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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 20th century subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_WWII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_WWII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>After WWII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_WWII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فولينيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فولينيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Валынь – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Валынь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Валынь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Валынь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Волиния – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Волиния" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%C3%ADnia" title="Volínia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Volínia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voly%C5%88" title="Volyň – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volyň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhynien" title="Volhynien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Volhynien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolhynien" title="Wolhynien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wolhynien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wo%C5%82y%C5%84ska" title="Wołyńska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wołyńska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%C3%B5%C3%B5nia" title="Volõõnia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Volõõnia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Volhynia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volinia" title="Volinia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Volinia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volinio" title="Volinio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Volinio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volinia" title="Volinia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Volinia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="وولینیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وولینیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhynie" title="Volhynie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Volhynie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolhynje" title="Wolhynje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wolhynje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volinia" title="Volinia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Volinia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%9E%88%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="볼히니아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼히니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wo%C5%82ynska" title="Wołynska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wołynska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volinija" title="Volinija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Volinija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volinia" title="Volinia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Volinia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhinia" title="Volhinia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Volhinia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volinia" title="Volinia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Volinia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ווהלין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ווהלין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Volhynia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%C4%ABnija" title="Volīnija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Volīnija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluin%C4%97" title="Voluinė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Voluinė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolyni%C3%AB_(historische_regio)" title="Wolynië (historische regio) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wolynië (historische regio)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B" title="ヴォルィーニ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴォルィーニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Volhynia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Volhynia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wo%C5%82y%C5%84" title="Wołyń – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wołyń" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%C3%ADnia" title="Volínia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Volínia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%C3%A2nia" title="Volânia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Volânia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Волынь – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Волынь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Волынь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волынь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volinija" title="Volinija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Volinija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Волинија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Волинија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volinj" title="Volinj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Volinj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volynia" title="Volynia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Volynia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volynien" title="Volynien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Volynien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhinya" title="Volhinya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Volhinya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Волинь – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Волинь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Volhynia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="וואהלין – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואהלין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%80%AB_(%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90)" title="沃倫 (東歐) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沃倫 (東歐)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7530#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Volhynia</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> that is located north of <a href="/wiki/Podolia" title="Podolia">Podolia</a>, south of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polesia (not yet started)">Polesia</a>, east of the <a href="/wiki/Bug_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug River">Bug River</a>, and west of <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volhynia's <a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">area</a> is about 70,000 square kilometers and its population is more than four million people.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Early history" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Early history"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine-Volhyn-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ukraine-Volhyn-en.png/220px-Ukraine-Volhyn-en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ukraine-Volhyn-en.png/330px-Ukraine-Volhyn-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ukraine-Volhyn-en.png/440px-Ukraine-Volhyn-en.png 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Map" title="Map">map</a> of Volhynia (in <a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellow</a>) in modern Ukraine.</figcaption></figure><p> In the 16th century, with the 1569 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Lublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Lublin (not yet started)">Treaty of Lublin</a>, Volhynia became a largely <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">self-governing</a> part of the <a href="/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, keeping its <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian" class="mw-disambig" title="Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a> character but having its elite become <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a>, or Polonized.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of Volhynia was annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in the late <a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">partitions of Poland</a>. But Austria also got to annex a small part of Volhynia during this time.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="19th_century">19th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: 19th century" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: 19th century"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, Volhynia was still dominated by its Polish <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>. They continued to rule over the Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Peasants" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasants">peasants</a> who lived there.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volhynia experienced a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russification (not yet started)">Russification</a> program in the 19th century and did not get to experience the Ukrainian national awakening that was going on in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Galicia">Galicia</a> during this time.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: 20th century" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: 20th century"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Volhynia was partitioned between <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, with western Volhynia becoming a part of Poland and eastern Volhynia becoming a part of the Soviet Union, specifically a part of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volhynia experienced a Ukrainianization movement in the 1920s but a lot of its notable Ukrainian intellectuals were later <a href="/wiki/Murdered" class="mw-redirect" title="Murdered">murdered</a> in <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a> in the late 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: World War II" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: World War II"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1939, at the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Soviet Union conquered and annexed western Volhynia. It used to belong to Poland before that point in time.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> invaded the Soviet Union in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a> in 1941, Volhynia came under Nazi German rule for several years. Almost all of the <a href="/wiki/Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews">Jews</a> who were not evacuated by the Soviet Union ahead of time were murdered by the Nazis in the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_WWII">After WWII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: After WWII" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: After WWII"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the Soviet Union won World War II and got Volhynia back from the Nazis. Almost all of Volhynia's <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volhynian_Czechs" class="mw-redirect" title="Volhynian Czechs">Czechs</a> emigrated, in the former case to <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and in the latter case to <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, after the end of World War II, a lot of the Poles in eastern Volhynia switched residences with the Ukrainians in western Volhynia. This made both eastern Volhynia and western Volhynia much more ethnically homogeneous.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volhynia also saw some Russians and Belarusians move there during the time that it was under Soviet rule. This increased the populations of these two groups in Volhynia.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statistics">Statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Statistics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Statistics"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volhynia was historically <a href="/wiki/Agricultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural">agricultural</a>, with there being little <a href="/wiki/Industry" title="Industry">industry</a> there, especially in its western part. At the start of the 1930s, 78% of Volhynians worked in <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> and only 8% in industry. In 1987, 52% of Volhynians still lived in <a href="/wiki/Rural" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural">rural</a> areas, with most of these people still making a living based on agriculture during this time.<sup id="cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volhynia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ukrEnc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-0">1.00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-1">1.01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-2">1.02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-3">1.03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-4">1.04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-5">1.05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-6">1.06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-7">1.07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-8">1.08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-9">1.09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-10">1.10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-11">1.11</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-12">1.12</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukrEnc_1-13">1.13</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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