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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Papa+Joan+XII" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Orígens_i_nomenament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orígens_i_nomenament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Orígens i nomenament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orígens_i_nomenament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inicis_en_el_papat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inicis_en_el_papat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Inicis en el papat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inicis_en_el_papat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assumptes_eclesiàstics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assumptes_eclesiàstics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Assumptes eclesiàstics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assumptes_eclesiàstics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problemes_amb_l'emperador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problemes_amb_l'emperador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Problemes amb l'emperador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problemes_amb_l'emperador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reputació_i_caràcter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reputació_i_caràcter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reputació i caràcter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reputació_i_caràcter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Papa Joan XII</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 73 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pous_Johannes_XII" title="Pous Johannes XII - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pous Johannes XII" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_XII._(Papst)" title="Johannes XII. (Papst) - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Johannes XII. (Papst)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="يوحنا الثاني عشر - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوحنا الثاني عشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="يوحنا التناشر - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوحنا التناشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_XII" title="Ян XII - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ян XII" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_XII_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96)" title="Ян XII (папа рымскі) - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ян XII (папа рымскі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD_XII" title="Йоан XII - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йоан XII" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yann_XII" title="Yann XII - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yann XII" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1u-hu%C3%B2ng_Ioannes_12-si%C3%A9" title="Gáu-huòng Ioannes 12-sié - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gáu-huòng Ioannes 12-sié" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_XII" title="Juan XII - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Juan XII" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_XII." title="Jan XII. - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jan XII." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_XII." title="Johannes XII. - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johannes XII." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_XII" title="Johannes XII - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Johannes XII" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%92%CE%84" title="Πάπας Ιωάννης ΙΒ΄ - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πάπας Ιωάννης ΙΒ΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XII" title="Pope John XII - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pope John XII" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johano_la_12-a" title="Johano la 12-a - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Johano la 12-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_XII" title="Juan XII - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juan XII" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_XII" title="Johannes XII - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Johannes XII" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_XII.a" title="Joan XII.a - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joan XII.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85" title="ژان دوازدهم - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژان دوازدهم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_XII" title="Johannes XII - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johannes XII" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_XII" title="Jean XII - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean XII" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1pa_Eoin_XII" title="Pápa Eoin XII - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pápa Eoin XII" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xo%C3%A1n_XII,_papa" title="Xoán XII, papa - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xoán XII, papa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kau-f%C3%B2ng_Ioannes_12-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Kau-fòng Ioannes 12-sṳ - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kau-fòng Ioannes 12-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A8" title="יוחנן השנים עשר - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוחנן השנים עשר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_XII." title="Ivan XII. - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivan XII." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII._J%C3%A1nos_p%C3%A1pa" title="XII. János pápa - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="XII. János pápa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Yohanes_XII" title="Paus Yohanes XII - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paus Yohanes XII" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Juan_XII" title="Papa Juan XII - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Papa Juan XII" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papo_Ioannes_la_12ma" title="Papo Ioannes la 12ma - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Papo Ioannes la 12ma" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Giovanni_XII" title="Papa Giovanni XII - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Papa Giovanni XII" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B912%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E6%95%99%E7%9A%87)" title="ヨハネス12世 (ローマ教皇) - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨハネス12世 (ローマ教皇)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Yohanes_XII" title="Paus Yohanes XII - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paus Yohanes XII" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_XII_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98)" title="იოანე XII (პაპი) - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოანე XII (პაპი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%99%A9_%EC%9A%94%ED%95%9C_12%EC%84%B8" title="교황 요한 12세 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교황 요한 12세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Y%C3%BBhena_XII" title="Papa Yûhena XII - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Papa Yûhena XII" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_XII" title="Ioannes XII - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes XII" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_XII._(Poopst)" title="Johannes XII. (Poopst) - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Johannes XII. (Poopst)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%81nis_XII" title="Jānis XII - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jānis XII" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_XII" title="Папа Јован XII - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Папа Јован XII" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA" title="യോഹന്നാൻ പന്ത്രണ്ടാമൻ മാർപ്പാപ്പ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യോഹന്നാൻ പന്ത്രണ്ടാമൻ മാർപ്പാപ്പ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="पोप जॉन बारावा - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोप जॉन बारावा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Ioannes_XII" title="Paus Ioannes XII - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paus Ioannes XII" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85" title="ژان دوازدهم - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ژان دوازدهم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_XII._(Paapst)" title="Johannes XII. (Paapst) - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Johannes XII. (Paapst)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Johannes_XII" title="Paus Johannes XII - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paus Johannes XII" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_XII" title="Johannes XII - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johannes XII" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_XII" title="Joan XII - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Joan XII" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_XII_(papie%C5%BC)" title="Jan XII (papież) - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jan XII (papież)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Jo%C3%A3o_XII" title="Papa João XII - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Papa João XII" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huwan_XII" title="Huwan XII - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Huwan XII" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Ioan_al_XII-lea" title="Papa Ioan al XII-lea - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Papa Ioan al XII-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_XII_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Иоанн XII (папа римский) - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иоанн XII (папа римский)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuvanni_XII" title="Giuvanni XII - sicilià" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giuvanni XII" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_XII" title="Ivan XII - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ivan XII" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1n_XII._(p%C3%A1pe%C5%BE)" title="Ján XII. (pápež) - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ján XII. (pápež)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pape%C5%BE_Janez_XII." title="Papež Janez XII. - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Papež Janez XII." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhovani_XII" title="Xhovani XII - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhovani XII" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_XII" title="Папа Јован XII - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Папа Јован XII" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_XII" title="Johannes XII - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johannes XII" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Yohane_XII" title="Papa Yohane XII - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Papa Yohane XII" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Juan_XII" title="Papa Juan XII - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Papa Juan XII" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII._Ioannes" title="XII. Ioannes - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="XII. Ioannes" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_XII" title="Іван XII - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іван XII" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%81%D9%85" title="جان دوازدہم - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جان دوازدہم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_ho%C3%A0ng_Gioan_XII" title="Giáo hoàng Gioan XII - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo hoàng Gioan XII" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Juan_XII" title="Papa Juan XII - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Papa Juan XII" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="若望十二世 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="若望十二世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3p%C3%B9_J%C3%B2h%C3%A1n%C3%B9_12k" title="Pópù Jòhánù 12k - ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pópù Jòhánù 12k" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="若望十二世 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="若望十二世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0u-h%C3%B4ng_Ioannes_12-s%C3%A8" title="Kàu-hông Ioannes 12-sè - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kàu-hông Ioannes 12-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="若望十二世 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="若望十二世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172933#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_XII"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_XII"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Papa_Joan_XII" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Papa_Joan_XII" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&oldid=34025522" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Papa_Joan_XII&id=34025522&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPapa_Joan_XII"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPapa_Joan_XII"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Papa+Joan+XII"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Papa_Joan_XII&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ioannes_XII" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172933" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33733479">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titleclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle_pharaon{color:#202122;background-color:#f1f1de}.mw-parser-output .infobox_aboveclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{color:#202122;background-color:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;text-align:start}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}.mw-parser-output .infobox_center_BG{text-align:center;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_coa{padding-top:0.3em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#3C7790}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33733479"> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titleclass" style="font-weight:bold"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula persona"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula persona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/20px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/30px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/40px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></span><span class="fn">Joan XII</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Otto_I_begegnet_Papst_Johannes_XII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Otto_I_begegnet_Papst_Johannes_XII.jpg/233px-Otto_I_begegnet_Papst_Johannes_XII.jpg" decoding="async" width="233" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Otto_I_begegnet_Papst_Johannes_XII.jpg/350px-Otto_I_begegnet_Papst_Johannes_XII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Otto_I_begegnet_Papst_Johannes_XII.jpg/466px-Otto_I_begegnet_Papst_Johannes_XII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="830" /></a></span><br /> L'emperador Otó I rebent Joan XII</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Biografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Naixement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">Ottaviano dei Conti di Tuscolo<br /><abbr title="Circa"><i>c.</i> </abbr>937 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P569" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P19" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mort</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">14 maig 964 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P570" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (26/27 anys)<br /><a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P20" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Causa de mort</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Accident_vascular_cerebral" title="Accident vascular cerebral">accident vascular cerebral</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P509" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Sepultura</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Sant_Joan_del_Later%C3%A0" title="Sant Joan del Laterà">Basílica de Sant Joan del Laterà</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P119" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_center_BG"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/22px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/33px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/44px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="918" /></a></span> 130è <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">Papa</a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> 16 desembre 955 – 14 maig 964 <sup>(Gregorià)</sup> <br />← <a href="/wiki/Agapit_II" title="Agapit II">Agapit II</a> – <a href="/wiki/Papa_Benet_V" title="Papa Benet V">Benet V</a> → <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P39" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Dades personals</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Religió</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica_Romana" title="Església Catòlica Romana">Església Catòlica</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P140" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Activitat</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Lloc de treball </span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Estats_Pontificis" title="Estats Pontificis">Estats Pontificis</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P937" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ocupació</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q250867" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q250867">sacerdot catòlic</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1097498" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1097498">governant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escriptor" title="Escriptor">escriptor</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P106" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Influències</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Pornocr%C3%A0cia" title="Pornocràcia">Pornocràcia</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P737" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Altres</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Títol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Comte" title="Comte">Comte</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P97" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Pares</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Alberic_II" title="Alberic II">Alberic II de Tusculum</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P22" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>  i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12271366" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q12271366">Alda d'Itàlia</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172933?uselang=ca#P25" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Octavià de Túsculum</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>, <a href="/wiki/936" title="936">936</a> - <a href="/wiki/964" title="964">964</a>) va ser <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">Papa</a> amb el nom de <b>Joan XII</b> entre <a href="/wiki/955" title="955">955</a> i <a href="/wiki/963" title="963">963</a> i durant uns mesos del <a href="/wiki/964" title="964">964</a>. Fou el tercer pontífex que es va canviar de nom quan va pujar al tron. Era mal vist tant pel poble com per la jerarquia a causa de la seva corrupció en el càrrec. El seu és considerat un dels pitjors papats de la història. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orígens_i_nomenament"><span id="Or.C3.ADgens_i_nomenament"></span>Orígens i nomenament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Orígens i nomenament"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fou fill d'<a href="/wiki/Alberic_II_de_T%C3%BAsculum" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberic II de Túsculum">Alberic II de Túsculum</a> i potser d'Alda (filla del <a href="/wiki/Comtat_d%27Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Comtat d'Arles">comte</a> <a href="/wiki/Hug_d%27Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hug d'Arles">Hug d'Arles</a>). Segons la biografia escrita per Benet de Sant Andreu, la seva mare fou una concubina, versió més acceptada pels historiadors actuals, ja que si fos cert que va ser fill d'Alda hauria arribat a ser papa als 18 anys, cosa poc probable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906243-244_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906243-244-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abans de morir l'any 954, el seu pare va fer un jurament a l'església de sant Pere dient que el proper en ocupar el tron pontifici seria el seu fill, el qual ja havia iniciat la carrera eclesiàstica com a sacerdot.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906244-245_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906244-245-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quan el <a href="/wiki/Papa_Agapit_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Agapit II">papa Agapit II</a> va morir ell tenia el càrrec de <a href="/wiki/Cardenal#ordres_cardenalicis" title="Cardenal">cardenal diaca</a> de la parròquia de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_in_Domminica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Maria in Domminica (encara no existeix)">Santa Maria in Dominica</a>. Fou consagrat papa el desembre del <a href="/wiki/955" title="955">955</a> i es va canviar el nom de bateig <i>Octavià</i> pel de Joan, imitant el que ja havien abans <a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_II" title="Papa Joan II">Joan II</a> i <a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_III" title="Papa Joan III">Joan III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorwich201176_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorwich201176-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inicis_en_el_papat">Inicis en el papat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Inicis en el papat"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vers el <a href="/wiki/960" title="960">960</a> ell mateix va encapçalar una campanya militar contra del <a href="/wiki/Ducat_i_Principat_de_Benevent" title="Ducat i Principat de Benevent">ducat de Benevent</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Principat_de_C%C3%A0pua" title="Principat de Càpua">principat de Càpua</a> per recuperar-los de mans dels <a href="/wiki/Longobards" title="Longobards">longobards</a>. Els de Càpua i Benevent es van aliar amb <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gisulf_I_de_Salern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gisulf I de Salern (encara no existeix)">Gisulf I de Salern</a> i Joan es va haver de retirar cap al nord.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000330_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000330-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Terracina van entrar en negociacions i es va decidir que, a canvi de la no implicació de Gisulf, el papa renunciava al principat de Salern.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906246-247_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906246-247-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poc després <a href="/wiki/Berenguer_II_d%27It%C3%A0lia" title="Berenguer II d'Itàlia">Berenguer II d'Itàlia</a> va envair els territoris pontificis i Joan va escriure al rei alemany <a href="/wiki/Ot%C3%B3_I_del_Sacre_Imperi_Romano-Germ%C3%A0nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Otó I del Sacre Imperi Romano-Germànic">Otó I</a> per demanar-li suport militar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906247_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906247-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otó va entrar a <a href="/wiki/Regne_d%27It%C3%A0lia_(Edat_Mitjana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regne d'Itàlia (Edat Mitjana)">Itàlia</a> el 961 i va fer recular Berenguer, però va continuar fins a Roma, on va arribar el 31 de gener del 962. Allà Joan el va coronar i tots dos es van jurar fidelitat mútua; uns dies després van escriure el pacte en el document anomenat <i>Diploma Ottonianum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906250-252_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906250-252-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000338_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000338-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assumptes_eclesiàstics"><span id="Assumptes_eclesi.C3.A0stics"></span>Assumptes eclesiàstics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Assumptes eclesiàstics"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A començaments del <a href="/wiki/956" title="956">956</a> va escriure a William de Mayence, el legat papal destinat a Alemanya, preocupat per la feina eclesiàstica allà, també li demanava que l'informés de com afectava a l'Església la relació entre <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a_Occidental" title="França Occidental">França Occidental</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a_oriental" class="mw-redirect" title="França oriental">França oriental</a> (territori d'Otó). També va escriure al nou arquebisbe de <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A8veris" title="Trèveris">Trèveris</a>, Henry, per desitjar-li sort en la seva tasca.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906245_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906245-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El <a href="/wiki/960" title="960">960</a> va rebre la visita de <a href="/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan">Dunstan</a>, que volia ser confirmat en el càrrec d'arquebisbe de Canterbury.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906265-266_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906265-266-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El 12 de febrer del <a href="/wiki/962" title="962">962</a>, va convocar un concili a Roma a petició d'Otó I. Durant aquesta trobada Joan tenia previst establir l'<a href="/wiki/Arquebisbat_de_Magdeburg" title="Arquebisbat de Magdeburg">arquebisbat de Magdeburg</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Bisbat_de_Merseburg" title="Bisbat de Merseburg">bisbat de Merseburg</a>, confirmar en el càrrec l'<a href="/wiki/Arquebisbat_de_Salzburg" title="Arquebisbat de Salzburg">arquebisbe de Salzburg</a>, el de <a href="/wiki/Arquebisbat_de_Tr%C3%A8veris" title="Arquebisbat de Trèveris">Trèveris</a> i el de <a href="/wiki/Bisbat_de_Verona" title="Bisbat de Verona">Verona</a>. També li van presentar una petició per excomunicar el bisbe Hug de Vermandois, que havia intentat recuperar el seu anterior càrrec d'arquebisbe de Reims.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906253-254_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906253-254-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Problemes_amb_l'emperador"><span id="Problemes_amb_l.27emperador"></span>Problemes amb l'emperador</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Problemes amb l'emperador"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quan Otó I fou nomenat <a href="/wiki/Sacre_Imperi_Romanogerm%C3%A0nic" title="Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic">emperador</a> li van començar arribar queixes sobre la moral del papa. Aquest se'n va voler assegurar i va entrar en contacte amb l'<a href="/wiki/Emperador_rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Emperador romà d'Orient">emperador romà d'Orient</a> i amb el rei <a href="/wiki/Adalbert_II_d%27Ivrea" title="Adalbert II d'Ivrea">Adalbert d'Itàlia</a>. El <a href="/wiki/963" title="963">963</a> l'emperador va passar a l'acció i va envair els Estats Pontificis i el va fer deposar amb acusacions d'incest, homosexualitat, perjuri, homicidi i sacrilegi en un sínode convocat a Roma el <a href="/wiki/6_de_novembre" title="6 de novembre">6 de novembre</a> del <a href="/wiki/963" title="963">963</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000340_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000340-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'emperador esperava que Joan es presentaria al sínode per defensar el seu honor, però estava de cacera a la <a href="/wiki/Camp%C3%A0nia" title="Campània">Campània</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorwich201180_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorwich201180-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i els únics que es van revoltar van ser una colla de romans que aviat van ser controlats per l'exèrcit. L'emperador i els bisbes van escollir com a substitut el <a href="/wiki/Papa_Lle%C3%B3_VIII" title="Papa Lleó VIII">papa Lleó VIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttwak2009150_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttwak2009150-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Després de fugir, Joan va organitzar un exèrcit pagat amb els tresors de l'Església que havia robat i va aconseguir de nou tornar al soli pontifici. Aleshores va excomunicar el seu successor en un sínode celebrat el febrer de <a href="/wiki/964" title="964">964</a>, però aquest va anar a demanar suport a l'emperador.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000349-350_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000349-350-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quan les tropes imperials s'acostaven de nou a <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> per treure'l del govern el <a href="/wiki/Maig" title="Maig">maig</a> del <a href="/wiki/964" title="964">964</a>, va morir assassinat. Hi ha dues teories per explicar la seva fi: la primera, que fou assassinat per un marit gelós que havia sorprès el papa amb la seva dona; la segona, que morí d'<a href="/wiki/Apoplexia" class="mw-redirect" title="Apoplexia">apoplexia</a> durant un acte sexual.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906264_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906264-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El van sepultar a l'església de <a href="/wiki/Sant_Joan_del_Later%C3%A0" title="Sant Joan del Laterà">Sant Joan del Laterà</a> i el va succeir el <a href="/wiki/Papa_Benet_V" title="Papa Benet V">papa Benet V</a>, que fou deposat al retorn de <a href="/wiki/Papa_Lle%C3%B3_VIII" title="Papa Lleó VIII">Lleó VIII</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputació_i_caràcter"><span id="Reputaci.C3.B3_i_car.C3.A0cter"></span>Reputació i caràcter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Reputació i caràcter"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En la seva època el càrrec de papa tenia dues vessants: una com a príncep secular de Roma i l'altra com a cap espiritual de la cristiandat, però ell sentia més inclinació envers la primera.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000329_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000329-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els cronistes contemporanis el descriuen com un home groller i de conducta immoral. Durant la seva estada, deien, el palau del Laterà semblava un bordell. <a href="/wiki/Liutprand_de_Cremona" title="Liutprand de Cremona">Liutprand de Cremona</a> en va deixar una llarg llista de conductes pecaminoses que escandalitzaven els romans. Per altra banda, no acceptava crítiques, fins al punt d'haver fet cegar el seu confessor o d'haver fet castrar un subdiaca. També <a href="/wiki/Rateri_de_Verona" title="Rateri de Verona">Rateri de Verona</a> s'exclamava de la seva afició a la cacera, el joc de daus, les borratxeres i les prostitutes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906242_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906242-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ioannes_XII" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ioannes XII">Papa Joan XII</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906243-244-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906243-244_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1906">Mann, 1906</a>, p. 243-244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906244-245-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906244-245_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1906">Mann, 1906</a>, p. 244-245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorwich201176-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorwich201176_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorwich2011">Norwich, 2011</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000330-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000330_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregorovius2000">Gregorovius, 2000</a>, p. 330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906246-247-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906246-247_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1906">Mann, 1906</a>, p. 246-247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906247-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906247_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1906">Mann, 1906</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906250-252-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906250-252_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1906">Mann, 1906</a>, p. 250-252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000338-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000338_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregorovius2000">Gregorovius, 2000</a>, p. 338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906245-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906245_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1906">Mann, 1906</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906265-266-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906265-266_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1906">Mann, 1906</a>, p. 265-266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906253-254-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906253-254_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1906">Mann, 1906</a>, p. 253-254.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000340-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000340_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregorovius2000">Gregorovius, 2000</a>, p. 340.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorwich201180-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorwich201180_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorwich2011">Norwich, 2011</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttwak2009150-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttwak2009150_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuttwak2009">Luttwak, 2009</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000349-350-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000349-350_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregorovius2000">Gregorovius, 2000</a>, p. 349-350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906264-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906264_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1906">Mann, 1906</a>, p. 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000329-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregorovius2000329_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregorovius2000">Gregorovius, 2000</a>, p. 329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann1906242-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann1906242_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1906">Mann, 1906</a>, p. 242.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Joan_XII&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFChamberlin2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Chamberlin</span>, Russell. <i>The Bad Popes</i>.  Sutton Publishing, 2003.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bad+Popes&rft.aulast=Chamberlin&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGregorovius2000"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gregorovius</span>, Ferdinand. <i>The History of Rome in the Middle Ages</i>.  Italica Press, 2000.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Rome+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.aulast=Gregorovius&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Italica+Press"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLuttwak2009"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Luttwak" title="Edward Luttwak"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Luttwak</span>, Edward</a>. <i>The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire</i>.  Harvard University Press, 2009.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grand+Strategy+of+the+Byzantine+Empire&rft.aulast=Luttwak&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMann1906"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mann</span>, Horace K. <i>The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Vol. IV</i>.  Trübner & Co., 1906.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+the+Popes+in+the+Early+Middle+Ages%2C+Vol.+IV&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Horace+K.&rft.date=1906&rft.pub=Tr%C3%BCbner+%26+Co."><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFNorwich2011"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Norwich</span>, John Julius. <i>The Popes: A History</i>.  Chatto & Windus, 2011. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-7011-8290-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-7011-8290-8">ISBN 978-0-7011-8290-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Popes%3A+A+History&rft.aulast=Norwich&rft.aufirst=John+Julius&rft.date=2011&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Windus&rft.isbn=978-0-7011-8290-8"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Papes_de_l&#039;Església_Catòlica" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:gold"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Papes" title="Plantilla:Papes"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Papes_de_l&#039;Església_Catòlica" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">Papes</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica" class="mw-redirect" title="Església Catòlica">Església Catòlica</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";background:LightGoldenrodYellow"><div id="Des_de_l&#039;establiment_de_l&#039;Església_(30)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Des de l'establiment de l'Església (<a href="/wiki/30" title="30">30</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Pere" title="Sant Pere">Pere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Lli" title="Papa Lli">Lli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Anaclet" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Anaclet">Anaclet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climent_I" title="Climent I">Climent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Evarist" title="Papa Evarist">Evarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Alexandre_I" title="Papa Alexandre I">Alexandre I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Sixt_I" title="Papa Sixt I">Sixt I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Tel%C3%A8sfor" title="Papa Telèsfor">Telèsfor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Higini" title="Papa Higini">Higini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Pius_I" title="Papa Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Anicet" title="Papa Anicet">Anicet I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Soter" title="Papa Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Eleuteri" title="Papa Eleuteri">Eleuteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_I" title="Víctor I">Víctor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Zefer%C3%AD" title="Papa Zeferí">Zeferí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calixt_I" title="Calixt I">Calixt I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Urb%C3%A0_I" title="Papa Urbà I">Urbà I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Ponci%C3%A0" title="Papa Poncià">Poncià</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Anter" title="Papa Anter">Anter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Fabi%C3%A0" title="Papa Fabià">Fabià</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneli_(papa)" title="Corneli (papa)">Corneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Luci_I" title="Papa Luci I">Luci I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Esteve_I" title="Papa Esteve I">Esteve I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Sixt_II" title="Papa Sixt II">Sixt II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Dion%C3%ADs" title="Papa Dionís">Dionís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8lix_I" title="Fèlix I">Fèlix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Eutiqui%C3%A0" title="Papa Eutiquià">Eutiquià</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gai_(papa)" title="Gai (papa)">Gai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Marcel%C2%B7l%C3%AD" title="Papa Marcel·lí">Marcel·lí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_I" title="Marcel I">Marcel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Eusebi" title="Papa Eusebi">Eusebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Melqu%C3%ADades" title="Papa Melquíades">Melquíades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut d'armes del Papat"><img alt="Escut d'armes del Papat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/40px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/60px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/80px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a><figcaption>Escut d'armes del Papat</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";background:LightGoldenrodYellow"><div id="Des_de_l&#039;Edicte_de_Milà_(313)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Des de l'<a href="/wiki/Edicte_de_Mil%C3%A0" title="Edicte de Milà">Edicte de Milà</a> (<a href="/wiki/313" title="313">313</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_I" title="Silvestre I">Silvestre I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Marc" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Marc">Marc I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Juli_I" title="Papa Juli I">Juli I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Liberi" title="Papa Liberi">Liberi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Damas_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Damas I">Damas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Sirici" title="Papa Sirici">Sirici I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasi_I_de_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Anastasi I de Roma">Anastasi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Innocenci_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Innocenci I">Innocenci I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Z%C3%B2sim" title="Papa Zòsim">Zòsim I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Bonifaci_I" title="Papa Bonifaci I">Bonifaci I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Celest%C3%AD_I" title="Papa Celestí I">Celestí I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Sixt_III" title="Papa Sixt III">Sixt III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Lle%C3%B3_I" title="Papa Lleó I">Lleó I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Hilari" title="Papa Hilari">Hilari I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Simplici" title="Papa Simplici">Simplici I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8lix_III" title="Fèlix III">Fèlix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Gelasi_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Gelasi I">Gelasi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Anastasi_II" title="Papa Anastasi II">Anastasi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_S%C3%ADmmac" title="Papa Símmac">Símmac I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Hormisdes" title="Papa Hormisdes">Hormisdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_I" title="Papa Joan I">Joan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8lix_IV" title="Fèlix IV">Fèlix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Bonifaci_II" title="Papa Bonifaci II">Bonifaci II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_II" title="Papa Joan II">Joan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Agapit_I" title="Papa Agapit I">Agapit I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Silveri" title="Papa Silveri">Silveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Vigili" title="Papa Vigili">Vigili I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagi_I" title="Pelagi I">Pelagi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_III" title="Papa Joan III">Joan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Benet_I" title="Papa Benet I">Benet I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Pelagi_II" title="Papa Pelagi II">Pelagi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregori_el_Gran" title="Gregori el Gran">Gregori I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Sabini%C3%A0" title="Papa Sabinià">Sabinià I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Bonifaci_III" title="Papa Bonifaci III">Bonifaci III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Bonifaci_IV" title="Papa Bonifaci IV">Bonifaci IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Deodat_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Deodat I">Deodat I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Bonifaci_V" title="Papa Bonifaci V">Bonifaci V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Honori_I" title="Papa Honori I">Honori I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Sever%C3%AD" title="Papa Severí">Severí I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_IV" title="Papa Joan IV">Joan IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Teodor_I" title="Papa Teodor I">Teodor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Mart%C3%AD_I" title="Papa Martí I">Martí I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugeni_I" title="Eugeni I">Eugeni I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Vitali%C3%A0" title="Papa Vitalià">Vitalià I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Deodat_II" title="Papa Deodat II">Deodat II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Donus" title="Papa Donus">Donus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Agat%C3%B3" title="Papa Agató">Agató I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Lle%C3%B3_II" title="Papa Lleó II">Lleó II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benet_II" title="Benet II">Benet II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_V" title="Papa Joan V">Joan V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Con%C3%B3" title="Papa Conó">Conó I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Sergi_I" title="Sant Sergi I">Sergi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_VI" title="Papa Joan VI">Joan VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_VII" title="Papa Joan VII">Joan VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Sisini" title="Papa Sisini">Sisini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Constant%C3%AD_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Constantí I">Constantí I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregori_II_(papa)" title="Gregori II (papa)">Gregori II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregori_III" title="Papa Gregori III">Gregori III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Zacaries" title="Papa Zacaries">Zacaries I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Esteve_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Esteve II">Esteve II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";background:LightGoldenrodYellow"><div id="Des_de_la_Donació_de_Pipí_(756)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Des de la <a href="/wiki/Donaci%C3%B3_de_Pip%C3%AD" title="Donació de Pipí">Donació de Pipí</a> (<a href="/wiki/756" title="756">756</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Pau_I" title="Papa Pau I">Pau I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Esteve_III" title="Papa Esteve III">Esteve III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A0_I" title="Adrià I">Adrià I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lle%C3%B3_III_(papa)" title="Lleó III (papa)">Lleó III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteve_IV" title="Esteve IV">Esteve IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Pasqual_I" title="Papa Pasqual I">Pasqual I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Eugeni_II" title="Papa Eugeni II">Eugeni II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Valent%C3%AD" title="Papa Valentí">Valentí I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregori_IV" title="Papa Gregori IV">Gregori IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergi_II" title="Sergi II">Sergi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Lle%C3%B3_IV" title="Papa Lleó IV">Lleó IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Benet_III" title="Papa Benet III">Benet III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Nicolau_I" title="Papa Nicolau I">Nicolau I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A0_II" title="Adrià II">Adrià II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_VIII" title="Papa Joan VIII">Joan VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%AD_I" title="Marí I">Marí I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Adri%C3%A0_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Adrià III">Adrià III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteve_V" title="Esteve V">Esteve V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form%C3%B3s" title="Formós">Formós</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonifaci_VI" title="Bonifaci VI">Bonifaci VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Esteve_VI" title="Papa Esteve VI">Esteve VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A0_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Romà I">Romà I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Teodor_II" title="Papa Teodor II">Teodor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_IX" title="Joan IX">Joan IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Benet_IV" title="Papa Benet IV">Benet IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Lle%C3%B3_V" title="Papa Lleó V">Lleó V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergi_III" title="Sergi III">Sergi III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Anastasi_III" title="Papa Anastasi III">Anastasi III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Land%C3%B3" title="Papa Landó">Landó I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan X">Joan X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Lle%C3%B3_VI" title="Papa Lleó VI">Lleó VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Esteve_VII" title="Papa Esteve VII">Esteve VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_XI" title="Joan XI">Joan XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Lle%C3%B3_VII" title="Papa Lleó VII">Lleó VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Esteve_VIII" title="Papa Esteve VIII">Esteve VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%AD_II" title="Marí II">Marí II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agapit_II" title="Agapit II">Agapit II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joan XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Lle%C3%B3_VIII" title="Papa Lleó VIII">Lleó VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Benet_V" title="Papa Benet V">Benet V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_XIII" title="Papa Joan XIII">Joan XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benet_VI" title="Benet VI">Benet VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benet_VII" title="Benet VII">Benet VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Joan XIV">Joan XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_XV" title="Joan XV">Joan XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregori_V" title="Gregori V">Gregori V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_II" title="Silvestre II">Silvestre II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_XVII" title="Joan XVII">Joan XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_XVIII" title="Joan XVIII">Joan XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergi_IV" title="Sergi IV">Sergi IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benet_VIII" title="Benet VIII">Benet VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_XIX" title="Joan XIX">Joan XIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benet_IX" title="Benet IX">Benet IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Silvestre_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Silvestre III">Silvestre III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Benet_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Benet IX">Benet IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregori_VI" title="Papa Gregori VI">Gregori VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climent_II" title="Climent II">Climent II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benet_IX" title="Benet IX">Benet IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Damas_II" title="Papa Damas II">Damas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lle%C3%B3_IX" title="Lleó IX">Lleó IX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";background:LightGoldenrodYellow"><div id="Des_del_Cisma_d&#039;Orient_(1054)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Des del <a href="/wiki/Gran_Cisma_d%27Orient" title="Gran Cisma d'Orient">Cisma d'Orient</a> (<a href="/wiki/1054" title="1054">1054</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_II" title="Víctor II">Víctor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteve_IX" title="Esteve IX">Esteve IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolau_II_(papa)" title="Nicolau II (papa)">Nicolau II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_II_(papa)" title="Alexandre II (papa)">Alexandre II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregori_VII" title="Gregori VII">Gregori VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_III" title="Víctor III">Víctor III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urb%C3%A0_II" title="Urbà II">Urbà II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasqual_II" title="Pasqual II">Pasqual II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelasi_II" title="Gelasi II">Gelasi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Calixt_II" title="Papa Calixt II">Calixt II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honori_II" title="Honori II">Honori II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Innocenci_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Innocenci II">Innocenci II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Celest%C3%AD_II" title="Papa Celestí II">Celestí II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Luci_II" title="Papa Luci II">Luci II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Eugeni_III" title="Papa Eugeni III">Eugeni III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Anastasi_IV" title="Papa Anastasi IV">Anastasi IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Adri%C3%A0_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Adrià IV">Adrià IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_III_(papa)" title="Alexandre III (papa)">Alexandre III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luci_III" title="Luci III">Luci III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Urb%C3%A0_III" title="Papa Urbà III">Urbà III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregori_VIII" title="Gregori VIII">Gregori VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Climent_III" title="Papa Climent III">Climent III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Celest%C3%AD_III" title="Papa Celestí III">Celestí III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Innocenci_III" title="Papa Innocenci III">Innocenci III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honori_III" title="Honori III">Honori III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregori_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Gregori IX">Gregori IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Celest%C3%AD_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Celestí IV">Celestí IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Innocenci_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Innocenci IV">Innocenci IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_IV" title="Alexandre IV">Alexandre IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Urb%C3%A0_IV" title="Papa Urbà IV">Urbà IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climent_IV" title="Climent IV">Climent IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregori_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Gregori X">Gregori X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenci_V" title="Innocenci V">Innocenci V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A0_V" title="Adrià V">Adrià V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_XXI" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Joan XXI">Joan XXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Nicolau_III" title="Papa Nicolau III">Nicolau III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%AD_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Martí IV">Martí IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honori_IV" title="Honori IV">Honori IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolau_IV" title="Nicolau IV">Nicolau IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Celest%C3%AD_V" title="Papa Celestí V">Celestí V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonifaci_VIII" title="Bonifaci VIII">Bonifaci VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benet_XI" title="Benet XI">Benet XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Climent_V" title="Papa Climent V">Climent V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Joan_XXII" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Joan XXII">Joan XXII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benet_XII" title="Benet XII">Benet XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Climent_VI" title="Papa Climent VI">Climent VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenci_VI" title="Innocenci VI">Innocenci VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Urb%C3%A0_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Urbà V">Urbà V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregori_XI" title="Papa Gregori XI">Gregori XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urb%C3%A0_VI" title="Urbà VI">Urbà VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Bonifaci_IX" title="Papa Bonifaci IX">Bonifaci IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Innocenci_VII" title="Papa Innocenci VII">Innocenci VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregori_XII" title="Papa Gregori XII">Gregori XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%AD_V" title="Martí V">Martí V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Eugeni_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Eugeni IV">Eugeni IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Nicolau_V" title="Papa Nicolau V">Nicolau V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calixt_III" title="Calixt III">Calixt III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_II" title="Pius II">Pius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Pau_II" title="Papa Pau II">Pau II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixt_IV" title="Sixt IV">Sixt IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Innocenci_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Innocenci VIII">Innocenci VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_VI" title="Alexandre VI">Alexandre VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_III" title="Pius III">Pius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Juli_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Juli II">Juli II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lle%C3%B3_X" title="Lleó X">Lleó X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Adri%C3%A0_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Adrià VI">Adrià VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climent_VII" title="Climent VII">Climent VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Pau_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Pau III">Pau III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juli_III" title="Juli III">Juli III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Marcel_II" title="Papa Marcel II">Marcel II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Pau_IV" title="Papa Pau IV">Pau IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";background:LightGoldenrodYellow"><div id="Des_de_la_Contrareforma_catòlica_(1560)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Des de la <a href="/wiki/Contrareforma" title="Contrareforma">Contrareforma</a> catòlica (<a href="/wiki/1560" title="1560">1560</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pius_IV" title="Pius IV">Pius IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_V" title="Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregori_XIII" title="Gregori XIII">Gregori XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Sixt_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Sixt V">Sixt V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urb%C3%A0_VII" title="Urbà VII">Urbà VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregori_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregori XIV">Gregori XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenci_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocenci IX">Innocenci IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climent_VIII" title="Climent VIII">Climent VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Lle%C3%B3_XI" title="Papa Lleó XI">Lleó XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Pau_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Pau V">Pau V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregori_XV" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Gregori XV">Gregori XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urb%C3%A0_VIII" title="Urbà VIII">Urbà VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenci_X" title="Innocenci X">Innocenci X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_VII" title="Alexandre VII">Alexandre VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Climent_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Climent IX">Climent IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Climent_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Climent X">Climent X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenci_XI" title="Innocenci XI">Innocenci XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_VIII" title="Alexandre VIII">Alexandre VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenci_XII" title="Innocenci XII">Innocenci XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climent_XI" title="Climent XI">Climent XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenci_XIII" title="Innocenci XIII">Innocenci XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benet_XIII_(papa)" title="Benet XIII (papa)">Benet XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climent_XII" title="Climent XII">Climent XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benet_XIV" title="Benet XIV">Benet XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climent_XIII" title="Climent XIII">Climent XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climent_XIV" title="Climent XIV">Climent XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_VI" title="Pius VI">Pius VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_VII" title="Pius VII">Pius VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lle%C3%B3_XII" title="Lleó XII">Lleó XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_VIII" title="Pius VIII">Pius VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregori_XVI" title="Gregori XVI">Gregori XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_IX" title="Pius IX">Pius IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lle%C3%B3_XIII" title="Lleó XIII">Lleó XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_X" title="Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benet_XV" title="Benet XV">Benet XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_XI" title="Pius XI">Pius XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_XII" title="Pius XII">Pius XII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";background:LightGoldenrodYellow"><div id="Des_del_Concili_Vaticà_II_(1959)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Des del <a href="/wiki/Concili_del_Vatic%C3%A0_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Concili del Vaticà II">Concili Vaticà II</a> (1959)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_XXIII" title="Joan XXIII">Joan XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_VI" title="Pau VI">Pau VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Pau_I" title="Joan Pau I">Joan Pau I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Pau_II" title="Joan Pau II">Joan Pau II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benet_XVI" title="Benet XVI">Benet XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Francesc" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Francesc">Francesc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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