiki/Relative_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative motion">relative motion</a>) is pushed to a high degree of complexity in Metzinger's <i><a href="/wiki/Nu_%C3%A0_la_chemin%C3%A9e" title="Nu à la cheminée">Nu à la cheminée</a></i>, exhibited at the 1910 Salon d'Automne; Gleizes' monumental <i><a href="/wiki/Harvest_Threshing" title="Harvest Threshing">Le Dépiquage des Moissons (Harvest Threshing)</a></i>, exhibited at the 1912 Salon de la Section d'Or; Le Fauconnier's <i>Abundance</i> shown at the Indépendants of 1911; and Delaunay's <i>City of Paris</i>, exhibited at the Indépendants in 1912. These ambitious works are some of the largest paintings in the history of Cubism. Léger's <i>The Wedding</i>, also shown at the Salon des Indépendants in 1912, gave form to the notion of simultaneity by presenting different motifs as occurring within a single temporal frame, where responses to the past and present interpenetrate with collective force. The conjunction of such subject matter with simultaneity aligns Salon Cubism with early Futurist paintings by <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Umberto Boccioni</a>, Gino Severini and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Carr%C3%A0" title="Carlo Carrà">Carlo Carrà</a>; themselves made in response to early Cubism.<sup id="cite_ref-MoMA,_Meanings_and_interpretations_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoMA,_Meanings_and_interpretations-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cubism and <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">modern European art</a> was introduced into the United States at the now legendary 1913 <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, which then traveled to <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. In the Armory show <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> exhibited <i>La Femme au pot de moutarde</i> (1910), the sculpture <i>Head of a Woman (Fernande)</i> (1909–10), <i>Les Arbres</i> (1907) amongst other cubist works. <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a> exhibited seven important and large drypoints, while his brother <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a> shocked the American public with his painting <i><a href="/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a></i> (1912). <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a> exhibited his abstractions <i>La Danse à la source</i> and <i>La Procession, Seville</i> (both of 1912). <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a> exhibited <i><a href="/wiki/La_Femme_aux_Phlox_(Gleizes)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Femme aux Phlox (Gleizes)">La Femme aux phlox</a></i> (1910) and <i><a href="/wiki/Man_on_a_Balcony_(Gleizes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Man on a Balcony (Gleizes)">L'Homme au balcon</a></i> (1912), two highly stylized and faceted cubist works. <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_La_Fresnaye" title="Roger de La Fresnaye">Roger de La Fresnaye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipenko" title="Alexander Archipenko">Alexander Archipenko</a> also contributed examples of their cubist works. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cubist_sculpture">Cubist sculpture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cubist sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:328px;max-width:328px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Pablo Picasso, 1909–10, <i>Head of a Woman</i></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pablo_Picasso,_1909%E2%80%9310,_Head_of_a_Woman_(Fernande),_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier_(right_side).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909%E2%80%9310%2C_Head_of_a_Woman_%28Fernande%29%2C_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier_%28right_side%29.jpg/160px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909%E2%80%9310%2C_Head_of_a_Woman_%28Fernande%29%2C_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier_%28right_side%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909%E2%80%9310%2C_Head_of_a_Woman_%28Fernande%29%2C_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier_%28right_side%29.jpg/240px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909%E2%80%9310%2C_Head_of_a_Woman_%28Fernande%29%2C_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier_%28right_side%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909%E2%80%9310%2C_Head_of_a_Woman_%28Fernande%29%2C_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier_%28right_side%29.jpg/320px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909%E2%80%9310%2C_Head_of_a_Woman_%28Fernande%29%2C_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier_%28right_side%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="1254" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Side view, bronze sculpture modeled on <a href="/wiki/Fernande_Olivier" title="Fernande Olivier">Fernande Olivier</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pablo_Picasso,_1909%E2%80%9310,_Head_of_a_Woman_(Fernande),_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909%E2%80%9310%2C_Head_of_a_Woman_%28Fernande%29%2C_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier.jpg/160px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909%E2%80%9310%2C_Head_of_a_Woman_%28Fernande%29%2C_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909%E2%80%9310%2C_Head_of_a_Woman_%28Fernande%29%2C_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier.jpg/240px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909%E2%80%9310%2C_Head_of_a_Woman_%28Fernande%29%2C_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909%E2%80%9310%2C_Head_of_a_Woman_%28Fernande%29%2C_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier.jpg/320px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1909%E2%80%9310%2C_Head_of_a_Woman_%28Fernande%29%2C_modeled_on_Fernande_Olivier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="1249" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Frontal view of the same bronze cast, 40.5 × 23 × 26 cm</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">These photos were published in <i>Umělecký Mĕsíčník</i>, 1913<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cubist_sculpture" title="Cubist sculpture">Cubist sculpture</a></div> <p>Just as in painting, Cubist sculpture is rooted in Paul Cézanne's reduction of painted objects into component planes and geometric solids (cubes, spheres, cylinders, and cones). And just as in painting, it became a pervasive influence and contributed fundamentally to <a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a>. </p><p>Cubist sculpture developed in parallel to Cubist painting. During the autumn of 1909 Picasso sculpted <i>Head of a Woman (Fernande)</i> with positive features depicted by negative space and vice versa. According to Douglas Cooper: "The first true Cubist sculpture was Picasso's impressive <i>Woman's Head</i>, modeled in 1909–10, a counterpart in three dimensions to many similar analytical and faceted heads in his paintings at the time."<sup id="cite_ref-The_Cubist_Epoch_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Cubist_Epoch-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These positive/negative reversals were ambitiously exploited by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipenko" title="Alexander Archipenko">Alexander Archipenko</a> in 1912–13, for example in <i>Woman Walking</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a>, after Archipenko, was the first sculptor in Paris to join the Cubists, with whom he exhibited from 1911 onwards. They were followed by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a> and then in 1914 by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lipchitz" title="Jacques Lipchitz">Jacques Lipchitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Laurens" title="Henri Laurens">Henri Laurens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ossip_Zadkine" title="Ossip Zadkine">Ossip Zadkine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indeed, Cubist construction was as influential as any pictorial Cubist innovation. It was the stimulus behind the proto-Constructivist work of both <a href="/wiki/Naum_Gabo" title="Naum Gabo">Naum Gabo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin" title="Vladimir Tatlin">Vladimir Tatlin</a> and thus the starting-point for the entire constructive tendency in 20th-century modernist sculpture.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palace_of_Assembly_Chandigarh_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Palace_of_Assembly_Chandigarh_2006.jpg/280px-Palace_of_Assembly_Chandigarh_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Palace_of_Assembly_Chandigarh_2006.jpg/420px-Palace_of_Assembly_Chandigarh_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Palace_of_Assembly_Chandigarh_2006.jpg/560px-Palace_of_Assembly_Chandigarh_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4760" data-file-height="1990" /></a><figcaption>Le Corbusier, Assembly building, <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <p>Cubism formed an important link between early-20th-century art and architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-Blau_&_Troy_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blau_&_Troy-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historical, theoretical, and socio-political relationships between avant-garde practices in painting, sculpture and architecture had early ramifications in France, Germany, the Netherlands and <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>. Though there are many points of intersection between Cubism and architecture, only a few direct links between them can be drawn. Most often the connections are made by reference to shared formal characteristics: faceting of form, spatial ambiguity, transparency, and multiplicity.<sup id="cite_ref-Blau_&_Troy_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blau_&_Troy-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Architectural interest in Cubism centered on the dissolution and reconstitution of three-dimensional form, using simple geometric shapes, juxtaposed without the illusions of classical perspective. Diverse elements could be superimposed, made transparent or penetrate one another, while retaining their spatial relationships. Cubism had become an influential factor in the development of modern architecture from 1912 (<i>La Maison Cubiste</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a>) onwards, developing in parallel with architects such as <a href="/wiki/Peter_Behrens" title="Peter Behrens">Peter Behrens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Walter Gropius</a>, with the simplification of building design, the use of materials appropriate to industrial production, and the increased use of glass.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green,_Architecture_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green,_Architecture-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_-_Seefeld_-_Corbusier_-_Heidi_Weber_Museum_IMG_1552.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Z%C3%BCrich_-_Seefeld_-_Corbusier_-_Heidi_Weber_Museum_IMG_1552.JPG/280px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_Seefeld_-_Corbusier_-_Heidi_Weber_Museum_IMG_1552.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Z%C3%BCrich_-_Seefeld_-_Corbusier_-_Heidi_Weber_Museum_IMG_1552.JPG/420px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_Seefeld_-_Corbusier_-_Heidi_Weber_Museum_IMG_1552.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Z%C3%BCrich_-_Seefeld_-_Corbusier_-_Heidi_Weber_Museum_IMG_1552.JPG/560px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_Seefeld_-_Corbusier_-_Heidi_Weber_Museum_IMG_1552.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4214" data-file-height="2809" /></a><figcaption>Le Corbusier, <a href="/wiki/Centre_Le_Corbusier" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Le Corbusier">Centre Le Corbusier</a> (Heidi Weber Museum) in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>-<a href="/wiki/Seefeld_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Seefeld (Zürich)">Seefeld</a> (<a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrichhorn" title="Zürichhorn">Zürichhorn</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Cubism was relevant to an architecture seeking a style that needed not refer to the past. Thus, what had become a revolution in both painting and sculpture was applied as part of "a profound reorientation towards a changed world".<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green,_Architecture_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green,_Architecture-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cubo-Futurist ideas of <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Filippo Tommaso Marinetti</a> influenced attitudes in avant-garde architecture. The influential <a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a> movement embraced the aesthetic principles of Neo-plasticism developed by <a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Piet Mondrian</a> under the influence of Cubism in Paris. De Stijl was also linked by <a href="/wiki/Gino_Severini" title="Gino Severini">Gino Severini</a> to Cubist theory through the writings of Albert Gleizes. However, the linking of basic geometric forms with inherent beauty and ease of industrial application—which had been prefigured by Marcel Duchamp from 1914—was left to the founders of <a href="/wiki/Purism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Purism (arts)">Purism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Ozenfant" title="Amédée Ozenfant">Amédée Ozenfant</a> and Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (better known as <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>,) who exhibited paintings together in Paris and published <i>Après le cubisme</i> in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green,_Architecture_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green,_Architecture-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le Corbusier's ambition had been to translate the properties of his own style of Cubism to architecture. Between 1918 and 1922, Le Corbusier concentrated his efforts on Purist theory and painting. In 1922, Le Corbusier and his cousin Jeanneret opened a studio in Paris at 35 rue de Sèvres. His theoretical studies soon advanced into many different architectural projects.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Maison_Cubiste_(Cubist_House)"><span id="La_Maison_Cubiste_.28Cubist_House.29"></span>La Maison Cubiste (Cubist House)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: La Maison Cubiste (Cubist House)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/La_Maison_Cubiste" title="La Maison Cubiste">La Maison Cubiste</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raymond_Duchamp-Villon,_1912,_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel,_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste,_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes,_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel%2C_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg/280px-Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel%2C_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel%2C_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg/420px-Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel%2C_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel%2C_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg/560px-Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Projet_d%27h%C3%B4tel%2C_Maquette_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_Maison_Cubiste%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2691" data-file-height="1894" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a>, 1912, Study for <i>La Maison Cubiste, Projet d'Hotel (Cubist House)</i>. Image published in <i>Les Peintres Cubistes</i>, by Guillaume Apollinaire, 17 March 1913</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Maison_Cubiste,_Le_Salon_Bourgeois,_Salon_d%27Automne,_1912,_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg/280px-La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg/420px-La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg/560px-La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption><i>Le Salon Bourgeois</i>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a> for <i>La Maison Cubiste</i>, in the decorative arts section of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Salon d'Automne</span></span>, 1912, Paris. Metzinger's <i><a href="/wiki/Femme_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%89ventail" class="mw-redirect" title="Femme à l'Éventail">Femme à l'Éventail</a></i> on the left wall</figcaption></figure> <p>At the 1912 <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne">Salon d'Automne</a></span></span> an architectural installation was exhibited that quickly became known as <i>Maison Cubiste</i> (Cubist House), with architecture by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a> and interior decoration by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a> along with a group of collaborators. Metzinger and Gleizes in <i><a href="/wiki/Du_%22Cubisme%22" title="Du "Cubisme"">Du "Cubisme"</a></i>, written during the assemblage of the "Maison Cubiste", wrote about the autonomous nature of art, stressing the point that decorative considerations should not govern the spirit of art. Decorative work, to them, was the "antithesis of the picture". "The true picture" wrote Metzinger and Gleizes, "bears its <i>raison d'être</i> within itself. It can be moved from a church to a <a href="/wiki/Drawing-room" class="mw-redirect" title="Drawing-room">drawing-room</a>, from a museum to a study. Essentially independent, necessarily complete, it need not immediately satisfy the mind: on the contrary, it should lead it, little by little, towards the fictitious depths in which the coordinative light resides. It does not harmonize with this or that ensemble; it harmonizes with things in general, with the universe: it is an organism...".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>La Maison Cubiste</i> was a fully furnished model house, with a facade, a staircase, wrought iron banisters, and two rooms: a living room—the <i>Salon Bourgeois</i>, where paintings by Marcel Duchamp, Metzinger (<i>Woman with a Fan</i>), Gleizes, Laurencin and Léger were hung, and a bedroom. It was an example of <i>L'art décoratif</i>, a home within which Cubist art could be displayed in the comfort and style of modern, bourgeois life. Spectators at the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Salon d'Automne</span></span> passed through the plaster facade, designed by Duchamp-Villon, to the two furnished rooms.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This architectural installation was subsequently exhibited at the 1913 <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a>, New York, Chicago and Boston,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> listed in the catalogue of the New York exhibit as Raymond Duchamp-Villon, number 609, and entitled <i>"Facade architectural, plaster"</i> (<i>Façade architecturale</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_Doucet%27s_h%C3%B4tel_particulier,_33_rue_Saint-James,_Neuilly-sur-Seine,_1929_photograph_Pierre_Legrain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a1/Jacques_Doucet%27s_h%C3%B4tel_particulier%2C_33_rue_Saint-James%2C_Neuilly-sur-Seine%2C_1929_photograph_Pierre_Legrain.jpg/220px-Jacques_Doucet%27s_h%C3%B4tel_particulier%2C_33_rue_Saint-James%2C_Neuilly-sur-Seine%2C_1929_photograph_Pierre_Legrain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a1/Jacques_Doucet%27s_h%C3%B4tel_particulier%2C_33_rue_Saint-James%2C_Neuilly-sur-Seine%2C_1929_photograph_Pierre_Legrain.jpg/330px-Jacques_Doucet%27s_h%C3%B4tel_particulier%2C_33_rue_Saint-James%2C_Neuilly-sur-Seine%2C_1929_photograph_Pierre_Legrain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a1/Jacques_Doucet%27s_h%C3%B4tel_particulier%2C_33_rue_Saint-James%2C_Neuilly-sur-Seine%2C_1929_photograph_Pierre_Legrain.jpg/440px-Jacques_Doucet%27s_h%C3%B4tel_particulier%2C_33_rue_Saint-James%2C_Neuilly-sur-Seine%2C_1929_photograph_Pierre_Legrain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doucet_(fashion_designer)" title="Jacques Doucet (fashion designer)">Jacques Doucet</a>'s hôtel particulier, 33 rue Saint-James, Neuilly-sur-Seine</figcaption></figure> <p>The furnishings, wallpaper, upholstery and carpets of the interior were designed by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a>, and were early examples of the influence of cubism on what would become <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>. They were composed of very brightly colored roses and other floral patterns in stylized geometric forms. </p><p>Mare called the living room in which Cubist paintings were hung the <i>Salon Bourgeois</i>. Léger described this name as 'perfect'. In a letter to Mare prior to the exhibition Léger wrote: "Your idea is absolutely splendid for us, really splendid. People will see Cubism in its domestic setting, which is very important.<sup id="cite_ref-moma.org_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moma.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Mare's ensembles were accepted as frames for Cubist works because they allowed paintings and sculptures their independence", Christopher Green wrote, "creating a play of contrasts, hence the involvement not only of Gleizes and Metzinger themselves, but of Marie Laurencin, the Duchamp brothers (Raymond Duchamp-Villon designed the facade) and Mare's old friends Léger and Roger La Fresnaye".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1927, Cubists <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lipchitz" title="Jacques Lipchitz">Jacques Lipchitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Marcoussis" title="Louis Marcoussis">Louis Marcoussis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Laurens" title="Henri Laurens">Henri Laurens</a>, the sculptor <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Miklos" title="Gustave Miklos">Gustave Miklos</a>, and others collaborated in the decoration of a Studio House, rue Saint-James, <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>, designed by the architect Paul Ruaud and owned by the French fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doucet_(fashion_designer)" title="Jacques Doucet (fashion designer)">Jacques Doucet</a>, also a collector of <a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Impressionist">Post-Impressionist</a> and Cubist paintings (including <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i>, which he bought directly from Picasso's studio). Laurens designed the fountain, Csaky designed Doucet's staircase,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lipchitz made the fireplace mantel, and Marcoussis made a Cubist rug.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czech_Cubist_architecture">Czech Cubist architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Czech Cubist architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C5%AFm_U_%C4%8Dern%C3%A9_Matky_Bo%C5%BE%C3%AD_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/D%C5%AFm_U_%C4%8Dern%C3%A9_Matky_Bo%C5%BE%C3%AD_02.JPG/220px-D%C5%AFm_U_%C4%8Dern%C3%A9_Matky_Bo%C5%BE%C3%AD_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/D%C5%AFm_U_%C4%8Dern%C3%A9_Matky_Bo%C5%BE%C3%AD_02.JPG/330px-D%C5%AFm_U_%C4%8Dern%C3%A9_Matky_Bo%C5%BE%C3%AD_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/D%C5%AFm_U_%C4%8Dern%C3%A9_Matky_Bo%C5%BE%C3%AD_02.JPG/440px-D%C5%AFm_U_%C4%8Dern%C3%A9_Matky_Bo%C5%BE%C3%AD_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Black_Madonna" title="House of the Black Madonna">House of the Black Madonna</a> in Prague, built by <a href="/wiki/Josef_Go%C4%8D%C3%A1r" title="Josef Gočár">Josef Gočár</a> in 1912</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Czech_Cubism" title="Czech Cubism">Czech Cubism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rondocubism" title="Rondocubism">Rondocubism</a></div> <p>The original Cubist architecture is very rare. Cubism was applied to architecture only in <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> (today <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>) and especially in its capital, <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bonek_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonek-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cztourism_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cztourism-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Czech architects were the first and only ones to ever design original Cubist buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-radioprague_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radioprague-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cubist architecture flourished for the most part between 1910 and 1914, but the Cubist or Cubism-influenced buildings were also built after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. After the war, the architectural style called <i>Rondo-Cubism</i> was developed in Prague fusing the Cubist architecture with round shapes.<sup id="cite_ref-czkubista_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-czkubista-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vy%C5%A1ehrad_Kova%C5%99ovicova_vila_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vy%C5%A1ehrad_Kova%C5%99ovicova_vila_7.jpg/220px-Vy%C5%A1ehrad_Kova%C5%99ovicova_vila_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vy%C5%A1ehrad_Kova%C5%99ovicova_vila_7.jpg/330px-Vy%C5%A1ehrad_Kova%C5%99ovicova_vila_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vy%C5%A1ehrad_Kova%C5%99ovicova_vila_7.jpg/440px-Vy%C5%A1ehrad_Kova%C5%99ovicova_vila_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3316" data-file-height="1951" /></a><figcaption>Villa Kovařovic in Prague by <a href="/wiki/Josef_Chochol" title="Josef Chochol">Josef Chochol</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In their theoretical rules, the Cubist architects expressed the requirement of dynamism, which would surmount the matter and calm contained in it, through a creative idea, so that the result would evoke feelings of dynamism and expressive plasticity in the viewer. This should be achieved by shapes derived from pyramids, cubes and prisms, by arrangements and compositions of oblique surfaces, mainly triangular, sculpted facades in protruding crystal-like units, reminiscent of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Diamond_cut" title="Diamond cut">diamond cut</a>, or even cavernous that are reminiscent of the late <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic architecture</a>. In this way, the entire surfaces of the facades including even the gables and dormers are sculpted. The grilles as well as other architectural ornaments attain a three-dimensional form. Thus, new forms of windows and doors were also created, e. g. <a href="/wiki/Hexagonal_window" title="Hexagonal window">hexagonal windows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-czkubista_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-czkubista-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Czech Cubist architects also designed Cubist furniture. </p><p>The leading Cubist architects were <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Jan%C3%A1k" title="Pavel Janák">Pavel Janák</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Go%C4%8D%C3%A1r" title="Josef Gočár">Josef Gočár</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vlastislav_Hofman" title="Vlastislav Hofman">Vlastislav Hofman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emil_Kr%C3%A1l%C3%AD%C4%8Dek" title="Emil Králíček">Emil Králíček</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josef_Chochol" title="Josef Chochol">Josef Chochol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-czkubista_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-czkubista-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They worked mostly in Prague but also in other Bohemian towns. The best-known Cubist building is the <a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Black_Madonna" title="House of the Black Madonna">House of the Black Madonna</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_of_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Town of Prague">Old Town of Prague</a> built in 1912 by Josef Gočár with the only Cubist café in the world, Grand Café Orient.<sup id="cite_ref-bonek_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonek-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vlastislav Hofman built the entrance pavilions of <a href="/wiki/%C4%8E%C3%A1blice_cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Ďáblice cemetery">Ďáblice Cemetery</a> in 1912–1914, Josef Chochol designed several residential houses under <a href="/wiki/Vy%C5%A1ehrad" title="Vyšehrad">Vyšehrad</a>. A Cubist streetlamp has also been preserved near the <a href="/wiki/Wenceslas_Square" title="Wenceslas Square">Wenceslas Square</a>, designed by Emil Králíček in 1912, who also built the Diamond House in the <a href="/wiki/New_Town_of_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="New Town of Prague">New Town of Prague</a> around 1913. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cubism_in_other_fields">Cubism in other fields</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cubism in other fields"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_(27986651569).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_%2827986651569%29.jpg/220px-Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_%2827986651569%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_%2827986651569%29.jpg/330px-Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_%2827986651569%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_%2827986651569%29.jpg/440px-Cubic_coffee_service_-_Erik_Magnussen_%2827986651569%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1762" /></a><figcaption>Cubic coffee service, by <a href="/wiki/Erik_Magnussen_(silversmith)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erik Magnussen (silversmith)">Erik Magnussen</a>, 1927, in a temporary exhibition called the "Jazz Age" at the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a>, US</figcaption></figure> <p>The influence of Cubism extended to other artistic fields, outside painting and sculpture. In literature, the written works of <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein</a> employ repetition and repetitive phrases as building blocks in both passages and whole chapters. Most of Stein's important works utilize this technique, including the novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_Americans" title="The Making of Americans">The Making of Americans</a></i> (1906–08). Not only were they the first important patrons of Cubism, Gertrude Stein and her brother <a href="/wiki/Leo_Stein" title="Leo Stein">Leo</a> were also important influences on Cubism as well. In turn, Picasso was an important influence on Stein's writing. In the field of American fiction, <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a>'s 1930 novel <i><a href="/wiki/As_I_Lay_Dying_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="As I Lay Dying (novel)">As I Lay Dying</a></i> can be read as an interaction with the cubist mode. The novel features narratives of the diverse experiences of 15 characters which, when taken together, produce a single cohesive body. </p><p>The poets generally associated with Cubism are <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Guillaume Apollinaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Blaise Cendrars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Max Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Salmon" title="André Salmon">André Salmon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Reverdy" title="Pierre Reverdy">Pierre Reverdy</a>. As American poet <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rexroth" title="Kenneth Rexroth">Kenneth Rexroth</a> explains, Cubism in poetry "is the conscious, deliberate dissociation and recombination of elements into a new artistic entity made self-sufficient by its rigorous architecture. This is quite different from the free association of the Surrealists and the combination of unconscious utterance and political nihilism of Dada."<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the Cubist poets' influence on both Cubism and the later movements of <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> was profound; <a href="/wiki/Louis_Aragon" title="Louis Aragon">Louis Aragon</a>, founding member of Surrealism, said that for Breton, Soupault, Éluard and himself, Reverdy was "our immediate elder, the exemplary poet."<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though not as well remembered as the Cubist painters, these poets continue to influence and inspire; American poets <a href="/wiki/John_Ashbery" title="John Ashbery">John Ashbery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ron_Padgett" title="Ron Padgett">Ron Padgett</a> have recently produced new translations of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Reverdy" title="Pierre Reverdy">Reverdy's</a> work. <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Wallace Stevens</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Ways_of_Looking_at_a_Blackbird" title="Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird">Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird</a>" is also said to demonstrate how cubism's multiple perspectives can be translated into poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ballet’s first cubist sets and costumes were designed by Picasso in 1917 for <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Sergei Diaghilev’s</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Parade_(ballet)" title="Parade (ballet)">Parade</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This preceded six more ballets in which Picasso "left a mark on the ballet world, influencing generations of designers and choreographers".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Braque followed suit with four ballets of his own commencing in 1924 Diaghliev’s <i>Les Fâcheux</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gris as well designed sets and costumes for Diaghilev’s <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballet Russes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artists such as the prolific poster designers <a href="/wiki/Cassandre" title="Cassandre">A.M. Cassandre</a><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_McKnight_Kauffer" title="Edward McKnight Kauffer">Edward McKnight Kauffer</a> popularized Cubism in the fields of commercial graphic design and <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Poiret" title="Paul Poiret">Paul Poiret</a> and <a href="/wiki/Callot_Soeurs" title="Callot Soeurs">Callot Soeurs</a> were among the couturiers that brought cubist elements—such as overlapping layers and flat planes that obscure the volumes of the body—into the world of fashion design.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Berger" title="John Berger">John Berger</a> said: "It is almost impossible to exaggerate the importance of Cubism. It was a revolution in the visual arts as great as that which took place in the early <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>. Its effects on later art, on film, and on architecture are already so numerous that we hardly notice them."<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_Braque,_1909-10,_La_guitare_(Mandora,_La_Mandore),_oil_on_canvas,_71.1_x_55.9_cm,_Tate_Modern,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Georges Braque, 1909–10, La guitare (Mandora, La Mandore), oil on canvas, 71.1 x 55.9 cm, Tate Modern, London"><img alt="Georges Braque, 1909–10, La guitare (Mandora, La Mandore), oil on canvas, 71.1 x 55.9 cm, Tate Modern, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Georges_Braque%2C_1909-10%2C_La_guitare_%28Mandora%2C_La_Mandore%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_71.1_x_55.9_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg/151px-Georges_Braque%2C_1909-10%2C_La_guitare_%28Mandora%2C_La_Mandore%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_71.1_x_55.9_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Georges_Braque%2C_1909-10%2C_La_guitare_%28Mandora%2C_La_Mandore%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_71.1_x_55.9_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg/226px-Georges_Braque%2C_1909-10%2C_La_guitare_%28Mandora%2C_La_Mandore%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_71.1_x_55.9_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Georges_Braque%2C_1909-10%2C_La_guitare_%28Mandora%2C_La_Mandore%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_71.1_x_55.9_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg/302px-Georges_Braque%2C_1909-10%2C_La_guitare_%28Mandora%2C_La_Mandore%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_71.1_x_55.9_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1287" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>, 1909–10, <i>La guitare (Mandora, La Mandore)</i>, oil on canvas, 71.1 x 55.9 cm, <a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a>, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Gleizes,_1910,_Femme_aux_Phlox,_oil_on_canvas,_81_x_100_cm,_exhibited_Armory_Show,_New_York,_1913,_The_Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Houston..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albert Gleizes, 1910, La Femme aux Phlox (Woman with Phlox), oil on canvas, 81 x 100 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Exhibited in Room 41, Salon des Indépendants 1911, Armory Show 1913"><img alt="Albert Gleizes, 1910, La Femme aux Phlox (Woman with Phlox), oil on canvas, 81 x 100 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Exhibited in Room 41, Salon des Indépendants 1911, Armory Show 1913" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Albert_Gleizes%2C_1910%2C_Femme_aux_Phlox%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_81_x_100_cm%2C_exhibited_Armory_Show%2C_New_York%2C_1913%2C_The_Museum_of_Fine_Arts%2C_Houston..jpg/180px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_1910%2C_Femme_aux_Phlox%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_81_x_100_cm%2C_exhibited_Armory_Show%2C_New_York%2C_1913%2C_The_Museum_of_Fine_Arts%2C_Houston..jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Albert_Gleizes%2C_1910%2C_Femme_aux_Phlox%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_81_x_100_cm%2C_exhibited_Armory_Show%2C_New_York%2C_1913%2C_The_Museum_of_Fine_Arts%2C_Houston..jpg/270px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_1910%2C_Femme_aux_Phlox%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_81_x_100_cm%2C_exhibited_Armory_Show%2C_New_York%2C_1913%2C_The_Museum_of_Fine_Arts%2C_Houston..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Albert_Gleizes%2C_1910%2C_Femme_aux_Phlox%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_81_x_100_cm%2C_exhibited_Armory_Show%2C_New_York%2C_1913%2C_The_Museum_of_Fine_Arts%2C_Houston..jpg/360px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_1910%2C_Femme_aux_Phlox%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_81_x_100_cm%2C_exhibited_Armory_Show%2C_New_York%2C_1913%2C_The_Museum_of_Fine_Arts%2C_Houston..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1351" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, 1910, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Femme_aux_Phlox" class="mw-redirect" title="La Femme aux Phlox">La Femme aux Phlox (Woman with Phlox)</a></i>, oil on canvas, 81 x 100 cm, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Houston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Houston">Museum of Fine Arts, Houston</a>. Exhibited in Room 41, <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon des Indépendants">Salon des Indépendants</a> 1911, <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a> 1913</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Violin_and_Candlestick.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Georges Braque, 1910, Violin and Candlestick, oil on canvas, 60.96 x 50.17 cm, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art"><img alt="Georges Braque, 1910, Violin and Candlestick, oil on canvas, 60.96 x 50.17 cm, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3c/Violin_and_Candlestick.jpg/146px-Violin_and_Candlestick.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3c/Violin_and_Candlestick.jpg/220px-Violin_and_Candlestick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3c/Violin_and_Candlestick.jpg/293px-Violin_and_Candlestick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>, 1910, <i>Violin and Candlestick</i>, oil on canvas, 60.96 x 50.17 cm, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="San Francisco Museum of Modern Art">San Francisco Museum of Modern Art</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_1910-11,_Deux_Nus_(Two_Nudes,_Two_Women),_oil_on_canvas,_92_x_66_cm,_Gothenburg_Museum_of_Art,_Sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean Metzinger, 1910–11, Deux Nus (Two Nudes, Two Women), oil on canvas, 92 x 66 cm, Gothenburg Museum of Art, Sweden. Exhibited at the first Cubist manifestation, Room 41 of the 1911 Salon des Indépendants, Paris"><img alt="Jean Metzinger, 1910–11, Deux Nus (Two Nudes, Two Women), oil on canvas, 92 x 66 cm, Gothenburg Museum of Art, Sweden. Exhibited at the first Cubist manifestation, Room 41 of the 1911 Salon des Indépendants, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1910-11%2C_Deux_Nus_%28Two_Nudes%2C_Two_Women%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92_x_66_cm%2C_Gothenburg_Museum_of_Art%2C_Sweden.jpg/129px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1910-11%2C_Deux_Nus_%28Two_Nudes%2C_Two_Women%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92_x_66_cm%2C_Gothenburg_Museum_of_Art%2C_Sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1910-11%2C_Deux_Nus_%28Two_Nudes%2C_Two_Women%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92_x_66_cm%2C_Gothenburg_Museum_of_Art%2C_Sweden.jpg/194px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1910-11%2C_Deux_Nus_%28Two_Nudes%2C_Two_Women%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92_x_66_cm%2C_Gothenburg_Museum_of_Art%2C_Sweden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1910-11%2C_Deux_Nus_%28Two_Nudes%2C_Two_Women%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92_x_66_cm%2C_Gothenburg_Museum_of_Art%2C_Sweden.jpg/259px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1910-11%2C_Deux_Nus_%28Two_Nudes%2C_Two_Women%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92_x_66_cm%2C_Gothenburg_Museum_of_Art%2C_Sweden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="910" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, 1910–11, <i><a href="/wiki/Deux_Nus" class="mw-redirect" title="Deux Nus">Deux Nus</a></i> (<i>Two Nudes</i>, <i>Two Women</i>), oil on canvas, 92 x 66 cm, <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg_Museum_of_Art" title="Gothenburg Museum of Art">Gothenburg Museum of Art</a>, Sweden. Exhibited at the first Cubist manifestation, Room 41 of the 1911 <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon des Indépendants">Salon des Indépendants</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Delaunay,_1910,_La_ville_no._2,_oil_on_canvas,_146_x_114_cm,_Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne,_Centre_Georges_Pompidou,_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Delaunay, 1910–11, La ville no. 2, oil on canvas, 146 x 114 cm, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris"><img alt="Robert Delaunay, 1910–11, La ville no. 2, oil on canvas, 146 x 114 cm, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Robert_Delaunay%2C_1910%2C_La_ville_no._2%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_146_x_114_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne%2C_Centre_Georges_Pompidou%2C_Paris.jpg/140px-Robert_Delaunay%2C_1910%2C_La_ville_no._2%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_146_x_114_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne%2C_Centre_Georges_Pompidou%2C_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Robert_Delaunay%2C_1910%2C_La_ville_no._2%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_146_x_114_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne%2C_Centre_Georges_Pompidou%2C_Paris.jpg/210px-Robert_Delaunay%2C_1910%2C_La_ville_no._2%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_146_x_114_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne%2C_Centre_Georges_Pompidou%2C_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Robert_Delaunay%2C_1910%2C_La_ville_no._2%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_146_x_114_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne%2C_Centre_Georges_Pompidou%2C_Paris.jpg/280px-Robert_Delaunay%2C_1910%2C_La_ville_no._2%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_146_x_114_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne%2C_Centre_Georges_Pompidou%2C_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1245" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a>, 1910–11, <i>La ville no. 2</i>, oil on canvas, 146 x 114 cm, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne" title="Musée National d'Art Moderne">Musée National d'Art Moderne</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henri_Le_Fauconnier,_1910-11,_L%27Abondance_(Abundance),_oil_on_canvas,_191_x_123_cm_(75.25_x_48.5_in.),_Gemeentemuseum_Den_Haag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Henri Le Fauconnier, 1910–11, L'Abondance (Abundance), oil on canvas, 191 x 123 cm, Gemeentemuseum Den Haag"><img alt="Henri Le Fauconnier, 1910–11, L'Abondance (Abundance), oil on canvas, 191 x 123 cm, Gemeentemuseum Den Haag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Henri_Le_Fauconnier%2C_1910-11%2C_L%27Abondance_%28Abundance%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_191_x_123_cm_%2875.25_x_48.5_in.%29%2C_Gemeentemuseum_Den_Haag.jpg/117px-Henri_Le_Fauconnier%2C_1910-11%2C_L%27Abondance_%28Abundance%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_191_x_123_cm_%2875.25_x_48.5_in.%29%2C_Gemeentemuseum_Den_Haag.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Henri_Le_Fauconnier%2C_1910-11%2C_L%27Abondance_%28Abundance%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_191_x_123_cm_%2875.25_x_48.5_in.%29%2C_Gemeentemuseum_Den_Haag.jpg/175px-Henri_Le_Fauconnier%2C_1910-11%2C_L%27Abondance_%28Abundance%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_191_x_123_cm_%2875.25_x_48.5_in.%29%2C_Gemeentemuseum_Den_Haag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Henri_Le_Fauconnier%2C_1910-11%2C_L%27Abondance_%28Abundance%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_191_x_123_cm_%2875.25_x_48.5_in.%29%2C_Gemeentemuseum_Den_Haag.jpg/234px-Henri_Le_Fauconnier%2C_1910-11%2C_L%27Abondance_%28Abundance%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_191_x_123_cm_%2875.25_x_48.5_in.%29%2C_Gemeentemuseum_Den_Haag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a>, 1910–11, <i>L'Abondance (Abundance)</i>, oil on canvas, 191 x 123 cm, <a href="/wiki/Gemeentemuseum_Den_Haag" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeentemuseum Den Haag">Gemeentemuseum Den Haag</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcel_Duchamp,_1911,_La_sonate_(Sonata),_oil_on_canvas,_145.1_x_113.3_cm,_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marcel Duchamp, 1911, La sonate (Sonata), oil on canvas, 145.1 x 113.3 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art"><img alt="Marcel Duchamp, 1911, La sonate (Sonata), oil on canvas, 145.1 x 113.3 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1911%2C_La_sonate_%28Sonata%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_145.1_x_113.3_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/141px-Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1911%2C_La_sonate_%28Sonata%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_145.1_x_113.3_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1911%2C_La_sonate_%28Sonata%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_145.1_x_113.3_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/212px-Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1911%2C_La_sonate_%28Sonata%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_145.1_x_113.3_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1911%2C_La_sonate_%28Sonata%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_145.1_x_113.3_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/282px-Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1911%2C_La_sonate_%28Sonata%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_145.1_x_113.3_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="1309" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, 1911, <i>La sonate (Sonata)</i>, oil on canvas, 145.1 x 113.3 cm, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pablo_Picasso,_1911,_La_Femme_au_Violon,_oil_on_canvas,_private_collection,_on_long-term_loan_to_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections,_Pinakothek_der_Moderne,_Munich.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pablo Picasso, 1911, La Femme au Violon, oil on canvas, private collection, on long-term loan to Bavarian State Painting Collections, Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich"><img alt="Pablo Picasso, 1911, La Femme au Violon, oil on canvas, private collection, on long-term loan to Bavarian State Painting Collections, Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1911%2C_La_Femme_au_Violon%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_private_collection%2C_on_long-term_loan_to_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections%2C_Pinakothek_der_Moderne%2C_Munich.jpg/127px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1911%2C_La_Femme_au_Violon%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_private_collection%2C_on_long-term_loan_to_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections%2C_Pinakothek_der_Moderne%2C_Munich.jpg/190px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1911%2C_La_Femme_au_Violon%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_private_collection%2C_on_long-term_loan_to_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections%2C_Pinakothek_der_Moderne%2C_Munich.jpg/254px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1018" data-file-height="1442" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pablo Picasso, 1911, <i>La Femme au Violon</i>, oil on canvas, private collection, on long-term loan to <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections" title="Bavarian State Painting Collections">Bavarian State Painting Collections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinakothek_der_Moderne" title="Pinakothek der Moderne">Pinakothek der Moderne</a>, Munich</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernand_L%C3%A9ger,_1911-1912,_Les_Fumeurs_(The_Smokers),_oil_on_canvas,_129.2_x_96.5_cm,_Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum,_New_York..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fernand Léger, 1911–1912, Les Fumeurs (The Smokers), oil on canvas, 129.2 x 96.5 cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York"><img alt="Fernand Léger, 1911–1912, Les Fumeurs (The Smokers), oil on canvas, 129.2 x 96.5 cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_1911-1912%2C_Les_Fumeurs_%28The_Smokers%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_129.2_x_96.5_cm%2C_Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum%2C_New_York..jpg/133px-Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_1911-1912%2C_Les_Fumeurs_%28The_Smokers%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_129.2_x_96.5_cm%2C_Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum%2C_New_York..jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_1911-1912%2C_Les_Fumeurs_%28The_Smokers%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_129.2_x_96.5_cm%2C_Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum%2C_New_York..jpg/200px-Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_1911-1912%2C_Les_Fumeurs_%28The_Smokers%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_129.2_x_96.5_cm%2C_Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum%2C_New_York..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_1911-1912%2C_Les_Fumeurs_%28The_Smokers%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_129.2_x_96.5_cm%2C_Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum%2C_New_York..jpg/267px-Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_1911-1912%2C_Les_Fumeurs_%28The_Smokers%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_129.2_x_96.5_cm%2C_Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum%2C_New_York..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3034" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>, 1911–1912, <i>Les Fumeurs (The Smokers)</i>, oil on canvas, 129.2 x 96.5 cm, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum" title="Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum">Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum</a>, New York</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_Braque,_1911-12,_Man_with_a_Guitar_(Figure,_L%E2%80%99homme_%C3%A0_la_guitare),_oil_on_canvas,_116.2_x_80.9_cm_(45.75_x_31.9_in),_Museum_of_Modern_Art,_New_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Georges Braque, 1911–12, Man with a Guitar (Figure, L’homme à la guitare), oil on canvas, 116.2 x 80.9 cm, Museum of Modern Art"><img alt="Georges Braque, 1911–12, Man with a Guitar (Figure, L’homme à la guitare), oil on canvas, 116.2 x 80.9 cm, Museum of Modern Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Georges_Braque%2C_1911-12%2C_Man_with_a_Guitar_%28Figure%2C_L%E2%80%99homme_%C3%A0_la_guitare%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_116.2_x_80.9_cm_%2845.75_x_31.9_in%29%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York.jpg/128px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Georges_Braque%2C_1911-12%2C_Man_with_a_Guitar_%28Figure%2C_L%E2%80%99homme_%C3%A0_la_guitare%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_116.2_x_80.9_cm_%2845.75_x_31.9_in%29%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York.jpg/192px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Georges_Braque%2C_1911-12%2C_Man_with_a_Guitar_%28Figure%2C_L%E2%80%99homme_%C3%A0_la_guitare%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_116.2_x_80.9_cm_%2845.75_x_31.9_in%29%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York.jpg/256px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>, 1911–12, <i>Man with a Guitar (Figure, L’homme à la guitare)</i>, oil on canvas, 116.2 x 80.9 cm, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_Villon,_1912,_Girl_at_the_Piano,_oil_on_canvas,_129.2_x_96.4_cm,_Museum_of_Modern_Art,_New_York...jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jacques Villon, 1912, Girl at the Piano (Fillette au piano), oil on canvas, 129.2 x 96.4 cm, oval, Museum of Modern Art, New York. Exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show"><img alt="Jacques Villon, 1912, Girl at the Piano (Fillette au piano), oil on canvas, 129.2 x 96.4 cm, oval, Museum of Modern Art, New York. Exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/Jacques_Villon%2C_1912%2C_Girl_at_the_Piano%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_129.2_x_96.4_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York...jpg/135px-Jacques_Villon%2C_1912%2C_Girl_at_the_Piano%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_129.2_x_96.4_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York...jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/Jacques_Villon%2C_1912%2C_Girl_at_the_Piano%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_129.2_x_96.4_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York...jpg/202px-Jacques_Villon%2C_1912%2C_Girl_at_the_Piano%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_129.2_x_96.4_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York...jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/Jacques_Villon%2C_1912%2C_Girl_at_the_Piano%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_129.2_x_96.4_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York...jpg/270px-Jacques_Villon%2C_1912%2C_Girl_at_the_Piano%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_129.2_x_96.4_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York...jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="940" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a>, 1912, <i>Girl at the Piano (Fillette au piano)</i>, oil on canvas, 129.2 x 96.4 cm, oval, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, New York. Exhibited at the 1913 <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Picabia,_1912,_La_Source,_The_Spring,_oil_on_canvas,_249.6_x_249.3_cm,_Museum_of_Modern_Art,_New_York._Exhibited,_1912_Salon_d%27Automne,_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francis Picabia, 1912, La Source (The Spring), oil on canvas, 249.6 x 249.3 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York"><img alt="Francis Picabia, 1912, La Source (The Spring), oil on canvas, 249.6 x 249.3 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Francis_Picabia%2C_1912%2C_La_Source%2C_The_Spring%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_249.6_x_249.3_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York._Exhibited%2C_1912_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_Paris.jpg/179px-Francis_Picabia%2C_1912%2C_La_Source%2C_The_Spring%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_249.6_x_249.3_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York._Exhibited%2C_1912_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Francis_Picabia%2C_1912%2C_La_Source%2C_The_Spring%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_249.6_x_249.3_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York._Exhibited%2C_1912_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_Paris.jpg/268px-Francis_Picabia%2C_1912%2C_La_Source%2C_The_Spring%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_249.6_x_249.3_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York._Exhibited%2C_1912_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Francis_Picabia%2C_1912%2C_La_Source%2C_The_Spring%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_249.6_x_249.3_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York._Exhibited%2C_1912_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_Paris.jpg/357px-Francis_Picabia%2C_1912%2C_La_Source%2C_The_Spring%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_249.6_x_249.3_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York._Exhibited%2C_1912_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1985" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, 1912, <i>La Source</i> (<i>The Spring</i>), oil on canvas, 249.6 x 249.3 cm, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, New York</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernand_L%C3%A9ger,_1912-13,_Nude_Model_in_the_Studio_(Le_mod%C3%A8le_nu_dans_l%27atelier),_oil_on_burlap,_128.6_x_95.9_cm,_Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum,_New_York,_Solomon_R._Guggenheim.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fernand Léger, 1912–13, Nude Model in the Studio (Le modèle nu dans l'atelier), oil on burlap, 128.6 x 95.9 cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York"><img alt="Fernand Léger, 1912–13, Nude Model in the Studio (Le modèle nu dans l'atelier), oil on burlap, 128.6 x 95.9 cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_1912-13%2C_Nude_Model_in_the_Studio_%28Le_mod%C3%A8le_nu_dans_l%27atelier%29%2C_oil_on_burlap%2C_128.6_x_95.9_cm%2C_Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum%2C_New_York%2C_Solomon_R._Guggenheim.jpg/134px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_1912-13%2C_Nude_Model_in_the_Studio_%28Le_mod%C3%A8le_nu_dans_l%27atelier%29%2C_oil_on_burlap%2C_128.6_x_95.9_cm%2C_Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum%2C_New_York%2C_Solomon_R._Guggenheim.jpg/201px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_1912-13%2C_Nude_Model_in_the_Studio_%28Le_mod%C3%A8le_nu_dans_l%27atelier%29%2C_oil_on_burlap%2C_128.6_x_95.9_cm%2C_Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum%2C_New_York%2C_Solomon_R._Guggenheim.jpg/267px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3044" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>, 1912–13, <i>Nude Model in the Studio (Le modèle nu dans l'atelier)</i>, oil on burlap, 128.6 x 95.9 cm, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum" title="Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum">Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum</a>, New York</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Gleizes,_1912-13,_Les_Joueurs_de_football_(Football_Players),_oil_on_canvas,_225.4_x_183_cm,_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albert Gleizes, 1912–13, Les Joueurs de football (Football Players), oil on canvas, 225.4 x 183 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C."><img alt="Albert Gleizes, 1912–13, Les Joueurs de football (Football Players), oil on canvas, 225.4 x 183 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Albert_Gleizes%2C_1912-13%2C_Les_Joueurs_de_football_%28Football_Players%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_225.4_x_183_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg/146px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_1912-13%2C_Les_Joueurs_de_football_%28Football_Players%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_225.4_x_183_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Albert_Gleizes%2C_1912-13%2C_Les_Joueurs_de_football_%28Football_Players%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_225.4_x_183_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg/219px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_1912-13%2C_Les_Joueurs_de_football_%28Football_Players%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_225.4_x_183_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Albert_Gleizes%2C_1912-13%2C_Les_Joueurs_de_football_%28Football_Players%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_225.4_x_183_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg/292px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_1912-13%2C_Les_Joueurs_de_football_%28Football_Players%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_225.4_x_183_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1727" data-file-height="2126" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, 1912–13, <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Joueurs_de_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Joueurs de football">Les Joueurs de football (Football Players)</a></i>, oil on canvas, 225.4 x 183 cm, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, Washington D.C.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_1912-1913,_L%27Oiseau_bleu,_(The_Blue_Bird)_oil_on_canvas,_230_x_196_cm,_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean Metzinger, 1912–1913, L'Oiseau bleu (The Blue Bird), oil on canvas, 230 x 196 cm, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. Exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants, 1913"><img alt="Jean Metzinger, 1912–1913, L'Oiseau bleu (The Blue Bird), oil on canvas, 230 x 196 cm, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. Exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants, 1913" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1912-1913%2C_L%27Oiseau_bleu%2C_%28The_Blue_Bird%29_oil_on_canvas%2C_230_x_196_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris..jpg/152px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1912-1913%2C_L%27Oiseau_bleu%2C_%28The_Blue_Bird%29_oil_on_canvas%2C_230_x_196_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris..jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1912-1913%2C_L%27Oiseau_bleu%2C_%28The_Blue_Bird%29_oil_on_canvas%2C_230_x_196_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris..jpg/227px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1912-1913%2C_L%27Oiseau_bleu%2C_%28The_Blue_Bird%29_oil_on_canvas%2C_230_x_196_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1912-1913%2C_L%27Oiseau_bleu%2C_%28The_Blue_Bird%29_oil_on_canvas%2C_230_x_196_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris..jpg/303px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1912-1913%2C_L%27Oiseau_bleu%2C_%28The_Blue_Bird%29_oil_on_canvas%2C_230_x_196_cm%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2527" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, 1912–1913, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Oiseau_bleu_(Metzinger)" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Oiseau bleu (Metzinger)">L'Oiseau bleu (The Blue Bird)</a></i>, oil on canvas, 230 x 196 cm, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris">Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris</a>. Exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants, 1913</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Femme_en_chemise_assise_dans_un_fauteuil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pablo Picasso, 1913–14, Femme assise dans un fauteuil (Eva), Woman in an Armchair, oil on canvas, 149.9 x 99.4 cm, Leonard A. Lauder Cubist Collection"><img alt="Pablo Picasso, 1913–14, Femme assise dans un fauteuil (Eva), Woman in an Armchair, oil on canvas, 149.9 x 99.4 cm, Leonard A. Lauder Cubist Collection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Femme_en_chemise_assise_dans_un_fauteuil.jpg/118px-Femme_en_chemise_assise_dans_un_fauteuil.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Femme_en_chemise_assise_dans_un_fauteuil.jpg/178px-Femme_en_chemise_assise_dans_un_fauteuil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Femme_en_chemise_assise_dans_un_fauteuil.jpg/237px-Femme_en_chemise_assise_dans_un_fauteuil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1318" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, 1913–14, <i>Femme assise dans un fauteuil (Eva), Woman in an Armchair</i>, oil on canvas, 149.9 x 99.4 cm, Leonard A. Lauder Cubist Collection</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Gris,_1915,_Nature_morte_%C3%A0_la_nappe_%C3%A0_carreaux_(Still_Life_with_Checked_Tablecloth),_oil_on_canvas,_116.5_x_89.3_cm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Juan Gris, 1915, Nature morte à la nappe à carreaux (Still Life with Checked Tablecloth), oil and graphite on canvas, 116.5 x 89.2 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Leonard A. Lauder collection"><img alt="Juan Gris, 1915, Nature morte à la nappe à carreaux (Still Life with Checked Tablecloth), oil and graphite on canvas, 116.5 x 89.2 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Leonard A. Lauder collection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Juan_Gris%2C_1915%2C_Nature_morte_%C3%A0_la_nappe_%C3%A0_carreaux_%28Still_Life_with_Checked_Tablecloth%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_116.5_x_89.3_cm.jpg/138px-Juan_Gris%2C_1915%2C_Nature_morte_%C3%A0_la_nappe_%C3%A0_carreaux_%28Still_Life_with_Checked_Tablecloth%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_116.5_x_89.3_cm.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Juan_Gris%2C_1915%2C_Nature_morte_%C3%A0_la_nappe_%C3%A0_carreaux_%28Still_Life_with_Checked_Tablecloth%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_116.5_x_89.3_cm.jpg/206px-Juan_Gris%2C_1915%2C_Nature_morte_%C3%A0_la_nappe_%C3%A0_carreaux_%28Still_Life_with_Checked_Tablecloth%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_116.5_x_89.3_cm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Juan_Gris%2C_1915%2C_Nature_morte_%C3%A0_la_nappe_%C3%A0_carreaux_%28Still_Life_with_Checked_Tablecloth%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_116.5_x_89.3_cm.jpg/275px-Juan_Gris%2C_1915%2C_Nature_morte_%C3%A0_la_nappe_%C3%A0_carreaux_%28Still_Life_with_Checked_Tablecloth%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_116.5_x_89.3_cm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3034" data-file-height="3966" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a>, 1915, <i>Nature morte à la nappe à carreaux (Still Life with Checked Tablecloth)</i>, oil and graphite on canvas, 116.5 x 89.2 cm, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Lauder" title="Leonard Lauder">Leonard A. Lauder</a> collection</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ram%C3%B3nG%C3%B3mezdelaSerna.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Diego Rivera, 1915, Portrait of Ramón Gómez de la Serna, 109.6 × 90.2 cm. Latin American Art Museum of Buenos Aires"><img alt="Diego Rivera, 1915, Portrait of Ramón Gómez de la Serna, 109.6 × 90.2 cm. Latin American Art Museum of Buenos Aires" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ram%C3%B3nG%C3%B3mezdelaSerna.JPG/146px-Ram%C3%B3nG%C3%B3mezdelaSerna.JPG" decoding="async" width="146" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ram%C3%B3nG%C3%B3mezdelaSerna.JPG/219px-Ram%C3%B3nG%C3%B3mezdelaSerna.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ram%C3%B3nG%C3%B3mezdelaSerna.JPG/292px-Ram%C3%B3nG%C3%B3mezdelaSerna.JPG 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="644" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a>, 1915, <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Ram%C3%B3n_G%C3%B3mez_de_la_Serna" title="Portrait of Ramón Gómez de la Serna">Portrait of Ramón Gómez de la Serna</a></i>, 109.6 × 90.2 cm. <a href="/wiki/MALBA" title="MALBA">Latin American Art Museum of Buenos Aires</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_1916,_Femme_au_miroir_(Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette,_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table),_oil_on_canvas,_92.4_x_65.1_cm,_private_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean Metzinger, April 1916, Femme au miroir (Femme à sa toilette, Lady at her Dressing Table), oil on canvas, 92.4 x 65.1 cm, private collection"><img alt="Jean Metzinger, April 1916, Femme au miroir (Femme à sa toilette, Lady at her Dressing Table), oil on canvas, 92.4 x 65.1 cm, private collection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1916%2C_Femme_au_miroir_%28Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette%2C_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.4_x_65.1_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg/127px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1916%2C_Femme_au_miroir_%28Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette%2C_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.4_x_65.1_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1916%2C_Femme_au_miroir_%28Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette%2C_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.4_x_65.1_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg/190px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1916%2C_Femme_au_miroir_%28Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette%2C_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.4_x_65.1_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1916%2C_Femme_au_miroir_%28Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette%2C_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.4_x_65.1_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg/254px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1916%2C_Femme_au_miroir_%28Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette%2C_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_92.4_x_65.1_cm%2C_private_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2894" data-file-height="4100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, April 1916, <i><a href="/wiki/Femme_au_miroir" class="mw-redirect" title="Femme au miroir">Femme au miroir (Femme à sa toilette, Lady at her Dressing Table)</a></i>, oil on canvas, 92.4 x 65.1 cm, private collection</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Josette_1916_Juan_Gris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Juan Gris, October 1916, Portrait of Josette, oil on canvas, 116 x 73 cm, Museo Reina Sofia, Madrid"><img alt="Juan Gris, October 1916, Portrait of Josette, oil on canvas, 116 x 73 cm, Museo Reina Sofia, Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Portrait_of_Josette_1916_Juan_Gris.jpg/113px-Portrait_of_Josette_1916_Juan_Gris.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Portrait_of_Josette_1916_Juan_Gris.jpg/169px-Portrait_of_Josette_1916_Juan_Gris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Portrait_of_Josette_1916_Juan_Gris.jpg/226px-Portrait_of_Josette_1916_Juan_Gris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1487" data-file-height="2370" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a>, October 1916, <i>Portrait of Josette</i>, oil on canvas, 116 x 73 cm, <a href="/wiki/Museo_Reina_Sofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo Reina Sofia">Museo Reina Sofia</a>, Madrid</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pablo_Picasso,_1918,_Arlequin_au_violon_(Harlequin_with_Violin),_oil_on_canvas,_142_x_100.3_cm,_The_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art,_Ohio.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pablo Picasso, 1918, Arlequin au violon (Harlequin with Violin), oil on canvas, 142 x 100.3 cm, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio"><img alt="Pablo Picasso, 1918, Arlequin au violon (Harlequin with Violin), oil on canvas, 142 x 100.3 cm, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1918%2C_Arlequin_au_violon_%28Harlequin_with_Violin%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_142_x_100.3_cm%2C_The_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art%2C_Ohio.jpeg/129px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1918%2C_Arlequin_au_violon_%28Harlequin_with_Violin%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_142_x_100.3_cm%2C_The_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art%2C_Ohio.jpeg" decoding="async" width="129" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1918%2C_Arlequin_au_violon_%28Harlequin_with_Violin%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_142_x_100.3_cm%2C_The_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art%2C_Ohio.jpeg/193px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1918%2C_Arlequin_au_violon_%28Harlequin_with_Violin%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_142_x_100.3_cm%2C_The_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art%2C_Ohio.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1918%2C_Arlequin_au_violon_%28Harlequin_with_Violin%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_142_x_100.3_cm%2C_The_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art%2C_Ohio.jpeg/258px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1918%2C_Arlequin_au_violon_%28Harlequin_with_Violin%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_142_x_100.3_cm%2C_The_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art%2C_Ohio.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pablo Picasso, 1918, <i>Arlequin au violon (Harlequin with Violin)</i>, oil on canvas, 142 x 100.3 cm, The <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a>, Ohio</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gino_Severini,_1919,_Boh%C3%A9mien_Jouant_de_L%27Accord%C3%A9on_(The_Accordion_Player).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gino Severini, 1919, Bohémien Jouant de L'Accordéon (The Accordion Player), Museo del Novecento, Milan"><img alt="Gino Severini, 1919, Bohémien Jouant de L'Accordéon (The Accordion Player), Museo del Novecento, Milan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/55/Gino_Severini%2C_1919%2C_Boh%C3%A9mien_Jouant_de_L%27Accord%C3%A9on_%28The_Accordion_Player%29.jpg/142px-Gino_Severini%2C_1919%2C_Boh%C3%A9mien_Jouant_de_L%27Accord%C3%A9on_%28The_Accordion_Player%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/55/Gino_Severini%2C_1919%2C_Boh%C3%A9mien_Jouant_de_L%27Accord%C3%A9on_%28The_Accordion_Player%29.jpg/213px-Gino_Severini%2C_1919%2C_Boh%C3%A9mien_Jouant_de_L%27Accord%C3%A9on_%28The_Accordion_Player%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/55/Gino_Severini%2C_1919%2C_Boh%C3%A9mien_Jouant_de_L%27Accord%C3%A9on_%28The_Accordion_Player%29.jpg/284px-Gino_Severini%2C_1919%2C_Boh%C3%A9mien_Jouant_de_L%27Accord%C3%A9on_%28The_Accordion_Player%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="1205" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gino_Severini" title="Gino Severini">Gino Severini</a>, 1919, <i>Bohémien Jouant de L'Accordéon (The Accordion Player)</i>, Museo del Novecento, Milan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Gleizes,_1920,_Femme_au_gant_noir_(Woman_with_Black_Glove),_oil_on_canvas,_126_x_100_cm._Private_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albert Gleizes, 1920, Femme au gant noir (Woman with Black Glove), oil on canvas, 126 x 100 cm, National Gallery of Australia"><img alt="Albert Gleizes, 1920, Femme au gant noir (Woman with Black Glove), oil on canvas, 126 x 100 cm, National Gallery of Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Albert_Gleizes%2C_1920%2C_Femme_au_gant_noir_%28Woman_with_Black_Glove%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_126_x_100_cm._Private_collection.jpg/143px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_1920%2C_Femme_au_gant_noir_%28Woman_with_Black_Glove%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_126_x_100_cm._Private_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Albert_Gleizes%2C_1920%2C_Femme_au_gant_noir_%28Woman_with_Black_Glove%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_126_x_100_cm._Private_collection.jpg/215px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_1920%2C_Femme_au_gant_noir_%28Woman_with_Black_Glove%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_126_x_100_cm._Private_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Albert_Gleizes%2C_1920%2C_Femme_au_gant_noir_%28Woman_with_Black_Glove%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_126_x_100_cm._Private_collection.jpg/286px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_1920%2C_Femme_au_gant_noir_%28Woman_with_Black_Glove%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_126_x_100_cm._Private_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1145" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, 1920, <i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_Black_Glove" title="Woman with Black Glove">Femme au gant noir (Woman with Black Glove)</a></i>, oil on canvas, 126 x 100 cm, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Australia" title="National Gallery of Australia">National Gallery of Australia</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Press_articles_and_reviews">Press articles and reviews</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Press articles and reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Gleizes,_Juan_Gris,_Jean_Metzinger,_El_Correo_Catal%C3%A1n,_25_April_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paintings by Albert Gleizes, 1910–11, Paysage, Landscape; Juan Gris (drawing); Jean Metzinger, c. 1911, Nature morte, Compotier et cruche décorée de cerfs. Published on the front page of El Correo Catalán, 25 April 1912"><img alt="Paintings by Albert Gleizes, 1910–11, Paysage, Landscape; Juan Gris (drawing); Jean Metzinger, c. 1911, Nature morte, Compotier et cruche décorée de cerfs. Published on the front page of El Correo Catalán, 25 April 1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d5/Albert_Gleizes%2C_Juan_Gris%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_El_Correo_Catal%C3%A1n%2C_25_April_1912.jpg/136px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_Juan_Gris%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_El_Correo_Catal%C3%A1n%2C_25_April_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d5/Albert_Gleizes%2C_Juan_Gris%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_El_Correo_Catal%C3%A1n%2C_25_April_1912.jpg/205px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_Juan_Gris%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_El_Correo_Catal%C3%A1n%2C_25_April_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d5/Albert_Gleizes%2C_Juan_Gris%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_El_Correo_Catal%C3%A1n%2C_25_April_1912.jpg/273px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_Juan_Gris%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_El_Correo_Catal%C3%A1n%2C_25_April_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="2705" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paintings by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, 1910–11, <i>Paysage, Landscape</i>; <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a> (drawing); <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1911</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_morte_(Metzinger)" title="Nature morte (Metzinger)">Nature morte, Compotier et cruche décorée de cerfs</a></i>. Published on the front page of <i>El Correo Catalán</i>, 25 April 1912</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Archipenko,_Jean_Metzinger,_Au_Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants,_Le_Petit_Comtois,_13_March_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="(center) Jean Metzinger, c. 1913, Le Fumeur (Man with Pipe), Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh; (left) Alexander Archipenko, 1914, Danseuse du Médrano (Médrano II), (right) Archipenko, 1913, Pierrot-carrousel, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. Published in Le Petit Comtois, 13 March 1914"><img alt="(center) Jean Metzinger, c. 1913, Le Fumeur (Man with Pipe), Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh; (left) Alexander Archipenko, 1914, Danseuse du Médrano (Médrano II), (right) Archipenko, 1913, Pierrot-carrousel, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. Published in Le Petit Comtois, 13 March 1914" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Alexander_Archipenko%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Au_Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants%2C_Le_Petit_Comtois%2C_13_March_1914.jpg/140px-Alexander_Archipenko%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Au_Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants%2C_Le_Petit_Comtois%2C_13_March_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Alexander_Archipenko%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Au_Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants%2C_Le_Petit_Comtois%2C_13_March_1914.jpg/210px-Alexander_Archipenko%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Au_Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants%2C_Le_Petit_Comtois%2C_13_March_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Alexander_Archipenko%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Au_Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants%2C_Le_Petit_Comtois%2C_13_March_1914.jpg/280px-Alexander_Archipenko%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Au_Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants%2C_Le_Petit_Comtois%2C_13_March_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1949" data-file-height="2289" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">(center) <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1913</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Fumeur" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Fumeur">Le Fumeur (Man with Pipe)</a></i>, Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh; (left) <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipenko" title="Alexander Archipenko">Alexander Archipenko</a>, 1914, <i>Danseuse du Médrano (Médrano II)</i>, (right) Archipenko, 1913, <i>Pierrot-carrousel</i>, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. Published in <i>Le Petit Comtois</i>, 13 March 1914</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernand_L%C3%A9ger,_Jean_Metzinger,_Alexander_Archipenko,_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires,_n._1529,_13_October_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paintings by Fernand Léger, 1912, La Femme en Bleu, Woman in Blue, Kunstmuseum Basel; Jean Metzinger, 1912, Dancer in a café, Albright-Knox Art Gallery; and sculpture by Alexander Archipenko, 1912, La Vie Familiale, Family Life (destroyed). Published in Les Annales politiques et littéraires, n. 1529, 13 October 1912"><img alt="Paintings by Fernand Léger, 1912, La Femme en Bleu, Woman in Blue, Kunstmuseum Basel; Jean Metzinger, 1912, Dancer in a café, Albright-Knox Art Gallery; and sculpture by Alexander Archipenko, 1912, La Vie Familiale, Family Life (destroyed). Published in Les Annales politiques et littéraires, n. 1529, 13 October 1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Alexander_Archipenko%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_n._1529%2C_13_October_1912.jpg/119px-Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Alexander_Archipenko%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_n._1529%2C_13_October_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Alexander_Archipenko%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_n._1529%2C_13_October_1912.jpg/179px-Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Alexander_Archipenko%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_n._1529%2C_13_October_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Alexander_Archipenko%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_n._1529%2C_13_October_1912.jpg/239px-Fernand_L%C3%A9ger%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Alexander_Archipenko%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_n._1529%2C_13_October_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1946" data-file-height="3092" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paintings by <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>, 1912, <i>La Femme en Bleu, Woman in Blue</i>, Kunstmuseum Basel; <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, 1912, <i><a href="/wiki/Dancer_in_a_caf%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Dancer in a café">Dancer in a café</a></i>, Albright-Knox Art Gallery; and sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipenko" title="Alexander Archipenko">Alexander Archipenko</a>, 1912, <i>La Vie Familiale, Family Life</i> (destroyed). Published in <i><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Literary_Annals" title="Political and Literary Annals">Les Annales politiques et littéraires</a></i>, n. 1529, 13 October 1912</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gino_Severini,_La_Danse_du_Pan-Pan,_L%E2%80%99autobus,_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires,_14_March_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paintings by Gino Severini, 1911, La Danse du Pan-Pan, and Severini, 1913, L’autobus. Published in "Les Annales politiques et littéraires", Le Paradoxe Cubiste, 14 March 1920"><img alt="Paintings by Gino Severini, 1911, La Danse du Pan-Pan, and Severini, 1913, L’autobus. Published in "Les Annales politiques et littéraires", Le Paradoxe Cubiste, 14 March 1920" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Gino_Severini%2C_La_Danse_du_Pan-Pan%2C_L%E2%80%99autobus%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_14_March_1920.jpg/104px-Gino_Severini%2C_La_Danse_du_Pan-Pan%2C_L%E2%80%99autobus%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_14_March_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Gino_Severini%2C_La_Danse_du_Pan-Pan%2C_L%E2%80%99autobus%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_14_March_1920.jpg/157px-Gino_Severini%2C_La_Danse_du_Pan-Pan%2C_L%E2%80%99autobus%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_14_March_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Gino_Severini%2C_La_Danse_du_Pan-Pan%2C_L%E2%80%99autobus%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_14_March_1920.jpg/209px-Gino_Severini%2C_La_Danse_du_Pan-Pan%2C_L%E2%80%99autobus%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_14_March_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1941" data-file-height="3529" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paintings by <a href="/wiki/Gino_Severini" title="Gino Severini">Gino Severini</a>, 1911, <i>La Danse du Pan-Pan</i>, and Severini, 1913, <i>L’autobus</i>. Published in "Les Annales politiques et littéraires", <i>Le Paradoxe Cubiste</i>, 14 March 1920</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gino_Severini,_Albert_Gleizes,_Luigi_Russolo,_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires,_n._1916,_14_March_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paintings by Gino Severini, 1911, Souvenirs de Voyage; Albert Gleizes, 1912, Man on a Balcony, L’Homme au balcon; Severini, 1912–13, Portrait de Mlle Jeanne Paul-Fort; Luigi Russolo, 1911–12, La Révolte. Published in "Les Annales politiques et littéraires", Le Paradoxe Cubiste (continued), n. 1916, 14 March 1920"><img alt="Paintings by Gino Severini, 1911, Souvenirs de Voyage; Albert Gleizes, 1912, Man on a Balcony, L’Homme au balcon; Severini, 1912–13, Portrait de Mlle Jeanne Paul-Fort; Luigi Russolo, 1911–12, La Révolte. Published in "Les Annales politiques et littéraires", Le Paradoxe Cubiste (continued), n. 1916, 14 March 1920" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Gino_Severini%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_Luigi_Russolo%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_n._1916%2C_14_March_1920.jpg/110px-Gino_Severini%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_Luigi_Russolo%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_n._1916%2C_14_March_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Gino_Severini%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_Luigi_Russolo%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_n._1916%2C_14_March_1920.jpg/166px-Gino_Severini%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_Luigi_Russolo%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_n._1916%2C_14_March_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Gino_Severini%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_Luigi_Russolo%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_n._1916%2C_14_March_1920.jpg/221px-Gino_Severini%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_Luigi_Russolo%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_n._1916%2C_14_March_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2081" data-file-height="3575" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paintings by <a href="/wiki/Gino_Severini" title="Gino Severini">Gino Severini</a>, 1911, <i>Souvenirs de Voyage</i>; <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, 1912, <i><a href="/wiki/Man_on_a_Balcony" title="Man on a Balcony">Man on a Balcony, L’Homme au balcon</a></i>; Severini, 1912–13, <i>Portrait de Mlle Jeanne Paul-Fort</i>; <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Luigi Russolo</a>, 1911–12, <i>La Révolte</i>. Published in "Les Annales politiques et littéraires", <i>Le Paradoxe Cubiste</i> (continued), n. 1916, 14 March 1920</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henri_Le_Fauconnier_(L%27Abondance),_Jean_Metzinger,_(Le_Go%C3%BBter),_Robert_Delaunay_(La_Tour_Eiffel),_La_Veu_de_Catalunya,_1_February_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paintings by Henri Le Fauconnier, 1910–11, L'Abondance, Haags Gemeentemuseum; Jean Metzinger, 1911, Le goûter (Tea Time), Philadelphia Museum of Art; Robert Delaunay, 1910–11, La Tour Eiffel. Published in La Veu de Catalunya, 1 February 1912"><img alt="Paintings by Henri Le Fauconnier, 1910–11, L'Abondance, Haags Gemeentemuseum; Jean Metzinger, 1911, Le goûter (Tea Time), Philadelphia Museum of Art; Robert Delaunay, 1910–11, La Tour Eiffel. Published in La Veu de Catalunya, 1 February 1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b0/Henri_Le_Fauconnier_%28L%27Abondance%29%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_%28Le_Go%C3%BBter%29%2C_Robert_Delaunay_%28La_Tour_Eiffel%29%2C_La_Veu_de_Catalunya%2C_1_February_1912.jpg/122px-Henri_Le_Fauconnier_%28L%27Abondance%29%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_%28Le_Go%C3%BBter%29%2C_Robert_Delaunay_%28La_Tour_Eiffel%29%2C_La_Veu_de_Catalunya%2C_1_February_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b0/Henri_Le_Fauconnier_%28L%27Abondance%29%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_%28Le_Go%C3%BBter%29%2C_Robert_Delaunay_%28La_Tour_Eiffel%29%2C_La_Veu_de_Catalunya%2C_1_February_1912.jpg/183px-Henri_Le_Fauconnier_%28L%27Abondance%29%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_%28Le_Go%C3%BBter%29%2C_Robert_Delaunay_%28La_Tour_Eiffel%29%2C_La_Veu_de_Catalunya%2C_1_February_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b0/Henri_Le_Fauconnier_%28L%27Abondance%29%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_%28Le_Go%C3%BBter%29%2C_Robert_Delaunay_%28La_Tour_Eiffel%29%2C_La_Veu_de_Catalunya%2C_1_February_1912.jpg/245px-Henri_Le_Fauconnier_%28L%27Abondance%29%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_%28Le_Go%C3%BBter%29%2C_Robert_Delaunay_%28La_Tour_Eiffel%29%2C_La_Veu_de_Catalunya%2C_1_February_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4508" data-file-height="7000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paintings by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a>, 1910–11, <i>L'Abondance</i>, Haags Gemeentemuseum; <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, 1911, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_go%C3%BBter_(Tea_Time)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le goûter (Tea Time)">Le goûter (Tea Time)</a></i>, Philadelphia Museum of Art; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a>, 1910–11, <i>La Tour Eiffel</i>. Published in <i>La Veu de Catalunya</i>, 1 February 1912</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_Gino_Severini,_Albert_Gleizes,_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires,_Sommaire_du_n._1536,_d%C3%A9cembre_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean Metzinger, 1910–11, Paysage (whereabouts unknown); Gino Severini, 1911, La danseuse obsedante; Albert Gleizes, 1912, l'Homme au Balcon, Man on a Balcony (Portrait of Dr. Théo Morinaud). Published in "Les Annales politiques et littéraires", Sommaire du n. 1536, décembre 1912"><img alt="Jean Metzinger, 1910–11, Paysage (whereabouts unknown); Gino Severini, 1911, La danseuse obsedante; Albert Gleizes, 1912, l'Homme au Balcon, Man on a Balcony (Portrait of Dr. Théo Morinaud). Published in "Les Annales politiques et littéraires", Sommaire du n. 1536, décembre 1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Jean_Metzinger%2C_Gino_Severini%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_Sommaire_du_n._1536%2C_d%C3%A9cembre_1912.jpg/121px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_Gino_Severini%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_Sommaire_du_n._1536%2C_d%C3%A9cembre_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Jean_Metzinger%2C_Gino_Severini%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_Sommaire_du_n._1536%2C_d%C3%A9cembre_1912.jpg/182px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_Gino_Severini%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_Sommaire_du_n._1536%2C_d%C3%A9cembre_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Jean_Metzinger%2C_Gino_Severini%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_Sommaire_du_n._1536%2C_d%C3%A9cembre_1912.jpg/243px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_Gino_Severini%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_Sommaire_du_n._1536%2C_d%C3%A9cembre_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1896" data-file-height="2964" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, 1910–11, <i>Paysage</i> (whereabouts unknown); <a href="/wiki/Gino_Severini" title="Gino Severini">Gino Severini</a>, 1911, <i>La danseuse obsedante</i>; <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, 1912, <i><a href="/wiki/Man_on_a_Balcony" title="Man on a Balcony">l'Homme au Balcon, Man on a Balcony (Portrait of Dr. Théo Morinaud)</a></i>. Published in "Les Annales politiques et littéraires", <i>Sommaire</i> du n. 1536, décembre 1912</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_Juan_Gris,_Marie_Laurencin,_August_Agero,_Veu_de_Catalunya,_25_April_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean Metzinger, c. 1911, Nature morte, Compotier et cruche décorée de cerfs; Juan Gris, 1911, Study for Man in a Café; Marie Laurencin, c. 1911, Testa ab plechs; August Agero, sculpture, Bust; Juan Gris, 1912, Guitar and Glasses, or Banjo and Glasses. Published in Veu de Catalunya, 25 April 1912"><img alt="Jean Metzinger, c. 1911, Nature morte, Compotier et cruche décorée de cerfs; Juan Gris, 1911, Study for Man in a Café; Marie Laurencin, c. 1911, Testa ab plechs; August Agero, sculpture, Bust; Juan Gris, 1912, Guitar and Glasses, or Banjo and Glasses. Published in Veu de Catalunya, 25 April 1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d3/Jean_Metzinger%2C_Juan_Gris%2C_Marie_Laurencin%2C_August_Agero%2C_Veu_de_Catalunya%2C_25_April_1912.jpg/123px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_Juan_Gris%2C_Marie_Laurencin%2C_August_Agero%2C_Veu_de_Catalunya%2C_25_April_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d3/Jean_Metzinger%2C_Juan_Gris%2C_Marie_Laurencin%2C_August_Agero%2C_Veu_de_Catalunya%2C_25_April_1912.jpg/185px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_Juan_Gris%2C_Marie_Laurencin%2C_August_Agero%2C_Veu_de_Catalunya%2C_25_April_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d3/Jean_Metzinger%2C_Juan_Gris%2C_Marie_Laurencin%2C_August_Agero%2C_Veu_de_Catalunya%2C_25_April_1912.jpg/246px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_Juan_Gris%2C_Marie_Laurencin%2C_August_Agero%2C_Veu_de_Catalunya%2C_25_April_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4541" data-file-height="7000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1911</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_morte_(Metzinger)" title="Nature morte (Metzinger)">Nature morte, Compotier et cruche décorée de cerfs</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a>, 1911, <i><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juan_Gris_-_Study_for_Man_in_a_Caf%C3%A9.jpg">Study for Man in a Café</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Marie_Laurencin" title="Marie Laurencin">Marie Laurencin</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1911</span>, <i>Testa ab plechs</i>; August Agero, sculpture, <i>Bust</i>; <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a>, 1912, <i>Guitar and Glasses</i>, or <i>Banjo and Glasses</i>. Published in <i>Veu de Catalunya</i>, 25 April 1912</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_Le_Go%C3%BBter_(Tea_Time),_published_in_Le_Journal,_30_September_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean Metzinger, 1911, Le goûter (Tea Time), Philadelphia Museum of Art. Published in Le Journal, 30 September 1911"><img alt="Jean Metzinger, 1911, Le goûter (Tea Time), Philadelphia Museum of Art. Published in Le Journal, 30 September 1911" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d3/Jean_Metzinger%2C_Le_Go%C3%BBter_%28Tea_Time%29%2C_published_in_Le_Journal%2C_30_September_1911.jpg/104px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_Le_Go%C3%BBter_%28Tea_Time%29%2C_published_in_Le_Journal%2C_30_September_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d3/Jean_Metzinger%2C_Le_Go%C3%BBter_%28Tea_Time%29%2C_published_in_Le_Journal%2C_30_September_1911.jpg/157px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_Le_Go%C3%BBter_%28Tea_Time%29%2C_published_in_Le_Journal%2C_30_September_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d3/Jean_Metzinger%2C_Le_Go%C3%BBter_%28Tea_Time%29%2C_published_in_Le_Journal%2C_30_September_1911.jpg/209px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_Le_Go%C3%BBter_%28Tea_Time%29%2C_published_in_Le_Journal%2C_30_September_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1138" data-file-height="2069" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, 1911, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_go%C3%BBter_(Tea_Time)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le goûter (Tea Time)">Le goûter (Tea Time)</a></i>, Philadelphia Museum of Art. Published in <i>Le Journal</i>, 30 September 1911</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Gris,_August_Agero,_Jean_Metzinger,_Marie_Laurencin,_Albert_Gleizes,_La_Publicidad,_26_April_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paintings by Juan Gris, Bodegón; August Agero (sculpture); Jean Metzinger, 1910–11, Deux Nus, Two Nudes, Gothenburg Museum of Art; Marie Laurencin (acrylic); Albert Gleizes, 1911, Paysage, Landscape. Published in La Publicidad, 26 April 1912"><img alt="Paintings by Juan Gris, Bodegón; August Agero (sculpture); Jean Metzinger, 1910–11, Deux Nus, Two Nudes, Gothenburg Museum of Art; Marie Laurencin (acrylic); Albert Gleizes, 1911, Paysage, Landscape. Published in La Publicidad, 26 April 1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/Juan_Gris%2C_August_Agero%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Marie_Laurencin%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_La_Publicidad%2C_26_April_1912.jpg/119px-Juan_Gris%2C_August_Agero%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Marie_Laurencin%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_La_Publicidad%2C_26_April_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/Juan_Gris%2C_August_Agero%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Marie_Laurencin%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_La_Publicidad%2C_26_April_1912.jpg/179px-Juan_Gris%2C_August_Agero%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Marie_Laurencin%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_La_Publicidad%2C_26_April_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/Juan_Gris%2C_August_Agero%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Marie_Laurencin%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_La_Publicidad%2C_26_April_1912.jpg/239px-Juan_Gris%2C_August_Agero%2C_Jean_Metzinger%2C_Marie_Laurencin%2C_Albert_Gleizes%2C_La_Publicidad%2C_26_April_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3771" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paintings by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a>, <i>Bodegón</i>; August Agero (sculpture); <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, 1910–11, <i><a href="/wiki/Deux_Nus" class="mw-redirect" title="Deux Nus">Deux Nus, Two Nudes</a></i>, Gothenburg Museum of Art; <a href="/wiki/Marie_Laurencin" title="Marie Laurencin">Marie Laurencin</a> (acrylic); <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, 1911, <i><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Gleizes,_1911,_Paysage_(Landscape),_oil_on_canvas,_71_x_91.5_cm._Reproduced_frontispiece_catalogue_Galeries_Dalmau,_Barcelona,_1912.jpg" title="File:Albert Gleizes, 1911, Paysage (Landscape), oil on canvas, 71 x 91.5 cm. Reproduced frontispiece catalogue Galeries Dalmau, Barcelona, 1912.jpg">Paysage, Landscape</a></i>. Published in <i>La Publicidad</i>, 26 April 1912</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Umberto_Boccioni_(La_rue_entre_dans_la_maison),_Luigi_Russolo_(Souvenir_d%E2%80%99une_nuit),_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires,_1_December_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Umberto Boccioni, 1911, La rue entre dans la maison; Luigi Russolo, 1911, Souvenir d’une nuit. Published in Les Annales politiques et littéraires, 1 December 1912"><img alt="Umberto Boccioni, 1911, La rue entre dans la maison; Luigi Russolo, 1911, Souvenir d’une nuit. Published in Les Annales politiques et littéraires, 1 December 1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Umberto_Boccioni_%28La_rue_entre_dans_la_maison%29%2C_Luigi_Russolo_%28Souvenir_d%E2%80%99une_nuit%29%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_1_December_1912.jpg/124px-Umberto_Boccioni_%28La_rue_entre_dans_la_maison%29%2C_Luigi_Russolo_%28Souvenir_d%E2%80%99une_nuit%29%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_1_December_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Umberto_Boccioni_%28La_rue_entre_dans_la_maison%29%2C_Luigi_Russolo_%28Souvenir_d%E2%80%99une_nuit%29%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_1_December_1912.jpg/187px-Umberto_Boccioni_%28La_rue_entre_dans_la_maison%29%2C_Luigi_Russolo_%28Souvenir_d%E2%80%99une_nuit%29%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_1_December_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Umberto_Boccioni_%28La_rue_entre_dans_la_maison%29%2C_Luigi_Russolo_%28Souvenir_d%E2%80%99une_nuit%29%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_1_December_1912.jpg/249px-Umberto_Boccioni_%28La_rue_entre_dans_la_maison%29%2C_Luigi_Russolo_%28Souvenir_d%E2%80%99une_nuit%29%2C_Les_Annales_politiques_et_litt%C3%A9raires%2C_1_December_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2049" data-file-height="3126" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Umberto Boccioni</a>, 1911, <i>La rue entre dans la maison</i>; <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Luigi Russolo</a>, 1911, <i>Souvenir d’une nuit</i>. Published in <i>Les Annales politiques et littéraires</i>, 1 December 1912</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Picabia_paintings_published_in_New_York_Tribune,_9_March_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francis Picabia, paintings published in the New York Tribune, 9 March 1913. Picabia held his first one-man show in New York, Exhibition of New York studies by Francis Picabia, at 291 art gallery (formerly Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession), March 17 - April 5, 1913"><img alt="Francis Picabia, paintings published in the New York Tribune, 9 March 1913. Picabia held his first one-man show in New York, Exhibition of New York studies by Francis Picabia, at 291 art gallery (formerly Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession), March 17 - April 5, 1913" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Francis_Picabia_paintings_published_in_New_York_Tribune%2C_9_March_1913.jpg/127px-Francis_Picabia_paintings_published_in_New_York_Tribune%2C_9_March_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Francis_Picabia_paintings_published_in_New_York_Tribune%2C_9_March_1913.jpg/191px-Francis_Picabia_paintings_published_in_New_York_Tribune%2C_9_March_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Francis_Picabia_paintings_published_in_New_York_Tribune%2C_9_March_1913.jpg/255px-Francis_Picabia_paintings_published_in_New_York_Tribune%2C_9_March_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6091" data-file-height="9066" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, paintings published in the <i>New York Tribune</i>, 9 March 1913. Picabia held his first one-man show in New York, <i>Exhibition of New York studies by Francis Picabia</i>, at <a href="/wiki/291_(art_gallery)" title="291 (art gallery)">291 art gallery</a> (formerly <i>Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession</i>), March 17 - April 5, 1913</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Csaky,_Robert_Delaunay,_Henry_Ottmann,_The_Sun_(New_York),_15_March_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Csaky, Head, 1913, plaster lost; Robert Delaunay, Hommage à Blériot, 1914 (Kunstmuseum Basel); Henri Ottmann, The Hat Seller, published in The Sun, New York, 15 March 1914"><img alt="Joseph Csaky, Head, 1913, plaster lost; Robert Delaunay, Hommage à Blériot, 1914 (Kunstmuseum Basel); Henri Ottmann, The Hat Seller, published in The Sun, New York, 15 March 1914" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Joseph_Csaky%2C_Robert_Delaunay%2C_Henry_Ottmann%2C_The_Sun_%28New_York%29%2C_15_March_1914.jpg/129px-Joseph_Csaky%2C_Robert_Delaunay%2C_Henry_Ottmann%2C_The_Sun_%28New_York%29%2C_15_March_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Joseph_Csaky%2C_Robert_Delaunay%2C_Henry_Ottmann%2C_The_Sun_%28New_York%29%2C_15_March_1914.jpg/194px-Joseph_Csaky%2C_Robert_Delaunay%2C_Henry_Ottmann%2C_The_Sun_%28New_York%29%2C_15_March_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Joseph_Csaky%2C_Robert_Delaunay%2C_Henry_Ottmann%2C_The_Sun_%28New_York%29%2C_15_March_1914.jpg/258px-Joseph_Csaky%2C_Robert_Delaunay%2C_Henry_Ottmann%2C_The_Sun_%28New_York%29%2C_15_March_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4842" data-file-height="7116" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a>, <i>Head</i>, 1913, plaster lost; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a>, <i>Hommage à Blériot</i>, 1914 (Kunstmuseum Basel); <a href="/wiki/Henri_Ottmann" title="Henri Ottmann">Henri Ottmann</a>, <i>The Hat Seller</i>, published in <i>The Sun</i>, New York, 15 March 1914</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Gleizes,_Jean_Crotti,_Marcel_Duchamp,_The_Sun,_New_York,_2_January_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albert Gleizes, (left) in front of his painting Jazz; Jean Crotti (center) studying his Femme à la toque rouge; Marcel Duchamp (right) at his drawing board, in front of Jacques Villon's Portrait de M. J. B. peintre, The Sun, New York, 2 January 1916"><img alt="Albert Gleizes, (left) in front of his painting Jazz; Jean Crotti (center) studying his Femme à la toque rouge; Marcel Duchamp (right) at his drawing board, in front of Jacques Villon's Portrait de M. J. B. peintre, The Sun, New York, 2 January 1916" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Albert_Gleizes%2C_Jean_Crotti%2C_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_The_Sun%2C_New_York%2C_2_January_1916.jpg/140px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_Jean_Crotti%2C_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_The_Sun%2C_New_York%2C_2_January_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Albert_Gleizes%2C_Jean_Crotti%2C_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_The_Sun%2C_New_York%2C_2_January_1916.jpg/210px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_Jean_Crotti%2C_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_The_Sun%2C_New_York%2C_2_January_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Albert_Gleizes%2C_Jean_Crotti%2C_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_The_Sun%2C_New_York%2C_2_January_1916.jpg/280px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_Jean_Crotti%2C_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_The_Sun%2C_New_York%2C_2_January_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5364" data-file-height="7080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, (left) in front of his painting <i>Jazz</i>; <a href="/wiki/Jean_Crotti" title="Jean Crotti">Jean Crotti</a> (center) studying his <i>Femme à la toque rouge</i>; <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a> (right) at his drawing board, in front of <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a>'s <i>Portrait de M. J. B. peintre</i>, <i>The Sun</i>, New York, 2 January 1916</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Gleizes,_Marcel_Duchamp,_Jean_Crotti,_Hugo_Robus,_Stanton_MacDonald-Wright,_Frances_Simpson_Stevens,_Every_Week,_No._14,_April_2,_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albert Gleizes (with Chal Post, 1915); Marcel Duchamp (with his brother Jacques Villon's Portrait de M. J. B. peintre (Jacques Bon) 1914); Jean Crotti; Hugo Robus; Stanton Macdonald-Wright; and Frances Simpson Stevens (center), Every Week, Vol. 4, No. 14, April 2, 1917, p. 14"><img alt="Albert Gleizes (with Chal Post, 1915); Marcel Duchamp (with his brother Jacques Villon's Portrait de M. J. B. peintre (Jacques Bon) 1914); Jean Crotti; Hugo Robus; Stanton Macdonald-Wright; and Frances Simpson Stevens (center), Every Week, Vol. 4, No. 14, April 2, 1917, p. 14" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Albert_Gleizes%2C_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_Jean_Crotti%2C_Hugo_Robus%2C_Stanton_MacDonald-Wright%2C_Frances_Simpson_Stevens%2C_Every_Week%2C_No._14%2C_April_2%2C_1917.jpg/127px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_Jean_Crotti%2C_Hugo_Robus%2C_Stanton_MacDonald-Wright%2C_Frances_Simpson_Stevens%2C_Every_Week%2C_No._14%2C_April_2%2C_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Albert_Gleizes%2C_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_Jean_Crotti%2C_Hugo_Robus%2C_Stanton_MacDonald-Wright%2C_Frances_Simpson_Stevens%2C_Every_Week%2C_No._14%2C_April_2%2C_1917.jpg/190px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_Jean_Crotti%2C_Hugo_Robus%2C_Stanton_MacDonald-Wright%2C_Frances_Simpson_Stevens%2C_Every_Week%2C_No._14%2C_April_2%2C_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Albert_Gleizes%2C_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_Jean_Crotti%2C_Hugo_Robus%2C_Stanton_MacDonald-Wright%2C_Frances_Simpson_Stevens%2C_Every_Week%2C_No._14%2C_April_2%2C_1917.jpg/254px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_Jean_Crotti%2C_Hugo_Robus%2C_Stanton_MacDonald-Wright%2C_Frances_Simpson_Stevens%2C_Every_Week%2C_No._14%2C_April_2%2C_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2403" data-file-height="3597" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Albert Gleizes (with <i>Chal Post</i>, 1915); <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a> (with his brother <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a>'s <i>Portrait de M. J. B. peintre (Jacques Bon)</i> 1914); <a href="/wiki/Jean_Crotti" title="Jean Crotti">Jean Crotti</a>; Hugo Robus; <a href="/wiki/Stanton_Macdonald-Wright" title="Stanton Macdonald-Wright">Stanton Macdonald-Wright</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Frances_Simpson_Stevens" title="Frances Simpson Stevens">Frances Simpson Stevens</a> (center), <i>Every Week</i>, Vol. 4, No. 14, April 2, 1917, p. 14</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_1916,_Femme_au_miroir_(Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette,_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table),_published_in_The_Sun,_New_York,_28_April_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean Metzinger, April 1916, Femme au miroir (Femme à sa toilette, Lady at her Dressing Table), The Sun, New York, Sunday 28 April 1918"><img alt="Jean Metzinger, April 1916, Femme au miroir (Femme à sa toilette, Lady at her Dressing Table), The Sun, New York, Sunday 28 April 1918" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1916%2C_Femme_au_miroir_%28Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette%2C_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table%29%2C_published_in_The_Sun%2C_New_York%2C_28_April_1918.jpg/105px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1916%2C_Femme_au_miroir_%28Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette%2C_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table%29%2C_published_in_The_Sun%2C_New_York%2C_28_April_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1916%2C_Femme_au_miroir_%28Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette%2C_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table%29%2C_published_in_The_Sun%2C_New_York%2C_28_April_1918.jpg/158px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1916%2C_Femme_au_miroir_%28Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette%2C_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table%29%2C_published_in_The_Sun%2C_New_York%2C_28_April_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1916%2C_Femme_au_miroir_%28Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette%2C_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table%29%2C_published_in_The_Sun%2C_New_York%2C_28_April_1918.jpg/211px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1916%2C_Femme_au_miroir_%28Femme_%C3%A0_sa_toilette%2C_Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table%29%2C_published_in_The_Sun%2C_New_York%2C_28_April_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3206" data-file-height="5771" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, April 1916, <i><a href="/wiki/Femme_au_miroir" class="mw-redirect" title="Femme au miroir">Femme au miroir (Femme à sa toilette, Lady at her Dressing Table)</a></i>, <i>The Sun</i>, New York, Sunday 28 April 1918</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art" title="Fourth dimension in art">Fourth dimension in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisionism" title="Precisionism">Precisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_d%27Or" title="Section d'Or">Section d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Metzinger, <i>Note sur la peinture</i>, Pan (Paris), October–November 1910</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moma.org-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moma.org_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moma.org_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moma.org_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140813112047/http://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10068&displayall=1">"The Collection | MoMA"</a>. <i>The Museum of Modern Art</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/collection/">the original</a> on August 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.atitle=The+Collection+%26%23124%3B+MoMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fcollection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-museum/press-room/exhibitions/2014/cubism-the-leonard-lauder-collection"><i>Cubism: The Leonard A. 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Paul Getty Trust, University of Washington Press 1985, pp. 34–42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/collection/">"The Collection | MoMA"</a>. <i>The Museum of Modern Art</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.atitle=The+Collection+%26%23124%3B+MoMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fcollection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/geab/hd_geab.htm">Magdalena Dabrowski, <i>Geometric Abstraction</i>, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2000</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoMA,_Meanings_and_interpretations-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MoMA,_Meanings_and_interpretations_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoMA,_Meanings_and_interpretations_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702090838/http://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10068&section_id=T020544">"The Collection | MoMA"</a>. <i>The Museum of Modern Art</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/collection/">the original</a> on July 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.atitle=The+Collection+%26%23124%3B+MoMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fcollection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081024234226/http://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10955&section_id=T019195">"The Collection | MoMA"</a>. <i>The Museum of Modern Art</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/collection/">the original</a> on October 24, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.atitle=The+Collection+%26%23124%3B+MoMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fcollection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HF-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HF_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Honour" title="Hugh Honour">Honour, H.</a> and J. Fleming, (2009) <i>A World History of Art</i>. 7th edn. London: Laurence King Publishing, p. 784. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781856695848" title="Special:BookSources/9781856695848">9781856695848</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Cubist_Epoch-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Cubist_Epoch_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Cubist_Epoch_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Douglas Cooper, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cubistepoch00coop#page/n0/mode/2up">"The Cubist Epoch"</a>, pp. 11–221, 232, Phaidon Press Limited 1970 in association with the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art" title="Los Angeles County Museum of Art">Los Angeles County Museum of Art</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87587-041-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87587-041-4">0-87587-041-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christopher_Green-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green_12-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10068&displayall=1#skipToContent">Christopher Green, 2009, <i>Cubism</i>, MoMA, Grove Art Online, Oxford University Press</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140813112047/http://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10068&displayall=1">Archived</a> 2014-08-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper,_24-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper,_24_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper,_24_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper,_24_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7521008s/f2.item">Louis Vauxcelles, <i>Exposition Braques</i>, Gil Blas, 14 November 1908</a>, Gallica (BnF)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Danchev-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Danchev_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danchev_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanchev2007" class="citation book cs1">Danchev, Alex (March 29, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iTzniDD6EwAC&q=little+cubes&pg=PR123"><i>Georges Braque: A Life</i></a>. 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Paul Getty Trust, University of Washington Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apollinaire-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apollinaire_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apollinaire_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apollinaire_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guillaume Apollinaire, <i>Les Peintres cubistes: Méditations esthétiques</i> (Paris, 1913)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228221226/http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/artwork/1022">"Eiffel Tower"</a>. <i>The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/1022">the original</a> on February 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guggenheim+Museums+and+Foundation&rft.atitle=Eiffel+Tower&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guggenheim.org%2Fartwork%2F1022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelett_Burgess-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gelett_Burgess_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424182236/http://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/11445-the-wild-men-of-paris">"The Wild Men of Paris"</a>. <i>www.architecturalrecord.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/11445-the-wild-men-of-paris?v=preview">the original</a> on April 24, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.architecturalrecord.com&rft.atitle=The+Wild+Men+of+Paris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.architecturalrecord.com%2Farticles%2F11445-the-wild-men-of-paris%3Fv%3Dpreview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305063403/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D02E2D71131E233A2575BC0A9669D946096D6CF&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1911%2F10%2F08%2F104878571.html">"Eccentric School of Painting Increases Its Vogue in the Current Art Exhibition --- What Its Followers Attempt to Do"</a>. October 8, 1911. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1911/10/08/archives/eccentric-school-of-painting-increases-its-vogue-in-the-current-art.html">the original</a> on March 5, 2016 – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eccentric+School+of+Painting+Increases+Its+Vogue+in+the+Current+Art+Exhibition+---+What+Its+Followers+Attempt+to+Do.&rft.date=1911-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1911%2F10%2F08%2Farchives%2Feccentric-school-of-painting-increases-its-vogue-in-the-current-art.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY_Times-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NY_Times_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NY_Times_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/10/08/104878571.pdf">"<i>The "Cubists" Dominate Paris' Fall Salon</i>, <i>The New York Times</i>, October 8, 1911 (High-resolution PDF)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/10/08/104878571.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%22Cubists%22+Dominate+Paris%27+Fall+Salon%2C+The+New+York+Times%2C+October+8%2C+1911+%28High-resolution+PDF%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1911%2F10%2F08%2F104878571.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918063503/http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/51449.html?mulR=24120%7C3">"Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2)"</a>. <i>philamuseum.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philamuseum.org/collection/object/51449">the original</a> on September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=philamuseum.org&rft.atitle=Nude+Descending+a+Staircase+%28No.+2%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilamuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fobject%2F51449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120115151153/http://www.smk.dk/en/explore-the-art/the-royal-collections/french-art-1900-1930/highlights/jean-metzinger-woman-with-a-horse/">"Statens Museum for Kunst, National Gallery of Denmark, Jean Metzinger, 1911–12, <i>Woman with a Horse</i>, oil on canvas, 162 × 130 cm"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smk.dk/en/explore-the-art/the-royal-collections/french-art-1900-1930/highlights/jean-metzinger-woman-with-a-horse/">the original</a> on January 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statens+Museum+for+Kunst%2C+National+Gallery+of+Denmark%2C+Jean+Metzinger%2C+1911%E2%80%9312%2C+Woman+with+a+Horse%2C+oil+on+canvas%2C+162+%C3%97+130+cm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smk.dk%2Fen%2Fexplore-the-art%2Fthe-royal-collections%2Ffrench-art-1900-1930%2Fhighlights%2Fjean-metzinger-woman-with-a-horse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Antliff,_Leighten-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Antliff,_Leighten_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antliff,_Leighten_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Antliff and Patricia Leighten, <i>A Cubism Reader, Documents and Criticism, 1906–1914</i>, University of Chicago Press, 2008, pp. 293–295</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carol_A._Hess-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carol_A._Hess_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qrP60BqU634C&dq=cubisme+en+espana%2C+galeries+dalmau&pg=PA76">Carol A. Hess, <i>Manuel de Falla and Modernism in Spain, 1898–1936</i></a>, University of Chicago Press, 2001, p. 76, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226330389" title="Special:BookSources/0226330389">0226330389</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acca.cat/formacions/commemoracio-del-centenari-del-cubisme-a-barcelona-1912-2012/">Commemoració del centenari del cubisme a Barcelona. 1912–2012</a>, Associació Catalana de Crítics d'Art – ACCA</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vidal-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vidal_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicacions.ub.edu/ficha.aspx?cod=03809">Mercè Vidal, <i>L'exposició d'Art Cubista de les Galeries Dalmau 1912</i></a>, Edicions Universitat Barcelona, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8447513831" title="Special:BookSources/8447513831">8447513831</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cubisminshadowof00cott/page/227">David Cottington, <i>Cubism in the Shadow of War: The Avant-garde and Politics in Paris 1905–1914</i></a>, Yale University Press, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300075294" title="Special:BookSources/0300075294">0300075294</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cubista-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cubista_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pandora.girona.cat/viewer.vm?id=2933958&view=dalmau&lang=en">"Exposició d'Art Cubista"</a>. <i>Dalmau Galleries</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dalmau+Galleries&rft.atitle=Exposici%C3%B3+d%27Art+Cubista.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpandora.girona.cat%2Fviewer.vm%3Fid%3D2933958%26view%3Ddalmau%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mdc2.cbuc.cat/cdm/compoundobject/collection/veup1/id/31472/rec/8">Joaquim Folch i Torres, <i>Els Cubistes a cân Dalmau</i>, Pàgina artística de La Veu de Catalunya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180422134407/http://mdc2.cbuc.cat/cdm/compoundobject/collection/veup1/id/31472/rec/8">Archived</a> 2018-04-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Barcelona) 18 April 1912, Any 22, núm. 4637–4652 (16–30 abr. 1912)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acca.cat/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/premsa_exposicio_art_cubista.pdf">Joaquim Folch y Torres, "El cubisme", Pàgina Artística de La Veu, La Veu de Catalunya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023339/http://acca.cat/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/premsa_exposicio_art_cubista.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 25 April 1912 (includes numerous articles on the artists and exhibition)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson_et_al-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_et_al_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_et_al_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6EvIx6zOuqgC&q=dalmau&pg=PA319">William H. Robinson, Jordi Falgàs, Carmen Belen Lord, <i>Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí</i></a>, Cleveland Museum of Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York), Yale University Press, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300121067" title="Special:BookSources/0300121067">0300121067</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mdc2.cbuc.cat/cdm/compoundobject/collection/esquella/id/13001/rec/1746">Cubist caricature, <i>Esquella de La Torratxa</i>, Núm 1740 (3 maig 1912)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Noticiero_Universal-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Noticiero_Universal_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Noticiero_Universal_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pandora.girona.cat/viewer.vm?id=2934290&view=dalmau&lang=en">"[Exposició d'Art Cubista – Noticiero Universal]"</a>. <i>Dalmau Galleries</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dalmau+Galleries&rft.atitle=%5BExposici%C3%B3+d%27Art+Cubista+%E2%80%93+Noticiero+Universal%5D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpandora.girona.cat%2Fviewer.vm%3Fid%3D2934290%26view%3Ddalmau%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jaime Brihuega, <i>Las Vanguardias Artísticas en España 1909–1936</i>, Madrid. Istmo.1981</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rubin_36-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin_36_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin_36_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubin, William, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Museum of Modern Art (1989). <i>Picasso and Braque: Pioneering Cubism</i>. New York, Boston: Museum of Modern Art. p. 36. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870706752" title="Special:BookSources/9780870706752">9780870706752</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubin, William, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Museum of Modern Art (1989). <i>Picasso and Braque: Pioneering Cubism</i>. New York, Boston: Museum of Modern Art. p. 30. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870706752" title="Special:BookSources/9780870706752">9780870706752</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904034853/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7625001c/f1.image">"Le Journal"</a>. <i>Gallica</i>. October 5, 1912. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7625001c">the original</a> on September 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallica&rft.atitle=Le+Journal&rft.date=1912-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k7625001c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Débats_parlementaires-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Débats_parlementaires_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Débats_parlementaires_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6470818j/f8.image.r=1912%20%20Salon%20d%27Automne%20%20Chambre%20des%20d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s%20%20cubiste%20Assembl%C3%A9e%20Nationale.langFR">Journal officiel de la République française. Débats parlementaires. Chambre des députés, 3 Décembre 1912, pp. 2924–2929. Bibliothèque et Archives de l'Assemblée nationale, 2012–7516</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904034853/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6470818j/f8.image.r=1912%20%20Salon%20d%27Automne%20%20Chambre%20des%20d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s%20%20cubiste%20Assembl%C3%A9e%20Nationale.langFR">Archived</a> 2015-09-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1270-5942">1270-5942</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patrick_F._Barrer-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Patrick_F._Barrer_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick F. Barrer: <i>Quand l'art du XXe siècle était conçu par les inconnus</i>, pp. 93–101, gives an account of the debate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130522231116/http://www.peterbrooke.org.uk/a%26r/chronology">"biography"</a>. <i>www.peterbrooke.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterbrooke.org.uk/a&r/chronology">the original</a> on May 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.peterbrooke.org.uk&rft.atitle=biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterbrooke.org.uk%2Fa%26r%2Fchronology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070918235710/http://www.fondationgleizes.fr/albert-gleizes-oeuvre.html">"Albert-Gleizes-œuvre"</a>. September 18, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fondationgleizes.fr/albert-gleizes-oeuvre.html">the original</a> on 2007-09-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albert-Gleizes-%C5%93uvre&rft.date=2007-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fondationgleizes.fr%2Falbert-gleizes-oeuvre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_History_and_Chronology_of_Cubism-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_History_and_Chronology_of_Cubism_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_History_and_Chronology_of_Cubism_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314010756/http://www.serdar-hizli-art.com/art_history/abstract_art/history_and_chronology_of_cubism_page_5.htm">"The History and Chronology of Cubism, p. 5"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serdar-hizli-art.com/art_history/abstract_art/history_and_chronology_of_cubism_page_5.htm">the original</a> on March 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Chronology+of+Cubism%2C+p.+5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.serdar-hizli-art.com%2Fart_history%2Fabstract_art%2Fhistory_and_chronology_of_cubism_page_5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403151309/http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_s8JyxbYrSG0/TJZ4b_6VYNI/AAAAAAAABfo/5RCFXVta2yk/s1600/La+Section+d%27Or+num%C3%A9ro+sp%C3%A9cial+9+octobre+1912+couv.jpg">"La Section d'Or, Numéro spécial, 9 Octobre 1912"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_s8JyxbYrSG0/TJZ4b_6VYNI/AAAAAAAABfo/5RCFXVta2yk/s1600/La+Section+d%27Or+numéro+spécial+9+octobre+1912+couv.jpg">the original</a> on April 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Section+d%27Or%2C+Num%C3%A9ro+sp%C3%A9cial%2C+9+Octobre+1912&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F1.bp.blogspot.com%2F_s8JyxbYrSG0%2FTJZ4b_6VYNI%2FAAAAAAAABfo%2F5RCFXVta2yk%2Fs1600%2FLa%2BSection%2Bd%2527Or%2Bnum%C3%A9ro%2Bsp%C3%A9cial%2B9%2Boctobre%2B1912%2Bcouv.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, 20–27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daniel_Robbins-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_53-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins1964" class="citation web cs1">Robbins, Daniel (April 19, 1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/albertgleizes1881robb">"Albert Gleizes, 1881–1953 : a retrospective exhibition"</a>. [New York : Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation] – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albert+Gleizes%2C+1881%E2%80%931953+%3A+a+retrospective+exhibition&rft.pub=%5BNew+York+%3A+Solomon+R.+Guggenheim+Foundation%5D&rft.date=1964-04-19&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falbertgleizes1881robb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louis Chassevent, <i>Les Artistes Indépendants, 1906</i>, Quelques Petits Salons. Paris, 1908. Chassevent discussed Delaunay and Metzinger in terms of Signac's influence, referring to Metzinger's "precision in the cut of his cubes..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robert_Herbert-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robert_Herbert_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robert_Herbert_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Herbert, Neo-Impressionism, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New York, 1968</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Gleizes and J. Metzinger. Du "Cubisme", Edition Figuière, Paris, 1912 (Eng. trans., London, 1913)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904034853/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k201712x/f1.image">"Mercure de France : série moderne / directeur Alfred Vallette"</a>. <i>Gallica</i>. December 1, 1912. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k201712x">the original</a> on September 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallica&rft.atitle=Mercure+de+France+%3A+s%C3%A9rie+moderne+%2F+directeur+Alfred+Vallette&rft.date=1912-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k201712x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-David_Cottington-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-David_Cottington_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-David_Cottington_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottington2004" class="citation book cs1">Cottington, David (April 19, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101225927/https://books.google.com/books?id=KFGgxn7lfq0C&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=Cubism,+mobile+perspective&source=bl&ots=rm_znb7YtG&sig=8jHfIJBskeVW31AU_0hqno0HLBY&hl=fr"><i>Cubism and Its Histories</i></a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719050046" title="Special:BookSources/9780719050046"><bdi>9780719050046</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KFGgxn7lfq0C&q=Cubism%2C+mobile+perspective&pg=PA92">the original</a> on January 1, 2016 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cubism+and+Its+Histories&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2004-04-19&rft.isbn=9780719050046&rft.aulast=Cottington&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKFGgxn7lfq0C%26q%3DCubism%252C%2Bmobile%2Bperspective%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green,_1987-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Green,_1987_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e7ZuQgAACAAJ&q=Christopher+Green,+%27%27Cubism+and+Its+Enemies:+Modern+Movements">Christopher Green, <i>Cubism and Its Enemies: Modern Movements and Reaction in French Art, 1916–1928</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101225927/https://books.google.com/books?id=e7ZuQgAACAAJ&dq=Christopher+Green,+%27%27Cubism+and+Its+Enemies:+Modern+Movements&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gliFVJKzJcizUe3AghA&redir_esc=y">Archived</a> 2016-01-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300034687" title="Special:BookSources/0300034687">0300034687</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?object_id=78630">"The Museum of Modern Art"</a>. Moma.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.pub=Moma.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoma.org%2Fcollection%2Fbrowse_results.php%3Fobject_id%3D78630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolokytha,_CharaHammond,_J.M.Vlčková,_Lucie" class="citation journal cs1">Kolokytha, Chara; Hammond, J.M.; Vlčková, Lucie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/overview/cubism">"Cubism"</a>. <i>Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Modernism&rft.atitle=Cubism&rft.au=Kolokytha%2C+Chara&rft.au=Hammond%2C+J.M.&rft.au=Vl%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1%2C+Lucie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rem.routledge.com%2Farticles%2Foverview%2Fcubism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchive" class="citation web cs1">Archive, Asia Art. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/library/cubism-in-asia-unbounded-dialogues-report">"Cubism in Asia: Unbounded Dialogues – Report"</a>. <i>aaa.org.hk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aaa.org.hk&rft.atitle=Cubism+in+Asia%3A+Unbounded+Dialogues+%E2%80%93+Report&rft.aulast=Archive&rft.aufirst=Asia+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faaa.org.hk%2Fen%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2Flibrary%2Fcubism-in-asia-unbounded-dialogues-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGris" class="citation web cs1">Gris, Juan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artic.edu/artworks/8624/portrait-of-pablo-picasso">"Portrait of Pablo Picasso"</a>. <i>The Art Institute of Chicago</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Institute+of+Chicago&rft.atitle=Portrait+of+Pablo+Picasso&rft.aulast=Gris&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artic.edu%2Fartworks%2F8624%2Fportrait-of-pablo-picasso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bluemountain.princeton.edu/bluemtn/cgi-bin/bluemtn?a=d&d=bmtnabk1913-04.2.3&srpos=19&e=-------en-20--1--txt-IN-picasso----#">Pablo Picasso, 1909–10, <i>Head of a Woman</i>, bronze, published in <i>Umělecký Mĕsíčník</i>, 1913</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140303215312/http://bluemountain.princeton.edu/bluemtn/cgi-bin/bluemtn?a=d&d=bmtnabk1913-04.2.3&srpos=19&e=-------en-20--1--txt-IN-picasso----">Archived</a> 2014-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Blue Mountain Project, Princeton University</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Rosenblum, "Cubism", Readings in Art History 2 (1976), Seuphor, Sculpture of this Century</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalas1998" class="citation book cs1">Balas, Edith (April 19, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101225927/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUPz18-QeyEC&q=csaky"><i>Joseph Csáky: A Pioneer of Modern Sculpture</i></a>. American Philosophical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871692306" title="Special:BookSources/9780871692306"><bdi>9780871692306</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rUPz18-QeyEC&q=csaky">the original</a> on January 1, 2016 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+Cs%C3%A1ky%3A+A+Pioneer+of+Modern+Sculpture&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1998-04-19&rft.isbn=9780871692306&rft.aulast=Balas&rft.aufirst=Edith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrUPz18-QeyEC%26q%3Dcsaky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blau_&_Troy-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blau_&_Troy_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blau_&_Troy_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/915987228"><i>Architecture and cubism</i></a>. Centre canadien d'architecture/Canadian Centre for Architecture : MIT Press. April 19, 2002. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/915987228">915987228</a> – via Open WorldCat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+and+cubism&rft.pub=Centre+canadien+d%27architecture%2FCanadian+Centre+for+Architecture+%3A+MIT+Press&rft.date=2002-04-19&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F915987228&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F915987228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christopher_Green,_Architecture-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green,_Architecture_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green,_Architecture_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Green,_Architecture_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120405115249/http://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10068&section_id=T020551">"The Collection | MoMA"</a>. <i>The Museum of Modern Art</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/collection/">the original</a> on April 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.atitle=The+Collection+%26%23124%3B+MoMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fcollection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P. R. Banham. Theory and Design in the First Machine Age (London, 1960), p. 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Choay, Françoise, <i>le corbusier</i> (1960), pp. 10–11. George Braziller, Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8076-0104-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8076-0104-7">0-8076-0104-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602141918/http://www.learn.columbia.edu/monographs/picmon/pdf/art_hum_reading_46.pdf">"Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinge, except from <i>Du Cubisme</i>, 1912"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learn.columbia.edu/monographs/picmon/pdf/art_hum_reading_46.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albert+Gleizes+and+Jean+Metzinge%2C+except+from+Du+Cubisme%2C+1912&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.learn.columbia.edu%2Fmonographs%2Fpicmon%2Fpdf%2Fart_hum_reading_46.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubisme.info/kt324a.html">La Maison Cubiste, 1912</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313233214/http://www.kubisme.info/kt324a.html">Archived</a> 2013-03-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubisme.info/kt315s.html">Kubistische werken op de Armory Show</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313233210/http://www.kubisme.info/kt315s.html">Archived</a> 2013-03-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314150144/http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/detail-duchampvillons-faade-architecturale-14604">"Detail of Duchamp-Villon's Façade architecturale, 1913, from the Walt Kuhn Family papers and Armory Show records, 1859–1984, bulk 1900–1949"</a>. <i>www.aaa.si.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/items/detail/detail-duchampvillons-faade-architecturale-14604">the original</a> on March 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aaa.si.edu&rft.atitle=Detail+of+Duchamp-Villon%27s+Fa%C3%A7ade+architecturale%2C+1913%2C+from+the+Walt+Kuhn+Family+papers+and+Armory+Show+records%2C+1859%E2%80%931984%2C+bulk+1900%E2%80%931949&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaa.si.edu%2Fcollections%2Fitems%2Fdetail%2Fdetail-duchampvillons-faade-architecturale-14604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/catnter00unse">"Catalogue of international exhibition of modern art: at the Armory of the Sixty-ninth Infantry"</a>. Association of American Painters and Sculptors. April 19, 1913 – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+international+exhibition+of+modern+art%3A+at+the+Armory+of+the+Sixty-ninth+Infantry&rft.pub=Association+of+American+Painters+and+Sculptors&rft.date=1913-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcatnter00unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2000" class="citation book cs1">Green, Christopher (January 1, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130140743/https://books.google.com/books?id=vlY6SLmg-xEC&pg=PA161&lpg=PA161&dq=%22maison+cubiste%22+1912&source=bl&ots=jv-hGOpwJc&sig=0m8pM6Oi2mPGtmB6uB0Fe3s9YAQ&hl=en"><i>Art in France, 1900–1940</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300099088" title="Special:BookSources/0300099088"><bdi>0300099088</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vlY6SLmg-xEC&q=%22maison+cubiste%22+1912&pg=PA161">the original</a> on November 30, 2016 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+in+France%2C+1900%E2%80%931940&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.isbn=0300099088&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvlY6SLmg-xEC%26q%3D%2522maison%2Bcubiste%2522%2B1912%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2000" class="citation book cs1">Green, Christopher (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vlY6SLmg-xEC&q=%22jacques+doucet%22+staircase+by+joseph+csaky&pg=PA57"><i>Joseph Csaky's staircase in the home of Jacques Doucet</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300099088" title="Special:BookSources/0300099088"><bdi>0300099088</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430202312/https://books.google.com/books?id=vlY6SLmg-xEC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=%22jacques+doucet%22+staircase+by+joseph+csaky&source=bl&ots=jvZeOQqDNb&sig=FF6sbrEJ7QnZEljAmyquHlR6oJI&hl=fr#v=onepage&q=%22jacques%20doucet%22%20staircase%20by%20joseph%20csaky&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+Csaky%27s+staircase+in+the+home+of+Jacques+Doucet&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0300099088&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvlY6SLmg-xEC%26q%3D%2522jacques%2Bdoucet%2522%2Bstaircase%2Bby%2Bjoseph%2Bcsaky%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRex2011" class="citation web cs1">Rex, Aestheticus (14 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aestheticusrex.blogspot.com.es/2011/04/jacques-doucets-studio-st-james-at.html">"Jacques Doucet's Studio St. James at Neuilly-sur-Seine"</a>. Aestheticusrex.blogspot.com.es. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130327104507/http://aestheticusrex.blogspot.com.es/2011/04/jacques-doucets-studio-st-james-at.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jacques+Doucet%27s+Studio+St.+James+at+Neuilly-sur-Seine&rft.pub=Aestheticusrex.blogspot.com.es&rft.date=2011-04-14&rft.aulast=Rex&rft.aufirst=Aestheticus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faestheticusrex.blogspot.com.es%2F2011%2F04%2Fjacques-doucets-studio-st-james-at.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImbert1993" class="citation book cs1">Imbert, Dorothée (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fcKfjM9OknEC&q=jacques+doucet%2C+rue+Saint-James%2C+Neuilly&pg=PA56"><i><span></span></i>The Modernist Garden in France<i>, Dorothée Imbert, 1993, Yale University Press</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300047169" title="Special:BookSources/0300047169"><bdi>0300047169</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430165254/https://books.google.com/books?id=fcKfjM9OknEC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=jacques+doucet,+rue+Saint-James,+Neuilly&source=bl&ots=QqQ4m-jgXG&sig=5RJ8fjC4pmSaCE2b9sRNDNN3IfM&hl=en#v=onepage&q=jacques%20doucet%2C%20rue%20Saint-James%2C%20Neuilly&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modernist+Garden+in+France%2C+Doroth%C3%A9e+Imbert%2C+1993%2C+Yale+University+Press&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0300047169&rft.aulast=Imbert&rft.aufirst=Doroth%C3%A9e&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfcKfjM9OknEC%26q%3Djacques%2Bdoucet%252C%2Brue%2BSaint-James%252C%2BNeuilly%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalas1998" class="citation book cs1">Balas, Edith (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rUPz18-QeyEC&q=jacques+doucet%2C+joseph+Csaky&pg=PA5"><i>Joseph Csáky: A Pioneer of Modern Sculpture, Edith Balas, 1998, p. 5</i></a>. American Philosophical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871692306" title="Special:BookSources/9780871692306"><bdi>9780871692306</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430153058/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUPz18-QeyEC&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=jacques+doucet,+joseph+Csaky&source=bl&ots=wywyzJn6BX&sig=SeI2no9a60nGo0uIEfOSpbjxWVM&hl=en#v=onepage&q=jacques%20doucet%2C%20joseph%20Csaky&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+Cs%C3%A1ky%3A+A+Pioneer+of+Modern+Sculpture%2C+Edith+Balas%2C+1998%2C+p.+5&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780871692306&rft.aulast=Balas&rft.aufirst=Edith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrUPz18-QeyEC%26q%3Djacques%2Bdoucet%252C%2Bjoseph%2BCsaky%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bonek-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bonek_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bonek_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoněk2014" class="citation book cs1">Boněk, Jan (2014). <i>Cubist Prague</i>. Prague: Eminent. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-7281-469-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-7281-469-5"><bdi>978-80-7281-469-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cubist+Prague&rft.place=Prague&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Eminent&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-80-7281-469-5&rft.aulast=Bon%C4%9Bk&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cztourism-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cztourism_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.czechtourism.com/p/cubism-editorial/">"Cubism"</a>. <i>www.czechtourism.com</i>. CzechTourism. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016060851/https://www.czechtourism.com/p/cubism-editorial/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.czechtourism.com&rft.atitle=Cubism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.czechtourism.com%2Fp%2Fcubism-editorial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-radioprague-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-radioprague_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio.cz/en/static/inventors/cubism">"Cubist architecture"</a>. <i>www.radio.cz</i>. Radio Prague. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911055421/http://www.radio.cz/en/static/inventors/cubism">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.radio.cz&rft.atitle=Cubist+architecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio.cz%2Fen%2Fstatic%2Finventors%2Fcubism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-czkubista-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-czkubista_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-czkubista_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-czkubista_84-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubista.cz/en/cubism/profiles.html#">"Czech Cubism"</a>. <i>www.kubista.cz</i>. Kubista. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151008123014/http://www.kubista.cz/en/cubism/profiles.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kubista.cz&rft.atitle=Czech+Cubism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kubista.cz%2Fen%2Fcubism%2Fprofiles.html%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRexroth" class="citation web cs1">Rexroth, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bopsecrets.org/rexroth/essays/reverdy.htm">"The Cubist Poetry of Pierre Reverdy (Rexroth)"</a>. Bopsecrets.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110519035242/http://www.bopsecrets.org/rexroth/essays/reverdy.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-05-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Cubist+Poetry+of+Pierre+Reverdy+%28Rexroth%29&rft.pub=Bopsecrets.org&rft.aulast=Rexroth&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bopsecrets.org%2Frexroth%2Fessays%2Freverdy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReverdy" class="citation web cs1">Reverdy, Pierre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110527200900/http://www.bloodaxebooks.com/titlepage.asp?isbn=1852241543">"Title Page > Pierre Reverdy: Selected Poems"</a>. Bloodaxe Books. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloodaxebooks.com/titlepage.asp?isbn=1852241543">the original</a> on 2011-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Title+Page+%3E+Pierre+Reverdy%3A+Selected+Poems&rft.pub=Bloodaxe+Books&rft.aulast=Reverdy&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloodaxebooks.com%2Ftitlepage.asp%3Fisbn%3D1852241543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070813070622/http://titan.iwu.edu/~wchapman/americanpoetryweb/stevthir.html">"Untitled Document"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://titan.iwu.edu/~wchapman/americanpoetryweb/stevthir.html">the original</a> on 2007-08-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Untitled+Document&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftitan.iwu.edu%2F~wchapman%2Famericanpoetryweb%2Fstevthir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramer1973" class="citation news cs1">Kramer, Hilton (March 24, 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1973/03/24/archives/picassos-cubist-images-still-dominate-parade.html">"Picasso's Cubist Images Still Dominate 'Parade'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Picasso%27s+Cubist+Images+Still+Dominate+%27Parade%27&rft.date=1973-03-24&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Hilton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1973%2F03%2F24%2Farchives%2Fpicassos-cubist-images-still-dominate-parade.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Souza" class="citation web cs1">de Souza, Isabella. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myartbroker.com/artist-pablo-picasso/articles/picasso-foray-into-ballet">"Setting the Stage: Pablo Picasso's Foray Into Ballet"</a>. <i>Myartbroker.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Myartbroker.com&rft.atitle=Setting+the+Stage%3A+Pablo+Picasso%27s+Foray+Into+Ballet&rft.aulast=de+Souza&rft.aufirst=Isabella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myartbroker.com%2Fartist-pablo-picasso%2Farticles%2Fpicasso-foray-into-ballet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnknown" class="citation web cs1">Unknown. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guggenheim-bilbao.eus/en/exhibition/los-ballets">"The Ballets"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ballets&rft.au=Unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guggenheim-bilbao.eus%2Fen%2Fexhibition%2Flos-ballets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilliard2014" class="citation web cs1">Milliard, Coline (June 13, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artnet.com/art-world/is-braque-finally-coming-out-of-picassos-shadow-38488">"Is Braque Finally Coming Out of Picasso's Shadow?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+Braque+Finally+Coming+Out+of+Picasso%27s+Shadow%3F&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft.aulast=Milliard&rft.aufirst=Coline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.artnet.com%2Fart-world%2Fis-braque-finally-coming-out-of-picassos-shadow-38488&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/juan-gris">"Juan Gris"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Juan+Gris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guggenheim.org%2Fartwork%2Fartist%2Fjuan-gris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLesso2021" class="citation web cs1">Lesso, Rosie (July 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.fabrics-store.com/2021/07/11/sumptuous-indulgence-diaghilev-and-juan-gris/">"Sumptuous Indulgence: Diaghilev and Juan Gris"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sumptuous+Indulgence%3A+Diaghilev+and+Juan+Gris&rft.date=2021-07-11&rft.aulast=Lesso&rft.aufirst=Rosie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.fabrics-store.com%2F2021%2F07%2F11%2Fsumptuous-indulgence-diaghilev-and-juan-gris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heller, S., & Fili, L. (1994). <i>Dutch Moderne: Graphic Design from De Stijl to Deco</i>. Chronicle Books. p. 104. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0811803031" title="Special:BookSources/0811803031">0811803031</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heller, S., & Fili, L. (1998). <i>British Modern: Graphic Design Between the Wars</i>. Chronicle Books. p. 18. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0811813118" title="Special:BookSources/0811813118">0811813118</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin, R., & Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). (1998). <i>Cubism and Fashion</i>. Metropolitan Museum of Art: Distributed by H.N. Abrams. pp. 15–17, 42, 47. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870998881" title="Special:BookSources/9780870998881">9780870998881</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berger, John. (1965). The Success and Failure of Picasso. Penguin Books, Ltd. p. 73. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-73725-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-73725-4">978-0-679-73725-4</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alfred H. Barr, Jr., <i>Cubism and Abstract Art,</i> New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1936.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCauman2001" class="citation book cs1">Cauman, John (2001). <i>Inheriting Cubism: The Impact of Cubism on American Art, 1909–1936</i>. New York: Hollis Taggart Galleries. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9705723-4-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9705723-4-4"><bdi>0-9705723-4-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inheriting+Cubism%3A+The+Impact+of+Cubism+on+American+Art%2C+1909%E2%80%931936&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hollis+Taggart+Galleries&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-9705723-4-4&rft.aulast=Cauman&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper1970" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Douglas (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cubistepoch00coop"><i>The Cubist Epoch</i></a>. London: Phaidon in association with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art & the Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87587-041-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87587-041-4"><bdi>0-87587-041-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cubist+Epoch&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phaidon+in+association+with+the+Los+Angeles+County+Museum+of+Art+%26+the+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-87587-041-4&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcubistepoch00coop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Paolo Vincenzo Genovese, <i>Cubismo in architettura</i>, Mancosu Editore, Roma, 2010. In Italian.</li> <li>John Golding, <i>Cubism: A History and an Analysis, 1907-1914,</i> New York: Wittenborn, 1959.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(art_historian)" title="John Richardson (art historian)">Richardson, John</a>. <i>A Life Of Picasso, The Cubist Rebel 1907–1916.</i> New York: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-26665-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-26665-1">978-0-307-26665-1</a></li> <li>Mark Antliff and Patricia Leighten, <i>A Cubism Reader, Documents and Criticism, 1906–1914</i>, The University of Chicago Press, 2008</li> <li>Christopher Green, <i>Cubism and its Enemies, Modern Movements and Reaction in French Art, 1916–28</i>, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1987</li> <li>Mikhail Lifshitz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207005321/http://www.brill.com/products/book/crisis-ugliness-cubism-pop-art"><i>The Crisis of Ugliness: From Cubism to Pop-Art</i></a>. Translated and with an Introduction by David Riff. Leiden: BRILL, 2018 (originally published in Russian by Iskusstvo, 1968)</li> <li>Daniel Robbins, <i>Sources of Cubism and Futurism</i>, Art Journal, Vol. 41, No. 4, (Winter 1981)</li> <li>Cécile Debray, Françoise Lucbert, <i>La Section d'or, 1912-1920-1925</i>, Musées de Châteauroux, Musée Fabre, exhibition catalogue, Éditions Cercle d'art, Paris, 2000</li> <li>Ian Johnston, <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Preliminary_Notes_on_Cubist_Architecture_in_Prague" class="extiw" title="s:Preliminary Notes on Cubist Architecture in Prague">Preliminary Notes on Cubist Architecture in Prague</a></i>, 2004</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Lauder Research Center for Modern Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/675687">Elizabeth Carlson, <i>Cubist Fashion: Mainstreaming Modernism after the Armory</i></a>, Winterthur Portfolio, Vol. 48, No. 1 (Spring 2014), pp. 1–28. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F675687">10.1086/675687</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Cubism" title="Template:Cubism"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cubism" title="Template talk:Cubism"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cubism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cubism"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cubism92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cubism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:Silver; color:black;;width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:Silver; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Section_d%27Or" title="Section d'Or">Section d'Or</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipenko" title="Alexander Archipenko">Alexander Archipenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Blanchard" title="María Blanchard">María Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Constantin Brâncuși</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Sonia Delaunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dumont_(painter)" title="Pierre Dumont (painter)">Pierre Dumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandra_Ekster" title="Aleksandra Ekster">Alexandra Exter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_La_Fresnaye" title="Roger de La Fresnaye">Roger de La Fresnaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova" title="Natalia Goncharova">Natalia Goncharova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Hayden" title="Henri Hayden">Henri Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Herbin" title="Auguste Herbin">Auguste Herbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Kupka" title="František Kupka">František Kupka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lambert-Rucki" title="Jean Lambert-Rucki">Jean Lambert-Rucki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Laurencin" title="Marie Laurencin">Marie Laurencin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Laurens" title="Henri Laurens">Henri Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lipchitz" title="Jacques Lipchitz">Jacques Lipchitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lhote" title="André Lhote">André Lhote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Marchand_(painter)" title="Jean Marchand (painter)">Jean Marchand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Marcoussis" title="Louis Marcoussis">Louis Marcoussis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ribemont-Dessaignes" title="Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes">Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Rij-Rousseau" title="Jeanne Rij-Rousseau">Jeanne Rij-Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gino_Severini" title="Gino Severini">Gino Severini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_Survage" title="Léopold Survage">Léopold Survage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobeen" title="Tobeen">Tobeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Valensi" title="Henry Valensi">Henry Valensi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Valmier" title="Georges Valmier">Georges Valmier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:Silver; color:black;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Balla" title="Giacomo Balla">Giacomo Balla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bailly" title="Alice Bailly">Alice Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry_Bruce" title="Patrick Henry Bruce">Patrick Henry Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Carr%C3%A0" title="Carlo Carrà">Carlo Carrà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Paul Klee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyonel_Feininger" title="Lyonel Feininger">Lyonel Feininger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Lissitzky" title="El Lissitzky">El Lissitzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton_Macdonald-Wright" title="Stanton Macdonald-Wright">Stanton Macdonald-Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Macke" title="August Macke">August Macke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Kazimir Malevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Franz Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyubov_Popova" title="Lyubov Popova">Lyubov Popova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Russell" title="Morgan Russell">Morgan Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rodchenko" title="Alexander Rodchenko">Alexander Rodchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_Udaltsova" title="Nadezhda Udaltsova">Nadezhda Udaltsova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Vassilieff" title="Marie Vassilieff">Marie Vassilieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Vorobieff" title="Marie Vorobieff">Marie Vorobieff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:Silver; color:black;;width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i> (Picasso)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Ambroise_Vollard_(Picasso)" title="Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (Picasso)">Portrait of Ambroise Vollard</a></i> (Picasso)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daniel-Henry_Kahnweiler_(Picasso)" title="Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (Picasso)">Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler</a></i> (Picasso)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Accordionist" title="The Accordionist">The Accordionist</a></i> (Picasso)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_pigeon_aux_petits_pois" title="Le pigeon aux petits pois">Le pigeon aux petits pois</a></i> (Picasso)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Coiffeuse" title="La Coiffeuse">La Coiffeuse</a></i> (Picasso)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_go%C3%BBter" class="mw-redirect" title="Le goûter">Le goûter</a></i> (Metzinger)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Femme_au_Cheval" class="mw-redirect" title="La Femme au Cheval">La Femme au Cheval</a></i> (Metzinger)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dancer_in_a_Caf%C3%A9" title="Dancer in a Café">Dancer in a café</a></i> (Metzinger)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Oiseau_bleu_(Metzinger)" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Oiseau bleu (Metzinger)">L'Oiseau bleu</a></i> (Metzinger)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Femme_aux_Phlox" class="mw-redirect" title="La Femme aux Phlox">La Femme aux Phlox</a></i> (Gleizes)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Jacques_Nayral" title="Portrait of Jacques Nayral">Portrait of Jacques Nayral</a></i> (Gleizes)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_on_a_Balcony" title="Man on a Balcony">Man on a Balcony</a></i> (Gleizes)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Baigneuses_(Gleizes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Baigneuses (Gleizes)">Les Baigneuses</a></i> (Gleizes)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Joueurs_de_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Joueurs de football">Les Joueurs de football</a></i> (Gleizes)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a></i> (Duchamp)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cathedral_(Katedr%C3%A1la)" title="The Cathedral (Katedrála)">The Cathedral (Katedrála)</a></i> (Kupka)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_City_(L%C3%A9ger)" title="The City (Léger)">The City</a></i> (Léger)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Life_with_Candlestick" title="Still Life with Candlestick">Still Life with Candlestick</a></i> (Léger)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Life_with_Checked_Tablecloth" title="Still Life with Checked Tablecloth">Still Life with Checked Tablecloth</a></i> (Gris)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Musicians_(Picasso)" title="Three Musicians (Picasso)">Three Musicians</a></i> (Picasso)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:Silver; color:black;;width:1%">Sculptures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Groupe_de_femmes" title="Groupe de femmes">Groupe de femmes</a></i> (Csaky)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danseuse_(Csaky)" title="Danseuse (Csaky)">Danseuse</a></i> (Csaky)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Head_(Csaky)" title="Head (Csaky)">Head</a></i> (Csaky)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:Silver; color:black;;width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Paul Signac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Princet" title="Maurice Princet">Maurice Princet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esprit_Jouffret" title="Esprit Jouffret">Esprit Jouffret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">Pointillism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism (arts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronophotography" title="Chronophotography">Chronophotography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:Silver; color:black;;width:1%">Influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Section_d%27Or" title="Section d'Or">Section d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubist_sculpture" title="Cubist sculpture">Cubist sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Cubism" title="Czech Cubism">Czech Cubism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rondocubism" title="Rondocubism">Rondocubism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubism" title="Tubism">Tubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cubism" title="Crystal Cubism">Crystal Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Futurism" title="Russian Futurism">Russian Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ego-Futurism" title="Ego-Futurism">Ego-Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:Silver; color:black;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Du_%22Cubisme%22" title="Du "Cubisme"">Du "Cubisme"</a></i> (1912 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cubist_Painters,_Aesthetic_Meditations" title="The Cubist Painters, Aesthetic Meditations">The Cubist Painters, Aesthetic Meditations</a></i> (1913 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Maison_Cubiste" title="La Maison Cubiste">La Maison Cubiste</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:Silver; color:black;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Vauxcelles" title="Louis Vauxcelles">Louis Vauxcelles</a> (critic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Guillaume Apollinaire</a> (poet, critic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Salmon" title="André Salmon">André Salmon</a> (critic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Max Jacob</a> (poet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Raynal" title="Maurice Raynal">Maurice Raynal</a> (poet, critic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel-Henry_Kahnweiler" title="Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler">Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler</a> (art dealer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9once_Rosenberg" title="Léonce Rosenberg">Léonce Rosenberg</a> (art dealer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rosenberg_(art_dealer)" title="Paul Rosenberg (art dealer)">Paul Rosenberg (art dealer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Robbins_(art_historian)" title="Daniel Robbins (art historian)">Daniel Robbins (art historian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein</a> (art collector)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthe_Weill" title="Berthe Weill">Berthe Weill</a> (art dealer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Uhde" title="Wilhelm Uhde">Wilhelm Uhde</a> (art collector)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quinn_(collector)" title="John Quinn (collector)">John Quinn (collector)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Lauder" title="Leonard Lauder">Leonard Lauder</a> (art collector)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Cooper_(art_historian)" title="Douglas Cooper (art historian)">Douglas Cooper (art historian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Jerome_Eddy" title="Arthur Jerome Eddy">Arthur Jerome Eddy</a> (art collector)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Reverdy" title="Pierre Reverdy">Pierre Reverdy</a> (poet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Blaise Cendrars</a> (poet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art" title="Fourth dimension in art">Fourth dimension in art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modernism414" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism" title="Template talk:Modernism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modernism414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_School" title="Ashcan School">Ashcan School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cubism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Music</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts" title="The arts">Literary arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Apollinaire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djuna_Barnes" title="Djuna Barnes">Barnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Bely" title="Andrei Bely">Bely</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">Breton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Broch" title="Hermann Broch">Broch</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Bulgakov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Conrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Döblin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">Forster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Flaubert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Madox_Ford" title="Ford Madox Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek" title="Jaroslav Hašek">Hašek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Kafka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Koestler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield" title="Katherine Mansfield">Mansfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Musil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">Dos Passos</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Platonov" title="Andrei Platonov">Platonov</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italo_Svevo" title="Italo Svevo">Svevo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno" title="Miguel de Unamuno">Unamuno</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Woolf</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">Poetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova" title="Anna Akhmatova">Akhmatova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Aldington" title="Richard Aldington">Aldington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">Auden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_P._Cavafy" title="Constantine P. Cavafy">Cavafy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Cendrars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hart_Crane" title="Hart Crane">Crane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H.D." title="H.D.">H.D.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Desnos" title="Robert Desnos">Desnos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Éluard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">George</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Jacob</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Lorca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Lowell" title="Amy Lowell">Lowell (Amy)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Lowell (Robert)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Mallarmé</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Moore" title="Marianne Moore">Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Owen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Pessoa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rilke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Seferis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Stevens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tzara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry" title="Paul Valéry">Valéry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">Yeats</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time" title="In Search of Lost Time">In Search of Lost Time</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913–1927)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Metamorphosis" title="The Metamorphosis">The Metamorphosis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain" title="The Magic Mountain">The Magic Mountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Also_Rises" title="The Sun Also Rises">The Sun Also Rises</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928–1940)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Painting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Albers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Arp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Balthus" title="Balthus">Balthus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">Bellows</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Boccioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Bonnard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Brâncuși</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Braque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Calder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Cassatt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Chagall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Chirico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Claudel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Dalí</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Degas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Kooning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Demuth" title="Charles Demuth">Demuth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Dix</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Doesburg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Duchamp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Dufy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">Ensor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Gauguin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Giacometti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova" title="Natalia Goncharova">Goncharova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Gris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">Grosz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Höch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Hopper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Kahlo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Kandinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Kirchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka" title="Oskar Kokoschka">Kokoschka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Léger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">Magritte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Malevich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Manet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Marc</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Metzinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Miró</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Modigliani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Mondrian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Munch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Nolde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">O'Keeffe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Picabia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Pissarro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Ray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Redon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Rodin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Rousseau" title="Henri Rousseau">Rousseau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Schiele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Seurat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Signac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Sisley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Soutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaim Soutine">Soutine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Steichen" title="Edward Steichen">Steichen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Stieglitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Van Gogh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Vuillard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Akerman" title="Chantal Akerman">Akerman</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aldrich" title="Robert Aldrich">Aldrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Antonioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tex_Avery" title="Tex Avery">Avery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Bergman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Bresson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Buñuel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Carné</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">Cassavetes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">Clair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Cocteau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Dassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Deren" title="Maya Deren">Deren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dovzhenko" title="Alexander Dovzhenko">Dovzhenko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Dreyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Edwards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Epstein" title="Jean Epstein">Epstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Fassbinder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty" title="Robert J. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fuller" title="Samuel Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Gance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Godard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hubley" title="John Hubley">Hubley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Keaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Kubrick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Kuleshov" title="Lev Kuleshov">Kuleshov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Kurosawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Lang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Losey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Lupino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Marker" title="Chris Marker">Marker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Minnelli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">Murnau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yasujir%C5%8D_Ozu" title="Yasujirō Ozu">Ozu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G._W._Pabst" title="G. W. Pabst">Pabst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin" title="Vsevolod Pudovkin">Pudovkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Ray (Nicholas)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Ray (Satyajit)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Resnais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Rossellini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk">Sirk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sj%C3%B6str%C3%B6m" title="Victor Sjöström">Sjöström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Sternberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Tarkovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tati" title="Jacques Tati">Tati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Trnka" title="Jiří Trnka">Trnka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">Truffaut</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Varda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dziga_Vertov" title="Dziga Vertov">Vertov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Vigo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Welles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wiene" title="Robert Wiene">Wiene</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Breuer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bunshaft" title="Gordon Bunshaft">Bunshaft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Gaudí</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Gropius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Guimard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta">Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Hundertwasser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Kahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Loos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Melnikov" title="Konstantin Melnikov">Melnikov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Mendelsohn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi" title="Pier Luigi Nervi">Nervi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neutra" title="Richard Neutra">Neutra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Rietveld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Saarinen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Sullivan" title="Louis Sullivan">Sullivan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin" title="Vladimir Tatlin">Tatlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Mies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Wright</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte" title="A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte">A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1886)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mont_Sainte-Victoire_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="Mont Sainte-Victoire (Cézanne)">Mont Sainte-Victoir</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1887)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Night" title="The Starry Night">The Starry Night</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1889)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1907)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_(Matisse)" title="Dance (Matisse)">The Dance</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909–1910)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Square" title="Black Square">Black Square</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari" title="The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari">The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ballet_M%C3%A9canique" title="Ballet Mécanique">Ballet Mécanique</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou" title="Un Chien Andalou">Un Chien Andalou</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Villa_Savoye" title="Villa Savoye">Villa Savoye</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fallingwater" title="Fallingwater">Fallingwater</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1936)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Meshes_of_the_Afternoon" title="Meshes of the Afternoon">Meshes of the Afternoon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing<br />arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">Antheil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Berio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Boulanger" title="Nadia Boulanger">Boulanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Boulez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Copland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Debussy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Dutilleux" title="Henri Dutilleux">Dutilleux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Falla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morton_Feldman" title="Morton Feldman">Feldman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henryk_G%C3%B3recki" title="Henryk Górecki">Górecki</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Hindemith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Honegger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Janáček</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">Ligeti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Lutosławski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Nono</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Partch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Russolo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Satie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Stockhausen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Szymanowski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Varèse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Villa-Lobos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Weill</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_theatre" title="Modernist theatre">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Anouilh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Artaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Brecht</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Jarry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Kaiser" title="Georg Kaiser">Kaiser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Mayakovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey" title="Seán O'Casey">O'Casey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O'Neill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">Osborne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Piscator" title="Erwin Piscator">Piscator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">Strindberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Toller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wedekind" title="Frank Wedekind">Wedekind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Wilder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz" title="Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz">Witkiewicz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">Balanchine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Cunningham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Diaghilev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Duncan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Fokine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Loie_Fuller" title="Loie Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanya_Holm" title="Hanya Holm">Holm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Laban">Laban</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine" title="Léonide Massine">Massine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Nijinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Shawn" title="Ted Shawn">Shawn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sokolow" title="Anna Sokolow">Sokolow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis" title="Ruth St. Denis">St. Denis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Tamiris" title="Helen Tamiris">Tamiris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grete_Wiesenthal" title="Grete Wiesenthal">Wiesenthal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wigman" title="Mary Wigman">Wigman</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(Strauss)" title="Don Juan (Strauss)">Don Juan</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1888)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ubu_Roi" title="Ubu Roi">Ubu Roi</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1896)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Verkl%C3%A4rte_Nacht" title="Verklärte Nacht">Verklärte Nacht</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1899)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Pell%C3%A9as_et_M%C3%A9lisande_(opera)" title="Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)">Pelléas et Mélisande</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1902)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Nijinsky)" title="Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky)">Afternoon of a Faun</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Characters_in_Search_of_an_Author" title="Six Characters in Search of an Author">Six Characters in Search of an Author</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_modernism" title="American modernism">American modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">Degenerate art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art" title="Fourth dimension in art">Fourth dimension in art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_literature" title="Fourth dimension in literature">Fourth dimension in literature</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor School of Modern Art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanshinkan_Modernism" title="Hanshinkan Modernism">Hanshinkan Modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/High_modernism" title="High modernism">High modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Hippie modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">Literature</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Style" title="International Style">International Style</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Late_modernity" title="Late modernity">Late modernity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_avant-garde_artists" title="List of avant-garde artists">List of avant-garde artists</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_modernist_poets" title="List of modernist poets">List of modernist poets</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maximalism" title="Maximalism">Maximalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neo-primitivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-primitivism">Neo-primitivism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Metamodernism" title="Metamodernism">Metamodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Remodernism" title="Remodernism">Remodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar modernism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:absolute;">← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism">Romanticism</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Postmodernism" title="Template:Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></b> →</div> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Modernism" title="Category:Modernism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Avant-garde_movements116" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Avant-garde" title="Template:Avant-garde"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Avant-garde" title="Template talk:Avant-garde"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Avant-garde" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Avant-garde"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Avant-garde_movements116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a> movements</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visual art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Grosvenor School">Grosvenor School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dev%C4%9Btsil" title="Devětsil">Devětsil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Color Field">Color Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical Abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_art" title="Mail art">Mail art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidimensional_art" title="Multidimensional art">Multidimensional art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Nonconformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary art">Temporary art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature<br />and poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angry_Penguins" title="Angry Penguins">Angry Penguins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_writing" title="Conceptual writing">Conceptual poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ego-Futurism" title="Ego-Futurism">Ego-Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_literature" title="Experimental literature">Experimental literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flarf_poetry" title="Flarf poetry">Flarf poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungry_generation" title="Hungry generation">Hungry generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginism" title="Imaginism">Imaginism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_poets" title="Language poets">Language poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoavanguardia" title="Neoavanguardia">Neoavanguardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoteric" title="Neoteric">Neoteric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_roman" title="Nouveau roman">Nouveau roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberiu" title="Oberiu">Oberiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oulipo" title="Oulipo">Oulipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slam_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Slam poetry">Slam poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraist_movement" title="Ultraist movement">Ultraísmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_poetry" title="Visual poetry">Visual poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaum" title="Zaum">Zaum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-funk" title="Avant-funk">Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz" title="Avant-garde jazz">Jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_funk" title="Free funk">Free funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yass_(music)" title="Yass (music)">Yass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">Prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-punk" title="Avant-punk">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">Metal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleatoric_music" title="Aleatoric music">Aleatoric music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">Ars nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">Ars subtilior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atonality" title="Atonality">Atonal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroacoustic_music" title="Electroacoustic music">Electroacoustic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">Free jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_improvisation" title="Free improvisation">Free improvisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(music)" title="Futurism (music)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtonal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtonal music">Microtonal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_music" title="Minimal music">Minimal music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drone_music" title="Drone music">Drone music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_theatre" title="Music theatre">Music theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">Musique concrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Complexity" title="New Complexity">New Complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_wave" title="No wave">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition">Rock in Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">Serialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_music" title="Spectral music">Spectral music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stochastic#Music" title="Stochastic">Stochastic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_mass" title="Sound mass">Textural music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalism" title="Totalism">Totalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinema<br />and theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_Art" title="Drop Art">Drop Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_theatre" title="Epic theatre">Epic theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_theatre" title="Experimental theatre">Experimental theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postdramatic_theatre" title="Postdramatic theatre">Postdramatic theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Absurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of the Absurd">Theatre of the Absurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Cruelty" title="Theatre of Cruelty">Theatre of Cruelty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Futurism" title="Russian Futurism">Russian Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism" title="Minimalism">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-minimalism" title="Neo-minimalism">Neo-minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoism" title="Neoism">Neoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism" title="Russian symbolism">Russian symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements454" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_art_movements" title="Template:Western art movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_art_movements" title="Template talk:Western art movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_art_movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western art movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements454" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Premodern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a> art movements</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a>/<a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">periods</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Premodern<br />(Western)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_art" title="Ancient art">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_treasure" title="Thracian treasure">Thracian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_art" title="Dacian art">Dacian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization#Culture" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_art" title="Aegean art">Aegean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyan_ware" title="Minyan ware">Minyan ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Art_and_pottery" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Mycenaean_pottery" title="Sub-Mycenaean pottery">Sub-Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protogeometric_style" title="Protogeometric style">Protogeometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">Geometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalizing_period" title="Orientalizing period">Orientalizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Greek art">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">Black-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_style" title="Severe style">Severe style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art#Classical" title="Ancient Greek art">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_style" title="Kerch style">Kerch style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art#"Baroque"" title="Hellenistic art">"Baroque"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_art" title="Indo-Greek art">Indo-Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Attic" title="Neo-Attic">Neo-Attic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian art">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_sculpture" title="Iberian sculpture">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls#Art" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republican_art" title="Roman Republican art">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman art">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustan_and_Julio-Claudian_art" title="Augustan and Julio-Claudian art">Julio-Claudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeian_Styles" title="Pompeian Styles">Pompeian Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajanic_art" title="Trajanic art">Trajanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severan_art" title="Severan art">Severan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Antique_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antique art">Late antique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_art_and_architecture" title="Early Christian art and architecture">Early Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_art" title="Coptic art">Coptic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Ethiopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Migration Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_art" title="Hunnic art">Hunnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards#Art" title="Lombards">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_art_and_architecture" title="Visigothic art and architecture">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_portrait" title="Donor portrait">Donor portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picts#Art" title="Picts">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_art_and_architecture" title="Mozarabic art and architecture">Mozarabic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Repoblaci%C3%B3n_art_and_architecture" title="Repoblación art and architecture">Repoblación</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeologan_Renaissance#Art_and_architecture" title="Palaeologan Renaissance">Palaeologan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Byzantine" title="Italo-Byzantine">Italo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks#Art_and_architecture" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_art_and_architecture" title="Merovingian art and architecture">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_art" title="Ottonian art">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosan_art" title="Mosan art">Mosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Romanesque" title="Spanish Romanesque">Spanish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans#Visual_arts" title="Normans">Norman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman%E2%80%93Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_culture" title="Norman–Arab–Byzantine culture">Norman-Sicilian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opus_Anglicanum" title="Opus Anglicanum">Opus Anglicanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art_in_Milan" title="Gothic art in Milan">Gothic art in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">International Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic_art_in_Italy" title="International Gothic art in Italy">International Gothic art in Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_school" title="Lucchese school">Lucchese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Crusades" title="Art of the Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_school" title="Moscow school">Moscow school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_school" title="Novgorod school">Novgorod school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sienese_school" title="Sienese school">Sienese school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_art" title="Mudéjar art">Mudéjar</a></li> <li>Medieval <a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Medieval_Europe" title="History of cartography">cartography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Italian_cartography_and_the_birth_of_portolan_charts" title="History of cartography">Italian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorcan_cartographic_school" title="Majorcan cartographic school">Majorcan school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mappa_mundi" title="Mappa mundi">Mappa mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Renaissance">Proto-Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_painting" title="Florentine painting">Florentine school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittura_infamante" title="Pittura infamante">Pittura infamante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Ferrara" title="School of Ferrara">Ferrarese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forlivese_school_of_art" title="Forlivese school of art">Forlivese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_painting" title="Venetian painting">Venetian school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_school" title="Bolognese school">Bolognese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Maniera" title="Counter-Maniera">Counter-<i>Maniera</i></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_landscape" title="World landscape">World landscape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent%E2%80%93Bruges_school" title="Ghent–Bruges school">Ghent–Bruges school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Renaissance" title="German Renaissance">German Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_school_of_painting" title="Cologne school of painting">Cologne school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_school" title="Danube school">Danube school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_and_Flemish_Renaissance_painting" title="Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting">Dutch and Flemish Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Mannerism" title="Antwerp Mannerism">Antwerp Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanism_(painting)" title="Romanism (painting)">Romanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">Still life</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance#Visual_arts" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists_of_the_Tudor_court" title="Artists of the Tudor court">Tudor court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquerie" title="Turquerie">Turquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Fontainebleau" title="School of Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_late_16th_century_in_Milan" title="Art of the late 16th century in Milan">Art of the late 16th century in Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_in_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque in Milan">Baroque in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque_painting" title="Flemish Baroque painting">Flemish Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravaggisti" title="Caravaggisti">Caravaggisti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Caravaggism" title="Utrecht Caravaggism">in Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrism" title="Tenebrism">Tenebrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_style" title="Louis XIII style">Louis XIII style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran baroque">Lutheran Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroganov_school" title="Stroganov school">Stroganov school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_painter" title="Animal painter">Animal painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_of_Romanists" title="Guild of Romanists">Guild of Romanists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delft_school_(painting)" title="Delft school (painting)">Delft school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(art)" title="Capriccio (art)">Capriccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_school_(painting)" title="Ionian school (painting)">Heptanese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism#In_the_fine_arts" title="Classicism">Classicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_style" title="Louis XIV style">Louis XIV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poussinists_and_Rubenists" title="Poussinists and Rubenists">Poussinists and Rubenists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocaille" title="Rocaille">Rocaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_style" title="Louis XV style">Louis XV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederician_Rococo" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederician Rococo">Frederician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">Chinoiserie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_galante" title="Fête galante">Fête galante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%BBt_grec" title="Goût grec">Goût grec</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directoire_style" title="Directoire style">Directoire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture_in_Milan" title="Neoclassical architecture in Milan">Neoclassical architecture in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Colonial art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Art of the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_art" title="Caribbean art">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Haitian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Colonial Asian art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letras_y_figuras" title="Letras y figuras">Letras y figuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipos_del_Pa%C3%ADs" title="Tipos del País">Tipos del País</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Asia" title="Baroque">Colonial Asian Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_style" title="Company style">Company style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Latin American art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Casta painting">Casta painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_school_of_religious_imagery" title="Chilote school of religious imagery">Chilote school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuzco_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco school">Cuzco school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_school" title="Quito school">Quito school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Americas" title="Baroque">Latin American Baroque</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Art borrowing<br />Western elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus#Art_and_architecture" title="Al-Andalus">Moorish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_art" title="Manichaean art">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal art">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_art" title="Qajar art">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_handicrafts" title="Qing handicrafts">Qing handicrafts</a></li> <li>Western influence in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akita_ranga" title="Akita ranga">Akita ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uki-e" title="Uki-e">Uki-e</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art#Western_art_after_1770" title="History of art">Transition<br />to modern</a><br />(c. 1770 – 1862)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Fairy painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Danish Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Shoreham Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf school of painting">Düsseldorf school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(American_art_style)" title="Luminism (American art style)">American luminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalism#Orientalist_art" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_school_of_painters" title="Norwich school of painters">Norwich school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbizon school">Barbizon school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verismo_(painting)" title="Verismo (painting)">Verismo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macchiaioli" title="Macchiaioli">Macchiaioli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">Academic art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_school" title="Munich school">Munich school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_academic_art_of_the_19th_century" title="Greek academic art of the 19th century">in Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Grec#Painting" title="Neo-Grec">Neo-Grec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etching_revival" title="Etching revival">Etching revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a><br />(1863–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1863–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism#Arts" title="Romantic nationalism">National romanticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dga" title="Yōga">Yōga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihonga" title="Nihonga">Nihonga</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japonisme" title="Japonisme">Japonisme</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_style" title="Anglo-Japanese style">Anglo-Japanese style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuron_school" title="Beuron school">Beuron school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague school">Hague school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredvizhniki" title="Peredvizhniki">Peredvizhniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Group" title="Hoosier Group">Hoosier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_school_(painting)" title="Boston school (painting)">Boston school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidelberg school">Heidelberg school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pottery" title="Art pottery">Art pottery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbolist_movement_in_Romania" title="Symbolist movement in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism#Visual_arts" title="Russian symbolism">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_school" title="Volcano school">Volcano school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(Impressionism)" title="Luminism (Impressionism)">Luminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">Pointillism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Aven_School" title="Pont-Aven School">Pont-Aven School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloisonnism" title="Cloisonnism">Cloisonnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetism" title="Synthetism">Synthetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="American Barbizon school">American Barbizon school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_tonalism" class="mw-redirect" title="California tonalism">California tonalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo#Visual_costumbrismo_in_the_Americas" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1900–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Milan" title="Art Nouveau in Milan">Art Nouveau in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_(art)" title="Secession (art)">Secessionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Secession" title="Munich Secession">Munich Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Secession" title="Berlin Secession">Berlin Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_westdeutscher_Kunstfreunde_und_K%C3%BCnstler" title="Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler">Sonderbund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">Ten American Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="American Realism">American Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashcan school">Ashcan school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cubism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_(painters)" title="The Eight (painters)">A Nyolcak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_K%C3%BCnstlervereinigung_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Neue Künstlervereinigung München">Neue Künstlervereinigung München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_painting" title="Metaphysical painting">Metaphysical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivism_(art)" title="Productivism (art)">Productivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1915–1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosaku-hanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosaku-hanga">Sosaku-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cubism" title="Crystal Cubism">Crystal Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Constructivist_movement" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Constructivism" title="Universal Constructivism">Universal Constructivism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin-hanga" title="Shin-hanga">Shin-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_order" title="Return to order">Return to order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novecento_Italiano" title="Novecento Italiano">Novecento Italiano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_Constructivism" title="Figurative Constructivism">Figurative Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stupid_(art_movement)" title="Stupid (art movement)">Stupid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Progressives" title="Cologne Progressives">Cologne Progressives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeitsrat_f%C3%BCr_Kunst" title="Arbeitsrat für Kunst">Arbeitsrat für Kunst</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_Group_(German)" title="November Group (German)">November Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_tonalism" title="Australian tonalism">Australian tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Secession" title="Dresden Secession">Dresden Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_Antrop%C3%B3fago" title="Manifesto Antropófago">Anthropophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingei" title="Mingei">Mingei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven_(artists)" title="Group of Seven (artists)">Group of Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Surrealism_in_Iran" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Surrealism" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Fauvism" title="Neo-Fauvism">Neo-Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisionism" title="Precisionism">Precisionism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeropittura" title="Aeropittura">Aeropittura</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Revolutionary_Visual_Artists" title="Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists">Asso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Romana" title="Scuola Romana">Scuola Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercle_et_Carr%C3%A9" title="Cercle et Carré">Cercle et Carré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Group_(New_Zealand_art)" title="The Group (New Zealand art)">The Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapists" title="Kapists">Kapists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">Regionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Scene_Painting" title="California Scene Painting">California Scene Painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Nazi art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_art" title="Concrete art">Concrete art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstraction-Cr%C3%A9ation" title="Abstraction-Création">Abstraction-Création</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiki_culture" title="Tiki culture">Tiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_(Expressionists)" title="The Ten (Expressionists)">The Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art#Dimensionist_manifesto" title="Fourth dimension in art">Dimensionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Expressionism" title="Boston Expressionism">Boston Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_School_of_Painting" title="Leningrad School of Painting">Leningrad school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern</a><br />(1945–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1945–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Typographic_Style" title="International Typographic Style">International Typographic Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Color_School" title="Washington Color School">Washington Color School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_art" title="Visionary art">Visionary art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_School_of_Fantastic_Realism" title="Vienna School of Fantastic Realism">Vienna School of Fantastic Realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_field" title="Color field">Color field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical abstraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachisme" title="Tachisme">Tachisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Informale" title="Arte Informale">Arte Informale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBRA_(art_movement)" title="COBRA (art movement)">COBRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuagisme" title="Nuagisme">Nuagisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Ruptura" title="Generación de la Ruptura">Generación de la Ruptura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jikken_K%C5%8Db%C5%8D" title="Jikken Kōbō">Jikken Kōbō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalf_Chateau" title="Metcalf Chateau">Metcalf Chateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono-ha" title="Mono-ha">Mono-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Style" title="Nanyang Style">Nanyang Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_painting" title="Action painting">Action painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Figurative_Expressionism" title="American Figurative Expressionism">American Figurative Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Figurative_Expressionism" title="New York Figurative Expressionism">in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_(art)#Visual_arts" title="New York School (art)">New York school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard-edge_painting" title="Hard-edge painting">Hard-edge painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Figurative_Movement" title="Bay Area Figurative Movement">Bay Area Figurative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Plasticiens" title="Les Plasticiens">Les Plasticiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutai_Art_Association" title="Gutai Art Association">Gutai Art Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai_Bijutsu_Kondankai" title="Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai">Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Soviet Nonconformist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_underground" title="Ukrainian underground">Ukrainian underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Lettrist" title="Ultra-Lettrist">Ultra-Lettrist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Highwaymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Highwaymen">Florida Highwaymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_art" title="Cybernetic art">Cybernetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodeans" title="Antipodeans">Antipodeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1960–1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otra_Figuraci%C3%B3n" title="Otra Figuración">Otra Figuración</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Presencia" title="Nueva Presencia">Nueva Presencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_(art)" title="Zero (art)">ZERO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada_Organizers" title="Neo-Dada Organizers">Neo-Dada Organizers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_tendance" title="Nouvelle tendance">Nouvelle tendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arts_Movement" title="Black Arts Movement">Black Arts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean_Artists_Movement" title="The Caribbean Artists Movement">The Caribbean Artists Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_art_movement" title="Chicano art movement">Chicano art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Land art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">Video art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-painterly_abstraction" title="Post-painterly abstraction">Post-painterly abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermedia" title="Intermedia">Intermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">Psychedelic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Art" title="Nut Art">Nut Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_critique" title="Institutional critique">Institutional critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_Space" title="Light and Space">Light and Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Feminist art movement in the United States">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Saqqakhaneh_movement" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Saqqakhaneh movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_Art_Group" title="The Stars Art Group">The Stars Art Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoru_no_Kai" title="Yoru no Kai">Yoru no Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1970–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-conceptual_art" title="Post-conceptual art">Post-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Artscene">Artscene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sots_Art" title="Sots Art">Sots Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conceptualists" title="Moscow Conceptualists">Moscow Conceptualists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_and_Decoration" title="Pattern and Decoration">Pattern and Decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliontanism" title="Pliontanism">Pliontanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_visual_art" title="Punk visual art">Punk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-expressionism" title="Neo-expressionism">Neo-expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transavantgarde" title="Transavantgarde">Transavantgarde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art#Saint_Soleil_School" title="Haitian art">Saint Soleil school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">Guerrilla art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowbrow_(art_movement)" title="Lowbrow (art movement)">Lowbrow art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telematic_art" title="Telematic art">Telematic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-conceptual_art" title="Neo-conceptual art">Neo-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_European_Painting" title="New European Painting">New European Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_collaborative_painting" title="Tunisian collaborative painting">Tunisian collaborative painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Group" title="Memphis Group">Memphis Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_video" title="Scratch video">Scratch video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_British_Artists" title="Young British Artists">Young British Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfiction" title="Superfiction">Superfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taring_Padi" title="Taring Padi">Taring Padi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Leipzig_School" title="New Leipzig School">New Leipzig school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">Artivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Designers_Republic" title="The Designers Republic">The Designers Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge#Graphic_design" title="Grunge">Grunge design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdadism" title="Verdadism">Verdadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Apartment_Art" title="Chinese Apartment Art">Chinese Apartment Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">2000–<br />present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_pop_art" title="Amazonian pop art">Amazonian pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altermodern" title="Altermodern">Altermodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_for_art" title="Art for art">Art for art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandalism" title="Brandalism">Brandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Realism" title="Classical Realism">Classical Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_African_art" title="Contemporary African art">Contemporary African art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Contemporary Indigenous Australian art">Contemporary Indigenous Australian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token#Digital_art" title="Non-fungible token">Crypto art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_art" title="Cyborg art">Cyborg art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excessivism" title="Excessivism">Excessivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictive_art" title="Fictive art">Fictive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_design" title="Flat design">Flat design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Memphis" title="Corporate Memphis">Corporate Memphis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(art)" title="Hypermodernism (art)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperrealism_(visual_arts)" title="Hyperrealism (visual arts)">Hyperrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idea_art" title="Idea art">Idea art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">Internet art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">Post-Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_art" title="IPhone art">iPhone art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch_movement" title="Kitsch movement">Kitsch movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightpainting" title="Lightpainting">Lightpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massurrealism" title="Massurrealism">Massurrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_European_ink_painting" title="Modern European ink painting">Modern European ink painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern#Artist_group" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosymbolism" title="Neosymbolism">Neosymbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionism" title="Passionism">Passionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-YBAs" title="Post-YBAs">Post-YBAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_art" title="Relational art">Relational art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeuomorph#In_design" title="Skeuomorph">Skeuomorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_art" title="Software art">Software art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuckism" title="Stuckism">Stuckism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SoFlo_Superflat" title="SoFlo Superflat">SoFlo Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstroke" title="Superstroke">Superstroke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyism" title="Toyism">Toyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilalianism" title="Unilalianism">Unilalianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Vaporwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Artists_Network" title="Walking Artists Network">Walking Artists Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Catholic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Fantastic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">Hierarchy of genres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">Genre painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">History painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Jewish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">Landscape painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_sculpture" title="Modern sculpture">Modern sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art#Europe" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric European art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_art" title="Queer art">Queer art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">Shock art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_movements" title="Category:Art movements">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pablo_Picasso195" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pablo_Picasso" title="Template:Pablo Picasso"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pablo_Picasso" title="Template talk:Pablo Picasso"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pablo_Picasso" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pablo Picasso"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pablo_Picasso195" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picasso%27s_Blue_Period" title="Picasso's Blue Period">Blue</a> (1901–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picasso%27s_Rose_Period" title="Picasso's Rose Period">Rose</a> (1904–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picasso%27s_African_Period" title="Picasso's African Period">African</a> (1907–1909)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cubism</a> (1910–1919)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1889%E2%80%931900" title="List of Picasso artworks 1889–1900">1889–1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1901%E2%80%931910" title="List of Picasso artworks 1901–1910">1901–1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1911%E2%80%931920" title="List of Picasso artworks 1911–1920">1911–1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1921%E2%80%931930" title="List of Picasso artworks 1921–1930">1921–1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1931%E2%80%931940" title="List of Picasso artworks 1931–1940">1931–1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1941%E2%80%931950" title="List of Picasso artworks 1941–1950">1941–1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1951%E2%80%931960" title="List of Picasso artworks 1951–1960">1951–1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1961%E2%80%931970" title="List of Picasso artworks 1961–1970">1961–1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1971%E2%80%931973" title="List of Picasso artworks 1971–1973">1971–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picasso%27s_written_works" title="Picasso's written works">Picasso's written works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_petit_picador_jaune" title="Le petit picador jaune">Le petit picador jaune</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Charity" title="Science and Charity">Science and Charity</a></i> (1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Moulin_de_la_Galette_(Picasso)" title="Le Moulin de la Galette (Picasso)">Le Moulin de la Galette</a></i> (1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Appointment_(Picasso)" title="The Appointment (Picasso)">The Appointment</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Child_with_a_Dove" title="Child with a Dove">Child with a Dove</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Gommeuse" title="La Gommeuse">La Gommeuse</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yo,_Picasso" title="Yo, Picasso">Yo, Picasso</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Jaime_Sabart%C3%A9s" title="Portrait of Jaime Sabartés">Portrait of Jaime Sabartés</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Room_(Picasso)" title="The Blue Room (Picasso)">The Blue Room</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Femme_aux_Bras_Crois%C3%A9s" title="Femme aux Bras Croisés">Femme aux Bras Croisés</a></i> (1901–1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Jewish_Man_with_a_Boy" title="Old Jewish Man with a Boy">Old Jewish Man with a Boy</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Guitarist" title="The Old Guitarist">The Old Guitarist</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Vie_(painting)" title="La Vie (painting)">La Vie</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Angel_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Soto" title="Portrait of Angel Fernández de Soto">Portrait of Angel Fernández de Soto</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Suzanne_Bloch" title="Portrait of Suzanne Bloch">Portrait of Suzanne Bloch</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Actor_(painting)" title="The Actor (painting)">The Actor</a></i> (1904–1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_Ironing" title="Woman Ironing">Woman Ironing</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_in_a_Chemise" title="Girl in a Chemise">Girl in a Chemise</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1905</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acrobat_and_Young_Harlequin" title="Acrobat and Young Harlequin">Acrobat and Young Harlequin</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Saltimbanques" title="Family of Saltimbanques">Family of Saltimbanques</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%A7on_%C3%A0_la_pipe" title="Garçon à la pipe">Garçon à la pipe</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_on_a_Ball" title="Girl on a Ball">Girl on a Ball</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Noces_de_Pierrette" title="Les Noces de Pierrette">Les Noces de Pierrette</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Au_Lapin_Agile" title="Au Lapin Agile">Au Lapin Agile</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Girl_with_a_Flower_Basket" title="Young Girl with a Flower Basket">Young Girl with a Flower Basket</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Famille_d%27acrobates_avec_singe" title="Famille d'acrobates avec singe">Famille d'acrobates avec singe</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boy_Leading_a_Horse" title="Boy Leading a Horse">Boy Leading a Horse</a></i> (1905–1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Gertrude_Stein" title="Portrait of Gertrude Stein">Portrait of Gertrude Stein</a></i> (1905–1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Head_of_a_Young_Woman" title="Head of a Young Woman">Head of a Young Woman</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i></span> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_a_Fan_(Picasso,_1908)" title="Woman with a Fan (Picasso, 1908)">Woman with a Fan</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brick_Factory_at_Tortosa" title="Brick Factory at Tortosa">Brick Factory at Tortosa</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_a_Fan_(Picasso,_1909)" title="Woman with a Fan (Picasso, 1909)">Woman with a Fan</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Femme_et_pot_de_moutarde" title="Femme et pot de moutarde">Femme et pot de moutarde</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_with_a_Mandolin" title="Girl with a Mandolin">Girl with a Mandolin</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Ambroise_Vollard_(Picasso)" title="Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (Picasso)">Portrait of Ambroise Vollard</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daniel-Henry_Kahnweiler_(Picasso)" title="Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (Picasso)">Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Accordionist" title="The Accordionist">The Accordionist</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_pigeon_aux_petits_pois" title="Le pigeon aux petits pois">Le pigeon aux petits pois</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Coiffeuse" title="La Coiffeuse">La Coiffeuse</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Violon_et_Raisins" title="Violon et Raisins">Violon et Raisins</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bottle,_Glass,_Fork" title="Bottle, Glass, Fork">Bottle, Glass, Fork</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ma_Jolie_(Picasso,_New_York)" title="Ma Jolie (Picasso, New York)">Ma Jolie</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arlequin_(Kunstmuseum,_The_Hague)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlequin (Kunstmuseum, The Hague)">Arlequin</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ma_Jolie_(Picasso,_Indianapolis)" title="Ma Jolie (Picasso, Indianapolis)">Ma Jolie</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Musicians_(Picasso)" title="Three Musicians (Picasso)">Three Musicians</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reading_the_Letter" title="Reading the Letter">Reading the Letter</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1921</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pipes_of_Pan_(painting)" title="The Pipes of Pan (painting)">The Pipes of Pan</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Dancers" title="The Three Dancers">The Three Dancers</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_in_a_Red_Armchair" title="Woman in a Red Armchair">Woman in a Red Armchair</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Repos_(Picasso)" title="Le Repos (Picasso)">Le Repos</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_before_a_Mirror" title="Girl before a Mirror">Girl before a Mirror</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Lecture" title="La Lecture">La Lecture</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_R%C3%AAve_(Picasso)" title="Le Rêve (Picasso)">Le Rêve</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nude,_Green_Leaves_and_Bust" title="Nude, Green Leaves and Bust">Nude, Green Leaves and Bust</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nude_in_a_Black_Armchair" title="Nude in a Black Armchair">Nude in a Black Armchair</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Femme_%C3%A0_la_montre" title="Femme à la montre">Femme à la montre</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Girls_Reading" title="Two Girls Reading">Two Girls Reading</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Fille_Endormie" title="Jeune Fille Endormie">Jeune Fille Endormie</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guernica_(Picasso)" title="Guernica (Picasso)">Guernica</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Dora_Maar" title="Portrait of Dora Maar">Portrait of Dora Maar</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_in_Hat_and_Fur_Collar" title="Woman in Hat and Fur Collar">Woman in Hat and Fur Collar</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weeping_Woman" title="The Weeping Woman">The Weeping Woman</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_with_a_Red_Beret_and_Pompom" title="Girl with a Red Beret and Pompom">Girl with a Red Beret and Pompom</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Femme_au_b%C3%A9ret_et_%C3%A0_la_robe_quadrill%C3%A9e_(Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Walter)" title="Femme au béret et à la robe quadrillée (Marie-Thérèse Walter)">Femme au béret et à la robe quadrillée (Marie-Thérèse Walter)</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maya_with_Doll" title="Maya with Doll">Maya with Doll</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Head_(Picasso)" title="Woman's Head (Picasso)">Woman's Head</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dora_Maar_au_Chat" title="Dora Maar au Chat">Dora Maar au Chat</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Charnel_House" title="The Charnel House">The Charnel House</a></i> (1944–1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature_morte_au_poron" title="Nature morte au poron">Nature morte au poron</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massacre_in_Korea" title="Massacre in Korea">Massacre in Korea</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Femmes_d%27Alger" title="Les Femmes d'Alger"><i>Les Femmes d'Alger</i> series</a> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Las_Meninas_(Picasso)" title="Las Meninas (Picasso)">Las Meninas</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Icarus_(Picasso)" title="The Fall of Icarus (Picasso)">The Fall of Icarus</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_a_Seated_Woman_(Jacqueline_Roque)" title="Bust of a Seated Woman (Jacqueline Roque)">Bust of a Seated Woman (Jacqueline Roque)</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_(painting)" title="Jacqueline (painting)">Jacqueline</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Femme_au_Chien" title="Femme au Chien">Femme au Chien</a></i> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sculptures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_a_Woman_(Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se)" title="Bust of a Woman (Marie-Thérèse)">Bust of a Woman (Marie-Thérèse)</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAte_de_femme_(Dora_Maar)" title="Tête de femme (Dora Maar)">Tête de femme (Dora Maar)</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bull%27s_Head" title="Bull's Head">Bull's Head</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baboon_and_Young" title="Baboon and Young">Baboon and Young</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Figure_d%C3%A9coup%C3%A9e" title="Figure découpée">Figure découpée</a></i> (1963, 1964, 1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Picasso" title="Chicago Picasso">Chicago Picasso</a> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sylvette" title="Sylvette">Sylvette</a></i> (1970)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Etchings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vollard_Suite" title="Vollard Suite">Vollard Suite</a></i> (1930–1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_Kneeling_over_Sleeping_Girl" title="Minotaur Kneeling over Sleeping Girl">Minotaur Kneeling over Sleeping Girl</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minotauromachy" title="Minotauromachy">Minotauromachy</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_and_Lie_of_Franco" title="The Dream and Lie of Franco">The Dream and Lie of Franco</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/347_Series" title="347 Series">347 Series</a></i> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drawings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_from_Majorca" title="Girl from Majorca">Girl from Majorca</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(Picasso)" title="Don Quixote (Picasso)">Don Quixote</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toros_y_toreros" title="Toros y toreros">Toros y toreros</a></i> (1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lithographs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Taureau" title="Le Taureau">Le Taureau</a></i> (1945–1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dove_(Picasso)" title="Dove (Picasso)">Dove</a></i> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Murals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picasso%27s_Regjeringskvartalet_murals" title="Picasso's Regjeringskvartalet murals">Regjeringskvartalet murals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Desire_Caught_by_the_Tail" title="Desire Caught by the Tail">Desire Caught by the Tail</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1941</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Little_Girls" title="The Four Little Girls">The Four Little Girls</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1947–1948</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picasso%27s_written_works" title="Picasso's written works">Picasso's written works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballet designs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picasso_and_the_Ballets_Russes" title="Picasso and the Ballets Russes">Picasso and the Ballets Russes</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Parade_(ballet)" title="Parade (ballet)">Parade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Three-Cornered_Hat" title="The Three-Cornered Hat">The Three-Cornered Hat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pulcinella_(ballet)" title="Pulcinella (ballet)">Pulcinella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Train_Bleu_(ballet)" title="Le Train Bleu (ballet)">Le Train Bleu</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mercure_(ballet)" title="Mercure (ballet)">Mercure</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Picasso" title="Musée Picasso">Musée Picasso</a> <small>(Paris)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Picasso_(Antibes)" title="Musée Picasso (Antibes)">Musée Picasso</a> <small>(Antibes)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_Picasso" title="Museu Picasso">Museu Picasso</a> <small>(Barcelona)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Picasso_M%C3%A1laga" title="Museo Picasso Málaga">Museo Picasso Málaga</a> <small>(Malaga)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3n_Picasso" title="Fundación Picasso">Museo Casa Natal</a> <small>(Malaga)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Boisgeloup" title="Château de Boisgeloup">Château de Boisgeloup</a> <small>(Normandy)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernande_Olivier" title="Fernande Olivier">Fernande Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Walter" title="Marie-Thérèse Walter">Marie-Thérèse Walter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Maar" title="Dora Maar">Dora Maar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Gilot" title="Françoise Gilot">Françoise Gilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Laporte" title="Geneviève Laporte">Geneviève Laporte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Khokhlova" title="Olga Khokhlova">Olga Khokhlova</a> <small>(first wife)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Roque" title="Jacqueline Roque">Jacqueline Roque</a> <small>(second wife)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Widmaier-Picasso" title="Maya Widmaier-Picasso">Maya Widmaier-Picasso</a> <small>(daughter)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Picasso" title="Claude Picasso">Claude Picasso</a> <small>(son)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paloma_Picasso" title="Paloma Picasso">Paloma Picasso</a> <small>(daughter)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Widmaier_Picasso" title="Diana Widmaier Picasso">Diana Widmaier Picasso</a> <small>(granddaughter)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Picasso" title="Marina Picasso">Marina Picasso</a> <small>(granddaughter)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Ruiz-Picasso" title="Bernard Ruiz-Picasso">Bernard Ruiz-Picasso</a> <small>(grandson)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ruiz_y_Blasco" title="José Ruiz y Blasco">José Ruiz y Blasco</a> <small>(father)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residences<br />(France)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bateau-Lavoir" title="Bateau-Lavoir">Bateau-Lavoir</a> (Montmartre Paris)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_La_Vigie,_Juan-les-Pins" title="Villa La Vigie, Juan-les-Pins">Villa La Vigie</a> (Juan-les-Pins, Summer 1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Boisgeloup" title="Château de Boisgeloup">Château de Boisgeloup</a> (Gisors, 1930–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_of_Vauvenargues" title="Château of Vauvenargues">Château of Vauvenargues</a> (Vauvenargues, 1958–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_La_Californie" title="Villa La Californie">Villa La Californie</a> (Cannes, 1955–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Vie,_Mougins" title="Château de Vie, Mougins">Château de Vie</a> (Mougins, 1961–1973)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films and<br />television about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Visit_to_Picasso" title="Visit to Picasso">Visit to Picasso</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guernica_(1950_film)" title="Guernica (1950 film)">Guernica</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Picasso" title="The Mystery of Picasso">The Mystery of Picasso</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Picasso" title="The Adventures of Picasso">The Adventures of Picasso</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surviving_Picasso" title="Surviving Picasso">Surviving Picasso</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Picasso:_Magic,_Sex_%26_Death" title="Picasso: Magic, Sex & Death">Picasso: Magic, Sex & Death</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modigliani_(film)" title="Modigliani (film)">Modigliani</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genius_(American_TV_series)" title="Genius (American TV series)">Genius</a></i> (2018 TV series)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carles_Casagemas" title="Carles Casagemas">Carles Casagemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Nesjar" title="Carl Nesjar">Carl Nesjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Corbett" title="Lydia Corbett">Lydia Corbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lump_(dog)" title="Lump (dog)">Lump (dog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3n_Picasso" title="Fundación Picasso">Fundación Picasso</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Picasso._In_the_heart_of_darkness_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Picasso. In the heart of darkness (1939–1945)">Picasso. In the heart of darkness (1939–1945)</a></i> (2019–2020 exhibition)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Picasso_%26_Lump" title="Picasso & Lump">Picasso & Lump</a></i> (2006 book)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Basel_Picasso_paintings_purchase_referendum" title="1967 Basel Picasso paintings purchase referendum">Picasso referendum of Basel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theft_of_The_Weeping_Woman_from_the_National_Gallery_of_Victoria" title="Theft of The Weeping Woman from the National Gallery of Victoria">Theft of <i>The Weeping Woman</i> from the National Gallery of Victoria</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Pablo_Picasso" title="Portrait of Pablo Picasso">Portrait of Pablo Picasso</a></i> (1915 painting)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If_I_Told_Him:_A_Completed_Portrait_of_Picasso" title="If I Told Him: A Completed Portrait of Picasso">If I Told Him: A Completed Portrait of Picasso</a>" (1924 poem)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Picasso_Summer" title="The Picasso Summer">The Picasso Summer</a></i> (1969 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman,_Bird,_Star_(Homage_to_Pablo_Picasso)" title="Woman, Bird, Star (Homage to Pablo Picasso)">Woman, Bird, Star (Homage to Pablo Picasso)</a></i> (1973 painting)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso_(song)" title="Pablo Picasso (song)">Pablo Picasso</a>" (1976 song)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Guitar" title="The Blue Guitar">The Blue Guitar</a></i> (1977 etchings)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Picasso_at_the_Lapin_Agile" title="Picasso at the Lapin Agile">Picasso at the Lapin Agile</a></i> (1993 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picasso_(crater)" title="Picasso (crater)">Picasso (crater)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Georges_Braque55" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Georges_Braque" title="Template:Georges Braque"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Georges_Braque" title="Template talk:Georges Braque"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Georges_Braque" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Georges Braque"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Georges_Braque55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Seascape._L%27Estaque" title="Seascape. L'Estaque">Seascape. L'Estaque</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Viaduct_at_L%27Estaque" title="The Viaduct at L'Estaque">The Viaduct at L'Estaque</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houses_at_l%27Estaque" title="Houses at l'Estaque">Houses at l'Estaque</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fruit_Dish" title="Fruit Dish">Fruit Dish</a></i> (1908–09)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fishing_Boats" title="Fishing Boats">Fishing Boats</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandora_(painting)" title="Mandora (painting)">Mandora</a></i> (1909–10)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitcher_and_Violin" title="Pitcher and Violin">Pitcher and Violin</a></i> (1909–10)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_a_Mandolin" title="Woman with a Mandolin">Woman with a Mandolin</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Life_(Braque,_1911)" title="Still Life (Braque, 1911)">Still Life</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guitar_(painting)" title="The Guitar (painting)">The Guitar</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concert_(Braque)" title="Concert (Braque)">Concert</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birds_(painting)" title="The Birds (painting)">The Birds</a></i> (1952–1953)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Papier_coll%C3%A9" title="Papier collé">Papier collé</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fruit_Dish_and_Glass" title="Fruit Dish and Glass">Fruit Dish and Glass</a></i> (1912)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cubism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jean_Metzinger45" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#87CEEB; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jean_Metzinger" title="Template:Jean Metzinger"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jean_Metzinger" title="Template talk:Jean Metzinger"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jean_Metzinger" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jean Metzinger"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jean_Metzinger45" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#87CEEB; color:black;;width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Jean_Metzinger" title="List of works by Jean Metzinger">List of works</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Nudes_in_an_Exotic_Landscape" title="Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape">Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape</a></i> (1905–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coucher_de_soleil_no._1" title="Coucher de soleil no. 1">Coucher de soleil no. 1</a></i> (c. 1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_a_Hat_(Metzinger)" title="Woman with a Hat (Metzinger)">Woman with a Hat</a></i> (c. 1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_danse,_Bacchante" title="La danse, Bacchante">La danse, Bacchante</a></i> (c. 1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colored_Landscape_with_Aquatic_Birds" title="Colored Landscape with Aquatic Birds">Colored Landscape with Aquatic Birds</a></i> (c. 1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bathers_(Metzinger)" title="Bathers (Metzinger)">Bathers</a></i> (c. 1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nu_%C3%A0_la_chemin%C3%A9e" title="Nu à la cheminée">Nu à la cheminée</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Nudes" title="Two Nudes">Two Nudes</a></i> (1910–11)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tea_Time_(Metzinger)" title="Tea Time (Metzinger)">Tea Time</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_a_Horse" title="Woman with a Horse">Woman with a Horse</a></i> (1911–12)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_with_a_Pipe" title="Man with a Pipe">Man with a Pipe (Portrait of an American Smoker)</a></i> (1911–12)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Harbor" title="The Harbor">The Harbor</a></i> (1911–12)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature_morte_(Metzinger)" title="Nature morte (Metzinger)">Nature morte (Compotier et cruche décorée de cerfs)</a></i> (1911–12)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dancer_in_a_Caf%C3%A9" title="Dancer in a Café">Dancer in a Café</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_a_Fan_(Metzinger,_1912)" title="Woman with a Fan (Metzinger, 1912)">Woman with a Fan</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Au_V%C3%A9lodrome" title="Au Vélodrome">Au Vélodrome</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Bird_(Metzinger)" title="The Blue Bird (Metzinger)">The Blue Bird</a></i> (1912–13)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_a_Fan_(Metzinger,_1913)" title="Woman with a Fan (Metzinger, 1913)">Woman with a Fan</a></i> (c. 1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/En_Canot" title="En Canot">En Canot</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_with_Pipe" title="Man with Pipe">Man with Pipe</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soldier_at_a_Game_of_Chess" title="Soldier at a Game of Chess">Soldier at a Game of Chess</a></i> (1914–15)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_at_her_Dressing_Table" title="Lady at her Dressing Table">Lady at her Dressing Table</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fruit_and_a_Jug_on_a_Table_(Metzinger)" title="Fruit and a Jug on a Table (Metzinger)">Fruit and a Jug on a Table</a></i> (1916)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_photo_published_in_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Jean_Metzinger%2C_photo_published_in_1913.jpg/100px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_photo_published_in_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Jean_Metzinger%2C_photo_published_in_1913.jpg/150px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_photo_published_in_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Jean_Metzinger%2C_photo_published_in_1913.jpg/200px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_photo_published_in_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="802" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#87CEEB; color:black;;width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Du_%22Cubisme%22" title="Du "Cubisme"">Du "Cubisme"</a></i> (1912)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#87CEEB; color:black;;width:1%">Portrayals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_in_a_Hammock" title="Man in a Hammock">Man in a Hammock</a></i> (1913 painting)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albert_Gleizes39" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albert_Gleizes" title="Template:Albert Gleizes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albert_Gleizes" title="Template talk:Albert Gleizes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albert_Gleizes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albert Gleizes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albert_Gleizes39" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Albert_Gleizes" title="List of works by Albert Gleizes">List of works</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Banks_of_the_Marne_(Gleizes)" title="The Banks of the Marne (Gleizes)">The Banks of the Marne</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tree_(Gleizes)" title="The Tree (Gleizes)">The Tree</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_Phlox" title="Woman with Phlox">Woman with Phlox</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_(Gleizes)" title="The Hunt (Gleizes)">The Hunt</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Jacques_Nayral" title="Portrait of Jacques Nayral">Portrait of Jacques Nayral</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Chemin,_Paysage_%C3%A0_Meudon" title="Le Chemin, Paysage à Meudon">Le Chemin, Paysage à Meudon</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_on_a_Balcony" title="Man on a Balcony">Man on a Balcony</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bathers_(Gleizes)" title="The Bathers (Gleizes)">The Bathers</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvest_Threshing" title="Harvest Threshing">Harvest Threshing</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passy,_Bridges_of_Paris" title="Passy, Bridges of Paris">Passy, Bridges of Paris</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Football_Players" title="Football Players">Football Players</a></i> (1912–13)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_in_a_Hammock" title="Man in a Hammock">Man in a Hammock</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Publisher_Eug%C3%A8ne_Figui%C3%A8re" title="The Publisher Eugène Figuière">The Publisher Eugène Figuière</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cubist_Landscape" title="Cubist Landscape">Cubist Landscape</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_Animals" title="Woman with Animals">Woman with Animals</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_an_Army_Doctor" title="Portrait of an Army Doctor">Portrait of an Army Doctor</a></i> (1914–15)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Composition_for_%22Jazz%22" title="Composition for "Jazz"">Composition for "Jazz"</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge_(Gleizes)" title="Brooklyn Bridge (Gleizes)">Brooklyn Bridge</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_Black_Glove" title="Woman with Black Glove">Woman with Black Glove</a></i> (1920)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Gleizes,_portrait_photograph,_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes,_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Albert_Gleizes%2C_portrait_photograph%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg/100px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_portrait_photograph%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Albert_Gleizes%2C_portrait_photograph%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg/150px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_portrait_photograph%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Albert_Gleizes%2C_portrait_photograph%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg/200px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_portrait_photograph%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2802" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Du_%22Cubisme%22" title="Du "Cubisme"">Du "Cubisme"</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Painting_and_its_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Painting and its Laws">Painting and its Laws</a></i> (1924)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Roche" title="Juliette Roche">Juliette Roche (wife)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cubism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox806" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42934#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4165855-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cubism"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85034652">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119361753">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119361753">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cubism&oldid=1275481991">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cubism&oldid=1275481991</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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