CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Marie Denizard - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"55feda8e-b4a3-4d78-b92b-e2d541437a16","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Marie_Denizard","wgTitle":"Marie Denizard","wgCurRevisionId":1261128733,"wgRevisionId":1261128733,"wgArticleId":78278009,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 French-language sources (fr)","All articles that may contain original research","Articles that may contain original research from November 2024","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with hCards","1872 births","1959 deaths","French feminists","20th-century journalists","20th-century French politicians","People from Amiens"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"Marie_Denizard","wgRelevantArticleId":78278009,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q107438324","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Denizard%2C_Marie.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1339"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Denizard%2C_Marie.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="892"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="714"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Marie Denizard - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Denizard"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Denizard"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Marie_Denizard rootpage-Marie_Denizard skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Marie+Denizard" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Marie+Denizard" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Marie+Denizard" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Marie+Denizard" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Feminism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_candidacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_candidacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Presidential candidacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_candidacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_1913" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_1913"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>After 1913</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_1913-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marie Denizard</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Denizard" title="Marie Denizard – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marie Denizard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q107438324#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Denizard" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Marie_Denizard" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Denizard"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Denizard"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Marie_Denizard" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Marie_Denizard" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&oldid=1261128733" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Marie_Denizard&id=1261128733&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarie_Denizard"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarie_Denizard"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Marie_Denizard&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marie_Denizard" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q107438324" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French feminist activist (1872–1959)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Marie Denizard</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Denizard,_Marie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Denizard%2C_Marie.jpg/220px-Denizard%2C_Marie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Denizard%2C_Marie.jpg/330px-Denizard%2C_Marie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Denizard%2C_Marie.jpg/440px-Denizard%2C_Marie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="618" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Marie Denizard's publicity image from 1913 French presidential election.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">3 April 1872<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Pontru" title="Pontru">Pontru</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 May 1959<span style="display:none">(1959-05-21)</span> (aged 87)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Leyme" title="Leyme">Leyme</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">First woman to stand as a candidate in a French presidential election</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Marie Denizard</b> (3 April 1872 – 21 May 1959) was a French feminist activist. On 17 January 1913, she was the first woman to stand as a candidate in a French <a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_France" title="Presidential elections in France">presidential election</a>. French women did not achieve suffrage until 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marie Eugénie Gabriel Denizard was born on 3 April 1872 in <a href="/wiki/Pontru" title="Pontru">Pontru</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NaissanceDécès_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NaissanceDécès-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the daughter of Marie-Sophie-Julie Lesourd, a dressmaker, and Charles-Joseph Denizard, a dentist. The Denizard family was originally from the <a href="/wiki/Vermandois" title="Vermandois">Vermandois</a> region, near <a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin_(Aisne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Quentin (Aisne)">Saint-Quentin (Aisne)</a>. Her brother <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orens_Denizard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orens Denizard (page does not exist)">Orens Denizard</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orens_Denizard" class="extiw" title="fr:Orens Denizard">fr</a>]</span> was an artist and political satirist.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marie Denizard attended the Lycée de Jeunes Filles d'<a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>, now the Lycée <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Michelis" title="Madeleine Michelis">Madeleine-Michelis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1910s, after living for a time in Pontru,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she moved to 6 rue Saint-Martin in Amiens, with her mother, who worked as a culottière, and two younger sisters, Hélène (born 1885) and Madeleine (born 1887).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feminism">Feminism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Feminism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denizard became involved in the <a href="/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism">feminist cause</a> in the last years of the nineteenth century,<sup id="cite_ref-J130104_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J130104-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is thought to have contributed to <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Durand" title="Marguerite Durand">Marguerite Durand</a>'s feminist publication <a href="/wiki/La_Fronde_(newspaper)" title="La Fronde (newspaper)"><i>La Fronde</i></a> before 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-JSQ100330_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSQ100330-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also contributed to MP <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dussaussoy" title="Paul Dussaussoy">Paul Dussaussoy</a>'s report in favour of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a>, alongside other notable French female suffrage campaigners.<sup id="cite_ref-J130104_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J130104-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Code" title="Napoleonic Code">Napoleonic Code</a>, established in 1804, declared the legal and political incapacity of women, and was seen as and used as a barrier to block attempts to improve women's political rights.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Denizard also belonged to a <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance league</a> in Amiens called <i>l'Étoile bleue</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-TDS58_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDS58-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Denizard announced her candidacy for the French <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(France)" title="Chamber of Deputies (France)">Chamber of Deputies</a> (parliament) in the <a href="/wiki/1910_French_legislative_election" title="1910 French legislative election">1910 French legislative election</a>, standing in the constituency of Amiens.<sup id="cite_ref-JSQ100330_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSQ100330-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She stood on a platform demanding civil rights for women, campaigned against the damage that alcoholism causes amongst the working classes, and against child abandonment. However, as a woman, she was ineligible to stand for election, and ballot papers bearing her name were not counted among the votes cast.<sup id="cite_ref-TDS58_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDS58-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France only granted women the right to vote and stand in elections in 1944, with their first opportunity to use that right being on 29 April 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The same year, Denizard drafted a motion in favour of women's right to vote and stand for election, which <a href="/wiki/Louis-Lucien_Klotz" title="Louis-Lucien Klotz">Louis-Lucien Klotz</a>, MP and <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">Radical</a> <a href="/wiki/Conseiller_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseiller général">conseiller général</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Rosi%C3%A8res-en-Santerre" title="Canton of Rosières-en-Santerre">canton of Rosières-en-Santerre</a>, agreed to submit to the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_d%C3%A9partemental_de_la_Somme" class="extiw" title="fr:Conseil départemental de la Somme">conseil général de la Somme</a>, which adopted it unanimously on 30 September 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-J130104_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J130104-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denizard commented on and justified the text in an article published in <i>Le Chambard d'Amiens</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly afterwards, she published <i>La Femme et la loi salique</i>, the first in a series of studies dedicated to the women of <a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a>, exploring women's rights before 1789.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1911, Denizard sent a letter to the prefect of the Somme asking to be relieved of "all personal taxes and contributions" pointing out that since women were deprived of all political rights, they "should not have to suffer laws or pay taxes that they have not consented to". She argued that French women should not "be taxed in a personal capacity, either directly or indirectly, as a duty must always have as its immediate corollary the exercise of a right".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1912, she wrote an article based on personal research in which she put forward the hypothesis of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a>'s Picard origins.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fanciful nature of this theory was demonstrated by <a href="/wiki/Julien_Tiersot" title="Julien Tiersot">Julien Tiersot</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Le_M%C3%A9nestrel" title="Le Ménestrel">Le Ménestrel</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidential_candidacy">Presidential candidacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Presidential candidacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal" title="Le Journal">Le Journal</a></i> of 26 December 1912, the journalist Fernand Hauser wrote: "Feminists have sometimes claimed that <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_French_Parliament" title="Congress of the French Parliament">Congress</a> can elect a woman; this is a mistake. The text of the <a href="/wiki/French_constitutional_laws_of_1875" title="French constitutional laws of 1875">Constitution</a> expressly states: ‘The President of the Republic’ in the masculine form; there can therefore be no doubt. However, the Assembly, being sovereign, would have the right to satisfy the wishes of women politicians; but let one of them stand for election, and see...".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marie Denizard decided to take up the challenge and announced it to Hauser, who interviewed her and published her photograph on the front page of <i>Le Journal</i> on 4 January 1913. Denizard pointed out that there had already been female heads of state, citing the historical examples of the regents of the kingdom of France, alongside Empress <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a> of Russia and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> of the United Kingdom, as well as contemporary examples of Queen <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Wilhelmina of the Netherlands</a> and Grand Duchess <a href="/wiki/Marie-Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Adélaïde of Luxembourg">Marie-Adélaïde of Luxembourg</a>. She told Hauser:<sup id="cite_ref-J130104_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J130104-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>My candidacy is not as fanciful as one might think. It means that women have the right to take their share of government, since they pay their share of taxes: why shouldn't widows, bachelors and divorcees vote? Why shouldn't they be eligible? Why shouldn't married women have the right to replace their husbands in his civic rights, authorised by him, when he is failing, ill or absent?</p></blockquote> <p>Denizard's testimonial candidacy was not taken seriously by male journalists. The least sympathetic of them was the editorial writer Jean Ernest-Charles, who considered Denizard's "childish and ostentatious candidacy" and "compromising antics" akin to the British <a href="/wiki/Suffragettes" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffragettes">suffragettes</a>, whose campaigns for women's rights he branded as "sickly eccentricities" attributed to "hysteria" caused "by too long a celibacy".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disapproval was also expressed among feminists: <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Durand" title="Marguerite Durand">Marguerite Durand</a> considered Denizard's candidacy to be nothing more than an "unfortunate joke" detrimental to the credibility of the feminist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although she did not give Denizard much attention, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Misme" title="Jane Misme">Jane Misme</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/La_Fran%C3%A7aise_(journal)" title="La Française (journal)">La Française</a></i> journal was more sympathetic to this "simple demonstration of principle", which "achieved its propaganda goal", and stressed that the candidate was "a zealous and serious feminist".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Denizard even had ballot papers printed in her name and drafted a profession of faith that she sent to members of parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> covered her candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same month, she wrote an article for <a href="/wiki/Arria_Ly" title="Arria Ly">Arria Ly</a>'s <i>Le Combat féministe</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_1913">After 1913</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: After 1913"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1914, Marie Denizard contributed to the <i>Cri des femmes</i>, a weekly for which she edited the <a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme department</a>'s.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, she soon came into conflict with the paper's sponsor, Judge George Bonjean, who refused to pay her a fee.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Denizard's financial situation became precarious, and she could no longer pay the rent on the flat she and her mother occupied in rue Lavalard in Amiens.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 May 1914, she was arrested after making threatening remarks to the bailiff sent by her landlord.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imprisoned for a fortnight, she was charged with insulting behaviour and death threats.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>La Française</i>, journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_Berthet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice Berthet (page does not exist)">Alice Berthet</a> called for solidarity with the former presidential candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Ligue de défense des femmes</i> provided her with a Parisian lawyer, Mr. Lenoble. In the end, the court was lenient and only sentenced her to a 25-franc suspended fine for contempt.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in 1914, she was evacuated to <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> due to the First World War. She made pacifist statements during this period which were not approved by the political elite.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denizard was then placed under surveillance by the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BBret%C3%A9#France" title="Sûreté">Direction de la Sûreté générale</a> because of the resentment she expressed against her exclusion from political life. This surveillance continued after the war and her return to Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thereafter, Denizard was much less in the news. In November 1922, she sent a petition to the Senate in which she claimed to be a victim of abuse of power.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Female_hysteria" title="Female hysteria">Female hysteria</a></div> <p>In 1926, at the request of the police commissioner of the Odéon district, Denizard was hospitalised for delusions of persecution and demands, the psychiatrist concluding that she had a complex psychosis.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1928, she was transferred to the asylum at <a href="/wiki/Leyme" title="Leyme">Leyme</a> with a diagnosis of <a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">paranoia</a> and "delusions of politico-social demands".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marie Denizard died on 21 May 1959 at the asylum<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Leyme (Lot), after having been incarcerated there for 32 years.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Denizard's life was rediscovered by historian Prescillia Da Silva in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 May 2024, as part of the Journées du matrimoine (Heritage Days), a plaque in memory of Marie Denizard was unveiled at Pontru town hall.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/hauts-de-france/somme/amiens/qu-on-m-elise-presidente-de-la-republique-pour-voir-l-audace-de-marie-denizard-premiere-femme-candidate-a-l-election-presidentielle-2981579.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Qu'on m'élise Présidente de la République, pour voir..." : l'audace de Marie Denizard, première femme candidate à l'élection présidentielle"</a>. <i>France 3 Hauts-de-France</i> (in French). 2024-09-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+3+Hauts-de-France&rft.atitle=%22Qu%27on+m%27%C3%A9lise+Pr%C3%A9sidente+de+la+R%C3%A9publique%2C+pour+voir...%22+%3A+l%27audace+de+Marie+Denizard%2C+premi%C3%A8re+femme+candidate+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9lection+pr%C3%A9sidentielle&rft.date=2024-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrance3-regions.francetvinfo.fr%2Fhauts-de-france%2Fsomme%2Famiens%2Fqu-on-m-elise-presidente-de-la-republique-pour-voir-l-audace-de-marie-denizard-premiere-femme-candidate-a-l-election-presidentielle-2981579.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NaissanceDécès-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NaissanceDécès_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archives départementales de l'Aisne, état civil de Pontru, registre de l'année 1872, acte No. 9 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.aisne.fr/ark:/63271/vta7460e6c0b219fa37/daogrp/0/layout:linear/idsearch:RECH_16e33915b8066d92b022392ecb741910#id:2047221463?brightness=100.00&contrast=100.00&center=2608.659,-1710.540&zoom=10&rotation=0.000">vues 180-181 sur 433</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomberg2022" class="citation book cs1">Romberg, Marion (22 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8fVgEAAAQBAJ&q=deniswrdorens%20denizard"><i>Empresses and Queens in the Courtly Public Sphere from the 17th to the 20th Century</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-46090-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-46090-4"><bdi>978-90-04-46090-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empresses+and+Queens+in+the+Courtly+Public+Sphere+from+the+17th+to+the+20th+Century&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft.isbn=978-90-04-46090-4&rft.aulast=Romberg&rft.aufirst=Marion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8fVgEAAAQBAJ%26q%3Ddeniswrdorens%2520denizard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bialondon.com/products/french-market-day-by-charles-orens-denizard-1945">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'French Market Day' by Charles Orens Denizard (1945)"</a>. <i>Bureau of Interior Affairs (BIA London)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bureau+of+Interior+Affairs+%28BIA+London%29&rft.atitle=%27French+Market+Day%27+by+Charles+Orens+Denizard+%281945%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbialondon.com%2Fproducts%2Ffrench-market-day-by-charles-orens-denizard-1945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acte No.18, état-civil de la Ville de Pontru, naissance de 1879.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Textes et documents sur la Somme</i>, <abbr>n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 58 (<i>Le vote des femmes, 1910-1945</i>), September 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retronews.fr/journal/le-guetteur-de-saint-quentin-et-de-l-aisne/13-avril-1910/819/2389957/2">"Candidature Feministe in Le Guetteur de Saint-Quentin et de l'Aisne"</a>. 13 April 1910. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidature+Feministe+in+Le+Guetteur+de+Saint-Quentin+et+de+l%27Aisne&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1910-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fle-guetteur-de-saint-quentin-et-de-l-aisne%2F13-avril-1910%2F819%2F2389957%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archives départementales de la Somme, recensement de la population, Amiens sud-ouest, 1911 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.somme.fr/ark:/58483/65z4wm978vd0/72bb2762-da72-4453-99d1-3ebd0caf00b4">vue 509 sur 586</a>). Ce recensement contient apparemment quelques erreurs sur les prénoms et dates de naissances des quatre femmes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (November 2024)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J130104-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-J130104_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J130104_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J130104_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J130104_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fernand Hauser, «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76244839">Une candidate à la présidence</a>», <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal" title="Le Journal">Le Journal</a></i>, 4 January 1913, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JSQ100330-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JSQ100330_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSQ100330_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retronews.fr/journal/journal-de-la-ville-de-saint-quentin-et-de-l-arrondissement/30-mars-1910/615/2362719/2"><i>Une canditature feministe de Amiens in Journal de la ville de Saint-Quentin et de l'arrondissement</i></a> (in French), 1910-03-30, p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-16</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Une+canditature+feministe+de+Amiens+in+Journal+de+la+ville+de+Saint-Quentin+et+de+l%27arrondissement&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1910-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fjournal-de-la-ville-de-saint-quentin-et-de-l-arrondissement%2F30-mars-1910%2F615%2F2362719%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europe1.fr/emissions/Au-coeur-de-l-histoire/le-saviez-vous-la-france-est-lun-des-derniers-pays-deurope-a-avoir-autorise-le-droit-de-vote-des-femmes-3953530">"La France est l'un des derniers pays d'Europe à avoir autorisé le droit de vote des femmes"</a>. <i>Europe 1</i> (in French). 2020-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europe+1&rft.atitle=La+France+est+l%27un+des+derniers+pays+d%27Europe+%C3%A0+avoir+autoris%C3%A9+le+droit+de+vote+des+femmes&rft.date=2020-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europe1.fr%2Femissions%2FAu-coeur-de-l-histoire%2Fle-saviez-vous-la-france-est-lun-des-derniers-pays-deurope-a-avoir-autorise-le-droit-de-vote-des-femmes-3953530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TDS58-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TDS58_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TDS58_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Textes et documents sur la Somme</i>, No. 58 (<i>Le vote des femmes, 1910-1945</i>), September 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.somme.fr/ark:/58483/rgn8vts2759f">"Election de 1910. Portrait de la candidate Marie Denizard, paru dans le Journal d'Amiens"</a>. <i>archives.somme.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archives.somme.fr&rft.atitle=Election+de+1910.+Portrait+de+la+candidate+Marie+Denizard%2C+paru+dans+le+Journal+d%27Amiens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.somme.fr%2Fark%3A%2F58483%2Frgn8vts2759f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2371557v/f2">"Le Journal des femmes : organe du mouvement féminin / dir. Maria Martin"</a>. <i>Gallica</i>. 1910-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallica&rft.atitle=Le+Journal+des+femmes+%3A+organe+du+mouvement+f%C3%A9minin+%2F+dir.+Maria+Martin&rft.date=1910-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k2371557v%2Ff2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/La_Fran%C3%A7aise_(journal)" title="La Française (journal)">La Française</a></i>, 11 January 1913, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le Guetteur de Saint-Quentin et de l'Aisne</i>, 22 March 1911, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5579974b/f330">"Revue musicale S.I.M."</a> <i>Gallica</i>. Société internationale de musique (section de Paris). 1912-01-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallica&rft.atitle=Revue+musicale+S.I.M.&rft.date=1912-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k5579974b%2Ff330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5614654k/f1">"Le Ménestrel : journal de musique"</a>. <i>Gallica</i>. 1912-06-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallica&rft.atitle=Le+M%C3%A9nestrel+%3A+journal+de+musique&rft.date=1912-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k5614654k%2Ff1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fernand Hauser, «Comment on élit le président de la République», <i>Le Journal</i>, 26 December 1912, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Durand" title="Marguerite Durand">Marguerite Durand</a>, «Geste fâcheux», <i>Les Nouvelles</i>, 6 January 1913, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>La Française</i>, 11 January 1913, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fernand Hauser, «Autour du Congrès», <i>Le Journal</i>, 13 January 1913, p. 1-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/01/14/issue.html">"TimesMachine: Tuesday January 14, 1913 - NYTimes.com"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=TimesMachine%3A+Tuesday+January+14%2C+1913+-+NYTimes.com&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1913%2F01%2F14%2Fissue.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie Denizard, «La femme française et le service militaire devant l'histoire», <i>Le Combat féministe</i>, January 1913, p. 3-4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le Progrès de la Somme</i>, 16 June 1914, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlax1914" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Victor_M%C3%A9ric" title="Victor Méric">Flax</a> (1914-07-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6567775c/f6">"Les Hommes du jour / dessins de A. Delannoy; texte de Flax"</a>. <i>Gallica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallica&rft.atitle=Les+Hommes+du+jour+%2F+dessins+de+A.+Delannoy%3B+texte+de+Flax&rft.date=1914-07-04&rft.au=Flax&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k6567775c%2Ff6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aisnelgbt.com/2024/09/marie-denizard-feministe-de-la-picardie-a-la-presidence-de-la-republique-exposition-itinerante.html">"Marie Denizard féministe, de la Picardie à la Présidence de la République : exposition itinérante"</a>. <i>Association lgbt FIER.E.S ET QUEER</i> (in French). 2024-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Association+lgbt+FIER.E.S+ET+QUEER&rft.atitle=Marie+Denizard+f%C3%A9ministe%2C+de+la+Picardie+%C3%A0+la+Pr%C3%A9sidence+de+la+R%C3%A9publique+%3A+exposition+itin%C3%A9rante&rft.date=2024-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faisnelgbt.com%2F2024%2F09%2Fmarie-denizard-feministe-de-la-picardie-a-la-presidence-de-la-republique-exposition-itinerante.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le Progrès de la Somme</i>, 8 May 1914, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le Progrès de la Somme</i>, 28 May 1914, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>La Française</i>, 30 May 1914, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le Progrès de la Somme</i>, 18 June 1914, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63156818/f18">"Journal officiel de la République française. Débats parlementaires. Sénat : compte rendu in-extenso"</a>. <i>Gallica</i>. 1923-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallica&rft.atitle=Journal+officiel+de+la+R%C3%A9publique+fran%C3%A7aise.+D%C3%A9bats+parlementaires.+S%C3%A9nat+%3A+compte+rendu+in-extenso&rft.date=1923-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k63156818%2Ff18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ladepeche.fr/2024/04/18/marie-denizard-pionniere-du-feminisme-hospitalisee-pendant-32-a-lasile-de-leyme-11898341.php">"Marie Denizard, pionnière du féminisme, hospitalisée pendant 32 à l'asile de Leyme"</a>. <i>ladepeche.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ladepeche.fr&rft.atitle=Marie+Denizard%2C+pionni%C3%A8re+du+f%C3%A9minisme%2C+hospitalis%C3%A9e+pendant+32+%C3%A0+l%27asile+de+Leyme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ladepeche.fr%2F2024%2F04%2F18%2Fmarie-denizard-pionniere-du-feminisme-hospitalisee-pendant-32-a-lasile-de-leyme-11898341.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.institut-camille-miret.fr/">"Institut Camille Miret | Soins en Santé mentale, Handicap, Inclusion | ICM46"</a>. <i>Institut Camille Miret</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institut+Camille+Miret&rft.atitle=Institut+Camille+Miret+%7C+Soins+en+Sant%C3%A9+mentale%2C+Handicap%2C+Inclusion+%7C+ICM46&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.institut-camille-miret.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLafon2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lafon, Ludovic (2024-04-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.institut-camille-miret.fr/conference-sur-marie-denizard-le-destin-tragique-dune-feministe-avant-lheure/">"Conférence sur Marie Denizard : Le destin tragique d'une féministe avant l'heur"</a>. <i>Institut Camille Miret</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institut+Camille+Miret&rft.atitle=Conf%C3%A9rence+sur+Marie+Denizard+%3A+Le+destin+tragique+d%27une+f%C3%A9ministe+avant+l%27heur&rft.date=2024-04-15&rft.aulast=Lafon&rft.aufirst=Ludovic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.institut-camille-miret.fr%2Fconference-sur-marie-denizard-le-destin-tragique-dune-feministe-avant-lheure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museeduvermandois.com/2024/09/marie-denizard-feministe-de-la-picardie-a-la-presidence-de-la-republique.html">"Marie Denizard, féministe, de la Picardie à la Présidence de la République"</a>. <i>Musée du Vermandois</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mus%C3%A9e+du+Vermandois&rft.atitle=Marie+Denizard%2C+f%C3%A9ministe%2C+de+la+Picardie+%C3%A0+la+Pr%C3%A9sidence+de+la+R%C3%A9publique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.museeduvermandois.com%2F2024%2F09%2Fmarie-denizard-feministe-de-la-picardie-a-la-presidence-de-la-republique.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prescillia Da Silva, <i>Marie Denizard d'Amiens (1872-1959) de l'Élysée à l'Asile</i>, M2 sous la direction de Mathilde Larrère, Champs sur Marne, université Gustave-Eiffel, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchives_de_la_Somme2024" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Archives de la Somme (2024-06-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZskNsrv7xY%3Fsi%3DXDuZ-PmhnE16bi9v"><i>Marie Denizard 1872 - 1959 - Conférence de Prescillia Da Silva - "Mardi des Archives"</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marie+Denizard+1872+-+1959+-+Conf%C3%A9rence+de+Prescillia+Da+Silva+-+%22Mardi+des+Archives%22&rft.date=2024-06-20&rft.au=Archives+de+la+Somme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4ZskNsrv7xY%253Fsi%253DXDuZ-PmhnE16bi9v&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMétropole" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Métropole, Amiens. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amiens.fr/Actualites/Marie-Denizard-feministe-maudite">"Marie Denizard, féministe maudite"</a>. <i>Amiens Métropole</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amiens+M%C3%A9tropole&rft.atitle=Marie+Denizard%2C+f%C3%A9ministe+maudite&rft.aulast=M%C3%A9tropole&rft.aufirst=Amiens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amiens.fr%2FActualites%2FMarie-Denizard-feministe-maudite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoutreux_(CLP)2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boutreux (CLP), Jean-Robert (2024-09-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aisnenouvelle.fr/id562124/article/2024-09-22/la-vie-de-marie-denizard-racontee-aux-habitants-de-pontru-sa-commune-de">"La vie de Marie Denizard racontée aux habitants de Pontru, sa commune de naissance"</a>. <i>L'Aisne nouvelle</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Aisne+nouvelle&rft.atitle=La+vie+de+Marie+Denizard+racont%C3%A9e+aux+habitants+de+Pontru%2C+sa+commune+de+naissance&rft.date=2024-09-22&rft.aulast=Boutreux+%28CLP%29&rft.aufirst=Jean-Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aisnenouvelle.fr%2Fid562124%2Farticle%2F2024-09-22%2Fla-vie-de-marie-denizard-racontee-aux-habitants-de-pontru-sa-commune-de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Denizard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107438324#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107438324#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107438324#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000382596938">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/265976138">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n97084356">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12504903s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12504903s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p102156735">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034277153">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&oldid=1261128733">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&oldid=1261128733</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1872_births" title="Category:1872 births">1872 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1959_deaths" title="Category:1959 deaths">1959 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_feminists" title="Category:French feminists">French feminists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_journalists" title="Category:20th-century journalists">20th-century journalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_politicians" title="Category:20th-century French politicians">20th-century French politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Amiens" title="Category:People from Amiens">People from Amiens</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from November 2024">Articles that may contain original research from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 December 2024, at 11:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Denizard&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-87b8b8f58-g7hpl","wgBackendResponseTime":142,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.644","walltime":"0.827","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3164,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":50330,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2132,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":89374,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 757.564 1 -total"," 26.92% 203.937 17 Template:Cite_web"," 20.67% 156.586 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 15.90% 120.463 1 Template:Authority_control"," 10.17% 77.023 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.65% 50.407 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.20% 46.972 1 Template:Or"," 5.34% 40.476 1 Template:Fix"," 4.84% 36.642 1 Template:Ill"," 4.31% 32.628 17 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.399","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6879088,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-66589d5d8-6h2sb","timestamp":"20241204114952","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Marie Denizard","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marie_Denizard","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q107438324","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q107438324","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2024-11-03T20:05:36Z","dateModified":"2024-12-04T11:49:51Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/45\/Denizard%2C_Marie.jpg","headline":"French feminist"}</script> </body> </html>