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lang="en">before</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif text-2xl mobile:text-xl">(adv., prep.)</span></h2></div><section class="-mt-4 -mb-2 lg:-mb-2"><p>Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">beforan</i> "in front of, in former times; in the presence of, in front of in time or position," from Proto-Germanic <i class="foreign notranslate">*bi-</i> "by" (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of by " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/by">by</a>) + <i class="foreign notranslate">*forana</i> "from the front," adverbial derivative of <i class="foreign notranslate">*fora</i> (from PIE root <a rel="nofollow" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *per- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/*per-#etymonline_v_52721">*per-</a> (1) "forward," hence "in front of, before"). Compare Old Frisian <i class="foreign notranslate">bifara</i>, Old Saxon <i class="foreign notranslate">biforan</i>, Old High German <i class="foreign notranslate">bifora</i>, German <i class="foreign notranslate">bevor</i>.</p> <p>As a conjunction, "previous to the time when," from c. 1200. Contrasting <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>before and after</strong></i> in illustrations is from Hogarth (1768). <i class="foreign notranslate">Before the mast</i> in old sailing ship jargon in reference to the life of a common sailor is from the place of their berths, in front of the fore-mast.</p></section><div class="-mb-6 lg:-mb-8"></div></section></div></div></div></div><div><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Entries linking to <em> before </em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of by" class="w-full group" href="/word/by"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_18164" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">by</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(prep., adv.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">be-</i> (unstressed) or <i class="foreign notranslate">bi</i> (stressed) "near, in, by, during, about," from Proto-Germanic <i class="foreign notranslate">*bi</i> "around, about," in compounds often merely intensive (source also of Old Saxon and Old Frisian <i class="foreign notranslate">bi</i> "by, near," Middle Dutch <i class="foreign notranslate">bie</i>, Dutch <i class="foreign notranslate">bij</i>, German <i class="foreign notranslate">bei</i> "by, at, near," Gothic <i class="foreign notranslate">bi</i> "about"), from PIE <i class="foreign notranslate">*bhi</i>, reduced form of root <a rel="nofollow" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *ambhi- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/*ambhi-">*ambhi-</a> "around."</p> <p>As an adverb by c. 1300, "near, close at hand."</p> <p>OED (2nd ed. print) has 38 distinct definitions of it as a preposition. Originally an adverbial particle of place, which sense survives in place names (<i class="foreign notranslate">Whitby</i>, <i class="foreign notranslate">Grimsby</i>, etc., also compare <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of rudesby " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/rudesby">rudesby</a>). Elliptical use for "secondary course" was in Old English (opposed to <i class="foreign notranslate">main</i>, as in <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of byway " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/byway">byway</a>, also compare <i class="foreign notranslate">by-blow</i> "illegitimate child," 1590s, Middle English <i class="foreign notranslate">loteby</i> "a concubine," from obsolete <i class="foreign notranslate">lote</i> "to lurk, lie hidden"). This also is the sense of the second <i class="foreign notranslate">by</i> in the phrase <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>by the by</strong></i> (1610s).</p> <p><i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>By the way</strong></i> literally means "along the way" (c. 1200), hence "in passing by," used figuratively to introduce a tangential observation ("incidentally") by 1540s. To swear <i class="foreign notranslate">by</i> something or someone is in Old English, perhaps originally "in the presence of." Phrase <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>by and by</strong></i> (early 14c.) originally meant "one by one," with <i class="foreign notranslate">by</i> apparently denoting succession; modern sense of "before long" is from 1520s.</p> <p><i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>By and large</strong></i> "in all its length and breadth" (1660s) originally was nautical, "sailing to the wind and off it," hence "in one direction then another;" from nautical expression <i class="foreign notranslate">large wind</i>, one that crosses the ship's line in a favorable direction.</p></section></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of afore" class="w-full group" href="/word/afore"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_5213" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">afore</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(adv.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>Middle English, from Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">onforan</i>, contraction of prepositional phrase <i class="foreign notranslate">on foran</i> "before in place, at the beginning of, in front of," from <i class="foreign notranslate">on</i> (prep.), see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of a- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/a-#etymonline_v_3">a-</a> (1), + <i class="foreign notranslate">foran</i> (adv.) "in front," dative of <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of for " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/for">for</a>. In some cases probably it represents Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">ætforan</i> "at-fore."</p> <p>Attested from early 14c. as a preposition, "before in time," and as a conjunction, "earlier than the time when, before." Once the literary equivalent of <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of before " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/before">before</a>, it now has been replaced by that word except in nautical use, colloquial dialects, and in combinations such as <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of aforesaid " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/aforesaid">aforesaid</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of aforethought " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/aforethought">aforethought</a>.</p></section></div></div></div><div class="mt-4"><ul class="list-none flex gap-2 flex-wrap"><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of beforehand" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/beforehand">beforehand</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of beforetime" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/beforetime">beforetime</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of below" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/below">below</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of fore" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/fore">fore</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of therebefore" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/therebefore">therebefore</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of *per-" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/*per-">*per-</a></li><li><a role="button" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 border-medium min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-full [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none border-primary text-primary data-[hover=true]:!bg-primary data-[hover=true]:!text-primary-foreground text-sm sm:text-base md:text-lg font-sans bg-primary/10 dark:bg-primary/5 hover:text-white px-2 sm:px-3 md:px-4 whitespace-normal sm:whitespace-nowrap" href="/word/before/related">See All Related Words (8)<div class="-ml-1"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="text-3xl text-inherit" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="space-y-2 w-full"><div class="relative"><span class="text-sm font-sans text-spanish-gray absolute -mt-6">Advertisement</span><div class="relative min-h-[90px] w-full"><div class="relative z-10 min-h-[90px] w-full flex items-center justify-center"><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc_wd_ngram" class="flex adsbygoogle items-center transition-all mt-1 w-full max-h-[250px]"><div class="w-full p-4 rounded-md min-w-[300px] items-center justify-center flex w-full h-full bg-secondary/50"><p class="text-foreground/80 text-center">Want to remove ads? <a class="text-primary 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overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of below" class="w-full group" href="/word/below"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">below</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title=""in a lower position," early 14c., biloogh, from be- "by, about" + logh, lou, lowe "low" (see low (adj.)). Apparently a variant of earlier a-lowe (influenced by other adverbs in be-; see before), the parallel form to an-high (now on high). Beneath was the usual word; below was ve" class="block" href="/word/below"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of below">"in a lower position," early 14c., biloogh, from be- "by, about" + logh, lou, lowe "low" (see low (adj.)). Apparently a variant of earlier a-lowe (influenced by other adverbs in be-; see before), the parallel form to an-high (now on high). Beneath was the usual word; below was ve</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of fore" class="w-full group" href="/word/fore"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">fore</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="Old English fore (prep.) "before, in front of, in presence of; because of, for the sake of; earlier in time; instead of;" as an adverb, "before, previously, formerly, once," from Proto-Germanic *fura "before" (source also of Old Saxon fora, Old Frisian fara, Old High German fora," class="block" href="/word/fore"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of fore">Old English fore (prep.) "before, in front of, in presence of; because of, for the sake of; earlier in time; instead of;" as an adverb, "before, previously, formerly, once," from Proto-Germanic *fura "before" (source also of Old Saxon fora, Old Frisian fara, Old High German fora,</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of for" class="w-full group" href="/word/for"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">for</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="Old English for "before, in the sight of, in the presence of; as far as; during, before; on account of, for the sake of;...in place of, instead of," from Proto-Germanic *fur "before; in" (source also of Old Saxon furi "before," Old Frisian for,...Middle Dutch vore, Dutch voor "for, before;" German für "for;" Danish for "for," før "before;" Gothic faur "for," faura..."before"), from PIE root *per- (1) "forward," hence "in front of, before," etc...." class="block" href="/word/for"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of for">Old English for "before, in the sight of, in the presence of; as far as; during, before; on account of, for the sake of;...in place of, instead of," from Proto-Germanic *fur "before; in" (source also of Old Saxon furi "before," Old Frisian for,...Middle Dutch vore, Dutch voor "for, before;" German für "for;" Danish for "for," før "before;" Gothic faur "for," faura..."before"), from PIE root *per- (1) "forward," hence "in front of, before," etc....</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of antediluvian" class="w-full group" href="/word/antediluvian"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">antediluvian</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title=""before Noah's flood," 1640s, from Latin ante "before" (from PIE root *ant- "front, forehead," with derivatives meaning "...in front of, before") + diluvium "a flood" (see deluge (n.))....As a noun meaning "person who lived before the Flood," from 1680s. Related: antediluvial (1823)...." class="block" href="/word/antediluvian"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of antediluvian">"before Noah's flood," 1640s, from Latin ante "before" (from PIE root *ant- "front, forehead," with derivatives meaning "...in front of, before") + diluvium "a flood" (see deluge (n.))....As a noun meaning "person who lived before the Flood," from 1680s. Related: antediluvial (1823)....</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of a" class="w-full group" href="/word/a"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">a</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="indefinite article, the form of an used before consonants, mid-12c., a weakened form of Old English an "one" (see an)....The disappearance of the -n- before consonants was mostly complete by mid-14c....before unaccented syllables in h- or (e)u- but is now no longer normally spoken as such....The -n- also lingered (especially in southern England dialect) before -w- and -y- through 15c...." class="block" href="/word/a"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of a">indefinite article, the form of an used before consonants, mid-12c., a weakened form of Old English an "one" (see an)....The disappearance of the -n- before consonants was mostly complete by mid-14c....before unaccented syllables in h- or (e)u- but is now no longer normally spoken as such....The -n- also lingered (especially in southern England dialect) before -w- and -y- through 15c....</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of preposition" class="w-full group" href="/word/preposition"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">preposition</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="late 14c., preposicioun, in grammar, "indeclinable part of speech regularly placed before and governing a noun in an oblique...showing its relation to a verb, adjective, or other noun," from Latin praepositionem (nominative praepositio) "a putting before..., a prefixing," noun of action from past-participle stem of praeponere "put before," from prae "before" (see pre-) + ponere...In grammatical use, a loan-translation of Greek prothesis, literally "a setting before."..." class="block" href="/word/preposition"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of preposition">late 14c., preposicioun, in grammar, "indeclinable part of speech regularly placed before and governing a noun in an oblique...showing its relation to a verb, adjective, or other noun," from Latin praepositionem (nominative praepositio) "a putting before..., a prefixing," noun of action from past-participle stem of praeponere "put before," from prae "before" (see pre-) + ponere...In grammatical use, a loan-translation of Greek prothesis, literally "a setting before."...</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of predecessor" class="w-full group" href="/word/predecessor"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">predecessor</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="late 14c., predecessour, "one who has held an office or position before the present holder," from Old French predecesseor..."forebear" and directly from Late Latin praedecessorem (nominative praedecessor) "one who has gone before," from Latin prae..."before" (see pre-) + decessor "retiring official," from decess-, past participle stem of decedere "go away," also "die"..." class="block" href="/word/predecessor"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of predecessor">late 14c., predecessour, "one who has held an office or position before the present holder," from Old French predecesseor..."forebear" and directly from Late Latin praedecessorem (nominative praedecessor) "one who has gone before," from Latin prae..."before" (see pre-) + decessor "retiring official," from decess-, past participle stem of decedere "go away," also "die"...</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of front" class="w-full group" href="/word/front"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">front</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="late 13c., "forehead," from Old French front "forehead, brow" (12c.), from Latin frontem (nominative frons) "forehead, brow, front; countenance, expression (especially as an indicator of truthfulness or shame); facade of a building, forepart; external appearance; vanguard, front " class="block" href="/word/front"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of front">late 13c., "forehead," from Old French front "forehead, brow" (12c.), from Latin frontem (nominative frons) "forehead, brow, front; countenance, expression (especially as an indicator of truthfulness or shame); facade of a building, forepart; external appearance; vanguard, front </div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of dyslexia" class="w-full group" href="/word/dyslexia"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">dyslexia</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title=""a difficulty in reading due to a condition of the brain," 1885, from German dyslexie (1883), from Greek dys- "bad, abnormal, difficult" (see dys-) + lexis "word" (taken as "reading"), from legein "speak" (from PIE root *leg- (1) "to collect, gather," with derivatives meaning "to" class="block" href="/word/dyslexia"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of dyslexia">"a difficulty in reading due to a condition of the brain," 1885, from German dyslexie (1883), from Greek dys- "bad, abnormal, difficult" (see dys-) + lexis "word" (taken as "reading"), from legein "speak" (from PIE root *leg- (1) "to collect, gather," with derivatives meaning "to</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of ethnic" class="w-full group" href="/word/ethnic"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">ethnic</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="late 15c. (earlier ethnical, early 15c.) "pagan, heathen," from Late Latin ethnicus, from Greek ethnikos "of or for a nation, national," by some writers (Polybius, etc.) "adopted to the genius or customs of a people, peculiar to a people," and among the grammarians "suited to the" class="block" href="/word/ethnic"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of ethnic">late 15c. (earlier ethnical, early 15c.) "pagan, heathen," from Late Latin ethnicus, from Greek ethnikos "of or for a nation, national," by some writers (Polybius, etc.) "adopted to the genius or customs of a people, peculiar to a people," and among the grammarians "suited to the</div></a></div></div></div><div><div class="w-full space-y-4 pb-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Share <em>before</em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex gap-4 items-center"><button class="text-lg bg-secondary font-bold text-battleship-gray/80 px-4 py-2 rounded-full transition-colors hover:text-primary hover:bg-gray-200">‘cite’</button><button class="text-2xl bg-secondary text-battleship-gray/80 cursor-pointer hover:text-[#1877f2] p-2 rounded-full hover:bg-gray-100" rel="nofollow"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 320 512" height="1em" width="1em" 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earliest year for which there is a surviving written record of that word (in English, unless otherwise indicated). 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words\"},{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"https://www.etymonline.com/word/before\",\"name\":\"before\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https://www.etymonline.com\"}]2c:T52e,\u003cp\u003eOld English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebeforan\u003c/span\u003e \"in front of, in former times; in the presence of, in front of in time or position,\" from Proto-Germanic \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*bi-\u003c/span\u003e \"by\" (see \u003ca href=\"/word/by\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of by \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eby\u003c/a\u003e) + \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*forana\u003c/span\u003e \"from the front,\" adverbial derivative of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*fora\u003c/span\u003e (from PIE root \u003ca href=\"/word/*per-#etymonline_v_52721\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of *per- \"rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003e*per-\u003c/a\u003e (1) \"forward,\" hence \"in front of, before\"). Compare Old Frisian \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebifara\u003c/span\u003e, Old Saxon \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebiforan\u003c/span\u003e, Old High German \u003cspan class=\"for"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"eign notranslate\"\u003ebifora\u003c/span\u003e, German \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebevor\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a conjunction, \"previous to the time when,\" from c. 1200. Contrasting \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebefore and after\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e in illustrations is from Hogarth (1768). \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eBefore the mast\u003c/span\u003e in old sailing ship jargon in reference to the life of a common sailor is from the place of their berths, in front of the fore-mast.\u003c/p\u003e2e:Tb72,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003eOld English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebe-\u003c/span\u003e (unstressed) or \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebi\u003c/span\u003e (stressed) \"near, in, by, during, about,\" from Proto-Germanic \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*bi\u003c/span\u003e \"around, about,\" in compounds often merely intensive (source also of Old Saxon and Old Frisian \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebi\u003c/span\u003e \"by, near,\" Middle Dutch \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebie\u003c/span\u003e, Dutch \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebij\u003c/span\u003e, German \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebei\u003c/span\u003e \"by, at, near,\" Gothic \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebi\u003c/span\u003e \"about\"), from PIE \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*bhi\u003c/span\u003e, reduced form of root \u003ca href=\"/word/*ambhi-\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of *ambhi- \"rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003e*ambhi-\u003c/a\u003e \"around.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs an adverb by c. 1300, \"near, close at hand.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOED (2nd ed. print) has 38 distinct definitions of it as a preposition. Originally an adverbial particle of place, which sense survives in place names (\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eWhitby\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eGrimsby\u003c/span\u003e, etc., also compare \u003ca href=\"/word/rudesby\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of rudesby \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003erudesby\u003c/a\u003e). Elliptical use for \"secondary course\" was in Old English (opposed to \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003emain\u003c/span\u003e, as in \u003ca href=\"/word/byway\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of byway \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ebyway\u003c/a\u003e, also compare \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eby-blow\u003c/span\u003e \"illegitimate child,\" 1590s, Middle English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eloteby\u003c/span\u003e \"a concubine,\" from obsolete \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003elote\u003c/span\u003e \"to lurk, lie hidden\"). This also is the sense of the second \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eby\u003c/span\u003e in the phrase \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eby the by\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (1610s).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBy the way\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e literally means \"along the way\" (c. 1200), hence \"in passing by,\" used figuratively to introduce a tangential observation (\"incidentally\") by 1540s. To swear \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eby\u003c/span\u003e something or someone is in Old English, perhaps originally \"in the presence of.\" Phrase \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eby and by\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (early 14c.) originally meant \"one by one,\" with \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eby\u003c/span\u003e apparently denoting succession; modern sense of \"before long\" is from 1520s.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBy and large\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \"in all its length and breadth\" (1660s) originally was nautical, \"sailing to the wind and off it,\" hence \"in one direction then another;\" from nautical expression \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003elarge wind\u003c/span\u003e, one that crosses the ship's line in a favorable direction.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T56d,\u003cp\u003eMiddle English, from Old English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eonforan\u003c/span\u003e, contraction of prepositional phrase \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eon foran\u003c/span\u003e \"before in place, at the beginning of, in front of,\" from \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eon\u003c/span\u003e (prep.), see \u003ca href=\"/word/a-#etymonline_v_3\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of a- \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ea-\u003c/a\u003e (1), + \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eforan\u003c/span\u003e (adv.) \"in front,\" dative of \u003ca href=\"/word/for\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of for \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003efor\u003c/a\u003e. In some cases probably it represents Old English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eætforan\u003c/span\u003e \"at-fore.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAttested from early 14c. as a preposition, \"before in time,\" and as a conjunction, \"earlier than the time when, before.\" Once the literary equivalent of \u003ca href=\"/word/before\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of before \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ebefore\u003c/a\u003e, it now has been replaced by that word except in nautical use, colloquial dialects, and in combinations such as \u003ca href=\"/word/aforesaid\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of aforesaid \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eaforesaid\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/aforethought\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of aforethought \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eaforethought\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e:[[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$29\"}}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-12 justify-center\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"w-full lg:w-[728px] items-start\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2a\",null,{\"slot\":\"pc_wd_top\",\"className\":\"h-[90px] w-[728px]\",\"isMobile\":false,\"wrapperConfigs\":{\"base\":{\"type\":\"main\",\"closeType\":\"none\",\"labelType\":\"none\"},\"lg\":{\"type\":\"normal\",\"closeType\":\"remove\",\"labelType\":\"none\"}}}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-4 space-y-12 mobile:space-y-8 w-full\",\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-2\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"font-sans text-2xl\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[\"Origin and history of \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"word0\",{\"children\":[\" \",\"before\",\" \"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"hr\",null,{\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider\",\"role\":\"separator\",\"data-orientation\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"bg-white mobile:bg-transparent dark:bg-secondary dark:mobile:bg-transparent rounded-lg lg:shadow-sm pl-6 pr-6 pt-2 pb-6 mobile:p-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"vocabularies\":[{\"doc_id\":\"d47bf0af618a3523a226ed7cada85ce3_ev\",\"domain_id\":8242,\"word\":\"before\",\"toxicity\":1,\"type\":0,\"thumbnail\":false,\"property\":\"(adv., prep.)\",\"etymology\":\"$2c\",\"etymology_plain\":\"Old English beforan \\\"in front of, in former times; in the presence of, in front of in time or position,\\\" from Proto-Germanic *bi- \\\"by\\\" (see by) + *forana \\\"from the front,\\\" adverbial derivative of *fora (from PIE root *per- (1) \\\"forward,\\\" hence \\\"in front of, before\\\"). Compare Old Frisian bifara, Old Saxon biforan, Old High German bifora, German bevor. As a conjunction, \\\"previous to the time when,\\\" from c. 1200. Contrasting before and after in illustrations is from Hogarth (1768). Before the mast in old sailing ship jargon in reference to the life of a common sailor is from the place of their berths, in front of the fore-mast.\",\"first_recorded\":\"\",\"content_length\":632,\"modify_time\":1665136731000}],\"showLabel\":false,\"isMobile\":false,\"insertAds\":true,\"showTranslate\":true}]}]]}],false,[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-1\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h2\",null,{\"className\":\"font-sans text-xl\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[\"Entries linking to \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"word0\",{\"children\":[\" \",\"before\",\" \"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mb-4\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"hr\",null,{\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider 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