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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> 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type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Manuel+Roxas" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Manuel+Roxas" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Manuel+Roxas" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd 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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Talambuhay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Talambuhay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Talambuhay</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Talambuhay-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Talambuhay</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Talambuhay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maagang_buhay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maagang_buhay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Maagang buhay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maagang_buhay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gobernador_ng_Capiz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gobernador_ng_Capiz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Gobernador ng Capiz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gobernador_ng_Capiz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kinatawan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kinatawan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kinatawan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kinatawan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misyong_OsRox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misyong_OsRox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Misyong OsRox</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misyong_OsRox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Senado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iba_pang_mga_hinawakang_posisyon_sa_pamahalaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iba_pang_mga_hinawakang_posisyon_sa_pamahalaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Iba pang mga hinawakang posisyon sa pamahalaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iba_pang_mga_hinawakang_posisyon_sa_pamahalaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panahong_Hapones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panahong_Hapones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Panahong Hapones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panahong_Hapones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Pangulo ng Pilipinas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kamatayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kamatayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Kamatayan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kamatayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Talaan ng mga Nilalaman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Manuel Roxas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 46 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 (na) wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="مانويل روكساس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مانويل روكساس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="مانويل روكساس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مانويل روكساس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="مانوئل روخاس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مانوئل روخاس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B9" title="マニュエル・ロハス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マニュエル・ロハス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მანუელ როხასი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მანუელ როხასი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Мануэль Рохас – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мануэль Рохас" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%88%84%EC%97%98_%EB%A1%9C%ED%95%98%EC%8A%A4" title="마누엘 로하스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마누엘 로하스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Мануэль Рохас – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мануэль Рохас" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas_(president)" title="Manuel Roxas (president) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Manuel Roxas (president)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_A._Roxas" title="Manuel A. Roxas – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Manuel A. Roxas" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Acu%C3%B1a_Roxas" title="Manuel Acuña Roxas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Manuel Acuña Roxas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Рохас, Мануэль (президент) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рохас, Мануэль (президент)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas_y_Acu%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Roxas y Acuña – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Manuel Roxas y Acuña" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="มานูเอล โรฮัส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มานูเอล โรฮัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Мануель Рохас (президент) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мануель Рохас (президент)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Manuel Roxas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1971697">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="display:inline-block; font-size:130%;" class="fn">Manuel Roxas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg/220px-Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg/330px-Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Ika-5 <a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangulo ng Pilipinas</a> <br /><i>Ikatlong Pangulo ng Komonwelt</i> <br /><i>Unang Pangulo ng Ikatlong Republika</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Nasa puwesto</b></span><br />28 Mayo 1946 (bilang Pangulo ng Komonwelt); 4 Hulyo 1946, (bilang Pangulo ng Ikatlong Republika) – 15 Abril 1948</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Pangalwang Pangulo</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Nakaraang sinundan</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Sinundan ni</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Personal na detalye</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Isinilang</th><td class="infobox-data">1 Enero 1892<br /><a href="/wiki/Lungsod_Roxas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod Roxas">Capiz (ngayon ay Lungsod Roxas)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capiz" title="Capiz">Capiz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Yumao</th><td class="infobox-data">15 Abril 1948<br /><a href="/wiki/Clark_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark Air Base">Clark Air Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng Angeles">Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partidong pampolitika</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a> (1919–1945)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Partido_Liberal_(Pilipinas)" title="Partido Liberal (Pilipinas)">Partido Liberal</a> (1945–1948)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Asawa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Roxas" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad Roxas">Trinidad de Leon </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Trabaho</th><td class="infobox-data">Abogado</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1961329">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2054290">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Presidential_address_of_Manuel_Roxas_on_Constitution_Day_(1948).ogg" title="Talaksan:Presidential address of Manuel Roxas on Constitution Day (1948).ogg">Manuel Roxas's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="66" data-mwtitle="Presidential_address_of_Manuel_Roxas_on_Constitution_Day_(1948).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Presidential_address_of_Manuel_Roxas_on_Constitution_Day_%281948%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Presidential_address_of_Manuel_Roxas_on_Constitution_Day_%281948%29.ogg/Presidential_address_of_Manuel_Roxas_on_Constitution_Day_%281948%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Narekord noong Pebrero 8, 1948</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Si <b>Manuel Acuña Roxas</b> (<a href="/wiki/Enero_1" title="Enero 1">Enero 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/1892" class="mw-redirect" title="1892">1892</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abril_15" title="Abril 15">Abril 15</a>, <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>) ay Pilipinong abogado at politiko na naglingkod bilang ikalimang <a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Pilipinas">pangulo ng Pilipinas</a> mula 1946 hanggang 1948. Makikita siya sa isandaang pisong papel na isyu ng <a href="/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</a>. </p><p>Isinilang si Roxas noong 1 Enero 1892 sa lungsod na ipinangalan sa kanya nang siya ay namatay, ang lalawigang Capiz ngayon ay lalawigang Roxas. Sina Gerardo Roxas at Rosario Acuña ang kanyang mga magulang. Nagtapos siya ng abogasya sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas (University of the Philippines) noong 1912 at naging topnotcher sa Bar Exams. Nag-umpisa siya sa pulitika bilang Piskal Panlalawigan. Nagsilbi sa iba't-ibang kapasidad sa ilalim ng <a href="/wiki/Komonwelt_ng_Pilipinas" title="Komonwelt ng Pilipinas">Pamahalaang Komonwelt</a> ni <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a>. Noong 1921, naihalal siya sa House of Representatives at sa sumunod na taon ay naging Speaker of the House. Pagkatapos maitatag ang Komonwelt ng Pilipinas (1935), naging kasapi si Roxas sa National Assembly, nagsilbi (1938–1941) bilang Kalihim ng Pananalapi sa gabinete ni Pangulong Manuel Quezon, at naihalal (1941) sa Senado ng Pilipinas. Noong <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>, binihag siya (1942) ng pwersa ng mananakop na <a href="/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon">Hapon</a>. Ngunit sa panahon ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, nanilbihan siya sa ilalim ng Republika ng Pilipinas na itinaguyod ng mga Hapon. Sa panahon din ito, siya ang nagsilbing intelligence agent para sa mga gerilya. Hinuli ng mga bumalik na pwersang <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Amerikano</a> si Roxas sa paghihinalang pakikipagtulungan sa mga Hapon. Pagkatapos ng digmaan, pinawalang-sala siya ni Heneral <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> kasama kay pangulong <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osmena" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio Osmena">Sergio Osmena</a> kasama ng mga Pilipinong heneral na galing sa <a href="/wiki/Sandatahang_Lakas_ng_Pilipinas" title="Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas">Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas</a> na sina heneral <a href="/wiki/Basilio_J._Valdes" title="Basilio J. Valdes">Basilio J. Valdes</a> at si heneral <a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo" title="Carlos P. Romulo">Carlos P. Romulo</a> at ibinalik ang kanyang nombramyento bilang opisyal ng Hukbong Sandatahan ng Estados Unidos. Ito ang nagbigay-buhay sa kanyang buhay politika, at sa suporta ni MacArthur, nanalo siya sa halalan sa pagkapangulo noong 23 Abril 1946 laban kay <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a>. Bilang pangulo, pinawalang-sala niya ang mga nakipagtulungan sa mga Hapon. Noong 15 Abril 1948, inatake bigla si Roxas sa puso at siya ay namatay, habang nagbibigay ng kanyang talumpati sa dating base militar ng <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Clark_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark Air Base">Clark Air Base</a> wala na ito sa kasalukuyan. Siya ay sinundan ni Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Talambuhay">Talambuhay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Talambuhay" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Talambuhay"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maagang_buhay">Maagang buhay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Maagang buhay" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Maagang buhay"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si Roxas ay iniluwal noong 1 Enero 1892 sa <a href="/wiki/Capiz" title="Capiz">Capiz</a> kina Gerardo Roxas, Sr. at Rosario Acuña. Ang kanyang ama ay pinatay ng mga Kastilang guardia civil bago pa ipanganak si Manuel. Siya ay nagtapos sa Mataas na Paaralan ng Maynila (ngayong Mataas na Paaralan ng Araullo) noong 1909. Siya ay nag-aral ng batas sa isang pribadong paaralang itinatag ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_A._Malcolm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George A. Malcolm (hindi pa naisusulat)">George A. Malcolm</a> na unang dekano ng Kolehiyo ng Abugasya ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas. Sa ikalawang taon ay pumasok siya sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas kung saan siya nagtapos na balediktoryan at nakakuha ng pinakamataas na markang 92% sa bar examination noong 1913. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gobernador_ng_Capiz">Gobernador ng Capiz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Gobernador ng Capiz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Gobernador ng Capiz"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sinimulan ni Roxas ang kanyang karerang pampulitika noong 1917 bilang kasapi ng konsehong pangmunisipyo ng <a href="/wiki/Capiz" title="Capiz">Capiz</a> (ngayong <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Roxas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng Roxas">Lungsod ng Roxas</a>). Siya ay nahalal na Gobernador ng Capiz mula 1919 hanggang 1921. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kinatawan">Kinatawan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kinatawan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Kinatawan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si Roxas ay nahalal sa <a href="/wiki/Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas">Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas</a> noong 1922 at nanungkulan bilang Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan sa 12 taon. Siya ay naging kasapi ng <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Council_of_State" title="Philippine Council of State">Philippine Council of State</a>. Noong 1923, si Roxas at pangulo ng senado na si <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a> ay nagbitiw sa Council of State nang simulang i-<a href="/wiki/Veto" class="mw-redirect" title="Veto">veto</a> ni Gobernador-Heneral <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Leonard Wood</a> ang mga panukalang batas na ipinasa ng lehislatura ng Pilipinas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Misyong_OsRox">Misyong OsRox</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Misyong OsRox" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Misyong OsRox"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si Roxas kasama ni <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a> ay nanguna sa isang kampanya na tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Misyong_OsRox" title="Misyong OsRox">misyong OsRox</a> (1931) para sa pagkilala ng Estados Unidos ng kalayaan ng Pilipinas at pamumuno sa sarili ng Pilipinas. Nakamit ng misyong OsRox ang pagpasa ng Kongreso ng Estados Unidos ng <a href="/wiki/Hare%E2%80%93Hawes%E2%80%93Cutting_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act">Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act</a> na nangangakong magbibigay ng kalayaan sa Pilipinas pagkalipas ng 10 taon ngunit ito ay itinakwil ng Senado ng Pilipinas sa panghihimok ni <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a>. Si Quezon ay nanguna sa isang misyon noong 1934 upang makuha ang pagpasa ng Kongreso ng Estados Unidos ng <a href="/wiki/Batas_Tydings%E2%80%93McDuffie" title="Batas Tydings–McDuffie">Batas Tydings–McDuffie</a> na pinagtibay ng Senado ng Pilipinas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senado">Senado</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Senado" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Senado"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Siya ay nahalal sa Senado ng Pilipinas noong 1941 ngunit ang Kongreso ng Pilipino ay hindi natipon hanggang pagkatapos lamang na mapalaya ang Pilipinas mula sa pananakop ng mga Hapones noong 1945. Nang matipon ang Kongreso noong 1945, si hinalal ng Kongreso na nahalal noong 1941 bilang pangulo ng Senado. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iba_pang_mga_hinawakang_posisyon_sa_pamahalaan">Iba pang mga hinawakang posisyon sa pamahalaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Iba pang mga hinawakang posisyon sa pamahalaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Iba pang mga hinawakang posisyon sa pamahalaan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Siya ay kasapi ng Kombensiyong Konstitusyonal mula 1934 hanggang 1935 na lumikha ng <a href="/wiki/Saligang_Batas_ng_Pilipinas_ng_1935" class="mw-redirect" title="Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas ng 1935">Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas ng 1935</a> sa ilalim ng <a href="/wiki/Tydings-McDuffie_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Tydings-McDuffie Act">Tydings-McDuffie Act</a>. Siya ay naglingkod na kalihim ng Pananalapi mula 1938–1940, Tagapangasiwa ng National Economic Council, Tagapangsiwa ng National Development Company, Brigadier General ng USAFFE, at iba pa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panahong_Hapones">Panahong Hapones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Panahong Hapones" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Panahong Hapones"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noong <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>, si Roxas ay nanungkulan sa pamahalaan ng <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ikalawang Republika ng Pilipinas">Ikalawang Republika ng Pilipinas</a> ni <a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel" title="Jose P. Laurel">Jose P. Laurel</a> sa ilalim ng <a href="/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon">Hapon</a> bilang Direktor ng Ahensiya ng Paglilikom ng mga suplay ng kanin para sa hukbong Hapones. Siya ay naging kasapi ng komiteng gumawa ng drapto ng <a href="/wiki/Saligang_Batas_ng_Pilipinas_ng_1943" title="Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas ng 1943">Saligang Batas ng Ikalawang Republika</a> sa ilalim ng Hapon. </p><p>Gayunpaman, si Roxas ay pinaghihinalaan ng mga Hapones na nakikipagtulungan sa mga gerilyang laban sa Hapon at nagsagawa ng lihim na paniniktik kay Roxas sa kabila ng kautusan ni Heneral <a href="/wiki/Homma" class="mw-redirect" title="Homma">Homma</a> na malapit kay Roxas na itigil ang paniniktik nila kay Roxas. </p><p>Noong 1945, si Roxas kasama ng ibang mga kasapi ng gabinete ng Ikalawang Republika ay dinakip ni Heneral <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>. Si Roxas ay pinalaya, pinatawad at ibinalik ni MacArthur sa ranggong Brigadier Heneral sa General Headquarters ng Hukbong Amerikano sa Seksiyong Intelihensiya samantalang ang ibang nadakip na sina <a href="/wiki/Jose_Yulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Yulo">Jose Yulo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_delas_Alas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio delas Alas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Antonio delas Alas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quintin_Paredes" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintin Paredes">Quintin Paredes</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teofilo_Sison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teofilo Sison (hindi pa naisusulat)">Teofilo Sison</a> ay ibinilanggo upang litisin dahil sa <a href="/wiki/Kolusyon" title="Kolusyon">pakikipagsabwatan</a> sa mga Hapones. Inangkin ni MacArthur na si Roxas ay inosente at tumulong sa kilusang gerilyang laban sa Hapon. Noong 1948, pinatawad ni Pangulong Roxas ang mga dinakip na sinasabing kasabwat ng mga Hapones. </p><p>Noong 1946 halalan ng pagkapangulo, hiniling ni Roxas ang suporta ng <a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap" title="Hukbalahap">Hukbalahap</a> (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon) ngunit dahil sa paniniwalang si Roxas ay nakipagtulungan sa mga Hapones at malapit na nauugnay sa mga mayayamang nagmamay-ari ng lupain, kanilang sinuportahan si <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a>. Pagkatapos manalo ni Roxas sa halalan, noong 1948, kanyang inihayag ang parehong <a href="/w/index.php?title=PKM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PKM (hindi pa naisusulat)">PKM</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap" title="Hukbalahap">Hukbalahap</a> na mga "ilegal na organisasyon" at inutos ang pagdakip ng mga kasapi nito dahil sa "pagpapabagsak ng pamahalaan sa pamamagitan ng dahas" at "pagtatatag ng kanilang sariling pamahalaan sa tulong ng dahas at takot". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas">Pangulo ng Pilipinas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pangulo ng Pilipinas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Pangulo ng Pilipinas"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pagkatapos mapalaya ng mga Amerikano ang Pilipinas mula sa pananakop ng mga Hapones, ang <a href="/wiki/Komonwelt_ng_Pilipinas" title="Komonwelt ng Pilipinas">Komonwelt ng Pilipinas</a> ay ibinalik sa Pilipinas noong 27 Pebrero 1945 kung saan Pangulo si <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a>. </p><p>Nanalo si Roxas sa 1946 halalan ng pagkapangulo noong Abril 23,1946 na may 54 porsiyento ng kabuuang boto laban kina <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a> ng P<a href="/wiki/Partido_Nacionalista" title="Partido Nacionalista">artido Nacionalista</a> at Hilario Moncada ng P<a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Modernista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Modernista (hindi pa naisusulat)">artido Modernista</a>. Si Roxas ay tumakbo sa ilalim ng <a href="/wiki/Partido_Liberal_(Pilipinas)" title="Partido Liberal (Pilipinas)">Partido Liberal</a> na kanyang itinatag pagkatapos humiwalay sa <a href="/wiki/Partido_Nacionalista" title="Partido Nacionalista">Partido Nacionalista</a>. Si Roxas ay nagsilbing pangulo ng <a href="/wiki/Komonwelt_ng_Pilipinas" title="Komonwelt ng Pilipinas">Komonwelt ng Pilipinas</a> mula Mayo 28,1946 hanggang Hulyo 4,1946 nang makamit ng Pilipinas ang kalayaan mula sa Estados Unidos. </p><p>Noong 21 Hunyo 1946, si Roxas ay humarap sa Kongreso ng Estados Unidos upang himukin ang pagpasa ng dalawang batas na ipinasa ng Kongreso ng Estados Noong 30 Abril 1946: ang <a href="/wiki/Batas_Tydings%E2%80%93McDuffie" title="Batas Tydings–McDuffie">Batas Tydings–McDuffie</a> at ang <a href="/wiki/Bell_Trade_Act" title="Bell Trade Act">Bell Trade Act</a> na parehong ipinasa ng Kongreso ng Estados Unidos. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg/220px-Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg/330px-Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg/440px-Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption>Inaugurasyon ni Roxas bilang Pangulo ng Ikatlong Republika ng Pilipinas noong 4 Hulyo 1946 sa Independence Grandstand (ngayong Quirino Grandstand) sa Maynila.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sa araw na inilunsad ang <a href="/wiki/Ikatlong_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ikatlong Republika ng Pilipinas">Ikatlong Republika ng Pilipinas</a> at kalayaan ng Pilipinas mula sa Estados Unidos noong 4 Hulyo 1946, si Roxas ay nanumpa bilang unang Pangulo ng bagong Ikatlong Republika sa Luneta, Maynila. Ang okasyon ay dinaluhan ng mga 3,000 dignitaryo kabilang ang Commissioner to the Philippines at kauna-unahang Embahador ng Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_McNutt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul McNutt (hindi pa naisusulat)">Paul McNutt</a>, Heneral <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> galing sa Tokyo, United States Postmaster General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Hannegan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert E. Hannegan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Robert E. Hannegan</a>, isang delegasyon mula sa Kongreso ng Estados Unidos na pinangunahan ni Senador <a href="/w/index.php?title=Millard_Tydings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millard Tydings (hindi pa naisusulat)">Millard Tydings</a> (may akda ng Batas Tydings–McDuffie) at Kinatawan <a href="/w/index.php?title=C._Jasper_Bell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Jasper Bell (hindi pa naisusulat)">C. Jasper Bell</a> (may akda ng Bell Trade Act) at dating Civil Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Francis_Burton_Harrison" title="Francis Burton Harrison">Francis Burton Harrison</a>. Ito ay dinaluhan ng mga 300,000 katao na nakasaksi sa pagbaba ng pambansang watawat ng Estados Unidos at pagtataas ng pambansang watawat ng Pilipinas. </p><p>Si Roxas ang nanungkulang Pangulo ng Pilipinas hanggang sa kanyang kamatayan noong 15 Abril 1948. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kamatayan">Kamatayan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kamatayan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Kamatayan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Roxas_Tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Roxas_Tomb.jpg/220px-Roxas_Tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Roxas_Tomb.jpg/330px-Roxas_Tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Roxas_Tomb.jpg/440px-Roxas_Tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Libingan ni Roxas sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sementeryong_Norte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sementeryong Norte (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sementeryong Norte</a> sa Maynila.</figcaption></figure> <p>Si Roxas ay namatay noong 15 Abril 1948 sa <a href="/wiki/Atake_sa_puso" title="Atake sa puso">atake sa puso</a> sa tahanan ni Major General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_L._Eubank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene L. Eubank (hindi pa naisusulat)">E.L. Eubank</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Clark_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark Field">Clark Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Angeles City, Pampanga</a> pagkatapos manalumpati sa harap ng Sandatahang Panghimpapawid ng Estados Unidos. Dahil hindi pa tapos ang termino ni Roxas, siya ay hinalinhan ng Pangalawang Pangulong si <a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a>. </p>   <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em auto; clear: both; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Sinundan:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangulo ng Pilipinas</a></b><br />1946–1948 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Susunod:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2023235">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Ramon Mitra Jr.">Mitra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jose de Venecia Jr.">de Venecia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Villar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arnulfo_Fuentebella" title="Arnulfo Fuentebella">Fuentebella</a> • <a href="/wiki/Feliciano_Belmonte,_Jr." title="Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.">Belmonte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jose de Venecia Jr.">de Venecia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Prospero_Nograles" title="Prospero Nograles">Nograles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Feliciano_Belmonte,_Jr." title="Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.">Belmonte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pantaleon_Alvarez" title="Pantaleon Alvarez">Alvarez</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Macapagal-Arroyo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Cayetano</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Mga_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mga_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Mga Pangulo ng Pilipinas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika ng Pilipinas">Republika ng Pilipinas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deklarasyon_ng_Kalayaan_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Deklarasyon ng Kalayaan ng Pilipinas">Unang Diktadurya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tl/thumb/e/e5/PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png/100px-PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tl/thumb/e/e5/PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png/150px-PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tl/thumb/e/e5/PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png/200px-PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Unang Republika ng Pilipinas">Unang Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Komonwelt_ng_Pilipinas" title="Komonwelt ng Pilipinas">Pamahalaang Komonwelt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ikalawang Republika ng Pilipinas">Ikalawang Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_P._Laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="José P. Laurel">José P. Laurel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Komonwelt_ng_Pilipinas" title="Komonwelt ng Pilipinas">Pinanumbalik na Komonwelt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manuel Roxas</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ikatlong_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ikatlong Republika ng Pilipinas">Ikatlong Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manuel Roxas</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay" title="Ramon Magsaysay">Ramon Magsaysay</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand E. Marcos</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagong_Lipunan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagong Lipunan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bagong Lipunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand E. Marcos</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas_Militar_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batas Militar ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ikaapat na Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand E. Marcos</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon C. Aquino</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ikalimang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikalimang Republika ng Pilipinas">Ikalimang Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon C. Aquino</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Ejercito Estrada</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno S. 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