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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:16.0em;border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#EEDC82;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anabaptism" title="Category:Anabaptism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#EEDC82;"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1685 illustration by Jan Luyken, published in Martyrs Mirror, of Dirk Willems saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near Asperen in the present-day Netherlands"><img alt="A 1685 illustration by Jan Luyken, published in Martyrs Mirror, of Dirk Willems saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near Asperen in the present-day Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg/220px-Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg/330px-Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg/440px-Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6594" data-file-height="5283" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">A 1685 illustration by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Luyken" title="Jan Luyken">Jan Luyken</a>, published in <i><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></i>, of <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Willems" title="Dirk Willems">Dirk Willems</a> saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near <a href="/wiki/Asperen" title="Asperen">Asperen</a> in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Doctrines and practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist_theology" title="Anabaptist theology">Theology of Anabaptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Believer%27s_baptism" title="Believer's baptism">Believer's baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Lovefeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonconformity_to_the_world" title="Nonconformity to the world">Nonconformity to the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonresistance" title="Nonresistance">Nonresistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">Priesthood of all believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of peace">Holy kiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunning" title="Shunning">Shunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_(meeting)" title="Singing (meeting)">Singings</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schleitheim_Confession" title="Schleitheim Confession">Schleitheim Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dordrecht_Confession_of_Faith" title="Dordrecht Confession of Faith">Dordrecht Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausbund" title="Ausbund">Ausbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key people</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Blaurock" title="George Blaurock">George Blaurock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Denck" title="Hans Denck">Hans Denck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Grebel" title="Conrad Grebel">Conrad Grebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Hoffman" title="Melchior Hoffman">Melchior Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Hubmaier" title="Balthasar Hubmaier">Balthasar Hubmaier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hut" title="Hans Hut">Hans Hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Hutter" title="Jakob Hutter">Jakob Hutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mack" title="Alexander Mack">Alexander Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Manz" title="Felix Manz">Felix Manz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgram_Marpeck" title="Pilgram Marpeck">Pilgram Marpeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Rink" title="Melchior Rink">Melchior Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sattler" title="Michael Sattler">Michael Sattler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menno_Simons" title="Menno Simons">Menno Simons</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Largest groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Christian_Church" title="Apostolic Christian Church">Apostolic Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brethren_in_Christ_Church" title="Brethren in Christ Church">Brethren in Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruderhof_Communities" title="Bruderhof Communities">Bruderhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonites" title="Conservative Mennonites">Conservative Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_World_Conference" title="Mennonite World Conference">Mennonite World Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_Brethren_Church" title="Mennonite Brethren Church">Mennonite Brethren</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Old Colony Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Order_Mennonite" title="Old Order Mennonite">Old Order Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Brethren" title="River Brethren">River Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mennonite">Russian Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Schwarzenau Brethren</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_True_Inspiration" title="Community of True Inspiration">Inspirationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Anabaptism" title="Neo-Anabaptism">Neo-Anabaptism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/17px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/26px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/33px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anabaptist_vertical" title="Template:Anabaptist vertical"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anabaptist_vertical" title="Template talk:Anabaptist vertical"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anabaptist_vertical" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anabaptist vertical"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Old Colony Mennonites</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>Altkolonier-Mennoniten</i>) are a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mennonite">Russian Mennonite</a> movement that descends from colonists who migrated from the <a href="/wiki/Chortitza_Colony" title="Chortitza Colony">Chortitza Colony</a> in modern Ukraine near Zaporizhia (itself originally of <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">Prussian</a> origins) to settlements in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. Theologically, Old Colony Mennonites are largely <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonites" title="Conservative Mennonites">conservative Mennonites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KraybillJohnson-WeinerNolt2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KraybillJohnson-WeinerNolt2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since Chortitza was the first Mennonite settlement in Russia (now modern <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>), it was known as the "Old Colony". In the course of the 19th century, the population of the Chortitza Colony multiplied, and daughter colonies were founded. Part of the settlement moved to Canada in the 1870s, and the Canadian community, whose church was officially known as the "Reinländer Mennoniten-Gemeinde", was still informally known by the old name.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When members of the Old Colony Mennonites then moved from Canada to other places, the name was kept and they were called that way. </p><p>"The Old Colony Mennonites represent one of the purest survivals of the <a href="/wiki/Brethren_(religious_group)" title="Brethren (religious group)">Brethren</a> or <a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</a> wing of the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>";<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are typically more conservative than most other Russian and Ukrainian Mennonites in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-OCM_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCM-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, Old Colony Mennonite communities could be found in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OCM_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCM-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2013, the vast majority of Old Colony Mennonites lived in <a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Mexico" title="Mennonites in Mexico">Mexico</a>, where about 60% of the 100,000 Mennonites were affiliated with the <i>Altkolonier Mennonitengemeinde</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Bolivia" title="Mennonites in Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, where about 75% of the 70,000 were affiliated with the <i>Altkolonier Mennonitengemeinde</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A smaller group lived in <a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Belize" title="Mennonites in Belize">Belize</a>, where about 50% of 10,000 were affiliated with the <i>Altkolonier Mennonitengemeinde</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smaller groups of Old Colony Mennonites also lived in Paraguay, Argentina, Canada, and the US. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Colony_Mennonites&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonites" title="Conservative Mennonites">Conservative Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Order_Mennonites" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Order Mennonites">Old Order Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinland,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Reinland, Manitoba">Reinland, Manitoba</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Colony_Mennonites&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KraybillJohnson-WeinerNolt2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KraybillJohnson-WeinerNolt2013_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKraybillJohnson-WeinerNolt2013" class="citation book cs1">Kraybill, Donald B.; Johnson-Weiner, Karen M.; Nolt, Steven M. (June 2013). <i>The Amish</i>. JHU Press. p. 421. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0914-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0914-6"><bdi>978-1-4214-0914-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amish&rft.pages=421&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2013-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4214-0914-6&rft.aulast=Kraybill&rft.aufirst=Donald+B.&rft.au=Johnson-Weiner%2C+Karen+M.&rft.au=Nolt%2C+Steven+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Colony+Mennonites" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/old_colony_mennonite_church.html">"Old Colony Mennonite Church"</a>. The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+Colony+Mennonite+Church&rft.pub=The+Encyclopedia+of+Saskatchewan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesask.uregina.ca%2Fentry%2Fold_colony_mennonite_church.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Colony+Mennonites" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/R4575.html">"Reinlander Mennoniten Gemeinde (Manitoba)"</a>. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reinlander+Mennoniten+Gemeinde+%28Manitoba%29&rft.pub=Global+Anabaptist+Mennonite+Encyclopedia+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gameo.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fcontents%2FR4575.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Colony+Mennonites" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConkin1970" class="citation journal cs1">Conkin, Paul K. (January 1, 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/12.1.156">"Book Review: The Old Colony Mennonites: Dilemmas of Ethnic Life. By Calvin Wall Redekop. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1969"</a>. <i>Journal of Church and State</i>. <b>12</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">156–</span>157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjcs%2F12.1.156">10.1093/jcs/12.1.156</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Church+and+State&rft.atitle=Book+Review%3A+The+Old+Colony+Mennonites%3A+Dilemmas+of+Ethnic+Life.+By+Calvin+Wall+Redekop.+Baltimore%3A+The+Johns+Hopkins+Press%2C+1969.&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E156-%3C%2Fspan%3E157&rft.date=1970-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjcs%2F12.1.156&rft.aulast=Conkin&rft.aufirst=Paul+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fjcs%2F12.1.156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Colony+Mennonites" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OCM-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OCM_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCM_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/O533ME.html">"Old Colony Mennonites"</a>. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+Colony+Mennonites&rft.pub=Global+Anabaptist+Mennonite+Encyclopedia+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gameo.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fcontents%2FO533ME.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Colony+Mennonites" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fretz, J. Winfield and H. Leonard Sawatzky. "Mexico." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. November 2010. Web. 23 Sep 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Mexico&oldid=121989">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bender, Harold S., Martin W. Friesen, Menno Ediger, Isbrand Hiebert and Gerald Mumaw. "Bolivia." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. June 2013. Web. 23 Sep 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Bolivia&oldid=122239">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gingerich, Melvin and John B. Loewen. "Belize." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. May 2013. Web. 23 Sep 2014.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Belize&oldid=122447">[3]</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Colony_Mennonites&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Huttner, Jakob: <i>Zwischen Eigen-art und Wirk-lichkeit : Die Altkolonie-Mennoniten im bolivianischen Chaco</i>. Berlin 2012.</li> <li>Schartner, Sieghard and Schartner, Sylvia: <i>Bolivien : Zufluchtsort der konservativen Mennoniten</i>. Asunción 2009.</li> <li>Cañás Bottos, Lorenzo: <i>Old Colony Mennonites in Argentina and Bolivia : Nation Making, Religious Conflict and Imagination of the Future</i>. Leiden et al. 2008.</li> <li>Hedberg, Anna Sofia: <i>Outside the world : Cohesion and Deviation among Old Colony Mennonites in Bolivia</i>. Uppsala 2007.</li> <li>Will, Martina E.: <i>The Old Colony Mennonite Colonization of Chihuahua and the Obregón Administration's Vision for the * Nation</i>, San Diego 1993.</li> <li>Redekop, Calvin Wall: <i>Old Colony Mennonites: Dilemmas of Ethnic Minority Life</i>, Baltimore 1969.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output 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Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Belize" title="Mennonites in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Bolivia" title="Mennonites in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Colombia" title="Mennonites in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_El_Salvador" title="Mennonites in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonites in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Mexico" title="Mennonites in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_the_Netherlands" title="Mennonites in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Paraguay" title="Mennonites in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Peru" title="Mennonites in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Uruguay" title="Mennonites in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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