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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Birmingham_Back_to_Backs&params=52.4743_N_1.8972_W_region:GB_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°28′27″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°53′50″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.4743°N 1.8972°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.4743; -1.8972</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Last surviving court of back-to-back houses in Birmingham, England, now operated as a museum</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Birmingham Back to Backs</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Birmingham_back_to_backs_4_(3874510488).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Birmingham_back_to_backs_4_%283874510488%29.jpg/250px-Birmingham_back_to_backs_4_%283874510488%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Birmingham_back_to_backs_4_%283874510488%29.jpg/375px-Birmingham_back_to_backs_4_%283874510488%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Birmingham_back_to_backs_4_%283874510488%29.jpg/500px-Birmingham_back_to_backs_4_%283874510488%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">The courtyard behind the Back to Back Houses</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Birmingham Back to Backs is located in West Midlands county"><img alt="Birmingham Back to Backs is located in West Midlands county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg/240px-West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg/360px-West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg/480px-West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="974" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.771%;left:39.366%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Birmingham Back to Backs"><img alt="Birmingham Back to Backs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Houses</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data category">Back to Back Houses</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">50–54 Inge Street and 55–63 Hurst Street, Birmingham,</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Birmingham_Back_to_Backs&params=52.4743_N_1.8972_W_region:GB_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°28′27″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°53′50″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.4743°N 1.8972°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.4743; -1.8972</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">1840</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Owned by the National Trust</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Technical details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Material</th><td class="infobox-data category">Red Brickwork with slate roofs</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Back-to-back_court-_Birmingham.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Back-to-back_court-_Birmingham.svg/220px-Back-to-back_court-_Birmingham.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Back-to-back_court-_Birmingham.svg/330px-Back-to-back_court-_Birmingham.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Back-to-back_court-_Birmingham.svg/440px-Back-to-back_court-_Birmingham.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>A typical yard of back-to-back houses elsewhere in the city</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Birmingham Back to Backs</b> (also known as <b>Court 15</b>) are the city's last surviving court of <a href="/wiki/Back-to-back_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Back-to-back houses">back-to-back houses</a>. They are preserved as examples of the thousands of similar houses that were built around shared <a href="/wiki/Courtyards" class="mw-redirect" title="Courtyards">courtyards</a>, for the rapidly increasing population of Britain's expanding industrial towns. They are a very particular sort of <a href="/wiki/Terraced_houses_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Terraced houses in the United Kingdom">British terraced housing</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pre-regulation_terraced_houses_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pre-regulation terraced houses in the United Kingdom">This sort of housing</a> was deemed unsatisfactory, and the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Act_1875" title="Public Health Act 1875">Public Health Act 1875</a> meant that no more were built; instead <a href="/wiki/Byelaw_terraced_house" title="Byelaw terraced house">byelaw terraced houses</a> took their place. This court, at 50–54 Inge Street and 55–63 <a href="/wiki/Hurst_Street" title="Hurst Street">Hurst Street</a>, is now operated as a <a href="/wiki/Historic_house_museum" title="Historic house museum">historic house museum</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty">National Trust</a>. </p><p>Numerous back-to-back houses, two or three storeys high, were built in Birmingham during the 19th century. Most of these houses were concentrated in inner-city areas such as <a href="/wiki/Ladywood" title="Ladywood">Ladywood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handsworth,_West_Midlands" title="Handsworth, West Midlands">Handsworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aston" title="Aston">Aston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Small_Heath,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Heath, Birmingham">Small Heath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Highgate,_Birmingham" title="Highgate, Birmingham">Highgate</a>. Most were still in quite good condition in the early 20th century and also prior to their demolition. By the early 1970s, almost all of Birmingham's back-to-back houses had been demolished. The occupants were rehoused in new <a href="/wiki/Council_house" title="Council house">council houses and flats</a>, some in redeveloped inner-city areas, while the majority moved to new <a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">housing estates</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Castle_Vale" title="Castle Vale">Castle Vale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chelmsley_Wood" title="Chelmsley Wood">Chelmsley Wood</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Back_to_Backs&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lease">Lease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Back_to_Backs&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the end of the 18th century, the land where the houses are now located was owned by several families. The Inge family, after whom Inge Street is named, owned the land on the west side of the street whilst the Gooch family owned the land to the east side, where the back to backs were built. The plot of land was 50 yards long and 20 yards wide. </p><p>In 1789, Sir Thomas Gooch leased the land to John Willmore, a local toymaker. It was agreed that within a year, Willmore should construct two or more large houses at a total cost, including the outbuildings, of no less than £700. Willmore failed to do this and Court 15, as well as Court 14 adjacent, were built by his successors who remained on the street throughout the 19th century. When John Willmore died, the land was split between his sons Joseph and John Willmore, leading to the constructions looking different. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Back_to_Backs&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Court 14 was completed in 1802 by Joseph Willmore, a silversmith. It consisted of six front and eleven back houses with some workshops on the larger southern end of the building plot. When opened, it was known as Willmore's Court but was later renamed Court 14 Inge Street. It has since been demolished. </p><p>At this time, John Willmore, a carpenter and joiner, constructed a house and workshop for himself. By 1809, the undeveloped remainder of the plot consisted of two nailer's workshops and a cooper's workshop with a <a href="/wiki/Knacker%27s_yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Knacker's yard">knacker's yard</a> behind. The Hurst Street frontage was filled with sheds. By 1821, No. 50 Inge Street/ 1 Court 15 had been converted into a pair of back to backs. No. 52 Inge Street/ 2 Court 15 and No. 54 Inge Street/3 Court 15 were built about 1830. The terrace along Hurst Street was constructed in 1831. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occupants">Occupants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Back_to_Backs&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Occupants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_exterior.jpg/220px-Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_exterior.jpg/330px-Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_exterior.jpg/440px-Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1788" data-file-height="1194" /></a><figcaption>The exterior houses, showing the shop fronts and the entrance to the courtyard</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the 19th century, the court was occupied by workers who worked in such industries as button making, glasswork, woodwork, leatherwork, tailoring and were also skilled craftsmen in the jewellery and small metal trades. Many of such workers worked from home. Over 500 families have lived in Court 15. </p><p>From the 1830s to the 1930s, the Mitchells, a family of locksmiths and bellhangers, lived in the court. At one time, they were occupying both No. 55 Hurst Street and No. 54 Inge Street/3 Court 15. The family also worked at the workshop in the court for over 70 years. </p><p>In 1851, Joseph Barnett, a travelling jeweller, lived at number 35 Inge Street, with his wife Hanna, and four children, Samuel, Eli Louis, Rebecca and Henry. </p><p>Other people who lived there highlight the crowded conditions of the houses, which were usually occupied by single families. In 1851, for example Sophia Hudson, a widow who worked as a pearl button driller, probably from home, lived at No. 1 Court 15 with her five children and her mother who also a widow. In 1861, Herbert Oldfield, a glass eye maker, occupied the same address with his wife and their eight children. At the same time, the Mitchell family had an apprentice who lived with them. Despite the cramped conditions, some families, such as the one who occupied 61 Hurst Street in 1851, were able to afford a servant. </p><p>By 1900, the ground floors had been converted into shops. Services offered from the buildings were a cycle maker, a hairdresser, a ticket writer, a fruiterer and a furniture dealer. The upper floors of No. 55 and No. 59 Hurst Street, the cycle maker's and the ticket writer's properties respectively, were converted into workshops as opposed to residential. </p><p>George Saunders, an immigrant from St Kitts, took over one of the shops to form his own tailor shop. Should visitors come now, the front placard displays his name, his tailor shop (now beautifully restored) occupies the front part of the property, also highlighting the legacy of the windrush generation. When you go down to the counter area of the shop, a recording of George’s voice plays, detailing his life story within Birmingham and the importance of these houses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restoration">Restoration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Back_to_Backs&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1988, the court received <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">Grade II listed status</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of National Heritage">Department of National Heritage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_Council" title="Birmingham City Council">Birmingham City Council</a> commissioned the City of Hereford Archaeological Unit to survey and record them. Funding for this project was provided by the city council and <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>. </p><p>The Birmingham Back to Backs were restored by the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Conservation_Trust" title="Birmingham Conservation Trust">Birmingham Conservation Trust</a>, in collaboration with architects S. T. Walker & Duckham, and opened to the public on 21 July 2004. Their restoration was the subject of a five-part <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary</a> by <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Television" title="Carlton Television">Carlton Television</a>. Each of the four houses is decorated and furnished as if in a different era; 1840s, 1870s, 1930s and 1970s. Visits are by pre-booked, timed guided tours only. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layout_and_design">Layout and design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Back_to_Backs&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Layout and design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_interior.jpg/220px-Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_interior.jpg/330px-Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_interior.jpg/440px-Birmingham_Back_to_Backs_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3851" data-file-height="1907" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of the central courtyard</figcaption></figure> <p>The court consists of three pairs of back-to-back houses on Inge Street and a terrace of five blind back houses on Hurst Street, in the form of an L-shaped footprint. All the buildings are three storeys tall with one room on each floor. </p><p>No. 50 Inge Street/ 1 Court 15, the first to be constructed, is the tallest and the largest in the court. Some evidence exists to indicate that it was originally a single dwelling but it has been occupied for most of its life as a pair of back to backs. Evidence to show that it may have originally been one house is available through the layout of the attic. The attic runs across the whole depth of the pair of houses, but was never divided and can only be reached from the back house of No. 1 Court 15 where the surviving staircase is of much better quality than any remaining in the other houses in Court 15. On the second floor, there is a now-blocked doorway in the spine wall between the two houses indicating that the floors to both houses were both accessible. At this level too, No. 50 Inge Street has been split into two rooms by a partition wall. The smaller of the two rooms is unheated and lit by a <a href="/wiki/Casement_window" title="Casement window">casement window</a>. There are two tall chimney stacks, one for each house, in the pair. </p><p>The tunnel entrance to the court runs between No. 52 Inge Street/ 2 Court 15 and No. 54 Inge Street/ 3 Court 15. Each pair of houses shares a single chimney set on the ridge of the roof. The two back houses each have a <a href="/wiki/Bay_window" title="Bay window">bay window</a> to allow more light into the ground floor room. The lower floors to these houses have been divided by two spine walls. The upper floors are divided by one spine wall. </p><p>In No. 52 Inge Street/ 2 Court 15 only one original stairway remains — from the ground to the first floor in the front house. The stair in No. 54 Inge Street has been removed at ground floor level but in No. 3 Court 15 the complete staircase survives. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BacktoBacksWC1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BacktoBacksWC1.JPG/170px-BacktoBacksWC1.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BacktoBacksWC1.JPG/255px-BacktoBacksWC1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BacktoBacksWC1.JPG/340px-BacktoBacksWC1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Pail_closet" title="Pail closet">pail closet</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The rear entrances to Nos. 55, 57 and 59 are gained through a very narrow tunnel entry from Court 15. A staircase on the back wall of each house led up to the first and second floors. The houses were lit by windows on the Hurst Street side and heated by shared chimney stacks. No. 63 Hurst Street shared a chimney with No. 65 Hurst Street, the front house of a pair of back to backs which were part of Court 2 Hurst Street, now demolished. No. 55 Hurst Street has a large bay window at first floor level overlooking Inge Street, which is an early feature. All the houses in the terrace have late 20th century shop fronts, replacing earlier ones which were installed about 1900. </p><p>Court 15 may have originally had a water pump in the courtyard, though this is not known for certain. By the 1880s, a single tap had been installed. The brick paved yard contains an open drain running in front of the three back houses. In the 1930s, the two washhouses and <a href="/wiki/Water_closet" class="mw-redirect" title="Water closet">water closets</a> (outdoor flush toilets) were constructed on the site of the workshops and outbuildings in the courtyard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Back_to_Backs&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1034462" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1034462?section=official-list-entry">"Details from listed building database (1034462)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Details+from+listed+building+database+%281034462%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1034462%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Back+to+Backs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930222433/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/ELibrary?E_LIBRARY_ID=93&a=1157290087529">Birmingham City Council: Back to back in Birmingham</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy,_Liam2004" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Liam (2004). <i>Remaking Birmingham: The Visual Culture of Urban Regeneration</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-28838-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-28838-X"><bdi>0-415-28838-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remaking+Birmingham%3A+The+Visual+Culture+of+Urban+Regeneration&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-415-28838-X&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Liam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Back+to+Backs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Birmingham Back to Backs; Do something unforgettable...</i>, The National Trust, 2006, HH Associates (leaflet)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Back_to_Backs&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Birmingham_Back_to_Backs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Birmingham Back to Backs">Birmingham Back to Backs</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/birmingham-back-to-backs">Birmingham Back to Backs information at the National Trust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/360/back/index.shtml">BBC 360degree panorama of courtyard</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Housing in the United Kingdom">Housing in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Scotland" title="Housing in Scotland">Housing in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing in Wales">Housing in Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architectures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_house" title="Victorian house">Victorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwardian houses">Edwardian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Glasgow" title="Housing in Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_housing_in_Liverpool" title="History of housing in Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affordability_of_housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Affordability of housing in the United Kingdom">Affordability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_efficiency_in_British_housing" title="Energy efficiency in British housing">Energy efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Homelessness in the United Kingdom">Homelessness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_Act_2002" title="Homelessness Act 2002">Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatekeeping_(UK_housing_term)" title="Gatekeeping (UK housing term)">Gatekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_Reduction_Bill_2016%E2%80%9317" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness Reduction Bill 2016–17">Reduction Bill 2016–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homes_England" title="Homes England">Homes England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Corporation" title="Housing Corporation">Housing Corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_Housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State for Housing">Minister of State for Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public housing in the United Kingdom">Public Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Buy" title="Right to Buy">Right to Buy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Slum clearance in the United Kingdom">Slum clearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_England_and_Wales" title="Squatting in England and Wales">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-back_house" title="Back-to-back house">Back-to-back</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Birmingham Back to Backs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_house" title="Boot house">Boot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_country_house" title="English country house">English country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_houses_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of country houses in the United Kingdom">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_house" title="Hall house">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oast_house" title="Oast house">Oast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefabs_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prefabs in the United Kingdom">Prefabricated</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airey_house" title="Airey house">Airey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atholl_steel_house" title="Atholl steel house">Atholl steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reema_construction" title="Reema construction">Reema construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimpey_no-fines_house" title="Wimpey no-fines house">Wimpey no-fines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraced_houses_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Terraced houses in the United Kingdom">Terraced</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byelaw_terraced_house" title="Byelaw terraced house">Byelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-regulation_terraced_houses_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pre-regulation terraced houses in the United Kingdom">Pre-regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-up_two-down" title="Two-up two-down">Two-up two-down</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_blocks_in_Great_Britain" title="Tower blocks in Great Britain">Tower blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townhouse_(Great_Britain)" title="Townhouse (Great Britain)">Townhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weavers%27_cottage" title="Weavers' cottage">Weavers' cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealden_hall_house" title="Wealden hall house">Wealden hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary acts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Housing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_Act_1874&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Housing Act 1874 (page does not exist)">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_(Financial_Provisions)_Act_1924" title="Housing (Financial Provisions) Act 1924">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1930" title="Housing Act 1930">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1933" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing Act 1933">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1935" title="Housing Act 1935">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_Act_1936&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Housing Act 1936 (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_(Temporary_Accommodation)_Act_1944" title="Housing (Temporary Accommodation) Act 1944">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1949" title="Housing Act 1949">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_Act_1957&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Housing Act 1957 (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_Act_1961&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Housing Act 1961 (page does not exist)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1969" title="Housing Act 1969">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1980" title="Housing Act 1980">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1985" title="Housing Act 1985">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1988" title="Housing Act 1988">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1996" title="Housing Act 1996">1996</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Grants,_Construction_and_Regeneration_Act_1996" title="Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996">Grants, Construction and Regeneration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_2004" title="Housing Act 2004">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Regeneration_Act_2008" title="Housing and Regeneration Act 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Housing_(Regulation)_Act_2023" title="Social Housing (Regulation) Act 2023">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Housing and town planning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing,_Town_Planning,_%26c._Act_1909" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1909">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing,_Town_Planning,_%26c._Act_1919" title="Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Planning_Act_1986" title="Housing and Planning Act 1986">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Planning_Act_2016" title="Housing and Planning Act 2016">2016</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Working classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_of_the_Working_Classes_Act_1885" title="Housing of the Working Classes Act 1885">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_of_the_Working_Classes_Act_1890" title="Housing of the Working Classes Act 1890">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_of_the_Working_Classes_Act_1900" title="Housing of the Working Classes Act 1900">1900</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Housing in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4916605#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4916605#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4916605#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/479144783105414509052">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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