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id="toc-Feathers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systematics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systematics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Systematics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Systematics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Systematics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Systematics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fossil_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fossil_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fossil record</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fossil_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_species_listing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_species_listing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Recent species listing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_species_listing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Natural history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Natural_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Natural history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Natural_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Habitat,_distribution_and_migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat,_distribution_and_migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Habitat, distribution and migration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat,_distribution_and_migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feeding_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feeding_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Feeding ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feeding_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breeding_and_reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breeding_and_reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Breeding and reproduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breeding_and_reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parasitology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parasitology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Parasitology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parasitology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grebe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 87 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%89%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%86%D3%80%D1%8D_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8D_%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%80" title="БабыщыпцӀэ теплъэ лъэпкъыр – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="БабыщыпцӀэ теплъэ лъэпкъыр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobbertjies" title="Dobbertjies – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dobbertjies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="غطاسيات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غطاسيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipedidae" title="Podicipedidae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Podicipedidae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayg%C3%BCl%C3%BCl%C9%99r" title="Maygülülər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maygülülər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1" title="مایگولولر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مایگولولر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC" title="গ্রিব – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রিব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipedidae" title="Podicipedidae – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Podicipedidae" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Паганкавыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паганкавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Паганкавыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паганкавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Гмурецови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гмурецови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomer_(evn)" title="Plomer (evn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Plomer (evn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipediformes" title="Podicipediformes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Podicipediformes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamao" title="Gamao – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gamao" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot%C3%A1pkovit%C3%AD" title="Potápkovití – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Potápkovití" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyach" title="Gwyach – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwyach" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lappedykkere" title="Lappedykkere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lappedykkere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buov%C4%8D%C4%8Dat" title="Buovččat – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Buovččat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lappentaucher" title="Lappentaucher – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lappentaucher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naal%CA%BCee%C5%82ii_keel%C3%B3%C3%B3l" title="Naalʼeełii keelóól – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naalʼeełii keelóól" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCtlased" title="Pütlased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pütlased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipedidae" title="Podicipedidae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Podicipedidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greboj" title="Greboj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Greboj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipediformes" title="Podicipediformes – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Podicipediformes" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85" title="کشیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کشیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipedidae" title="Podicipedidae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Podicipedidae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BBkerf%C3%BBgels" title="Dûkerfûgels – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dûkerfûgels" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foitheach" title="Foitheach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Foitheach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicip%C3%A9didos" title="Podicipédidos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Podicipédidos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AC" title="ડુબકી કુટુંબ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ડુબકી કુટુંબ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%BC%EB%B3%91%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%AA%A9" title="논병아리목 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="논병아리목" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սուզակներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուզակներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnjura%C5%A1ice" title="Gnjurašice – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gnjurašice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titihan" title="Titihan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Titihan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%B0a%C3%A6tt" title="Goðaætt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Goðaætt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipedidae" title="Podicipedidae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Podicipedidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="טבלניים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טבלניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მურტალასებრნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მურტალასებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сұқсыр үйректер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сұқсыр үйректер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibisi" title="Kibisi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kibisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naptey_(Podicipedidae)" title="Naptey (Podicipedidae) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Naptey (Podicipedidae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noqavok" title="Noqavok – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Noqavok" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipedidae" title="Podicipedidae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Podicipedidae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%ABkuru_dzimta" title="Dūkuru dzimta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dūkuru dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraginiai" title="Kraginiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kraginiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podisipediformo" title="Podisipediformo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Podisipediformo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uikut" title="Uikut – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Uikut" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6cs%C3%B6kf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Vöcsökfélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vöcsökfélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Нуркачи – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нуркачи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%BF_(%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82)" title="മുങ്ങാങ്കോഴി (കുടുംബം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുങ്ങാങ്കോഴി (കുടുംബം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="غطاسيات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="غطاسيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetimbul" title="Tetimbul – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tetimbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ထန်းစေ့မှုတ်နှင့် အလားတူငှက်များ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ထန်းစေ့မှုတ်နှင့် အလားတူငှက်များ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futen" title="Futen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Futen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E7%A7%91" title="カイツブリ科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カイツブリ科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCkern" title="Dükern – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Dükern" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dykkerfamilien" title="Dykkerfamilien – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dykkerfamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dukkarfamilien" title="Dukkarfamilien – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dukkarfamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ڈبکنی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈبکنی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkozowe" title="Perkozowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Perkozowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipedidae" title="Podicipedidae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Podicipedidae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipediformes" title="Podicipediformes – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Podicipediformes" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Пірникозовы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пірникозовы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Поганковые – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поганковые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grebe" title="Grebe – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Grebe" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grebe" title="Grebe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Grebe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot%C3%A1pkotvar%C3%A9" title="Potápkotvaré – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Potápkotvaré" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponirki" title="Ponirki – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ponirki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%DA%A4%DB%86%DA%A9" title="نوقاڤۆک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نوقاڤۆک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnjurci" title="Gnjurci – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Gnjurci" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnjurci" title="Gnjurci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gnjurci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uikut" title="Uikut – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uikut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppingar" title="Doppingar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Doppingar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipedidae" title="Podicipedidae – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Podicipedidae" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="முக்குளிப்பான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முக்குளிப்பான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Чомга кошлар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чомга кошлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF" title="గ్రీబ్ పక్షి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రీబ్ పక్షి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B5" title="นกเป็ดผี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นกเป็ดผี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bata%C4%9Fan" title="Batağan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batağan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Пірникозові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пірникозові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_Chim_l%E1%BA%B7n" title="Họ Chim lặn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ Chim lặn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%8A%E9%B7%89" title="鸊鷉 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鸊鷉" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipedidae" title="Podicipedidae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Podicipedidae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B4%99%E4%B4%98%E7%A7%91" title="䴙䴘科 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="䴙䴘科" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B7%BF%E9%B7%88" title="鷿鷈 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鷿鷈" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futen" title="Futen – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Futen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%8A%E9%B7%89%E7%A7%91" title="鸊鷉科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鸊鷉科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21695#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the order of birds. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Grebe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Grebe (disambiguation)">Grebe (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Grebes<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Early_Miocene" title="Early Miocene">Early Miocene</a> – <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">23.03–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:212.20523076923px; width:7.7947692307692px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:212.20523076923px; width:7.7947692307692px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:213.20523076923px; width:5.7947692307692px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Great_Crested_Grebe_(Podiceps_cristatus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Great_Crested_Grebe_%28Podiceps_cristatus%29.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Great_Crested_Grebe_%28Podiceps_cristatus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Great_Crested_Grebe_%28Podiceps_cristatus%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Great_Crested_Grebe_%28Podiceps_cristatus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Great_Crested_Grebe_%28Podiceps_cristatus%29.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Great_Crested_Grebe_%28Podiceps_cristatus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="814" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Great_crested_grebe" title="Great crested grebe">Great crested grebe</a> (<i>Podiceps cristatus</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Podicipedidae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neoaves" title="Neoaves">Neoaves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mirandornithes" title="Mirandornithes">Mirandornithes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Podicipediformes</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Max_F%C3%BCrbringer" title="Max Fürbringer">Fürbringer</a>, 1888</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Podicipedidae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lucien_Jules_Laurent_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a>, 1831</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_genus" title="Type genus">Type genus</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps" title="Podiceps">Podiceps</a></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subclades </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Podilymbini" title="Podilymbini">Podilymbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podicipedini" title="Podicipedini">Podicipedini</a></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Miobaptus" title="Miobaptus">Miobaptus</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Miodytes" title="Miodytes">Miodytes</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Pliolymbus" title="Pliolymbus">Pliolymbus</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Thiornis" title="Thiornis">Thiornis</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Grebes</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>) are aquatic diving birds in the <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> <b>Podicipediformes</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-The_Birds_Around_Us_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Birds_Around_Us-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grebes are widely distributed <a href="/wiki/Freshwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater">freshwater</a> birds, with some species also found in <a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">marine</a> habitats during <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migration</a> and winter. Most grebes fly, although some flightless species exist, most notably in stable lakes. The order contains a single <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a>, the <b>Podicipedidae</b>, which includes 22 <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> in six extant <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a>. </p><p>Although, superficially, they resemble other diving birds such as <a href="/wiki/Loon" title="Loon">loons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coot" title="Coot">coots</a>, they are most closely related to <a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">flamingos</a>, as supported by <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphological</a>, molecular and <a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">paleontological</a> data. Many species are <a href="/wiki/Monogamy_in_animals" title="Monogamy in animals">monogamous</a> and are known for their courtship displays, with the pair performing synchronized dances across the water's surface. The birds build floating vegetative nests where they lay several eggs. About a third of the world's grebes are listed at various levels of conservation concerns—the biggest threats including habitat loss, the introduction of invasive predatory fish and human <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a>. As such, three species have gone extinct. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "grebe" comes from the French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">grèbe</i></span>, which is of unknown origin and dating to 1766. It is possibly from the Breton "krib" meaning 'comb', this referring to the crests of many of the European species. However, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">grèbe</i></span> was used to refer to gulls. The appearance of "grebe" in the English language was introduced in 1768 by the Welsh naturalist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pennant" title="Thomas Pennant">Thomas Pennant</a> when he adopted the word for the family. Some of the smaller species are often referred to as "dabchick", which originated in the mid 16th century English as they were said to be chick-like birds that dive. The clade names "Podicipediformes" and "Podicipedidae" is based on the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps" title="Podiceps">Podiceps</a></i> which is a combination of Latin of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">podex</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case#Latin" title="Genitive case">gen.</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">podicis</i></span> ("rear-end" or "anus") and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">pes</i></span> ("foot"), a reference to the placement of a grebe's legs towards the rear of its body.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogilvie2002_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogilvie2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Field_characteristics">Field characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Field characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:507px;max-width:507px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:216px;max-width:216px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:191px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diving_grebe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Diving_grebe.jpg/214px-Diving_grebe.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Diving_grebe.jpg/321px-Diving_grebe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Diving_grebe.jpg/428px-Diving_grebe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1354" data-file-height="1208" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A diving grebe showing how the hindlimbs are propelling the bird underwater</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:287px;max-width:287px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:191px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zampull%C3%ADn_a_la_carrera_-_Cabusset_a_la_carrera_-_Little_grebe_running_on_water_-_Tachybaptus_ruficollis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Zampull%C3%ADn_a_la_carrera_-_Cabusset_a_la_carrera_-_Little_grebe_running_on_water_-_Tachybaptus_ruficollis.jpg/285px-Zampull%C3%ADn_a_la_carrera_-_Cabusset_a_la_carrera_-_Little_grebe_running_on_water_-_Tachybaptus_ruficollis.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Zampull%C3%ADn_a_la_carrera_-_Cabusset_a_la_carrera_-_Little_grebe_running_on_water_-_Tachybaptus_ruficollis.jpg/428px-Zampull%C3%ADn_a_la_carrera_-_Cabusset_a_la_carrera_-_Little_grebe_running_on_water_-_Tachybaptus_ruficollis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Zampull%C3%ADn_a_la_carrera_-_Cabusset_a_la_carrera_-_Little_grebe_running_on_water_-_Tachybaptus_ruficollis.jpg/570px-Zampull%C3%ADn_a_la_carrera_-_Cabusset_a_la_carrera_-_Little_grebe_running_on_water_-_Tachybaptus_ruficollis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="989" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A <a href="/wiki/Little_grebe" title="Little grebe">little grebe</a> (<i>Tachybaptus ruficollis</i>) running along the surface of the water as it flaps its wings in order to get the lift it needs to fly</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Grebes are small to medium-large in size ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Least_grebe" title="Least grebe">least grebe</a> (<i>Tachybaptus dominicus</i>), at 120 g (4.2 oz) and 23.5 cm (9.3 in), to the <a href="/wiki/Great_grebe" title="Great grebe">great grebe</a> (<i>Podiceps major</i>), at 1.7 kg (3.7 lb) and 71 cm (28 in). Despite these size differences grebes are a homogenous family of waterbirds with very few or slight differences among the genera.<sup id="cite_ref-Winkleretal2020_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winkleretal2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anatomy_and_physiology">Anatomy and physiology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Anatomy and physiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Podiceps_griseigena_238.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Podiceps_griseigena_238.jpg/220px-Podiceps_griseigena_238.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Podiceps_griseigena_238.jpg/330px-Podiceps_griseigena_238.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Podiceps_griseigena_238.jpg/440px-Podiceps_griseigena_238.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4671" data-file-height="6552" /></a><figcaption>A skeleton of a <a href="/wiki/Red-necked_grebe" title="Red-necked grebe">red-necked grebe</a> (<i>Podiceps grisegena</i>). Note that the pelvic girdle is bigger than the sternum.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the surface of the water they swim low with just the head and neck exposed. All species have lobed toes, and are excellent swimmers and divers. The feet are always large, with broad lobes on the toes and small webs connecting the front three toes. The hind toe also has a small lobe as well. The claws are similar to nails and are flat. These lobate feet act as an oar, as when moving forward they provide minimum resistance and moving backwards they provide a coverage of maximum surface. </p><p>The leg bones (<a href="/wiki/Femur" title="Femur">femur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarsometatarsus" title="Tarsometatarsus">tarsometatarsus</a>) are equal in length, with the femur having a large head and the presence of long cnemial crests in the tarsometatarsus. The patella is separate and supports the tarsometatarsus posteriorly which greatly helps with the contraction in the muscles. They swim by simultaneously spreading out the feet and bringing them inward, with the webbing expanded to produce the forward thrust in much the same way as frogs. However, due to the anatomy of the legs, grebes are not as mobile on land as they are on the water. Although they can run for a short distance, they are prone to falling over, since they have their feet placed far back on the body.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Johnsgard1987_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnsgard1987-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EoB_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ogilvie2002_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogilvie2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fjeldså2004_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fjeldså2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The wing shape varies depending on the species, ranging from moderately long to incredibly short and rounded in shape. The wing anatomy in grebes has a relatively short and thin <a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpus" title="Carpometacarpus">carpometacarpus</a>-<a href="/wiki/Phalanges" class="mw-redirect" title="Phalanges">phalanges</a> component which supports their primary feathers, while the <a href="/wiki/Ulna" title="Ulna">ulna</a> is long and fairly weak, supporting secondary feathers. There are 11 primaries and 17 to 22 secondaries, with the inner secondaries being longer than the primaries. As such grebes are generally not strong or rapid fliers. Some species are reluctant to fly. Indeed, two South American species are completely flightless. Since grebes generally dive more than fly, the sternum can be as small or even smaller than the pelvic girdle. When they do fly, they often launch themselves off from the water and must run along the surface as they flap their wings to provide a lift.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnsgard1987_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnsgard1987-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bills vary from short and thick to long and pointed depending on the diet, and are slightly larger in males than in females (though the sizes can overlap between younger males and females).<sup id="cite_ref-Ogilvie2002_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogilvie2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feathers">Feathers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Feathers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:621px;max-width:621px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:188px;max-width:188px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:154px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Crested_Grebe_chick,_Earlswood_Lakes,_Surrey_(3522706435).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Great_Crested_Grebe_chick%2C_Earlswood_Lakes%2C_Surrey_%283522706435%29.jpg/186px-Great_Crested_Grebe_chick%2C_Earlswood_Lakes%2C_Surrey_%283522706435%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Great_Crested_Grebe_chick%2C_Earlswood_Lakes%2C_Surrey_%283522706435%29.jpg/279px-Great_Crested_Grebe_chick%2C_Earlswood_Lakes%2C_Surrey_%283522706435%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Great_Crested_Grebe_chick%2C_Earlswood_Lakes%2C_Surrey_%283522706435%29.jpg/372px-Great_Crested_Grebe_chick%2C_Earlswood_Lakes%2C_Surrey_%283522706435%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2249" data-file-height="1860" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A <a href="/wiki/Great_crested_grebe" title="Great crested grebe">great crested grebe</a> (<i>Podiceps cristatus</i>) chick with its downy feathers and striped head</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:154px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016.10.30.-02-Wagbachniederung_Oberhausen-Rheinhausen--Haubentaucher.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/2016.10.30.-02-Wagbachniederung_Oberhausen-Rheinhausen--Haubentaucher.jpg/210px-2016.10.30.-02-Wagbachniederung_Oberhausen-Rheinhausen--Haubentaucher.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/2016.10.30.-02-Wagbachniederung_Oberhausen-Rheinhausen--Haubentaucher.jpg/315px-2016.10.30.-02-Wagbachniederung_Oberhausen-Rheinhausen--Haubentaucher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/2016.10.30.-02-Wagbachniederung_Oberhausen-Rheinhausen--Haubentaucher.jpg/420px-2016.10.30.-02-Wagbachniederung_Oberhausen-Rheinhausen--Haubentaucher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2511" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A great crested grebe in nonbreeding or winter plumage</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:215px;max-width:215px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:154px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_6013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_6013.jpg/213px-%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_6013.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_6013.jpg/320px-%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_6013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_6013.jpg/426px-%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_6013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5336" data-file-height="3858" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A pair of great crested grebe in breeding plumage as they perform a courtship ritual</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Grebes have unusual <a href="/wiki/Feather" title="Feather">plumage</a>. On average grebes have 20,000 feathers, the highest among birds. The feathers are very dense and strongly curved. In the larger species feathers are more dense but shorter, while the opposite is true in smaller species where the feathers are longer but less dense. </p><p>The density and length of feathers is correlated exponentially with heat-loss in cold water. For this reason grebes invest plumage maintenance the most in birds in terms of duration of time and energy. The <a href="/wiki/Uropygial_gland" title="Uropygial gland">uropygial glands</a> secrete a high concentration of paraffin. The secretion provides a dual purpose of protecting the feathers from external parasites and fungi, as well as waterproofing them.<sup id="cite_ref-Fjeldså2004_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fjeldså2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33–36">: 33–36 </span></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Preening" title="Preening">preening</a>, grebes eat their own feathers and feed them to their young. The function of this behaviour is uncertain, but it is believed to assist with <a href="/wiki/Pellet_(ornithology)" title="Pellet (ornithology)">pellet</a> formation, excreting out internal parasites and protecting their insides from sharp bone material during digestion.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ventral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral">ventral</a> plumage is the most dense, described as very fur-like. By pressing their feathers against the body, grebes can adjust their <a href="/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">buoyancy</a>. In the nonbreeding season, grebes are plain-coloured in dark browns and whites. However, most have ornate and distinctive breeding plumages, often developing chestnut markings on the head area, and perform elaborate display rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-EoB_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young, particularly those of the genus <i>Podiceps</i>, are often striped and retain some of their juvenile plumage even after reaching full size.<sup id="cite_ref-Fjeldså2004_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fjeldså2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 36–39">: 36–39 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematics">Systematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Systematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenicopterus_ruber_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Zoo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Phoenicopterus_ruber_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Zoo.jpg/220px-Phoenicopterus_ruber_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Zoo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Phoenicopterus_ruber_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Zoo.jpg/330px-Phoenicopterus_ruber_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Zoo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Phoenicopterus_ruber_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Zoo.jpg/440px-Phoenicopterus_ruber_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Zoo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4025" data-file-height="2673" /></a><figcaption>Many molecular and morphological studies support a relationship between grebes and <a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">flamingos</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The grebes are a radically distinct group of birds as regards their <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a>. Accordingly, they were at first believed to be related to the <a href="/wiki/Loon" title="Loon">loons</a>, which are also foot-propelled diving birds, and both families were once classified together under the order <a href="/wiki/Colymbiformes" title="Colymbiformes">Colymbiformes</a>. However, as early as the 1930s, this was determined to be an example of <a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">convergent evolution</a> caused by the strong <a href="/wiki/Selection_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Selection (biology)">selective</a> forces encountered by unrelated birds sharing the same lifestyle at different times and in different habitat.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grebes and loons are now separately classified orders of Podicipediformes and Gaviiformes, respectively. </p><p>Recent molecular studies have suggested a relation with <a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">flamingos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a finding that has been backed up by morphological evidence. They hold at least eleven morphological traits in common not found in other birds. For example, both flamingoes and grebes lay eggs coated with chalky amorphous calcium phosphate. Many of these characteristics have been previously identified in flamingos, but not in grebes.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the grebe-flamingo <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a> <a href="/wiki/Mirandornithes" title="Mirandornithes">Mirandornithes</a> ("miraculous birds" due to their extreme divergence and <a href="/wiki/Apomorphy_and_synapomorphy" title="Apomorphy and synapomorphy">apomorphies</a>) has been proposed. Alternatively, they could be placed in one order, with Phoenocopteriformes taking priority.<sup id="cite_ref-Gottingen_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gottingen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fossil_record">Fossil record</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fossil record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolet%C3%ADn_de_la_Sociedad_Ib%C3%A9rica_de_Ciencias_Naturales_(1921)_(19765729204).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bolet%C3%ADn_de_la_Sociedad_Ib%C3%A9rica_de_Ciencias_Naturales_%281921%29_%2819765729204%29.jpg/220px-Bolet%C3%ADn_de_la_Sociedad_Ib%C3%A9rica_de_Ciencias_Naturales_%281921%29_%2819765729204%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bolet%C3%ADn_de_la_Sociedad_Ib%C3%A9rica_de_Ciencias_Naturales_%281921%29_%2819765729204%29.jpg/330px-Bolet%C3%ADn_de_la_Sociedad_Ib%C3%A9rica_de_Ciencias_Naturales_%281921%29_%2819765729204%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bolet%C3%ADn_de_la_Sociedad_Ib%C3%A9rica_de_Ciencias_Naturales_%281921%29_%2819765729204%29.jpg/440px-Bolet%C3%ADn_de_la_Sociedad_Ib%C3%A9rica_de_Ciencias_Naturales_%281921%29_%2819765729204%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2452" data-file-height="3082" /></a><figcaption>Reconstructed skeleton of fossil slab of <i><a href="/wiki/Thiornis" title="Thiornis">Thiornis</a> sociata</i>, an early grebe</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fossil_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil record">fossil record</a> of grebes is incomplete as there are no transitional forms between more conventional birds and grebes known from fossils. The enigmatic waterbird <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Juncitarsus" title="Juncitarsus">Juncitarsus</a></i>, however, may be close to a common ancestor of flamingos and grebes. The extinct stem-flamingo family <a href="/wiki/Palaelodidae" title="Palaelodidae">Palaelodidae</a> have been suggested to be the transitional linkage between the filter-feeding flamingos and the foot-propelled diving grebes. The evidence for this comes from the overall similarity between the foot and limb structure of grebes and palaeloids, suggesting the latter family of waterbirds were able to swim and dive better than flamingos. Some early grebes share similar characteristics to the coracoid and humerus seen in palaeloids.<sup id="cite_ref-Gottingen_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gottingen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mayr2009_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayr2009-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 105–109">: 105–109 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zelenkov2015_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zelenkov2015-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>True grebes suddenly appear in the fossil record in the Late <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a> or Early <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>, around 23–25 <a href="/wiki/Mya_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mya (unit)">mya</a>. There are a few prehistoric genera that are now completely extinct. <i><a href="/wiki/Thiornis" title="Thiornis">Thiornis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-AnnPal86_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnnPal86-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Pliolymbus" title="Pliolymbus">Pliolymbus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Murray67_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murray67-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> date from a time when most if not all extant genera were already present.<sup id="cite_ref-AnnPal86_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnnPal86-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because grebes are evolutionarily isolated and they only started to appear in the Northern Hemisphere fossil record in the Early Miocene, they are likely to have originated in the Southern Hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-Mlíkovský2010_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mlíkovský2010-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Aechmophorus" title="Aechmophorus">Aechmophorus</a></i> <small>Coues, 1862</small> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Aechmophorus_elasson" title="Aechmophorus elasson">Aechmophorus elasson</a></i> <small>Murray, 1967</small> (<a href="/wiki/Piacenzian" title="Piacenzian">Piacenzian</a> stage of western United States)</li></ul></li> <li>Genus †<i><a href="/wiki/Miobaptus" title="Miobaptus">Miobaptus</a></i> <small>Švec, 1982</small> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Miobaptus" title="Miobaptus">Miobaptus huzhiricus</a></i> <small>Zelenkov, 2015</small> (<a href="/wiki/Burdigalian" title="Burdigalian">Burdigalian</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Langhian" title="Langhian">Langhian</a> ages of East Siberia)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Miobaptus" title="Miobaptus">Miobaptus walteri</a></i> <small>Švec, 1982</small> [<i>Podiceps walteri</i> <small>(Švec, 1984) Mlíkovský, 2000</small>] (<a href="/wiki/Aquitanian_(stage)" title="Aquitanian (stage)">Aquitanian</a> age of Europe)</li></ul></li> <li>Genus †<i><a href="/wiki/Miodytes" title="Miodytes">Miodytes</a></i> <small>Dimitreijevich, Gál & Kessler, 2002</small> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Miodytes" title="Miodytes">Miodytes serbicus</a></i> <small>Dimitreijevich, Gál & Kessler, 2002</small> (Langhian age of Serbia)</li></ul></li> <li>Genus †<i><a href="/wiki/Pliolymbus" title="Pliolymbus">Pliolymbus</a></i> <small>Murray, 1967</small> [<i>Piliolymbus</i> (sic)] <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Pliolymbus" title="Pliolymbus">Pliolymbus baryosteus</a></i> <small>Murray, 1967</small> (Piacenzian to the <a href="/wiki/Gelasian" title="Gelasian">Gelasian</a> stages of western United States and Mexico)</li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps" title="Podiceps">Podiceps</a></i> <small>Latham 1787</small> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps_arndti" title="Podiceps arndti">Podiceps arndti</a></i> <small>Chandler, 1990</small> (Piacenzian stage of North America)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps_csarnotanus" title="Podiceps csarnotanus">Podiceps csarnotanus</a></i> <small>Kessler, 2009</small> (Piacenzian stage of Europe)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps_discors" title="Podiceps discors">Podiceps discors</a></i> <small>Murray, 1967</small> (Piacenzian stage of North America)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps_dixi" title="Podiceps dixi">Podiceps dixi</a></i> <small>Brodkorp, 1963</small> (<a href="/wiki/Chibanian" title="Chibanian">Chibanian</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Late_Pleistocene" title="Late Pleistocene">Tarantian</a> stages of Florida, United States)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps_howardae" title="Podiceps howardae">Podiceps howardae</a></i> <small>Storer, 2001</small> (<a href="/wiki/Zanclean" title="Zanclean">Zanclean</a> age of North Carolina, United States)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps_miocenicus" title="Podiceps miocenicus">Podiceps miocenicus</a></i> <small>Kessler, 1984</small> (<a href="/wiki/Tortonian" title="Tortonian">Tortonian</a> age of Moldova)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps_oligoceanus" title="Podiceps oligoceanus">Podiceps oligoceanus</a></i> <small>(Shufeldt, 1915)</small> (Aquitanian age of North America)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podiceps_parvus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podiceps parvus (page does not exist)">Podiceps parvus</a></i> <small>(Shufeldt, 1913)</small> (Gelasian to the <a href="/wiki/Calabrian_(stage)" title="Calabrian (stage)">Calabrian</a> stages of North America)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podiceps_pisanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podiceps pisanus (page does not exist)">Podiceps pisanus</a></i> <small>(Portis, 1888)</small> (Piacenzian stage of Italy)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps_solidus" title="Podiceps solidus">Podiceps solidus</a></i> <small>Kuročkin, 1985</small> (Zanclean age of Western Mongolia)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podiceps_subparvus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podiceps subparvus (page does not exist)">Podiceps subparvus</a></i> <small>(Miller & Bowman, 1958)</small></li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Podilymbus" title="Podilymbus">Podilymbus</a></i> <small>Lesson 1831</small> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Podilymbus_majusculus" title="Podilymbus majusculus">Podilymbus majusculus</a></i> <small>Murray 1967</small> (Piacenzian stage of Idaho, United States)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Podilymbus_wetmorei" title="Podilymbus wetmorei">Podilymbus wetmorei</a></i> <small>Storer 1976</small> (Chibanian to the Tarantian stages of Florida, United States)</li></ul></li> <li>Genus †<i><a href="/wiki/Thiornis" title="Thiornis">Thiornis</a></i> <small>Navás, 1922</small> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Thiornis" title="Thiornis">Thiornis sociata</a></i> <small>Navás, 1922</small> [<i>Podiceps sociatus</i> <small>(Navás, 1922) Olson, 1995</small>] (Tortonian age of Spain)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>A few more recent grebe fossils could not be assigned to modern or prehistoric genera: </p> <ul><li>Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (San Diego Late Pliocene of California) – formerly included in <i>Podiceps parvus</i><sup id="cite_ref-Murray67_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murray67-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. UMMP 49592, 52261, 51848, 52276, KUVP 4484 (Late Pliocene of WC USA)<sup id="cite_ref-Jehl67_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jehl67-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (Glenns Ferry Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Idaho, USA)<sup id="cite_ref-Jehl67_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jehl67-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To date there is no complete phylogeny of grebes based on molecular work. However, there are comprehensive morphological works from Bochenski (1994),<sup id="cite_ref-Bochenski1994_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bochenski1994-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fjeldså (2004)<sup id="cite_ref-Fjeldså2004_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fjeldså2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ksepka <i>et al.</i> (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-Ksepkaetal2013_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ksepkaetal2013-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that have been done on the grebe genera. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><b>Bochenski (1994)</b><sup id="cite_ref-Bochenski1994_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bochenski1994-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Podicipedidae</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Podilymbus" title="Podilymbus">Podilymbus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Poliocephalus_(bird)" title="Poliocephalus (bird)">Poliocephalus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Least_grebe" title="Least grebe">Tachybaptus dominicus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Australasian_grebe" title="Australasian grebe">Tachybaptus novaehollandiae</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Little_grebe" title="Little grebe">Tachybaptus ruficollis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Rollandia_(bird)" title="Rollandia (bird)">Rollandia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps" title="Podiceps">Podiceps</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Great_grebe" title="Great grebe">Podicephorus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Aechmophorus" title="Aechmophorus">Aechmophorus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><b>Fjeldså (2004)</b><sup id="cite_ref-Fjeldså2004_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fjeldså2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Podicipedidae</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Rollandia_(bird)" title="Rollandia (bird)">Rollandia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tachybaptus" title="Tachybaptus">Tachybaptus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Podilymbus" title="Podilymbus">Podilymbus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Poliocephalus_(bird)" title="Poliocephalus (bird)">Poliocephalus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Great_grebe" title="Great grebe">Podicephorus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Aechmophorus" title="Aechmophorus">Aechmophorus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps" title="Podiceps">Podiceps</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><b>Ksepka <i>et al.</i> (2013)</b><sup id="cite_ref-Ksepkaetal2013_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ksepkaetal2013-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Podicipedidae</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Least_grebe" title="Least grebe">Dominicus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Ksepka&Kammerer2013_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ksepka&Kammerer2013-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tachybaptus" title="Tachybaptus">Tachybaptus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Poliocephalus_(bird)" title="Poliocephalus (bird)">Poliocephalus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Rollandia_(bird)" title="Rollandia (bird)">Rollandia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Podilymbus" title="Podilymbus">Podilymbus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Black-necked_grebe" title="Black-necked grebe">Podiceps nigricollis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Silvery_grebe" title="Silvery grebe">Podiceps occipitalis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Horned_grebe" title="Horned grebe">Podiceps auritus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Great_crested_grebe" title="Great crested grebe">Podiceps cristatus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Red-necked_grebe" title="Red-necked grebe">Podiceps grisegena</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Great_grebe" title="Great grebe">Podiceps major</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Aechmophorus" title="Aechmophorus">Aechmophorus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_species_listing">Recent species listing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Recent species listing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image</th> <th>Genus</th> <th>Living and recently extinct species </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Podilymbus-podiceps-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Podilymbus-podiceps-001.jpg/175px-Podilymbus-podiceps-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Podilymbus-podiceps-001.jpg/263px-Podilymbus-podiceps-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Podilymbus-podiceps-001.jpg/350px-Podilymbus-podiceps-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Podilymbus" title="Podilymbus">Podilymbus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lesson 1831</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pied-billed_grebe" title="Pied-billed grebe">Pied-billed grebe</a> <i>Podilymbus podiceps</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small> <ul><li><i>P. p. podiceps</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small> (northern pied-billed grebe)</li> <li><i>P. p. antarcticus</i> <small>(Lesson 1842)</small> (southern pied-billed grebe)</li> <li><i>P. p. antillarum</i> <small>Bangs 1913</small> (Antillean pied-billed grebe)</li></ul></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Atitl%C3%A1n_grebe" title="Atitlán grebe">Atitlán grebe</a> <i>Podilymbus gigas</i> <small>Griscom 1929</small> (<a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> 1989)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Little_Grebe_(Tachybaptus_ruficollis)-_Breeding_plumage_W2_IMG_8770.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Little_Grebe_%28Tachybaptus_ruficollis%29-_Breeding_plumage_W2_IMG_8770.jpg/175px-Little_Grebe_%28Tachybaptus_ruficollis%29-_Breeding_plumage_W2_IMG_8770.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Little_Grebe_%28Tachybaptus_ruficollis%29-_Breeding_plumage_W2_IMG_8770.jpg/263px-Little_Grebe_%28Tachybaptus_ruficollis%29-_Breeding_plumage_W2_IMG_8770.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Little_Grebe_%28Tachybaptus_ruficollis%29-_Breeding_plumage_W2_IMG_8770.jpg/350px-Little_Grebe_%28Tachybaptus_ruficollis%29-_Breeding_plumage_W2_IMG_8770.jpg 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Tachybaptus" title="Tachybaptus">Tachybaptus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Reichenbach 1853</span> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Least_grebe" title="Least grebe">Least grebe</a> <i>Tachybaptus dominicus</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1766)</small> <ul><li><i>T. d. dominicus</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1766)</small> (West Indian grebe)</li> <li><i>T. d. bangsi</i> <small>(van Rossem & Hachisuka 1937)</small> (Bangs's grebe)</li> <li><i>T. d. brachypterus</i> <small>(Chapman 1899)</small> (Mexican least grebe)</li> <li><i>T. d. brachyrhynchus</i> <small>(Chapman 1899)</small> (short-billed grebe)</li> <li><i>T. d. eisenmanni</i> <small>Storer & Getty 1985</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_grebe" title="Little grebe">Little grebe</a> <i>Tachybaptus ruficollis</i> <small>(Pallas 1764)</small> <ul><li><i>T. r. ruficollis</i> <small>(Pallas 1764)</small> (European little grebe)</li> <li><i>T. r. albescens</i> <small>(Blanford 1877)</small> (Indian little grebe)</li> <li><i>T. r. capensis</i> <small>(Salvadori 1884)</small> (African little grebe)</li> <li><i>T. r. cotabato</i> <small>(Rand 1948)</small> (Mindanao little grebe)</li> <li><i>T. r. iraquensis</i> <small>(Ticehurst 1923)</small> (Iraq little grebe)</li> <li><i>T. r. poggei</i> <small>(Reichenow 1902)</small></li> <li><i>T. r. philippensis</i> <small>(Bonnaterre 1790)</small> (Philippine little grebe)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australasian_grebe" title="Australasian grebe">Australasian grebe</a> <i>Tachybaptus novaehollandiae</i> <small>(Stephens 1826)</small> <ul><li><i>T. n. novaehollandiae</i> <small>(Stephens 1826)</small> (Australian little grebe)</li> <li><i>T. n. fumosus</i> <small>(Mayr 1943)</small></li> <li><i>T. n. incola</i> <small>(Mayr 1943)</small></li> <li><i>T. n. javanicus</i> <small>(Mayr 1943)</small></li> <li><i>T. n. leucosternos</i> <small>(Mayr 1931)</small></li> <li><i>T. n. rennellianus</i> <small>(Mayr 1943)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_grebe" title="Madagascar grebe">Madagascar grebe</a> <i>Tachybaptus pelzelnii</i> <small>(Hartlaub 1861)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricolored_grebe" title="Tricolored grebe">Tricolored grebe</a> <i>Tachybaptus tricolor</i> <small>(Gray 1861)</small> <ul><li><i>T. t. tricolor</i> <small>(Gray 1861)</small></li> <li><i>T. t. collaris</i> <small>(Mayr 1945)</small></li> <li><i>T. t. vulcanorum</i> <small>(Rensch 1929)</small></li></ul></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Alaotra_grebe" title="Alaotra grebe">Alaotra grebe</a> <i>Tachybaptus rufolavatus</i> <small>(Delacour 1932)</small> (extinct 2010)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poliocephalus_poliocephalus_RB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Poliocephalus_poliocephalus_RB.jpg/175px-Poliocephalus_poliocephalus_RB.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Poliocephalus_poliocephalus_RB.jpg/263px-Poliocephalus_poliocephalus_RB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Poliocephalus_poliocephalus_RB.jpg/350px-Poliocephalus_poliocephalus_RB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Poliocephalus_(bird)" title="Poliocephalus (bird)">Poliocephalus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Selby, 1840</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoary-headed_grebe" title="Hoary-headed grebe">Hoary-headed grebe</a> <i>Poliocephalus poliocephalus</i> <small>(Jardine & Selby 1827)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_grebe" title="New Zealand grebe">New Zealand grebe</a> <i>Poliocephalus rufopectus</i> <small>(Gray 1843)</small></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:101_-_CLARK%27S_GREBE_(5-18-08)_santa_margarita_lake,_sloco,_ca_(2)_(8722134244).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/101_-_CLARK%27S_GREBE_%285-18-08%29_santa_margarita_lake%2C_sloco%2C_ca_%282%29_%288722134244%29.jpg/175px-101_-_CLARK%27S_GREBE_%285-18-08%29_santa_margarita_lake%2C_sloco%2C_ca_%282%29_%288722134244%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/101_-_CLARK%27S_GREBE_%285-18-08%29_santa_margarita_lake%2C_sloco%2C_ca_%282%29_%288722134244%29.jpg/263px-101_-_CLARK%27S_GREBE_%285-18-08%29_santa_margarita_lake%2C_sloco%2C_ca_%282%29_%288722134244%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/101_-_CLARK%27S_GREBE_%285-18-08%29_santa_margarita_lake%2C_sloco%2C_ca_%282%29_%288722134244%29.jpg/350px-101_-_CLARK%27S_GREBE_%285-18-08%29_santa_margarita_lake%2C_sloco%2C_ca_%282%29_%288722134244%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3291" data-file-height="2370" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Aechmophorus" title="Aechmophorus">Aechmophorus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Coues, 1862</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_grebe" title="Western grebe">Western grebe</a> <i>Aechmophorus occidentalis</i> <small>(Lawrence 1858)</small> <ul><li><i>A. o. occidentalis</i> <small>(Lawrence 1858)</small></li> <li><i>A. o. ephemeralis</i> <small>Dickerman 1986</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark%27s_grebe" title="Clark's grebe">Clark's grebe</a> <i>Aechmophorus clarkii</i> <small>(Lawrence 1858)</small> <ul><li><i>A. c. clarkii</i> <small>(Lawrence 1858)</small></li> <li><i>A. c. transitionalis</i> <small>Dickerman 1986</small></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Crested_Grebe_(Podiceps_cristatus)_(14).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Great_Crested_Grebe_%28Podiceps_cristatus%29_%2814%29.JPG/175px-Great_Crested_Grebe_%28Podiceps_cristatus%29_%2814%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Great_Crested_Grebe_%28Podiceps_cristatus%29_%2814%29.JPG/263px-Great_Crested_Grebe_%28Podiceps_cristatus%29_%2814%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Great_Crested_Grebe_%28Podiceps_cristatus%29_%2814%29.JPG/350px-Great_Crested_Grebe_%28Podiceps_cristatus%29_%2814%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps" title="Podiceps">Podiceps</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Latham 1787</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horned_grebe" title="Horned grebe">Horned grebe</a> or Slavonian grebe, <i>Podiceps auritus</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small> <ul><li><i>P. a. auritus</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small> (Slavonian grebe)</li> <li><i>P. a. cornutus</i> <small>(Gmelin 1789)</small> (horned grebe)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_crested_grebe" title="Great crested grebe">Great crested grebe</a> <i>Podiceps cristatus</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small> <ul><li><i>P. c. cristatus</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small> (Eurasian great crested grebe)</li> <li><i>P. c. australis</i> <small>Gould 1844</small> (Australasian great crested grebe)</li> <li><i>P. c. infuscatus</i> <small>Salvadori 1884</small> (African great crested grebe)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_grebe" title="Hooded grebe">Hooded grebe</a> <i>Podiceps gallardoi</i> <small>Rumboll 1974</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-necked_grebe" title="Red-necked grebe">Red-necked grebe</a> <i>Podiceps grisegena</i> <small>(Boddaert 1783)</small> <ul><li><i>P. g. grisegena</i> <small>(Boddaert 1783)</small> (European red-necked grebe)</li> <li><i>P. g. holbollii</i> <small>Reinhardt 1853</small> (Holbøll's grebe)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_grebe" title="Great grebe">Great grebe</a> <i>Podiceps major</i> <small>(Boddaert 1783) Bochenski 1994</small> <ul><li><i>P. m. major</i> <small>(Boddaert 1783)</small></li> <li><i>P. m. navasi</i> <small>Manghi 1984</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-necked_grebe" title="Black-necked grebe">Black-necked grebe</a> or eared grebe <i>Podiceps nigricollis</i> <small>Brehm 1831</small> <ul><li><i>P. n. nigricollis</i> <small>Brehm 1831</small> (Eurasian black-necked grebe)</li> <li><i>P. n. gurneyi</i> <small>(Roberts 1919)</small> (African black-necked grebe)</li> <li><i>P. n. californicus</i> <small>(Heermann, 1854)</small> (eared grebe)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvery_grebe" title="Silvery grebe">Silvery grebe</a> <i>Podiceps occipitalis</i> <small>Garnot 1826</small> <ul><li><i>P. o. occipitalis</i> <small>Garnot 1826</small> (southern silvery grebe)</li> <li><i>P. o. juninensis</i> <small>von Berlepsch & Stolzmann 1894</small> (northern silvery grebe)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junin_grebe" title="Junin grebe">Junín grebe</a> <i>Podiceps taczanowskii</i> <small>von Berlepsch & Stolzmann 1894</small></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Colombian_grebe" title="Colombian grebe">Colombian grebe</a> <i>Podiceps andinus</i> <small>(Meyer de Schauensee 1959)</small> (extinct 1977)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rollandia_rolland-swims.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rollandia_rolland-swims.jpg/175px-Rollandia_rolland-swims.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rollandia_rolland-swims.jpg/263px-Rollandia_rolland-swims.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rollandia_rolland-swims.jpg/350px-Rollandia_rolland-swims.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Rollandia_(bird)" title="Rollandia (bird)">Rollandia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Bonaparte, 1856</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titicaca_grebe" title="Titicaca grebe">Titicaca grebe</a> <i>Rollandia microptera</i> <small>Gould 1868</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-tufted_grebe" title="White-tufted grebe">White-tufted grebe</a> <i>Rollandia rolland</i> <small>Quoy & Gaimard 1824</small> <ul><li><i>R. r. rolland</i> <small>Quoy & Gaimard 1824</small> (Falkland white-tufted grebe)</li> <li><i>R. r. chilensis</i> <small>Lesson 1828</small> (Chilean white-tufted grebe)</li> <li><i>R. r. morrisoni</i> <small>Simmons 1962</small> (Junín white-tufted grebe)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_history">Natural history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Natural history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habitat,_distribution_and_migration"><span id="Habitat.2C_distribution_and_migration"></span>Habitat, distribution and migration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Habitat, distribution and migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grebes are a nearly cosmopolitan clade of <a href="/wiki/Waterbirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterbirds">waterbirds</a>, found on every continent except <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>. They are absent from the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a> and arid environments. They have successfully colonized islands such as <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. Some species such as the <a href="/wiki/Eared_grebe" class="mw-redirect" title="Eared grebe">eared grebe</a> (<i>Podiceps nigricollis</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Great_crested_grebe" title="Great crested grebe">great crested grebe</a> (<i>P. cristatus</i>) are found on multiple continents with regional subspecies or populations. A few species like the <a href="/wiki/Junin_grebe" title="Junin grebe">Junin grebe</a> (<i>P. taczanowskii</i>) and the recently extinct <a href="/wiki/Atitl%C3%A1n_grebe" title="Atitlán grebe">Atitlán grebe</a> (<i>Podilymbus gigas</i>) are lake endemics. During the warmer or breeding seasons, many species of grebes in the northern hemisphere reside in a variety of <a href="/wiki/Freshwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater">freshwater</a> habitats like <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshes</a>. Once winter arrives many will migrate to <a href="/wiki/Marine_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine environment">marine environments</a> along the coastlines. Grebes are most prevalent in the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> with almost half of the world's species native there.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harrisonetal2021_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrisonetal2021-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feeding_ecology">Feeding ecology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Feeding ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:622px;max-width:622px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:328px;max-width:328px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:205px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PodilymbusPodiceps_6798.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/PodilymbusPodiceps_6798.JPG/326px-PodilymbusPodiceps_6798.JPG" decoding="async" width="326" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/PodilymbusPodiceps_6798.JPG/489px-PodilymbusPodiceps_6798.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/PodilymbusPodiceps_6798.JPG/652px-PodilymbusPodiceps_6798.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2051" data-file-height="1294" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Pied-billed_grebe" title="Pied-billed grebe">pied-billed grebe</a> (<i>Podilymbus podiceps</i>) is a small species of grebe that mostly hunts aquatic invertebrates. Here a parent feeds its chicks a crayfish.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:205px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinner_is_Served_(29844986194).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dinner_is_Served_%2829844986194%29.jpg/288px-Dinner_is_Served_%2829844986194%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dinner_is_Served_%2829844986194%29.jpg/432px-Dinner_is_Served_%2829844986194%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dinner_is_Served_%2829844986194%29.jpg/576px-Dinner_is_Served_%2829844986194%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2638" data-file-height="1884" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Clark%27s_grebe" title="Clark's grebe">Clark's grebe</a> (<i>Aechmophorus clarkii</i>) is a large species of grebe that mostly hunts fish. Here a parent feeds its chick.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The feeding ecology of grebes is diverse. Larger species such as those in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Aechmophorus" title="Aechmophorus">Aechmophorus</a></i> have spear-like bills to catch mid-depth fish while smaller species such as those in the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Tachybaptus" title="Tachybaptus">Tachybaptus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Podilymbus" title="Podilymbus">Podilymbus</a></i> tend to be short and stout with a preference for catching small aquatic invertebrates. The majority of grebes predate on aquatic invertebrates, with only a handful of large-bodied <a href="/wiki/Piscivore" title="Piscivore">piscivores</a>. The aforementioned <i>Aechmophorus</i> is the most piscivorous of the grebes. Closely related species that overlap in their range often avoid interspecific competition by having prey preferences and adaptations for it. In areas where there is just as a single species, they tend to have more generalized bills with more openness to different prey sources.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnsgard1987_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnsgard1987-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40–41">: 40–41 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breeding_and_reproduction">Breeding and reproduction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Breeding and reproduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grebes are perhaps best known for their elaborate courtship displays. Most species perform a duet together and many have their own synchronized rituals. Some, like those species in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Podiceps" title="Podiceps">Podiceps</a></i> do a "penguin dance" where the male and female stand upright, breast posturing out and run along the water's surface. A similar ritual in other species is the "weed dance" in which both partners hold pieces of aquatic vegetation in their bills and are positioned upright towards each other. There is also the "weed rush" in which partners swim towards each other, necks stretched out with weeds in their bill, and just before colliding position themselves upright and then swim in parallel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the smaller and basal genera like <i>Tachybaptus</i> and <i>Podilymbus,</i> there is incorporation of aquatic vegetation in their courtship, but it is not as elaborate as the more derived and larger species. It has been hypothesized that such courtship displays between mates originated from intraspecific aggression that evolved in a way that strengthened pair bonds. Once these courtship rituals are completed, both partners solicit copulation towards each other and mount on floating platforms of vegetation. Females lay two to seven eggs and incubation can last nearly a month. Chicks of the nest hatch asynchronously. Once the whole nest has hatched, the chicks begin to climb on one of their parent's backs. Both parents take care of rearing their young, and the duration of care is longer than those of other waterfowl. This enables a greater survival rate for the chicks. One parent dives for food, while the other watches the young on the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnsgard1987_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnsgard1987-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ogilvie2002_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogilvie2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 14–16">: 14–16 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fjeldså2004_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fjeldså2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 113–114">: 113–114 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parasitology">Parasitology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Parasitology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theromyzon_(YPM_IZ_058099)_002.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Theromyzon_%28YPM_IZ_058099%29_002.jpeg/220px-Theromyzon_%28YPM_IZ_058099%29_002.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Theromyzon_%28YPM_IZ_058099%29_002.jpeg/330px-Theromyzon_%28YPM_IZ_058099%29_002.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Theromyzon_%28YPM_IZ_058099%29_002.jpeg/440px-Theromyzon_%28YPM_IZ_058099%29_002.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>The leech genus <i><a href="/wiki/Theromyzon" title="Theromyzon">Theromyzon</a></i> is an external parasite that has been found in the nasal cavities of grebes.</figcaption></figure> <p>249 species of <a href="/wiki/Parasitic_worm" title="Parasitic worm">parasitic worms</a> have been known to parasitize the intestinal region of grebes. The <a href="/wiki/Amabiliidae" title="Amabiliidae">amabiliids</a> are a family of <a href="/wiki/Cyclophyllidea" title="Cyclophyllidea">cyclophyllid</a> <a href="/wiki/Cestoda" title="Cestoda">cestodes</a> that are almost all grebe specialists. The life cycle of these tapeworms begins when eggs are passed through the feces, where they are picked by intermediate hosts, which include <a href="/wiki/Corixidae" title="Corixidae">corixid</a> <a href="/wiki/Hemiptera" title="Hemiptera">bugs</a> and the nymphs of <a href="/wiki/Odonata" title="Odonata">Odonata</a>. These aquatic insects are eventually be consumed by grebes, where the lifecycle begins again. Another grebe specialist family of internal parasites are the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dioecocestidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dioecocestidae (page does not exist)">Dioecocestidae</a>. Other families such as <a href="/wiki/Echinostomatidae" title="Echinostomatidae">Echinostomatidae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hymenolepididae" title="Hymenolepididae">Hymenolepididae</a> also contain several cestode species that are grebe specialists.<sup id="cite_ref-Storer2000_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storer2000-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prominent external parasites of grebes are the <a href="/wiki/Lice" class="mw-redirect" title="Lice">lice</a> of the clade <a href="/wiki/Ischnocera" title="Ischnocera">Ischnocera</a>. One genus of these lice, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aquanirmus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aquanirmus (page does not exist)">Aquanirmus</a>,</i> is the only one that is a grebe specialist. Another major group of parasites are the two <a href="/wiki/Mite" title="Mite">mites</a> of the families <a href="/wiki/Rhinonyssidae" title="Rhinonyssidae">Rhinonyssidae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ereynetidae" title="Ereynetidae">Ereynetidae</a>; these infect the nasal passages of grebes. The rhinonyssids move slowly in the mucous membranes, drinking blood, while the ereynetids live on the surface. Various lineages of feather mites of the clade <a href="/wiki/Analgoidea" title="Analgoidea">Analgoidea</a> have evolved to occupy different sections of the feather. <i><a href="/wiki/Theromyzon" title="Theromyzon">Theromyzon</a></i> ("duck leeches") tend to feed in the nasal cavities of waterbirds in general, including grebes.<sup id="cite_ref-Storer2000_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storer2000-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tachybaptus_rufolavatus_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Zoo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tachybaptus_rufolavatus_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Zoo.JPG/220px-Tachybaptus_rufolavatus_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Zoo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tachybaptus_rufolavatus_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Zoo.JPG/330px-Tachybaptus_rufolavatus_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Zoo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tachybaptus_rufolavatus_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Zoo.JPG/440px-Tachybaptus_rufolavatus_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Zoo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3267" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alaotra_grebe" title="Alaotra grebe">Alaotra grebe</a> (<i>T. rufolavatus</i>) was one of the three species of lake endemic grebes that have gone extinct. </figcaption></figure> <p>Thirty percent of the total extant species are considered to be threatened species by the IUCN. The handful of critically endangered and extinct species of grebe are lake endemics and nearly all of them are or were flightless. The three recently extinct species consist of the <a href="/wiki/Alaotra_grebe" title="Alaotra grebe">Alaotra grebe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Atitl%C3%A1n_grebe" title="Atitlán grebe">Atitlán grebe</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_grebe" title="Colombian grebe">Colombian grebe</a>. These species went extinct due to anthropogenic changes, such as habitat loss, the introduction of invasive predatory fishes, and the use of fishing nets that tangled birds in the lakes they once existed in. Similar issues are befalling the Colombian grebe's closest relatives, the <a href="/wiki/Junin_grebe" title="Junin grebe">Junin grebe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hooded_grebe" title="Hooded grebe">hooded grebe</a>, along with climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-Hume2017_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hume2017-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 73–75">: 73–75 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Winkleretal2020_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winkleretal2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Podicipediformes_by_population" title="List of Podicipediformes by population">List of Podicipediformes by population</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-The_Birds_Around_Us-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Birds_Around_Us_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMace,_Alice_E.1986" class="citation book cs1">Mace, Alice E. (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/birdsaroundu00mace">"Changes Through Time"</a></span>. <i>The Birds Around Us</i> (Hardcover ed.). Ortho Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/birdsaroundu00mace/page/30">30</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89721-068-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89721-068-3"><bdi>978-0-89721-068-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Changes+Through+Time&rft.btitle=The+Birds+Around+Us&rft.pages=30&rft.edition=Hardcover&rft.pub=Ortho+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-89721-068-3&rft.au=Mace%2C+Alice+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbirdsaroundu00mace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ogilvie2002-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ogilvie2002_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogilvie2002_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogilvie2002_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ogilvie2002_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgilvie2002" class="citation book cs1">Ogilvie, M. A. (2002). <i>Grebes of the World</i>. Bruce Coleman Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1872842035" title="Special:BookSources/978-1872842035"><bdi>978-1872842035</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grebes+of+the+World.&rft.pub=Bruce+Coleman+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1872842035&rft.aulast=Ogilvie&rft.aufirst=M.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winkleretal2020-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winkleretal2020_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winkleretal2020_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinklerBillermanLovette2020" class="citation journal cs1">Winkler, D. W.; Billerman, S. M.; Lovette, I. J. (2020). Billerman, S. M.; Keeney, B. K.; Rodewald, P. G.; Schulenberg, T. S. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/podici1/cur/introduction">"Grebes (Podicipedidae) version 1.0"</a>. <i>Birds of the World</i>. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2173%2Fbow.podici1.01">10.2173/bow.podici1.01</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240888948">240888948</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221221135718/https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/podici1/cur/introduction">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birds+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Grebes+%28Podicipedidae%29+version+1.0.&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2173%2Fbow.podici1.01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A240888948%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=D.+W.&rft.au=Billerman%2C+S.+M.&rft.au=Lovette%2C+I.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbirdsoftheworld.org%2Fbow%2Fspecies%2Fpodici1%2Fcur%2Fintroduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankNeu1929" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Frank, Harry R.; Neu, Wolfgang (1 September 1929). "Die Schwimmbewegungen der Tauchvögel (Podiceps)" [The swimming movements of diving birds (Podiceps)]. <i>Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie</i> (in German). <b>10</b> (3): 410–418. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00339264">10.1007/BF00339264</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31898176">31898176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+vergleichende+Physiologie&rft.atitle=Die+Schwimmbewegungen+der+Tauchv%C3%B6gel+%28Podiceps%29&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=410-418&rft.date=1929-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00339264&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A31898176%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Harry+R.&rft.au=Neu%2C+Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnsgard1987-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnsgard1987_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnsgard1987_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnsgard1987_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnsgard1987_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsgard1987" class="citation book cs1">Johnsgard, P. (1987). <i>Diving Birds of North America</i>. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780803225664" title="Special:BookSources/9780803225664"><bdi>9780803225664</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diving+Birds+of+North+America.&rft.place=Nebraska&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780803225664&rft.aulast=Johnsgard&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoB-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EoB_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoB_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFjeldså1991" class="citation book cs1">Fjeldså, John (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds</i>. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 59–60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85391-186-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85391-186-6"><bdi>978-1-85391-186-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Animals%3A+Birds&rft.place=London&rft.pages=59-60&rft.pub=Merehurst+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-85391-186-6&rft.aulast=Fjelds%C3%A5&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fjeldså2004-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fjeldså2004_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fjeldså2004_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fjeldså2004_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fjeldså2004_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fjeldså2004_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fjeldså2004_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFjeldså2004" class="citation book cs1">Fjeldså, J. (2004). <i>The Grebes</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Br.+Birds&rft.atitle=Feather-eating+and+Pellet-formation+in+the+Great+Crested+Grebe&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=432-435&rft.date=1956&rft.au=Simmons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishbirds.co.uk%2Fsearch%3Fmodel%3Dpdf%26id%3D3147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStolpe1935" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stolpe, Max (1 January 1935). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Species%2C+Phylogeny+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=The+contribution+of+fossils+to+the+reconstruction+of+the+higher-level+phylogeny+of+birds&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=59-64&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=1098-660X&rft.aulast=Mayr&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senckenberg.de%2Ffiles%2Fcontent%2Fforschung%2Fabteilung%2Fterrzool%2Fornithologie%2Fgottingen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayr2009-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mayr2009_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayr2009" class="citation book cs1">Mayr, Gerald (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P_TB72RBLLMC&pg=PA110"><i>Paleogene Fossil Birds</i></a>. 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"Pleistocene Birds from Fossil Lake, Oregon". <i>The Condor</i>. <b>69</b> (1): 24–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1366369">10.2307/1366369</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1366369">1366369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Condor&rft.atitle=Pleistocene+Birds+from+Fossil+Lake%2C+Oregon&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24-27&rft.date=1967-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1366369&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1366369%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Jehl&rft.aufirst=Joseph+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWetmore1933" class="citation journal cs1">Wetmore, Alexander (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cbarchive_36794_pliocenebirdremainsfromidaho1862">"Pliocene bird remains from Idaho"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections</i>. <b>87</b>: 1–12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Miscellaneous+Collections&rft.atitle=Pliocene+bird+remains+from+Idaho&rft.volume=87&rft.pages=1-12&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Wetmore&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcbarchive_36794_pliocenebirdremainsfromidaho1862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bochenski1994-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bochenski1994_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bochenski1994_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBochenski1994" class="citation journal cs1">Bochenski, Z. 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T.; Balanoff, A. M.; Bell, M. A.; Houseman, M. D. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pala.12040">"Fossil grebes from the Truckee Formation (Miocene) of Nevada and a new phylogenetic analysis of Podicipediformes (Aves)"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology</i>. <b>56</b> (5): 1149–1169. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Palgy..56.1149K">2013Palgy..56.1149K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpala.12040">10.1111/pala.12040</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83938510">83938510</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230102165157/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pala.12040">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Contributions+to+Paleobiology&rft.atitle=Fossil+grebes+from+the+Truckee+Formation+%28Miocene%29+of+Nevada+and+a+new+phylogenetic+analysis+of+Podicipediformes+%28Aves%29.&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1149-1169&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A83938510%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fpala.12040&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Palgy..56.1149K&rft.aulast=Ksepka&rft.aufirst=D.+T.&rft.au=Balanoff%2C+A.+M.&rft.au=Bell%2C+M.+A.&rft.au=Houseman%2C+M.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1111%2Fpala.12040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ksepka&Kammerer2013-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ksepka&Kammerer2013_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKsepkaKammerer2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ksepka, D. T.; Kammerer, C. (2013). "Corrigendum: Taxonomic status of the Least Grebe". <i>Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology</i>. <b>56</b> (5): 1171. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Palgy..56.1171K">2013Palgy..56.1171K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpala.12068">10.1111/pala.12068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Contributions+to+Paleobiology&rft.atitle=Corrigendum%3A+Taxonomic+status+of+the+Least+Grebe.&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1171&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fpala.12068&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Palgy..56.1171K&rft.aulast=Ksepka&rft.aufirst=D.+T.&rft.au=Kammerer%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrisonetal2021-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harrisonetal2021_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisonPerrowLarsson2021" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, P.; Perrow, M.; Larsson, H. (2021). <i>Seabirds: The New Identification Guide</i>. Barcelona: Lynx Ediciones. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-16728-41-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-16728-41-1"><bdi>978-84-16728-41-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seabirds%3A+The+New+Identification+Guide.&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pub=Lynx+Ediciones&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-84-16728-41-1&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Perrow%2C+M.&rft.au=Larsson%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Storer2000-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Storer2000_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storer2000_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorer2000" class="citation journal cs1">Storer, R. W. (2000). "The metazoan parasite fauna of grebes (Aves: Podicepediformes) and its relationship to the birds' biology". <i>Miscellaneous Publications-Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.</i> (188): 1–99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miscellaneous+Publications-Museum+of+Zoology%2C+University+of+Michigan.&rft.atitle=The+metazoan+parasite+fauna+of+grebes+%28Aves%3A+Podicepediformes%29+and+its+relationship+to+the+birds%27+biology.&rft.issue=188&rft.pages=1-99&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Storer&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hume2017-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hume2017_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHume2017" class="citation book cs1">Hume, J. P. (2017). <i>Extinct Birds: Second Edition</i>. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1472937445" title="Special:BookSources/978-1472937445"><bdi>978-1472937445</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extinct+Birds%3A+Second+Edition&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1472937445&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Konter, André (2001): <i>Grebes of our world: visiting all species on 5 continents</i>. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. <small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-87334-33-4" title="Special:BookSources/84-87334-33-4">84-87334-33-4</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Ogilvie" title="Malcolm Ogilvie">Ogilvie, Malcolm</a> & Rose, Chris (2003): <i>Grebes of the World</i>. Bruce Coleman Books, Uxbridge, England. <small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-872842-03-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-872842-03-8">1-872842-03-8</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sibley" title="Charles Sibley">Sibley, Charles Gald</a> & Monroe, Burt L. Jr. (1990): <i>Distribution and taxonomy of the birds of the world: A Study in Molecular Evolution</i>. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. <small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-04969-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-04969-2">0-300-04969-2</a></small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grebe&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Podicipedidae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Podicipedidae">Podicipedidae</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Podicipedidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Podicipedidae">Podicipedidae</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1920 <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Grebes" class="extiw" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Grebes">Grebes</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tolweb.org/Podicipedidae/26371">Tree of Life Grebes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130625104136/http://tolweb.org/Podicipedidae/26371">Archived</a> 2013-06-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>openclipart.org: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927024356/http://openclipart.org/cchost/media/tags/aechmophorus">Grebes clip-art</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscidivingbirds/">Diving Birds of North America</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Johnsgard" title="Paul Johnsgard">Paul Johnsgard</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watch.opb.org/video/oregon-field-guide-grebes-walk-water/">Grebes Walk on Water</a> Documentary produced by <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Field_Guide" title="Oregon Field Guide">Oregon Field Guide</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Grebe"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Grebe">"Grebe" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work"><i>The New Student's Reference Work</i> </a></span>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grebe&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrebe" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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title="Species">Species</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i> <a href="/wiki/Tachybaptus" title="Tachybaptus">Tachybaptus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_grebe" title="Little grebe">Little grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricolored_grebe" title="Tricolored grebe">Tricolored grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australasian_grebe" title="Australasian grebe">Australasian grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_grebe" title="Madagascar grebe">Madagascar grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaotra_grebe" title="Alaotra grebe">Alaotra grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_grebe" title="Least grebe">Least grebe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i> <a href="/wiki/Podilymbus" title="Podilymbus">Podilymbus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pied-billed_grebe" title="Pied-billed grebe">Pied-billed grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atitl%C3%A1n_grebe" title="Atitlán grebe">Atitlán grebe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i> <a href="/wiki/Rollandia_(bird)" title="Rollandia (bird)">Rollandia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-tufted_grebe" title="White-tufted grebe">White-tufted grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titicaca_grebe" title="Titicaca grebe">Titicaca grebe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i> <a href="/wiki/Poliocephalus_(bird)" title="Poliocephalus (bird)">Poliocephalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoary-headed_grebe" title="Hoary-headed grebe">Hoary-headed grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_grebe" title="New Zealand grebe">New Zealand grebe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i> <a href="/wiki/Podiceps" title="Podiceps">Podiceps</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red-necked_grebe" title="Red-necked grebe">Red-necked grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_crested_grebe" title="Great crested grebe">Great crested grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_grebe" title="Horned grebe">Horned grebe</a> (or Slavonian grebe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-necked_grebe" title="Black-necked grebe">Black-necked grebe</a> (or eared grebe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_grebe" title="Colombian grebe">Colombian grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_grebe" title="Great grebe">Great grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvery_grebe" title="Silvery grebe">Silvery grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junin_grebe" title="Junin grebe">Junin grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_grebe" title="Hooded grebe">Hooded grebe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Aechmophorus" title="Aechmophorus">Aechmophorus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_grebe" title="Western grebe">Western grebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark%27s_grebe" title="Clark's grebe">Clark's grebe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Birds_(class:_Aves)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Birds" title="Template:Birds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Birds" title="Template talk:Birds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Birds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Birds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Birds_(class:_Aves)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Birds</a> (<a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">class</a>: Aves)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_birds" title="Outline of birds">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bird_anatomy" title="Bird anatomy">Anatomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beak" title="Beak">Beak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avian_brain" title="Avian brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_(anatomy)#Birds" title="Crop (anatomy)">Crop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crop_milk" title="Crop milk">milk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dactyly#bird_digits" title="Dactyly">Dactyly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_egg" title="Bird egg">Eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather" title="Feather">Feathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_flight" title="Bird flight">Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uropygial_gland" title="Uropygial gland">Preen gland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumage" title="Plumage">Plumage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_vision" title="Bird vision">Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bird_behaviour" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird behaviour">Behaviour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_vocalization" title="Bird vocalization">Singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_intelligence" title="Bird intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avian_foraging" title="Avian foraging">Foraging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection_in_birds" title="Sexual selection in birds">Sexual selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lek_mating" title="Lek mating">Lek mating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabird_breeding_behavior" title="Seabird breeding behavior">Seabird breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_incubation#Avian_incubation" title="Egg incubation">Incubation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brood_parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Brood parasite">Brood parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_nest" title="Bird nest">Nesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_hybrid" title="Bird hybrid">Hybrids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_colony" title="Bird colony">Colony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">Evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_birds" title="Origin of birds">Origin of birds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">Theropoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_avian_flight" title="Origin of avian flight">Origin of flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_birds" title="Evolution of birds">Evolution of birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_finches" title="Darwin's finches">Darwin's finches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">Seabirds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fossil_bird_genera" title="List of fossil bird genera">Fossil birds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Archaeopteryx" title="Archaeopteryx">Archaeopteryx</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnivoropterygidae" title="Omnivoropterygidae">Omnivoropterygiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeholornithidae" title="Jeholornithidae">Jeholornithidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confuciusornithiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Confuciusornithiformes">Confuciusornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enantiornithes" title="Enantiornithes">Enantiornithes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyangiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoyangiformes">Chaoyangiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patagopterygiformes" title="Patagopterygiformes">Patagopterygiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambiortiformes" title="Ambiortiformes">Ambiortiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songlingornithiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Songlingornithiformes">Songlingornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongshanornithidae" title="Hongshanornithidae">Hongshanornithidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gansus" title="Gansus">Gansuiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyornithes" title="Ichthyornithes">Ichthyornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperornithes" title="Hesperornithes">Hesperornithes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithornithidae" title="Lithornithidae">Lithornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moa" title="Moa">Dinornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_bird" title="Elephant bird">Aepyornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastornithiformes" title="Gastornithiformes">Gastornithiformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_uses_of_birds" title="Human uses of birds">Human <br />interaction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_ringing" title="Bird ringing">Ringing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithology" title="Ornithology">Ornithology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithomancy" title="Ornithomancy">Ornithomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_collections" title="Bird collections">Bird collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">Birdwatching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_year" title="Big year">big year</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_feeding" title="Bird feeding">Bird feeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_conservation" title="Bird conservation">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviculture" title="Aviculture">Aviculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfowl_hunting" title="Waterfowl hunting">Waterfowl hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockfight" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockfight">Cockfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_racing" title="Pigeon racing">Pigeon racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">Falconry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheasantry" title="Pheasantry">Pheasantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imping" title="Imping">Imping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oology" title="Oology">Egg collecting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds" title="List of birds">Families and orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bird_genera" title="List of bird genera">Genera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms" title="Glossary of bird terms">Glossary of bird terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_by_population" title="List of birds by population">List by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_birds_by_region" title="Lists of birds by region">Lists by region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_bird_species_since_1500" title="List of extinct bird species since 1500">Extinct species since 1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Late_Quaternary_prehistoric_bird_species" title="List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species">Late Quaternary prehistoric birds</a></li> <li>Notable birds <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_birds" title="List of individual birds">individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_birds" title="List of fictional birds">fictional</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Neornithes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Neornithes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Palaeognathae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palaeognathae" title="Palaeognathae">Palaeognathae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Struthionidae" title="Struthionidae">Struthioniformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(ostriches)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheidae" title="Rheidae">Rheiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(rheas)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinamou" title="Tinamou">Tinamiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(tinamous)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(bird)" title="Kiwi (bird)">Apterygiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(kiwis)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuariiformes" title="Casuariiformes">Casuariiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(emus and cassowaries)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neognathae" title="Neognathae">N<br />e<br />o<br />g<br />n<br />a<br />t<br />h<br />a<br />e</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Galloanserae_(fowls)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galloanserae" class="mw-redirect" title="Galloanserae">G<br />a<br />l<br />l<br />o<br />a<br />n<br />s<br />e<br />r<br />a<br />e</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Fowl" title="Fowl">fowls</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anseriformes" title="Anseriformes">Anseriformes</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(waterfowls)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anatidae" title="Anatidae">Anatidae</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">ducks</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatinae" title="Anatinae">Anatinae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_duck" title="Diving duck">Aythyini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergini" title="Mergini">Mergini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyurini" title="Oxyurini">Oxyurini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anserinae" title="Anserinae">Anserinae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swan" title="Swan"><span style="font-size:85%;">swans</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose" title="Goose"><span style="font-size:85%;">true geese</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistling_duck" title="Whistling duck">Dendrocygninae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freckled_duck" title="Freckled duck">Stictonettinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadorninae" title="Tadorninae">Tadorninae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhimidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anhimidae">Anhimidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Horned_screamer" title="Horned screamer">Anhima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chauna" title="Chauna">Chauna</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anseranatidae" title="Anseranatidae">Anseranatidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magpie_goose" title="Magpie goose">Anseranas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galliformes" title="Galliformes">Galliformes</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Landfowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Landfowl">landfowls</a>-</span> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gamebirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamebirds">gamebirds</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cracidae" title="Cracidae">Cracidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cracinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cracinae">Cracinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oreophasinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreophasinae">Oreophasinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelopinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Penelopinae">Penelopinae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megapodidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Megapodidae">Megapodidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aepypodius" title="Aepypodius">Aepypodius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alectura" class="mw-redirect" title="Alectura">Alectura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eulipoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Eulipoa">Eulipoa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leipoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Leipoa">Leipoa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrocephalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrocephalon">Macrocephalon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megapodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Megapodius">Megapodius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talegalla" title="Talegalla">Talegalla</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Numididae" class="mw-redirect" title="Numididae">Numididae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vulturine_guineafowl" title="Vulturine guineafowl">Acryllium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agelastes" title="Agelastes">Agelastes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guttera" title="Guttera">Guttera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numida" class="mw-redirect" title="Numida">Numida</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Odontophoridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontophoridae">Odontophoridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Callipepla" title="Callipepla">Callipepla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colinus" title="Colinus">Colinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrtonyx" title="Cyrtonyx">Cyrtonyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dactylortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Dactylortyx">Dactylortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendrortyx" title="Dendrortyx">Dendrortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odontophorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontophorus">Odontophorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreortyx">Oreortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Philortyx">Philortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchortyx">Rhynchortyx</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phasianidae" title="Phasianidae">Phasianidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meleagridinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Meleagridinae">Meleagridinae <span style="font-size:85%;">(turkeys)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdicinae" title="Perdicinae">Perdicinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasianinae" title="Phasianinae">Phasianinae <span style="font-size:85%;">(pheasants and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouse" title="Grouse">Tetraoninae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neoaves" title="Neoaves">Neoaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Columbea" title="Columbea">Columbea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Columbimorphae" title="Columbimorphae">Columbimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">Columbiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(doves and pigeons)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesite" title="Mesite">Mesitornithiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(mesites)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandgrouse" title="Sandgrouse">Pterocliformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(sandgrouse)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mirandornithes" title="Mirandornithes">Mirandornithes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">Phoenicopteriformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(flamingos)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Podicipediformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(grebes)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passerea" title="Passerea">Passerea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otidimorphae" title="Otidimorphae">Otidimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuckoo" title="Cuckoo">Cuculiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cuckoos)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turaco" title="Turaco">Musophagiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(turacos)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustard" title="Bustard">Otidiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(bustards)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strisores" title="Strisores">Strisores</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caprimulgiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Caprimulgiformes">Caprimulgiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(nightjars and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steatornithiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Steatornithiformes">Steatornithiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(oilbirds)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctibiiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyctibiiformes">Nyctibiiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(potoos)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podargiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Podargiformes">Podargiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(frogmouths)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegotheliformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegotheliformes">Aegotheliformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(owlet-nightjars)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apodiformes" title="Apodiformes">Apodiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(swifts and hummingbirds)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opisthocomiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthocomiformes">Opisthocomiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opisthocomidae" title="Opisthocomidae">Opisthocomiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(hoatzins)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cursorimorphae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cursorimorphae">Cursorimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charadriiformes" title="Charadriiformes">Charadriiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(gulls and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruiformes" title="Gruiformes">Gruiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cranes and relatives)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phaethontimorphae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaethontimorphae">Phaethontimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropicbird" title="Tropicbird">Phaethontiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(tropicbirds)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurypygiformes" title="Eurypygiformes">Eurypygiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(kagus and sunbitterns)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aequornithes" title="Aequornithes">Aequornithes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loon" title="Loon">Gaviiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(loons or divers)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">Sphenisciformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(penguins)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procellariiformes" title="Procellariiformes">Procellariiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(albatrosses and petrels)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stork" title="Stork">Ciconiiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(storks)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suliformes" title="Suliformes">Suliformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cormorants and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelecaniformes" title="Pelecaniformes">Pelecaniformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(pelicans and relatives)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australaves" title="Australaves">Australaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cariamiformes" title="Cariamiformes">Cariamiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(seriemas and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconiformes" title="Falconiformes">Falconiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(falcons and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrot" title="Parrot">Psittaciformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(parrots)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">Passeriformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(perching birds)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afroaves" title="Afroaves">Afroaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accipitriformes" title="Accipitriformes">Accipitriformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(raptors)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owl" title="Owl">Strigiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(owls)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousebird" title="Mousebird">Coliiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(mousebirds)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trogon" title="Trogon">Trogoniformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(trogons and quetzals)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuckoo-roller" title="Cuckoo-roller">Leptosomiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cuckoo-rollers)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucerotiformes" title="Bucerotiformes">Bucerotiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(hornbills and hoopoes)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coraciiformes" title="Coraciiformes">Coraciiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(kingfishers and rollers)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piciformes" title="Piciformes">Piciformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(woodpeckers and relatives)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Birds" title="Category:Birds">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Birds" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Birds">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Birds" title="Portal:Birds">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Birds" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Podicipedidae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21695" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q21695">Q21695</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Podicipedidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Podicipedidae">Podicipedidae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Podicipedidae/">Podicipedidae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Podicipedidae">Podicipedidae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=1499">1499</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/627FZ">627FZ</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/7993">7993</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1PODCF">1PODCF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/9338">9338</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/4203">4203</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101564">101564</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=174477">174477</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000160755">NBNSYS0000160755</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=30448">30448</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/be8226c5-7a8c-429a-8827-d550be0c5e03">be8226c5-7a8c-429a-8827-d550be0c5e03</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=452459">452459</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39552">39552</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=136995">136995</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21695#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4575154-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85057028">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grèbes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121298321">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grèbes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121298321">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000297872&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007540823805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grebe&oldid=1254856069">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grebe&oldid=1254856069</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Podicipedidae" title="Category:Podicipedidae">Podicipedidae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Podicipediformes" title="Category:Podicipediformes">Podicipediformes</a></li><li><a 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