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.desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Invasion of Tobago</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prise_de_Tobago_1781_par_les_Francais.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Prise_de_Tobago_1781_par_les_Francais.jpg/300px-Prise_de_Tobago_1781_par_les_Francais.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Prise_de_Tobago_1781_par_les_Francais.jpg/450px-Prise_de_Tobago_1781_par_les_Francais.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Prise_de_Tobago_1781_par_les_Francais.jpg/600px-Prise_de_Tobago_1781_par_les_Francais.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="607" /></a></span><br />French depiction of the invasion</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>24 May–2 June 1781</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Lucia">St. Lucia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> French victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/George_Brydges_Rodney,_1st_Baron_Rodney" class="mw-redirect" title="George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney">George Brydges Rodney</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_Ferguson_(Lt_Governor_of_Tobago)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Ferguson (Lt Governor of Tobago)">George Ferguson</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anthony_St_Leger_(British_Army_officer)" title="Anthony St Leger (British Army officer)">Anthony St Leger</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Francis_Samuel_Drake" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Samuel Drake">Francis Samuel Drake</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Paul_de_Grasse" title="François Joseph Paul de Grasse">Comte de Grasse</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Claude_Amour,_marquis_de_Bouill%C3%A9" title="François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé">Marquis de Bouillé</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Philibert_Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouxel_de_Blanchelande" title="Philibert François Rouxel de Blanchelande">Philibert François Rouxel de Blanchelande</a><br />Albert de Rions</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 800 regulars and militia<br />6 ships of the line</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 4,500 troops<br />24 ships of the line</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 800<br />Unknown troops lost to heat or captured, the rest surrendered<br />1 ship of the line lost</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 46 killed<br />105 wounded</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_American_War_of_Independence:_West_Indies" title="Template:Campaignbox American War of Independence: West Indies"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_American_War_of_Independence:_West_Indies" title="Template talk:Campaignbox American War of Independence: West Indies"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_American_War_of_Independence:_West_Indies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox American War of Independence: West Indies"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="AmericanRevolutionary_War:West_Indies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American<br />Revolutionary War</a>:<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Nassau">1st Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Barbados" title="Battle off Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Dominica_(1778)" title="Invasion of Dominica (1778)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Lucia" title="Battle of St. Lucia">1st St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_St._Lucia" title="Capture of St. Lucia">2nd St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saint_Vincent" title="Capture of Saint Vincent">Saint Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Grenada_(1779)" title="Capture of Grenada (1779)">1st Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grenada" title="Battle of Grenada">2nd Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_R%C3%ADo_Hondo" title="Capture of Río Hondo">Río Hondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Cayo_Cocina" title="Capture of Cayo Cocina">Cayo Cocina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Fernando_de_Omoa" title="Battle of San Fernando de Omoa">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_12_December_1779" title="Action of 12 December 1779">12 December 1779</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martinique_(1779)" title="Battle of Martinique (1779)">1st Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadeloupe_(1779)" title="Battle of Guadeloupe (1779)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martinique_(1780)" title="Battle of Martinique (1780)">2nd Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Expedition_(1780)" title="San Juan Expedition (1780)">Fort San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch West Indies campaign">Dutch West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Essequibo_and_Demerara_(1781)" title="Raid on Essequibo and Demerara (1781)">1st Demerara & Essequibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Sint_Eustatius" title="Capture of Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Royal" title="Battle of Fort Royal">Fort Royal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_15_January_1782" title="Action of 15 January 1782">15 January 1782</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Brimstone_Hill" title="Siege of Brimstone Hill">Brimstone Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Kitts" title="Battle of Saint Kitts">Frigate Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Demerara_and_Essequibo" title="Capture of Demerara and Essequibo">2nd Demerara & Essequibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Montserrat" title="Capture of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roat%C3%A1n" title="Battle of Roatán">Roatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saintes" title="Battle of the Saintes">The Saintes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mona_Passage" title="Battle of the Mona Passage">Mona Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Black_River" title="Battle of the Black River">Black River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Bahamas_(1782)" title="Capture of the Bahamas (1782)">2nd Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_18_October_1782" title="Action of 18 October 1782">18 October 1782</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_6_December_1782" title="Action of 6 December 1782">6 December 1782</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_2_January_1783" title="Action of 2 January 1783">2 January 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_15_February_1783" title="Action of 15 February 1783">15 February 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_17_February_1783" title="Action of 17 February 1783">17 February 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Turk" title="Battle of Grand Turk">Turks and Caicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Bahamas_(1783)" title="Capture of the Bahamas (1783)">3rd Nassau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_Involving_France1778–1783" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_Involving_France" title="Template:Campaignbox Battles of the American Revolutionary War Involving France"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_Involving_France" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Battles of the American Revolutionary War Involving France"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_Involving_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Battles of the American Revolutionary War Involving France"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_Involving_France1778–1783" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Battles of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War"><span class="wrap">American Revolutionary War</span></a> Involving France<br />1778–1783</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Europe and Mediterranean</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_17_June_1778" title="Action of 17 June 1778">17 June 1778</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ushant_(1778)" title="Battle of Ushant (1778)">1st Ushant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_20_October_1778" title="Action of 20 October 1778">20 October 1778</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_11_September_1778" title="Action of 11 September 1778">11 September 1778</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Jersey_(1779)" class="mw-redirect" title="French invasion of Jersey (1779)">1st Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_May_1779" title="Action of 13 May 1779">13 May 1779</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armada_of_1779" title="Armada of 1779">English Channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_17_August_1779" title="Action of 17 August 1779">Plymouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flamborough_Head" title="Battle of Flamborough Head">Flamborough Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_6_October_1779" title="Action of 6 October 1779">6 October 1779</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_15_June_1780" title="Action of 15 June 1780">15 June 1780</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_9_August_1780" title="Action of 9 August 1780">Cape Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_10_August_1780" title="Action of 10 August 1780">10 August 1780</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_August_1780" title="Action of 13 August 1780">13 August 1780</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_4_January_1781" title="Action of 4 January 1781">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jersey" title="Battle of Jersey">2nd Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Minorca_(1781)" title="Invasion of Minorca (1781)">Minorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ushant_(1781)" title="Battle of Ushant (1781)">2nd Ushant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ushant_(1782)" title="Battle of Ushant (1782)">3rd Ushant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_4_September_1782" title="Action of 4 September 1782">Île-de-Batz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Spartel" title="Battle of Cape Spartel">Cape Spartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_12_December_1782" title="Action of 12 December 1782">Ferrol</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Atlantic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_24_February_1780" title="Action of 24 February 1780">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_30_September_1780" title="Action of 30 September 1780">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Porto_Praya" title="Battle of Porto Praya">Porto Praya</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Caribbean</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Dominica_(1778)" title="Invasion of Dominica (1778)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Lucia" title="Battle of St. Lucia">1st St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_St._Lucia" title="Capture of St. Lucia">2nd St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saint_Vincent" title="Capture of Saint Vincent">Saint Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Grenada_(1779)" title="Capture of Grenada (1779)">1st Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grenada" title="Battle of Grenada">2nd Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martinique_(1779)" title="Battle of Martinique (1779)">1st Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadeloupe_(1779)" title="Battle of Guadeloupe (1779)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martinique_(1780)" title="Battle of Martinique (1780)">2nd Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Royal" title="Battle of Fort Royal">Fort Royal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Brimstone_Hill" title="Siege of Brimstone Hill">Brimstone Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Kitts" title="Battle of Saint Kitts">Frigate Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Demerara_and_Essequibo" title="Capture of Demerara and Essequibo">Demerara & Essequibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Montserrat" title="Capture of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saintes" title="Battle of the Saintes">The Saintes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mona_Passage" title="Battle of the Mona Passage">Mona Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_18_October_1782" title="Action of 18 October 1782">18 October 1782</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_6_December_1782" title="Action of 6 December 1782">6 December 1782</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_15_February_1783" title="Action of 15 February 1783">15 February 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Turk" title="Battle of Grand Turk">Grand Turk</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>North America</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhode_Island" title="Battle of Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_11_September_1779" title="Action of 11 September 1779">Charles Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Savannah" title="Siege of Savannah">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_7_June_1780" title="Action of 7 June 1780">1st Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Henry" title="Battle of Cape Henry">Cape Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_21_July_1781" title="Action of 21 July 1781">Cape Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_2_September_1781" title="Action of 2 September 1781">Cape Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chesapeake" title="Battle of the Chesapeake">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Yorktown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay_expedition" title="Hudson Bay expedition">Hudson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_5_September_1782" title="Action of 5 September 1782">2nd Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_15_September_1782" title="Action of 15 September 1782">Delaware Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_22_January_1783" title="Action of 22 January 1783">2nd Chesapeake</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>East Indies</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pondicherry_(1778)" title="Siege of Pondicherry (1778)">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadras" title="Battle of Sadras">Sadras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Providien" title="Battle of Providien">Providien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Negapatam_(1782)" title="Battle of Negapatam (1782)">Negapatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_12_August_1782" title="Action of 12 August 1782">Batticaloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_10_September_1782" title="Action of 10 September 1782">Pisang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trincomalee" title="Battle of Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cuddalore" title="Siege of Cuddalore">1st Cuddalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cuddalore_(1783)" title="Battle of Cuddalore (1783)">2nd Cuddalore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Invasion of Tobago</b> was a French invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a>-held island of <a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_War_(1778%E2%80%9383)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-French War (1778–83)">Anglo-French War</a>. On 24 May 1781, the fleet of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Paul_de_Grasse" title="François Joseph Paul de Grasse">Comte de Grasse</a> landed troops on the island under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Claude_Amour,_marquis_de_Bouill%C3%A9" title="François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé">Marquis de Bouillé</a>. By 2 June 1781, they had successfully gained control of the island. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_of_Tobago&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Royal" title="Battle of Fort Royal">Battle of Fort Royal</a>, Hood's retreat had left Santa Lucia exposed to a French invasion. Additionally, two French ships of the line and 1300 troops sailed from Martinique against Tobago.<sup id="cite_ref-atm_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Grasse met with Martinique's governor, Marquis de Bouillé, and developed a plan for capturing Tobago. The French forces were to be divided, with one convoy accompanied by a small number of battle ships to head for Tobago, with the rest of the forces to land on <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a> as a diversion. The forces used in the diversion would then be withdrawn and sent to Tobago, reinforcing the first convoy. </p><p>Led by de Bouillé and accompanied by de Grasse, the St. Lucia division withdrew from Martinique on 8 May 1781. The Tobago-bound division, led by <a href="/wiki/Philibert_Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouxel_de_Blanchelande" title="Philibert François Rouxel de Blanchelande">Blanchelande</a> and accompanied by two ships of the line and a number of frigates, departed on 9 May 1781. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attack_on_St._Lucia">Attack on St. Lucia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_of_Tobago&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attack on St. Lucia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bouillé's force, numbering between 1,200 and 1,500, landed at <a href="/wiki/Gros_Islet" title="Gros Islet">Gros Islet</a>, a village at the northern tip of St. Lucia, early on 10 May. They surprised the small British garrison there, taking about 100 prisoners and seizing military supplies. This prompted General <a href="/wiki/Anthony_St_Leger_(British_Army_officer)" title="Anthony St Leger (British Army officer)">Anthony St Leger</a>, the island's lieutenant governor, to organise the defence of <a href="/wiki/Castries" title="Castries">Castries</a> and fortify the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Morne_Fortune" title="Morne Fortune">Morne Fortune</a> above that port. </p><p>However, the defenses Rodney had erected on <a href="/wiki/Pigeon_Island_(Saint_Lucia)" title="Pigeon Island (Saint Lucia)">Pigeon Island</a> ensured the French invasion was a failure. De Grasse returned to Martinique, but promptly departed for Tobago on 25 May. On the 29th, Rodney dispatched a squadron six ships of the line, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Samuel_Drake,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Samuel Drake, 1st Baronet">Admiral Francis Samuel Drake</a>, to help defend Tobago.<sup id="cite_ref-atm_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invasion_of_Tobago">Invasion of Tobago</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_of_Tobago&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Invasion of Tobago"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 24 May, the detachment of General Blanchelande arrived at Tobago. Under cover fire from the <i>Pluton</i> and the <i>Experiment</i>, his troops landed near the port of <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarborough, Tobago">Scarborough</a>. They quickly overran the town's forts, and Governor <a href="/wiki/George_Ferguson_(Lt_Governor_of_Tobago)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Ferguson (Lt Governor of Tobago)">George Ferguson</a> led his remaining forces into the hills. These forces, three to four hundred regulars and four to five hundred militia, established a strong position fortified by cannons on the interior ridge. Blanchelande followed, but decided to wait for reinforcements rather than attack the position. De Grasse then landed troops on both sides of the island the next day, and Bouillé made a junction with Blanchelande outside the British line of defence. They decided to attack the next day. With the arrival of French reinforcements, Ferguson decided to abandon his position, and began a retreat that night. </p><p>On 30 May, de Grasse and Drake encountered each other, but Drake retreated, and arrived back in Barbados on 3 June. Rodney then sailed for Tobago with his entire fleet. On 4 June, Rodney arrived off Tobago, only to learn the island had been captured on 2 June.<sup id="cite_ref-atm_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_of_Tobago&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 June, Rodney, returning to Barbados, spotted de Grasse's fleet. Rodney was to windward, with 20 ships against 23, but decided to avoid action, fearing the currents could possibly put him between St. Vincent and Grenada, exposing Barbados.<sup id="cite_ref-atm_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Ferguson reached <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, he and Rodney engaged in a highly public war of words over Rodney's failure to relieve the island in a timely manner. </p><p>De Grasse returned to Martinique, then on 5 July, sailed for <a href="/wiki/Cap-Fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap-Français">Cap-Français</a>, reaching it on 26 July. Awaiting him were dispatches from <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur,_comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau">Rochambeau</a>, requesting he bring his French fleet to <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a> or New York. De Grasse's fleet then played a pivotal part in the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chesapeake" title="Battle of the Chesapeake">Battle of the Chesapeake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-atm_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island of Tobago remained in French hands under the terms of the 1783 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a> that ended the war; it was again fought over during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, and fell definitively under British control with the 1814 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">Treaty of Paris</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_of_Tobago&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-atm-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atm_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atm_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atm_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atm_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atm_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMahan1969" class="citation book cs1">Mahan, A. T. (1969). <i>The Major Operations of the Navies in the War of American Independence</i>. New York: Greenwood Press. pp. 167–168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Major+Operations+of+the+Navies+in+the+War+of+American+Independence&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=167-168&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Mahan&rft.aufirst=A.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvasion+of+Tobago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_reading">Additional reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_of_Tobago&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Additional reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>De Grasse, François Joseph Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aO0_AAAAYAAJ&q=April+1781&pg=PA191"><i>The Operations of the French fleet under the Count de Grasse in 1781-2</i></a></li> <li>Colomb, Philip Howard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Im0gAAAAMAAJ&dq=bouille+grasse+tobago&pg=PA393"><i>Naval warfare, its ruling principles and practice historically treated</i></a></li> <li>Lewis, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oqynuYSFNpEC&q=Bouille&pg=PA113"><i>Admiral de Grasse and American Independence</i></a></li> <li>Southey, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Fg6AAAAcAAJ&dq=Tobago+Ferguson+1781+French&pg=PA505"><i>Chronological history of the West Indies: in Three Volumes</i> Volume 2</a> (contains Governor Ferguson's statement on the invasion)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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href="/wiki/Dutch_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Dutch colonization of the Americas">Dutch colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curonian_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Curonian colonization of the Americas">Curonian colonization</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French invasion of Tobago (1781)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Trinidad_(1797)" title="Invasion of Trinidad (1797)">British invasion of Trinidad (1797)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_Independence_Act_1962" title="Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962">Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_unrest_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Social unrest in Trinidad and Tobago">Social unrest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Geography of Trinidad and 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