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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Notas_e_bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas_e_bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Notas e bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas_e_bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Corsários de Dunquerque</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Disponível em 11 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Дзюнкеркскія карсары — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзюнкеркскія карсары" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freibeuter_von_D%C3%BCnkirchen" title="Freibeuter von Dünkirchen — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Freibeuter von Dünkirchen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkirkers" title="Dunkirkers — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dunkirkers" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsarios_dunkerqueses" title="Corsarios dunkerqueses — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corsarios dunkerqueses" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsaire_dunkerquois" title="Corsaire dunkerquois — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Corsaire dunkerquois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAntsjerkster_kapers" title="Dúntsjerkster kapers — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dúntsjerkster kapers" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duinkerker" title="Duinkerker — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Duinkerker" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAnkarkari" title="Dúnkarkari — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dúnkarkari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duinkerker_kapers" title="Duinkerker kapers — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duinkerker kapers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapere_fra_Dunkerque" title="Kapere fra Dunkerque — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kapere fra Dunkerque" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Дюнкеркские корсары — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дюнкеркские корсары" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2427781#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-content{border:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-style{border:2px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-move{border:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Expandir_-_2 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Por favor, <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cors%C3%A1rios_de_Dunquerque&action=edit"><span title="Melhore este artigo ou secção">melhore este artigo ou secção</span></a></span>, expandindo-o.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Mais informações podem ser encontradas nos <b>artigos correspondentes noutras línguas</b> e também na <a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Cors%C3%A1rios_de_Dunquerque" title="Discussão:Corsários de Dunquerque">página de discussão</a>.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Agosto de 2012</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Janbart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Janbart.jpg/170px-Janbart.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Janbart.jpg/255px-Janbart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Janbart.jpg/340px-Janbart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption>Estátua de <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bart" title="Jean Bart">Jean Bart</a>, um dos mais célebres corsários de Dunquerque</figcaption></figure> <p>O termo <b>corsários de Dunquerque</b> (em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa" title="Língua inglesa">inglês</a>: <i><b><span lang="en">Dunkirkers</span></b></i> refere-se genericamente aos <a href="/wiki/Cors%C3%A1rio" title="Corsário">corsários</a> que tiveram a sua base em <a href="/wiki/Dunquerque" title="Dunquerque">Dunquerque</a>, uma cidade <a href="/wiki/Flandres_Francesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Flandres Francesa">flamenga</a> que atualmente faz parte de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>. A designação tem usualmente um significado mais específico, designando os corsários ao serviço da <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Espanhol" title="Império Espanhol">Coroa Espanhola</a> durante a <a href="/wiki/Revolta_Holandesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolta Holandesa">Revolta Holandesa</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(1568–1648)</span>, que integravam a chamada frota de Dunquerque, que por sua vez fazia parte da "Armada da Flandres" ao serviço da monarquia espanhola. </p><p>Os corsários de Dunquerque operavam não só a partir daquela cidade, como de outros portos da <a href="/wiki/Condado_da_Flandres" title="Condado da Flandres">costa flamenga</a>, como <a href="/wiki/Nieuwpoort" title="Nieuwpoort">Nieuwpoort</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ostende" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostende">Ostende</a>. Ao longo da <a href="/wiki/Guerra_dos_Oitenta_Anos" title="Guerra dos Oitenta Anos">Guerra dos Oitenta Anos</a>, a armada da <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_das_Sete_Prov%C3%ADncias_Unidas_dos_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="República das Sete Províncias Unidas dos Países Baixos">República dos Países Baixos</a> tentou repetidamente destruir os corsários. Os primeiros corsários dispunham de um grupo de <a href="/wiki/Navio_de_guerra" title="Navio de guerra">navios de guerra</a> armados pelo governo espanhol, mas o investimento privado na <a href="/wiki/Pirata" title="Pirata">pirataria</a> levou a que rapidamente a frota crescesse com navios privados. </p><p>Apesar das ligações originais com a coroa espanhola, as suas relações com a república holandesa nem sempre foram hostis e foram muitas vezes ambíguas. Os corsários de Dunquerque atuavam sobretudo no <a href="/wiki/Mar_do_Norte" title="Mar do Norte">mar do Norte</a>, mas ocasionalmente chegaram a operar no <a href="/wiki/Mar_B%C3%A1ltico" title="Mar Báltico">mar Báltico</a>, no <a href="/wiki/Mediterr%C3%A2neo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterrâneo">Mediterrâneo</a> e nas costas da <a href="/wiki/Barbaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbaria">Barbaria</a>. A sua presença entre os <a href="/wiki/Flibusteiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Flibusteiro">flibusteiros</a> ao largo das <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9ricas" class="mw-redirect" title="Américas">Américas</a> é praticamente nula, pois o <a href="/wiki/Guerra_de_corso" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerra de corso">corso</a> nessas paragens era inicialmente dirigida contra os interesses espanhóis. A atividade dos corsários de Dunquerque cessou em 1713, com o desarmamento do porto de Dunquerque previsto no <a href="/wiki/Tratado_de_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Tratado de Utrecht">Tratado de Utrecht</a>. </p><p>Um dos corsários de Dunquerque mais célebres foi <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bart" title="Jean Bart">Jean Bart</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(1650–1703)</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas_e_bibliografia">Notas e bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cors%C3%A1rios_de_Dunquerque&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Notas e bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cors%C3%A1rios_de_Dunquerque&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Notas e bibliografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r60995074">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist" style=""> <ul><li>Texto inicialmente baseado na tradução dos artigos <i>«<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkirkers" class="extiw" title="en:Dunkirkers">Dunkirkers</a>»</i> na Wikipédia em inglês (acessado <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dunkirkers&oldid=500472556">nesta versão</a></span>) e <i>«<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsaire_dunkerquois" class="extiw" title="fr:Corsaire dunkerquois">Corsaire dunkerquois</a>»</i> na Wikipédia em francês (acessado <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corsaire_dunkerquois&oldid=80409530">nesta versão</a></span>).</li></ul> <div style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r57042293">.mw-parser-output .smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}</style><span class="smallcaps">Bruijn</span>, J.R.; Wels, C.B. et al. <i>Met Man en Macht, De Militaire Geschiedenis van Nederland 1550–2000</i>, (Balans 2003), p. 59-61: "Bestrijding van de Vlaamse Oorlogsvloot"</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57042293"><span class="smallcaps">Cooper</span>, J. P. (1979). <i>The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 4, The Decline of Spain and the Thirty Years War, 1609-48/49</i>. p. 236. CUP Archive. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-521-29713-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-521-29713-4">978-0-521-29713-4</a></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57042293"><span class="smallcaps">Nijs</span>, Th. de.; Beukers E., Bazelmans, J. <i>Geschiedenis van Holland</i> (Hilversum 2003), 162.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57042293"><span class="smallcaps">Stradling</span>, R.A. <i>The Armada of Flanders: Spanish Maritime Policy and European War, 1568–1668</i> (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History; Cambridge University Press, 1992) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-521-40534-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-521-40534-8">978-0-521-40534-8</a> (ed. 2004: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-521-52512-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-521-52512-1">978-0-521-52512-1</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57042293"><span class="smallcaps">Vliet</span>, A. P. van. <i>The influence of Dunkirk privateering on the North Sea (herring) fishery during the years 1580–1650</i>. In J. Roding & L. Heerma van Voss (eds.), <i>The North Sea and Culture (1550–1800)</i> (Leiden 1996), 150–165, esp. 156.</li></ul> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Car_of_history.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Car_of_history.jpg/30px-Car_of_history.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Car_of_history.jpg/45px-Car_of_history.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Car_of_history.jpg/60px-Car_of_history.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria" title="História">história</a> ou um(a) <a href="/wiki/Historiador" title="Historiador">historiador(a)</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. 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