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landscape</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: vertical landscape"> <meta name="keywords" content="vertical landscape"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="vertical landscape"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2256</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: vertical landscape</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2196</span> Analyzing of the Urban Landscape Configurations and Expansion of Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia Using Satellite Data and Landscape Metrics Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berhanu%20Keno%20Terfa">Berhanu Keno Terfa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To realize the consequences of urbanization, accurate, and up-to-date representation of the urban landscape patterns is critical for urban planners and policymakers. Thus, the study quantitatively characterized the spatiotemporal composition and configuration of the urban landscape and urban expansion process in Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia, form the year 2006 to 2018. The integrated approaches of various sensors satellite data, Spot (2006) and Sentinel 2 (2018) combined with landscape metrics analysis was employed to explore the pattern, process, and overall growth status in the city. The result showed that the built-up area had increased by 62% between 2006 and 2018, at an average annual increment of 3.6%, while the other land covers were lost significantly due to urban expansion. The highest urban expansion has occurred in the northwest direction, whereas the most fragmented landscape pattern was recorded in the west direction. Overall, the analysis showed that Dire Dawa City experienced accelerated urban expansion with a fragmented and complicated spatiotemporal urban landscape patterns, suggesting a strong tendency towards sprawl over the past 12 years. The findings in the study could help planners and policy developers to insight the historical dynamics of the urban region for sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zonal%20metrics" title="zonal metrics">zonal metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-temporal" title=" multi-temporal"> multi-temporal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-resolution" title=" multi-resolution"> multi-resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20growth" title=" urban growth"> urban growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing%20data" title=" remote sensing data"> remote sensing data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102534/analyzing-of-the-urban-landscape-configurations-and-expansion-of-dire-dawa-city-ethiopia-using-satellite-data-and-landscape-metrics-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2195</span> On the Seismic Response of Collided Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20D.%20Hatzigeorgiou">George D. Hatzigeorgiou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikos%20G.%20Pnevmatikos"> Nikos G. Pnevmatikos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the inelastic behavior of adjacent planar reinforced concrete (R.C.) frames subjected to strong ground motions. The investigation focuses on the effects of vertical ground motion on the seismic pounding. The examined structures are modeled and analyzed by RUAUMOKO dynamic nonlinear analysis program using reliable hysteretic models for both structural members and contact elements. It is found that the vertical ground motion mildly affects the seismic response of adjacent buildings subjected to structural pounding and, for this reason, it can be ignored from the displacement and interstorey drifts assessment. However, the structural damage is moderately affected by the vertical component of earthquakes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20seismic%20behavior" title="nonlinear seismic behavior">nonlinear seismic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20structures" title=" reinforced concrete structures"> reinforced concrete structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20pounding" title=" structural pounding"> structural pounding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20ground%20motions" title=" vertical ground motions"> vertical ground motions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7892/on-the-seismic-response-of-collided-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">593</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2194</span> Correlation between Sprint Performance and Vertical Jump Height in Elite Female Football Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Missina">Svetlana Missina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anatoliy%20Shipilov"> Anatoliy Shipilov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandr%20Vavaev"> Alexandr Vavaev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sprint and vertical jump performance in elite female football players. Twenty four professional female football players (age, 18.6±3.1 years; height, 168.3±6.3 cm, body mass 61.6±7.4 kg; mean±SD) were tested for 30-m sprint time, 10-m sprint time and vertical countermovement (CMJ) and squat (SJ) jumps height. Participants performed three countermovement jumps and three squat jumps for maximal height on a force platform. Mean values of three trials were used in statistical analysis. The displacement of center of mass (COM) during flight phase (e.g. jump height) was calculated using the vertical velocity of the COM at the moment of take-off. 30-m and 10-m sprint time were measured using OptoGait optical system. The best of three trials were used for analysis. A significant negative correlation was found between 30-m sprint time and CMJ, SJ height (r = -0.85, r = -0.79 respectively), between 10-m sprint time and CMJ, SJ height (r = -0.73, r = -0.8 respectively), and step frequency was significantly related to CMJ peak power (r = -0.57). Our study indicates that there is strong correlation between sprint and jump performance in elite female football players, thus vertical jump test can be considered as a good sprint and agility predictor in female football. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agility" title="agility">agility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20football%20players" title=" female football players"> female football players</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprint%20performance" title=" sprint performance"> sprint performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20jump%20height" title=" vertical jump height"> vertical jump height</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59039/correlation-between-sprint-performance-and-vertical-jump-height-in-elite-female-football-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2193</span> Vertical and Lateral Vibration Response for Corrugated Track Curves Supported on High-Density Polyethylene and Hytrel Rail Pads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.M.%20Balekwa">B.M. Balekwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.V.V.%20Kallon"> D.V.V. Kallon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.J.%20Fourie"> D.J. Fourie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modal analysis is applied to establish the dynamic difference between vibration response of the rails supported on High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Hytrel/6358 rail pads. The experiment was conducted to obtain the results in the form of Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) in the vertical and lateral directions. Three antiresonance modes are seen in the vertical direction; one occurs at about 150 Hz when the rail resting on the Hytrel/6358 pad experiences a force mid-span. For the rail resting on this type of rail pad, no antiresonance occurs when the force is applied on the point of the rail that is resting on the pad and directly on top of a sleeper. The two antiresonance modes occur in a frequency range of 250 – 300 Hz in the vertical direction for the rail resting on HDPE pads. At resonance, the rail vibrates with a higher amplitude, but at antiresonance, the rail transmits vibration downwards to the sleepers. When the rail is at antiresonance, the stiffness of the rail pads play a vital role in terms of damping the vertical vibration to protect the sleepers. From the FRFs it is understood that the Hytrel/6358 rail pads perform better than the HDPE in terms of vertical response, given that at a lower frequency range of 0 – 300 Hz only one antiresonance mode was identified for vertical vibration of the rail supported on Hytrel/6358. This means the rail is at antiresonance only once within this frequency range and this is the only time when vibration is transmitted downwards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerance" title="accelerance">accelerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRF" title=" FRF"> FRF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20corrugation" title=" rail corrugation"> rail corrugation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20pad" title=" rail pad"> rail pad</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125399/vertical-and-lateral-vibration-response-for-corrugated-track-curves-supported-on-high-density-polyethylene-and-hytrel-rail-pads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2192</span> Study on Effectiveness of Strategies to Re-Establish Landscape Connectivity of Expressways with Reference to Southern Expressway Sri Lanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20G.%20I.%20Aroshana">N. G. I. Aroshana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Edirisooriya"> S. Edirisooriya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction of highway is the most emerging development tendency in Sri Lanka. With these development activities, there are a lot of environmental and social issues started. Landscape fragmentation is one of the main issues that highly effect to the environment by the construction of expressways. Sri Lankan expressway system getting effort to treat fragmented landscape by using highway crossing structures. This paper designates, a highway post construction landscape study on the effectiveness of the landscape connectivity structures to restore connectivity. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), least cost path tool has been used in the selected two plots; 25km alone the expressway to identify animal crossing paths. Animal accident data use as measure for determining the most contributed plot for landscape connectivity. Number of patches, Mean patch size, Class area use as a parameter to determine the most effective land use class to reestablish the landscape connectivity. The findings of the research express scrub, grass and marsh were the most positively affected land use typologies for increase the landscape connectivity. It represents the growth increased by 8% within the 12 years of time. From the least cost analysis within the plot one, 28.5% of total animal crossing structures are within the high resistance land use classes. Southern expressway used reinforced compressed earth technologies for construction. It has been controlled the growth of the climax community. According to all findings, it could assume that involvement of the landscape crossing structures contributes to re-establish connectivity, but it is not enough to restore the majority of disturbance performed by the expressway. Connectivity measures used within the study can use as a tool for re-evaluate future involvement of highway crossing structures. Proper placement of the highway crossing structures leads to increase the rate of connectivity. The study recommends that monitoring the all stages (preconstruction, construction and post construction) of the project and preliminary design, and the involvement of the research applied connectivity assessment strategies helps to overcome the complication regarding the re-establishment of landscape connectivity using the highway crossing structures that facilitate the growth of flora and fauna. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20fragmentation" title="landscape fragmentation">landscape fragmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20cost%20path" title=" least cost path"> least cost path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20analysis" title=" land use analysis"> land use analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20connectivity%20structures" title=" landscape connectivity structures"> landscape connectivity structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82592/study-on-effectiveness-of-strategies-to-re-establish-landscape-connectivity-of-expressways-with-reference-to-southern-expressway-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2191</span> Analytical and Numerical Study of Formation of Sporadic E Layer with Taking into Account Horizontal and Vertical In-Homogeneity of the Horizontal Wind </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giorgi%20Dalakishvili">Giorgi Dalakishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goderdzi%20G.%20Didebulidze"> Goderdzi G. Didebulidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maya%20Todua"> Maya Todua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The possibility of sporadic E (Es) layer formation in the mid-latitude nighttime lower thermosphere by horizontal homogeneous and inhomogeneous (vertically and horizontally changing) winds is investigated in 3D by analytical and numerical solutions of continuity equation for dominant heavy metallic ions Fe+. The theory of influence of wind velocity direction, value, and its shear on formation of sporadic E is developed in case of presence the effect of horizontally changing wind (the effect of horizontal convergence). In this case, the horizontal wind with horizontal shear, characterized by compressibility and/or vortices, can provide an additional influence on heavy metallic ions Fe+ horizontal convergence and Es layers density, which can be formed by their vertical convergence caused as by wind direction and values and by its horizontal shear as well. The horizontal wind value and direction have significant influence on ion vertical drift velocity and its minimal negative values of divergence necessary for development of ion vertical convergence into sporadic E type layer. The horizontal wind horizontal shear, in addition to its vertical shear, also influences the ion drift velocity value and its vertical changes and correspondingly on formation of sporadic E layer and its density. The atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), with relatively smaller horizontal wave length than planetary waves and tidal motion, can significantly influence location of ion vertical drift velocity nodes (where Es layers formation expectable) and its vertical and horizontal shear providing ion vertical convergence into thin layer. Horizontal shear can cause additional influence in the Es layers density than in the case of only wind value and vertical shear only. In this case, depending on wind direction and value in the height region of the lower thermosphere about 90-150 km occurs heavy metallic ions (Fe+) vertical convergence into thin sporadic E type layer. The horizontal wind horizontal shear also can influence on ions horizontal convergence and density and location Es layers. The AGWs modulate the horizontal wind direction and values and causes ion additional horizontal convergence, while the vertical changes (shear) causes additional vertical convergence than in the case without vertical shear. Influence of horizontal shear on sporadic E density and the importance of vertical compressibility of the lower thermosphere, which also can be influenced by AGWs, is demonstrated numerically. For the given wavelength and background wind, the predictability of formation Es layers and its possible location regions are shown. Acknowledgements: This study was funded by Georgian Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation Grant no. FR17-357. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-homogeneous" title="in-homogeneous">in-homogeneous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sporadic%20E" title=" sporadic E"> sporadic E</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermosphere" title=" thermosphere"> thermosphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind" title=" wind"> wind</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128943/analytical-and-numerical-study-of-formation-of-sporadic-e-layer-with-taking-into-account-horizontal-and-vertical-in-homogeneity-of-the-horizontal-wind" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2190</span> Transient Free Laminar Convection in the Vicinity of a Thermal Conductive Vertical Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Bykalyuk">Anna Bykalyuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Kuznik"> Frédéric Kuznik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K%C3%A9vyn%20Johannes"> Kévyn Johannes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the influence of a vertical plate’s thermal capacity is numerically investigated in order to evaluate the evolution of the thermal boundary layer structure, as well as the convective heat transfer coefficient and the velocity and temperature profiles. Whereas the heat flux of the heated vertical plate is evaluated under time depending boundary conditions. The main important feature of this problem is the unsteadiness of the physical phenomena. A 2D CFD model is developed with the Ansys Fluent 14.0 environment and is validated using unsteady data obtained for plasterboard studied under a dynamic temperature evolution. All the phenomena produced in the vicinity of the thermal conductive vertical plate (plasterboard) are analyzed and discussed. This work is the first stage of a holistic research on transient free convection that aims, in the future, to study the natural convection in the vicinity of a vertical plate containing Phase Change Materials (PCM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20modeling" title="CFD modeling">CFD modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title=" natural convection"> natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductive%20plate" title=" thermal conductive plate"> thermal conductive plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-depending%20boundary%20conditions" title=" time-depending boundary conditions"> time-depending boundary conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1371/transient-free-laminar-convection-in-the-vicinity-of-a-thermal-conductive-vertical-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2189</span> Cultural Identity and Differentiation: Linguistic Landscape in Multilingual Tourist Community of Hangzhou</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qianqian%20Chen">Qianqian Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article intends to design a new research perspective on a linguistic landscape with the research background on multilingual urban tourism by analyzing the collected data, including a number of surveys on current urban tourism and the possibility of internationalization. The language usage analysis focuses on terms of English, Japanese and Spanish, which is based on the previous investigations. The analysis highlights the fact that contemporary tourism management and planning emphasizes cultural memories and heritage, and the combination between culture and tourism recalls the importance of "re-humanity" inhuman activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingualism" title="multilingualism">multilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20landscape" title=" linguistic landscape"> linguistic landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hangzhou" title=" Hangzhou"> Hangzhou</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146009/cultural-identity-and-differentiation-linguistic-landscape-in-multilingual-tourist-community-of-hangzhou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2188</span> Mapping Protein Selectivity Landscapes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niv%20Papo">Niv Papo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Characterizing the binding selectivity landscape of interacting proteins is crucial both for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of their interaction and for developing selective inhibitors. However, current mapping methods are laborious and cannot provide a sufficiently comprehensive description of the landscape. Here, we introduce a distinct and efficient strategy for comprehensively mapping the binding landscape of proteins using a combination of experimental multi-target selective library screening and in silico next-generation sequencing analysis. We map the binding landscape of a non-selective trypsin inhibitor, the amyloid protein precursor inhibitor (APPI), to each of four human serine proteases (kallikrein-6, mesotrypsin, and anionic and cationic trypsins). We then use this map to dissect and improve the affinity and selectivity of APPI variants toward each of the four proteases. Our strategy can be used as a platform for the development of a new generation of target-selective probes and therapeutic agents based on selective protein–protein interactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20design" title="drug design">drug design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directed%20evolution" title=" directed evolution"> directed evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20engineering" title=" protein engineering"> protein engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protease%20inhibition." title=" protease inhibition."> protease inhibition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191315/mapping-protein-selectivity-landscapes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2187</span> Study on Construction of 3D Topography by UAV-Based Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Yao%20Chi">Yun-Yao Chi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chieh-Kai%20Tsai"> Chieh-Kai Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dai-Ling%20Li"> Dai-Ling Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a method of fast 3D topography modeling using the high-resolution camera images is studied based on the characteristics of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system for low altitude aerial photogrammetry and the need of three dimensional (3D) urban landscape modeling. Firstly, the existing high-resolution digital camera with special design of overlap images is designed by reconstructing and analyzing the auto-flying paths of UAVs, which improves the self-calibration function to achieve the high precision imaging by software, and further increased the resolution of the imaging system. Secondly, several-angle images including vertical images and oblique images gotten by the UAV system are used for the detail measure of urban land surfaces and the texture extraction. Finally, the aerial photography and 3D topography construction are both developed in campus of Chang-Jung University and in Guerin district area in Tainan, Taiwan, provide authentication model for construction of 3D topography based on combined UAV-based camera images from system. The results demonstrated that the UAV system for low altitude aerial photogrammetry can be used in the construction of 3D topography production, and the technology solution in this paper offers a new, fast, and technical plan for the 3D expression of the city landscape, fine modeling and visualization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D" title="3D">3D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topography" title=" topography"> topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV" title=" UAV"> UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=images" title=" images"> images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82548/study-on-construction-of-3d-topography-by-uav-based-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2186</span> Assessing the Effects of Land Use Spatial Structure on Urban Heat Island Using New Launched Remote Sensing in Shenzhen, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Liua">Kai Liua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongbo%20Sua"> Hongbo Sua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weimin%20Wangb"> Weimin Wangb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Liangb"> Hong Liangb </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban heat island (UHI) has attracted attention around the world since they profoundly affect human life and climatological. Better understanding the effects of landscape pattern on UHI is crucial for improving the ecological security and sustainability of cities. This study aims to investigate how landscape composition and configuration would affect UHI in Shenzhen, China, based on the analysis of land surface temperature (LST) in relation landscape metrics, mainly with the aid of three new satellite sensors launched by China. HJ-1B satellite system was utilized to estimate surface temperature and comprehensively explore the urban thermal spatial pattern. The landscape metrics of the high spatial resolution remote sensing satellites (GF-1 and ZY-3) were compared and analyzed to validate the performance of the new launched satellite sensors. Results show that the mean LST is correlated with main landscape metrics involving class-based metrics and landscape-based metrics, suggesting that the landscape composition and the spatial configuration both influence UHI. These relationships also reveal that urban green has a significant effect in mitigating UHI in Shenzhen due to its homogeneous spatial distribution and large spatial extent. Overall, our study not only confirm the applicability and effectiveness of the HJ-1B, GF-1 and ZY-3 satellite system for studying UHI but also reveal the impacts of the urban spatial structure on UHI, which is meaningful for the planning and management of the urban environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20heat%20island" title="urban heat island">urban heat island</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shenzhen" title=" Shenzhen"> Shenzhen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20remote%20sensing%20sensor" title=" new remote sensing sensor"> new remote sensing sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing%20satellites" title=" remote sensing satellites"> remote sensing satellites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15982/assessing-the-effects-of-land-use-spatial-structure-on-urban-heat-island-using-new-launched-remote-sensing-in-shenzhen-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2185</span> Impact of Elements of Rock and Water Combination on Landscape Perception: A Visual Landscape Quality Assessment on Kaludiya Pokuna in Sri Lanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarence%20Dissanayake">Clarence Dissanayake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anishka%20A.%20Hettiarachchi"> Anishka A. Hettiarachchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landscape architecture needs to encompass a placemaking process carefully composing and manipulating landscape elements to address perceptual needs of humans, especially aesthetic, psychological and spiritual. The objective of this qualitative investigation is to inquire the impact of elements of rock and water combination on landscape perception and related feelings, emotions, and behavior. The past empirical studies have assessed the impact of landscape elements in isolation on user preference, yet the combined effect of elements have been less considered. This research was conducted with reference to the verity of qualities of water and rock through a visual landscape quality assessment focusing on landscape qualities derived from five visual concepts (coherence, historicity imageability, naturalness, and ephemera). 'Kaludiya Pokuna' archeological site in Anuradhapura was investigated with a sample of University students (n=19, male 14, female 5, age 20-25) using a five-point Likert scale via a perception based questionnaire and a visitor employed photographic survey (VEP). Two hypothetical questions were taken into investigation concerning biophilic (naturalness) and topophilic (historicity) aspects of humans to prefer a landscape with rock and water. The findings revealed that this combination encourages both biophilic and topophilic aspects, but in varying degrees. The identified hierarchy of visual concepts based on visitor’s preference signify coherence (93%), historicity (89%), imageability (79%), naturalness (75%) and ephemera (70%) respectively. It was further revealed that this combination creates a scenery more coherent dominating information processing aspect of humans to perceive a landscape over the biophilic and topophilic aspects. Different characteristics and secondary landscape effects generated by rock and water combination were found to affect in transforming a space into a place, full filling the aesthetic and spiritual aspects of the visitors. These findings enhance a means of making places for people, resource management and historical landscape conservation. Equalization of gender based participation, taking diverse cases and increasing the sample size with more analytical photographic analysis are recommended to enhance the quality of further research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20perception" title="landscape perception">landscape perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visitor%E2%80%99s%20preference" title=" visitor’s preference"> visitor’s preference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20and%20water%20combination" title=" rock and water combination"> rock and water combination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20concepts" title=" visual concepts"> visual concepts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81874/impact-of-elements-of-rock-and-water-combination-on-landscape-perception-a-visual-landscape-quality-assessment-on-kaludiya-pokuna-in-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2184</span> Studying Frame-Resistant Steel Structures under Near Field Ground Motion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Hashemi">S. A. Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khoshraftar"> A. Khoshraftar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the influence of the vertical seismic component on the non-linear dynamics analysis of three different structures. The subject structures were analyzed and designed according to recent codes. This paper considers three types of buildings: 5-, 10-, and 15-story buildings. The non-linear dynamics analysis of the structures with assuming elastic-perfectly-plastic behavior was performed using Ram Perform-3D software; the horizontal component was taken into consideration with and without the incorporation of the corresponding vertical component. Dynamic responses obtained for the horizontal component acting alone were compared with those obtained from the simultaneous application of both seismic components. The results show that the effect of the vertical component of the ground motion may increase the axial load significantly in the interior columns and consequently, the stories. The plastic mechanisms would be changed. The P-Delta effect is expected to increase. The punching base plate shear of the columns should be considered. Moreover, the vertical component increases the input energy when the structures exhibit inelastic behavior and are taller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inelastic%20behavior" title="inelastic behavior">inelastic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20dynamic%20analysis" title=" non-linear dynamic analysis"> non-linear dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20structure" title=" steel structure"> steel structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20component" title=" vertical component"> vertical component</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30902/studying-frame-resistant-steel-structures-under-near-field-ground-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2183</span> Simulation of Flow Patterns in Vertical Slot Fishway with Cylindrical Obstacles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Solimani%20Babarsad">Mohsen Solimani Babarsad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payam%20Taheri"> Payam Taheri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical results of vertical slot fishways with and without cylinders study are presented. The simulated results and the measured data in the fishways are compared to validate the application of the model. This investigation is made using FLUENT V.6.3, a Computational Fluid Dynamics solver. Advantages of using these types of numerical tools are the possibility of avoiding the St.-Venant equations’ limitations, and turbulence can be modeled by means of different models such as the k-ε model. In general, the present study has demonstrated that the CFD model could be useful for analysis and design of vertical slot fishways with cylinders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slot%20Fish-way" title="slot Fish-way">slot Fish-way</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-%CE%B5%20model" title=" k-ε model"> k-ε model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=St.-Venant%20equations%E2%80%99" title=" St.-Venant equations’"> St.-Venant equations’</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31504/simulation-of-flow-patterns-in-vertical-slot-fishway-with-cylindrical-obstacles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2182</span> Performing the Landscape: Temporary and Performative Practices in Landscape Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Costa">Miguel Costa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the "time" element being an intrinsic characteristic of the work with the landscape, its execution and completion are also often dependent on external factors, i.e., the slow bureaucratic procedures required for the implementation of a project. In the urban areas of the city, these conditions are even more present — some landscape projects are articulated with the architectural/urban design, transporting itself long, expensive and inflexible processes related with the constant transformations of contemporary urban culture, where the needs and expectations could change before the project is finished. However, despite the renewed interest and growing concern for issues related to the landscapes (particularly since the European Landscape Convention, its scope and fields of action, extended to all the landscapes and not just the selected ones), still lacks the need for a greater inclusion of citizens in its protection and construction processes as well as a greater transparency and clarity of the consequences and results of their active participation. This article aims to reflect on the production processes of urban landscapes, on its completion runtime and its relationship with the citizens by introducing temporary projects as a fieldwork methodology, as well as using the contribution of different professional practices and knowledge for its monitoring, execution, and implementation. These strategies address a more interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary and performative approach, not only from the ephemeral experience of objects and actions but also from the processes and the dynamic events that are organized from these objects and actions over the landscape. The goal is to discuss the results of these approaches on its different dimensions: critical dimension; experimental and strategic dimension; pedagogical dimension; political dimension; cultural. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20fieldwork" title="landscape fieldwork">landscape fieldwork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interdisciplinarity" title=" interdisciplinarity"> interdisciplinarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20inclusion" title=" public inclusion"> public inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20participation" title=" public participation"> public participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporary%20projects" title=" temporary projects"> temporary projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transdisciplinarity" title=" transdisciplinarity"> transdisciplinarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48354/performing-the-landscape-temporary-and-performative-practices-in-landscape-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2181</span> The Effect of Vertical Shear-link in Improving the Seismic Performance of Structures with Eccentrically Bracing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Baradaran">Mohammad Reza Baradaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Hamzezarghani"> Farhad Hamzezarghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Rastegari%20Ghiri"> Mehdi Rastegari Ghiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Mirsanjari"> Zahra Mirsanjari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Passive control methods can be utilized to build earthquake resistant structures, and also to strengthen the vulnerable ones. One of the most effective, yet simple passive control methods is the use of vertical shear-links (VSL) in systems with eccentric bracing. In fact, vertical shear-links dissipate the earthquake energy and act like a ductile fuse. In this paper, we studied the effect of this system in increasing the ductility and energy dissipation and also modeled the behavior of this type of eccentric bracing, and compared the hysteresis diagram of the modeled samples with the laboratory samples. We studied several samples of frames with vertical shear-links in order to assess the behavior of this type of eccentric bracing. Each of these samples was modeled in finite element software ANSYS 9.0, and was analyzed under the static cyclic loading. It was found that vertical shear-links have a more stable hysteresis loops. Another analysis showed that using honeycomb beams as the horizontal beam along with steel reinforcement has no negative effect on the hysteresis behavior of the sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20shear-link" title="vertical shear-link">vertical shear-link</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20control" title=" passive control"> passive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20analysis" title=" cyclic analysis"> cyclic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20dissipation" title=" energy dissipation"> energy dissipation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeycomb%20beam" title=" honeycomb beam"> honeycomb beam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30924/the-effect-of-vertical-shear-link-in-improving-the-seismic-performance-of-structures-with-eccentrically-bracing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2180</span> Climate Change Based Frontier Research in Landscape Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyan%20Wang">Xiaoyan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongde%20Wang"> Zhongde Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issue of climate change, which originated in the middle of the twentieth century, has become a focus of international political, academic, and non-governmental organizations and public attention. In order to address the problems caused by climate change, the Chinese government has proposed a dual-carbon target and taken some national measures, such as ecological priority and green low-carbon development. These goals and measures are highly aligned with the values of the landscape architecture industry. This is an opportunity for the architectural discipline and the landscape architecture industry, so it is very necessary to summarize and analyze the hotspots related to climate change in the field of building science in China, which can assist the landscape architecture industry and related organizations in formulating more rational professional goals and taking actions that contribute to the betterment of societal, environmental development. Through the study, it is found as follows: firstly, after 20 years of rapid development, the research on climate change in the major architectural disciplines has shown a trend of diversification of research perspectives, interdisciplinary cross-cutting, and broadening of content; secondly, the research contents of landscape architecture focuses on the strategies to adapt to climate change, such as selection of urban tree species, the urban green infrastructure space layout, and the resilient city. Finally, in the future, climate change-based landscape architecture research will make the content system more diversified, but at the same time, it is still necessary to further deepen the research on quantitative methodology and construct scale systematic planning and design methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20architecture" title=" landscape architecture"> landscape architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20mapping" title=" knowledge mapping"> knowledge mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cites-pace" title=" cites-pace"> cites-pace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173288/climate-change-based-frontier-research-in-landscape-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2179</span> Landscape Pattern Evolution and Optimization Strategy in Wuhan Urban Development Zone, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Yue">Feng Yue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fei%20Dai"> Fei Dai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid development of urbanization process in China, its environmental protection pressure is severely tested. So, analyzing and optimizing the landscape pattern is an important measure to ease the pressure on the ecological environment. This paper takes Wuhan Urban Development Zone as the research object, and studies its landscape pattern evolution and quantitative optimization strategy. First, remote sensing image data from 1990 to 2015 were interpreted by using Erdas software. Next, the landscape pattern index of landscape level, class level, and patch level was studied based on Fragstats. Then five indicators of ecological environment based on National Environmental Protection Standard of China were selected to evaluate the impact of landscape pattern evolution on the ecological environment. Besides, the cost distance analysis of ArcGIS was applied to simulate wildlife migration thus indirectly measuring the improvement of ecological environment quality. The result shows that the area of land for construction increased 491%. But the bare land, sparse grassland, forest, farmland, water decreased 82%, 47%, 36%, 25% and 11% respectively. They were mainly converted into construction land. On landscape level, the change of landscape index all showed a downward trend. Number of patches (NP), Landscape shape index (LSI), Connection index (CONNECT), Shannon's diversity index (SHDI), Aggregation index (AI) separately decreased by 2778, 25.7, 0.042, 0.6, 29.2%, all of which indicated that the NP, the degree of aggregation and the landscape connectivity declined. On class level, the construction land and forest, CPLAND, TCA, AI and LSI ascended, but the Distribution Statistics Core Area (CORE_AM) decreased. As for farmland, water, sparse grassland, bare land, CPLAND, TCA and DIVISION, the Patch Density (PD) and LSI descended, yet the patch fragmentation and CORE_AM increased. On patch level, patch area, Patch perimeter, Shape index of water, farmland and bare land continued to decline. The three indexes of forest patches increased overall, sparse grassland decreased as a whole, and construction land increased. It is obvious that the urbanization greatly influenced the landscape evolution. Ecological diversity and landscape heterogeneity of ecological patches clearly dropped. The Habitat Quality Index continuously declined by 14%. Therefore, optimization strategy based on greenway network planning is raised for discussion. This paper contributes to the study of landscape pattern evolution in planning and design and to the research on spatial layout of urbanization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20pattern" title="landscape pattern">landscape pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20strategy" title=" optimization strategy"> optimization strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ArcGIS" title=" ArcGIS"> ArcGIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdas" title=" Erdas"> Erdas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20metrics" title=" landscape metrics"> landscape metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20architecture" title=" landscape architecture"> landscape architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92817/landscape-pattern-evolution-and-optimization-strategy-in-wuhan-urban-development-zone-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2178</span> Vertical Urban Design Guideline and Its Application to Measure Human Cognition and Emotions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee%20Sun%20%28Sunny%29%20Choi">Hee Sun (Sunny) Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerhard%20Bruyns"> Gerhard Bruyns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Zhang"> Wang Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sky%20Cheng"> Sky Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saijal%20Sharma"> Saijal Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research addresses the need for a comprehensive framework that can guide the design and assessment of multi-level public spaces and public realms and their impact on the built environment. The study aims to understand and measure the neural mechanisms involved in this process. By doing so, it can lay the foundation for vertical and volumetric urbanism and ensure consistency and excellence in the field while also supporting scientific research methods for urban design with cognitive neuroscientists. To investigate these aspects, the paper focuses on the neighborhood scale in Hong Kong, specifically examining multi-level public spaces and quasi-public spaces within both commercial and residential complexes. The researchers use predictive Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a methodology to assess and comprehend the applicability of the urban design framework for vertical and volumetric urbanism. The findings aim to identify the factors that contribute to successful public spaces within a vertical living environment, thus introducing a new typology of public spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20urbanism" title="vertical urbanism">vertical urbanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific%20research%20methods" title=" scientific research methods"> scientific research methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20cognition" title=" spatial cognition"> spatial cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20design%20guideline" title=" urban design guideline"> urban design guideline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174034/vertical-urban-design-guideline-and-its-application-to-measure-human-cognition-and-emotions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2177</span> Links between Landscape Management and Environmental Risk Assessment: Considerations from the Italian Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mara%20Balestrieri">Mara Balestrieri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clara%20Pusceddu"> Clara Pusceddu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Issues relating to the destructive phenomena that can damage people and goods have returned to the centre of debate in Italy with the increase in catastrophic episodes in recent years in a country which is highly vulnerable to hydrological risk. Environmental factors and geological and geomorphological territorial characteristics play an important role in determining the level of vulnerability and the natural tendency to risk. However, a territory has also been subjected to the requirements of and transformations of society, and this brings other relevant factors. The reasons for the increase in destructive phenomena are often to be found in the territorial development models adopted. Stewardship of the landscape and management of risk are related issues. This study aims to summarize the most relevant elements about this connection and at the same time to clarify the role of environmental risk assessment as a tool to aid in the sustainable management of landscape. How planners relate to this problem and which aspects should be monitored in order to prepare responsible and useful interventions? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title="assessment">assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape" title=" landscape"> landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33787/links-between-landscape-management-and-environmental-risk-assessment-considerations-from-the-italian-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2176</span> Themes in Aesthetic Perceptions of Restorative Urban Landscapes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Bechtold">Rachel Bechtold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20Shoulders"> Catherine Shoulders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donald%20Johnson"> Donald Johnson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennie%20Popp"> Jennie Popp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Garcia"> Elena Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Wood"> Lisa Wood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Creating successfully restored urban landscapes involves both the sound design of natural resources and the incorporation of human perceptions of landscape. Moving forward with an invested interest from society is a challenge for the efficacy of reclaimed landscape design. In particular, urban areas present a dynamic environment wherein society and nature compete for resources and space. This review is meant to examine how perceptions of urban community members, the stakeholders for the plant species that share their environment, are reflected in aesthetic considerations. Findings from this literature review include themes of (1) aesthetic perceptions of stakeholders in rehabilitated landscapes and (2) the importance of organizing indicators of aesthetic perception for future design decisions. Recommendations include addressing the gap in research on aesthetic perceptions of reclaimed urban landscapes and addressing the lack of a consistent and widely accepted framework for these interdisciplinary studies. With knowledge of stakeholder perceptions, improved aesthetic and ecologic designs can more seamlessly merge into reclaimed urban landscapes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoremediation" title="phytoremediation">phytoremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20landscape%20design" title=" urban landscape design"> urban landscape design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aesthetic%20perception" title=" aesthetic perception"> aesthetic perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20ecology" title=" landscape ecology"> landscape ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytorestoration" title=" phytorestoration"> phytorestoration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20reclamation" title=" landscape reclamation"> landscape reclamation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119298/themes-in-aesthetic-perceptions-of-restorative-urban-landscapes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2175</span> The Impact of Vertical Velocity Parameter Conditions and Its Relationship with Weather Parameters in the Hail Event</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadine%20Ayasha">Nadine Ayasha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hail happened in Sukabumi (August 23, 2020), Sekadau (August 22, 2020), and Bogor (September 23, 2020), where this extreme weather phenomenon occurred in the dry season. This study uses the ERA5 reanalysis model data, it aims to examine the vertical velocity impact on the hail occurrence in the dry season, as well as its relation to other weather parameters such as relative humidity, streamline, and wind velocity. Moreover, HCAI product satellite data is used as supporting data for the convective cloud development analysis. Based on the results of graphs, contours, and Hovmoller vertical cut from ERA5 modeling, the vertical velocity values in the 925 Mb-300 Mb layer in Sukabumi, Sekadau, and Bogor before the hail event ranged between -1.2-(-0.2), -1.5-(-0.2), -1-0 Pa/s. A negative value indicates that there is an upward motion from the air mass that trigger the convective cloud growth, which produces hail. It is evidenced by the presence of Cumulonimbus cloud on HCAI product when the hail falls. Therefore, the vertical velocity has significant effect on the hail event. In addition, the relative humidity in the 850-700 Mb layer is quite wet, which ranges from 80-90%. Meanwhile, the streamline and wind velocity in the three regions show the convergence with slowing wind velocity ranging from 2-4 knots. These results show that the upward motion of the vertical velocity is enough to form the wet atmospheric humidity and form a convergence for the growth of the convective cloud, which produce hail in the dry season. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hail" title="hail">hail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20weather" title=" extreme weather"> extreme weather</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20velocity" title=" vertical velocity"> vertical velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20humidity" title=" relative humidity"> relative humidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streamline" title=" streamline"> streamline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144479/the-impact-of-vertical-velocity-parameter-conditions-and-its-relationship-with-weather-parameters-in-the-hail-event" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2174</span> Numerical Investigation of Embankment Settlement Improved by Method of Preloading by Vertical Drains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abolhasan%20Naeini">Seyed Abolhasan Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeideh%20Mohammadi"> Saeideh Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Time dependent settlement due to loading on soft saturated soils produces many problems such as high consolidation settlements and low consolidation rates. Also, long term consolidation settlement of soft soil underlying the embankment leads to unpredicted settlements and cracks on soil surface. Preloading method is an effective improvement method to solve this problem. Using vertical drains in preloading method is an effective method for improving soft soils. Applying deep soil mixing method on soft soils is another effective method for improving soft soils. There are little studies on using two methods of preloading and deep soil mixing simultaneously. In this paper, the concurrent effect of preloading with deep soil mixing by vertical drains is investigated through a finite element code, Plaxis2D. The influence of parameters such as deep soil mixing columns spacing, existence of vertical drains and distance between them, on settlement and stability factor of safety of embankment embedded on soft soil is investigated in this research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preloading" title="preloading">preloading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20soil" title=" soft soil"> soft soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20drains" title=" vertical drains"> vertical drains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20soil%20mixing" title=" deep soil mixing"> deep soil mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation%20settlement" title=" consolidation settlement"> consolidation settlement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100070/numerical-investigation-of-embankment-settlement-improved-by-method-of-preloading-by-vertical-drains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2173</span> Redefining Urban Landfills – Transformation of a Sanitary Landfill in Indian Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20L.%20Divya%20Gayatri">N. L. Divya Gayatri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In India, over 377 million urban people generate 62 million tons of municipal solid waste per annum. Forty-three million tons are collected, 11.9 million are treated and 31 million tons is dumped in landfill sites. The study aims to have an overall understanding of the working and functioning of a sanitary landfill from the siting to the closure stage and identifying various landscape design techniques that can be implemented in a landfill site and come up with a set of guidelines by analyzing the existing policies and guidelines pertaining to landfills. Constituents of municipal solid waste, methods of landfilling, issues, impacts, Mitigation strategies, Landscape design strategies, design approaches towards a landfill, infrastructure requirements, end-use opportunities have been discussed. The objective is to study the ecological and environmental degradation prevention methods, compare various techniques in remediation, study issues in landfill sites in India, analyze scope and opportunities and explore various landscape design strategies. The understanding of the function of landfills with respect to Municipal solid waste and landscaping is conveyed through this study. The study is limited to Landscape design factors in landfill design guidelines and policies mentioned with regard to the issues and impacts specific to the Indian context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitary%20landfill%20landscaping" title="sanitary landfill landscaping">sanitary landfill landscaping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact" title=" environmental impact"> environmental impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title=" municipal solid waste"> municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guidelines" title=" guidelines"> guidelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20design%20strategies" title=" landscape design strategies"> landscape design strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20design%20approaches" title=" landscape design approaches"> landscape design approaches</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145659/redefining-urban-landfills-transformation-of-a-sanitary-landfill-in-indian-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2172</span> Effect of Runup over a Vertical Pile Supported Caisson Breakwater and Quarter Circle Pile Supported Caisson Breakwater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20J.%20Jemi%20Jeya">T. J. Jemi Jeya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Sriram"> V. Sriram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pile Supported Caisson breakwater is an ecofriendly breakwater very useful in coastal zone protection. The model is developed by considering the advantages of both caisson breakwater and pile supported breakwater, where the top portion is a vertical or quarter circle caisson and the bottom portion consists of a pile supported breakwater defined as Vertical Pile Supported Breakwater (VPSCB) and Quarter-circle Pile Supported Breakwater (QPSCB). The study mainly focuses on comparison of run up over VPSCB and QPSCB under oblique waves. The experiments are carried out in a shallow wave basin under different water depths (d = 0.5 m & 0.55 m) and under different oblique regular waves (0<sup>0</sup>, 15<sup>0</sup>, 30<sup>0</sup>). The run up over the surface is measured by placing two run up probes over the surface at 0.3 m on both sides from the centre of the model. The results show that the non-dimensional shoreward run up shows slight decrease with respect to increase in angle of wave attack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caisson%20breakwater" title="Caisson breakwater">Caisson breakwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20supported%20breakwater" title=" pile supported breakwater"> pile supported breakwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quarter%20circle%20breakwater" title=" quarter circle breakwater"> quarter circle breakwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20breakwater" title=" vertical breakwater"> vertical breakwater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111802/effect-of-runup-over-a-vertical-pile-supported-caisson-breakwater-and-quarter-circle-pile-supported-caisson-breakwater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2171</span> Prediction of Product Size Distribution of a Vertical Stirred Mill Based on Breakage Kinetics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20R.%20Danielle">C. R. Danielle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Erik"> S. Erik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Patrick"> T. Patrick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hugh"> M. Hugh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last decade there has been an increase in demand for fine grinding due to the depletion of coarse-grained orebodies and an increase of processing fine disseminated minerals and complex orebodies. These ores have provided new challenges in concentrator design because fine and ultra-fine grinding is required to achieve acceptable recovery rates. Therefore, the correct design of a grinding circuit is important for minimizing unit costs and increasing product quality. The use of ball mills for grinding in fine size ranges is inefficient and, therefore, vertical stirred grinding mills are becoming increasingly popular in the mineral processing industry due to its already known high energy efficiency. This work presents a hypothesis of a methodology to predict the product size distribution of a vertical stirred mill using a Bond ball mill. The Population Balance Model (PBM) was used to empirically analyze the performance of a vertical mill and a Bond ball mill. The breakage parameters obtained for both grinding mills are compared to determine the possibility of predicting the product size distribution of a vertical mill based on the results obtained from the Bond ball mill. The biggest advantage of this methodology is that most of the minerals processing laboratories already have a Bond ball mill to perform the tests suggested in this study. Preliminary results show the possibility of predicting the performance of a laboratory vertical stirred mill using a Bond ball mill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20ball%20mill" title="bond ball mill">bond ball mill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20balance%20model" title=" population balance model"> population balance model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20size%20distribution" title=" product size distribution"> product size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20stirred%20mill" title=" vertical stirred mill"> vertical stirred mill</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62771/prediction-of-product-size-distribution-of-a-vertical-stirred-mill-based-on-breakage-kinetics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2170</span> The Colombian Linguistic Landscape: A Study of Commercial Signs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francia%20Martinez">Francia Martinez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study documents and demonstrates the profound impact of the high status of American English and culture in Colombian commercial landscape due to the globalization and commodification of English. It also documents and describes how Colombian advertisers make use of various language and visual mechanisms in the commercial linguistic landscape to convey messages, create an image with which the target audience can identify, and build a relationship with that target audience. The data (in the form of pictures) were collected in different cities in Colombia and were classified and organized into different categories for the reliability and validity of the analysis. The research questions were: do the ubiquity and high status of American English and culture play a major role in the Colombian commercial linguistic landscape? If so, how?, what roles do national and local culture and language (Spanish) play in the commercial linguistic landscape?, and what different linguistic and visual strategies do Colombian advertisers employ to reach their target audience? Based on data analysis and results, American and local culture and icons play a major role when Colombian advertisers create and design their commercial logos and ads to get consumers’ attention and establish a rapport with them in a successful way. In order to achieve their objectives, Colombian advertisers rely on creative linguistic and visual techniques in their ads, such as puns, humor, irony, comparisons, metaphors, mocking, exaggeration, parody, personification, sarcasm, satire, allusion, onomatopoeias, and imitation (copycat or cloning). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colombian%20ads" title="Colombian ads">Colombian ads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20landscape" title=" linguistic landscape"> linguistic landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhetorical%20devices" title=" rhetorical devices"> rhetorical devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociolinguistics" title=" sociolinguistics"> sociolinguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73350/the-colombian-linguistic-landscape-a-study-of-commercial-signs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2169</span> Economic Valuation of Forest Landscape Function Using a Conditional Logit Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Julius">A. J. Julius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Imoagene"> E. Imoagene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Ganiyu"> O. A. Ganiyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic value of the services and functions rendered by the forest landscape using a conditional logit model. For this study, attributes and levels of forest landscape were chosen; specifically, attributes include topographical forest type, forest type, forest density, recreational factor (side trip, accessibility of valley), and willingness to participate (WTP). Based on these factors, 48 choices sets with balanced and orthogonal form using statistical analysis system (SAS) 9.1 was adopted. The efficiency of the questionnaire was 6.02 (D-Error. 0.1), and choice set and socio-economic variables were analyzed. To reduce the cognitive load of respondents, the 48 choice sets were divided into 4 types in the questionnaire, so that respondents could respond to 12 choice sets, respectively. The study populations were citizens from seven metropolitan cities including Ibadan, Ilorin, Osogbo, etc. and annual WTP per household was asked by using the interview questionnaire, a total of 267 copies were recovered. As a result, Oshogbo had 0.45, and the statistical similarities could not be found except for urban forests, forest density, recreational factor, and level of WTP. Average annual WTP per household for forest landscape was 104,758 Naira (Nigerian currency) based on the outcome from this model, total economic value of the services and functions enjoyed from Nigerian forest landscape has reached approximately 1.6 trillion Naira. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20valuation" title="economic valuation">economic valuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20cities" title=" urban cities"> urban cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=services" title=" services"> services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20landscape" title=" forest landscape"> forest landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logit%20model" title=" logit model"> logit model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nigeria" title=" nigeria"> nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110923/economic-valuation-of-forest-landscape-function-using-a-conditional-logit-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2168</span> Characteristics of Silicon Integrated Vertical Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingqi%20Li">Jingqi Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new vertical carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) has been developed. The source, drain and gate are vertically stacked in this structure. The carbon nanotubes are put on the side wall of the vertical stack. Unique transfer characteristics which depend on both silicon type and the sign of drain voltage have been observed in silicon integrated CNTFETs. The significant advantage of this CNTFET is that the short channel of the transistor can be fabricated without using complicate lithography technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title="carbon nanotubes">carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field-effect%20transistors" title=" field-effect transistors"> field-effect transistors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20property" title=" electrical property"> electrical property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20channel%20fabrication" title=" short channel fabrication"> short channel fabrication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82705/characteristics-of-silicon-integrated-vertical-carbon-nanotube-field-effect-transistors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2167</span> Exploring the Characteristics of Three Elements of the Mountainous Cultural Landscape in Yemen: Mountainous Cities, Mountainous Villages, and Cultivated Terraces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulfattah%20A.%20Q.%20Alwah">Abdulfattah A. Q. Alwah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Al%E2%80%91Attar"> Amal Al‑Attar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumyah%20M.%20Al-Fanini"> Sumyah M. Al-Fanini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ellen%20Fetzer"> Ellen Fetzer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cultural landscapes enhance the spiritual relationship between people and their environment. They represent civilized evidence of peoples' interaction with nature and the exploitation of its resources to build their civilization. Yemeni urban and rural environments are rich in many cultural landscape elements that reflect the ingenuity of Yemeni people in interacting with nature. Yemen's mountain cities and villages appear in harmony with mountains, with vertical tower building patterns, local building materials, and unique architectural and urban elements and features. Such cities and villages are still full of life today, such as the cities of Taiz, Ibb, Lahj, and historical Jableh and hundreds of mountain villages in the provinces of the mountainous highlands. The cultivated mountain terraces reflect the ability of Yemenis to create arable areas in the tall mountains and to use successful means of irrigation and rainwater drainage. Unfortunately, there is a severe shortage of research studies that discuss the cultural landscapes in Yemen and the mechanisms for their preservation. Therefore, this study aimed to shed light on the types of mountain cultural landscapes in Yemen and discuss the means of their preservation. The study achieved its objectives through a theoretical review of available studies and field visits to some sites in Ibb, Jableh, and Taiz cities. The study highlighted the human contribution to these sites and elements and showed the Yemenis’ skills in adapting to nature and benefiting from it ideally. This study can guide the competent authorities to assess, develop, and protect cultural landscape sites in Yemen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civilization" title="civilization">civilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environment" title=" urban environment"> urban environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yemeni%20mountain%20architecture" title=" Yemeni mountain architecture"> Yemeni mountain architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20heritage%20conservation" title=" human heritage conservation"> human heritage conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20identity" title=" cultural identity"> cultural identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171687/exploring-the-characteristics-of-three-elements-of-the-mountainous-cultural-landscape-in-yemen-mountainous-cities-mountainous-villages-and-cultivated-terraces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20landscape&page=2" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20landscape&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20landscape&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item 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