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</label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bud</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%85" title="برعم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برعم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borjon_(botanica)" title="Borjon (botanica) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Borjon (botanica)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gua%C3%B1u" title="Guañu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guañu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF" title="কুঁড়ি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুঁড়ি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пупышка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пупышка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupoljak" title="Pupoljak – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pupoljak" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemma_(bot%C3%A0nica)" title="Gemma (botànica) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gemma (botànica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Папак – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Папак" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupen" title="Pupen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pupen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knop_(plantedel)" title="Knop (plantedel) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Knop (plantedel)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knospe" title="Knospe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Knospe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pung" title="Pung – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pung" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bur%C4%9Dono" title="Burĝono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Burĝono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begi_(botanika)" title="Begi (botanika) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Begi (botanika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_(%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="جوانه (گیاه‌شناسی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوانه (گیاه‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourgeon_(botanique)" title="Bourgeon (botanique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bourgeon (botanique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knop_(diel_fan_in_plant)" title="Knop (diel fan in plant) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Knop (diel fan in plant)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomo" title="Gomo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gomo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%88%88_(%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="눈 (식물학) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="눈 (식물학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%BB" title="Բողբոջ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բողբոջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="कली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pup" title="Pup – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pup" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burjono" title="Burjono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Burjono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuncup" title="Kuncup – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuncup" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemma_(botanica)" title="Gemma (botanica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gemma (botanica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9F" title="ניצן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניצן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81" title="ಮೊಗ್ಗು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೊಗ್ಗು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კვირტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კვირტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Бүршік – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бүршік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumpurs" title="Pumpurs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pumpurs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumpuras" title="Pumpuras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pumpuras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCgy" title="Rügy – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rügy" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пупка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пупка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82" title="മുകുളം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുകുളം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="გვიგვილი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გვიგვილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knop_(plant)" title="Knop (plant) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Knop (plant)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF" title="बुँचुलि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बुँचुलि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%BD" title="芽 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="芽" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knopp_(botanikk)" title="Knopp (botanikk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Knopp (botanikk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borron_(botanica)" title="Borron (botanica) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Borron (botanica)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtak" title="Kurtak – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kurtak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਕਲੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%85k" title="Pąk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pąk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomo_(bot%C3%A2nica)" title="Gomo (botânica) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gomo (botânica)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugur" title="Mugur – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mugur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukmu" title="Mukmu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mukmu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Почка (ботаника) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Почка (ботаника)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/langaw" title="langaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="langaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%85" title="කැකුළ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කැකුළ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brst" title="Brst – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Brst" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Пупољак – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пупољак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pup" title="Pup – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pup" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silmu" title="Silmu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Silmu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knopp" title="Knopp – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Knopp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buko_(usbong)" title="Buko (usbong) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Buko (usbong)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="மொட்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akebbib" title="Akebbib – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Akebbib" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97" title="మొగ్గ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొగ్గ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Flower bud" redirects here. For EP of GFriend, see <a href="/wiki/Flower_Bud" title="Flower Bud">Flower Bud</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For usage in <a href="/wiki/Asexual_reproduction" title="Asexual reproduction">asexual reproduction</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Budding" title="Budding">Budding</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bud_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bud (disambiguation)">Bud (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fagus_sylvatica_bud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fagus_sylvatica_bud.jpg/330px-Fagus_sylvatica_bud.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fagus_sylvatica_bud.jpg/500px-Fagus_sylvatica_bud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fagus_sylvatica_bud.jpg/960px-Fagus_sylvatica_bud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4356" data-file-height="2724" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/European_beech" class="mw-redirect" title="European beech">European beech</a> (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i>) bud</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>, a <b>bud</b> is an undeveloped or <a href="/wiki/Plant_embryogenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant embryogenesis">embryonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">shoot</a> and normally occurs in the <a href="/wiki/Axil" class="mw-redirect" title="Axil">axil</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">leaf</a> or at the tip of a <a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">stem</a>. Once formed, a bud may remain for some time in a <a href="/wiki/Dormancy" title="Dormancy">dormant</a> condition, or it may form a shoot immediately. Buds may be specialized to develop <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> or short shoots or may have the potential for general shoot development. The term bud is also used in <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a>, where it refers to an outgrowth from the body which can develop into a new individual. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bud&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halesia_carolina,_skubblare,_Manie_van_der_Schijff_BT,_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Halesia_carolina%2C_skubblare%2C_Manie_van_der_Schijff_BT%2C_a.jpg/220px-Halesia_carolina%2C_skubblare%2C_Manie_van_der_Schijff_BT%2C_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Halesia_carolina%2C_skubblare%2C_Manie_van_der_Schijff_BT%2C_a.jpg/330px-Halesia_carolina%2C_skubblare%2C_Manie_van_der_Schijff_BT%2C_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Halesia_carolina%2C_skubblare%2C_Manie_van_der_Schijff_BT%2C_a.jpg/440px-Halesia_carolina%2C_skubblare%2C_Manie_van_der_Schijff_BT%2C_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3199" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">Inflorescence</a> bud scales in <i><a href="/wiki/Halesia_carolina" title="Halesia carolina">Halesia carolina</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The buds of many <a href="/wiki/Woody_plant" title="Woody plant">woody plants</a>, especially in temperate or cold climates, are protected by a covering of modified leaves called <i>scales</i> which tightly enclose the more delicate parts of the bud. Many bud scales are covered by a gummy substance which serves as added protection. When the bud develops, the scales may enlarge somewhat but usually just drop off, leaving a series of horizontally-elongated <a href="/wiki/Scar" title="Scar">scars</a> on the surface of the growing stem. By means of these scars one can determine the age of any young branch, since each year's growth ends in the formation of a bud, the formation of which produces an additional group of bud scale scars. Continued growth of the branch causes these scars to be obliterated after a few years so that the total age of older branches cannot be determined by this means.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In many plants, scales do not form over the bud, and the bud is then called a naked bud.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The minute underdeveloped leaves in such buds are often excessively hairy. Naked buds are found in some shrubs, like some species of the <a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viburnum" title="Viburnum">Viburnums</a> (<i>Viburnum alnifolium</i> and <i>V. lantana</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbaceous">herbaceous</a> plants. In many of the latter, buds are even more reduced, often consisting of undifferentiated masses of cells in the axils of leaves. A terminal bud occurs on the end of a stem and lateral buds are found on the side. A head of <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Brassica" title="Brassica">Brassica</a>) is an exceptionally large terminal bud, while <a href="/wiki/Brussels_sprout" title="Brussels sprout">Brussels sprouts</a> are large lateral buds.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since buds are formed in the axils of leaves, their distribution on the stem is the same as that of leaves. There are alternate, opposite, and whorled buds, as well as the terminal bud at the tip of the stem. In many plants buds appear in unexpected places: these are known as adventitious buds.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Often it is possible to find a bud in a remarkable series of gradations of bud scales. In the <a href="/wiki/Aesculus" title="Aesculus">buckeye</a>, for example, one may see a complete gradation from the small brown outer scale through larger scales which on unfolding become somewhat green to the inner scales of the bud, which are remarkably leaf-like. Such a series suggests that the scales of the bud are in truth leaves, modified to protect the more delicate parts of the plant during unfavorable periods.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_buds">Types of buds</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bud&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of buds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plant_Buds_clasification.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Plant_Buds_clasification.svg/250px-Plant_Buds_clasification.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Plant_Buds_clasification.svg/330px-Plant_Buds_clasification.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Plant_Buds_clasification.svg/500px-Plant_Buds_clasification.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Plant buds classification</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ficus_bud.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ficus_bud.JPG/250px-Ficus_bud.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ficus_bud.JPG/330px-Ficus_bud.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ficus_bud.JPG/500px-Ficus_bud.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Terminal, vegetative bud of <i><a href="/wiki/Ficus_carica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ficus carica">Ficus carica</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Buds are often useful in the identification of plants, especially for woody plants in winter when leaves have fallen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buds may be classified and described according to different criteria: location, status, morphology, and function.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Botanists commonly use the following terms: </p> <ul><li>for location:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <ul><li><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="terminal"></span><span class="vanchor-text">terminal</span></span></b>, when located at the tip of a stem (<b>apical</b> is equivalent but rather reserved for the one at the top of the plant);</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Axillary_bud" title="Axillary bud">axillary</a></b>, when located in the axil of a leaf (<b>lateral</b> is the equivalent but some adventitious buds may be lateral too);</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Adventitiousness#Adventitious_buds_and_shoots" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventitiousness">adventitious</a></b>, when located elsewhere, for example on the trunk or roots (some adventitious buds may be former axillary ones that are reduced and hidden under the bark, while other adventitious buds are completely new formed ones).</li></ul></li> <li>for status:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <ul><li><b>accessory</b>, for secondary buds formed besides a principal bud (axillary or terminal);</li> <li><b>resting</b>, for a bud that forms at the end of a growth season, and then lies dormant until the onset of the next growth season;</li> <li><b>dormant</b> or <b>latent</b>, for buds whose growth has been delayed for a rather long time. The term is usable as a synonym of <i>resting</i>, but is better employed for buds waiting undeveloped for years, for example <b><a href="/wiki/Epicormic_shoot#Epicormic_buds" title="Epicormic shoot">epicormic buds</a></b>;</li> <li><b>pseudoterminal</b>, for an axillary bud taking over the function of a terminal bud (characteristic of species whose growth is <a href="/wiki/Sympodial" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympodial">sympodial</a>: terminal bud dies and is replaced by the closer axillary bud, for examples <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persimmon" title="Persimmon">persimmon</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Platanus" title="Platanus">Platanus</a></i> have sympodial growth).</li></ul></li> <li>for morphology: <ul><li><b>scaly</b> or <b>covered</b> (<b>perulate</b>), when scales, also referred to as a perule (lat. perula, perulaei) (which are in fact transformed and reduced leaves) cover and protect the embryonic parts;</li> <li><b>naked</b>, when not covered by scales;</li> <li><b>hairy</b>, when also protected by hairs (it may apply either to scaly or to naked buds).</li></ul></li> <li>for function:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <ul><li><b>vegetative</b>, only containing vegetative structures: a <b>leaf bud</b> is an embryonic shoot containing leaves;</li> <li><b>reproductive</b>, only containing embryonic flower(s): a <b>flower bud</b> contains a single <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flower</a> while an <b>inflorescence bud</b> contains an <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescence</a>;</li> <li><b>mixed</b>, containing both embryonic leaves and flower(s).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_gallery">Image gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bud&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Image gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Buds</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alnus_glutinosa_bud_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alnus glutinosa bud"><img alt="Alnus glutinosa bud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Alnus_glutinosa_bud_2.jpg/195px-Alnus_glutinosa_bud_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Alnus_glutinosa_bud_2.jpg/293px-Alnus_glutinosa_bud_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Alnus_glutinosa_bud_2.jpg/391px-Alnus_glutinosa_bud_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2753" data-file-height="3255" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Alnus_glutinosa" title="Alnus glutinosa">Alnus glutinosa</a></i> bud</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 123.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 121.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tilia_platyphallos_bud.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tilia bud"><img alt="Tilia bud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tilia_platyphallos_bud.jpg/250px-Tilia_platyphallos_bud.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tilia_platyphallos_bud.jpg/330px-Tilia_platyphallos_bud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tilia_platyphallos_bud.jpg/500px-Tilia_platyphallos_bud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2482" data-file-height="3151" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Tilia_platyphyllos" title="Tilia platyphyllos">Tilia</a></i> bud</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buds_of_Fraxinus_excelsior_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Black buds of a European ash, Fraxinus excelsior"><img alt="Black buds of a European ash, Fraxinus excelsior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Buds_of_Fraxinus_excelsior_03.jpg/130px-Buds_of_Fraxinus_excelsior_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Buds_of_Fraxinus_excelsior_03.jpg/195px-Buds_of_Fraxinus_excelsior_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Buds_of_Fraxinus_excelsior_03.jpg/259px-Buds_of_Fraxinus_excelsior_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2310" data-file-height="4112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Black buds of a European ash, <i><a href="/wiki/Fraxinus_excelsior" title="Fraxinus excelsior">Fraxinus excelsior</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quince_Blossom_with_removed_watermark.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A quince's flower bud with spirally folded petals"><img alt="A quince's flower bud with spirally folded petals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Quince_Blossom_with_removed_watermark.jpg/330px-Quince_Blossom_with_removed_watermark.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Quince_Blossom_with_removed_watermark.jpg/500px-Quince_Blossom_with_removed_watermark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Quince_Blossom_with_removed_watermark.jpg/960px-Quince_Blossom_with_removed_watermark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="2180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Quince" title="Quince">quince</a>'s flower bud with spirally folded petals</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 104px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 102px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelumbo_nucifera,_also_known_as_Indian_lotus_in_bud_stage_(Image_7_of_7).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Opening Nelumbo flower bud"><img alt="Opening Nelumbo flower bud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Nelumbo_nucifera%2C_also_known_as_Indian_lotus_in_bud_stage_%28Image_7_of_7%29.jpg/153px-Nelumbo_nucifera%2C_also_known_as_Indian_lotus_in_bud_stage_%28Image_7_of_7%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Nelumbo_nucifera%2C_also_known_as_Indian_lotus_in_bud_stage_%28Image_7_of_7%29.jpg/231px-Nelumbo_nucifera%2C_also_known_as_Indian_lotus_in_bud_stage_%28Image_7_of_7%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Nelumbo_nucifera%2C_also_known_as_Indian_lotus_in_bud_stage_%28Image_7_of_7%29.jpg/307px-Nelumbo_nucifera%2C_also_known_as_Indian_lotus_in_bud_stage_%28Image_7_of_7%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Opening <i><a href="/wiki/Nelumbo" title="Nelumbo">Nelumbo</a></i> flower bud</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coreopsis_tinctoria_cultivar_Uptick_Cream_and_Red_8.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Opening Coreopsis tinctoria flower buds"><img alt="Opening Coreopsis tinctoria flower buds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coreopsis_tinctoria_cultivar_Uptick_Cream_and_Red_8.JPG/330px-Coreopsis_tinctoria_cultivar_Uptick_Cream_and_Red_8.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coreopsis_tinctoria_cultivar_Uptick_Cream_and_Red_8.JPG/500px-Coreopsis_tinctoria_cultivar_Uptick_Cream_and_Red_8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coreopsis_tinctoria_cultivar_Uptick_Cream_and_Red_8.JPG/960px-Coreopsis_tinctoria_cultivar_Uptick_Cream_and_Red_8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5103" data-file-height="3741" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Opening <i><a href="/wiki/Coreopsis_tinctoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coreopsis tinctoria">Coreopsis tinctoria</a></i> flower buds</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 233.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 231.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vitis_vinifera_-_bud0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vitis vinifera flower buds"><img alt="Vitis vinifera flower buds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Vitis_vinifera_-_bud0.jpg/500px-Vitis_vinifera_-_bud0.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Vitis_vinifera_-_bud0.jpg/960px-Vitis_vinifera_-_bud0.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a></i> flower buds</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%83%8F%E6%9D%90%EF%BC%88%E8%BB%9F%E6%AF%9B%E6%9F%BF%EF%BC%89Diospyros_eriantha_20210331093242_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diospyros eriantha bud"><img alt="Diospyros eriantha bud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%E7%83%8F%E6%9D%90%EF%BC%88%E8%BB%9F%E6%AF%9B%E6%9F%BF%EF%BC%89Diospyros_eriantha_20210331093242_04.jpg/250px-%E7%83%8F%E6%9D%90%EF%BC%88%E8%BB%9F%E6%AF%9B%E6%9F%BF%EF%BC%89Diospyros_eriantha_20210331093242_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%E7%83%8F%E6%9D%90%EF%BC%88%E8%BB%9F%E6%AF%9B%E6%9F%BF%EF%BC%89Diospyros_eriantha_20210331093242_04.jpg/330px-%E7%83%8F%E6%9D%90%EF%BC%88%E8%BB%9F%E6%AF%9B%E6%9F%BF%EF%BC%89Diospyros_eriantha_20210331093242_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%E7%83%8F%E6%9D%90%EF%BC%88%E8%BB%9F%E6%AF%9B%E6%9F%BF%EF%BC%89Diospyros_eriantha_20210331093242_04.jpg/500px-%E7%83%8F%E6%9D%90%EF%BC%88%E8%BB%9F%E6%AF%9B%E6%9F%BF%EF%BC%89Diospyros_eriantha_20210331093242_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Diospyros_eriantha" title="Diospyros eriantha">Diospyros eriantha</a></i> bud</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flower_bud_of_Sunflower_-_Helianthus.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Inflorescence bud of the common sunflower (Helianthus annuus)"><img alt="Inflorescence bud of the common sunflower (Helianthus annuus)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flower_bud_of_Sunflower_-_Helianthus.JPG/213px-Flower_bud_of_Sunflower_-_Helianthus.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flower_bud_of_Sunflower_-_Helianthus.JPG/319px-Flower_bud_of_Sunflower_-_Helianthus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flower_bud_of_Sunflower_-_Helianthus.JPG/425px-Flower_bud_of_Sunflower_-_Helianthus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2089" data-file-height="2269" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inflorescence bud of the <a href="/wiki/Common_sunflower" title="Common sunflower">common sunflower</a> (<i>Helianthus annuus</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acanthus_balcanicus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inflorescence bud of Acanthus balcanicus"><img alt="Inflorescence bud of Acanthus balcanicus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Acanthus_balcanicus.jpg/250px-Acanthus_balcanicus.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Acanthus_balcanicus.jpg/500px-Acanthus_balcanicus.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="766" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inflorescence bud of <i><a href="/wiki/Acanthus_balcanicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthus balcanicus">Acanthus balcanicus</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banksia_sessilis_inflorescence_bud_closed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inflorescence bud of the parrot bush (Banksia sessilis)"><img alt="Inflorescence bud of the parrot bush (Banksia sessilis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Banksia_sessilis_inflorescence_bud_closed.jpg/250px-Banksia_sessilis_inflorescence_bud_closed.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Banksia_sessilis_inflorescence_bud_closed.jpg/500px-Banksia_sessilis_inflorescence_bud_closed.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1735" data-file-height="1735" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inflorescence bud of the parrot bush (<i><a href="/wiki/Banksia_sessilis" title="Banksia sessilis">Banksia sessilis</a></i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cynara_cardunculus0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inflorescence bud of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus)"><img alt="Inflorescence bud of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Cynara_cardunculus0.jpg/308px-Cynara_cardunculus0.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Cynara_cardunculus0.jpg/463px-Cynara_cardunculus0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Cynara_cardunculus0.jpg/616px-Cynara_cardunculus0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inflorescence bud of <a href="/wiki/Cardoon" title="Cardoon">cardoon</a> (<i>Cynara cardunculus</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bud1web.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An opening inflorescence bud at left, which will develop like the one to its right"><img alt="An opening inflorescence bud at left, which will develop like the one to its right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bud1web.jpg/250px-Bud1web.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bud1web.jpg/330px-Bud1web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bud1web.jpg/500px-Bud1web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An opening inflorescence bud at left, which will develop like the one to its right</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bud&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walters, Dirk R., and David J. Keil. 1996. <i>Vascular plant taxonomy</i>. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. page 598.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cronquist, Arthur, and Henry A. Gleason. 1991. <i>Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada</i>. Bronx, New York: New York Botanical Garden Press. page 512.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coulter, John G. 1913.<i> Plant life and plant uses; an elementary textbook, a foundation for the study of agriculture, domestic science or college botany</i>. New York: American book company. page 188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTrelease,_W.1967" class="citation cs2">Trelease, W. (1967) [1931], <i>Winter botany: An Identification Guide to Native Trees and Shrubs</i>, New York: Dover Publications, Inc, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0486218007" title="Special:BookSources/0486218007"><bdi>0486218007</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winter+botany%3A+An+Identification+Guide+to+Native+Trees+and+Shrubs&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications%2C+Inc&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0486218007&rft.au=Trelease%2C+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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#C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_botany" title="History of botany">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_botany" title="Outline of botany">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Branches_of_botany" title="Branches of botany">Subdisciplines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeobotany" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeobotany">Archaeobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotany" title="Astrobotany">Astrobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryology" title="Bryology">Bryology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrology" title="Dendrology">Dendrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnobotany" title="Ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleobotany" title="Paleobotany">Paleobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phycology" title="Phycology">Phycology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytochemistry" title="Phytochemistry">Phytochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytogeography" title="Phytogeography">Phytogeography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geobotanical_prospecting" title="Geobotanical prospecting">Geobotany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_anatomy" title="Plant anatomy">Plant anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_ecology" title="Plant ecology">Plant ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_intelligence" title="Plant intelligence">Plant intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_pathology" title="Plant pathology">Plant pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_physiology" title="Plant physiology">Plant physiology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plant</a> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">Algae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">Bryophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-vascular_plant" title="Non-vascular plant">Non-vascular plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Vascular plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Fern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycophyte" title="Lycophyte">Lycophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatophyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatophyte">Spermatophytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnosperm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_anatomy" title="Plant anatomy">Plant anatomy</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_morphology" title="Plant morphology">Plant morphology</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_plant_morphology" title="Glossary of plant morphology">glossary</a>)</span></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_cell" title="Plant cell">Plant cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cell_wall" title="Cell wall">Cell wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phragmoplast" title="Phragmoplast">Phragmoplast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">Plastid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmodesma" title="Plasmodesma">Plasmodesma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuole" title="Vacuole">Vacuole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">Tissues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_cambium" title="Cork cambium">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_tissue" title="Ground tissue">Ground tissue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaf#Mesophyll" title="Leaf">Mesophyll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem">Meristem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_organ" title="Storage organ">Storage organs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_tissue" title="Vascular tissue">Vascular tissue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_bundle" title="Vascular bundle">Vascular bundle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%">Vegetative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulb" title="Bulb">Bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizoid" title="Rhizoid">Rhizoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">Rhizome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">Shoot</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">Leaf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cataphyll" title="Cataphyll">Cataphyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">Petiole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessility_(botany)" title="Sessility (botany)">Sessility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">Stem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproductive_morphology" title="Plant reproductive morphology">Reproductive</a><br />(incl. Flower)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archegonium" title="Archegonium">Archegonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antheridium" title="Antheridium">Antheridium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">Androecium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">Stamen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anther" class="mw-redirect" title="Anther">Anther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen#Morphology_and_terminology" title="Stamen">Filament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staminode" title="Staminode">Staminode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapetum_(botany)" title="Tapetum (botany)">Tapetum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">Flower</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestivation_(botany)" title="Aestivation (botany)">Aestivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_model_of_flower_development" title="ABC model of flower development">Flower development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_diagram" title="Floral diagram">Floral diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_formula" title="Floral formula">Floral formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_symmetry" title="Floral symmetry">Floral symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whorl_(botany)" title="Whorl (botany)">Whorl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit anatomy">Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_(fruit)" title="Capsule (fruit)">Capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrena" title="Pyrena">Pyrena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">Seed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seed_dispersal" title="Seed dispersal">Dispersal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">Endosperm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gametophyte" title="Gametophyte">Gametophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_(botany)" title="Column (botany)">Gynandrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynoecium" title="Gynoecium">Gynoecium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">Carpel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">Ovary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locule" title="Locule">Locule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovule" title="Ovule">Ovule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">Stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(botany)" title="Style (botany)">Style</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypanthium" title="Hypanthium">Hypanthium (Floral cup)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">Inflorescence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">Bract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedicel_(botany)" title="Pedicel (botany)">Pedicellate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raceme" title="Raceme">Raceme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbel" title="Umbel">Umbel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perianth" title="Perianth">Perianth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepal" title="Tepal">Tepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">Petal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">Sepal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryo#Plant_embryos" title="Embryo">Plant embryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receptacle_(botany)" title="Receptacle (botany)">Receptacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporophyll" title="Sporophyll">Sporophyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporophyte" title="Sporophyte">Sporophyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%">Surface structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cuticle" title="Plant cuticle">Cuticle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicuticular_wax" title="Epicuticular wax">Epicuticular wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(botany)" title="Epidermis (botany)">Epidermis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">Nectar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoma" title="Stoma">Stoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles" title="Thorns, spines, and prickles">Thorns, spines, and prickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichome" title="Trichome">Trichome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_physiology" title="Plant physiology">Plant physiology</a><br />Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleurone" title="Aleurone">Aleurone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apical_dominance" title="Apical dominance">Apical dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_movement" title="Bulk movement">Bulk flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">Cellulose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_nutrition" title="Plant nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">Photosynthesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">Chlorophyll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytomelanin" title="Phytomelanin">Phytomelanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_hormone" title="Plant hormone">Plant hormones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system#Plants" title="Respiratory system">Respiration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_exchange#Plants" title="Gas exchange">Gas Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_respiration" title="Cellular respiration">Cellular respiration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">Sap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">Starch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transpiration" title="Transpiration">Transpiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgor_pressure" title="Turgor pressure">Turgor pressure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%">Plant growth<br />and habit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habit_(biology)#Structure" title="Habit (biology)">Habit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cushion_plant" title="Cushion plant">Cushion plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(botany)" title="Rosette (botany)">Rosettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">Shrubs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prostrate_shrub" title="Prostrate shrub">Prostrate shrubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subshrub" title="Subshrub">Subshrubs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succulent_plant" title="Succulent plant">Succulent plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">Vines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liana" title="Liana">Lianas</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">Herbaceous plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_growth" title="Secondary growth">Secondary growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_plant" title="Woody plant">Woody plants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproduction" title="Plant reproduction">Reproduction</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_evolution" title="Plant evolution">Evolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_ecology" title="Plant ecology">Ecology</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternation_of_generations" title="Alternation of generations">Alternation of generations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_fertilization" title="Double fertilization">Double fertilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_evolutionary_developmental_biology" title="Plant evolutionary developmental biology">Evolutionary development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants" title="Evolutionary history of plants">Evolutionary history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_plant_evolution" title="Timeline of plant evolution">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">Germination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">Pollination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_pollination" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial pollination">Artificial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator" title="Pollinator">Pollinators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollen_tube" title="Pollen tube">Pollen tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-pollination" title="Self-pollination">Self</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporangium" title="Sporangium">Sporangium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsporangia" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsporangia">Microsporangia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microspore" title="Microspore">Microspore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporangium" title="Sporangium">Megasporangium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megaspore" title="Megaspore">Megaspore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spore" title="Spore">Spore</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_taxonomy" title="Plant taxonomy">Plant taxonomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Biological classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_nomenclature" title="Botanical nomenclature">Botanical nomenclature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">Botanical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correct_name" title="Correct name">Correct name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">Author citation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants">ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultivated_plant_taxonomy" title="Cultivated plant taxonomy">Cultivated plant taxonomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy" title="Citrus taxonomy">Citrus taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultigen" title="Cultigen">Cultigen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">Cultivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultivar_group" title="Cultivar group">Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grex_(horticulture)" title="Grex (horticulture)">Grex</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_plant_systematics" title="History of plant systematics">History of plant systematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">Herbarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Plant_Taxonomy" title="International Association for Plant Taxonomy">International Association for Plant Taxonomy</a> (IAPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy">Plant taxonomy systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">Taxonomic rank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%">Practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">Agronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture" title="Floriculture">Floriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytochemical" title="Phytochemical">Phytochemical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Lists</li><li>Related topics</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms" title="Glossary of botanical terms">Botanical terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists" title="List of botanists">Botanists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(W%E2%80%93Z)" title="List 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