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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_kodeks_nomenklature_gajenih_biljaka" title="Međunarodni kodeks nomenklature gajenih biljaka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Međunarodni kodeks nomenklature gajenih biljaka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codi_Internacional_de_Nomenclatura_per_a_Plantes_Cultivades" title="Codi Internacional de Nomenclatura per a Plantes Cultivades – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Codi Internacional de Nomenclatura per a Plantes Cultivades" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaler_Code_der_Nomenklatur_der_Kulturpflanzen" title="Internationaler Code der Nomenklatur der Kulturpflanzen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internationaler Code der Nomenklatur der Kulturpflanzen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_Internacional_de_Nomenclatura_para_Plantas_Cultivadas" title="Código Internacional de Nomenclatura para Plantas Cultivadas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Código Internacional de Nomenclatura para Plantas Cultivadas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacia_Kodo_de_Nomenklaturo_por_Kultivataj_Plantoj" title="Internacia Kodo de Nomenklaturo por Kultivataj Plantoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Internacia Kodo de Nomenklaturo por Kultivataj Plantoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_international_pour_la_nomenclature_des_plantes_cultiv%C3%A9es" title="Code international pour la nomenclature des plantes cultivées – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Code international pour la nomenclature des plantes cultivées" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_Internacional_de_Nomenclatura_de_Plantas_Cultivadas" title="Código Internacional de Nomenclatura de Plantas Cultivadas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Código Internacional de Nomenclatura de Plantas Cultivadas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codice_internazionale_per_la_nomenclatura_delle_piante_coltivate" title="Codice internazionale per la nomenclatura delle piante coltivate – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Codice internazionale per la nomenclatura delle piante coltivate" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B5%BB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇൻ്റർനാഷണൽ കോഡ് ഓഫ് നോമൺക്ലേച്യർ ഫോർ കൾട്ടിവേറ്റഡ് പ്ലാന്റ്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇൻ്റർനാഷണൽ കോഡ് ഓഫ് നോമൺക്ലേച്യർ ഫോർ കൾട്ടിവേറ്റഡ് പ്ലാന്റ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICNCP" title="ICNCP – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="ICNCP" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_kodeks_nomenklatury_ro%C5%9Blin_uprawnych" title="Międzynarodowy kodeks nomenklatury roślin uprawnych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzynarodowy kodeks nomenklatury roślin uprawnych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_Internacional_de_Nomenclatura_de_Plantas_Cultivadas" title="Código Internacional de Nomenclatura de Plantas Cultivadas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Código Internacional de Nomenclatura de Plantas Cultivadas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Международный кодекс номенклатуры культурных растений – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Международный кодекс номенклатуры культурных растений" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91narodni_kodeks_nomenklature_gajenih_biljaka" title="Međnarodni kodeks nomenklature gajenih biljaka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Međnarodni kodeks nomenklature gajenih biljaka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="பயிரிடப்படும் தாவரங்களுக்கான அனைத்துலக பெயரிடல் முறைமைக் குறியீடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பயிரிடப்படும் தாவரங்களுக்கான அனைத்துலக பெயரிடல் முறைமைக் குறியீடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Guide for naming cultivated plant varieties</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=&rft.place=The+Netherlands&rft.pages=190"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants.png/220px-International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/65/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants.png 1.5x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="374" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editors</th><td class="infobox-data">Christopher D. Brickell, Crinan Alexander, Janet J. Cubey, John C. David, Marco H.A. Hoffman, Alan C. Leslie, Valéry Malécot, Xiaobai Jin, et al.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Release number</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cultivated_plant_taxonomy" title="Cultivated plant taxonomy">Cultivated plant taxonomy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Horticultural_Science" title="International Society for Horticultural Science">International Society for Horticultural Science</a> <span class="nowrap">(June 2016)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">The Netherlands</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">190</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-6261-116-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-6261-116-0">978-94-6261-116-0</a> <span class="nowrap">(9th ed.)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049405">.mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}</style><span class="noitalic">8th edition <span class="nowrap">(October 2009)</span></span> </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ishs.org/scripta-horticulturae/international-code-nomenclature-cultivated-plants-ninth-edition">www<wbr />.ishs<wbr />.org<wbr />/scripta-horticulturae<wbr />/international-code-nomenclature-cultivated-plants-ninth-edition</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i><b>International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants</b></i> (<b>ICNCP</b>) is a guide to the rules and regulations for naming <a href="/wiki/Cultigen" title="Cultigen">cultigens</a>, plants whose origin or selection is primarily due to intentional human activity.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as <b>Cultivated Plant Code</b>. Cultigens under the purview of the ICNCP include <i><a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a></i>, Groups (<i><a href="/wiki/Cultivar_group" title="Cultivar group">cultivar groups</a></i>), and <i><a href="/wiki/Grex_(horticulture)" title="Grex (horticulture)">grexes</a></i>. All organisms traditionally considered to be plants (including <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a>) are included.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">Taxa</a> that receive a name under the <i>ICNCP</i> will also be included within taxa named under the <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example, a cultivar is a member of a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brief_history">Brief history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Brief history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cultivated_plant_taxonomy" title="Cultivated plant taxonomy">Cultivated plant taxonomy</a></div> <p>The first edition of the <i>ICNCP</i>, which was agreed in 1952 in <a href="/wiki/Wageningen" title="Wageningen">Wageningen</a> and published in 1953, has been followed by seven subsequent editions – in 1958 (<a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>), 1961 (update of 1958), 1969 (<a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>), 1980 (<a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>), 1995 (<a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>), 2004 (<a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>) and 2009 (<a href="/wiki/Wageningen" title="Wageningen">Wageningen</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ICNCP_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICNCP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ninth (most recent) edition was published in 2016 (<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Stearn" class="mw-redirect" title="William Stearn">William Stearn</a> has outlined the origins of <i>ICNCP</i>, tracing it back to the International Horticultural Congress of Brussels in 1864, when a letter from <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Candolle" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonse de Candolle">Alphonse de Candolle</a> to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jacques_%C3%89douard_Morren" title="Charles Jacques Édouard Morren">Edouard Morren</a> was tabled. This set out de Candolle's view that Latin names should be reserved for species and varieties found in the wild, with non-Latin or "fancy" names used for garden forms. <a href="/wiki/Karl_Koch_(botanist)" title="Karl Koch (botanist)">Karl Koch</a> supported this position at the 1865 International Botanical and Horticultural Congress and at the 1866 International Botanical Congress, where he suggested that future congresses should deal with nomenclatural matters. De Candolle, who had a legal background, drew up the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Lois de la Nomenclature botanique</i></span> (rules of botanical nomenclature). When adopted by the International Botanical Congress of Paris in 1867, this became the first version of today's <i><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a></i> (<i>ICN</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article 40 of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Lois de la Nomenclature botanique</i></span> dealt with the names of plants of horticultural origin: </p> <blockquote><p>Among cultivated plants, seedlings, crosses [<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">métis</i></span>] of uncertain origin and sports, receive fancy names in common language, as distinct as possible from the Latin names of species or varieties. When they can be traced back to a botanical species, subspecies or variety, this is indicated by a sequence of names (Pelargonium zonale <i>Mistress-Pollock</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>This Article survived redrafting of the <i>International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature</i> until 1935 and its core sentiments remain in the present-day <i>ICNCP</i> of 2009. </p><p>The first version (1953) was published by the Royal Horticultural Society as a 29-page booklet, edited by <a href="/wiki/William_Stearn" class="mw-redirect" title="William Stearn">William Stearn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the structure of the <i>Botanical Code</i>, the <i>ICNCP</i> is set out in the form of an initial set of Principles followed by Rules and Recommendations that are subdivided into Articles. Amendments to the <i>ICNCP</i> are prompted by international symposia for cultivated plant taxonomy which allow for rulings made by the International Commission on the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants. Each new version includes a summary of the changes made to the previous version; the changes have also been summarised for the period 1953 to 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_examples">Name examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cultigen" title="Cultigen">Cultigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">Cultivar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultivar_group" title="Cultivar group">Group</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grex_(horticulture)" title="Grex (horticulture)">Grex (horticulture)</a></div> <p>The <i>ICNCP</i> operates within the framework of the <i>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</i> which regulates the scientific names of plants. The following are some examples of names governed by the <i>ICNCP</i>: </p> <ul><li><i>Clematis alpina</i> 'Ruby': a <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivar</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>; the cultivar epithet is in single quotes and capitalized.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_%27Elizabeth%27" title="Magnolia 'Elizabeth'"><i>Magnolia</i> 'Elizabeth'</a>: a selected clone (cultivar) among a pool of <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrids</a> between two species, <i><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_acuminata" title="Magnolia acuminata">Magnolia acuminata</a></i> (cucumbertree) and <i><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_denudata" title="Magnolia denudata">Magnolia denudata</a></i> (Yulan magnolia).</li> <li><i>Rhododendron boothii</i> Mishmiense Group: a <a href="/wiki/Cultivar_group" title="Cultivar group">cultivar group</a> name; both the name of the cultivar group and the word "Group" are capitalized and not enclosed in quotes.</li> <li><i>Paphiopedilum</i> Maudiae 'The Queen': a combination of <a href="/wiki/Grex_(horticulture)" title="Grex (horticulture)">grex</a> name and cultivar name; the name of the grex is capitalized, and may be followed by a clonal (cultivar) name such as 'The Queen' in this case. <i>Paphiopedilum</i> Maudiae is a hybrid between <i><a href="/wiki/Paphiopedilum_callosum" title="Paphiopedilum callosum">Paphiopedilum callosum</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paphiopedilum_lawrenceanum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum (page does not exist)">Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum</a></i>. 'The Queen' is a selected clone (cultivar).</li> <li>Apple 'Jonathan': permitted use of an unambiguous common name with a cultivar epithet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%2B_Crataegomespilus" title="+ Crataegomespilus">+ <i>Crataegomespilus</i></a>: a graft-<a href="/wiki/Chimera_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimera (biology)">chimera</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">Crataegus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mespilus" title="Mespilus">Mespilus</a></i></li></ul> <p>Note that the <i>ICNCP</i> does not regulate trademarks for plants: trademarks are regulated by the law of the land involved. Nor does the <i>ICNCP</i> regulate the naming of <a href="/wiki/Plant_variety_(law)" title="Plant variety (law)">plant varieties</a> in the legal sense of that term. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trade_designations">Trade designations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trade designations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many plants have "selling names" or "marketing names" as well as a cultivar name; the <i>ICNCP</i> refers to these as "trade designations". Only the cultivar name is governed by the <i>ICNCP</i>. It is required to be unique; in accordance with the principle of priority, it will be the first name that is published or that is registered by the discoverer or breeder of the cultivar.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trade designations are not regulated by the <i>ICNCP</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they may be different in different countries. Thus the German rose breeder <a href="/wiki/W._Kordes%27_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="W. Kordes' Sons">Reimer Kordes</a> registered a white rose in 1958 as the cultivar 'KORbin'. This is sold in the United Kingdom under the selling name "<a href="/wiki/Rosa_Iceberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosa Iceberg">Iceberg</a>", in France as "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fée des Neiges</i></span>" and in Germany as "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schneewittchen</i></span>".<sup id="cite_ref-Beales2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beales2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trade designations are not enclosed in single quotes. The <i>ICNCP</i> states that "trade designations must always be distinguished typographically from cultivar, Group and grex epithets."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It uses small capitals for this purpose, thus <i>Syringa vulgaris</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">Ludwig Spaeth</span> (trade designation) is distinguished from <i>S. vulgaris</i> 'Andenken an Ludwig Späth' (cultivar name).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources, including the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">Royal Horticultural Society</a>, instead use a different font for selling names, e.g. <i>Rosa</i> <span class="trade_designation" style="font-family:'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','DejaVu Sans Mono','Andale Mono',Monaco,'Lucida Sans Typewriter',Consolas,'Lucida Console','Ubuntu Mono','Courier New',Courier New,FreeMono,monospace; word-spacing: -0.15em; letter-spacing: -0.04em; margin-left: 0.05em;">Iceberg</span> 'KORbin'.<sup id="cite_ref-Beales2011_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beales2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultigen" title="Cultigen">Cultigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultivated_plant_taxonomy" title="Cultivated plant taxonomy">Cultivated plant taxonomy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cultivar_Registration_Authority" title="International Cultivar Registration Authority">International Cultivar Registration Authority</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr"><i>Dans les plantes cultivées, les semis, les métis d'origin obscure et les </i>sports<i>, reçoivent des noms de fantaisie, en langue vulgaire, aussi différents que possible des noms latins d'espèces ou de variétés. Quand on peut les rattacher à une espèce, à une sous espèce ou une variété botanique, on l'indique par la succession des noms (Pelargonium zonale </i>Mistress-Pollock<i>)."</i></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the modern style the species name would be italicized and the cultivar name (fancy name) put in quotes, e.g. <i>Pelargonium zonale</i> 'Mistress Pollock'.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpencerCross2007">Spencer & Cross (2007)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrickell2009">Brickell (2009</a>, p. xi), Preface</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrickell2009">Brickell (2009</a>, p. 5), Article 1.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICNCP-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICNCP_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrickell2009">Brickell (2009)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrickell2016">Brickell (2016)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStearn1952">Stearn (1952)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStearn1952a">Stearn (1952a)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Candolle1867">de Candolle (1867</a>, p. 24)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrickell2009">Brickell (2009</a>, p. xix), Previous editions</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrehane2004">Trehane (2004</a>, pp. 17–27)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrickell2009">Brickell (2009</a>, p. 3), Principle 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrickell2009">Brickell (2009</a>, p. 4), Principle 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beales2011-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beales2011_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beales2011_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeales2011">Beales (2011</a>, p. 41)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrickell2009">Brickell (2009</a>, p. 21), Article 17.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrickell2009">Brickell (2009</a>, p. 17)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeales2011" class="citation journal cs1">Beales, Peter (October 2011). "Last of the Roses". <i>The Garden</i>. <b>136</b> (10).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Garden&rft.atitle=Last+of+the+Roses&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=10&rft.date=2011-10&rft.aulast=Beales&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrickell2009" class="citation journal cs1">Brickell, C.D.; et al., eds. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actahort.org/chronica/pdf/sh_10.pdf">"International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Scripta Horticulturae</i>. <b>10</b> (8th ed.). International Society of Horticultural Science: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-643-09440-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-643-09440-6"><bdi>978-0-643-09440-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scripta+Horticulturae&rft.atitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E184&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-643-09440-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.actahort.org%2Fchronica%2Fpdf%2Fsh_10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrickell2016" class="citation journal cs1">Brickell, C.D.; et al., eds. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ishs.org/sites/default/files/static/ScriptaHorticulturae_18.pdf">"International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Scripta Horticulturae</i>. <b>18</b> (9th ed.). International Society of Horticultural Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-6261-116-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-6261-116-0"><bdi>978-94-6261-116-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scripta+Horticulturae&rft.atitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants&rft.volume=18&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-94-6261-116-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ishs.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fstatic%2FScriptaHorticulturae_18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Candolle1867" class="citation book cs1">de Candolle, Alphonse (1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S-QkAAAAYAAJ"><i>Lois de la nomenclature botanique adoptées par le Congrès international de botanique, tenu à Paris en août 1867; suivies d'une 2e édition de l'introduction historique et du commentaire qui accompagnaient la rédaction préparatoire présentée au Congrès</i></a>. Geneva and Basle: H. Georg. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17409844">17409844</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The International Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants of the International Union of Biological Sciences, Report of the Inaugural Meeting at Utrecht from 21st–23rd November, 1". <i><a href="/wiki/Taxon_(journal)" title="Taxon (journal)">Taxon</a></i>. <b>6</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">13–</span>17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1996-8175.1957.tb02687.x">10.1002/j.1996-8175.1957.tb02687.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1217864">1217864</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.atitle=The+International+Commission+for+the+Nomenclature+of+Cultivated+Plants+of+the+International+Union+of+Biological+Sciences%2C+Report+of+the+Inaugural+Meeting+at+Utrecht+from+21st%E2%80%9323rd+November%2C+1&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.date=1957-01%2F1957-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1996-8175.1957.tb02687.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1217864%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=H.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencerCross2007" class="citation journal cs1">Spencer, R.D.; Cross, R.G. 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"The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), and the cultigen". <i><a href="/wiki/Taxon_(journal)" title="Taxon (journal)">Taxon</a></i>. <b>56</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">938–</span>940. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F25065875">10.2307/25065875</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25065875">25065875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.atitle=The+International+Code+of+Botanical+Nomenclature+%28ICBN%29%2C+the+International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants+%28ICNCP%29%2C+and+the+cultigen&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E938-%3C%2Fspan%3E940&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F25065875&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25065875%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=R.D.&rft.au=Cross%2C+R.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStearn1952" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_T._Stearn" title="William T. 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T.</a> (7 September 1952a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418020002/http://www.bsi.org/brom_info/cultivar/ICNCP.html"><i>International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants</i></a> (Speech). Opening of the 13th International Horticultural Congress of London in September 1952. <i>Bromeliad Society International</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsi.org/brom_info/cultivar/ICNCP.html">the original</a> on 18 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants&rft.place=London&rft.date=1952-09-07&rft.aulast=Stearn&rft.aufirst=W.+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsi.org%2Fbrom_info%2Fcultivar%2FICNCP.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrehane2004" class="citation journal cs1">Trehane, P. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?booknrarnr=634_1">"50 years of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants: Future prospects for the Code"</a>. <i>Acta Horticulturae</i>. <b>634</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Horticulturae&rft.atitle=50+years+of+the+International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants%3A+Future+prospects+for+the+Code&rft.volume=634&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Trehane&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.actahort.org%2Fmembers%2Fshowpdf%3Fbooknrarnr%3D634_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyman1956" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Wyman" title="Donald Wyman">Wyman, Donald</a> (26 December 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170505151406/http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1958-18--the-new-international-code-of-nomenclature-for-cultivated-plants.pdf">"The new International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Arboretum" title="Arnold Arboretum">Arnoldia</a></i>. <b>18</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">63–</span>68. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1958-18--the-new-international-code-of-nomenclature-for-cultivated-plants.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arnoldia&rft.atitle=The+new+International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E63-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=1956-12-26&rft.aulast=Wyman&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu%2Fpdf%2Farticles%2F1958-18--the-new-international-code-of-nomenclature-for-cultivated-plants.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050306203301/http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hcs/TMI/HORT234/Nomenclature.html">Adams, Denise (2000) "Language of Horticulture" Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University</a> from Web Archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edepot.wur.nl/348350">International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants Dutch version 1953</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eplantscience.com/index/icncp.php">The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) at Biocyclopedia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180419031654/http://www.eplantscience.com/index/icncp.php">Archived</a> 19 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ishs.org/sites/default/files/static/ScriptaHorticulturae_18.pdf">PDF of 9th edition of ICNCP</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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title="Lycophyte">Lycophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatophyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatophyte">Spermatophytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnosperm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_anatomy" title="Plant anatomy">Plant anatomy</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_morphology" title="Plant morphology">Plant morphology</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_plant_morphology" title="Glossary of plant morphology">glossary</a>)</span></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_cell" title="Plant cell">Plant cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cell_wall" title="Cell wall">Cell wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phragmoplast" title="Phragmoplast">Phragmoplast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">Plastid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmodesma" title="Plasmodesma">Plasmodesma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuole" title="Vacuole">Vacuole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">Tissues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_cambium" title="Cork cambium">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_tissue" title="Ground tissue">Ground tissue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaf#Mesophyll" title="Leaf">Mesophyll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem">Meristem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_organ" title="Storage organ">Storage organs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_tissue" title="Vascular tissue">Vascular tissue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_bundle" title="Vascular bundle">Vascular bundle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%">Vegetative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulb" title="Bulb">Bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizoid" title="Rhizoid">Rhizoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">Rhizome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">Shoot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bud" title="Bud">Bud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">Leaf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cataphyll" title="Cataphyll">Cataphyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">Petiole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessility_(botany)" title="Sessility (botany)">Sessility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">Stem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproductive_morphology" title="Plant reproductive morphology">Reproductive</a><br />(incl. Flower)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archegonium" title="Archegonium">Archegonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antheridium" title="Antheridium">Antheridium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">Androecium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">Stamen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anther" class="mw-redirect" title="Anther">Anther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen#Morphology_and_terminology" title="Stamen">Filament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staminode" title="Staminode">Staminode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapetum_(botany)" title="Tapetum (botany)">Tapetum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">Flower</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestivation_(botany)" title="Aestivation (botany)">Aestivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_model_of_flower_development" title="ABC model of flower development">Flower development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_diagram" title="Floral diagram">Floral diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_formula" title="Floral formula">Floral formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_symmetry" title="Floral symmetry">Floral symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whorl_(botany)" title="Whorl (botany)">Whorl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit anatomy">Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_(fruit)" title="Capsule (fruit)">Capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrena" title="Pyrena">Pyrena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">Seed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seed_dispersal" title="Seed dispersal">Dispersal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">Endosperm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gametophyte" title="Gametophyte">Gametophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_(botany)" title="Column (botany)">Gynandrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynoecium" title="Gynoecium">Gynoecium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">Carpel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">Ovary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locule" title="Locule">Locule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovule" title="Ovule">Ovule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">Stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(botany)" title="Style (botany)">Style</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypanthium" title="Hypanthium">Hypanthium (Floral cup)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">Inflorescence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">Bract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedicel_(botany)" title="Pedicel (botany)">Pedicellate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raceme" title="Raceme">Raceme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbel" title="Umbel">Umbel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perianth" title="Perianth">Perianth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepal" title="Tepal">Tepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">Petal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">Sepal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryo#Plant_embryos" title="Embryo">Plant embryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receptacle_(botany)" title="Receptacle (botany)">Receptacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporophyll" title="Sporophyll">Sporophyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporophyte" title="Sporophyte">Sporophyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%">Surface structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cuticle" title="Plant cuticle">Cuticle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicuticular_wax" title="Epicuticular wax">Epicuticular wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(botany)" title="Epidermis (botany)">Epidermis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">Nectar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoma" title="Stoma">Stoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles" title="Thorns, spines, and prickles">Thorns, spines, and prickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichome" title="Trichome">Trichome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_physiology" title="Plant physiology">Plant physiology</a><br />Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleurone" title="Aleurone">Aleurone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apical_dominance" title="Apical dominance">Apical dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_movement" title="Bulk movement">Bulk flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">Cellulose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_nutrition" title="Plant nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">Photosynthesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">Chlorophyll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytomelanin" title="Phytomelanin">Phytomelanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_hormone" title="Plant hormone">Plant hormones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system#Plants" title="Respiratory system">Respiration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_exchange#Plants" title="Gas exchange">Gas Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_respiration" title="Cellular respiration">Cellular respiration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">Sap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">Starch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transpiration" title="Transpiration">Transpiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgor_pressure" title="Turgor pressure">Turgor pressure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%">Plant growth<br />and habit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habit_(biology)#Structure" title="Habit (biology)">Habit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cushion_plant" title="Cushion plant">Cushion plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(botany)" title="Rosette (botany)">Rosettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">Shrubs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prostrate_shrub" title="Prostrate shrub">Prostrate shrubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subshrub" title="Subshrub">Subshrubs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succulent_plant" title="Succulent plant">Succulent plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">Vines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liana" title="Liana">Lianas</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">Herbaceous plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_growth" title="Secondary growth">Secondary growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_plant" title="Woody plant">Woody plants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproduction" title="Plant reproduction">Reproduction</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_evolution" title="Plant evolution">Evolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_ecology" title="Plant ecology">Ecology</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternation_of_generations" title="Alternation of generations">Alternation of generations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_fertilization" title="Double fertilization">Double fertilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_evolutionary_developmental_biology" title="Plant evolutionary developmental biology">Evolutionary development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants" title="Evolutionary history of plants">Evolutionary history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_plant_evolution" title="Timeline of plant evolution">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">Germination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">Pollination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_pollination" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial pollination">Artificial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator" title="Pollinator">Pollinators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollen_tube" title="Pollen tube">Pollen tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-pollination" title="Self-pollination">Self</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporangium" title="Sporangium">Sporangium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsporangia" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsporangia">Microsporangia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microspore" title="Microspore">Microspore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporangium" title="Sporangium">Megasporangium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megaspore" title="Megaspore">Megaspore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spore" title="Spore">Spore</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_taxonomy" title="Plant taxonomy">Plant taxonomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Biological classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_nomenclature" title="Botanical nomenclature">Botanical nomenclature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">Botanical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correct_name" title="Correct name">Correct name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">Author citation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultivated_plant_taxonomy" title="Cultivated plant taxonomy">Cultivated plant taxonomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy" title="Citrus taxonomy">Citrus taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultigen" title="Cultigen">Cultigen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">Cultivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultivar_group" title="Cultivar group">Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grex_(horticulture)" title="Grex (horticulture)">Grex</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_plant_systematics" title="History of plant systematics">History of plant systematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">Herbarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Plant_Taxonomy" title="International Association for Plant Taxonomy">International Association for Plant Taxonomy</a> (IAPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy">Plant taxonomy systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">Taxonomic rank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%">Practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">Agronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture" title="Floriculture">Floriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytochemical" title="Phytochemical">Phytochemical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Lists</li><li>Related topics</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms" title="Glossary of botanical terms">Botanical terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists" title="List of botanists">Botanists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(W%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of botanists by author abbreviation (W–Z)">by author abbreviation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_expeditions" title="Botanical expeditions">Botanical expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_trees" title="List of individual trees">Individual trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_plants" title="Lists of plants">Plants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Botany" 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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>16 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-k5wd5","wgBackendResponseTime":1076,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.676","walltime":"0.924","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2797,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":66493,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4448,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":51847,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 660.568 1 -total"," 18.24% 120.500 1 Template:Infobox_book"," 15.49% 102.323 1 Template:Infobox"," 15.32% 101.210 1 Template:Botany"," 15.20% 100.423 6 Template:Lang"," 14.45% 95.427 1 Template:Short_description"," 12.41% 81.988 8 Template:Cite_journal"," 8.62% 56.948 2 Template:Reflist"," 6.45% 42.603 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.41% 42.366 9 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