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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operational history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vietnam_War_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam_War_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Vietnam War era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam_War_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training_and_adversary_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training_and_adversary_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Training and adversary role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training_and_adversary_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Argentina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Falklands_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Falklands_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Falklands War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Falklands_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Postwar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuwait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuwait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kuwait</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuwait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Original_production_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_production_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Original production variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_production_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upgraded,_modified_and_export_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upgraded,_modified_and_export_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Upgraded, modified and export variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upgraded,_modified_and_export_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operators-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operators subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Former operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft_on_display" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft_on_display"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aircraft on display</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_on_display-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(A4D-5_/_A-4E_Skyhawk)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(A4D-5_/_A-4E_Skyhawk)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Specifications (A4D-5 / A-4E Skyhawk)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(A4D-5_/_A-4E_Skyhawk)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Douglas A-4 Skyhawk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%87-4_%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83" title="إيه-4 سكاي هوك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيه-4 سكاي هوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4" title="Douglas A-4 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Douglas A-4" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DB%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9" title="داگلاس ای-۴ اسکای‌هاوک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داگلاس ای-۴ اسکای‌هاوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%94%EA%B8%80%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4_A-4_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%ED%98%B8%ED%81%AC" title="더글러스 A-4 스카이호크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="더글러스 A-4 스카이호크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-4_Skyhawk" title="A-4 Skyhawk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%A1_A-4_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A7" title="דאגלס A-4 סקייהוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דאגלס A-4 סקייהוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-4_Skyhawk" title="A-4 Skyhawk – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%E2%80%934_Skyhawk" title="A–4 Skyhawk – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A–4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-4_Skyhawk" title="A-4 Skyhawk – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-4_Skyhawk" title="A-4 Skyhawk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-4_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F)" title="A-4 (航空機) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="A-4 (航空機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-4_Skyhawk" title="A-4 Skyhawk – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Douglas A-4" redirects here. For the 1940 biplane, see <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-4_(target_drone)" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas A-4 (target drone)">Douglas A-4 (target drone)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Carrier-based attack aircraft</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">A-4 (A4D) Skyhawk</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_A-4E_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_in_flight_over_Vietnam_on_21_November_1967_(6430101).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Douglas_A-4E_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_in_flight_over_Vietnam_on_21_November_1967_%286430101%29.jpg/300px-Douglas_A-4E_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_in_flight_over_Vietnam_on_21_November_1967_%286430101%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Douglas_A-4E_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_in_flight_over_Vietnam_on_21_November_1967_%286430101%29.jpg/450px-Douglas_A-4E_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_in_flight_over_Vietnam_on_21_November_1967_%286430101%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Douglas_A-4E_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_in_flight_over_Vietnam_on_21_November_1967_%286430101%29.jpg/600px-Douglas_A-4E_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_in_flight_over_Vietnam_on_21_November_1967_%286430101%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1940" data-file-height="1551" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">A U.S. Navy A-4E Skyhawk of VA-164, from <a href="/wiki/USS_Oriskany" title="USS Oriskany">USS <i>Oriskany</i></a>, en route to attack a target in <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>, 21 November 1967</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">Attack aircraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dissimilar_air_combat_training" title="Dissimilar air combat training">aggressor aircraft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas Aircraft Company</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">In limited service with non-U.S. users</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> <small>(historical)</small><div> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> <small>(historical)</small> <br /><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> <small>(historical)</small> <br /><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentine Air Force</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">2,960</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1954–1979</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1 October 1956<span class="noprint">; 68 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1956-10-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">22 June 1954<span class="noprint">; 70 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1954-06-22</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/USMC" class="mw-redirect" title="USMC">USMC</a> (1998), <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> (2003)<br /><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> (2015) <br /><a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a> (2001)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk" title="Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk">Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4G_Skyhawk" title="McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk">McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/ST_Aerospace_A-4SU_Super_Skyhawk" title="ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk">ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Douglas A-4 Skyhawk</b> is a single-seat <a href="/wiki/Subsonic_aircraft" title="Subsonic aircraft">subsonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Carrier-based_aircraft" title="Carrier-based aircraft">carrier-capable</a> light <a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">attack aircraft</a> designed and produced by the American aerospace manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas Aircraft Company</a>, and later, <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a>. It was originally designated <b>A4D</b> under the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1922_United_States_Navy_aircraft_designation_system" title="1922 United States Navy aircraft designation system">pre-1962 designation system</a>. </p><p>The Skyhawk was developed during the early 1950s on behalf of the U.S. Navy and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> as a replacement for the propeller-driven <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-1_Skyraider" title="Douglas A-1 Skyraider">Douglas A-1 (AD) Skyraider</a>. By comparison, the A-4 is a compact, straightforward, and lightweight aircraft for the era, its <a href="/wiki/Maximum_takeoff_weight" title="Maximum takeoff weight">maximum takeoff weight</a> of 24,500 pounds (11,100 kg) being roughly half of the Navy's weight specification. The Skyhawk has a short-span <a href="/wiki/Delta_wing" title="Delta wing">delta wing</a> configuration, a <a href="/wiki/Tricycle_undercarriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricycle undercarriage">tricycle undercarriage</a>, and is powered by a single <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojet</a> engine. The U.S. Navy issued a contract for the aircraft on 12 June 1952. On 22 June 1954, the XA4D-1 prototype performed its <a href="/wiki/Maiden_flight" title="Maiden flight">maiden flight</a>; it went on to set a world speed record of 695.163 mph on 15 October 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 October 1956, the Skyhawk was introduced to operational service. </p><p>The Skyhawk's five <a href="/wiki/Hardpoint" title="Hardpoint">hardpoints</a> support a variety of missiles, bombs, and other munitions. It is capable of carrying a bomb load equivalent to that of the World War II-era <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17</a> bomber, and can deliver nuclear weapons using a low-altitude bombing system and a <a href="/wiki/Toss_bombing" title="Toss bombing">"loft" delivery</a> technique. Furthermore, it pioneered the concept of <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling#Buddy_store" title="Aerial refueling">"buddy" air-to-air refueling</a>, enabling an aircraft to supply others and reduce the need for dedicated <a href="/wiki/List_of_tanker_aircraft" title="List of tanker aircraft">aerial tankers</a>. The Skyhawk was originally powered by the <a href="/wiki/Wright_J65" title="Wright J65">Wright J65</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojet</a> engine; from the A-4E onwards, the <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J52" title="Pratt & Whitney J52">Pratt & Whitney J52</a> engine was used instead. The Skyhawk was in production through to February 1979, by which point 2,960 aircraft had been delivered to a variety of operators. 555 aircraft alone were built as dedicated two-seat <a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">trainers</a>. </p><p>The Skyhawk saw active combat on several occasions. The U.S. Navy operated the type as its principal light attack aircraft during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, carrying out some of the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pierce_Arrow" title="Operation Pierce Arrow">first air strikes by the U.S. during the conflict</a>. The Skyhawk was the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a>'s main ground attack aircraft during both the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentine Air Force</a> Skyhawks bombed <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> vessels, sinking the <a href="/wiki/Type_42_destroyer" title="Type 42 destroyer">Type 42 destroyer</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Coventry_(D118)" title="HMS Coventry (D118)"><i>Coventry</i></a> and the <a href="/wiki/Type_21_frigate" title="Type 21 frigate">Type 21 frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ardent_(F184)" title="HMS Ardent (F184)"><i>Ardent</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Air_Force" title="Kuwait Air Force">Kuwaiti Air Force</a> Skyhawks saw action during <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Operation Desert Storm</a>. In 2022, nearly seven decades after the aircraft's first flight in 1954, a number of Skyhawks<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> remain in service with the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentine Air Force</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Naval_Aviation" title="Brazilian Naval Aviation">Brazilian Naval Aviation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2022_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Skyhawk was designed by Douglas Aircraft's <a href="/wiki/Ed_Heinemann" title="Ed Heinemann">Ed Heinemann</a> in response to a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> call for a jet-powered attack aircraft to replace the <a href="/wiki/Piston_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piston engine">piston-powered</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-1_Skyraider" title="Douglas A-1 Skyraider">Douglas AD Skyraider</a> (later redesignated A-1 Skyraider).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heinemann opted for a design that would minimize its size, weight, and complexity. The result was an aircraft that weighed only half of the Navy's weight specification.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a wing so compact that it did not need to be folded for carrier stowage. The first 500 production examples cost an average of <span style="white-space: nowrap">$860,000</span> (equivalent to about $9,757,000 in 2023) each, less than the Navy's one million dollar maximum.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diminutive Skyhawk soon received the <a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nicknames</a> "Scooter", "Kiddiecar", "Bantam Bomber", "Tinker Toy Bomber", and, on account of its speed and nimble performance, "Heinemann's Hot-Rod".<sup id="cite_ref-Proceedings_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The XA4D-1 prototype set a world speed record of 695.163 mph on 15 October 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_XA4D-1_Skyhawk_prototype_BuNo_137812_in_flight,_in_1954.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Douglas_XA4D-1_Skyhawk_prototype_BuNo_137812_in_flight%2C_in_1954.jpg/220px-Douglas_XA4D-1_Skyhawk_prototype_BuNo_137812_in_flight%2C_in_1954.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Douglas_XA4D-1_Skyhawk_prototype_BuNo_137812_in_flight%2C_in_1954.jpg/330px-Douglas_XA4D-1_Skyhawk_prototype_BuNo_137812_in_flight%2C_in_1954.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Douglas_XA4D-1_Skyhawk_prototype_BuNo_137812_in_flight%2C_in_1954.jpg/440px-Douglas_XA4D-1_Skyhawk_prototype_BuNo_137812_in_flight%2C_in_1954.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption>The XA4D-1 prototype in 1954</figcaption></figure> <p>The aircraft is of conventional post-World War II design, with a low-mounted <a href="/wiki/Delta_wing" title="Delta wing">delta wing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tricycle_undercarriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricycle undercarriage">tricycle undercarriage</a>, and a single <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojet</a> engine in the rear fuselage, with two air intakes on the fuselage sides. The tail is of <a href="/wiki/Cruciform_tail" title="Cruciform tail">cruciform design</a>, with the horizontal stabilizer mounted above the fuselage. Armament consisted of two 20 mm (.79 in caliber) <a href="/wiki/Colt_Mk_12_cannon" title="Colt Mk 12 cannon">Colt Mark 12 cannons</a>, one in each wing root, with 100 rounds per gun (the A-4M Skyhawk II and types based on the A-4M have 200 rounds per gun), plus a large variety of bombs, rockets, and missiles carried on a hardpoint under the fuselage centerline and hardpoints under each wing (originally one per wing, later two).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_A4D-1_Skyhawk_in_flight,_circa_in_late_1954_(80-G-658808).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Douglas_A4D-1_Skyhawk_in_flight%2C_circa_in_late_1954_%2880-G-658808%29.jpg/220px-Douglas_A4D-1_Skyhawk_in_flight%2C_circa_in_late_1954_%2880-G-658808%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Douglas_A4D-1_Skyhawk_in_flight%2C_circa_in_late_1954_%2880-G-658808%29.jpg/330px-Douglas_A4D-1_Skyhawk_in_flight%2C_circa_in_late_1954_%2880-G-658808%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Douglas_A4D-1_Skyhawk_in_flight%2C_circa_in_late_1954_%2880-G-658808%29.jpg/440px-Douglas_A4D-1_Skyhawk_in_flight%2C_circa_in_late_1954_%2880-G-658808%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5693" data-file-height="4294" /></a><figcaption>The second production A4D-1</figcaption></figure> <p>The short-span delta wing did not require the complexity of wingtip folding, saving an estimated 200 pounds (91 kg). Its spars were machined from a single forging that spanned across both wingtips.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_slats" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading edge slats">leading edge slats</a> were designed to drop automatically at the appropriate speed by gravity and air pressure, saving weight and space by omitting actuation motors and switches. Similarly the main undercarriage did not penetrate the main wing spar, designed so that when retracted only the wheel itself was inside the wing and the undercarriage struts were housed in a fairing below the wing. Thus the wing structure was lighter with the same overall strength. The rudder was constructed of a single panel reinforced with external ribs.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J65_engine_of_A4D_Skyhawk_at_MCAS_Iwakuni_1959.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/J65_engine_of_A4D_Skyhawk_at_MCAS_Iwakuni_1959.jpg/220px-J65_engine_of_A4D_Skyhawk_at_MCAS_Iwakuni_1959.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/J65_engine_of_A4D_Skyhawk_at_MCAS_Iwakuni_1959.jpg/330px-J65_engine_of_A4D_Skyhawk_at_MCAS_Iwakuni_1959.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/J65_engine_of_A4D_Skyhawk_at_MCAS_Iwakuni_1959.jpg/440px-J65_engine_of_A4D_Skyhawk_at_MCAS_Iwakuni_1959.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>A4D Skyhawk with the rear fuselage removed and an engine being slid into place, <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Iwakuni" title="Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni">Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni</a>, Japan, 1959</figcaption></figure> <p>The aircraft's <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojet</a> engine was accessed for service or replacement by removing the aft section of the fuselage and sliding out the engine. This obviated the need for access doors with their hinges and latches further reducing weight and complexity. This is the opposite of what can often happen in aircraft design where a small weight increase in one area leads to a compounding increase in weight in other areas to compensate, creating a demand for more powerful, heavier engines, larger wing and <a href="/wiki/Empennage" title="Empennage">empennage</a> area, and so on in a vicious circle.<sup id="cite_ref-airvictory_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-airvictory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-museumofflight_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museumofflight-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAM_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAM-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The A-4 pioneered the concept of <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling#Buddy_store" title="Aerial refueling">"buddy" air-to-air refueling</a>. This allows the aircraft to supply others of the same type, reducing the need for dedicated tanker aircraft—a particular advantage for small air arms or when operating in remote locations. This allows for greatly improved operational flexibility and reassurance against the loss or malfunction of tanker aircraft, though this procedure reduces the effective combat force on board the carrier. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-83_refuels_F8U-1P_Crusader_of_VFP-62,_circa_1961_(6418322).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-83_refuels_F8U-1P_Crusader_of_VFP-62%2C_circa_1961_%286418322%29.jpg/220px-A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-83_refuels_F8U-1P_Crusader_of_VFP-62%2C_circa_1961_%286418322%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-83_refuels_F8U-1P_Crusader_of_VFP-62%2C_circa_1961_%286418322%29.jpg/330px-A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-83_refuels_F8U-1P_Crusader_of_VFP-62%2C_circa_1961_%286418322%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-83_refuels_F8U-1P_Crusader_of_VFP-62%2C_circa_1961_%286418322%29.jpg/440px-A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-83_refuels_F8U-1P_Crusader_of_VFP-62%2C_circa_1961_%286418322%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2805" data-file-height="2019" /></a><figcaption>An A4D-2 (A-4B) refueling a <a href="/wiki/Vought_F-8_Crusader" title="Vought F-8 Crusader">F8U-1P (RF-8A)</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>A designated supply A-4 would mount a center-mounted "buddy store", a large external fuel tank with a hose reel in the aft section and an extensible drogue refueling bucket. This aircraft was fueled up without armament and launched first. Attack aircraft were armed to the maximum and were given as much fuel as was allowable by maximum takeoff weight limits, which was far less than a full tank. It was SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) to launch one Skyhawk as a tanker per launch-recovery cycle. In combat, 2-3 Skyhawk tankers were launched, especially if several groups of aircraft were attacking a heavily defended target.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once airborne, they topped off their fuel tanks from the tanker using the A-4's fixed refueling probe on the starboard side of the aircraft nose. They could then sortie with both full armament and fuel loads. The A-4 was rarely used for refueling in U.S. service after the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-3_Skywarrior" title="Douglas A-3 Skywarrior">KA-3 Skywarrior</a> tanker became available aboard the larger carriers. </p><p>The A-4 was also designed to be able to make an emergency landing, in the event of a hydraulic failure, on the two drop tanks nearly always carried by these aircraft. Such landings resulted in only minor damage to the nose of the aircraft which could be repaired in less than an hour. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4E_VA-44_nuclear_cockpit_shield_NAN8-73.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/A-4E_VA-44_nuclear_cockpit_shield_NAN8-73.jpg/170px-A-4E_VA-44_nuclear_cockpit_shield_NAN8-73.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/A-4E_VA-44_nuclear_cockpit_shield_NAN8-73.jpg/255px-A-4E_VA-44_nuclear_cockpit_shield_NAN8-73.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/A-4E_VA-44_nuclear_cockpit_shield_NAN8-73.jpg/340px-A-4E_VA-44_nuclear_cockpit_shield_NAN8-73.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Thermal cockpit shield for nuclear weapons delivery</figcaption></figure> <p>The Navy issued a contract for the type on 12 June 1952,<sup id="cite_ref-Gann_p99_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gann_p99-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first prototype first flew from <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> on 22 June 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-Elward_p25_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elward_p25-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deliveries to Navy (<a href="/wiki/VA-72_(U.S._Navy)" title="VA-72 (U.S. Navy)">VA-72</a>) and Marine Corps (<a href="/wiki/VMFA(AW)-224" title="VMFA(AW)-224">VMA-224</a>) squadrons commenced in late 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-Gann_p103_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gann_p103-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Skyhawk remained in production until 1979, with 2,960 aircraft built, including 555 two-seat <a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">trainers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gann_p100_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gann_p100-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last production A-4, an A-4M of Marine squadron <a href="/wiki/VMA-331" title="VMA-331">VMA-331</a> had the flags of all nations that operated the A-4 painted on its fuselage sides. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Skyhawk proved to be a relatively common United States Navy aircraft export. Due to its small size, it could be operated from older, smaller World War II-era aircraft carriers still used by smaller navies during the 1960s. These older ships were often unable to accommodate newer Navy fighters such as the <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-4 Phantom II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vought_F-8_Crusader" title="Vought F-8 Crusader">F-8 Crusader</a>, which were faster and more capable than the A-4, but significantly larger and heavier. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_TA-4J_Skyhawk_aboard_USS_Lexington_(AVT-16),_1_April_1989_(6445251).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Douglas_TA-4J_Skyhawk_aboard_USS_Lexington_%28AVT-16%29%2C_1_April_1989_%286445251%29.jpg/220px-Douglas_TA-4J_Skyhawk_aboard_USS_Lexington_%28AVT-16%29%2C_1_April_1989_%286445251%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Douglas_TA-4J_Skyhawk_aboard_USS_Lexington_%28AVT-16%29%2C_1_April_1989_%286445251%29.jpg/330px-Douglas_TA-4J_Skyhawk_aboard_USS_Lexington_%28AVT-16%29%2C_1_April_1989_%286445251%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Douglas_TA-4J_Skyhawk_aboard_USS_Lexington_%28AVT-16%29%2C_1_April_1989_%286445251%29.jpg/440px-Douglas_TA-4J_Skyhawk_aboard_USS_Lexington_%28AVT-16%29%2C_1_April_1989_%286445251%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2812" data-file-height="1798" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. Navy TA-4J Skyhawk of TW-3 on the deck of <a href="/wiki/USS_Lexington_(CV-16)" title="USS Lexington (CV-16)">USS <i>Lexington</i></a>, 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>The Navy operated the A-4 in both Regular Navy and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">Naval Reserve</a> light attack squadrons (VA). Although the A-4's use as a training and adversary aircraft would continue well into the 1990s, the Navy began removing the aircraft from its frontline attack squadrons in 1967, with the last ones (Super Foxes of VA-55/212/164) being retired in 1976. </p><p>The Marine Corps would not take the U.S. Navy's replacement, the <a href="/wiki/LTV_A-7_Corsair_II" title="LTV A-7 Corsair II">LTV A-7 Corsair II</a>, instead keeping Skyhawks in service with both Regular Marine Corps and <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Corps Reserve">Marine Corps Reserve</a> attack squadrons (VMA), and ordering the new A-4M model. The last USMC Skyhawk was delivered in 1979, and they were used until the mid-1980s before they were replaced by the equally small, but more versatile <a href="/wiki/STOVL" title="STOVL">STOVL</a> <a href="/wiki/AV-8_Harrier_II" class="mw-redirect" title="AV-8 Harrier II">AV-8 Harrier II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/VMA-131" title="VMA-131">VMA-131</a>, Marine Aircraft Group 49 (the Diamondbacks) retired its last four OA-4Ms on 22 June 1994. Trainer versions of the Skyhawk remained in Navy service, however, finding a new lease on life with the advent of "adversary training", where the nimble A-4 was used as a stand-in for the <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dissimilar_air_combat_training" title="Dissimilar air combat training">dissimilar air combat training</a> (DACT). It served in that role at <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Strike_Fighter_Tactics_Instructor_program#Fighter_Weapons_School" title="United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program">TOPGUN</a></i> until 1999. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_A-4F_154983_%271%27_BA_Pensac_04.08.75_edited-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Douglas_A-4F_154983_%271%27_BA_Pensac_04.08.75_edited-2.jpg/220px-Douglas_A-4F_154983_%271%27_BA_Pensac_04.08.75_edited-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Douglas_A-4F_154983_%271%27_BA_Pensac_04.08.75_edited-2.jpg/330px-Douglas_A-4F_154983_%271%27_BA_Pensac_04.08.75_edited-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Douglas_A-4F_154983_%271%27_BA_Pensac_04.08.75_edited-2.jpg/440px-Douglas_A-4F_154983_%271%27_BA_Pensac_04.08.75_edited-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption>A-4F Skyhawk of the <i>Blue Angels</i> U.S. Navy aerobatic team in 1975</figcaption></figure> <p>The A-4's nimble performance also made it suitable to replace the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II when the Navy downsized its aircraft for the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Angels" title="Blue Angels">Blue Angels</a> demonstration team, until <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornets</a> were available in the 1980s. The last U.S. Navy Skyhawks, TA-4J models belonging to the composite squadron VC-8, remained in military use for target towing, and as adversary aircraft, for combat training at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Roosevelt_Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Station Roosevelt Roads">Naval Station Roosevelt Roads</a>. These aircraft were officially retired on 3 May 2003. </p><p>Skyhawks were well loved by their crews for being tough and agile. These attributes, along with their low purchase and operating cost as well as easy maintenance, have contributed to the popularity of the A-4 with American and international armed forces. Besides the U.S., at least four other nations have used Skyhawks in combat (Argentina, Indonesia, Israel, and Kuwait). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vietnam_War_era">Vietnam War era</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vietnam War era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4C_Skyhawks_of_VA-146_fly_past_USS_Kearsarge_(CVS-33)_in_the_South_China_Sea_on_12_August_1964_(USN_1107965).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/A-4C_Skyhawks_of_VA-146_fly_past_USS_Kearsarge_%28CVS-33%29_in_the_South_China_Sea_on_12_August_1964_%28USN_1107965%29.jpg/220px-A-4C_Skyhawks_of_VA-146_fly_past_USS_Kearsarge_%28CVS-33%29_in_the_South_China_Sea_on_12_August_1964_%28USN_1107965%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/A-4C_Skyhawks_of_VA-146_fly_past_USS_Kearsarge_%28CVS-33%29_in_the_South_China_Sea_on_12_August_1964_%28USN_1107965%29.jpg/330px-A-4C_Skyhawks_of_VA-146_fly_past_USS_Kearsarge_%28CVS-33%29_in_the_South_China_Sea_on_12_August_1964_%28USN_1107965%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/A-4C_Skyhawks_of_VA-146_fly_past_USS_Kearsarge_%28CVS-33%29_in_the_South_China_Sea_on_12_August_1964_%28USN_1107965%29.jpg/440px-A-4C_Skyhawks_of_VA-146_fly_past_USS_Kearsarge_%28CVS-33%29_in_the_South_China_Sea_on_12_August_1964_%28USN_1107965%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5759" data-file-height="4468" /></a><figcaption>VA-146 A-4Cs over the Gulf of Tonkin in August 1964; <a href="/wiki/USS_Kearsarge_(CV-33)" title="USS Kearsarge (CV-33)">USS <i>Kearsarge</i></a> steams below</figcaption></figure> <p>Skyhawks were the U.S. Navy's primary light attack aircraft used over North Vietnam during the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>; later supplanted by the <a href="/wiki/LTV_A-7_Corsair_II" title="LTV A-7 Corsair II">A-7 Corsair II</a> in the U.S. Navy light attack role. Skyhawks carried out some of the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pierce_Arrow" title="Operation Pierce Arrow">first air strikes by the U.S. during the conflict</a>, and a Marine Skyhawk is believed to have dropped the last American bombs on the country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Notable naval aviators who flew the Skyhawk included <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Commander">Lieutenant Commanders</a> <a href="/wiki/Everett_Alvarez,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Everett Alvarez, Jr.">Everett Alvarez, Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Stockdale" title="James Stockdale">James Stockdale</a>. On 1 May 1967, an A-4C Skyhawk piloted by Lieutenant Commander Theodore R. Swartz of <a href="/wiki/VA-76_(U.S._Navy)" title="VA-76 (U.S. Navy)">VA-76</a> aboard the carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Bon_Homme_Richard_(CV-31)" title="USS Bon Homme Richard (CV-31)">USS <i>Bon Homme Richard</i></a>, shot down a North Vietnamese Air Force MiG-17 with an unguided <a href="/wiki/Zuni_(rocket)" title="Zuni (rocket)">Zuni rocket</a>, serving as the Skyhawk's only air-to-air victory of the Vietnam War.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossnick_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossnick-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1956 onwards, Navy Skyhawks were the first aircraft to be deployed outside of the U.S. armed with the AIM-9 Sidewinder.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On strike missions, the Skyhawk's normal role, air-to-air armaments were used for self-defense. In the early to mid-1960s, standard U.S. Navy A-4B Skyhawk squadrons were assigned to provide fighter protection for <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine warfare</a> aircraft operating from some <a href="/wiki/Essex-class_aircraft_carrier#Evolution_of_the_air_wing" title="Essex-class aircraft carrier"><i>Essex</i>-class</a> anti-submarine warfare carriers; these aircraft retained their ground- and sea-attack capabilities. The A-4B lacked an air-to-air radar, and it required visual identification of targets and guidance from either ships or an airborne <a href="/wiki/Grumman_E-1_Tracer" title="Grumman E-1 Tracer">Grumman E-1 Tracer</a> AEW aircraft. </p><p>Lightweight and safer to land on smaller decks, Skyhawks would later also play a similar role flying from Australian, Argentinean, and Brazilian upgraded World War II surplus light ASW carriers, which were unable to operate most large modern fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primary air-to-air armament consisted of the internal 20 mm (.79 in) Colt cannons and ability to carry an <a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9 Sidewinder</a> missile on both underwing hardpoints, later additions of two more underwing hardpoints on some aircraft made for a total capacity of four AAMs. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4E_attacking_train_in_North_Vietnam_c1965.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/A-4E_attacking_train_in_North_Vietnam_c1965.jpeg/220px-A-4E_attacking_train_in_North_Vietnam_c1965.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/A-4E_attacking_train_in_North_Vietnam_c1965.jpeg/330px-A-4E_attacking_train_in_North_Vietnam_c1965.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/A-4E_attacking_train_in_North_Vietnam_c1965.jpeg/440px-A-4E_attacking_train_in_North_Vietnam_c1965.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. Navy A-4E attacking a train in <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> with a <i>Zuni</i> rocket.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first combat loss of an A-4 occurred on 5 August 1964, when <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_junior_grade" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant junior grade">Lieutenant junior grade</a> <a href="/wiki/Everett_Alvarez,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Everett Alvarez, Jr.">Everett Alvarez</a>, of <a href="/wiki/VA-144_(U.S._Navy)" title="VA-144 (U.S. Navy)">VA-144</a> aboard <a href="/wiki/USS_Constellation_(CV-64)" title="USS Constellation (CV-64)">USS <i>Constellation</i></a>, was shot down while attacking enemy torpedo boats in <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>. Alvarez safely ejected after being hit by anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) fire, and became the first U.S. Naval POW of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorr_p34-6_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorr_p34-6-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was released as a POW on 12 February 1973. The last A-4 loss in the Vietnam War occurred on 26 September 1972, when USMC pilot <a href="/wiki/Captain_(land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (land)">Captain</a> James P. Walsh, USMC of <a href="/wiki/VMA-211" class="mw-redirect" title="VMA-211">VMA-211</a>, flying close air support from <a href="/wiki/Bien_Hoa_Air_Base" title="Bien Hoa Air Base">Bien Hoa Air Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>, was hit by ground fire during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_An_L%E1%BB%99c" title="Battle of An Lộc">Battle of An Lộc</a>. Captain Walsh ejected safely and was the last U.S. Marine to be taken prisoner during the war. He was released as a POW on 12 February 1973. </p><p>Although the first A-4Es were flown in Vietnam in early 1965, the A-4Cs continued to be used until late 1970. On 1 June 1965, the <a href="/wiki/Chu_Lai_Air_Base" title="Chu Lai Air Base">Chu Lai Short Airfield for Tactical Support</a> (SATS) was officially opened with the arrival of eight Skyhawks from <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Cubi_Point" title="Naval Air Station Cubi Point">Cubi Point</a>, Philippine Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group landed with the aid of arresting cables, refueled and took off with the aid of <a href="/wiki/JATO" title="JATO">JATO</a>, with fuel and bombs to support Marine combat units. The Skyhawks were from Marine Attack Squadron <a href="/wiki/VMA-225" class="mw-redirect" title="VMA-225">VMA-225</a> and <a href="/wiki/VMA-311" class="mw-redirect" title="VMA-311">VMA-311</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">Lieutenant commander</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Estocin" title="Michael J. Estocin">Michael J. Estocin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Attack_Squadron_192" class="mw-redirect" title="Attack Squadron 192">Attack Squadron 192</a> was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> for his actions while flying <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> (SAM) suppression during coordinated strikes against targets in <a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>, on 20 April and 26 April 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawks_aboard_USS_Hancock_(CVA-19)_on_25_May_1972_(6430106).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawks_aboard_USS_Hancock_%28CVA-19%29_on_25_May_1972_%286430106%29.jpg/220px-Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawks_aboard_USS_Hancock_%28CVA-19%29_on_25_May_1972_%286430106%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawks_aboard_USS_Hancock_%28CVA-19%29_on_25_May_1972_%286430106%29.jpg/330px-Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawks_aboard_USS_Hancock_%28CVA-19%29_on_25_May_1972_%286430106%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawks_aboard_USS_Hancock_%28CVA-19%29_on_25_May_1972_%286430106%29.jpg/440px-Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawks_aboard_USS_Hancock_%28CVA-19%29_on_25_May_1972_%286430106%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1998" /></a><figcaption>Armed A-4Fs on <a href="/wiki/USS_Hancock_(CV-19)" title="USS Hancock (CV-19)">USS <i>Hancock</i></a>, 1972</figcaption></figure> <p>On 29 July 1967, the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Forrestal" title="USS Forrestal">USS <i>Forrestal</i></a> was conducting combat operations in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Zuni_(rocket)" title="Zuni (rocket)">Zuni rocket</a> misfired, striking an external tank on an A-4. Fuel from the leaking tank caught fire, creating a massive <a href="/wiki/Conflagration" title="Conflagration">conflagration</a> that <a href="/wiki/1967_USS_Forrestal_fire" title="1967 USS Forrestal fire">burned for hours</a>, killing 134 sailors, and injuring 161. </p><p>During the conflict, 362 A-4/TA-4F Skyhawks were lost due to all causes. The U.S. Navy lost 271 A-4s, the U.S. Marine Corps lost 81 A-4s and 10 TA-4Fs. A total of 32 A-4s were lost to surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), and one A-4 was lost in aerial combat to a MiG-17 on 25 April 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Training_and_adversary_role">Training and adversary role</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Training and adversary role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Skyhawk, in the two-seat TA-4J configuration, was introduced to a training role replacing the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-9_Cougar" title="Grumman F-9 Cougar">TF-9J Cougar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_2056_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_2056-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TA-4J served as the advanced jet trainer in white and orange markings for decades until being replaced by the <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_T-45_Goshawk" title="McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk">T-45 Goshawk</a>. Additional TA-4Js were assigned to Instrument Training <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Replacement_Squadron" title="Fleet Replacement Squadron">RAGs</a> at all the Navy master jet bases under RCVW-12 and RCVW-4. The Instrument RAGs initially provided jet transition training for Naval Aviators during the time period when Naval Aviation still had a great number of propeller-driven aircraft and also provided annual instrument training and check rides for <a href="/wiki/Naval_Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Aviator">Naval Aviators</a>. The assigned TA-4J models were installed with collapsible hoods so the aviator under training had to demonstrate instrument flying skills without any outside reference. These units were <a href="/wiki/VF-126" title="VF-126">VF-126</a> at <a href="/wiki/NAS_Miramar" class="mw-redirect" title="NAS Miramar">NAS Miramar</a>, California; <a href="/wiki/VFA-127" title="VFA-127">VA-127</a> (later VFA-127; NAS FALLON, NV) at NAS Lemoore, California; <a href="/wiki/VF-43" title="VF-43">VF-43</a> at <a href="/wiki/NAS_Oceana" class="mw-redirect" title="NAS Oceana">NAS Oceana</a>, Virginia; and <a href="/wiki/VF-45_(1963-96)" class="mw-redirect" title="VF-45 (1963-96)">VA-45 (later VF-45)</a> at <a href="/wiki/NAS_Cecil_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="NAS Cecil Field">NAS Cecil Field</a>, Florida until its later move to <a href="/wiki/NAS_Key_West" class="mw-redirect" title="NAS Key West">NAS Key West</a>, Florida. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4Fs_VFC-13_1993.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/A-4Fs_VFC-13_1993.JPEG/220px-A-4Fs_VFC-13_1993.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/A-4Fs_VFC-13_1993.JPEG/330px-A-4Fs_VFC-13_1993.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/A-4Fs_VFC-13_1993.JPEG/440px-A-4Fs_VFC-13_1993.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2694" data-file-height="1775" /></a><figcaption>VFC-13 adversary A-4Fs at NAS Fallon, 1993</figcaption></figure> <p>Additional single-seat Skyhawks were also assigned to composite squadrons (VC) worldwide to provide training and other services to deployed units. These included VC-1 at <a href="/wiki/Kalaeloa_Airport" title="Kalaeloa Airport">NAS Barbers Point</a>, Hawaii; VC-7 at <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Miramar#Naval_Air_Station" title="Marine Corps Air Station Miramar">NAS Miramar</a>, California; VC-5 at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Cubi_Point" title="Naval Air Station Cubi Point">NAS Cubi Point</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>; VC-8 at <a href="/wiki/NS_Roosevelt_Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="NS Roosevelt Roads">NS Roosevelt Roads</a>, Puerto Rico; VC-10 at <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">NAVBASE Guantánamo Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, and Naval Reserve squadrons VC-12 (later VFC-12) at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Oceana" title="Naval Air Station Oceana">NAS Oceana</a>, Virginia and VC-13 (later VFC-13) at NAS Miramar, California until its later move to <a href="/wiki/NAS_Fallon" class="mw-redirect" title="NAS Fallon">NAS Fallon</a>, Nevada. </p><p>With renewed emphasis on Air Combat Maneuvering (ACM) training brought on with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Navy_Fighter_Weapons_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy Fighter Weapons School">Navy Fighter Weapons School</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/TOPGUN" class="mw-redirect" title="TOPGUN">TOPGUN</a></i>) in 1969, the availability of Skyhawks in both the Instrument RAGs and Composite Squadrons at the master jet bases presented a ready resource of the nimble Skyhawks that had become the TOPGUN preferred surrogate for the MiG-17. At the time, the F-4 Phantom was just beginning to be exploited to its full potential as a fighter and had not performed as well as expected against the smaller North Vietnamese MiG-17 and <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">MiG-21</a> opponents. TOPGUN introduced the notion of <a href="/wiki/Dissimilar_air_combat_training" title="Dissimilar air combat training">dissimilar air combat training</a> (DACT) using modified A-4E/Fs. Modified aircraft, called "Mongoose", lost the dorsal hump, the 20 mm cannon with their ammo systems, and the external stores, although sometimes the centerline station was kept. The slats were fixed.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The small size of the Skyhawk and superb low speed handling in the hands of a well trained aviator made it ideal to teach fleet aviators the finer points of DACT. The squadrons eventually began to display vivid threat type paint schemes signifying their transition into the primary role of Adversary training. To better perform the Adversary role, single-seat A-4E and F models were introduced to the role, but the ultimate adversary Skyhawk was the Super Fox, which was equipped with the uprated J52-P-408 engine. This variant had entered service in 1974 with VA-55/VA-164/VA-212 on the final USS <i>Hancock</i> cruise and had been the variant that the Blue Angels had selected in 1973. </p><p>The surplus of former USMC Skyhawks resulted in A-4M versions being used by both VF-126 and TOPGUN. Even though the A-4 was augmented by the <a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">F-5E</a>, <a href="/wiki/IAI_Kfir" title="IAI Kfir">F-21 (Kfir)</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16</a>, and F/A-18 in the adversary role, the A-4 remained a viable threat surrogate until it was retired by VF-43 in 1993 and shortly thereafter by VFC-12. The last A-4 fleet operators were VC-8, which retired its Skyhawks in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_2112_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_2112-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The A-4M was also operated by the Operations Maintenance Detachment (OMD) in an adversary role based at <a href="/wiki/NAS_Dallas" class="mw-redirect" title="NAS Dallas">NAS Dallas</a>, Texas for the Naval Air Reserve. Many of the aviators that flew the four jets were attached to NAS Dallas, including the Commanding Officer of the air station. The aircraft were instrumental in training and development of ACM for Naval Air Reserve fighter squadrons VF-201 and VF-202 flying the F-4 Phantom II and later the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">Grumman F-14 Tomcat</a>. The unit also completed several missions involving target towing to NAS Key West, Florida; <a href="/wiki/NAS_Kingsville" class="mw-redirect" title="NAS Kingsville">NAS Kingsville</a>, Texas, and deployments to NAS Miramar, California and NAS Fallon, Nevada for adversary support. The detachment was under the operational command of the Commander Fleet Logistics Support Wing (CFLSW), also based at NAS Dallas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IAF_A-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/IAF_A-4.jpg/220px-IAF_A-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/IAF_A-4.jpg/330px-IAF_A-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/IAF_A-4.jpg/440px-IAF_A-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption>An IAF TA-4H takeoff. Note the extended tailpipe.</figcaption></figure> <p>Israel was the largest export customer for the Skyhawk.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1478_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1478-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Israeli request for the type was issued in 1964; it would not be until February 1966 that the U.S. agreed to supply Skyhawks under certain conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_148_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_148-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. gradually provided numerous conventional munitions to arm the aircraft with, but was initially limited, refusing to supply <a href="/wiki/Cluster_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster bomb">cluster bombs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Napalm" title="Napalm">napalm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_185_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_185-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Skyhawk became the first U.S. warplane to be offered to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> (IAF), marking the point where the U.S took over France as Israel's chief military supplier. Deliveries began after the Six-Day War, and A-4s soon formed the backbone of the IAF's ground-attack force. In IAF service, the Skyhawk was named as the <i>Ayit</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">עיט</span> for <a href="/wiki/Eagle" title="Eagle">Eagle</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4_chute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/A-4_chute.jpg/220px-A-4_chute.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/A-4_chute.jpg/330px-A-4_chute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/A-4_chute.jpg/440px-A-4_chute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>IAF A-4N Skyhawk drogue parachute landing in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>The aircraft had a relatively low cost, a quarter of what a Phantom II cost, while carrying half of its payload. Israel purchased 217 A-4s, plus another 46 that were transferred from U.S. units in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Nickel_Grass" title="Operation Nickel Grass">Operation Nickel Grass</a> to compensate for large losses during the Yom Kippur War.<sup id="cite_ref-a4skyhawk.org_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a4skyhawk.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_154_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_154-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first deliveries took place in December 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1489_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1489-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skyhawks promptly began to replace <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Ouragan" title="Dassault Ouragan">Dassault Ouragan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Myst%C3%A8re_IV" title="Dassault Mystère IV">Dassault Mystère IV</a> in IAF service, providing greater speed, range, and lift capacity in comparison to these older types. The first combat mission took place on 15 February 1968, attacking artillery and military bases along the border with <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_14950_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_14950-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1960s and 1970s, IAF Skyhawks were the primary ground attack aircraft in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1523_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1523-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During July 1969, in response to Egyptian shelling of Israeli positions in the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>, air strikes were conducted against Egyptian missile sites.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1823_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1823-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 February 1970, Skyhawks attacked the Egyptian port of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gardaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gardaka (page does not exist)">Gardaka</a>, sinking a <a href="/wiki/Minelayer" title="Minelayer">minelayer</a> as a result. Furthermore, skirmishes between IAF Skyhawks and Arab aircraft of various sorts frequently occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_183_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_183-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1970, an Israeli Skyhawk piloted by Col. Ezra Dotan shot down two MiG-17s over south Lebanon (one with unguided rockets, the other with 30 mm cannon fire) even though the Skyhawk's head-up display had no "air-to-air mode".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1835_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1835-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, up to three Skyhawks were downed by Egyptian MiG-21s, plus two were downed by Soviet-piloted MiG-21s during the War of Attrition.<sup id="cite_ref-acig.info_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acig.info-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawk_Ayit_F_(468970264).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawk_Ayit_F_%28468970264%29.jpg/220px-McDonnell_Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawk_Ayit_F_%28468970264%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawk_Ayit_F_%28468970264%29.jpg/330px-McDonnell_Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawk_Ayit_F_%28468970264%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawk_Ayit_F_%28468970264%29.jpg/440px-McDonnell_Douglas_A-4F_Skyhawk_Ayit_F_%28468970264%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>An Israeli Air Force A-4H Skyhawk on display</figcaption></figure> <p>During the Yom Kippur War, IAF Skyhawks carried out numerous bombing missions, flying a considerable proportion of the tactical sorties made throughout the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1856_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1856-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority of losses incurred were from <a href="/wiki/Surface_to_air_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface to air missile">surface to air missiles</a> (SAMs); as many of 30 IAF aircraft were lost in a single day while resisting Egyptian and Syrian advances.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_186_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_186-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To counter the radar-guided SAM threat, the Skyhawk's <a href="/wiki/Air_brake_(aeronautics)" title="Air brake (aeronautics)">air brakes</a> were used as improvised <a href="/wiki/Chaff_(countermeasure)" title="Chaff (countermeasure)">chaff</a> dispensers. Improvements in tactics, such as the adoption of toss-bombing attacks, were also adopted in the latter part of the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_187_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_187-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ACIG.org claims that at least nine Skyhawks were downed by <a href="/wiki/MiG-21" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-21">MiG-21</a> and <a href="/wiki/MiG-17" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-17">MiG-17</a> fighters during the Yom Kippur War.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-acig.info_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acig.info-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formal Israeli sources claim only five IAF aircraft of any type were shot down in air-to-air duels.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A special version of the A-4 was developed for the IAF, the A-4H. This was an A-4E which featured improved avionics and the improved thrust <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J52" title="Pratt & Whitney J52">J52-P-8A</a> engine. Armament consisted of twin DEFA 30 mm cannon in place of the Colt Mk.12 20 mm cannons. Later modifications included the avionics hump and an extended tailpipe. The extended tailpipe gave greater protection against heat-seeking surface-to-air missiles.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_18990_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_18990-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 90 A-4Hs were delivered.<sup id="cite_ref-a4skyhawk.org_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a4skyhawk.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1973, the improved A-4N Skyhawk for Israel entered service, based on the A-4M models used by the U.S. Marine Corps. The different model Skyhawks carried out bombing missions in the Yom Kippur War, and a considerable proportion of the tactical sorties. They also attacked in Operation Peace for the Galilee, and one of them shot down a Syrian MiG-17. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyhawk_israel_older_efi_E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Skyhawk_israel_older_efi_E.jpg/220px-Skyhawk_israel_older_efi_E.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Skyhawk_israel_older_efi_E.jpg/330px-Skyhawk_israel_older_efi_E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Skyhawk_israel_older_efi_E.jpg/440px-Skyhawk_israel_older_efi_E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1055" /></a><figcaption>IAF A-4Ns awaiting disposal in 2009 following their retirement</figcaption></figure> <p>The IAF also operated two-seat models, for operations as well as advanced training and retraining. The first training models arrived in 1967, with the first batch of Skyhawks. During the Yom Kippur War, the Skyhawk order of battle was reinforced with TA-4F and TA-4J models.<sup id="cite_ref-a4skyhawk.org_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a4skyhawk.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2003, the IAF selected <a href="/wiki/RADA_Electronic_Industries" title="RADA Electronic Industries">RADA Electronic Industries Ltd.</a> to upgrade its A-4 trainer fleet with weapon delivery, navigation and training systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_158_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_158-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Integration of a multifunction and Head-up Display produced an advanced Lead in fighter trainer for the IAF's future fighter pilots.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to acig.org, Syria claimed that two Israeli Skyhawks were downed by Syrian <a href="/wiki/MiG-23" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-23">MiG-23s</a> over northern Lebanon on 26 April 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, official IAF statistics do not list any downing of Israeli warplanes since the Yom Kippur War,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and no loss of aircraft was reported on that date. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a>, an Israeli A-4 piloted by Aharon Achiaz was shot down over Lebanon by a SA-7 on 6 June 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tetro_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tetro-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel reported this was one of its only two fixed-wing aircraft shot down over the <a href="/wiki/Beqaa_Valley" title="Beqaa Valley">Beqaa Valley</a> during air battles spanning from 6 June 1982 to 11 June 1982 where 150 aircraft took part, including the battle on 9 June 1982 known as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mole_Cricket_19" title="Operation Mole Cricket 19">Operation Mole Cricket 19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tetro_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tetro-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2008, it was decided that, due to maintenance issues, the Skyhawk fleet would be withdrawn and replaced by more modern aircraft, able to perform equally well in the training role and, if required, close support and interdiction missions on the battlefield.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of Israel's A-4s were later exported to <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. The Skyhawks have been replaced by F-16s in combat roles but are still used for pilot training. All the remaining A-4s were to be fully phased out beginning by 2014 as the IAF accepts delivery of <a href="/wiki/Alenia_Aermacchi_M-346_Master" title="Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master">Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master</a> jets.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JPost_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPost-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skyhawks were last used in combat operations in the Israeli air force in 2012, when they dropped <a href="/wiki/Airborne_leaflet_propaganda" title="Airborne leaflet propaganda">leaflets</a> over Gaza.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2013, Israel began a program called <i>Teuza</i> (boldness) for the purpose of turning some military bases into sales lots for obsolete IDF equipment. Older models that are not suited for Israel's modern high-tech forces will be sold off, or sold for scrap if there are no buyers. Skyhawks are among those being offered.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_158_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_158-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 December 2015, all remaining IAF Skyhawks were retired from service. The retirement ceremony took place at <a href="/wiki/Hatzerim_Airbase" title="Hatzerim Airbase">Hatzerim</a> IDF base.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk" title="Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk">Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk</a></div> <p>Argentina was the first foreign user of the Skyhawk and had nearly 130 A-4s delivered since 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_175_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_175-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentine Air Force</a> received 25 A-4Bs in 1966 and another 25 in 1970, all refurbished in the United States by Lockheed Service Co. prior to their delivery as <i>A-4P</i>, although they were still locally known as <i>A-4B</i>. They had three weapon pylons and served in the 5th Air Brigade (Spanish: <i lang="es">V Brigada Aérea</i>). During 1976, 25 A-4Cs were ordered to replace the <a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">North American F-86 Sabres</a> still in service in the 4th Air Brigade (Spanish: <i lang="es">IV Brigada Aérea</i>). They were received <i>as is</i> and refurbished to flight status by Air Force technicians at <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Cuarto,_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Río Cuarto, Córdoba">Río Cuarto</a>, Córdoba. The C model had five weapon pylons and could use AIM-9B Sidewinder <a href="/wiki/Air-to-air_missile" title="Air-to-air missile">air-to-air missiles</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3-A302_Restaurado_por_el_Museo_de_la_Aviacion_Naval_Argentina.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/3-A302_Restaurado_por_el_Museo_de_la_Aviacion_Naval_Argentina.JPG/220px-3-A302_Restaurado_por_el_Museo_de_la_Aviacion_Naval_Argentina.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/3-A302_Restaurado_por_el_Museo_de_la_Aviacion_Naval_Argentina.JPG/330px-3-A302_Restaurado_por_el_Museo_de_la_Aviacion_Naval_Argentina.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/3-A302_Restaurado_por_el_Museo_de_la_Aviacion_Naval_Argentina.JPG/440px-3-A302_Restaurado_por_el_Museo_de_la_Aviacion_Naval_Argentina.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>Argentine Navy A-4Q 0655/3-A-202 in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Naval_Aviation" title="Argentine Naval Aviation">Argentine Naval Aviation</a> also bought the Skyhawk known as <i>A-4Q</i> in the form of 16 A-4Bs in 1972, which unlike the Air Force's A-4Ps, were powered by 8,400 lbf (40 kN) J-65-W-20 engines and fitted to use Sidewinder air-to-air missiles. They were received in 1972 to be used mainly from the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/ARA_Veinticinco_de_Mayo_(V-2)" title="ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (V-2)">ARA <i>Veinticinco de Mayo</i></a> by the 3rd Fighter/Attack Squadron (Spanish: <i lang="es">3ra Escuadrilla Aeronaval de Caza y Ataque</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Gann_pt_2_p134_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gann_pt_2_p134-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Elward_p157_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elward_p157-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first combat use of Argentina's Skyhawks took place amid a military revolt during December 1975, performing a single strike against rebels in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_175_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_175-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. placed an embargo of spare parts in 1977 due to the <a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> backing the Humphrey-Kennedy amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1976, the Carter administration placed an embargo on the sale of arms and spare parts to Argentina and on the training of its military personnel (which was lifted in the 1990s under <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Menem" title="Carlos Menem">Carlos Menem</a>'s presidency when Argentina became a <a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">major non-NATO ally</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ejection seats did not work and there were many other mechanical faults.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of this, A-4s were still active during the 1982 <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Falklands_War">Falklands War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Falklands War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Argentine_air_forces_in_the_Falklands_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine air forces in the Falklands War">Argentine air forces in the Falklands War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Argentine_A-4C_parked_during_Falklands_War_1982.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Argentine_A-4C_parked_during_Falklands_War_1982.jpeg/220px-Argentine_A-4C_parked_during_Falklands_War_1982.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Argentine_A-4C_parked_during_Falklands_War_1982.jpeg/330px-Argentine_A-4C_parked_during_Falklands_War_1982.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Argentine_A-4C_parked_during_Falklands_War_1982.jpeg/440px-Argentine_A-4C_parked_during_Falklands_War_1982.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>Argentine Air Force A-4C, May 1982</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1982 <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>, Argentina deployed 48 Skyhawks (26 A-4B, 12 A-4C and 10 A-4Q aircraft).<sup id="cite_ref-Chant_p.76_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chant_p.76-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armed with <a href="/wiki/Gravity_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity bomb">unguided bombs</a> and lacking any electronic or missile self-defense, the Skyhawk could not effectively <a href="/wiki/Dogfight" title="Dogfight">dogfight</a> with <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> (FAA) <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_Sea_Harrier" title="British Aerospace Sea Harrier">British Aerospace Sea Harriers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1767_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1767-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentine Air Force</a> Skyhawks conducted numerous bombing missions against <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> vessels, sinking the <a href="/wiki/Type_42_destroyer" title="Type 42 destroyer">Type 42 destroyer</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Coventry_(D118)" title="HMS Coventry (D118)"><i>Coventry</i></a> and inflicted a variety of damage on several others: <a href="/wiki/Type_21_frigate" title="Type 21 frigate">Type 21 frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Antelope_(F170)" title="HMS Antelope (F170)"><i>Antelope</i></a> (subsequently sunk during attempted disposal of unexploded bombs), <a href="/wiki/RFA_Sir_Galahad_(1966)" title="RFA Sir Galahad (1966)">RFA <i>Sir Galahad</i></a> (subsequently scuttled as a war grave), Type 42 <a href="/wiki/HMS_Glasgow_(D88)" title="HMS Glasgow (D88)"><i>Glasgow</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Leander-class_frigate" title="Leander-class frigate"><i>Leander</i>-class frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Argonaut_(F56)" title="HMS Argonaut (F56)"><i>Argonaut</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Type_22_frigate" title="Type 22 frigate">Type 22 frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Broadsword_(F88)" title="HMS Broadsword (F88)"><i>Broadsword</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/RFA_Sir_Tristram" title="RFA Sir Tristram">RFA <i>Sir Tristram</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_17682_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_17682-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Navy" title="Argentine Navy">Argentine Navy</a> A-4Qs, flying from <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Grande,_Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego">Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego</a> naval air station, also played a role in the bombing attacks against British ships, destroying the Type 21 <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ardent_(F184)" title="HMS Ardent (F184)"><i>Ardent</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In all, 22 Skyhawks (10 A-4Bs, nine A-4Cs, and three A-4Qs) were lost to all causes in the six-week-long war.<sup id="cite_ref-Elward_p158_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elward_p158-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These losses included eight to FAA Sea Harriers, seven to ship-launched surface-to-air missiles, four to ground-launched surface-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft fire (including one to "<a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a>"), and three to crashes.<sup id="cite_ref-Chant_p.76_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chant_p.76-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_182_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_182-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to aviation author Jim Winchester, the Skyhawk was the most effective Argentine aircraft of the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_182_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_182-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postwar">Postwar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Postwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4AR_Fightinghawk_of_the_Argentinian_Air_Force_(11091968456).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/A-4AR_Fightinghawk_of_the_Argentinian_Air_Force_%2811091968456%29.jpg/220px-A-4AR_Fightinghawk_of_the_Argentinian_Air_Force_%2811091968456%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/A-4AR_Fightinghawk_of_the_Argentinian_Air_Force_%2811091968456%29.jpg/330px-A-4AR_Fightinghawk_of_the_Argentinian_Air_Force_%2811091968456%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/A-4AR_Fightinghawk_of_the_Argentinian_Air_Force_%2811091968456%29.jpg/440px-A-4AR_Fightinghawk_of_the_Argentinian_Air_Force_%2811091968456%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A-4AR Fightinghawk, 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>After the war, Argentine Air Force A-4Ps and A-4Cs survivors were upgraded under the <i>Halcón</i> (Spanish for "falcon") program with 30 mm (1.2 in) <a href="/wiki/DEFA_cannon" title="DEFA cannon">DEFA cannons</a>, air-to-air missiles, and other minor details, and merged into the 5th Air Brigade. All of these were withdrawn from service in 1999, and they were replaced with 36 of the much-improved <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk" title="Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk">Lockheed Martin OA/A-4AR Fightinghawk</a> (rebuilt and modernised ex USMC A-4M).<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_182_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_182-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several TA-4J and A-4E airframes were also delivered under the A-4AR program, mainly for spare parts use. The A-4AR was in service between the late 1990s and 2016 when the majority of the fleet was grounded for serviceability and age. A small number of airframes remained in service for limited roles. Three aircraft were lost to accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, the United States vetoed the delivery by <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> of 24 A-4Hs for the Argentine Navy as the A-4Q replacement. The A-4Qs were finally retired in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuwait">Kuwait</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Kuwait"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During November 1974, the Kuwaiti government announced its intention to purchase 36 new-build Skyhawks, along with AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles, support apparatus, and spares in exchange for $250 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_142_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_142-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of aircraft were supplied as single-seat A-4KUs while a handful of twin-seat TA-4KUs were also procured. By the end of 1978, all aircraft had been delivered and entered service with the <a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Air_Force" title="Kuwait Air Force">Kuwaiti Air Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1423_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1423-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1984, Kuwait reportedly put its Skyhawk fleet up for sale, but none were actually sold around this time.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_143_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_143-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4KUs_13Feb1991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/A-4KUs_13Feb1991.jpg/220px-A-4KUs_13Feb1991.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/A-4KUs_13Feb1991.jpg/330px-A-4KUs_13Feb1991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/A-4KUs_13Feb1991.jpg/440px-A-4KUs_13Feb1991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2723" data-file-height="1718" /></a><figcaption>Kuwaiti A-4KUs on the flight line, 1991</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1991, Kuwaiti Skyhawks participated in <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Operation Desert Storm</a>. When Iraq invaded Kuwait, all available Skyhawks conducted attack missions against the advancing Iraqi forces, being operated from deserted roads after their bases were overrun; numerous Iraqi assault helicopters were destroyed by the Skyhawks prior to their withdrawal.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1901_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1901-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As many as five aircraft were captured on the ground by Iraqi forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_143_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_143-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty-four of the 29 A-4KUs that remained in service with Kuwait escaped to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>. These Skyhawks (along with escaped <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_F1" title="Dassault Mirage F1">Dassault Mirage F1s</a>) operated as the <i>Free Kuwait Air Force</i>, flying 1,361 sorties during the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation of Kuwait">liberation of Kuwait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Elward_p164_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elward_p164-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty-three A-4s survived the conflict and the Iraqi invasion,<sup id="cite_ref-Gann_pt_2_p142_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gann_pt_2_p142-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with only one A-4KU (KAF-828, BuNo. 160207) shot down by Iraqi radar-guided SAM on 17 January 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_141_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_141-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pilot, Mohammed Mubarak, ejected and was taken prisoner.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the early 1990s, as Kuwait awaited delivery of more capable <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet</a>, protracted efforts were made to sell its remaining Skyhawks.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_143_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_143-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assisted by the U.S. State Department, fruitless negotiations took place with both <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>; in 1998, the fleet was sold to Brazil, where they served aboard the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_aircraft_carrier_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(A12)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian aircraft carrier São Paulo (A12)">NAe <i>São Paulo</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_143_81-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_143-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prior to its decommissioning in February 2017.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4G_Skyhawk" title="McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk">McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk</a></div> <p>Twenty A-4G Skyhawks were purchased by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> for operation from <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Melbourne_(R21)" title="HMAS Melbourne (R21)">HMAS <i>Melbourne</i></a>. The aircraft were acquired in two batches of 10, in 1967 and 1971, and were primarily used to provide air defence for the fleet. Ten of the A-4Gs were destroyed in accidents, and all the survivors were sold to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a> in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1378_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1378-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk_in_New_Zealand_service" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk in New Zealand service">Douglas A-4 Skyhawk in New Zealand service</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4K_75_Sqn_RNZAF_at_Clark_AB_1982.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/A-4K_75_Sqn_RNZAF_at_Clark_AB_1982.JPEG/220px-A-4K_75_Sqn_RNZAF_at_Clark_AB_1982.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/A-4K_75_Sqn_RNZAF_at_Clark_AB_1982.JPEG/330px-A-4K_75_Sqn_RNZAF_at_Clark_AB_1982.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/A-4K_75_Sqn_RNZAF_at_Clark_AB_1982.JPEG/440px-A-4K_75_Sqn_RNZAF_at_Clark_AB_1982.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2770" data-file-height="1850" /></a><figcaption>A RNZAF A-4K in 1982</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1960s, New Zealand considered various aircraft types, such as the <a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5_Freedom_Fighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop F-5 Freedom Fighter">Northrop F-5 Freedom Fighter</a> and the F-4 Phantom II, before choosing to order 14 Skyhawks for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a> (RNZAF) under a $23 million deal for the aircraft themselves, spare parts, support, and initial training.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_133_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_133-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, 10 single-seat A-4Ks and 4 TA-4Ks were delivered to the RNZAF, joining <a href="/wiki/No._75_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 75 Squadron RNZAF">No. 75 Squadron</a>. Various early modifications were made, including the adoption of a cranked aerial refueling probe in place of the straight counterpart initially used.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1334_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1334-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various overseas deployments, often to conduct <a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a> exercises, were conducted by the Skyhawk fleet throughout the 1970s and 1980s, often being escorted by up to three C-130 Hercules transport planes (carrying spares, support equipment, and ground crew) and a P-3 Orion to assist in navigation and communication.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_134_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_134-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, additional Skyhawks were acquired in the form of 8 A-4Gs and 2 TA-4Gs from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> in 1984, which allowed a second Skyhawk-equipped squadron, <a href="/wiki/No._2_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 2 Squadron RNZAF">No. 2 Squadron</a>, to be formed.<sup id="cite_ref-Gann_pt_2_p139-0_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gann_pt_2_p139-0-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1986, <a href="/wiki/Project_Kahu" title="Project Kahu">Project Kahu</a> was launched to upgrade the RNZAF's Skyhawks with new avionics, including an <a href="/wiki/AN/APG-66" title="AN/APG-66">AN/APG-66</a> NZ radar based on that used by the <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16" class="mw-redirect" title="General Dynamics F-16">F-16</a>, and weapons, as a lower-cost alternative to buying new replacements.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1378_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1378-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All 10 ex-RAN and the 12 surviving original RNZAF aircraft were converted to the A-4K Kahu standard.<sup id="cite_ref-Elward_p169-0_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elward_p169-0-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to its primary duties, the type became heavily involved in training not just for the RNZAF but also RAN, the latter financially contributing to their operating costs through the 1990s as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_13840_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_13840-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 2001, the three Air Combat Force squadrons (Nos. 2, 14, and 75) were disbanded and the Skyhawks put into storage awaiting sale.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were maintained, with occasional servicing flights, and then moved to <a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Woodbourne" title="RNZAF Base Woodbourne">RNZAF Base Woodbourne</a>, where they were preserved in protective latex.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1402_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1402-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Draken_International" title="Draken International">Draken International</a> signed an agreement with the New Zealand government in 2012 to purchase eight A-4Ks and associated equipment for its adversary training services. Six were former RAN A-4G airframes<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which as carrier aircraft had logged significantly fewer flying hours.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were subsequently relocated to the U.S. at Draken's <a href="/wiki/Lakeland_Linder_International_Airport" title="Lakeland Linder International Airport">Lakeland Linder International Airport</a> facility in <a href="/wiki/Lakeland,_Florida" title="Lakeland, Florida">Lakeland, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other A-4K aircraft were given to museums in New Zealand and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZAFShyhawkSale_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZAFShyhawkSale-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4_Skyhawk_Patrol_TNI-AU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/A-4_Skyhawk_Patrol_TNI-AU.jpg/220px-A-4_Skyhawk_Patrol_TNI-AU.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/A-4_Skyhawk_Patrol_TNI-AU.jpg/330px-A-4_Skyhawk_Patrol_TNI-AU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/A-4_Skyhawk_Patrol_TNI-AU.jpg/440px-A-4_Skyhawk_Patrol_TNI-AU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1208" /></a><figcaption>Indonesian A-4Es during a patrol</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the declining relationship between Indonesia and the Soviet Union after the events of <a href="/wiki/30_September_Movement" title="30 September Movement">G30S</a>, there was a lack of <a href="/wiki/Spare_part" title="Spare part">spare parts</a> for military hardware supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Communist Bloc</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_144_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_144-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, many of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force" title="Indonesian Air Force">Indonesian Air Force</a>'s modern combat aircraft, such as its <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan" title="Mikoyan">MiGs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bomber</a> fleet consisting of <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" title="Ilyushin Il-28">Il-28 Beagles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" title="Tupolev Tu-16">Tu-16 Badgers</a>, were effectively inoperable by the early 1970s, and were subsequently grounded. During May 1978, U.S. vice-president <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> offered 16 Skyhawks to Indonesia; during the following year, Indonesian proceeded to acquire Skyhawks via <a href="/wiki/Operation_Alpha_(Indonesia)" title="Operation Alpha (Indonesia)">a covert, joint operation with Israel</a>. The operation was done confidentially because the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Indonesia–Israel relations">two countries had no official diplomatic relations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1445_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1445-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These A-4s were chosen because the IDF were planning to retire its A-4 squadrons. Some of the Israeli-built <a href="/wiki/Avionics" title="Avionics">avionics</a> were stripped from the aircraft prior to being transferred.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_145_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_145-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 1982, an additional 15 Skyhawks were purchased directly from U.S. stocks, undergoing refurbishment prior to delivery under a $27 million deal.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_145_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_145-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several more twin-seat Skyhawks were procured during the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_175_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_175-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two squadrons operated the A-4 Skyhawks, the 11th Air Squadron at <a href="/wiki/Iswahjudi_Air_Force_Base" title="Iswahjudi Air Force Base">Iswahjudi Air Force Base</a> in East Java and 12th Air Squadron at <a href="/wiki/Roesmin_Nurjadin_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Roesmin Nurjadin Air Force Base">Roesmin Nurjadin Air Force Base</a> in Riau.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4_Skyhawk_Air_Refuelling_TNI-AU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/A-4_Skyhawk_Air_Refuelling_TNI-AU.jpg/220px-A-4_Skyhawk_Air_Refuelling_TNI-AU.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/A-4_Skyhawk_Air_Refuelling_TNI-AU.jpg/330px-A-4_Skyhawk_Air_Refuelling_TNI-AU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/A-4_Skyhawk_Air_Refuelling_TNI-AU.jpg/440px-A-4_Skyhawk_Air_Refuelling_TNI-AU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1969" data-file-height="1504" /></a><figcaption>Two Indonesian A-4 Skyhawks being refueled by a KC-130B, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1990s</span></figcaption></figure> <p>A flight of four A-4 Skyhawks were deployed to <a href="/wiki/East_Timor_(province)" title="East Timor (province)">East Timor</a> for <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_occupation_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian occupation of East Timor">counter-insurgency operations</a> in a six months combat tour between 1985–1986. During the deployment, they were based at <a href="/wiki/Baucau_Airport" title="Baucau Airport">Baucau Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Skyhawks were mostly armed with 500 lbs (230 kg) <a href="/wiki/Mark_82_bomb" title="Mark 82 bomb">Mark 82 bombs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 November 1987, the Indonesian Air Force launched a long-range strike mission against targets in East Timor using the Skyhawks. A flight of five A-4s, each armed with six 500 lbs Mark 82 bombs, two <a href="/wiki/Folding-Fin_Aerial_Rocket" title="Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket">LAU-68</a> rocket pods, and two external fuel tanks, departed <a href="/wiki/Iswahjudi_Air_Force_Base" title="Iswahjudi Air Force Base">Iswahjudi Air Force Base</a> in East Java for two and a half hour flight to East Timor. The flight was supported by a <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_KC-130" title="Lockheed Martin KC-130">KC-130B Hercules</a> for aerial refueling. The five A-4s attacked 30 designated targets in the Eastern Sector near <a href="/wiki/Baucau" title="Baucau">Baucau</a>, and then landed at Baucau Airport.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1999, there were only 19 aircraft left operational, partially due to a lack of spare parts. The arrival of <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-27" title="Sukhoi Su-27">Sukhoi Su-27s</a> during 2003 quickly led to the withdrawal of the Indonesian Air Force's remaining Skyhawks.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_147_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_147-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 August 2004, three A-4 Skyhawks with tail numbers TT-0431, TT-0440, and TL-0416 from 11th Air Squadron, based at <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Hasanuddin_International_Airport" title="Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport">Sultan Hasanuddin Air Force Base</a> in <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a>, flew in the skies of Indonesia for the last time with the destination of <a href="/wiki/Adisutjipto_Airport" title="Adisutjipto Airport">Adisutjipto Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, a sizeable number of the A-4s are preserved as museum pieces, monuments, or <a href="/wiki/Gate_guardian" title="Gate guardian">gate guardians</a>; for example one is displayed in <a href="/wiki/Satriamandala_Museum" title="Satriamandala Museum">Satria Mandala Military Museum</a>, and the other in the <a href="/wiki/Dirgantara_Mandala_Museum" title="Dirgantara Mandala Museum">Dirgantara Mandala Air Force Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1982, Malaysia purchased 80 refurbished A-4C and A-4L under a modernization program called PERISTA. Forty of the airframes were upgraded with the Hughes AN/ASB-19 Angle Rate Bombing System, air refueling capability, and increased payload, while the rest were kept in the U.S. as a reserve and as a source of spare parts. This modified version was redesignated as A-4PTM and were unique to Malaysia. Deliveries took place between 1984 and 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_169_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_169-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Skyhawks were operated by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Air_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Air Force">Royal Malaysian Air Force</a> (RMAF), serving in the No.6 and No.9 RMAF Squadrons, based at <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Haji_Ahmad_Shah_Airport" title="Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Airport">Kuantan air base</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_169_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_169-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the late 1980s, Argentina attempted to <a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">barter</a> for Skyhawks from Malaysia in exchange for <a href="/wiki/FMA_IA-63_Pampa" title="FMA IA-63 Pampa">FMA IA-63 Pampa</a> aircraft and ground vehicles, but no such transaction took place.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_169_120-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_169-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in RMAF service, the type suffered from frequent maintenance issues and a high accident rate; it is believed that this contributed to the type's relatively short service life.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_16970_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_16970-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, the Skyhawk fleet was retired and remaining examples were stored outside, while the RMAF replaced the type with the <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Hawk" title="BAE Systems Hawk">BAE Systems Hawk</a>. Malaysia reportedly expressed interest in acquiring Skyhawks from New Zealand during the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1701_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1701-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2014, Brazil is the latest Skyhawk customer. In 1997, Brazil negotiated a $70 million (~$123 million in 2023) contract for purchase of 20 A-4KU and three TA-4KU Skyhawks from Kuwait. Kuwait's Skyhawks, modified A-4Ms and TA-4Js delivered in 1977, were among the last of those models built by Douglas. The aircraft were selected by Brazil because of their low flight time, excellent physical condition, and a favorable price.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_172_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_172-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazilian Navy</a> re-designated AF-1 and AF-1A Falcões (Hawks), the Kuwaiti Skyhawks arrived in <a href="/wiki/Arraial_do_Cabo" title="Arraial do Cabo">Arraial do Cabo</a> on 5 September 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1712_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1712-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 January 2001, an AF-1 trapped aboard the Brazilian aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_aircraft_carrier_Minas_Gerais" title="Brazilian aircraft carrier Minas Gerais"><i>Minas Gerais</i></a> was later successfully catapulted, making Brazil's fixed-wing carrier force operational again after nearly two decades.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_173_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_173-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To replace the aging <i>Minas Gerais</i>, Brazil purchased the surplus <a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_Foch" title="French aircraft carrier Foch">French aircraft carrier <i>Foch</i> (R99)</a> on 15 November 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_1723_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_1723-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renamed <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_aircraft_carrier_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Brazilian aircraft carrier São Paulo">Brazilian aircraft carrier <i>São Paulo</i> (A12)</a>, the "new" carrier received extensive refitting before becoming operational during 2003. <i>Minas Gerais</i> was decommissioned that same year and later put up for sale.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_173_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_173-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 April 2009, <a href="/wiki/Embraer" title="Embraer">Embraer</a> signed a contract to modernize 12 Brazilian Navy aircraft, nine AF-1s (single-seat) and three AF-1As (two-seat), with the aim of restoring the operating capacity of the Navy 1st Intercept and Attack Plane Squadron. The program includes restoring the aircraft and their current systems, as well as implementing new avionics, radar, power production, and autonomous oxygen generating systems.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first of the 12 modified Skyhawks was delivered on 27 May 2015. Embraer stated the modifications will allow the aircraft to remain operational until 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the Brazilian Navy indicated that it was reconsidering the total number of aircraft to be modernized to AF-1B/C standard due to budget constraints and the decommissioning of the <i>São Paulo</i>. Two AF-1Bs were delivered in 2015 and a further two of undisclosed type are to be delivered in 2017. It is believed that despite the loss of its only carrier, the Navy wants to retain the experience of carrier-based operations, and thus will not rescind the contract outright.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022, there are 3 A-4s in service, with 3 used for training and the other aircraft on display.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DA_Defence_German_A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/DA_Defence_German_A4.jpg/220px-DA_Defence_German_A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/DA_Defence_German_A4.jpg/330px-DA_Defence_German_A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/DA_Defence_German_A4.jpg/440px-DA_Defence_German_A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4309" data-file-height="2424" /></a><figcaption>Discovery Air A-4</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Top_Aces" title="Top Aces">Top Aces</a>, formerly Discovery Air Defense Services, a private Canadian company contracted by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> to provide air combat and fighter training, imported and registered ten A-4N and TA-4J aircraft. Discovery upgraded and modified the jets to be capable of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Warfare">Electronic Warfare</a> training.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (March 2019)">independent source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Top Aces also operates A-4Ns under contract for training of the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr).<sup id="cite_ref-avleak_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avleak-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another major civil user of A-4s for training support to military forces is US-based <a href="/wiki/Draken_International" title="Draken International">Draken International</a>, which operates ex-New Zealand A-4Ks as part of a diverse fleet of jets.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A-4s have previously been operated in the target support role in Germany by <a href="/wiki/Tracor" title="Tracor">Tracor Flight Systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-avleak_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avleak-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-81_on_catapult_of_USS_Forrestal_(CVA-59)_in_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-81_on_catapult_of_USS_Forrestal_%28CVA-59%29_in_1962.jpg/220px-A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-81_on_catapult_of_USS_Forrestal_%28CVA-59%29_in_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-81_on_catapult_of_USS_Forrestal_%28CVA-59%29_in_1962.jpg/330px-A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-81_on_catapult_of_USS_Forrestal_%28CVA-59%29_in_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-81_on_catapult_of_USS_Forrestal_%28CVA-59%29_in_1962.jpg/440px-A4D-2_Skyhawk_of_VA-81_on_catapult_of_USS_Forrestal_%28CVA-59%29_in_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">VA-81 A4D-2 on USS <i>Forrestal</i> in 1962.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_A4_Skyhawk_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Douglas_A4_Skyhawk_3.jpg/220px-Douglas_A4_Skyhawk_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Douglas_A4_Skyhawk_3.jpg/330px-Douglas_A4_Skyhawk_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Douglas_A4_Skyhawk_3.jpg/440px-Douglas_A4_Skyhawk_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="1701" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A-4B in the <a href="/wiki/Intrepid_Sea-Air-Space_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum">Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">U.S. Navy A-4B (A4D-2)</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_A-4C_Skyhawk_of_VA-113_landing_aboard_USS_Kitty_Hawk_(CVA-63)_off_Vietnam,_in_March_1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Douglas_A-4C_Skyhawk_of_VA-113_landing_aboard_USS_Kitty_Hawk_%28CVA-63%29_off_Vietnam%2C_in_March_1966.jpg/220px-Douglas_A-4C_Skyhawk_of_VA-113_landing_aboard_USS_Kitty_Hawk_%28CVA-63%29_off_Vietnam%2C_in_March_1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Douglas_A-4C_Skyhawk_of_VA-113_landing_aboard_USS_Kitty_Hawk_%28CVA-63%29_off_Vietnam%2C_in_March_1966.jpg/330px-Douglas_A-4C_Skyhawk_of_VA-113_landing_aboard_USS_Kitty_Hawk_%28CVA-63%29_off_Vietnam%2C_in_March_1966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Douglas_A-4C_Skyhawk_of_VA-113_landing_aboard_USS_Kitty_Hawk_%28CVA-63%29_off_Vietnam%2C_in_March_1966.jpg/440px-Douglas_A-4C_Skyhawk_of_VA-113_landing_aboard_USS_Kitty_Hawk_%28CVA-63%29_off_Vietnam%2C_in_March_1966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>A-4C landing on USS <i>Kitty Hawk</i> in 1966.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4SU_Korat_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/A-4SU_Korat_2002.jpg/220px-A-4SU_Korat_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/A-4SU_Korat_2002.jpg/330px-A-4SU_Korat_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/A-4SU_Korat_2002.jpg/440px-A-4SU_Korat_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force" title="Republic of Singapore Air Force">Republic of Singapore Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/A-4SU_Super_Skyhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="A-4SU Super Skyhawk">A-4SU Super Skyhawk</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyhawk_A4K_DF-ST-85-04198.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Skyhawk_A4K_DF-ST-85-04198.jpg/220px-Skyhawk_A4K_DF-ST-85-04198.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Skyhawk_A4K_DF-ST-85-04198.jpg/330px-Skyhawk_A4K_DF-ST-85-04198.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Skyhawk_A4K_DF-ST-85-04198.jpg/440px-Skyhawk_A4K_DF-ST-85-04198.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1860" /></a><figcaption>RNZAF A-4K</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_TA-4F_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_aboard_USS_Hancock_(CVA-19),_circa_in_1974.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Douglas_TA-4F_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_aboard_USS_Hancock_%28CVA-19%29%2C_circa_in_1974.jpg/220px-Douglas_TA-4F_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_aboard_USS_Hancock_%28CVA-19%29%2C_circa_in_1974.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Douglas_TA-4F_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_aboard_USS_Hancock_%28CVA-19%29%2C_circa_in_1974.jpg/330px-Douglas_TA-4F_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_aboard_USS_Hancock_%28CVA-19%29%2C_circa_in_1974.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Douglas_TA-4F_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_aboard_USS_Hancock_%28CVA-19%29%2C_circa_in_1974.jpg/440px-Douglas_TA-4F_Skyhawk_of_VA-164_aboard_USS_Hancock_%28CVA-19%29%2C_circa_in_1974.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>TA-4F Skyhawk of VA-164 aboard the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Hancock_(CV-19)" title="USS Hancock (CV-19)">USS <i>Hancock</i></a> in the early 1970s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A4_lands_on_melbourne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/A4_lands_on_melbourne.jpg/220px-A4_lands_on_melbourne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/A4_lands_on_melbourne.jpg/330px-A4_lands_on_melbourne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/A4_lands_on_melbourne.jpg/440px-A4_lands_on_melbourne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1651" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>A-4G of VF-805 takes a wire aboard <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Melbourne_(R21)" title="HMAS Melbourne (R21)">HMAS <i>Melbourne</i></a> in 1980</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4KUBrazil_CVN-76_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/A-4KUBrazil_CVN-76_2004.jpg/220px-A-4KUBrazil_CVN-76_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/A-4KUBrazil_CVN-76_2004.jpg/330px-A-4KUBrazil_CVN-76_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/A-4KUBrazil_CVN-76_2004.jpg/440px-A-4KUBrazil_CVN-76_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption>Brazilian Navy AF-1 (A-4KU)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4L_VA-203_1970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A-4L_VA-203_1970.jpg/220px-A-4L_VA-203_1970.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A-4L_VA-203_1970.jpg/330px-A-4L_VA-203_1970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A-4L_VA-203_1970.jpg/440px-A-4L_VA-203_1970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Naval Reserve A-4L of VA-203</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:933_at_TA-4SU_Skyhawk_of_the_Singapore_Air_Force.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/933_at_TA-4SU_Skyhawk_of_the_Singapore_Air_Force.jpg/220px-933_at_TA-4SU_Skyhawk_of_the_Singapore_Air_Force.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/933_at_TA-4SU_Skyhawk_of_the_Singapore_Air_Force.jpg/330px-933_at_TA-4SU_Skyhawk_of_the_Singapore_Air_Force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/933_at_TA-4SU_Skyhawk_of_the_Singapore_Air_Force.jpg/440px-933_at_TA-4SU_Skyhawk_of_the_Singapore_Air_Force.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2749" data-file-height="1658" /></a><figcaption>Dual cockpits of the TA-4SU Skyhawk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4M_VMA-322.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/A-4M_VMA-322.JPEG/220px-A-4M_VMA-322.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/A-4M_VMA-322.JPEG/330px-A-4M_VMA-322.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/A-4M_VMA-322.JPEG/440px-A-4M_VMA-322.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2836" data-file-height="1910" /></a><figcaption>A-4M of <a href="/wiki/VMA-322" title="VMA-322">VMA-322</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OA-4M_MAG-32_1990.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/OA-4M_MAG-32_1990.JPEG/220px-OA-4M_MAG-32_1990.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/OA-4M_MAG-32_1990.JPEG/330px-OA-4M_MAG-32_1990.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/OA-4M_MAG-32_1990.JPEG/440px-OA-4M_MAG-32_1990.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2820" data-file-height="1870" /></a><figcaption>OA-4M of <a href="/wiki/MAG-32" class="mw-redirect" title="MAG-32">MAG-32</a> in 1990</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Argentina_Air_Force_Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk_Lofting-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Argentina_Air_Force_Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk_Lofting-2.jpg/220px-Argentina_Air_Force_Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk_Lofting-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Argentina_Air_Force_Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk_Lofting-2.jpg/330px-Argentina_Air_Force_Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk_Lofting-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Argentina_Air_Force_Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk_Lofting-2.jpg/440px-Argentina_Air_Force_Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk_Lofting-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="849" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentine Air Force</a> A-4AR Fightinghawk</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_production_variants">Original production variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Original production variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>XA4D-1</dt> <dd>Initial prototype, one built.</dd> <dt>YA4D-1</dt> <dd>Flight test prototypes and pre-production aircraft; redesignated <b>YA-4A</b> in 1962, then <b>A-4A</b>, 19 built.</dd> <dt>A4D-1 (A-4A)</dt> <dd>Initial production version; redesignated <b>A-4A</b> in 1962, 166 built.</dd> <dt>A4D-2 (A-4B)</dt> <dd>Strengthened aircraft and added air-to-air refueling capabilities, improved navigation and flight control systems, provision for <a href="/wiki/AGM-12_Bullpup" title="AGM-12 Bullpup">AGM-12 Bullpup</a> missile; redesignated <b>A-4B</b> in 1962, 542 built.</dd> <dt>A4D-2N (A-4C)</dt> <dd>Night/adverse weather version of A4D-2, with AN/APG-53A <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autopilot" title="Autopilot">autopilot</a>, LABS low-altitude bombing system. <a href="/wiki/Wright_J65" title="Wright J65">Wright J65</a>-W-20 engine with 8,200 <a href="/wiki/Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">lbf</a> (36 <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">kN</a>) of takeoff thrust; redesignated <b>A-4C</b> in 1962, 638 built.</dd> <dt>A4D-3</dt> <dd>Proposed advanced avionics version, none built.</dd> <dt>A4D-4</dt> <dd>Proposed long-range version with new wings; none built.</dd> <dt>A4D-5 (A-4E)</dt> <dd>Major upgrade, including new <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J52" title="Pratt & Whitney J52">Pratt & Whitney J52-P-6A</a> engine with 8,500 lbf (38 kN) of thrust, strengthened airframe with two more weapon pylons (for a total of five), improved avionics, with <a href="/wiki/TACAN" class="mw-redirect" title="TACAN">TACAN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doppler_radar" title="Doppler radar">Doppler navigation radar</a>, radar altimeter, toss-bombing computer, and AJB-3A low-altitude bombing system. Many later upgraded with J52-P-8 engine with 9,300 lbf (41 kN) thrust; redesignated <b>A-4E</b> in 1962,<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 499 built.</dd> <dt>A4D-6</dt> <dd>Proposed enlarged version of the A4D-5, none built.</dd> <dt>A-4F</dt> <dd>Refinement of A-4E with extra avionics housed in a hump on the fuselage spine (this feature later retrofitted to A-4Es and some A-4Cs), wing-top spoilers to reduce landing roll out, nose wheel steering, and more powerful J52-P-8A engine with 9,300 lbf (41 kN) of thrust, later upgraded in service to J52-P-408 with 11,200 lbf (50 kN), 147 built. Some served with <a href="/wiki/Blue_Angels" title="Blue Angels">Blue Angels</a> acrobatic team from 1973 to 1986.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4G_Skyhawk" title="McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk">A-4G</a></dt> <dd>Eight aircraft built new for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> with minor variations from the A-4F; in particular, they were not fitted with the avionics "hump". Subsequently, eight more A-4Fs were modified to this standard for the RAN. Significantly the A-4G were modified to carry four underwing Sidewinder AIM-9B missiles increasing their Fleet Defense capability.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Elward_p163_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elward_p163-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sold in 1984 to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a> and later rebuilt in <a href="/wiki/Project_KAHU" class="mw-redirect" title="Project KAHU">Project KAHU</a> as A-4Ks.</dd> <dt>A-4H</dt> <dd>90 aircraft for the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> based on the A-4F. Used 30 mm (1.18 in) <a href="/wiki/DEFA_cannon" title="DEFA cannon">DEFA cannon</a> with 150 rpg in place of U.S. 20 mm (.79 in) guns. Later, some A-4Es later locally modified to this standard. Subsequently, modified with extended jetpipes as protection against heat-seeking missiles.</dd> <dt>A-4K</dt> <dd>10 aircraft for <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a>. In the 1990s, these were upgraded under <a href="/wiki/Project_KAHU" class="mw-redirect" title="Project KAHU">Project KAHU</a> with new radar and avionics, provision for <a href="/wiki/AGM-65_Maverick" title="AGM-65 Maverick">AGM-65 Maverick</a>, <a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9 Sidewinder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/GBU-16_Paveway_II" title="GBU-16 Paveway II">GBU-16 Paveway II</a> <a href="/wiki/Laser-guided_bomb" title="Laser-guided bomb">laser-guided bomb</a>. The RNZAF also rebuilt an A-4C and 10 A-4Gs to A-4K standard.</dd> <dt>A-4M Skyhawk II</dt> <dd>Dedicated Marine version with improved avionics and more powerful J52-P-408 engine with 11,200 lbf (50 kN) thrust, enlarged cockpit, <a href="/wiki/Identification_friend_or_foe" title="Identification friend or foe">IFF</a> system. Later fitted with Hughes AN/ASB-19 Angle Rate Bombing System (ARBS) with TV and laser spot tracker, 158 built.</dd> <dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="A-4N"></span><span class="vanchor-text">A-4N</span></span></dt> <dd>117 modified A-4Ms for the Israeli Air Force.</dd> <dt>TA-4F</dt> <dd>Conversion trainer – standard A-4F with extra seat for an instructor, 241 built.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4G_Skyhawk" title="McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk">TA-4G</a></dt> <dd>two trainer versions of the A-4G built new, and two more modified from TA-4Fs.</dd> <dt>TA-4H</dt> <dd>25 trainer versions of the A-4H for Israel. Upgraded with more modern avionics.</dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="TA-4J"></span><span class="vanchor-text">TA-4J</span></span></dt> <dd>Dedicated trainer version based on A-4F, but lacking weapons systems, and with down-rated engine, 277 built new, and most TA-4Fs were later converted to this configuration.</dd> <dt>TA-4K</dt> <dd>Four trainer versions of the TA-4J. A fifth example only for static display was later assembled in New Zealand from spare parts.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upgraded,_modified_and_export_variants"><span id="Upgraded.2C_modified_and_export_variants"></span>Upgraded, modified and export variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Upgraded, modified and export variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>TA-4E</dt> <dd>Two A-4Es modified as prototypes of a trainer version.</dd> <dt>EA-4F</dt> <dd>Four TA-4Fs converted for <a href="/wiki/Electronic_countermeasures" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic countermeasures">ECM</a> training.</dd> <dt>A-4L</dt> <dd>100 A-4Cs remanufactured for Marine Corps Reserves and Navy Reserve squadrons. Fitted with A-4F avionics (including the fuselage "hump") but retaining J-65 engine and three-pylon wing.<sup id="cite_ref-Elward_p71-2_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elward_p71-2-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>OA-4M</dt> <dd>23 TA-4Fs modified for <a href="/wiki/Forward_Air_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward Air Control">Forward Air Control</a> duties.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>A-4P</dt> <dd>Remanufactured A-4Bs sold to <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentine Air Force</a>, known as A-4B by the Argentines.</dd> <dt>A-4Q</dt> <dd>Remanufactured A-4Bs sold to <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Navy" title="Argentine Navy">Argentine Navy</a>.</dd> <dt>A-4Y</dt> <dd>Provisional designation for A-4Ms modified with the ARBS. Designation never adopted by the U.S. Navy or U.S. Marine Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-Gann_p114_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gann_p114-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk" title="Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk">A-4AR Fightinghawk</a></dt> <dd>36 A-4Ms refurbished for Argentina.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk" title="Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk">OA-4AR Fightinghawk</a></dt> <dd>Refurbished two-seat training version for Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-OA_4Raccident_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OA_4Raccident-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>CA-4F</dt> <dd>A proposed two seat variant for the Royal Canadian Navy based on the A-4E with a dorsal conformal fuel tank instead of an avionics hump, it was to have replaced the F2H-3 Banshee on HMCS Bonaventure. Canada expressed little interest and so it was never placed in production.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>A-4KU</dt> <dd>30 modified A-4Ms for the Kuwaiti Air Force. Brazil purchased 20 of these second-hand and redesignated them AF-1. Now used by the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazilian Navy</a> on carrier duty.</dd> <dt>TA-4KU</dt> <dd>Three trainer versions of the above. Brazil purchased some of these second-hand and redesignated them AF-1A.</dd> <dt>A-4PTM</dt> <dd>40 A-4Cs and A-4Ls refurbished for <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Air_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Air Force">Royal Malaysian Air Force</a>, incorporating many A-4M features (<i>PTM</i> stands for <i>Peculiar to Malaysia</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-malaysia_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malaysia-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>TA-4PTM</dt> <dd>Unique trainer version for Royal Malaysian Air Force. Converted from A-4C/L airframes with 28" fuselage plug and second cockpit, similar to TA-4F/J (PTM stands for Peculiar to Malaysia).<sup id="cite_ref-malaysia_149-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malaysia-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/ST_Aerospace_A-4SU_Super_Skyhawk" title="ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk">A-4S</a></dt> <dd>50 A-4Bs remanufactured for <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force" title="Republic of Singapore Air Force">Republic of Singapore Air Force</a>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/ST_Aerospace_A-4SU_Super_Skyhawk" title="ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk">TA-4S</a></dt> <dd>Seven <a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">trainer</a> versions of the above. Different from most TA-4 trainers with a common cockpit for the student and instructor pilot, these were essentially rebuilt with a 28 in (710 mm) fuselage plug inserted into the front fuselage and a separate bulged cockpit (giving better all round visibility) for the instructor seated behind the student pilot.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/ST_Aerospace_A-4SU_Super_Skyhawk" title="ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk">A-4S-1</a></dt> <dd>50 A-4Cs remanufactured for the Republic of Singapore Air Force.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/ST_Aerospace_A-4SU_Super_Skyhawk" title="ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk">TA-4S-1</a></dt> <dd>Eight trainer versions of the above. These were designated as TA-4S-1 to set it apart from the earlier batch of seven airframes.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/ST_Aerospace_A-4SU_Super_Skyhawk" title="ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk">A-4SU Super Skyhawk</a></dt> <dd>Extensively modified and updated version of the A-4S-1, exclusively for the Republic of Singapore Air Force, fitted with a <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_F404" title="General Electric F404">General Electric F404</a> non-afterburning <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a> engine, and modernized electronics.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/ST_Aerospace_A-4SU_Super_Skyhawk" title="ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk">TA-4SU Super Skyhawk</a></dt> <dd>Extensively modified and updated version of the TA-4S & TA-4S-1 to TA-4SU standard.</dd> <dt>AF-1/1A</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazilian Navy</a> designation applied to 23 A-4KU and TA-4KU aircraft acquired from the <a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwaiti Air Force">Kuwaiti Air Force</a>.</dd> <dt>AF-1B/C</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazilian Navy</a> upgraded version of AF-1/1A by <a href="/wiki/Embraer" title="Embraer">Embraer</a> and <a href="/wiki/AEL_Sistemas" title="AEL Sistemas">AEL Sistemas</a>. Changes from analog to digital avionics, new radar systems, improved communications equipment and weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-Flightglobal_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flightglobal-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cavok.com.br_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cavok.com.br-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p><b>A-4N-AAF</b> </p> <dl><dd>Former Israeli A-4Ns modified for aggressor training by Canadian Defence contractor <a href="/wiki/Top_Aces" title="Top Aces">Top Aces</a>. The Advanced Aggressor Mission System upgrade includes AESA radar, IRST, HMCS, Tactical Datalink, and EW capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk_operators" title="List of Douglas A-4 Skyhawk operators">List of Douglas A-4 Skyhawk operators</a></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentine Air Force</a><sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2019_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2019-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – use the modernized version <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk" title="Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk">A-4AR</a> as fighter and fighter trainer.</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazilian Navy</a><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 4 modernized A-4KUs in operation and 3 A-4KUs for training<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2019_153-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2019-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Flightglobal_150-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flightglobal-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cavok.com.br_151-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cavok.com.br-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Top_Aces" title="Top Aces">Top Aces Inc.</a> - Owns and operates thirteen A-4N-AAF and one TA-4J for use as trainer and aggressor aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-topaces_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topaces-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draken_International" title="Draken International">Draken International</a> – based at <a href="/wiki/Lakeland_Linder_International_Airport" title="Lakeland Linder International Airport">Lakeland Linder International Airport</a>, owns and operates 7 former New Zealand A/TA-4Ks and 6 former Israeli A-4Ns.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AeroGroup" title="AeroGroup">AeroGroup</a>, a private American commercial company operating previously owned A-4 aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A-4L, LLC - Owns seven and currently operates three A-4L (A4D-2N) Skyhawks based at KGYI <a href="/wiki/North_Texas_Regional_Airport" title="North Texas Regional Airport">North Texas Regional Airport</a>/Perrin Field in Denison Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_operators">Former operators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Former operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Navy" title="Argentine Navy">Argentine Navy</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> – sold to RNZAF</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force" title="Indonesian Air Force">Indonesian Air Force</a> (TNI-AU) – retired in 2004</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> – retired from frontline duty in 2008, retired from training flights in December 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Air_Force" title="Kuwait Air Force">Kuwait Air Force</a> – sold to Brazilian Navy</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Air_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Air Force">Royal Malaysian Air Force</a> – retired from service. Some are on display and some were donated to universities for aero-mechanical studies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a> – retired in 2001</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force" title="Republic of Singapore Air Force">Republic of Singapore Air Force</a> retired from frontline service in 2005, and were transferred to France (Cazaux Air Base) as advanced jet trainers. The Skyhawks were retired from training flights from 2013 and replaced by the Alenia Aermacchi M-346. 1 RSAF A-4SU was donated to the Institute of Technical Education (ITE College Central) for vocational and training purposes.</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft_on_display">Aircraft on display</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Aircraft on display"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_displayed_Douglas_A-4_Skyhawks" title="List of displayed Douglas A-4 Skyhawks">List of displayed Douglas A-4 Skyhawks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A1rquez-A4Q.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/M%C3%A1rquez-A4Q.jpg/220px-M%C3%A1rquez-A4Q.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/M%C3%A1rquez-A4Q.jpg/330px-M%C3%A1rquez-A4Q.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/M%C3%A1rquez-A4Q.jpg/440px-M%C3%A1rquez-A4Q.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="2460" /></a><figcaption>Argentine Navy A-4Q as a gate guardian at <a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata" title="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Given the number of air forces that operated the Skyhawk, a significant number have been preserved, either airworthy or on display. Preserved A-4s can be found in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, France, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, United States, and others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(A4D-5_/_A-4E_Skyhawk)"><span id="Specifications_.28A4D-5_.2F_A-4E_Skyhawk.29"></span>Specifications (A4D-5 / A-4E Skyhawk)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Specifications (A4D-5 / A-4E Skyhawk)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:McDONNELL_DOUGLAS_A-4_SKYHAWK.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk 3-view drawing"><img alt="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk 3-view drawing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/McDONNELL_DOUGLAS_A-4_SKYHAWK.svg/300px-McDONNELL_DOUGLAS_A-4_SKYHAWK.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/McDONNELL_DOUGLAS_A-4_SKYHAWK.svg/450px-McDONNELL_DOUGLAS_A-4_SKYHAWK.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/McDONNELL_DOUGLAS_A-4_SKYHAWK.svg/600px-McDONNELL_DOUGLAS_A-4_SKYHAWK.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1865" data-file-height="1189" /></a><figcaption>Douglas A-4 Skyhawk 3-view drawing</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A4ABCweb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/A4ABCweb.jpg/170px-A4ABCweb.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/A4ABCweb.jpg/255px-A4ABCweb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/A4ABCweb.jpg/340px-A4ABCweb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A-4 Skyhawk A/B/C color scheme</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A4EFMweb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/A4EFMweb.jpg/170px-A4EFMweb.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/A4EFMweb.jpg/255px-A4EFMweb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/A4EFMweb.jpg/340px-A4EFMweb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2913" /></a><figcaption>A-4 Skyhawk E/F/M color scheme</figcaption></figure> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I,<sup id="cite_ref-Francillon_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francillon-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Global Security : A4D (A-4) Skyhawk<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 1</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 40 ft 1.5 in (12.230 m)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 27 ft 6 in (8.38 m)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 15 ft 2 in (4.62 m)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 260 sq ft (24 m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>:</b> <b>root:</b> <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 0008-1.1-25</a>; <b>tip:</b> <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 0005-.825-50</a><sup id="cite_ref-Selig_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selig-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 9,853 lb (4,469 kg)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 16,216 lb (7,355 kg)</li> <li><b>Max takeoff weight:</b> 24,500 lb (11,113 kg)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 1 × <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J52-P-6A" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney J52-P-6A">Pratt & Whitney J52-P-6A</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojet</a> engine, 8,500 lbf (38 kN) thrust</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 585 kn (673 mph, 1,083 km/h) at sea level</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 1,008 nmi (1,160 mi, 1,867 km)</li> <li><b>Ferry range:</b> 2,194 nmi (2,525 mi, 4,063 km)</li> <li><b>g limits:</b> +8 -3</li> <li><b>Rate of climb:</b> 5,750 ft/min (29.2 m/s)</li> <li><b>Wing loading:</b> 62.4 lb/sq ft (305 kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratio" title="Thrust-to-weight ratio">Thrust/weight</a>:</b> 0.526 (at gross weight)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> 2× <a href="/wiki/20_mm_caliber" title="20 mm caliber">20 mm (0.79 in)</a> <a href="/wiki/Colt_Mk_12_cannon" title="Colt Mk 12 cannon">Colt Mk 12 cannon</a>, 100 rounds/gun</li> <li><b>Hardpoints:</b> 4× under-wing & 1× under-fuselage pylon stations with a capacity of 8,500 lb (3,900 kg), with provisions to carry combinations of: <ul><li><b>Rockets:</b> 4× LAU-10 rocket pods (each with 4× <a href="/wiki/Zuni_(rocket)" title="Zuni (rocket)">127 mm Mk 32 Zuni rockets</a>)</li> <li><b>Bombs:</b> <br /> <ul><li>6× <a href="/wiki/CBU-100_Cluster_Bomb" title="CBU-100 Cluster Bomb">Rockeye-II Mark 20</a> <a href="/wiki/Cluster_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster bomb">Cluster Bomb Unit (CBU)</a></li> <li>6× Rockeye Mark 7/APAM-59 CBU</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_80" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark 80">Mark 80 series</a> of <a href="/wiki/Unguided_bomb" title="Unguided bomb">unguided bombs</a> (including 3 kg and 14 kg practice bombs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B43_nuclear_bomb" title="B43 nuclear bomb">B43 nuclear bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B57_nuclear_bomb" title="B57 nuclear bomb">B57 nuclear bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B61_nuclear_bomb" title="B61 nuclear bomb">B61 nuclear bomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Other:</b> up to 3× 370 <a href="/wiki/US_gallon" class="mw-redirect" title="US gallon">US gallons</a> (1,400 <a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">L</a>) <i>Sargent Fletcher</i> <a href="/wiki/Drop_tank" title="Drop tank">drop tanks</a> for ferry flight/extended range/loitering time</li></ul></li> <li><b>Missiles:</b> <br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-to-air_missile" title="Air-to-air missile">Air-to-air missiles</a>: <ul><li>4× <a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9 Sidewinder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air-to-surface_missile" title="Air-to-surface missile">Air-to-surface missiles</a>: <ul><li>2× <a href="/wiki/AGM-12_Bullpup" title="AGM-12 Bullpup">AGM-12 Bullpup</a></li> <li>2× <a href="/wiki/AGM-45_Shrike" title="AGM-45 Shrike">AGM-45 Shrike</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-radiation_missile" title="Anti-radiation missile">anti-radiation missile</a></li> <li>2× <a href="/wiki/AGM-62_Walleye" title="AGM-62 Walleye">AGM-62 Walleye</a> TV-guided <a href="/wiki/Glide_bomb" title="Glide bomb">glide bomb</a></li> <li>2× <a href="/wiki/AGM-65_Maverick" title="AGM-65 Maverick">AGM-65 Maverick</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Avionics</b></span><br /> Typical avionics fitted to A-4s </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bendix_Corporation" title="Bendix Corporation">Bendix</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_radars#AN/APN_Series" title="List of radars">AN/APN-141</a> Low altitude <a href="/wiki/Radar_altimeter" title="Radar altimeter">radar altimeter</a> (refitted to C and E, standard in the F)<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart-Warner" title="Stewart-Warner">Stewart-Warner</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_radars#AN/APQ_Series" title="List of radars">AN/APQ-145</a> Mapping & Ranging radar (mounted on A-4F, also found on A-4E/N/S/SU)<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></span></li></ul> <p> <b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk" title="Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk">Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4G_Skyhawk" title="McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk">McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ST_Aerospace_A-4SU_Super_Skyhawk" title="ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk">ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_%C3%89tendard_IV" title="Dassault Étendard IV">Dassault Étendard IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Super_Myst%C3%A8re" title="Dassault Super Mystère">Dassault Super Mystère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_G.91" title="Fiat G.91">Fiat G.91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hunter" title="Hawker Hunter">Hawker Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PZL-Mielec_Lim-6" title="PZL-Mielec Lim-6">PZL-Mielec Lim-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_32_Lansen" title="Saab 32 Lansen">Saab 32 Lansen</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attack_aircraft" title="List of attack aircraft">List of attack aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of military aircraft of the United States">List of military aircraft of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_electronics_of_the_United_States" title="List of military electronics of the United States">List of military electronics of the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The designation A-4D was not used to avoid confusion with the pre-1962 A4D designation.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGolan2017" class="citation web cs1">Golan, John (3 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynet.com/heinemanns-hot-rod.htm">"Heinemann's Hotrod"</a>. <i>history dot net</i>. World History Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828192526/http://www.historynet.com/heinemanns-hot-rod.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history+dot+net&rft.atitle=Heinemann%27s+Hotrod&rft.date=2017-03-03&rft.aulast=Golan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fheinemanns-hot-rod.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn2017" class="citation web cs1">John, Golan (3 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynet.com/heinemanns-hot-rod.htm">"Heinemann's Hot Rod"</a>. <i>history dot org</i>. World History Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828192526/http://www.historynet.com/heinemanns-hot-rod.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history+dot+org&rft.atitle=Heinemann%27s+Hot+Rod&rft.date=2017-03-03&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=Golan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fheinemanns-hot-rod.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2022-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2022_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=83735">"World Air Forces 2022"</a>. <i>FlightGlobal</i>. p. 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401211338/https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=83735">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FlightGlobal&rft.atitle=World+Air+Forces+2022&rft.pages=12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fdownload%3Fac%3D83735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kilduff 1983, pp. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson 1993, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Proceedings-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Proceedings_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Rourke, G.G. "Of Hosenoses, Stoofs, and Lefthanded Spads." <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Institute#Publications_and_products" title="United States Naval Institute">United States Naval Institute Proceedings</a></i>, July 1968.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a4skyhawk.org/content/technical-data">"Technical Data."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814064746/http://a4skyhawk.org/content/technical-data">Archived</a> 14 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>a4skyhawk.org</i>. Retrieved: 21 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinemann and Every 1985, pp. 35–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunston, Spick, and Miller 1983, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-airvictory-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-airvictory_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airvictorymuseum.org/html/displays.html">"Skyhawk."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130404101910/http://www.airvictorymuseum.org/html/displays.html">Archived</a> 4 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Air Victory Museum</i>. Retrieved: 1 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-museumofflight-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-museumofflight_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumofflight.org/aircraft/douglas-4f-skyhawk-ii">"Douglas A-4F Skyhawk II."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110312060722/http://www.museumofflight.org/aircraft/douglas-4f-skyhawk-ii">Archived</a> 12 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Museum of Flight</i>. Retrieved: 1 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAM-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NAM_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://broadcast.illuminatedtech.com/display/story.cfm?bp=109&sid=8088">"Collections - Aircraft - Skyhawk (A4D/A-4/TA-4)."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012223559/http://broadcast.illuminatedtech.com/display/story.cfm?bp=109&sid=8088">Archived</a> 12 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>National Museum of Naval Aviation</i>. Retrieved: 31 October 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skyhawk.org/article/-technical-data">"Technical Data | The Skyhawk Association"</a>. <i>skyhawk.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=skyhawk.org&rft.atitle=Technical+Data+%7C+The+Skyhawk+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskyhawk.org%2Farticle%2F-technical-data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gann_p99-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gann_p99_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gann <i>Wings of Fame</i> No. 4, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elward_p25-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elward_p25_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elward 2000, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gann_p103-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gann_p103_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gann <i>Wings of Fame</i> No. 4, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gann_p100-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gann_p100_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gann <i>Wings of Fame</i> No. 4, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/programs/ssp/man/uswpns/air/attack/av8b_harrier.html">"AV-8B Harrier."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110804162129/https://fas.org/programs/ssp/man/uswpns/air/attack/av8b_harrier.html">Archived</a> 4 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Military Analysis Network</i> (Federation of American Scientists). Retrieved: 11 June 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grossnick-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grossnick_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grossnick and Armstrong 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCarthy 2009, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/download/va-42-52.pdf">"VA 42, p. 15."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070325190139/http://www.history.navy.mil/download/va-42-52.pdf">Archived</a> 25 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>history.navy.mil</i>. Retrieved: 13 September 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a4skyhawk.org/3e/va93/va93.htm">"VA-93 Blue Blazers: Events 15 October 1963."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150516024904/http://a4skyhawk.org/3e/va93/va93.htm">Archived</a> 16 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>skyhawk.org</i>. Retrieved: 1 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://navysite.de/cv/cv20.htm">"USS Bennington (CV-20)."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116190601/http://navysite.de/cv/cv20.htm">Archived</a> 16 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Navysite</i>. Retrieved: 1 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dorr_p34-6-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dorr_p34-6_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorr and Bishop 1996, pp. 34, 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a4skyhawk.org/2d/skyhawk-casualty.htm">"USN / USMC A-4 Skyhawk Aviators Killed In Action, Missing In Action, Operational Losses, Prisoners Of War, Wounded In Action, Combat Recoveries and Operations Recoveries - 1954 to 1991."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101013033728/http://a4skyhawk.org/2d/skyhawk-casualty.htm">Archived</a> 13 October 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>a4skyhawk.org</i>, 5 July 2010. Retrieved: 23 November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Naval Review</i> 1968, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cmohs.org/recipients/michael-j-estocin">"Michael John Estocin"</a>. Congressional Medal of Honor Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+John+Estocin&rft.pub=Congressional+Medal+of+Honor+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmohs.org%2Frecipients%2Fmichael-j-estocin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hobson 2001, pp. 269–270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_2056-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_2056_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 205-206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a4skyhawk.org/content/skyhawk-mongoose-and-super-fox-0">"Skyhawk Mongoose and Super Fox."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208133324/http://a4skyhawk.org/content/skyhawk-mongoose-and-super-fox-0">Archived</a> 8 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://a4skyhawk.org">http://a4skyhawk.org</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101001122234/http://a4skyhawk.org/">Archived</a> 1 October 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: 27 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_2112-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_2112_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 211-212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_1478-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_1478_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 147-148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_148-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_148_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_185-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_185_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaf.org.il/4968-33556-en/IAF.aspx">"Squadrons: Units: The Flying Tiger."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111113235638/http://www.iaf.org.il/4968-33556-en/IAF.aspx">Archived</a> 13 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a></i>. Retrieved: 19 January 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a4skyhawk.org-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a4skyhawk.org_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a4skyhawk.org_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a4skyhawk.org_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a4skyhawk.org/2e/israel/israel.htm">"Israel Defense Forces (IDF)."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622113412/http://a4skyhawk.org/2e/israel/israel.htm">Archived</a> 22 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>a4skyhawk.org</i>. Retrieved: 30 September 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_154-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_154_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_1489-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_1489_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 148-149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_14950-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_14950_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 149-150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_1523-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_1523_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 152-153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_1823-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_1823_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 182-183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_183-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_183_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaf.org.il/2540-30115-en/IAF.aspx">"Skyhawk."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131011113317/http://www.iaf.org.il/2540-30115-en/IAF.aspx">Archived</a> 11 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Israeli Air Force</i>. Retrieved: 27 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_1835-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_1835_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 183-185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acig.info-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acig.info_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acig.info_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peeters, Sander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acig.info/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=185&Itemid=47">"Egyptian Air-to-Air Victories since 1948."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054810/http://www.acig.info/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=185&Itemid=47">Archived</a> 21 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>acig.org</i>. Retrieved: 21 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, Yefim. "MiG-21" (<i>Russian Fighters</i>). Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing Ltd., 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_1856-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_1856_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 185-186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_186-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_186_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_187-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_187_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130710030823/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_272.shtml">"Syrian Air-to-Air Victories since 1948"</a>. <i>acig.org</i>. 25 September 2003. Archived from the original on 10 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=acig.org&rft.atitle=Syrian+Air-to-Air+Victories+since+1948&rft.date=2003-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acig.org%2Fartman%2Fpublish%2Farticle_272.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130805052018/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_404.shtml">"Iraqi Air-to-Air Victories since 1967."</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> <i>acig.org</i>. Retrieved: 21 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaf.org.il/43-he/IAF.aspx">"Downings."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131221020451/http://www.iaf.org.il/43-HE/IAF.aspx">Archived</a> 21 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Israeli Air Force</i>. Retrieved: 28 December 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_18990-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_18990_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 189-190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_158-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_158_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_158_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120714055028/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_273.shtml">"Two MiG-23MS, which were on low orbit over northern Lebanon, were vectored to intercept, and they were successful in shooting two A-4 Skyhawks down."</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> <i>acig.org</i>. Retrieved: 21 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iaf.org.il/43-he/IAF.aspx">http://www.iaf.org.il/43-he/IAF.aspx</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131221020451/http://www.iaf.org.il/43-HE/IAF.aspx">Archived</a> 21 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Downings."] <i>Israeli Air Force</i>. Retrieved: 25 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykNSpx1w9lA">"Israel vs. the PLO: The Invasion of Lebanon 1982, Part 2."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151229114135/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykNSpx1w9lA">Archived</a> 29 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> YouTube.com. Retrieved: 31 August 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waronline.org/IDF/Articles/lebanon-losses.htm">"Lebanon Losses."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415191548/http://www.waronline.org/IDF/Articles/lebanon-losses.htm">Archived</a> 15 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>waronline.org</i>. Retrieved: 31 August 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tetro-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tetro_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tetro_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tetro, Nicholas B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skywar.ru/Lebanon.html">"Press reports of the capture of Zachary Baumel, Yehuda Katz, and Zvi Feldman."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100113181536/http://www.skywar.ru/Lebanon.html">Archived</a> 13 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>skywar.ru</i>. Retrieved: 31 August 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Israels-Skyhawk-Scandal-05105/">"Israel’s Skyhawk Scandal Leads to End of an Era."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090420005519/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Israels-Skyhawk-Scandal-05105/">Archived</a> 20 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Defense Industry Daily</i>. Retrieved: 30 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Egozi, Arie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/israel-selects-alenia-aermacchi-m-346-for-trainer-deal-368392/">"Israel selects Alenia Aermacchi M-346 for trainer deal."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120219020259/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/israel-selects-alenia-aermacchi-m-346-for-trainer-deal-368392/">Archived</a> 19 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Flightglobal.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Flightglobal.com">Flightglobal.com</a></i>. Retrieved: 17 February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPost-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JPost_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katz, Yaakov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=258135">"Italy wins IAF with combat trainer jet bid."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120217104842/http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=258135">Archived</a> 17 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Jerusalem Post</i>. Retrieved: 16 February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theaviationist.com/2012/11/15/ta-4j/">"Israeli Air Force using combat trainers to drop leaflets over Gaza."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130217094236/http://theaviationist.com/2012/11/15/ta-4j/">Archived</a> 17 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>theaviationist.com</i>. Retrieved: 3 February 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armedforces-int.com/news/sale-or-scrap-israels-military-equipment-disposals.html">"Israel's Military Equipment Disposals."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130719052731/http://www.armedforces-int.com/news/sale-or-scrap-israels-military-equipment-disposals.html">Archived</a> 19 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Armedforces-Int.com</i>, 16 July 2013. Retrieved: 27 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zorani, Salchar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaf.org.il/4428-45751-en/IAF.aspx">"Goodbye A-4 Skyhawk"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151218030414/http://www.iaf.org.il/4428-45751-en/IAF.aspx">Archived</a> 18 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Israeli Air Force</i>, 13 December 2015, Retrieved 19 December 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_175-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_175_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_175_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_175_66-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gann_pt_2_p134-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gann_pt_2_p134_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gann <i>Wings of Fame</i> No. 5, p1. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elward_p157-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elward_p157_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elward 2000, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/intlrel/hfa44953.000/hfa44953_0.htm">"Overview of U.S. Policy towards South America and the President's Upcoming Trip to the Region."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609151938/http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/intlrel/hfa44953.000/hfa44953_0.htm">Archived</a> 9 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>commdocs.house.gov</i>. Retrieved: 14 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freed, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120713101659/http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1828&dat=19820526&id=CNAhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xZ4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1465,10774806">"Argentina pilots emerge as heroes in Falklands strife."</a> <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, 27 May 1982. Retrieved: 14 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chant_p.76-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chant_p.76_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chant_p.76_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chant 2001, p.76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_1767-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_1767_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 176-177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_17682-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_17682_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 176-182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Gordon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naval-history.net/F41argaircraft.htm">"Argentine Aircraft and Successes against British Ships."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060206043638/http://www.naval-history.net/F41argaircraft.htm">Archived</a> 6 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>naval-history.net</i>. Retrieved: 12 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elward_p158-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elward_p158_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elward 2000, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_182-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_182_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_182_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_182_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Amg31nelPuM">"- YouTube"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=-+YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DAmg31nelPuM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.histarmar.com.ar/Armada%20Argentina/AviacionNaval/CB-A4.htm">"Caza Bombarderos de la Aviación Naval: Douglas A4-Q Skyhawk"</a>, <i>Historia y Arqueologia Marítima</i> (in Spanish), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101029143542/http://www.histarmar.com.ar/Armada%20Argentina/AviacionNaval/CB-A4.htm">archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia+y+Arqueologia+Mar%C3%ADtima&rft.atitle=Caza+Bombarderos+de+la+Aviaci%C3%B3n+Naval%3A+Douglas+A4-Q+Skyhawk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.histarmar.com.ar%2FArmada%2520Argentina%2FAviacionNaval%2FCB-A4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_142-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_142_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_1423-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_1423_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 142-143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_143-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_143_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_143_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_143_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_143_81-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_1901-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_1901_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 190-191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elward_p164-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elward_p164_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elward 2000, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gann_pt_2_p142-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gann_pt_2_p142_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gann <i>Wings of Fame</i> No. 5, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428172258/http://a4skyhawk.info/article/kuwait-skyhawks-gulf-war">"Kuwait Skyhawks in Gulf War - A-4 Skyhawk Association"</a>. <i>a4skyhawk.info</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+the+Options+for+an+Air+Combat+Capability+%28February+2001%29&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Ministry+of+Defence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defence.govt.nz%2Freports-publications%2Fair-combat%2Fdesc-options.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, I "Skyhawk for sale, as is, where is." <i>Stuff</i>(Dominion/Press) 19 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A-4 Skyhawks. Back to the Future 2007-1970." <i>TV3 (NZ)</i>, 12/2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_1402-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_1402_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 140, 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simms, D. "The Skyhawks' final resting places." <i>Pacific Wings</i>, October 2013, pp. 18–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. 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Retrieved: 21 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZAFShyhawkSale-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNZAFShyhawkSale_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/8526152/New-life-for-RNZAF-jets">"New life for RNZAF jet."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140319221756/http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/8526152/New-life-for-RNZAF-jets">Archived</a> 19 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Dominion Post</i>. Retrieved: 19 March 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_144-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_144_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_1445-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_1445_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, pp. 144-145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_145-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_145_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_145_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF"win"2011" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"win" (2011). 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Retrieved: 21 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622101751/http://a4skyhawk.org/2e/indonesia/indonesia.htm">"Republic of Indonesia Air Force | A-4 Skyhawk Association"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a4skyhawk.org/2e/indonesia/indonesia.htm">the original</a> on 22 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Republic+of+Indonesia+Air+Force+%26%23124%3B+A-4+Skyhawk+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fa4skyhawk.org%2F2e%2Findonesia%2Findonesia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indocropcircles.wordpress.com/2013/10/03/operasi-alpha-indonesia-orde-baru/">"Top Secret: "Operasi Alpha"; Sangat Rahasia Era Rezim Orde Baru, Terkuak!"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626182429/https://indocropcircles.wordpress.com/2013/10/03/operasi-alpha-indonesia-orde-baru/">Archived</a> 26 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Indocropcircles.wordpress.com</i>. Retrieved: 21 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngkatan_Udara2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Angkatan Udara, TNI [@_TNIAU] (5 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/_TNIAU/status/1555354478525976576">"5 Agustus 2004, tiga Pesawat A-4 Sky Hawk dengan tail number TT-0431, TT-0440, dan TL-0416 dari Skadron Udara 11 Lanud Hasanuddin Makassar terbang mengangkasa di langit Indonesia untuk terakhir kalinya dengan tujuan Lanud Adisutjipto, Yogyakarta. 💂🏻‍♂️"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2024</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5+Agustus+2004%2C+tiga+Pesawat+A-4+Sky+Hawk+dengan+tail+number+TT-0431%2C+TT-0440%2C+dan+TL-0416+dari+Skadron+Udara+11+Lanud+Hasanuddin+Makassar+terbang+mengangkasa+di+langit+Indonesia+untuk+terakhir+kalinya+dengan+tujuan+Lanud+Adisutjipto%2C+Yogyakarta.+%F0%9F%92%82%F0%9F%8F%BB%E2%99%82%EF%B8%8F&rft.date=2022-08-05&rft.aulast=Angkatan+Udara&rft.aufirst=TNI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2F_TNIAU%2Fstatus%2F1555354478525976576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tni.mil.id/view-110264-pesawat-a-4-skyhawk-lengkapi-koleksi-museum-satria-mandala.html">"Pesawat A-4 Skyhawk Lengkapi Koleksi Museum Satria Mandala"</a>. <i>tni.mil.id</i>. 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Retrieved: 27 January 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2015/05/27/Brazilian-Navy-receives-modernized-A-4-Skyhawk/6481432743306/">"Brazilian Navy receives modernized A-4 Skyhawk."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527204750/http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2015/05/27/Brazilian-Navy-receives-modernized-A-4-Skyhawk/6481432743306/">Archived</a> 27 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>UPI</i>, 27 May 2015. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=discoveryair-ds.com&rft.atitle=Top+Aces+-+McDonnell+Douglas+A-4N&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoveryair-ds.com%2Fdouglasa4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topaces.com/our-fleet/">"Our Fleet - Top Aces"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224300/https://topaces.com/our-fleet/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. 177, no. 17. pp. <span class="nowrap">28–</span>29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012112412/http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/20150901#!&pid=28">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation+Week+%26+Space+Technology&rft.atitle=Exporting+Expertise%3A+Outsourcing+combat-ready+pilot+training&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E28-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.date=2015-08-31%2F2015-09-13&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.aviationweek.com%2Fissue%2F20150901%2F%23%21%26pid%3D28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220130123/http://www.discoveryair-ds.com/page?a=1173&lang=en-CA">"Top Aces - Discovery Air announces new airborne training services contract with the German Armed Forces"</a>. <i>discoveryair-ds.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoveryair-ds.com/page?a=1173&lang=en-CA">the original</a> on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=discoveryair-ds.com&rft.atitle=Top+Aces+-+Discovery+Air+announces+new+airborne+training+services+contract+with+the+German+Armed+Forces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoveryair-ds.com%2Fpage%3Fa%3D1173%26lang%3Den-CA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrew2016" class="citation web cs1">Drew, Paul (24 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/cae-proposes-16-draken-a-4-skyhawks-for-rcaf-fighter-425709/">"CAE proposes 16 Draken A-4 Skyhawks for RCAF fighter training"</a>. <i>Flightglobal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124020738/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/cae-proposes-16-draken-a-4-skyhawks-for-rcaf-fighter-425709/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved: 27 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elward_p163-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elward_p163_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elward 2000, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elward_p71-2-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elward_p71-2_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elward 2000, pp. 71–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a4skyhawk.org/common/oa4m.htm">"OA-4M."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151122114144/http://a4skyhawk.org/common/oa4m.htm">Archived</a> 22 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>a4skyhawk.org/ A-4 Skyhawk Association</i>. 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Retrieved: 1 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flightglobal-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flightglobal_150-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flightglobal_150-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/embraer-hands-first-modernized-af-1b-carrier-jet-to-412801/">"Embraer hands first modernized AF-1B carrier jet to Brazilian Navy"</a>. Flightglobal. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818150620/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/embraer-hands-first-modernized-af-1b-carrier-jet-to-412801/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANALYSIS%3A+2019+World+Air+Forces+Directory&rft.pub=Flightglobal+Insight&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft.au=Hoyle%2C+Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fanalysis-2019-world-air-forces-directory-454126%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airway.com.br/embraer-inicia-modernizacao-de-ultimo-caca-af-1-da-marinha/">"Embraer inicia modernização de último caça AF-1 da Marinha"</a>. airway.com.br. 10 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505142814/https://www.airway.com.br/embraer-inicia-modernizacao-de-ultimo-caca-af-1-da-marinha/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embraer+inicia+moderniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+%C3%BAltimo+ca%C3%A7a+AF-1+da+Marinha&rft.pub=airway.com.br&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airway.com.br%2Fembraer-inicia-modernizacao-de-ultimo-caca-af-1-da-marinha%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewdick2021" class="citation web cs1">Newdick, Thomas (30 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/40404/top-aces-aggressor-a-4s-are-now-the-worlds-most-advanced-skyhawks">"Top Aces' Aggressor A-4s Are Now The World's Most Advanced Skyhawks"</a>. <i>The Drive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Drive&rft.atitle=Top+Aces%27+Aggressor+A-4s+Are+Now+The+World%27s+Most+Advanced+Skyhawks&rft.date=2021-04-30&rft.aulast=Newdick&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedrive.com%2Fthe-war-zone%2F40404%2Ftop-aces-aggressor-a-4s-are-now-the-worlds-most-advanced-skyhawks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-topaces-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-topaces_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/RchSimpRes.aspx?cn=%7C%7C&mn=%7C%7C&sn=%7C%7C&on=TOP+ACES%7C&m=%7C%7C&print=y">"Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Quick Search Result for Top Aces"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Transport_Canada" title="Transport Canada">Transport Canada</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+Civil+Aircraft+Register%3A+Quick+Search+Result+for+Top+Aces&rft.pub=Transport+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwwapps.tc.gc.ca%2FSaf-Sec-Sur%2F2%2FCCARCS-RIACC%2FRchSimpRes.aspx%3Fcn%3D%26%23124%3B%26%23124%3B%26mn%3D%26%23124%3B%26%23124%3B%26sn%3D%26%23124%3B%26%23124%3B%26on%3DTOP%2BACES%26%23124%3B%26m%3D%26%23124%3B%26%23124%3B%26print%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/Name_Results.aspx?Nametxt=DRAKEN&sort_option=1&PageNo=1">"FAA Registry"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190226111137/https://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/Name_Results.aspx?Nametxt=DRAKEN&sort_option=1&PageNo=1">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAA+Registry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fregistry.faa.gov%2Faircraftinquiry%2FName_Results.aspx%3FNametxt%3DDRAKEN%26sort_option%3D1%26PageNo%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pr.com/press-release/540046">"AeroGroup Concludes F-16 Pilot Training Contract with the Air Education and Training Command (AETC) for the Belgian Air Force, Belgian Air Component."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003142922/http://www.pr.com/press-release/540046">Archived</a> 3 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Pr.com</i>, 31 January 2014. Retrieved: 27 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220529122522/https://a4lskyhawk.com/">[1]</a> Ben Sly A-4L, LLC</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4738755,00.html">http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4738755,00.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151213191126/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4738755,00.html">Archived</a> 13 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "IAF retires Skyhawk after 48 years in service.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Francillon-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Francillon_161-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francillon 1988, pp. 477–498.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selig-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Selig_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLednicer" class="citation web cs1">Lednicer, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html">"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"</a>. <i>m-selig.ae.illinois.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326174850/https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu&rft.atitle=The+Incomplete+Guide+to+Airfoil+Usage&rft.aulast=Lednicer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm-selig.ae.illinois.edu%2Fads%2Faircraft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designation-systems.net/usmilav/jetds/an-apn.html">"AN/APN - Equipment Listing."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101215180635/http://designation-systems.net/usmilav/jetds/an-apn.html">Archived</a> 15 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Designation-Systems.net.</i> Retrieved: 30 September 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designation-systems.net/usmilav/jetds/an-apq.html">"AN/APQ - Equipment Listing."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612031106/http://designation-systems.net/usmilav/jetds/an-apq.html">Archived</a> 12 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Designation-Systems.net.</i> Retrieved: 30 September 2012.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAloni2009" class="citation book cs1">Aloni, Shlomo (2009). <i>Israeli A-4 Skyhawk Units in Combat (Osprey Combat Aircraft #81)</i>. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-430-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-430-5"><bdi>978-1-84603-430-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israeli+A-4+Skyhawk+Units+in+Combat+%28Osprey+Combat+Aircraft+%2381%29&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-430-5&rft.aulast=Aloni&rft.aufirst=Shlomo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=153270">"ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 153270."</a> <i>aviation-safety.net</i>. Retrieved: 5 May 2013.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChant2001" class="citation book cs1">Chant, Chris (2001). <i>Air War in the Falklands 1982 (Osprey Combat Aircraft #28)</i>. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-293-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-293-7"><bdi>978-1-84176-293-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+War+in+the+Falklands+1982+%28Osprey+Combat+Aircraft+%2328%29&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-293-7&rft.aulast=Chant&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorrBishop1996" class="citation book cs1">Dorr, Robert F; Bishop, Chris (1996). <i>Vietnam Air War Debrief</i>. London, UK: Aerospace Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-874023-78-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-874023-78-6"><bdi>1-874023-78-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam+Air+War+Debrief&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Aerospace+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-874023-78-6&rft.aulast=Dorr&rft.aufirst=Robert+F&rft.au=Bishop%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrendel1973" class="citation book cs1">Drendel, Lou (1973). <i>A-4 Skyhawk in Action</i>. Carrollton, Texas, US: Squadron/Signal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89747-010-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-89747-010-9"><bdi>0-89747-010-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A-4+Skyhawk+in+Action&rft.place=Carrollton%2C+Texas%2C+US&rft.pub=Squadron%2FSignal+Publications&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-89747-010-9&rft.aulast=Drendel&rft.aufirst=Lou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElward2000" class="citation book cs1">Elward, Brad (2000). <i>McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk</i>. Ramsbury, Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86126-340-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-86126-340-6"><bdi>1-86126-340-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=McDonnell+Douglas+A-4+Skyhawk&rft.place=Ramsbury%2C+Wiltshire%2C+UK&rft.pub=Crowood+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-86126-340-6&rft.aulast=Elward&rft.aufirst=Brad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancillon1988" class="citation book cs1">Francillon, René J. (1988). <i>McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I</i>. London, UK: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0870214284" title="Special:BookSources/0870214284"><bdi>0870214284</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=McDonnell+Douglas+aircraft+since+1920+%3A+Volume+I&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0870214284&rft.aulast=Francillon&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGann1996" class="citation book cs1">Gann, Harry S. (1996). <i>Douglas A-4 Skyhawk Variant Briefing: Part 1". </i>Wings of Fame<i>, Volume 4</i>. London, UK: Aerospace Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">98–</span>117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-874023-71-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-874023-71-9"><bdi>1-874023-71-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglas+A-4+Skyhawk+Variant+Briefing%3A+Part+1%22.+Wings+of+Fame%2C+Volume+4&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E98-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft.pub=Aerospace+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-874023-71-9&rft.aulast=Gann&rft.aufirst=Harry+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGann1996" class="citation book cs1">Gann, Harry S. (1996). <i>Douglas A-4 Skyhawk Variant Briefing: Part 2: Export Versions. </i>Wings of Fame<i>, Volume 5</i>. London, UK: Aerospace Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">130–</span>145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-874023-90-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-874023-90-5"><bdi>1-874023-90-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglas+A-4+Skyhawk+Variant+Briefing%3A+Part+2%3A+Export+Versions.+Wings+of+Fame%2C+Volume+5&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E130-%3C%2Fspan%3E145&rft.pub=Aerospace+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-874023-90-5&rft.aulast=Gann&rft.aufirst=Harry+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossnickArmstrong1997" class="citation book cs1">Grossnick, Roy A.; Armstrong, William J. (1997). <i>United States Naval Aviation, 1910–1995</i>. Annapolis, Maryland, US: Naval Historical Center. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-16-049124-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-16-049124-X"><bdi>0-16-049124-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Naval+Aviation%2C+1910%E2%80%931995&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland%2C+US&rft.pub=Naval+Historical+Center&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-16-049124-X&rft.aulast=Grossnick&rft.aufirst=Roy+A.&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+William+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunstonSpickMiller1983" class="citation book cs1">Gunston, Bill; Spick, Mike; Miller, David (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Modern-Air-Combat-Gunston-Spick/dp/B000IE4BZS/ref=sr_1_fkmr1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1497962879&sr=1-2-fkmr1&keywords=modern+air+combat+david+miller"><i>Modern Air Combat</i></a>. Crescent Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0861011629" title="Special:BookSources/978-0861011629"><bdi>978-0861011629</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Air+Combat&rft.pub=Crescent+Books&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0861011629&rft.aulast=Gunston&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Spick%2C+Mike&rft.au=Miller%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FModern-Air-Combat-Gunston-Spick%2Fdp%2FB000IE4BZS%2Fref%3Dsr_1_fkmr1_2%3Fs%3Dbooks%26ie%3DUTF8%26qid%3D1497962879%26sr%3D1-2-fkmr1%26keywords%3Dmodern%2Bair%2Bcombat%2Bdavid%2Bmiller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobson2001" class="citation book cs1">Hobson, Chris (2001). <i>Vietnam Air Losses, USAF/USN/USMC, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses in Southeast Asia, 1961–1973</i>. North Branch, Minnesota, UK: Specialty Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85780-115-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85780-115-6"><bdi>1-85780-115-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam+Air+Losses%2C+USAF%2FUSN%2FUSMC%2C+Fixed-Wing+Aircraft+Losses+in+Southeast+Asia%2C+1961%E2%80%931973&rft.place=North+Branch%2C+Minnesota%2C+UK&rft.pub=Specialty+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-85780-115-6&rft.aulast=Hobson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinemannEvery1985" class="citation book cs1">Heinemann, Rausa; Every, Van (August 1985). <i>Aircraft Design</i> (First ed.). Nautical and Aviation Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0933852150" title="Special:BookSources/0933852150"><bdi>0933852150</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aircraft+Design&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Nautical+and+Aviation+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1985-08&rft.isbn=0933852150&rft.aulast=Heinemann&rft.aufirst=Rausa&rft.au=Every%2C+Van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilduff1983" class="citation book cs1">Kilduff, Peter (1983). <i>Douglas A-4 Skyhawk</i>. London, UK: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-529-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-85045-529-4"><bdi>0-85045-529-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglas+A-4+Skyhawk&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-85045-529-4&rft.aulast=Kilduff&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2009" class="citation book cs1">McCarthy, Donald J. Jr. (2009). <i>MiG Killers: A Chronology of US Air Victories in Vietnam 1965–1973</i>. North Branch, Minnesota, US: Specialty Pr Pub & Wholesalers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58007-136-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58007-136-9"><bdi>978-1-58007-136-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MiG+Killers%3A+A+Chronology+of+US+Air+Victories+in+Vietnam+1965%E2%80%931973&rft.place=North+Branch%2C+Minnesota%2C+US&rft.pub=Specialty+Pr+Pub+%26+Wholesalers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58007-136-9&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Donald+J.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMersky2007" class="citation book cs1">Mersky, Peter (2007). <i><span></span></i>US Navy and Marine Corps A-4 Skyhawk Units of the Vietnam War<i> (Osprey Combat Aircraft #69)</i>. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-181-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-181-6"><bdi>978-1-84603-181-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=US+Navy+and+Marine+Corps+A-4+Skyhawk+Units+of+the+Vietnam+War+%28Osprey+Combat+Aircraft+%2369%29&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-181-6&rft.aulast=Mersky&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParsonsNelson1993" class="citation book cs1">Parsons, Dave; Nelson, Derek (1993). <i>Bandits!: Pictorial History of American Adversarial Aircraft</i>. St. Paul, Minnesota, US: Motorbooks International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87938-623-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87938-623-1"><bdi>0-87938-623-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bandits%21%3A+Pictorial+History+of+American+Adversarial+Aircraft&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+Minnesota%2C+US&rft.pub=Motorbooks+International&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-87938-623-1&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeacock1987" class="citation book cs1">Peacock, Lindsey (1987). <i><span></span></i>A-4 Skyhawk<i> (Osprey Combat Aircraft series)</i>. London, UK: Osprey Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-817-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-85045-817-X"><bdi>0-85045-817-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A-4+Skyhawk+%28Osprey+Combat+Aircraft+series%29&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-85045-817-X&rft.aulast=Peacock&rft.aufirst=Lindsey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubroto2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Subroto, Hendro (2005). <i>Operasi Udara di Timor Timur</i> [<i>Air Operations in East Timor</i>] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-416-837-8" title="Special:BookSources/979-416-837-8"><bdi>979-416-837-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operasi+Udara+di+Timor+Timur&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Pustaka+Sinar+Harapan&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=979-416-837-8&rft.aulast=Subroto&rft.aufirst=Hendro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1993" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Stewart (1993). <i>Phantom, Hornet and Skyhawk in Australian Service</i>. Weston Creek, ACT, Australia: Aerospace Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875671-03-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-875671-03-X"><bdi>1-875671-03-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phantom%2C+Hornet+and+Skyhawk+in+Australian+Service&rft.place=Weston+Creek%2C+ACT%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Aerospace+Publications&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-875671-03-X&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinchester2004" class="citation book cs1">Winchester, Jim (30 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ubDgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA141"><i>Douglas A-4 Skyhawk: Attack & Close-Support Fighter Bomber</i></a>. Pen and Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-085-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-085-4"><bdi>978-1-84415-085-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglas+A-4+Skyhawk%3A+Attack+%26+Close-Support+Fighter+Bomber&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2004-09-30&rft.isbn=978-1-84415-085-4&rft.aulast=Winchester&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DubDgAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadinFelix2011" class="citation book cs1">Padin, Núñez; Felix, Jorge (2011). <i><span></span></i>McDonnell Douglas A-4C Skyhawk<i>, Volume 21 (Serie Fuerza Aérea)</i>. Bahía Blanca, Argentina: Fuerzas Aeronavales. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-987-1682-11-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-987-1682-11-9"><bdi>978-987-1682-11-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=McDonnell+Douglas+A-4C+Skyhawk%2C+Volume+21+%28Serie+Fuerza+A%C3%A9rea%29&rft.place=Bah%C3%ADa+Blanca%2C+Argentina&rft.pub=Fuerzas+Aeronavales&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-987-1682-11-9&rft.aulast=Padin&rft.aufirst=N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez&rft.au=Felix%2C+Jorge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadinFelix2013" class="citation book cs1">Padin, Núñez; Felix, Jorge (2013). <i><span></span></i>McDonnell Douglas A-4Q & A-4E Skyhawk<i>, Volume 31 (Serie Aeronaval)</i>. Bahía Blanca, Argentina: Fuerzas Aeronavales. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-987-1682-23-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-987-1682-23-2"><bdi>978-987-1682-23-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=McDonnell+Douglas+A-4Q+%26+A-4E+Skyhawk%2C+Volume+31+%28Serie+Aeronaval%29&rft.place=Bah%C3%ADa+Blanca%2C+Argentina&rft.pub=Fuerzas+Aeronavales&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-987-1682-23-2&rft.aulast=Padin&rft.aufirst=N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez&rft.au=Felix%2C+Jorge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+A-4+Skyhawk" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/A-4_Skyhawk" class="extiw" title="commons:A-4 Skyhawk"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">A-4 Skyhawk</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navy.gov.au/history/museums/fleet-air-arm-museum">Royal Australian Navy Fleet Air Arm Museum Skyhawk information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boeing.com/history/products/a4d-a-4-skyhawk-light-attack-bomber.page">A-4 Skyhawk page on Boeing.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061008141333/http://www.airforcemuseum.co.nz/main/McDonnellSkyhawk/">RNZAF Museum Skyhawk page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adf-serials.com/n13.shtml">Serial number history of Australian A-4 Skyhawks, prefix N13</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090609172721/http://www.adf-serials.com/n13.shtml">Archived</a> 9 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.combatairmuseum.org/aircraft/douglasta4skyhawk.html">A-4 at Combat Air Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americancombatplanes.com/a4_1.html">A-4 Skyhawk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175055/http://www.americancombatplanes.com/a4_1.html">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from reference book <i>American Combat Planes of the 20th Century</i> by R. Wagner</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100626070915/http://www.aero-web.org/locator/manufact/douglas/a-4.htm">AeroWeb.org A-4 Skyhawks on display</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalaviationresource.com/reports/2010/ta4j.php">restoration to flight of a TA-4J </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200294.html">"A-4D Skyhawk"</a> a 1958 <i>Flight</i> article</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://airbum.com/pireps/PirepA4.html">"Tantalizing Tinker Toy"</a> (pilot report), Budd Davisson, March, 1975, <i>Air Progress.</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Douglas_military_aircraft" title="Template:Douglas military aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Douglas_military_aircraft" title="Template talk:Douglas military aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Douglas_military_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Douglas military aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Douglas_military_aircraft159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas</a> military aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XFD" title="Douglas XFD">XFD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XP-48" title="Douglas XP-48">XP-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">P-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F3D_Skyknight" title="Douglas F3D Skyknight">F3D Skyknight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F4D_Skyray" title="Douglas F4D Skyray">F4D Skyray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F5D_Skylancer" title="Douglas F5D Skylancer">F5D Skylancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F6D_Missileer" title="Douglas F6D Missileer">XF6D Missileer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground attack</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XA-2" title="Douglas XA-2">XA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">A-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_SBD_Dauntless" title="Douglas SBD Dauntless">A-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-26_Invader" title="Douglas A-26 Invader">A-26 Invader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-33" title="Douglas A-33">A-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-1_Skyraider" title="Douglas A-1 Skyraider">A-1 Skyraider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-3_Skywarrior" title="Douglas A-3 Skywarrior">A-3 Skywarrior</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A-4 Skyhawk</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk" title="Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk">A-4AR Fightinghawk</a>/<a href="/wiki/ST_Aerospace_A-4SU_Super_Skyhawk" title="ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk">A-4SU Super Skyhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_AC-47_Spooky" title="Douglas AC-47 Spooky">AC-47 "Spooky"</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DT" title="Douglas DT">DT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_T2D" title="Douglas T2D">T2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XT3D" title="Douglas XT3D">XT3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_TBD_Devastator" title="Douglas TBD Devastator">TBD Devastator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_SBD_Dauntless" title="Douglas SBD Dauntless">SBD Dauntless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">BD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_BTD_Destroyer" title="Douglas BTD Destroyer">XBTD Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XTB2D_Skypirate" title="Douglas XTB2D Skypirate">XTB2D Skypirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-1_Skyraider" title="Douglas A-1 Skyraider">AD Skyraider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A2D_Skyshark" title="Douglas A2D Skyshark">XA2D Skyshark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-3_Skywarrior" title="Douglas A-3 Skywarrior">A3D Skywarrior</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A4D Skyhawk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Y1B-7" title="Douglas Y1B-7">YB-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_YOA-5" title="Douglas YOA-5">YB-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">B-18 Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-19" title="Douglas XB-19">XB-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">XB-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-23_Dragon" title="Douglas B-23 Dragon">B-23 Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-26_Invader" title="Douglas A-26 Invader">B-26 Invader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-31" title="Douglas XB-31">XB-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-42_Mixmaster" title="Douglas XB-42 Mixmaster">XB-42 Mixmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-43_Jetmaster" title="Douglas XB-43 Jetmaster">XB-43 Jetmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-66_Destroyer" title="Douglas B-66 Destroyer">B-66 Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_423" title="Douglas 423">Model 423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_1211-J" title="Douglas 1211-J">Model 1211-J</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">DB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">DB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">DB-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_A-17" title="Northrop A-17">DB-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_BT" title="Northrop BT">DB-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">DB-73</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">Boston I/II/III/IV/V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">Digby I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">Havoc I/II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_BT" title="Northrop BT">DXD1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-2" title="Douglas O-2">O-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-2" title="Douglas O-2">OD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O2D" title="Douglas O2D">O2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-31" title="Douglas O-31">O-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Y1B-7" title="Douglas Y1B-7">O-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-38" title="Douglas O-38">O-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-43" title="Douglas O-43">O-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_YOA-5" title="Douglas YOA-5">YO-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-46" title="Douglas O-46">O-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">O-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_YOA-5" title="Douglas YOA-5">YOA-5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_PN" title="Naval Aircraft Factory PN">PD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_T2D" title="Douglas T2D">P2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XP3D" title="Douglas XP3D">P3D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">F-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-1" title="Douglas C-1">C-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dolphin" title="Douglas Dolphin">C-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">YC-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-41A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">C-47 Skytrain</a> (Dakota I/III/IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">C-53 Skytrooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">C-54 Skymaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">C-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-23_Dragon" title="Douglas B-23 Dragon">UC-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-74_Globemaster" title="Douglas C-74 Globemaster">C-74 Globemaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-5" title="Douglas DC-5">C-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">XC-112/YC-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">XC-114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">YC-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">C-117</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_R4D-8" title="Douglas R4D-8">C-117D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">C-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-124_Globemaster_II" title="Douglas C-124 Globemaster II">C-124 Globemaster II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">YC-129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-132" title="Douglas C-132">C-132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-133_Cargomaster" title="Douglas C-133 Cargomaster">C-133 Cargomaster</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_C-9" title="McDonnell Douglas C-9">C-9</a> (Nightingale/Skytrain II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8">C-24</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dolphin" title="Douglas Dolphin">RD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">R2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-5" title="Douglas DC-5">R3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">R4D-1/-3/-5/-6/-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_R4D-8" title="Douglas R4D-8">R4D-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">R5D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-26_Invader" title="Douglas A-26 Invader">JD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">R6D</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">CC-129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">LXD1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaggio_PD.808" title="Piaggio PD.808">PD.808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">Skymaster I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gliders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XCG-17" title="Douglas XCG-17">XCG-17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Training aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-2" title="Douglas O-2">BT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-2" title="Douglas O-2">BT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XT-30" title="Douglas XT-30">XT-30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_World_Cruiser" title="Douglas World Cruiser">World Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_D-558-1_Skystreak" title="Douglas D-558-1 Skystreak">D-558-1 Skystreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_D-558-2_Skyrocket" title="Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket">D-558-2 Skyrocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_X-3_Stiletto" title="Douglas X-3 Stiletto">X-3 Stiletto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="McDonnell_and_McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft_and_spacecraft366" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft" title="Template:McDonnell Douglas aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft" title="Template talk:McDonnell Douglas aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:McDonnell Douglas aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="McDonnell_and_McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft_and_spacecraft366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Aircraft_Corporation" title="McDonnell Aircraft Corporation">McDonnell</a> and <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> aircraft and spacecraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">Airliners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8">DC-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">DC-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">DC-10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC-10_Air_Tanker" title="DC-10 Air Tanker">Air Tanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10_Twin" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10 Twin">Twin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">MD-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-11">MD-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-12" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-12">MD-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MD-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-94X" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-94X">MD-91X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-94X" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-94X">MD-92X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-94X" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-94X">MD-94X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">MD-95</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_941" title="Bréguet 941">Model 188E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_941" title="Bréguet 941">Model 210</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_High_Speed_Civil_Transport" title="McDonnell Douglas High Speed Civil Transport">High Speed Civil Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Business_jet" title="Business jet">Business jets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_119" title="McDonnell 119">Model 119/220</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XP-67" title="McDonnell XP-67">XP-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-85_Goblin" title="McDonnell XF-85 Goblin">XF-85 Goblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-88_Voodoo" title="McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo">XF-88 Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">F-101 Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-110 Spectre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-4 Phantom II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">F-15 Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15E_Strike_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle">F-15E Strike Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F-15EX_Eagle_II" title="Boeing F-15EX Eagle II">F-15EX Eagle II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-23" title="Northrop YF-23">Northrop YF-23</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">US Navy</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">USMC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_FH_Phantom" title="McDonnell FH Phantom">FH Phantom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F2H_Banshee" title="McDonnell F2H Banshee">F2H Banshee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F3H_Demon" title="McDonnell F3H Demon">F3H Demon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-4 Phantom II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18 Hornet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">F/A-18E/F Super Hornet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">Export</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_CF-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell CF-101 Voodoo">CF-101 Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II_in_Australian_service" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II in Australian service">F-4E Phantom (RAAF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_Phantom_in_UK_service" title="McDonnell Douglas Phantom in UK service">F-4K Phantom · F-4M Phantom · F-4J(UK) Phantom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_CF-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet">CF-18 / CF-188 Hornet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet in Australian service">F/A-18A/B Hornet (RAAF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">Licensed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F-15J" title="Mitsubishi F-15J">F-15J Eagle</a> (Mitsubishi)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">Attack</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Navy / USMC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A-4 Skyhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_AV-8B_Harrier_II" title="McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II">AV-8B Harrier II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-12_Avenger_II" title="McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II">A-12 Avenger II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">Export</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4G_Skyhawk" title="McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk">A-4G Skyhawk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">Trainers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="US_Navy7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_T-45_Goshawk" title="McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk">T-45 Goshawk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft" title="Military transport aircraft">Transports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_119" title="McDonnell 119">Model 119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_C-9" title="McDonnell Douglas C-9">C-9 Nightingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_KC-10_Extender" title="McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender">KC-10 Extender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_YC-15" title="McDonnell Douglas YC-15">YC-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17 Globemaster III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_C-9" title="McDonnell Douglas C-9">C-9 Skytrain II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">Licensed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_941" title="Bréguet 941">Model 188</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_helicopter" title="Military helicopter">Helicopters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Army / US Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XH-20_Little_Henry" title="McDonnell XH-20 Little Henry">XH-20 Little Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_AH-64_Apache" title="Boeing AH-64 Apache">AH-64 Apache</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XHJH_Whirlaway" title="McDonnell XHJH Whirlaway">XHJH Whirlaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XHCH" title="McDonnell XHCH">XHCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_HRH" title="McDonnell HRH">XHRH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_120_Flying_Crane" title="McDonnell 120 Flying Crane">Model 120 Flying Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD_500_Defender" title="McDonnell Douglas MD 500 Defender">MD500 Defender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Drones (UAVs)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADM-20_Quail" title="ADM-20 Quail">ADM-20 Quail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_TD2D_Katydid" title="McDonnell TD2D Katydid">KDH Katydid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBD_Gargoyle" title="LBD Gargoyle">KUD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_AQUILINE" title="Project AQUILINE">Aquiline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_aircraft" title="Experimental aircraft">Experimental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="US_Army_/_US_Air_Force31" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Army / US Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XV-1" title="McDonnell XV-1">XV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_X-36" title="McDonnell Douglas X-36">X-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_STOL/MTD" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 STOL/MTD">F-15 STOL/MTD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Bird_of_Prey" title="Boeing Bird of Prey">Bird of Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-X" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-X">DC-X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory" title="Manned Orbiting Laboratory">Gemini B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Gemini" title="Big Gemini">Big Gemini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Gemini" title="Blue Gemini">Blue Gemini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Model numbers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XP-67" title="McDonnell XP-67">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_FH_Phantom" title="McDonnell FH Phantom">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XP-67" title="McDonnell XP-67">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XP-67" title="McDonnell XP-67">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_FH_Phantom" title="McDonnell FH Phantom">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F2H_Banshee" title="McDonnell F2H Banshee">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBD_Gargoyle" title="LBD Gargoyle">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-85_Goblin" title="McDonnell XF-85 Goblin">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_TD2D_Katydid" title="McDonnell TD2D Katydid">31</a></li> <li>36 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-88_Voodoo" title="McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo">36–36V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">36W–36DH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XHJH_Whirlaway" title="McDonnell XHJH Whirlaway">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XH-20_Little_Henry" title="McDonnell XH-20 Little Henry">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_TD2D_Katydid" title="McDonnell TD2D Katydid">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_TD2D_Katydid" title="McDonnell TD2D Katydid">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F3H_Demon" title="McDonnell F3H Demon">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XHJH_Whirlaway" title="McDonnell XHJH Whirlaway">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_HRH" title="McDonnell HRH">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XH-20_Little_Henry" title="McDonnell XH-20 Little Henry">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XV-1" title="McDonnell XV-1">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIM-8_Talos" title="RIM-8 Talos">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XHCH" title="McDonnell XHCH">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSM-N-2_Triton" title="SSM-N-2 Triton">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADM-20_Quail" title="ADM-20 Quail">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_119" title="McDonnell 119">119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_120_Flying_Crane" title="McDonnell 120 Flying Crane">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAM-N-10_Eagle" title="AAM-N-10 Eagle">127</a></li> <li>133 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">133A–133K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">133L–133P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Gemini" title="Big Gemini">133Q</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASSET_(spacecraft)" title="ASSET (spacecraft)">151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(satellite)" title="Samos (satellite)">164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temco_TT_Pinto" title="Temco TT Pinto">182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temco_TT_Pinto" title="Temco TT Pinto">183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_941" title="Bréguet 941">188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Isinglass" title="Project Isinglass">192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory" title="Manned Orbiting Laboratory">195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_941" title="Bréguet 941">210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_119" title="McDonnell 119">220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon_(missile)" title="Harpoon (missile)">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_AV-8B_Harrier_II" title="McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II">258</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Harrier" title="Hawker Siddeley Harrier">258AP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">267</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="USN/USMC_attack_aircraft_designations_1946–1962_by_manufacturer273" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USN_attack_aircraft" title="Template:USN attack aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USN_attack_aircraft" title="Template talk:USN attack aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USN_attack_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USN attack aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="USN/USMC_attack_aircraft_designations_1946–1962_by_manufacturer273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">USN</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">USMC</a> attack aircraft designations 1946–1962 by manufacturer</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-1_Skyraider" title="Douglas A-1 Skyraider">AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A2D_Skyshark" title="Douglas A2D Skyshark">A2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-3_Skywarrior" title="Douglas A-3 Skywarrior">A3D</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A4D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_AF_Guardian" title="Grumman AF Guardian">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_A-6_Intruder" title="Grumman A-6 Intruder">A2F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">AH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">AJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XA2J_Super_Savage" title="North American XA2J Super Savage">A2J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">A3J</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_L._Martin_Company" title="Glenn L. Martin Company">Martin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_AM_Mauler" title="Martin AM Mauler">AM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vought" title="Vought">Vought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vought_F4U_Corsair" title="Vought F4U Corsair">AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_F7U_Cutlass" title="Vought F7U Cutlass">A2U</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_attack_aircraft_designations,_Army/Air_Force_and_Tri-Service_systems539" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAF_attack_aircraft" title="Template:USAF attack aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAF_attack_aircraft" title="Template talk:USAF attack aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAF_attack_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAF attack aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_attack_aircraft_designations,_Army/Air_Force_and_Tri-Service_systems539" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">United States <a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">attack aircraft</a> designations, Army/Air Force and <a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designation_system" title="1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system">Tri-Service</a> systems</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army/Air Force sequence<br />(1925–1962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">A-1</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XA-2" title="Douglas XA-2">A-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Falcon" title="Curtiss Falcon">A-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Falcon" title="Curtiss Falcon">A-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Falcon" title="Curtiss Falcon">A-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Falcon" title="Curtiss Falcon">A-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_XA-7" title="Fokker XA-7">A-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_A-8" title="Curtiss A-8">A-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YP-24" title="Lockheed YP-24">A-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_YA-10_Shrike" title="Curtiss YA-10 Shrike">A-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">A-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_A-12_Shrike" title="Curtiss A-12 Shrike">A-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YA-13" title="Northrop YA-13">A-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XA-14" title="Curtiss XA-14">A-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-10" title="Martin B-10">A-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YA-13" title="Northrop YA-13">A-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_A-17" title="Northrop A-17">A-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_A-18_Shrike" title="Curtiss A-18 Shrike">A-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_V-11" title="Vultee V-11">A-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">A-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stearman_XA-21" title="Stearman XA-21">A-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Maryland" title="Martin Maryland">A-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Baltimore" title="Martin Baltimore">A-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_SBD_Dauntless" title="Douglas SBD Dauntless">A-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_SB2C_Helldiver" title="Curtiss SB2C Helldiver">A-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-26_Invader" title="Douglas A-26 Invader">A-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-27" title="North American A-27">A-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">A-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">A-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Baltimore" title="Martin Baltimore">A-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_A-31_Vengeance" title="Vultee A-31 Vengeance">A-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_XA-32" title="Brewster XA-32">A-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-33" title="Douglas A-33">A-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_SB2A_Buccaneer" title="Brewster SB2A Buccaneer">A-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_A-31_Vengeance" title="Vultee A-31 Vengeance">A-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-36" title="North American A-36">A-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_D-2" title="Hughes D-2">A-37</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_XA-38_Grizzly" title="Beechcraft XA-38 Grizzly">A-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser-Fleetwings_A-39" title="Kaiser-Fleetwings A-39">A-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XBTC" title="Curtiss XBTC">A-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_XA-41" title="Vultee XA-41">A-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-42_Mixmaster" title="Douglas XB-42 Mixmaster">A-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_XF-87_Blackhawk" title="Curtiss-Wright XF-87 Blackhawk">A-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_XB-53" title="Convair XB-53">A-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_XB-51" title="Martin XB-51">A-45</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tri-Service sequence<br />(1962–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A-1<sup><small>3</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-1_Skyraider" title="Douglas A-1 Skyraider">A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L3Harris_OA-1K_Sky_Warden" title="L3Harris OA-1K Sky Warden">OA-1K</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">A-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-3_Skywarrior" title="Douglas A-3 Skywarrior">A-3</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">A-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_A-6_Intruder" title="Grumman A-6 Intruder">A-6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_EA-6B_Prowler" title="Grumman EA-6B Prowler">EA-6B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTV_A-7_Corsair_II" title="LTV A-7 Corsair II">A-7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vought_YA-7F" title="Vought YA-7F">A-7F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTV_A-7P_Corsair_II" title="LTV A-7P Corsair II">A-7P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_Model_100" title="General Dynamics Model 100">A-8</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YA-9" title="Northrop YA-9">A-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II" title="Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II">A-10</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">A-11</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-12_Avenger_II" title="McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II">A-12</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">A-13</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embraer_EMB_314_Super_Tucano" title="Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano">A-14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-sequential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">A-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F/A-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">F/A-18E/F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EA-18G_Growler" title="Boeing EA-18G Growler">EA-18G</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor">F/A-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-26_Invader" title="Douglas A-26 Invader">A-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embraer_EMB_314_Super_Tucano" title="Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano">A-29</a></li> <li>A-37<sup><small>3</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_A-37_Dragonfly" title="Cessna A-37 Dragonfly">A-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L3Harris_EA-37B_Compass_Call" title="L3Harris EA-37B Compass Call">EA-37</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_AC-47_Spooky" title="Douglas AC-47 Spooky">AC-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_AC-119" title="Fairchild AC-119">AC-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AC-130" title="Lockheed AC-130">AC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_II" title="Beechcraft T-6 Texan II">AT-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_AU-23_Peacemaker" title="Fairchild AU-23 Peacemaker">AU-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helio_AU-24_Stallion" title="Helio AU-24 Stallion">AU-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Harrier" title="Hawker Siddeley Harrier">AV-8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_AV-8B_Harrier_II" title="McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II">AV-8B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_AV-8B_Harrier_II" title="McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II">AV-16</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Not assigned  •  <sup>2</sup> Unofficial designation  •  <sup>3</sup> Assigned to multiple types<br />Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Template:US_unmanned_aircraft" title="Template:US unmanned aircraft">aerial target</a> or <a href="/wiki/Template:USAF_amphibious_aircraft" title="Template:USAF amphibious aircraft">amphibious aircraft sequences</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Brazilian_Naval_Aviation_aircraft_designations276" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AvN_aircraft_designations" title="Template:AvN aircraft designations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AvN_aircraft_designations" title="Template talk:AvN aircraft designations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AvN_aircraft_designations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AvN aircraft designations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Brazilian_Naval_Aviation_aircraft_designations276" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Naval_Aviation" title="Brazilian Naval Aviation">Brazilian Naval Aviation</a> aircraft designations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Fighter (F)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Helicopter (H)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_47" title="Bell 47">H-1 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Widgeon_(helicopter)" title="Westland Widgeon (helicopter)">H-1 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wasp" title="Westland Wasp">H-2 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_TH-55_Osage" title="Hughes TH-55 Osage">H-2 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Whirlwind_(helicopter)" title="Westland Whirlwind (helicopter)">H-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Whirlwind_(helicopter)" title="Westland Whirlwind (helicopter)">H-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_206" title="Bell 206">H-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Lynx" title="Westland Lynx">H-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS350_%C3%89cureuil" title="Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil">H-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS355_%C3%89cureuil_2" title="Eurocopter AS355 Écureuil 2">H-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS332_Super_Puma" title="Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma">H-14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Trainer (I)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_206" title="Bell 206">I-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Utility (U)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Hiller_FH-1100" title="Fairchild Hiller FH-1100">U-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_47J_Ranger" title="Bell 47J Ranger">U-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Old system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Fighter (C)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Boeing_(B)25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Boeing (B)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-12" title="Boeing P-12">C1B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Courier (D)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Navy (AvN)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">D1AvN</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_58_Weihe" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 58 Weihe">D2AvN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Beechcraft (Be)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_17_Staggerwing" title="Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing">D1Be</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Consolidated (C)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_NY" title="Consolidated NY">D1C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Focke-Wulf (FW)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">D1FW</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_58_Weihe" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 58 Weihe">D2FW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Luscombe (L)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luscombe_Phantom" title="Luscombe Phantom">D1L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Waco (W)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waco_10" title="Waco 10">D1W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco_Standard_Cabin_series" title="Waco Standard Cabin series">D2W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco_F_series" title="Waco F series">D3W</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Reconnaissance (E)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fairey_(F)25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Fairey (F)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Gordon" title="Fairey Gordon">E1F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Training helicopter (HT)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fairey_(F)25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Fairey (F)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_TH-55_Osage" title="Hughes TH-55 Osage">HTH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Utility helicopter (HU)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Westland_(W)27" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Westland (W)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Widgeon_(helicopter)" title="Westland Widgeon (helicopter)">HUW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Whirlwind_(helicopter)" title="Westland Whirlwind (helicopter)">HU2W</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Trainer (I)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Avro (A)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">I1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">I2A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Navy (AvN)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_44_Stieglitz" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 44 Stieglitz">I1AvN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>de Havilland (H)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">I1H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth" title="De Havilland Tiger Moth">I2H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Fox_Moth" title="De Havilland Fox Moth">I3H</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Observation (O)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vought_(V)25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Vought (V)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vought_O2U_Corsair" title="Vought O2U Corsair">O1V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_O2U_Corsair" title="Vought O2U Corsair">O2V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Patrol (P)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Martin (M)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_PN" title="Naval Aircraft Factory PN">P1M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Savoia-Marchetti (S)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.55" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.55">P1S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Advanced trainer (V)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="North_American_(NA)34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>North American (NA)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">V1NA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Not assigned <br /> Designations carried over from <a href="/wiki/United_States_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="United States military aircraft designation systems">American designation systems</a> are not included unless the designations were modified.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334759#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata673" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334759#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata673" 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