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<li id="toc-Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign_of_Stefan_Dušan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign_of_Stefan_Dušan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Reign of Stefan Dušan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reign_of_Stefan_Dušan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Expansion_into_Bosnia_and_Dalmatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_into_Bosnia_and_Dalmatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Expansion into Bosnia and Dalmatia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion_into_Bosnia_and_Dalmatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign_of_Stefan_Uroš_V" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign_of_Stefan_Uroš_V"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Reign of Stefan Uroš V</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reign_of_Stefan_Uroš_V-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aftermath and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>State insignia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-State_insignia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle State insignia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-State_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Education and arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Serbian Empire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الإمبراطورية الصربية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطورية الصربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiu_serbiu" title="Imperiu serbiu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperiu serbiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Сербскае царства – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сербскае царства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сръбско царство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сръбско царство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_Serbi" title="Imperi Serbi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imperi Serbi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbsk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Srbská říše – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Srbská říše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarriget_Serbien" title="Zarriget Serbien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zarriget Serbien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbisches_Reich" title="Serbisches Reich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Serbisches Reich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_tsaaririik" title="Serbia tsaaririik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Serbia tsaaririik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σερβική Αυτοκρατορία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σερβική Αυτοκρατορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_serbio" title="Imperio serbio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio serbio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbiar_Inperioa" title="Serbiar Inperioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Serbiar Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="امپراتوری صرب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری صرب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_serbe" title="Empire serbe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empire serbe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_serbio" title="Imperio serbio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imperio serbio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%A5%B4%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="세르비아 제국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세르비아 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srpsko_Carstvo" title="Srpsko Carstvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Srpsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Serbia" title="Kekaisaran Serbia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekaisaran Serbia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_serbo" title="Impero serbo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero serbo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სერბეთის იმპერია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სერბეთის იმპერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbijas_cariste" title="Serbijas cariste – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Serbijas cariste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbijos_imperija" title="Serbijos imperija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Serbijos imperija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Српско Царство – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Српско Царство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizerrijk_Servi%C3%AB" title="Keizerrijk Servië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keizerrijk Servië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="セルビア帝国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セルビア帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstwo_Serbskie" title="Carstwo Serbskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Carstwo Serbskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_S%C3%A9rvio" title="Império Sérvio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império Sérvio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%9Aaratul_S%C3%A2rb" title="Țaratul Sârb – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Țaratul Sârb" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сербо-Греческое царство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сербо-Греческое царство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perandoria_Serbe" title="Perandoria Serbe – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perandoria Serbe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbsko_cesarstvo" title="Srbsko cesarstvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Srbsko cesarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Српско царство – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Српско царство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1anovo_Carstvo" title="Dušanovo Carstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dušanovo Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Serbian Empire</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr-Cyrl">Српско царство</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr-Latn">Srpsko carstvo</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1346–1371</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire,_reconstruction.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Serbia"><img alt="Flag of Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div><div style="padding: 2px 0px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg/80px-Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg/120px-Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg/160px-Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div>Top: Flag (mid-14th century)<br />Bottom: Personal banner (<i><a href="/wiki/Divellion" title="Divellion">divellion</a></i>) of emperor <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Dušan</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Nemanic_Dynasty.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of Nemanjić dynasty Imperial arms (alternate) of Serbia"><img alt="Royal arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Nemanic_Dynasty.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Nemanic_Dynasty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Nemanic_Dynasty.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Nemanic_Dynasty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Nemanic_Dynasty.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Nemanic_Dynasty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty" title="Nemanjić dynasty">Arms of Nemanjić dynasty</a><div style="padding:3px 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial arms"><img alt="Imperial arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbia_%28medieval%29.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbia_%28medieval%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbia_%28medieval%29.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbia_%28medieval%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbia_%28medieval%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbia_%28medieval%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></div><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Eagle">Imperial arms</a> (alternate)</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SerbiaEmpire1355.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SerbiaEmpire1355.jpg/250px-SerbiaEmpire1355.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SerbiaEmpire1355.jpg/375px-SerbiaEmpire1355.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SerbiaEmpire1355.jpg/500px-SerbiaEmpire1355.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4324" data-file-height="6218" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prizren" title="Prizren">Prizren</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Serres" title="Serres">Serres</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> (official)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Romanian" title="Common Romanian">Common Romanian</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodoxy</a>) (<a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serb</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_Serbs" title="Emperor of the Serbs">Emperor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1346–1355 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1355–1371 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_V" title="Stefan Uroš V">Stefan Uroš V</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Coronation of <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 April 1346</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Dušan's Code">Enaction of the Dušan's Code</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 May 1349</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Serbian_nobility_conflict_(1369)" title="Serbian nobility conflict (1369)">Serbian nobility conflict</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1369</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Serbian_Empire" title="Fall of the Serbian Empire">Empire collapses</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">4 December 1371</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_perper" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian perper">Serbian perper</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom of Serbia</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Serbia" title="Moravian Serbia">Moravian Serbia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Moravian_Serbia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Moravian_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Moravian_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moravian_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Moravian_Serbia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Moravian_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/District_of_Brankovi%C4%87" title="District of Branković">District of Branković</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Royal_banner_of_Brankovi%C4%87_family.svg/20px-Royal_banner_of_Brankovi%C4%87_family.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Royal_banner_of_Brankovi%C4%87_family.svg/30px-Royal_banner_of_Brankovi%C4%87_family.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Royal_banner_of_Brankovi%C4%87_family.svg/40px-Royal_banner_of_Brankovi%C4%87_family.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Zeta_under_the_Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87i" title="Zeta under the Balšići">Zeta under the Balšići</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Balsic_small_COA.svg/20px-Balsic_small_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Balsic_small_COA.svg/30px-Balsic_small_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Balsic_small_COA.svg/40px-Balsic_small_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="490" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Prilep" title="Lordship of Prilep">Lordship of Prilep</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Royal_banner_of_Mrnjav%C4%8Devi%C4%87_family.svg/20px-Royal_banner_of_Mrnjav%C4%8Devi%C4%87_family.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Royal_banner_of_Mrnjav%C4%8Devi%C4%87_family.svg/30px-Royal_banner_of_Mrnjav%C4%8Devi%C4%87_family.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Royal_banner_of_Mrnjav%C4%8Devi%C4%87_family.svg/40px-Royal_banner_of_Mrnjav%C4%8Devi%C4%87_family.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Domain_of_the_Dejanovi%C4%87_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain of the Dejanović family">Dejanović domain</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Zegligovic_Coat_of_Arms.png/20px-Zegligovic_Coat_of_Arms.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Zegligovic_Coat_of_Arms.png/30px-Zegligovic_Coat_of_Arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Zegligovic_Coat_of_Arms.png/40px-Zegligovic_Coat_of_Arms.png 2x" data-file-width="1027" data-file-height="1087" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Vojinovi%C4%87_noble_family" title="Vojinović noble family">Vojinović domain</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Vojinovi%C4%87_coat_of_arms.png/20px-Vojinovi%C4%87_coat_of_arms.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Vojinovi%C4%87_coat_of_arms.png/30px-Vojinovi%C4%87_coat_of_arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Vojinovi%C4%87_coat_of_arms.png/40px-Vojinovi%C4%87_coat_of_arms.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1275" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Despotate of Epirus</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty_coat_of_arms%2C_Palavestra.jpg/20px-Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty_coat_of_arms%2C_Palavestra.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty_coat_of_arms%2C_Palavestra.jpg/30px-Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty_coat_of_arms%2C_Palavestra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty_coat_of_arms%2C_Palavestra.jpg/40px-Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty_coat_of_arms%2C_Palavestra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="284" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty_coat_of_arms%2C_Palavestra.jpg/20px-Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty_coat_of_arms%2C_Palavestra.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty_coat_of_arms%2C_Palavestra.jpg/30px-Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty_coat_of_arms%2C_Palavestra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty_coat_of_arms%2C_Palavestra.jpg/40px-Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty_coat_of_arms%2C_Palavestra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="284" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Serbian Empire</b> (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr"><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr-Cyrl">Српско царство</span></span> / <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr-Latn">Srpsko carstvo</i></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[sr̩̂pskoː<span class="wrap"> </span>tsâːrstʋo]</a></span>) was a <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> Serbian state that emerged from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom of Serbia</a>. It was established in 1346 by <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Dušan the Mighty</a>, who significantly expanded the state. </p><p>During Dušan's rule, Serbia was the most powerful state in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a> and one of the most powerful European states.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> multi-ethnic and multi-lingual empire that stretched from the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> in the north to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Corinth" title="Gulf of Corinth">Gulf of Corinth</a> in the south, with its capital in <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also promoted the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Archbishopric</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Patriarchate_of_Pe%C4%87" title="Serbian Patriarchate of Peć">Serbian Patriarchate</a>. His son and successor, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_V" title="Stefan Uroš V">Uroš the Weak</a>, lost most of the territory conquered by Dušan, hence his epithet. </p><p>The Serbian Empire effectively ended with the death of Uroš V in 1371 and <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Serbian_Empire" title="Fall of the Serbian Empire">the break-up of the Serbian state</a>. Some successors of Stefan V claimed the title of <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Emperor">Emperor</a> in parts of Serbia until 1402, but the territory in Greece was never recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDvornik1962111–114_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDvornik1962111–114-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994286–382_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994286–382-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200463–80_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200463–80-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1341%E2%80%931347" title="Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347">Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a> was the son of the Serbian king <a href="/wiki/Stefan_De%C4%8Danski" title="Stefan Dečanski">Stefan Dečanski</a> (r. 1322–1331). After his father's accession to the throne, Dušan was awarded with the title of "young king". Although this title bore significant power in medieval Serbia, Stefan wanted his younger son, <a href="/wiki/Simeon_Uro%C5%A1" title="Simeon Uroš">Simeon Uroš</a>, to inherit him instead of Dušan. However, Dušan had significant support from the major part of the Serbian nobility, including the Serbian <a href="/wiki/Danilo_II,_Serbian_Archbishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Danilo II, Serbian Archbishop">archbishop Danilo</a>, and some of the king's most trusted generals, such as <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Oliver" title="Jovan Oliver">Jovan Oliver Grčinić</a>. Tensions slowly rose between the king and his son, especially after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velbazhd" title="Battle of Velbazhd">battle of Velbužd</a>, where Dušan showed his military capabilities, and they seem to have culminated when king Stefan raided <a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Zeta</a>, a province in Serbia where Dušan ruled autonomously, being a tradition of Serbian heirs to rule this province. Advised by the nobility, Dušan later marched from Zeta to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nerodimlje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nerodimlje (page does not exist)">Nerodimlje</a>, where he besieged his father and forced him to surrender the throne. Stefan was later imprisoned in the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Zve%C4%8Dan_Fortress" title="Zvečan Fortress">Zvečan</a>, where he died. </p><p>In 1333, <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an" title="Dušan">Dušan</a> launched a large attack on the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine empire</a>, at the time ruled by the ambitious emperor <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos">Andronikos III Palaiologos</a>, with the help of a deserted Byzantine general, <a href="/wiki/Syrgiannes_Palaiologos" title="Syrgiannes Palaiologos">Syrgian</a>. Dušan quickly conquered the cities of <a href="/wiki/Ohrid" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prilep" title="Prilep">Prilep</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kastoria" title="Kastoria">Kastoria</a>, and attempted to besiege <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessalonica</a> in 1334, but was prevented conquering the city by the death of Syrgian, who had been assassinated by a Byzantine spy. Syrgian was a key figure in Dušan's army, as he had earned a great reputation in Greece, convincing Greek citizens to surrender cities rather than fight Dušan's armies. </p><p>By 1345, Dušan <i>the Mighty</i> had expanded his state to cover half of the Balkans, more territory than either the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a> in that time. Therefore, in 1345, in <a href="/wiki/Serres,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Serres, Greece">Serres</a>, Dušan proclaimed himself "<i><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></i>" ("Caesar").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994309_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994309-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 April 1346, in <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> (former <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian</a> capital), he had himself crowned "<a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_Serbs_and_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks">Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks</a>", a title signifying a claim to succession of the Byzantine Empire. The ceremony was performed by the newly elevated <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Patriarch</a> <a href="/wiki/Joanikije_II" title="Joanikije II">Joanikije II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Patriarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Patriarchate">Bulgarian Patriarch</a> Simeon, and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Ohrid" title="Nicholas I of Ohrid">Nicholas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Ohrid" title="Archbishop of Ohrid">Archbishop of Ohrid</a>. At the same time, Dušan had his son <a href="/wiki/Uro%C5%A1_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Uroš V">Uroš</a> crowned as <i>King of Serbs and Greeks</i>, giving him nominal rule over the <i>Serbian lands</i>, although Dušan was governing the whole state, with special responsibility for the newly acquired Roman (Byzantine) lands. These actions, which the Byzantines received with indignation, appear to have been supported by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Alexander_of_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria">Ivan Alexander</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of Bulgaria">Patriarch of Bulgaria</a> Simeon had participated in both the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Patriarchate_of_Pe%C4%87" title="Serbian Patriarchate of Peć">Serbian Patriarchate of Peć</a> and the imperial coronation of Stefan Uroš IV Dušan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994309–310_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994309–310-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dushan made marriage alliance with <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian</a> tsar <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Alexander_of_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria">Ivan Alexander</a>, marrying his sister <a href="/wiki/Helena_of_Bulgaria,_Empress_of_Serbia" title="Helena of Bulgaria, Empress of Serbia">Helena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956468_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956468-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994309_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994309-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reign_of_Stefan_Dušan"><span id="Reign_of_Stefan_Du.C5.A1an"></span>Reign of Stefan Dušan</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_Emperor_Stefan_Du%C5%A1an,_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Serbian_Emperor_Stefan_Du%C5%A1an%2C_cropped.jpg/200px-Serbian_Emperor_Stefan_Du%C5%A1an%2C_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Serbian_Emperor_Stefan_Du%C5%A1an%2C_cropped.jpg/300px-Serbian_Emperor_Stefan_Du%C5%A1an%2C_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Serbian_Emperor_Stefan_Du%C5%A1an%2C_cropped.jpg/400px-Serbian_Emperor_Stefan_Du%C5%A1an%2C_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="866" /></a><figcaption>Serbian Emperor <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skopje_Fortress_(9451263327).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Skopje_Fortress_%289451263327%29.jpg/200px-Skopje_Fortress_%289451263327%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Skopje_Fortress_%289451263327%29.jpg/300px-Skopje_Fortress_%289451263327%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Skopje_Fortress_%289451263327%29.jpg/400px-Skopje_Fortress_%289451263327%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Skopje_Fortress" title="Skopje Fortress">Skopje Fortress</a>, where Dušan adopted the title of Emperor at his coronation</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaljaja1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kaljaja1.jpg/200px-Kaljaja1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kaljaja1.jpg/300px-Kaljaja1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kaljaja1.jpg/400px-Kaljaja1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Main Gate of the <a href="/wiki/Prizren_Fortress" title="Prizren Fortress">Fortress</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prizren" title="Prizren">Prizren</a>, which was one of the cities of the Empire</figcaption></figure> <p>Tsar Dušan doubled the size of Serbian state, seizing territories in all directions, especially south and southeast. Serbia held parts of modern <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, Moravian Serbia, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, Zeta, modern <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, modern <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, and half of modern <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. He did not fight a single field battle, instead winning his empire by besieging cities. Dušan undertook a campaign against the Byzantine Empire, which was attempting to avert a deteriorating situation after the destruction caused by the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a>. Dušan swiftly seized <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a>, Albania, Epirus, and most of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>. </p><p>After besieging the emperor at <a href="/wiki/Salonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonica">Salonica</a> in 1340, he imposed a treaty assuring Serbia sovereignty over regions extending from the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Corinth" title="Gulf of Corinth">Gulf of Corinth</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Maritsa" title="Maritsa">Maritsa</a> river, and including parts of southern <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Bulgaria</a> up to the environs of <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Adrianople</a>. Bulgaria had never fully recovered since its defeat by the Serbs at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velbazhd" title="Battle of Velbazhd">Battle of Velbazhd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outcome of the battle shaped the balance of power in the Balkans for the next decades to come and although Bulgaria did not lose territory, the Serbs could occupy much of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994272_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994272-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Alexander_of_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria">Ivan Alexander</a>, whose sister <a href="/wiki/Helena_of_Bulgaria,_Empress_of_Serbia" title="Helena of Bulgaria, Empress of Serbia">Helena</a> Dušan later married, became his ally between 1332 and 1365.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994274_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994274-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dušan ruled over major central part of the Balkan peninsula. He gave sanctuary to the former regent of the Byzantine Empire, <a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a>, in revolt against the government, and agreed to an alliance. </p><p>In 1349 and 1354, Dušan enacted a set of laws known as <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Dušan's Code">Dušan's Code</a>. The Code was based on <a href="/wiki/Roman_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Law">Roman</a>-<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_law" title="Byzantine law">Byzantine law</a> and the first Serbian <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Sava%27s_Nomocanon" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Sava's Nomocanon">St. Sava's Nomocanon</a> (1219). It was a <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a> system, based on the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Councils" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical Councils">Ecumenical Councils</a>, for the functioning of the state and the Serbian Orthodox Church. In 1355, Dušan began military preparations for new campaigns in the south and east, but suddenly died of an unknown illness in December 1355.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200475_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200475-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Expansion_into_Bosnia_and_Dalmatia">Expansion into Bosnia and Dalmatia</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Serbia" title="Category:History of Serbia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia" title="History of Serbia">History of <span class="fn org label">Serbia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Balkans, Byzantine Empire and Anatolia, 1355. -- Velhagen & Klasing atlas of history, Berlin 1931 (english version)"><img alt="Map of Balkans, Byzantine Empire and Anatolia, 1355. -- Velhagen & Klasing atlas of history, Berlin 1931 (english version)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg/230px-Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg/345px-Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg/460px-Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Centuries_in_Serbia" title="Category:Centuries in Serbia">By century</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_century_in_Serbia" title="9th century in Serbia">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_century_in_Serbia" title="10th century in Serbia">10th</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Prehistory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Paleolithic" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Mesolithic" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Mesolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Neolithic" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Bronze_Age" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Iron_Age" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Iron Age</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Ancient_tribes" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Pre-Roman</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autariatae" title="Autariatae">Autariatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardani" title="Dardani">Dardani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triballi" title="Triballi">Triballi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesi" title="Moesi">Moesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scordisci" title="Scordisci">Scordisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Roman_heritage_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman heritage in Serbia">Early Roman</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Inferior" title="Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Aureliana" title="Dacia Aureliana">Dacia Aureliana</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Roman_heritage_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman heritage in Serbia">Late Roman</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Prima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Mediterranea" title="Dacia Mediterranea">Dacia Mediterranea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Ripensis" title="Dacia Ripensis">Dacia Ripensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardania_(Roman_province)" title="Dardania (Roman province)">Dardania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Praevalitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Secunda" title="Pannonia Secunda">Pannonia Secunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Moesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Moesia">Diocese of Moesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Dacia" title="Diocese of Dacia">Diocese of Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pannonia" title="Diocese of Pannonia">Diocese of Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Illyricum" title="Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum">Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages#Early_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/White_Serbia" title="White Serbia">White Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> around 600 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality of Serbia</a> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; font-size:95%; padding-left:1em"><a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travunia" title="Travunia">Travunia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zachlumia" title="Zachlumia">Zachlumia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narentines" title="Narentines">Narentines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(region)" title="Raška (region)">Raška</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(Early_Middle_Ages)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia (Early Middle Ages)">Bosnia</a></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 7th–10th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Ras" title="Catepanate of Ras">Catepanate of Ras</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> around 969–976</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages#High_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Vojislavljevi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Vojislavljević dynasty">Duklja (Zeta)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 11th–12th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Sirmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme of Sirmium">Theme of Sirmium</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1018–1071</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Grand_Principality" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Grand Principality">Grand Principality</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1071–1217</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1217–1346</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_Stefan_Dragutin" title="Realm of Stefan Dragutin">King Dragutin's realm</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1282–1325</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Serbian_Empire" title="Fall of the Serbian Empire">Fall</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1346–1371</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Prilep" title="Lordship of Prilep">Lordship of Prilep</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1371–1395</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Serbia" title="Moravian Serbia">Prince Lazar's Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1371–1402</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/District_of_Brankovi%C4%87" title="District of Branković">Vuk's Land</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1371–1412</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Despotate of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1402–1537</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_history_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern history of Serbia">Early Modern</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Serbia" title="Ottoman Serbia">Ottoman-ruled Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1459–1804</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Nenad" title="Jovan Nenad">Jovan Nenad</a> / <a href="/wiki/Radoslav_%C4%8Celnik" title="Radoslav Čelnik">Radoslav Čelnik</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1526–1530</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Banate_of_Lugoj_and_Caransebe%C8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Banate of Lugoj and Caransebeș">Banate of Lugoj and Caransebeș</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 16th–17th</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg-occupied_Serbia_(1686%E2%80%931691)" title="Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1686–1691)">Habsburg occupation</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1686–1699</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Great_Serb_Migrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Serb Migrations">Great Serb Migrations</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1690 and<br />1737–1739</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Military_Frontier" title="Military Frontier">Military Frontier</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1702–1882</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(1718%E2%80%931739)" title="Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739)">Habsburg-ruled Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1718–1739</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Da%27s_frontier" class="mw-redirect" title="Koča's frontier">Koča's frontier</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1788–1791</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Serbia" title="History of modern Serbia">Serbia 1804–1918</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1804–1815</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1815–1882</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Vojvodina" title="Serbian Vojvodina">Serbian Vojvodina</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1848–1849</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_of_Serbia_and_Banat_of_Temeschwar" title="Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar">Serbia and Banat</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1849–1860</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1882–1918</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Serbia" title="History of modern Serbia">Serbia since 1918</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918–1941<br /></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">Axis occupation</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1941–1944</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Federal unit of Socialist Yugoslavia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1944–1992</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)">Constituent state with Montenegro</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1992–2006</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Republic of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2006–<small>present</small></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Serbia" title="Portal:Serbia">Serbia portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Serbia" title="Template:History of Serbia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Serbia" title="Template talk:History of Serbia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Serbia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Serbia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Bordering Serbia to the west was the <a href="/wiki/Banate_of_Bosnia" title="Banate of Bosnia">banate of Bosnia</a>, ruled by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_II,_Ban_of_Bosnia" title="Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia">Stephen II Kotromanic</a>. During the reign of Dušan's father, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_De%C4%8Danski" title="Stefan Dečanski">Stefan Dečanski</a>, Stephen expanded his rule to the Serbian provinces of <a href="/wiki/Zachlumia" title="Zachlumia">Hum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narentines" title="Narentines">Krajina</a>, which stretched from <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a> on the east to river <a href="/wiki/Cetina" title="Cetina">Cetina</a> on the west, Dušan, being busy with his conquests on the south, tried to solve this territorial dispute with diplomacy, but that did not succeed, as <a href="/wiki/Stephen_II,_Ban_of_Bosnia" title="Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia">Stephen</a> continually refused or ignored Dušan's requests, counting on the help of his <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungarian</a> protector king <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis I.</a> </p><p>However, the situation changed when Louis signed a treaty with Dušan, so he could attack the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">kingdom of Naples</a> without Dušan attacking him from the south. Stephen, feeling that his position in Hum and Krajina is becoming harder to defend, started building fortresses around river <a href="/wiki/Neretva" title="Neretva">Neretva</a>, to strengthen his presence and even went as far as to raid the Serbian province of <a href="/wiki/Travunija" class="mw-redirect" title="Travunija">Travunia</a>, reaching as far as <a href="/wiki/Kotor" title="Kotor">Kotor</a>. Dušan could not tolerate this, so he marched with his army westward. </p><p>Dušan led 50,000 <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> and 30,000 <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> across the Bosnian border. Stephen, knowing he could not face such a force, opted to retreat in front of it in hopes of leading the Serbian army into hard terrain, where he could potentially fight them off. However, this did not work out because Bosnian nobility and even some of Stephen's own soldiers, unhappy with his rule, started defecting to Dušan. Dušan soon reached <a href="/wiki/Bobovac" title="Bobovac">Bobovac</a>, the capital of Bosnia, to which he laid siege. The Bosnian ban fled to Hungary, and Bosnia was left open for Dušan to conquer. </p><p>He left a portion of his army to continue besieging Bobovac; sent another portion to conquer the region of Krajina, while he himself led a third portion to conquer Hum. Then, after conquering Hum, Dušan proceeded to enter <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, in order to secure his sister's domains. His sister, <a href="/wiki/Jelena_Nemanji%C4%87_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87" title="Jelena Nemanjić Šubić">Jelena Nemanjic-Subic</a>, was married to the ban of <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, Mladen Subic, who died of plague in 1348, leaving his lands to his wife. After his death, Hungarians and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> both continually tried to take control over these lands, so Dušan entered Dalmatia to protect his sister's legal domains. He was welcomed as a liberator in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik" title="Šibenik">Sibenik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trogir" title="Trogir">Trogir</a>, but as the Byzantine emperor <a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John Kantakouzenos</a> attacked Dušan from the south, capturing the city of <a href="/wiki/Veria" title="Veria">Veria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edessa,_Greece" title="Edessa, Greece">Edessa</a>, Dušan was forced to retreat and repel him. While he was on his way back, he was welcomed and prepared a great feast in Dubrovnik, where his wife stayed for some time. </p><p>It is unclear if Dušan kept control in these lands. Certain historians say Stephen Kotromanic returned and regained control in Bosnia, but the sources do not mention anything about him after Dušan's conquests, until his death in late 1353. Dušan most likely kept control over Dalmatia, since after his conquests, the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Krka_monastery" title="Krka monastery">Krka</a> was built in that region. Also, he is recorded sending 2 military units under the command of his generals <a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura%C5%A1_Iliji%C4%87" title="Đuraš Ilijić">Đuraš Ilijić</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palman_Bracht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palman Bracht (page does not exist)">Palman Bracht</a> to protect the Dalmatian cities of <a href="/wiki/Klis" title="Klis">Klis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skradin" title="Skradin">Skradin</a> in 1355. Djuras Ilijic surrendered Skradin to the Venetians some time after Dušan's death, on 10 January 1356, and Klis was conquered by the Croatian general <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikola_Banic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikola Banic (page does not exist)">Nikola Banic</a> for the Hungarian king sometime after 1356, ending Serbian presence in Dalmatia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reign_of_Stefan_Uroš_V"><span id="Reign_of_Stefan_Uro.C5.A1_V"></span>Reign of Stefan Uroš V</h3></div> <p>Dušan was succeeded by his son, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_V" title="Stefan Uroš V">Stefan Uroš V</a>, called "the Weak," a term that also described the empire as it slowly slid into feudal anarchy. The failure to consolidate its holdings after a sudden conquest led to the fragmentation of the empire. The period was marked by the rise of a new threat: the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Turkish</a> sultanate gradually spread from <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> to Europe and conquered first Byzantine Thrace, and then the other <a href="/wiki/Balkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan">Balkan</a> states. Too incompetent to sustain the empire created by his father, Stefan V could neither repel attacks of foreign enemies nor combat the independence of his nobility. The Serbian Empire of Stefan V fragmented into a conglomeration of principalities, some of which did not even nominally acknowledge his rule. Stefan Uroš V died childless on 4 December 1371, after much of the Serbian nobility had been killed by the Ottoman Turks during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maritsa" title="Battle of Maritsa">Battle of Maritsa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath_and_legacy">Aftermath and legacy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Serbian_Empire" title="Fall of the Serbian Empire">Fall of the Serbian Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_V" title="Stefan Uroš V">Stefan Uroš V</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbia_1360_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Serbia_1360_en.png/240px-Serbia_1360_en.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Serbia_1360_en.png/360px-Serbia_1360_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Serbia_1360_en.png/480px-Serbia_1360_en.png 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="1278" /></a><figcaption>Internal divisions of the Serbian Empire after 1360</figcaption></figure> <p>The crumbling Serbian Empire under Uroš the Weak offered little resistance to the powerful Ottomans. In the wake of internal conflicts and decentralization of the state, the Ottomans defeated the Serbs under <a href="/wiki/Vuka%C5%A1in_of_Serbia" title="Vukašin of Serbia">Vukašin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maritsa" title="Battle of Maritsa">Battle of Maritsa</a> in 1371, making vassals of the southern governors; soon thereafter, the Emperor died.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200478–80_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200478–80-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Uroš was childless and the nobility could not agree on a rightful heir, the Empire continued to be ruled by semi-independent provincial lords, who often were in feud with each other. The most powerful of these, <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Lazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsar Lazar">Lazar Hrebeljanović</a>, a Duke of present-day central Serbia (which had not yet come under Ottoman rule), stood against the Ottomans at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Battle of Kosovo</a> in 1389. The result was indecisive, but it led to the subsequent fall of Serbia. <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Lazarevi%C4%87" title="Stefan Lazarević">Stefan Lazarević</a>, the son of Lazar, succeeded as ruler, but by 1394 he had become an Ottoman vassal. In 1402 he renounced Ottoman rule and became a Hungarian ally; the following years are characterized by a power struggle between the Ottomans and Hungary over the territory of Serbia. In 1453, the Ottomans <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">conquered Constantinople</a>, and in 1458 <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> was taken. In 1459, Serbia was annexed, and then Morea a year later. During the following centuries of Ottoman rule, the legacy of former statehood, embodied in the Serbian Empire, became an integral part of <a href="/wiki/Serbian_national_identity" title="Serbian national identity">Serbian national identity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlagojević199320–31_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlagojević199320–31-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law">Law</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Dušan's Code">Dušan's Code</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code,_Prizren_manuscript,_15th_c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code%2C_Prizren_manuscript%2C_15th_c.jpg/220px-Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code%2C_Prizren_manuscript%2C_15th_c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code%2C_Prizren_manuscript%2C_15th_c.jpg/330px-Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code%2C_Prizren_manuscript%2C_15th_c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code%2C_Prizren_manuscript%2C_15th_c.jpg/440px-Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code%2C_Prizren_manuscript%2C_15th_c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Dušan's Code">Dušan's Code</a> from 1349</figcaption></figure> <p>After finishing most of his conquests, Stefan Dušan dedicated himself to supervising the administration of the empire. One key objective was to create a written legal code, an effort his predecessors had only begun. An assembly of bishops, nobles, and provincial governors was charged with creating a code of laws, bringing together the customs of the Slav countries. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Dušan's Code">Dušan's Code</a> was enacted in two state assemblies, the first on May 21, 1349, in <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, and the second in 1354 in <a href="/wiki/Serres,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Serres, Greece">Serres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994314–317_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994314–317-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200467–71_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200467–71-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law regulated all social spheres, thus it is considered a medieval <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a>. The Code included 201 articles, based on <a href="/wiki/Roman_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Law">Roman</a>-<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_law" title="Byzantine law">Byzantine law</a>. The legal <a href="/wiki/Legal_transplants" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal transplants">transplanting</a> is notable with the articles 172 and 174 of Dušan's Code, which regulated juridical independence. They were taken from the Byzantine code <a href="/wiki/Basilika" title="Basilika">Basilika</a> (book VII, 1, 16–17). The Code had its roots in the first Serbian <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/St._Sava%27s_Nomocanon" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Sava's Nomocanon">St. Sava's Nomocanon</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <i lang="sr">Zakonopravilo</i>) from 1219, enacted by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sava" title="Saint Sava">Saint Sava</a>. St. Sava's Nomocanon was the compilation of <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Roman_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Law">Roman Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Councils" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical Councils">Ecumenical Councils</a>. Its basic purpose was to organize the functions of the state and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994116,_118_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994116,_118-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200443,_68_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200443,_68-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The legislation resembled the feudal system then prevalent in Western Europe, with an aristocratic basis and establishing a wide distinction between nobility and peasantry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrstić1993188–195_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrstić1993188–195-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monarch had broad powers but was surrounded and advised by a permanent council of magnates and prelates. The court, chancellery and administration were rough copies of those of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. The code enumerated the administrative hierarchy as following: "lands, cities, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDupa" title="Župa">župas</a> and krajištes"; the župas and krajištes were one and the same, where župas on the borders were called krajištes (<i>frontier</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The župa consisted of villages, and their status, rights, and obligations were regulated in the constitution. The ruling nobility possessed hereditary allodial estates, which were worked by dependent <i>sebri</i>, the equivalent of Greek <i><a href="/wiki/Paroikoi" title="Paroikoi">paroikoi</a></i>: peasants owing labour services, formally bound by decree. The earlier <i>župan</i> title was abolished and replaced with the Greek-derived <i>kefalija</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Kephale_(Byzantine_Empire)" title="Kephale (Byzantine Empire)">kephale</a></i>, "head, master").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200470–71_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200470–71-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3></div> <p>Commerce was another object of Dušan's concern. He gave strict orders to combat piracy and to assure the safety of travelers and foreign merchants. Traditional relations with Venice were resumed, with the port of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Ragusa</a> (Dubrovnik) becoming an important transaction point. Exploitation of mines produced appreciable resources. </p><p>East-west Roman roads through the empire carried a variety of commodities: wine, manufactures, and luxury goods from the coast; metals, cattle, timber, wool, skins, and leather from the interior. This economic development made possible the creation of the Empire. Important trade routes were the ancient Roman <a href="/wiki/Via_Militaris" title="Via Militaris">Via Militaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Via_Egnatia" title="Via Egnatia">Via Egnatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Via_de_Zenta" title="Via de Zenta">Via de Zenta</a>, and the Kopaonik road, among others. Ragusan merchants in particular had trading privileges throughout the realm. Security of trade and merchants on the roads was a major concern for the state authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESophoulis202039–55_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESophoulis202039–55-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Srebrenica, Rudnik, Trepča, Novo Brdo, Kopaonik, Majdanpek, Brskovo, and Samokov were the main centers for mining iron, copper, and lead ores, and silver and gold placers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovačević-Kojić201497–106_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovačević-Kojić201497–106-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The silver mines provided much of the royal income, and were worked by slave-labour, managed by <a href="/wiki/Saxons_in_medieval_Serbia" title="Saxons in medieval Serbia">Saxons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994199–200,_316,_626_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994199–200,_316,_626-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200454–55,_71,_123_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200454–55,_71,_123-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A colony of Saxons worked the Novo Brdo mines and traded charcoal burners. The silver mines processed an annual 0.5 million dollars (1919 comparation).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The currency used was called <i><a href="/wiki/Serbian_dinar" title="Serbian dinar">dinars</a></i>; an alternative name was <i><a href="/wiki/Serbian_perper" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian perper">perper</a></i>, derived from the Byzantine <i><a href="/wiki/Hyperpyron" title="Hyperpyron">hyperpyron</a></i>. The <i>golden dinar</i> was the largest unit, and the imperial <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">tax</a> was one dinar coin, per house, annually.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200455–56_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200455–56-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Serbian_army" title="Medieval Serbian army">Medieval Serbian army</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Serbia" title="Military history of Serbia">Military history of Serbia</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_armor_15th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Serbian_armor_15th_century.jpg/200px-Serbian_armor_15th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Serbian_armor_15th_century.jpg/300px-Serbian_armor_15th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Serbian_armor_15th_century.jpg/400px-Serbian_armor_15th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>15th century Serbian medieval armor</figcaption></figure> <p>Serbian military tactics consisted of wedge-shaped heavy cavalry attacks with horse archers on the flanks. Many foreign mercenaries were in the Serbian army, mostly <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> as cavalry and <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spaniards</a> as infantry. The army also had personal <a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">mercenary</a> guards for the emperor, mainly German <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knights</a>. A German nobleman, <a href="/wiki/Palman" title="Palman">Palman</a>, became the commander of the Serbian "<a href="/wiki/Alemannic_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemannic Guard">Alemannic Guard</a>" in 1331 upon crossing Serbia on the way to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>; he became leader of all mercenaries in the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Army" title="Serbian Army">Serbian Army</a>. The main strength of the Serbian army were the heavily armoured knights feared for their ferocious charge and fighting skills, as well as <a href="/wiki/Hussars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussars">hussars</a>, versatile light cavalry formations armed mainly with spears and crossbows, ideal for scouting, raiding and skirmishing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_insignia">State insignia</h2></div> <p>The 1339 map by <a href="/wiki/Angelino_Dulcert" title="Angelino Dulcert">Angelino Dulcert</a> depicts a number of flags, and Serbia is represented by a flag placed above <a href="/wiki/Skoplje" class="mw-redirect" title="Skoplje">Skoplje</a> (<i>Skopi</i>) with the name Serbia near the <a href="/wiki/Hoist_(flag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoist (flag)">hoist</a>, which was characteristic for capital cities at the time the drawing was produced. The flag, depicting a red <a href="/wiki/Double-headed_eagle" title="Double-headed eagle">double-headed eagle</a>, represented the realm of Stefan Dušan.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A flag in <a href="/wiki/Hilandar" title="Hilandar">Hilandar</a>, seen by Dimitrije Avramović, was alleged by the brotherhood to have been a flag of Emperor Dušan; it was a <a href="/wiki/Triband_(flag)" title="Triband (flag)">triband</a> with red at the top and bottom and white in the center.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanojević1934_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanojević1934-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emperor Dušan also adopted the Imperial <i><a href="/wiki/Divelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Divelion">divelion</a></i>, which was purple and had a golden cross in the center.<sup id="cite_ref-Milićević1995_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milićević1995-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another of Dušan's flags was the Imperial cavalry flag, kept at the <a href="/wiki/Hilandar" title="Hilandar">Hilandar monastery</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a>; a triangular bicolored flag, of red and yellow.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Serbia_on_the_map_of_Angelino_Dulcert.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Serbia on the map of Angelino Dulcert (1339)."><img alt="Flag of Serbia on the map of Angelino Dulcert (1339)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Flag_of_Serbia_on_the_map_of_Angelino_Dulcert.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="108" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of Serbia on the map of Angelino Dulcert (1339).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire,_reconstruction.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reconstruction based on Dulcert's map"><img alt="Reconstruction based on Dulcert's map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reconstruction based on Dulcert's map</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emperor Dušan's Divellion"><img alt="Emperor Dušan's Divellion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg/120px-Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg/180px-Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg/240px-Divellion_of_Emperor_Du%C5%A1an.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Emperor Dušan's Divellion</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire,_bicolour,_Hilandar.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial cavalry flag, Hilandar"><img alt="Imperial cavalry flag, Hilandar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_bicolour%2C_Hilandar.png/120px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_bicolour%2C_Hilandar.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_bicolour%2C_Hilandar.png/180px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_bicolour%2C_Hilandar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_bicolour%2C_Hilandar.png/240px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_bicolour%2C_Hilandar.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="358" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Imperial cavalry flag, Hilandar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Serbia_Country_History_(Fojnica_Armorial)_(14th_century).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Attributed arms of Serbia from the Fojnica Armorial, manuscript of the late 16th or early 17th century. A modified version of it would later go on to become the coat of arms of the Principality of Serbia and its ruling dynasty."><img alt="Attributed arms of Serbia from the Fojnica Armorial, manuscript of the late 16th or early 17th century. A modified version of it would later go on to become the coat of arms of the Principality of Serbia and its ruling dynasty." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Coa_Serbia_Country_History_%28Fojnica_Armorial%29_%2814th_century%29.svg/111px-Coa_Serbia_Country_History_%28Fojnica_Armorial%29_%2814th_century%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Coa_Serbia_Country_History_%28Fojnica_Armorial%29_%2814th_century%29.svg/166px-Coa_Serbia_Country_History_%28Fojnica_Armorial%29_%2814th_century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Coa_Serbia_Country_History_%28Fojnica_Armorial%29_%2814th_century%29.svg/221px-Coa_Serbia_Country_History_%28Fojnica_Armorial%29_%2814th_century%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Attributed_arms" title="Attributed arms">Attributed arms</a> of Serbia from the <i><a href="/wiki/Fojnica_Armorial" title="Fojnica Armorial">Fojnica Armorial</a></i>, manuscript of the late 16th or early 17th century. A modified version of it would later go on to become the coat of arms of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a> and its ruling dynasty.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_(1346%E2%80%931371).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Attributed imperial coat of arms of Stefan Dušan from the Korjenić-Neorić Armorial, manuscript of the late 16th century"><img alt="Attributed imperial coat of arms of Stefan Dušan from the Korjenić-Neorić Armorial, manuscript of the late 16th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_%281346%E2%80%931371%29.svg/96px-Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_%281346%E2%80%931371%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_%281346%E2%80%931371%29.svg/144px-Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_%281346%E2%80%931371%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_%281346%E2%80%931371%29.svg/192px-Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_%281346%E2%80%931371%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Attributed_arms" title="Attributed arms">Attributed imperial coat of arms</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Korjeni%C4%87-Neori%C4%87_Armorial" title="Korjenić-Neorić Armorial">Korjenić-Neorić Armorial</a></i>, manuscript of the late 16th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire,_triband,_Hilandar.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Alleged flag, Hilandar"><img alt="Alleged flag, Hilandar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_triband%2C_Hilandar.png/120px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_triband%2C_Hilandar.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_triband%2C_Hilandar.png/180px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_triband%2C_Hilandar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_triband%2C_Hilandar.png/240px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_triband%2C_Hilandar.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alleged flag, Hilandar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_Empire_1358.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Serbian Empire in 1358 according to Louis Etienne Dussieux"><img alt="Serbian Empire in 1358 according to Louis Etienne Dussieux" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Serbian_Empire_1358.jpg/120px-Serbian_Empire_1358.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Serbian_Empire_1358.jpg/180px-Serbian_Empire_1358.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Serbian_Empire_1358.jpg/240px-Serbian_Empire_1358.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1174" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Serbian Empire in 1358 according to Louis Etienne Dussieux</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Geographic_map_of_the_Serbian_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geographic map of the Serbian Empire overlayed with modern borders"><img alt="Geographic map of the Serbian Empire overlayed with modern borders" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Geographic_map_of_the_Serbian_Empire.svg/119px-Geographic_map_of_the_Serbian_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Geographic_map_of_the_Serbian_Empire.svg/179px-Geographic_map_of_the_Serbian_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Geographic_map_of_the_Serbian_Empire.svg/238px-Geographic_map_of_the_Serbian_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="418" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Geographic map of the Serbian Empire overlayed with modern borders</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkans_in_1350_according_to_Gustav_Droysen_from_19th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Serbian Empire in 1350 according to Gustav Droysen"><img alt="The Serbian Empire in 1350 according to Gustav Droysen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Balkans_in_1350_according_to_Gustav_Droysen_from_19th_century.jpg/120px-Balkans_in_1350_according_to_Gustav_Droysen_from_19th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Balkans_in_1350_according_to_Gustav_Droysen_from_19th_century.jpg/180px-Balkans_in_1350_according_to_Gustav_Droysen_from_19th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Balkans_in_1350_according_to_Gustav_Droysen_from_19th_century.jpg/240px-Balkans_in_1350_according_to_Gustav_Droysen_from_19th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="1268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Serbian Empire in 1350 according to <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gustav_Droysen" title="Johann Gustav Droysen">Gustav Droysen</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Serbian_Empire,_University_of_Belgrade,_1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Serbian Empire, University of Belgrade, 1922"><img alt="Map of the Serbian Empire, University of Belgrade, 1922" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Map_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_University_of_Belgrade%2C_1922.jpg/93px-Map_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_University_of_Belgrade%2C_1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Map_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_University_of_Belgrade%2C_1922.jpg/139px-Map_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_University_of_Belgrade%2C_1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Map_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_University_of_Belgrade%2C_1922.jpg/186px-Map_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_University_of_Belgrade%2C_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1809" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the Serbian Empire, University of Belgrade, 1922</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <p>Influenced by the clergy, Dušan showed extreme severity towards Roman Catholicism. Those who integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> were condemned to work in mines, and people who propagated it were threatened with death. The Papacy grew concerned about this and the increasing power of Dušan and aroused the old rivalry of the Catholic Hungarians against the Orthodox Serbs. Once again Dušan overcame his enemies from whom he seized Bosnia and Herzegovina, which marked the height of the Serbian Empire in Middle Ages. However, the most serious menace came from the East, from the Turks. Entrenched on the shores of the Dardanelles, the Turks were the common enemies of Christendom. It was against them that the question of uniting and directing all forces in the Balkans to save Europe from the invasion arose. The Serbian Empire already included most of the region, and to transform the peninsula into a cohesive whole under a rule of a single master required seizure of Constantinople to add to Serbia what remained of the Byzantine Empire. Dušan intended to make himself emperor and defender of Christianity against the Islamic wave.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDragojlović199332–40_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDragojlović199332–40-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_arts">Education and arts</h3></div> <p>Education, to which <a href="/wiki/St._Sava" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Sava">St. Sava</a> had given the first impulse, progressed remarkably during Dušan's reign. Schools and monasteries secured royal favor. True seats of culture, they became institutions in perpetuating Serbian national traditions. The fine arts, influenced by Italians, were not neglected. Architectural monuments, frescoes and mosaics testify the artistic level archived during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐurić199372–89_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐurić199372–89-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKorać199390–114_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKorać199390–114-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_monarchs" title="List of Serbian monarchs">List of Serbian monarchs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of Serbia">Emperor of Serbia</a></div> <dl><dt>Emperors, and co-rulers</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a> (1346–1355)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_V" title="Stefan Uroš V">Stefan Uroš V</a> (1355–1371) <ul><li>co-ruler <a href="/wiki/Vuka%C5%A1in_of_Serbia" title="Vukašin of Serbia">Vukašin of Serbia</a> with the title of "king" (1365–1371)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200477–79_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200477–79-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>designated heir <a href="/wiki/Prince_Marko" title="Prince Marko">Prince Marko</a> with the title of "young king" (1369–1371)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>For a list of magnates, feudal lords and officials, see <a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_the_Serbian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobility of the Serbian Empire">Nobility of the Serbian Empire</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Serbia in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nobility_conflict_(1369)" title="Serbian nobility conflict (1369)">Serbian nobility conflict (1369)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregory, Timothy E.; Ševčenko, Nancy Patterson (1991). "Serres". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1881–1882. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle; (1988) <i>Hungary and the Fall of Eastern Europe 1000–1568 (Men-at-Arms)</i> pp. 35, 37; Osprey Publishing, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0850458331" title="Special:BookSources/0850458331">0850458331</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3YQRssRVLLkC&q=skenderbeg+serbia">Positive Peace in Kosovo: A Dream Unfulfilled</a> by Elisabeth Schleicher, p. 49. 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDvornik1962111–114-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDvornik1962111–114_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDvornik1962">Dvornik 1962</a>, pp. 111–114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994286–382-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994286–382_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, pp. 286–382.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200463–80-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200463–80_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, pp. 63–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994309-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994309_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994309_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, p. 309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994309–310-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994309–310_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, pp. 309–310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956468-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956468_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOstrogorsky1956">Ostrogorsky 1956</a>, p. 468.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Runciman2012" class="citation book cs1">Steven Runciman (26 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CJz8BCdxlfEC&pg=PA37"><i>The Fall of Constantinople 1453</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 37–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-60469-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-60469-8"><bdi>978-1-107-60469-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+Constantinople+1453&rft.pages=37-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012-03-26&rft.isbn=978-1-107-60469-8&rft.au=Steven+Runciman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCJz8BCdxlfEC%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994272-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994272_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994274-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994274_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200475-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200475_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrbini1601" class="citation book cs1">Orbini, Mauro (1601). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g9mMnQAACAAJ"><i>Kingdom of the Slavs</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingdom+of+the+Slavs&rft.date=1601&rft.aulast=Orbini&rft.aufirst=Mauro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg9mMnQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200478–80-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200478–80_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, pp. 78–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlagojević199320–31-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlagojević199320–31_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlagojević1993">Blagojević 1993</a>, pp. 20–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994314–317-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994314–317_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, pp. 314–317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200467–71-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200467–71_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, pp. 67–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994116,_118-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994116,_118_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, pp. 116, 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200443,_68-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200443,_68_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, pp. 43, 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrstić1993188–195-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrstić1993188–195_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrstić1993">Krstić 1993</a>, pp. 188–195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Radovanović, M. 2002, "Šar mountain and its župas in South Serbia's Kosovo-Metohia region: Geographical position and multiethnic characteristics", Zbornik radova Geografskog instituta "Jovan Cvijić", SANU, no. 51, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scindeks-clanci.nb.rs/data/pdf/0350-7599/2002/0350-75990251007R.pdf">pp. 7–22</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>; p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200470–71-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200470–71_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, pp. 70–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESophoulis202039–55-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESophoulis202039–55_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSophoulis2020">Sophoulis 2020</a>, pp. 39–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovačević-Kojić201497–106-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovačević-Kojić201497–106_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovačević-Kojić2014">Kovačević-Kojić 2014</a>, pp. 97–106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994199–200,_316,_626-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994199–200,_316,_626_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, pp. 199–200, 316, 626.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200454–55,_71,_123-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200454–55,_71,_123_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, pp. 54–55, 71, 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_City_Bank_of_New_York2002" class="citation book cs1">National City Bank of New York (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2RpQAAAAYAAJ"><i>JOM: the journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society</i></a>. Vol. 6. Society (TMS). p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JOM%3A+the+journal+of+the+Minerals%2C+Metals+%26+Materials+Society&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Society+%28TMS%29&rft.date=2002&rft.au=National+City+Bank+of+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2RpQAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200455–56-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200455–56_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, pp. 55–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Solovyev 1958, pp. 134–135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavro_A._Škrivanić1979" class="citation book cs1">Gavro A. 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Narodna knjiga.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monumenta+Cartographica+Jugoslaviae+2&rft.pub=Narodna+knjiga&rft.date=1979&rft.au=Gavro+A.+%C5%A0krivani%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7E8ZMAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanojević1934-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stanojević1934_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanoje_Stanojević1934" class="citation book cs1">Stanoje Stanojević (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=omhJAQAAIAAJ"><i>Iz naše prošlosti</i></a>. Geca Kon. pp. 78–80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iz+na%C5%A1e+pro%C5%A1losti&rft.pages=78-80&rft.pub=Geca+Kon&rft.date=1934&rft.au=Stanoje+Stanojevi%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DomhJAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Milićević1995-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Milićević1995_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilić_Milićević1995" class="citation book cs1">Milić Milićević (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nyNYAAAAMAAJ"><i>Grb Srbije: razvoj kroz istoriju</i></a>. Službeni Glasnik. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788675490470" title="Special:BookSources/9788675490470"><bdi>9788675490470</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grb+Srbije%3A+razvoj+kroz+istoriju&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Slu%C5%BEbeni+Glasnik&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9788675490470&rft.au=Mili%C4%87+Mili%C4%87evi%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnyNYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtlagić1997" class="citation web cs1">Atlagić, M. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521073202/http://scindeks-clanci.nb.rs/data/pdf/0353-9008/1997/0353-90089708149A.pdf">"The cross with symbols S as heraldic symbols"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Baština, no. 8</i>. pp. 149–158. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scindeks-clanci.nb.rs/data/pdf/0353-9008/1997/0353-90089708149A.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ba%C5%A1tina%2C+no.+8&rft.atitle=The+cross+with+symbols+S+as+heraldic+symbols&rft.pages=149-158&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Atlagi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscindeks-clanci.nb.rs%2Fdata%2Fpdf%2F0353-9008%2F1997%2F0353-90089708149A.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDragojlović199332–40-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDragojlović199332–40_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDragojlović1993">Dragojlović 1993</a>, pp. 32–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐurić199372–89-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐurić199372–89_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĐurić1993">Đurić 1993</a>, pp. 72–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKorać199390–114-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKorać199390–114_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKorać1993">Korać 1993</a>, pp. 90–114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200477–79-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200477–79_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, pp. 77–79.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBataković2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_T._Batakovi%C4%87" title="Dušan T. 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Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782825119587" title="Special:BookSources/9782825119587"><bdi>9782825119587</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+peuple+serbe&rft.place=Lausanne&rft.pub=L%E2%80%99Age+d%E2%80%99Homme&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9782825119587&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da0jA_LdH6nsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlagojević1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Blagojevi%C4%87" title="Miloš Blagojević">Blagojević, Miloš</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3MtAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA20">"On the National Identity of the Serbs in the Middle Ages"</a>. <i>Serbs in European Civilization</i>. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 20–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788675830153" title="Special:BookSources/9788675830153"><bdi>9788675830153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+the+National+Identity+of+the+Serbs+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.btitle=Serbs+in+European+Civilization&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pages=20-31&rft.pub=Nova%2C+Serbian+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Arts%2C+Institute+for+Balkan+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9788675830153&rft.aulast=Blagojevi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Milo%C5%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO3MtAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFČanak-MedićTodić2017" class="citation book cs1">Čanak-Medić, Milka; Todić, Branislav (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=91u8vQEACAAJ"><i>The Monastery of the Patriarchate of Peć</i></a>. Novi Sad: Platoneum, Beseda. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788685869839" title="Special:BookSources/9788685869839"><bdi>9788685869839</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monastery+of+the+Patriarchate+of+Pe%C4%87&rft.place=Novi+Sad&rft.pub=Platoneum%2C+Beseda&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9788685869839&rft.aulast=%C4%8Canak-Medi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Milka&rft.au=Todi%C4%87%2C+Branislav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D91u8vQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆirković2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sima_%C4%86irkovi%C4%87" title="Sima Ćirković">Ćirković, Sima</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC"><i>The Serbs</i></a>. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405142915" title="Special:BookSources/9781405142915"><bdi>9781405142915</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serbs&rft.place=Malden&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781405142915&rft.aulast=%C4%86irkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Wc-DWRzoeIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆirković2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sima_%C4%86irkovi%C4%87" title="Sima Ćirković">Ćirković, Sima</a> (2014) [1964]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=0350-76531445107C">"The Double Wreath: A Contribution to the History of Kingship in Bosnia"</a>. <i>Balcanica</i> (45): 107–143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2298%2FBALC1445107C">10.2298/BALC1445107C</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balcanica&rft.atitle=The+Double+Wreath%3A+A+Contribution+to+the+History+of+Kingship+in+Bosnia&rft.issue=45&rft.pages=107-143&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2298%2FBALC1445107C&rft.aulast=%C4%86irkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sima&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doiserbia.nb.rs%2Fft.aspx%3Fid%3D0350-76531445107C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDragojlović1993" class="citation book cs1">Dragojlović, Dragoljub (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3MtAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA32">"Serbian Spirituality in the 13th and 14th Centuries and Western Scholasticism"</a>. <i>Serbs in European Civilization</i>. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 32–40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788675830153" title="Special:BookSources/9788675830153"><bdi>9788675830153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serbian+Spirituality+in+the+13th+and+14th+Centuries+and+Western+Scholasticism&rft.btitle=Serbs+in+European+Civilization&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pages=32-40&rft.pub=Nova%2C+Serbian+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Arts%2C+Institute+for+Balkan+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9788675830153&rft.aulast=Dragojlovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dragoljub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO3MtAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐurić1993" class="citation book cs1">Đurić, Vojislav J. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3MtAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA72">"The European Scope of Painting in Medieval Serbia"</a>. <i>Serbs in European Civilization</i>. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 72–89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788675830153" title="Special:BookSources/9788675830153"><bdi>9788675830153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+European+Scope+of+Painting+in+Medieval+Serbia&rft.btitle=Serbs+in+European+Civilization&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pages=72-89&rft.pub=Nova%2C+Serbian+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Arts%2C+Institute+for+Balkan+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9788675830153&rft.aulast=%C4%90uri%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vojislav+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO3MtAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvornik1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dvornik" title="Francis Dvornik">Dvornik, Francis</a> (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LACpYP-g1y8C"><i>The Slavs in European History and Civilization</i></a>. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813507996" title="Special:BookSources/9780813507996"><bdi>9780813507996</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slavs+in+European+History+and+Civilization&rft.place=New+Brunswick&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=9780813507996&rft.aulast=Dvornik&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLACpYP-g1y8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngel2001" class="citation book cs1">Engel, Pál (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vEJNBqanT_8C"><i>The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526</i></a>. London & New York: I.B. 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Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0472082604" title="Special:BookSources/0472082604"><bdi>0472082604</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0472082604&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+Van+Antwerp+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvVbRrH1QBgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavrilović2001" class="citation book cs1">Gavrilović, Zaga (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0UBNAAAAYAAJ"><i>Studies in Byzantine and Serbian Medieval Art</i></a>. London: The Pindar Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781899828340" title="Special:BookSources/9781899828340"><bdi>9781899828340</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Byzantine+and+Serbian+Medieval+Art&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Pindar+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781899828340&rft.aulast=Gavrilovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Zaga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0UBNAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsailović2016" class="citation journal cs1">Isailović, Neven (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/31105878">"Living by the Border: South Slavic Marcher Lords in the Late Medieval Balkans (13th–15th Centuries)"</a>. <i>Banatica</i>. <b>26</b> (2): 105–117.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Banatica&rft.atitle=Living+by+the+Border%3A+South+Slavic+Marcher+Lords+in+the+Late+Medieval+Balkans+%2813th%E2%80%9315th+Centuries%29&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=105-117&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Isailovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Neven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F31105878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsailović2017" class="citation book cs1">Isailović, Neven (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=esGHDwAAQBAJ">"Legislation Concerning the Vlachs of the Balkans Before and After Ottoman Conquest: An Overview"</a>. <i>State and Society in the Balkans Before and After Establishment of Ottoman Rule</i>. Belgrade: The Institute of History. pp. 25–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788677431259" title="Special:BookSources/9788677431259"><bdi>9788677431259</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Legislation+Concerning+the+Vlachs+of+the+Balkans+Before+and+After+Ottoman+Conquest%3A+An+Overview&rft.btitle=State+and+Society+in+the+Balkans+Before+and+After+Establishment+of+Ottoman+Rule&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pages=25-42&rft.pub=The+Institute+of+History&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9788677431259&rft.aulast=Isailovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Neven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DesGHDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvanovićIsailović2015" class="citation journal cs1">Ivanović, Miloš; Isailović, Neven (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/29083615">"The Danube in Serbian-Hungarian Relations in the 14th and 15th Centuries"</a>. <i>Tibiscvm: Istorie–Arheologie</i>. <b>5</b>: 377–393.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tibiscvm%3A+Istorie%E2%80%93Arheologie&rft.atitle=The+Danube+in+Serbian-Hungarian+Relations+in+the+14th+and+15th+Centuries&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=377-393&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Ivanovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Milo%C5%A1&rft.au=Isailovi%C4%87%2C+Neven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F29083615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvanović2019" class="citation book cs1">Ivanović, Miloš (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/43289161">"Serbian Hagiographies on the Warfare and Political Struggles of the Nemanjić Dynasty (from the Twelfth to Fourteenth Century)"</a>. <i>Reform and Renewal in Medieval East and Central Europe: Politics, Law and Society</i>. 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Edgware: Porthill Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781870732314" title="Special:BookSources/9781870732314"><bdi>9781870732314</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Serbian+Culture&rft.place=Edgware&rft.pub=Porthill+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781870732314&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7nItAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJireček1911" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Jire%C4%8Dek" title="Konstantin Jireček">Jireček, Constantin</a> (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XoVOAQAAMAAJ"><i>Geschichte der Serben</i></a>. Vol. 1. 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Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 90–114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788675830153" title="Special:BookSources/9788675830153"><bdi>9788675830153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serbian+Architecture+Between+Byzantium+and+the+West&rft.btitle=Serbs+in+European+Civilization&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pages=90-114&rft.pub=Nova%2C+Serbian+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Arts%2C+Institute+for+Balkan+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9788675830153&rft.aulast=Kora%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vojislav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO3MtAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovačević-Kojić2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Desanka_Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87-Koji%C4%87" title="Desanka Kovačević-Kojić">Kovačević-Kojić, Desanka</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0350-7653/2014/0350-76531445097K.pdf">"On the Composition and Processing of Precious Metals mined in Medieval Serbia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Balcanica</i> (45): 97–106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2298%2FBALC1445097K">10.2298/BALC1445097K</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balcanica&rft.atitle=On+the+Composition+and+Processing+of+Precious+Metals+mined+in+Medieval+Serbia&rft.issue=45&rft.pages=97-106&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2298%2FBALC1445097K&rft.aulast=Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87-Koji%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Desanka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doiserbia.nb.rs%2Fimg%2Fdoi%2F0350-7653%2F2014%2F0350-76531445097K.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrstić1993" class="citation book cs1">Krstić, Đurica (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3MtAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA188">"Serbian Medieval Law and the Development of Law in Subsequent Periods"</a>. <i>Serbs in European Civilization</i>. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 188–195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788675830153" title="Special:BookSources/9788675830153"><bdi>9788675830153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serbian+Medieval+Law+and+the+Development+of+Law+in+Subsequent+Periods&rft.btitle=Serbs+in+European+Civilization&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pages=188-195&rft.pub=Nova%2C+Serbian+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Arts%2C+Institute+for+Balkan+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9788675830153&rft.aulast=Krsti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=%C4%90urica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO3MtAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1923a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(historian)" title="William Miller (historian)">Miller, William</a> (1923a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c8pDAQAAMAAJ">"The Balkan States, I: The Zenith of Bulgaria and Serbia (1186–1355)"</a>. <i>The Cambridge Medieval History</i>. Vol. 4. Cambridge: University Press. pp. 517–551.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Balkan+States%2C+I%3A+The+Zenith+of+Bulgaria+and+Serbia+%281186%E2%80%931355%29&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=517-551&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc8pDAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1923b" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(historian)" title="William Miller (historian)">Miller, William</a> (1923b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c8pDAQAAMAAJ">"The Balkan States, II: The Turkish Conquest (1355–1483)"</a>. <i>The Cambridge Medieval History</i>. Vol. 4. Cambridge: University Press. pp. 552–593.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Balkan+States%2C+II%3A+The+Turkish+Conquest+%281355%E2%80%931483%29&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=552-593&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc8pDAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicol1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Nicol" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald M. Nicol">Nicol, Donald M.</a> (1984) [1957]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XIj0FfKto9AC"><i>The Despotate of Epiros 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages</i></a> (2. expanded ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521261906" title="Special:BookSources/9780521261906"><bdi>9780521261906</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Despotate+of+Epiros+1267%E2%80%931479%3A+A+Contribution+to+the+History+of+Greece+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.edition=2.+expanded&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780521261906&rft.aulast=Nicol&rft.aufirst=Donald+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXIj0FfKto9AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicol1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Nicol" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald M. Nicol">Nicol, Donald M.</a> (1993) [1972]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y2d6OHLqwEsC"><i>The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521439916" title="Special:BookSources/9780521439916"><bdi>9780521439916</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Centuries+of+Byzantium%2C+1261%E2%80%931453&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780521439916&rft.aulast=Nicol&rft.aufirst=Donald+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy2d6OHLqwEsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicol1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Nicol" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald M. Nicol">Nicol, Donald M.</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7bXGTfK_ogAC"><i>The Reluctant Emperor: A Biography of John Cantacuzene, Byzantine Emperor and Monk, c. 1295–1383</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521522014" title="Special:BookSources/9780521522014"><bdi>9780521522014</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reluctant+Emperor%3A+A+Biography+of+John+Cantacuzene%2C+Byzantine+Emperor+and+Monk%2C+c.+1295%E2%80%931383&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780521522014&rft.aulast=Nicol&rft.aufirst=Donald+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7bXGTfK_ogAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObolensky1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Obolensky" title="Dimitri Obolensky">Obolensky, Dimitri</a> (1974) [1971]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RlBoAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500–1453</i></a>. London: Cardinal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780351176449" title="Special:BookSources/9780351176449"><bdi>9780351176449</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine+Commonwealth%3A+Eastern+Europe%2C+500%E2%80%931453&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cardinal&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780351176449&rft.aulast=Obolensky&rft.aufirst=Dimitri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRlBoAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrbini1601" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Orbini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauro Orbini">Orbini, Mauro</a> (1601). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fx3OntcdUkQC"><i>Il Regno de gli Slavi hoggi corrottamente detti Schiavoni</i></a>. Pesaro: Apresso Girolamo Concordia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+Regno+de+gli+Slavi+hoggi+corrottamente+detti+Schiavoni&rft.place=Pesaro&rft.pub=Apresso+Girolamo+Concordia&rft.date=1601&rft.aulast=Orbini&rft.aufirst=Mauro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFx3OntcdUkQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFОрбин1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Orbini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauro Orbini">Орбин, Мавро</a> (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MduZAAAAIAAJ"><i>Краљевство Словена</i></a>. Београд: Српска књижевна задруга.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMduZAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstrogorsky1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Ostrogorsky" title="George Ostrogorsky">Ostrogorsky, George</a> (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ"><i>History of the Byzantine State</i></a>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Byzantine+State&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Ostrogorsky&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBt0_AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopović1988" class="citation book cs1">Popović, Tatyana (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ok93aZ27r-oC"><i>Prince Marko: The Hero of South Slavic Epics</i></a>. New York: Syracuse University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815624448" title="Special:BookSources/9780815624448"><bdi>9780815624448</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prince+Marko%3A+The+Hero+of+South+Slavic+Epics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780815624448&rft.aulast=Popovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tatyana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dok93aZ27r-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamardžićDuškov1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Radovan_Samard%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Radovan Samardžić">Samardžić, Radovan</a>; Duškov, Milan, eds. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3MtAQAAIAAJ"><i>Serbs in European Civilization</i></a>. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788675830153" title="Special:BookSources/9788675830153"><bdi>9788675830153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serbs+in+European+Civilization&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=Nova%2C+Serbian+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Arts%2C+Institute+for+Balkan+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9788675830153&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO3MtAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSedlar1994" class="citation book cs1">Sedlar, Jean W. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4NYTCgAAQBAJ"><i>East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500</i></a>. Seattle: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780295800646" title="Special:BookSources/9780295800646"><bdi>9780295800646</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Central+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+1000%E2%80%931500&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780295800646&rft.aulast=Sedlar&rft.aufirst=Jean+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4NYTCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSophoulis2020" class="citation book cs1">Sophoulis, Panos (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sPoFEAAAQBAJ"><i>Banditry in the Medieval Balkans, 800–1500</i></a>. Cham: Springer Nature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783030559052" title="Special:BookSources/9783030559052"><bdi>9783030559052</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Banditry+in+the+Medieval+Balkans%2C+800%E2%80%931500&rft.place=Cham&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9783030559052&rft.aulast=Sophoulis&rft.aufirst=Panos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsPoFEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoulis1984" class="citation book cs1">Soulis, George Christos (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NXFpAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Serbs and Byzantium during the reign of Tsar Stephen Dušan (1331–1355) and his successors</i></a>. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Library and Collection. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780884021377" title="Special:BookSources/9780884021377"><bdi>9780884021377</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serbs+and+Byzantium+during+the+reign+of+Tsar+Stephen+Du%C5%A1an+%281331%E2%80%931355%29+and+his+successors&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Library+and+Collection&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780884021377&rft.aulast=Soulis&rft.aufirst=George+Christos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNXFpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUzelac2015" class="citation journal cs1">Uzelac, Aleksandar B. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/19707068">"Foreign Soldiers in the Nemanjić State – A Critical Overview"</a>. <i>Belgrade Historical Review</i>. <b>6</b>: 69–89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belgrade+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Foreign+Soldiers+in+the+Nemanji%C4%87+State+%E2%80%93+A+Critical+Overview&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=69-89&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Uzelac&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F19707068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Empires" title="Template:Empires"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Empires" title="Template talk:Empires"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Empires" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Empires"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Empires" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empires</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">colonies</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kingdom of Armenia (disambiguation)">Armenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia" title="Satrapy of Armenia">Orontid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Ancient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_Empire" title="Old Babylonian Empire">Old Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%CA%BFmt" title="Dʿmt">Dʿmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha" title="Harsha">Harsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)#Empire" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Bactrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Huns" title="History of the Huns">Hunnic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Persian Empire (disambiguation)">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Median_kingdom" title="Median kingdom">Median</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadhan_Empire" title="Magadhan Empire">Magadha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haryanka_dynasty" title="Haryanka dynasty">Haryanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaishunaga_dynasty" title="Shaishunaga dynasty">Shaishunaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunga_Empire" title="Shunga Empire">Shunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Ur" title="Third Dynasty of Ur">Neo-Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angevin_Empire" title="Angevin Empire">Angevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kingdom of Armenia (disambiguation)">Armenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Armenia" title="Bagratid Armenia">Bagratid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Vaspurakan" title="Kingdom of Vaspurakan">Vaspurakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Artsakh" title="Kingdom of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakarid_Armenia" title="Zakarid Armenia">Zakarid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Benin" title="Kingdom of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire#Shift_of_the_Sayfuwa_court_from_Kanem_to_Bornu" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Sultanate_(1368%E2%80%931888)" title="Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bulgarian Empire (disambiguation)">Bulgarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Burmese Empire (disambiguation)">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan Kingdom">First</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Chalukyas" title="Eastern Chalukyas">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jīn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chola_Empire" title="Chola Empire">Chola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Aksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagwe_dynasty" title="Zagwe dynasty">Zagwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Solomonic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garabito_Empire" title="Garabito Empire">Huetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Struggle" title="Tripartite Struggle">Kannauj</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjara-Pratihara_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty">Gurjara-Pratihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta Empire">Rashtrakuta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Persian Empire (disambiguation)">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanid_Empire" title="Samanid Empire">Samanid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Muromachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Edo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Kanem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania" title="History of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco" title="History of Morocco">Moroccan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty" title="Idrisid dynasty">Idrisid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norgesveldet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norgesveldet">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Empire" title="North Sea Empire">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Oyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland" title="History of Poland">Polish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Kingdom of Poland">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenization_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Hellenization in the Byzantine Empire">Hellenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea" title="Despotate of the Morea">Morea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Germanic_culture" title="Romano-Germanic culture">Romano-Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Vladimir-Suzdal">Vladimir-Suzdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moscow" title="Principality of Moscow">Muscovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Perm" title="Great Perm">Permian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhasari" title="Singhasari">Singhasari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku_Empire" title="Tiwanaku Empire">Tiwanaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toltec_Empire" title="Toltec Empire">Toltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turco-Persian_tradition" title="Turco-Persian tradition">Turco-Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Great Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarezmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Turkic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uighur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Khaganate" title="Kyrgyz Khaganate">Kyrgyz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukraine" title="History of Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kiev" title="Principality of Kiev">Kyivan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90inh_dynasty" title="Đinh dynasty">Dinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Early Lê dynasty">Early Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Tran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_dynasty" title="Hồ dynasty">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Later Trần dynasty">Later Tran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Later Le</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Wagadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wari_Empire" title="Wari Empire">Wari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_era" title="Modern era">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti Empire">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Burmese Empire (disambiguation)">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Toungoo_Empire" title="First Toungoo Empire">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_China_(1915%E2%80%931916)" title="Empire of China (1915–1916)">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_imperialism" title="Chinese imperialism">Contemporary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti" title="History of Haiti">Haitian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Persian_culture" title="Indo-Persian culture">Indo-Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico" title="History of Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan" title="Northern Yuan">Mongol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oirat_Confederation" title="Oirat Confederation">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut_Khanate" title="Khoshut Khanate">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Khanate" title="Kalmyk Khanate">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Bogd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco" title="History of Morocco">Moroccan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saadi_Sultanate" title="Saadi Sultanate">Saadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawi_Sultanate" title="Alawi Sultanate">'Alawi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism#Contemporary_Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Contemporary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Somalia" title="History of Somalia">Somali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaaq_Sultanate" title="Isaaq Sultanate">Isaaq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu%CA%BBi_Tonga_Empire" title="Tuʻi Tonga Empire">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1c_dynasty" title="Mạc dynasty">Mạc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Revival Lê dynasty">Revival Lê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_S%C6%A1n_dynasty" title="Tây Sơn dynasty">Tay Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Dainam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Colonial" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colonial_empire" title="Colonial empire">Colonial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_colonial_empire" title="Belgian colonial empire">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_overseas_possessions" title="English overseas possessions">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Scottish colonization of the Americas">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_overseas_colonies" title="Danish overseas colonies">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Empire" title="Omani Empire">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curonian_colonisation" title="Curonian colonisation">Couronian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_overseas_colonies" title="Swedish overseas colonies">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_empires" title="List of empires">Empires</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_empires" title="List of largest empires">largest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_great_powers" title="List of ancient great powers">Ancient great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_great_powers" title="List of medieval great powers">Medieval great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_great_powers" title="List of modern great powers">Modern great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_colonialism" title="History of colonialism">European colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="African empires">African empires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"Empire" as a description of foreign policy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_empire" title="Soviet empire">Soviet empire</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Middle_Ages_by_region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_Ages_by_region" title="Template:Middle Ages by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_Ages_by_region" title="Template talk:Middle Ages by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle_Ages_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle Ages by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Middle_Ages_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Middle_Ages_by_country" title="Category:Middle Ages by country">European Middle Ages by region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval<br />histories of<br />current<br />political units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western and<br />Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Corsica" title="Medieval Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Denmark#Middle_Ages" title="History of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="England in the Middle Ages">England</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="History of Anglo-Saxon England">Early</a>, <a href="/wiki/England_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="England in the High Middle Ages">High</a>, <a href="/wiki/England_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" title="England in the Late Middle Ages">Late</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany#Middle_Ages" title="History of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(400%E2%80%93800)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (400–800)">400–800</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(800%E2%80%931169)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (800–1169)">800–1169</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1169%E2%80%931536)" title="History of Ireland (1169–1536)">1169–1536</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Middle Ages">Scotland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Early Middle Ages">Early</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the High Middle Ages">High</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Late Middle Ages">Late</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Spain in the Middle Ages">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(800%E2%80%931521)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sweden (800–1521)">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Wales in the Middle Ages">Wales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Wales in the Early Middle Ages">Early</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="Wales in the High Middle Ages">High</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" title="Wales in the Late Middle Ages">Late</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central, Eastern Europe<br />and Near East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Albania in the Middle Ages">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Armenia" title="Medieval Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown_(Middle_Ages)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (Middle Ages)">Czech lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li>Greece (<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Byzantine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman</a>)</li> <li>Hungary (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1000%E2%80%931301)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)">High Medieval Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1301%E2%80%931526)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)">Late Medieval Kingdom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_the_Piast_dynasty" title="History of Poland during the Piast dynasty">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Middle Ages">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Serbia</a></li> <li>Anatolia (<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Anatolia" title="Byzantine Anatolia">Byzantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_R%C3%BBm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Rûm">Rum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Anatolia">Ottoman</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western and<br />Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Republic of Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Duchy of Burgundy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">Kingdom of León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Kingdom of Galicia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Kingdom of Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Kingdom of Valencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Kingdom of Majorca</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a></li> <li>Portugal (<a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa">Taifa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Emirate of Granada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_Kingdom_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary Kingdom of Norway">Hereditary Kingdom of Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central, Eastern Europe<br />and Near East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li>Bulgarian Empire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li>Croatia (<a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Dalmatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pannonian_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Pannonian Croatia">Pannonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Kingdom of Croatia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">Tripoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Antioch</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">Edessa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>)</li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina (<a href="/wiki/Banate_of_Bosnia" title="Banate of Bosnia">Banate of Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Kingdom of Bosnia</a>)</li> <li>Ukraine (<a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Rus'">Kingdom of Rus'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Chernigov" title="Principality of Chernigov">Principality of Chernigov</a>)</li> <li>Russia (<a href="/wiki/Rus%27_Khaganate" title="Rus' Khaganate">Rus' Khaganate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Ryazan" title="Principality of Ryazan">Ryazan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moscow" title="Principality of Moscow">Moscow</a>)</li> <li>Serbia (<a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" title="Grand Principality of Serbia">Grand Principality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Serbia" title="Moravian Serbia">Lordship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Despotate</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Serbia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Serbia_topics" title="Template:Serbia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Serbia_topics" title="Template talk:Serbia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Serbia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Serbia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Serbia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Serbia" title="Outline of Serbia">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia" title="History of Serbia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Serbian_history" title="Timeline of Serbian history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Serbia">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_heritage_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman heritage in Serbia">Roman times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" title="Grand Principality of Serbia">Grand Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Serbia" title="Moravian Serbia">Moravian Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Despotate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Serbia" title="Ottoman Serbia">Ottoman period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(1718%E2%80%931739)" title="Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739)">Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Serbia" title="History of modern Serbia">History of modern Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Serbia" title="Revolutionary Serbia">Revolutionary Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia_after_1918" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Serbia after 1918">Since 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">German occupation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Nedić's regime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Socialist Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)">Federal Republic (1992–2006)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitals_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitals of Serbia">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Serbia" title="Demographic history of Serbia">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Serbia" title="LGBT history in Serbia">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Serbia" title="Military history of Serbia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of the Serbs">Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Serbia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Serbia">Postal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="772" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Serbia" title="Geography of Serbia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Serbia" title="List of caves in Serbia">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Serbia" title="Climate of Serbia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Serbia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Serbia" title="List of rivers of Serbia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_swamps_in_Serbia" title="List of swamps in Serbia">Swamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Serbia" title="Geology of Serbia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Serbia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Serbia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Serbia" title="Fauna of Serbia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Serbia" title="List of islands of Serbia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Serbia" title="List of lakes of Serbia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Serbia" title="List of mountains in Serbia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfalls_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfalls of Serbia">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governance of Serbia">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Serbia" title="Administrative divisions of Serbia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Serbia" title="Constitution of Serbia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Serbia" title="Elections in Serbia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" title="Foreign relations of Serbia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Serbia" title="Government of Serbia">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Serbia" title="Human rights in Serbia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Serbia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Serbia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Armed_Forces" title="Serbian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_General_Staff" title="Serbian General Staff">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Serbian_General_Staff" title="Chief of the Serbian General Staff">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Serbia" title="President of the National Assembly of Serbia">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Serbia" title="List of political parties in Serbia">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Serbia" title="Economy of Serbia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Serbia" title="Banking in Serbia">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Serbia" title="National Bank of Serbia">National Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_national_banks_of_Serbia_and_Yugoslavia" title="List of governors of national banks of Serbia and Yugoslavia">governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_dinar" title="Serbian dinar">Dinar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Serbia" title="Healthcare in Serbia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_Serbia" title="Insurance in Serbia">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Stock_Exchange" title="Belgrade Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Serbia" title="Taxation in Serbia">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Serbia" title="Agriculture in Serbia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Serbia" title="Automotive industry in Serbia">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Serbia" title="List of companies of Serbia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Serbia" title="Energy in Serbia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Forestry in Serbia">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Serbia" title="Telecommunications in Serbia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Serbia" title="Tourism in Serbia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Serbia" title="Transport in Serbia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Serbia" title="List of shopping malls in Serbia">Shopping malls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_Serbia" title="List of supermarket chains in Serbia">Supermarkets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Serbia" title="Category:Society of Serbia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Serbia" title="Crime in Serbia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Serbia" title="Education in Serbia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Serbia">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="People of Serbia">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Religion</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Serbia" title="Culture of Serbia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Serbia" title="Architecture of Serbia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_art" title="Serbian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian clan">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Serbia" title="Education in Serbia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Serbia">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_national_identity" title="Serbian national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Heritage_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Heritage of Serbia">Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Serbian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_literature" title="Serbian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Serbia" title="Music of Serbia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Serbia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian names">Naming culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Serbia" title="Public holidays in Serbia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Serbia" title="National symbols of Serbia">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Serbia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Serbia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Serbia" title="Demographics of Serbia">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Serbia" title="Languages of Serbia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Serbia" title="List of people from Serbia">Notable people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_actors" title="List of Serbian actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_architects" title="List of Serbian architects">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Serbian inventions and discoveries">Inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_musicians" title="List of Serbian musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_sportspeople" title="List of Serbian sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Serbia" title="Christianity in Serbia">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_the_Serbian_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Serbia">Roman Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Serbia" title="Protestantism in Serbia">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism in Serbia">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Serbia" title="Islam in Serbia">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Serbia" title="History of the Jews in Serbia">Judaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Serbia" title="Sport in Serbia">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Federations: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_Federation_of_Serbia" title="Basketball Federation of Serbia">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_Federation_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Federation of Serbia">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball_Federation_of_Serbia" title="Handball Federation of Serbia">Handball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_League_of_Serbia" title="Basketball League of Serbia">Basketball superleague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Serbia" title="Football in Serbia">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_at_the_Olympics" title="Serbia at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> 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