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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand_Permanent_Air_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand_Permanent_Air_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>New Zealand Permanent Air Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand_Permanent_Air_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RNZAF_in_the_Pacific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RNZAF_in_the_Pacific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>RNZAF in the Pacific</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RNZAF_in_the_Pacific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_RNZAF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_RNZAF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Postwar RNZAF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_RNZAF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Cold War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Confrontation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confrontation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>Confrontation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confrontation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>Vietnam War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Post-Cold War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2010_Anzac_Day_Iroquois_crash_and_operational_failings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_Anzac_Day_Iroquois_crash_and_operational_failings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>2010 Anzac Day Iroquois crash and operational failings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_Anzac_Day_Iroquois_crash_and_operational_failings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanitarian_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanitarian_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2</span> <span>Humanitarian activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanitarian_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Active_bases_and_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active_bases_and_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Active bases and facilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Active_bases_and_facilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Active bases and facilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Active_bases_and_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Air bases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Support facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Training areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air_Component_Command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_Component_Command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Air Component Command</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_Component_Command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_Staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_Staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Air Staff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_Staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defence_Logistics_Command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence_Logistics_Command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Defence Logistics Command</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence_Logistics_Command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Equipment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_inventory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_inventory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Current inventory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_inventory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retired_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retired_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Retired equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retired_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Display_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Display_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Display teams</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Display_teams-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Display teams subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Display_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Black_Falcons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Falcons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Black Falcons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_Falcons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_Force_Heritage_Flight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_Force_Heritage_Flight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Air Force Heritage Flight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_Force_Heritage_Flight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Previous_display_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Previous_display_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Previous display teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Previous_display_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols,_flags_and_emblems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols,_flags_and_emblems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Symbols, flags and emblems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols,_flags_and_emblems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks_and_uniform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks_and_uniform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ranks and uniform</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ranks_and_uniform-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ranks and uniform subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ranks_and_uniform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aircrew_flying_badges_and_uniform_name_patches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircrew_flying_badges_and_uniform_name_patches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Aircrew flying badges and uniform name patches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircrew_flying_badges_and_uniform_name_patches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rank_structure_and_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_structure_and_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Rank structure and insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_structure_and_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commissioned_officer_ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commissioned_officer_ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Commissioned officer ranks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commissioned_officer_ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Other ranks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_of_the_RNZAF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_of_the_RNZAF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Future of the RNZAF</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Future_of_the_RNZAF-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Future of the RNZAF subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Future_of_the_RNZAF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Future_Air_Mobility_Capability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_Air_Mobility_Capability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Future Air Mobility Capability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_Air_Mobility_Capability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enhanced_Maritime_Awareness_Capability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enhanced_Maritime_Awareness_Capability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Enhanced Maritime Awareness Capability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enhanced_Maritime_Awareness_Capability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal New Zealand Air Force</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koninklike_Nieu-Seelandse_Lugmag" title="Koninklike Nieu-Seelandse Lugmag – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koninklike Nieu-Seelandse Lugmag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="القوات الجوية الملكية النيوزيلندية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القوات الجوية الملكية النيوزيلندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Royal New Zealand Air Force" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Royal New Zealand Air Force" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Royal New Zealand Air Force" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Fuerza_A%C3%A9rea_de_Nueva_Zelanda" title="Real Fuerza Aérea de Nueva Zelanda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Real Fuerza Aérea de Nueva Zelanda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نیروی هوایی سلطنتی نیوزیلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی هوایی سلطنتی نیوزیلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_a%C3%A9rienne_royale_n%C3%A9o-z%C3%A9landaise" title="Force aérienne royale néo-zélandaise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Force aérienne royale néo-zélandaise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%A7%88%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_%EC%99%95%EB%A6%BD_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0" title="뉴질랜드 왕립 공군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴질랜드 왕립 공군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Selandia_Baru" title="Angkatan Udara Selandia Baru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angkatan Udara Selandia Baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Royal New Zealand Air Force" data-language-autonym="Italiano" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Air force component of the New Zealand Defence Force</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Royal New Zealand Air Force</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Te Tauaarangi o Aotearoa</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RNZAF_Crest.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/RNZAF_Crest.svg/200px-RNZAF_Crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/RNZAF_Crest.svg/300px-RNZAF_Crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/RNZAF_Crest.svg/400px-RNZAF_Crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="155" data-file-height="164" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Badge of the Royal New Zealand Air Force</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1913<span class="noprint">; 111 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1913</span>)</span> (first military aviation)</li><li>1923<span class="noprint">; 101 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1923</span>)</span> (New Zealand Permanent Air Force)</li><li>1 April 1937<span class="noprint">; 87 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1937-04-01</span>)</span> (independent service)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial warfare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">2,388 active personnel<br />420 reserve personnel<br />47 aircraft</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">New Zealand Defence Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Per_Ardua_ad_Astra" class="mw-redirect" title="Per Ardua ad Astra">Per Ardua ad Astra</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force_March_Past" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force March Past">Royal New Zealand Air Force March Past</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Anniversaries</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1937</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Airlift" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Airlift">Berlin Airlift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_Confrontation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_in_the_Vietnam_War#Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force_(RNZAF)" title="New Zealand in the Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran/Iraq_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran/Iraq war">Iran/Iraq war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://airforce.mil.nz">airforce<wbr />.mil<wbr />.nz</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542164#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Kiro" title="Cindy Kiro">Dame Cindy Kiro</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Force_(New_Zealand)" title="Chief of Defence Force (New Zealand)">Chief of the Defence Force</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Marshal">Air Marshal</a> Tony Davies</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Air_Force_(New_Zealand)" title="Chief of Air Force (New Zealand)">Chief of the Air Force</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_Vice-Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Vice-Marshal">Air Vice-Marshal</a> Andrew Clark<sup id="cite_ref-2018_appointments_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018_appointments-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Deputy Chief of the Air Force</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_Commodore" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Commodore">Air Commodore</a> Ian Mower</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft_insignia" title="Military aircraft insignia">Roundel</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg/80px-Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg/120px-Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg/160px-Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_New_Zealand_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility_%E2%80%93_Type_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Roundel_of_New_Zealand_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility_%E2%80%93_Type_2.svg/80px-Roundel_of_New_Zealand_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility_%E2%80%93_Type_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Roundel_of_New_Zealand_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility_%E2%80%93_Type_2.svg/120px-Roundel_of_New_Zealand_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility_%E2%80%93_Type_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Roundel_of_New_Zealand_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility_%E2%80%93_Type_2.svg/160px-Roundel_of_New_Zealand_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility_%E2%80%93_Type_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Fin_flash" class="mw-redirect" title="Fin flash">Fin flash</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fin_flash_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Fin_flash_of_New_Zealand.svg/80px-Fin_flash_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Fin_flash_of_New_Zealand.svg/120px-Fin_flash_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Fin_flash_of_New_Zealand.svg/160px-Fin_flash_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Ensign_(flag)" title="Ensign (flag)">Ensign</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/164px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="164" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/246px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/328px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Aircraft flown</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">Helicopter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_A109" class="mw-redirect" title="AgustaWestland A109">AgustaWestland A109</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaman_SH-2G_Super_Seasprite" title="Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite">SH-2G</a>, <a href="/wiki/NHIndustries_NH90" title="NHIndustries NH90">NH90</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Patrol_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrol aircraft">Patrol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">Boeing P-8</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">Trainer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_II" title="Beechcraft T-6 Texan II">T-6 Texan II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Cargo_aircraft" title="Cargo aircraft">Transport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">Super King Air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_757" title="Boeing 757">Boeing 757</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130J_Super_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed C-130J Super Hercules">C-130J Super Hercules</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Royal New Zealand Air Force</b> (<b>RNZAF</b>; <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: <i lang="mi">Te Tauaarangi o Aotearoa</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">aerial</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">service branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">New Zealand Defence Force</a>. It was formed initially in 1923 as a branch of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Army" title="New Zealand Army">New Zealand Army</a>, being known as the New Zealand Permanent Air Force, becoming an independent air force on 1 April 1937. </p><p>The RNZAF fought in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malaya</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> and has undertaken <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">United Nations peacekeeping</a> missions. From a peak of over 1,000 combat aircraft in 1945, the RNZAF has shrunk to a strength of around 48 aircraft in 2022. It focuses on maritime patrol and transport duties in support of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Navy" title="Royal New Zealand Navy">Royal New Zealand Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Army" title="New Zealand Army">New Zealand Army</a>. Its air combat capability ended in 2001, with the disbanding of the <a href="/wiki/A-4_Skyhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="A-4 Skyhawk">A-4 Skyhawk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_MB-339" title="Aermacchi MB-339">Aermacchi MB-339</a> equipped squadrons. </p><p>The Air Force is led by an <a href="/wiki/Air_Vice-Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Vice-Marshal">Air Vice-Marshal</a> who holds the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Air_Force_(New_Zealand)" title="Chief of Air Force (New Zealand)">Chief of Air Force</a>. The RNZAF motto is the same as that of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Per_ardua_ad_astra" title="Per ardua ad astra">Per Ardua ad Astra</a></i>, meaning "Through Adversity to the Stars".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori language</a> name <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Te Tauaarangi o Aotearoa</i></span>, meaning "New Zealand Warriors of the Sky" or more literally "The New Zealand War Party of the Sky", was adopted in 2009; the name had been <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Te Hokowhitu o Kahurangi</i></span></i> ("War Party of the Blue") for the previous 12 years.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>'s military aviation began in 1913 when the New Zealand Army was presented with two <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A9riot_A%C3%A9ronautique" title="Blériot Aéronautique">Blériot</a> <a href="/wiki/Monoplanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoplanes">monoplanes</a> by the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders1Sqn14_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders1Sqn14-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both aircraft were handed back after war broke out.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders1Sqn14_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders1Sqn14-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Great_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Great War">Great War</a>, New Zealand aircrew flew as part of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps" title="Royal Flying Corps">Royal Flying Corps</a> (British Army), British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Air_Service" title="Royal Naval Air Service">Royal Naval Air Service</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Flying_Corps" title="Australian Flying Corps">Australian Flying Corps</a>. New Zealand pilots serving with British Empire forces saw service in all theatres. Fifteen became <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">aces</a>, with the top scorer being <a href="/wiki/Keith_Caldwell" title="Keith Caldwell">Keith Caldwell</a> having, depending on how it is counted, more than 24 victories.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The government assisted two private schools to train pilots for the conflict. The Walsh brothers flying school at <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> was founded by Leo and <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Walsh_(aviator)" title="Vivian Walsh (aviator)">Vivian Walsh</a>—pioneers who had made the first controlled flight in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1915 pilots trained on the <a href="/wiki/Walsh_Brothers_Flying_Boats" title="Walsh Brothers Flying Boats">Walsh Brothers Flying Boats</a> including <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Aeroplane_and_Motor_Company" title="Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company">Curtiss</a> machines, aircraft of their own design and, later in the war, the first two aircraft made by <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>. </p><p>In 1916 Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wigram" title="Henry Wigram">Henry Wigram</a> established the Canterbury Aviation Company at Sockburn, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, and purchased <a href="/wiki/Caudron" title="Caudron">Caudron</a> biplanes from Britain for pilot training. He gave the aerodrome, later <a href="/wiki/Wigram_Aerodrome" title="Wigram Aerodrome">Wigram Aerodrome</a>, to the government for defence purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the war many New Zealand pilots stayed with the new <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> and several had attained high rank by the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Others returned to New Zealand and, serving part-time, provided the nucleus of the New Zealand Permanent Air Force (NZPAF). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand_Permanent_Air_Force">New Zealand Permanent Air Force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New Zealand Permanent Air Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RNZAF_Walrus_NZ158.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/RNZAF_Walrus_NZ158.JPG/220px-RNZAF_Walrus_NZ158.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/RNZAF_Walrus_NZ158.JPG/330px-RNZAF_Walrus_NZ158.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/RNZAF_Walrus_NZ158.JPG/440px-RNZAF_Walrus_NZ158.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="856" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">Supermarine Walrus</a> of the RNZAF's seaplane training flight</figcaption></figure> <p>At the close of hostilities Great Britain offered an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Gift" title="Imperial Gift">Imperial Gift</a> to each of the <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominions</a> of a hundred war-surplus combat aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand was the last to respond and least enthusiastic.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the 33 total aircraft, <a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">Avro 504s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">Bristol F.2 Fighters</a> and, <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland" title="De Havilland">De Havilland</a> designed, <a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.4" title="Airco DH.4">Airco DH.4s</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9" title="Airco DH.9">Airco DH.9s</a>, did reach New Zealand they were either placed in storage or loaned to the flying schools, <a href="/wiki/Barnstorming" title="Barnstorming">barnstormers</a> and commercial operators. </p><p>The importance of aviation in warfare was belatedly recognised, largely thanks to the efforts of visionary parliamentarian Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wigram" title="Henry Wigram">Henry Wigram</a>. On 14 June 1923 the New Zealand Permanent Air Force was gazetted: a part of the Army initially staffed by a total of four officers and two other ranks as full-time staff, plus the New Zealand Air Force with 102 officers on the Reserve lists.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZAFHist_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZAFHist-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was initially equipped with the surviving <a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">Avro 504</a>K, the DH.4s, DH.9s and <a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">Bristol Fighters</a>. These operated from an airfield outside Christchurch at Sockburn. In 1926 Wigram donated £2,500 for the purchase of modern fighters and <a href="/wiki/Gloster_Grebe" title="Gloster Grebe">Gloster Grebes</a> were acquired. Sockburn was later renamed <a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Station_Wigram" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZAF Station Wigram">RNZAF Station Wigram</a>, a name adopted by the suburb which grew up around the airfield. It is the site of the present <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum">Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum</a>. A trickle of new-build Bristol Fighters and other new types joined the NZPAF in the late 1920s and early 1930s. A <a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis gun</a>-equipped <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Gipsy_Moth" class="mw-redirect" title="De Havilland Gipsy Moth">De Havilland Gipsy Moth</a> floatplane took part in naval operations against rebels in <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZAFHist_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZAFHist-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NZPAF's first action came in 1930 when the Moth dropped an improvised bomb made out of a treacle tin on to a ship suspected of gun-running. The bomb did no damage, and the target turned out to be a local missionary vessel. A <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Territorial_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Territorial Air Force">territorial wing</a> of the New Zealand Air Force was raised in 1930 with three squadrons at <a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Station_Hobsonville" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZAF Station Hobsonville">RNZAF Station Hobsonville</a> (with flights at Hamilton and Napier),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wellington and Christchurch though without equipment. A fourth squadron planned for Dunedin had not been raised even by July 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More creditably, <a href="/wiki/Fairey_III" title="Fairey III">Fairey III</a>Fs made a dramatic maritime rescue and in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Napier_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="Napier earthquake">Napier earthquake</a> the NZPAF flew in urgently needed supplies and medical equipment. </p><p>Like other western air arms a major expansion began from the mid-1930s. The NZPAF ordered twelve <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Vildebeest" title="Vickers Vildebeest">Vickers Vildebeests</a> in 1933–34 to form two bomber-reconnaissance flights at Hobsonville and Wigram.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1937 29 <a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Baffin" title="Blackburn Baffin">Blackburn Baffins</a> were purchased specifically to equip the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Territorial_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Territorial Air Force">Territorial Air Force</a> for coastal reconnaissance work. An initial shipment of 16 <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers Vincent">Vickers Vincent</a> bomber-reconnaissance biplanes arrived in July 1939. More modern British types eventually arrived, including significant numbers of <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Oxford" title="Airspeed Oxford">Airspeed Oxfords</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avro_626" title="Avro 626">Avro 626s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Gordon" title="Fairey Gordon">Fairey Gordons</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The NZPAF was renamed the Royal New Zealand Air Force in 1934 and became an independent service in 1937. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supermarine_Spitfire_IX_G-LFIX_-_Flying_Legends_2016_(28123071802).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Supermarine_Spitfire_IX_G-LFIX_-_Flying_Legends_2016_%2828123071802%29.jpg/220px-Supermarine_Spitfire_IX_G-LFIX_-_Flying_Legends_2016_%2828123071802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Supermarine_Spitfire_IX_G-LFIX_-_Flying_Legends_2016_%2828123071802%29.jpg/330px-Supermarine_Spitfire_IX_G-LFIX_-_Flying_Legends_2016_%2828123071802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Supermarine_Spitfire_IX_G-LFIX_-_Flying_Legends_2016_%2828123071802%29.jpg/440px-Supermarine_Spitfire_IX_G-LFIX_-_Flying_Legends_2016_%2828123071802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="2437" /></a><figcaption>The restored Mk IX Spitfire once flown by NZ ace Johnnie Houlton DFC. It was converted to a dual configuration in 1946.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the primary equipment of the RNZAF was to be 30 <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Wellington" title="Vickers Wellington">Vickers Wellington</a> bombers ordered in 1938. The aircraft were completed, and RNZAF crews were training on them in the UK in 1939; but with the outbreak of war in Europe increasingly likely, the New Zealand government offered the aircraft with their crews to the United Kingdom in August 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpencer2020245_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpencer2020245-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They became <a href="/wiki/No._75_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 75 Squadron RAF">No. 75 (New Zealand) Squadron RAF</a> within No 3 Group. Many other New Zealanders were serving in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>. </p><p>The primary role of the RNZAF was to take advantage of New Zealand's distance from the conflict by training aircrew as part of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_Air_Training_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire Air Training Scheme">Empire Air Training Scheme</a>, alongside the other major former British colonies, Canada, Australia and South Africa. For this task large numbers of <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth" title="De Havilland Tiger Moth">de Havilland Tiger Moths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Oxford" title="Airspeed Oxford">Airspeed Oxfords</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">North American Harvards</a> were manufactured or assembled locally; second-hand biplanes—such as <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hind" title="Hawker Hind">Hawker Hinds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers Vincent">Vickers Vincents</a>—were also acquired, as well as other types for specialised training such as <a href="/wiki/Avro_Anson" title="Avro Anson">Avro Ansons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">Supermarine Walruses</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Only when German <a href="/wiki/Armed_merchantman" title="Armed merchantman">surface raiders</a> and Japanese submarines became active was it realised that a combat force would be needed in New Zealand in addition to the trainers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><b>New Zealanders serving with the RAF</b> </p><p>The majority of RNZAF personnel served with RAF units, six RNZAF <a href="/wiki/Article_XV_squadrons" title="Article XV squadrons">Article XV squadrons</a>, which were RNZAF units attached to RAF formations, and the Royal Navy's <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> (FAA). They served in Europe, the Mediterranean, South East Asia and other theatres. Commonwealth personnel under RAF operational control were pooled for operational practicality and many RNZAF airmen also served with <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> or <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> Article XV squadrons. New Zealanders in the RAF itself included pilots, such as the first RAF ace of the war, Flying Officer <a href="/wiki/Cobber_Kain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobber Kain">Cobber Kain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Deere" title="Alan Deere">Alan Deere</a> (whose book <i>Nine Lives</i> was one of the early post-war accounts of combat); and leaders such as the World War I ace, Air Chief Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/Keith_Park" title="Keith Park">Keith Park</a>, who commanded <a href="/wiki/No._11_Group_RAF" title="No. 11 Group RAF">No. 11 Group RAF</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a> and went on to the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">air defence of Malta</a> (and, in the closing stages of the war, Commonwealth air units under <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Command" title="South East Asia Command">South East Asia Command</a>) and Air Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Coningham_(RAF_officer)" title="Arthur Coningham (RAF officer)">Arthur Coningham</a> Air Tactical Commander during the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a> in June 1944 (Coningham and Park had remained with the RAF after WWI). Three RNZAF pilots were awarded the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> while serving with the RAF.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Allen_Ward" title="James Allen Ward">James Allen Ward</a>, a Sergeant Pilot with <a href="/wiki/No._75_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 75 Squadron RNZAF">75 Squadron</a>, was first, when he climbed out onto the wing of his <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Wellington" title="Vickers Wellington">Vickers Wellington</a> bomber to smother an engine fire in flight on 7 July 1941. In 1943 then Wing Commander <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Trent" title="Leonard Trent">Leonard Trent</a> continued to lead an extremely hazardous, but vital, attack at the head of <a href="/wiki/No._487_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 487 Squadron RNZAF">487 Squadron</a> until every aircraft was shot down. The same year, Flying Officer <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Trigg" title="Lloyd Trigg">Lloyd Trigg</a>, serving with <a href="/wiki/No._200_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 200 Squadron RAF">No. 200 Squadron RAF</a> was piloting a <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator">Consolidated B-24 Liberator</a> bomber when it encountered a <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> on the surface off the African coast. He attacked <i><a href="/wiki/U-468" class="mw-redirect" title="U-468">U-468</a></i> but as he did so, the aircraft was hit by the U-boat's anti-aircraft fire and burst into flames. The aircraft continued the attack and sank the U-boat but crashed shortly afterwards, with all the crew being killed. The crew's actions were reported by the U-boat's survivors, and the Victoria Cross was awarded as a result. </p><p>The first NZ squadron to serve with the RAF was not strictly an Article XV squadron. No. 75 Squadron RAF was formed by RNZAF aircrews and <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Wellington" title="Vickers Wellington">Vickers Wellington</a> bombers in August 1939. The squadron later flew <a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">Short Stirlings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">Avro Lancasters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lincoln" title="Avro Lincoln">Avro Lincolns</a>. Through accident or design, other RAF units came to be mostly manned by RNZAF pilots, including <a href="/wiki/No._67_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 67 Squadron RAF">No. 67 Squadron RAF</a> (which ace <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Fisken" title="Geoffrey Fisken">Geoffrey Fisken</a> served with) and <a href="/wiki/No._243_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 243 Squadron RAF">No. 243 Squadron RAF</a> in Singapore, <a href="/wiki/No._258_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 258 Squadron RAF">No. 258 Squadron RAF</a> in the UK. Several <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">Grumman Martlet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">Grumman Hellcat</a> units of the FAA also had New Zealanders in their ranks, leading some texts to claim these types were used by the RNZAF. </p><p>New Zealand Article XV Squadrons included <a href="/wiki/No._485_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 485 Squadron RNZAF">No. 485</a>, which flew <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfires</a> throughout the war; <a href="/wiki/No._486_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 486 Squadron RNZAF">No. 486</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Hawker Typhoons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Tempest" title="Hawker Tempest">Hawker Tempests</a>); <a href="/wiki/No._487_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 487 Squadron RNZAF">No. 487</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">Lockheed Venturas</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">de Havilland Mosquitoes</a>); <a href="/wiki/No._488_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 488 Squadron RNZAF">No. 488</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Brewster_Buffalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewster Buffalo">Brewster Buffaloes</a>, Hurricanes, <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">Bristol Beaufighters</a> and Mosquitoes); <a href="/wiki/No._489_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 489 Squadron RNZAF">No. 489</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim">Bristol Blenheims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufort" title="Bristol Beaufort">Bristol Beauforts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Hampden" title="Handley Page Hampden">Handley Page Hampdens</a>, Beaufighters and Mosquitoes); and <a href="/wiki/No._490_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 490 Squadron RNZAF">No. 490</a>, equipped with <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Catalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Catalina">Consolidated Catalinas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">Short Sunderlands</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RNZAF_in_the_Pacific">RNZAF in the Pacific</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: RNZAF in the Pacific"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P51_Mustang_Wairarapa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/P51_Mustang_Wairarapa.jpg/220px-P51_Mustang_Wairarapa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/P51_Mustang_Wairarapa.jpg/330px-P51_Mustang_Wairarapa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/P51_Mustang_Wairarapa.jpg/440px-P51_Mustang_Wairarapa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="1099" /></a><figcaption>P-51D preserved in No. 3 (Canterbury) TAF colours</figcaption></figure> <p>The presence of German raiders led to the formation of New Zealand-based combat units—initially rearming types, like the Vildebeest, and hurriedly converting impressed airliners, such as the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Express" title="De Havilland Express">de Havilland DH.86</a> to carry bombs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">Lockheed Hudsons</a> were obtained early in 1941 to take over this role. No. 5 Squadron with <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers Vincent">Vickers Vincents</a> and <a href="/wiki/Short_Singapore" title="Short Singapore">Short Singapores</a> was sent to protect Fiji. In December 1941 Japan attacked and rapidly conquered much of the area to the north of New Zealand. With the apparent threat of imminent invasion New Zealand was forced to look to her own defence, as well as to help the United Kingdom. Trainers and airliners in New Zealand were camouflaged and armed and various types, such as the North American Harvard, <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hind" title="Hawker Hind">Hawker Hind</a>, Airspeed Oxford and even the de Havilland Tiger Moth, formed shadow bomber, army co-operation and fighter squadrons for use in the event of invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hudsons moved forward into the South Pacific while No. 5 Squadron, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=RNZAF_Station_Laucala_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RNZAF Station Laucala Bay (page does not exist)">RNZAF Station Laucala Bay</a> in Fiji, commenced operations against the Japanese despite its obsolete equipment. In New Zealand preparations intensified and in 1942 three Groups were established to direct air and, if necessary, air defence operations. </p><p>The vulnerability of New Zealand to <a href="/wiki/Axis_naval_activity_in_New_Zealand_waters" title="Axis naval activity in New Zealand waters">Axis naval activity</a> was demonstrated when a submarine-launched Japanese float plane overflew <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, where it was chased ineffectually by a Tiger Moth. As few combat-capable aircraft were available at home and Britain was unable to help, New Zealand turned to the United States and signed a <a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a> agreement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Gradually at first, America was able to supply New Zealand with aircraft for use in the Pacific Theatre— initially, in 1942, <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawks</a> and additional Harvards and Hudsons. The <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">fall of Singapore</a> led to some evacuated RNZAF pilots, that had been serving in the RAF there, becoming available in New Zealand. These men provided an experienced nucleus around which new fighter squadrons, the first being <a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 14 Squadron RNZAF">No. 14 Squadron RNZAF</a> formed at Masterton, were established. </p><p>From mid-1943, at <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a>, starting with <a href="/wiki/No._15_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 15 Squadron RNZAF">No. 15</a> and <a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 14 Squadron RNZAF">No. 14</a> Squadrons, several RNZAF Kittyhawk units fought with distinction. Several pilots became aces against the Japanese, including <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Fisken" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoff Fisken">Geoff Fisken</a>, the Commonwealth's leading ace in the Pacific war. Other squadrons flew the elderly but effective <a href="/wiki/Douglas_SBD_Dauntless" title="Douglas SBD Dauntless">Douglas Dauntless</a> and, later, the modern <a href="/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger">Grumman Avenger</a> torpedo bomber. From 12 October 1943, as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cartwheel" title="Operation Cartwheel">Operation Cartwheel</a>, RNZAF aircraft joined an <a href="/wiki/Carrier_raids_on_Rabaul_(1943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier raids on Rabaul (1943)">allied air campaign</a> against Japanese held airfields and the port of Rabaul. </p><p>The RNZAF took on a significant part of the maritime reconnaissance task with Catalina (and later Sunderland) flying boats and Hudson bombers. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fiskencat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fiskencat.jpg/220px-Fiskencat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fiskencat.jpg/330px-Fiskencat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fiskencat.jpg/440px-Fiskencat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2701" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Fisken" title="Geoffrey Fisken">Geoff Fisken</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The role of the RNZAF changed as the allies moved onto the offensive. The Americans, leaders of the Allied nations in the Pacific, planned to <a href="/wiki/Leapfrogging_(strategy)" title="Leapfrogging (strategy)">bypass major Japanese strongholds</a>, instead capturing a handful of island bases to provide a supply chain for an eventual attack on Japan itself. The Allied advance started from the South Pacific. The RNZAF was part of the force tasked with securing the line of advance by incapacitating bypassed Japanese strongholds, for example, Rabaul. </p><p>As the war progressed the older types were replaced with more powerful modern aircraft; Kittyhawks gave way to <a href="/wiki/Vought_F4U_Corsair" title="Vought F4U Corsair">Vought F4U Corsairs</a>, while Hudsons were replaced by Venturas. At the close of war the RNZAF was planning to bring 320 <a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">North American P-51 Mustangs</a> into service as part replacement for the F4U. </p><p>At its peak, in the Pacific, the RNZAF had 34 squadrons – 25 of which were based outside New Zealand and in action against Japanese forces.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Thirteen of these squadrons were equipped with Corsairs, six with Venturas, two with Catalinas, two with Avengers and two with <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Douglas Dakota</a> transport aircraft. The RNZAF also had a squadron of Dauntless dive bombers, several mixed transport and communications squadrons, a flight of Short Sunderlands and almost 1,000 training machines.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> To administer units in the South Pacific, <a href="/w/index.php?title=No._1_(Islands)_Group_RNZAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 1 (Islands) Group RNZAF (page does not exist)">No. 1 (Islands) Group RNZAF</a> was formed, with Air Commodore <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Wallingford" title="Sidney Wallingford">Sidney Wallingford</a> as its commander, on 10 March 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to this, several hundred RNZAF personnel saw action with RAF squadrons or the FAA in Burma, Singapore and the South Pacific. </p><p>By 1945 the RNZAF had over 41,000 personnel, including just over 10,000 aircrew who served with the RAF in Europe and Africa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar_RNZAF">Postwar RNZAF</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Postwar RNZAF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the post war period the RNZAF dealt progressively with demobilisation and disposal of its large obsolete fleet, rearmament to support the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, some loss of training opportunities with the American suspension of <a href="/wiki/ANZUS_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="ANZUS Treaty">ANZUS Treaty</a> obligations in protest at New Zealand becoming a nuclear free zone, social changes which saw women become combat pilots, and the loss of combat capability. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, <a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 14 Squadron RNZAF">No. 14 Squadron RNZAF</a> was sent to <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> as part of the occupation <a href="/wiki/J_Force" title="J Force">J Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rest of the air force rapidly divested itself of aircraft and manpower and settled mainly into training and transport mode before the advent of the rejuvenated <a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 14 Squadron RNZAF">No. 14 Squadron RNZAF</a> and <a href="/wiki/No._75_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 75 Squadron RNZAF">No. 75 Squadron RNZAF</a>. </p><p>From 1949 <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_Military_Training" class="mw-redirect" title="Compulsory Military Training">Compulsory Military Training</a> reinvigorated the reserve component of the Air Force. The four Territorial squadrons, <a href="/wiki/No._1_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 1 Squadron RNZAF">No. 1 Squadron RNZAF</a> (Auckland), Wellington, Canterbury and <a href="/wiki/No._4_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 4 Squadron RNZAF">No. 4 Squadron, Territorial Air Force</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Taieri_Aerodrome" title="Taieri Aerodrome">Taieri Aerodrome</a>, were equipped with the 30 Mustangs re-activated from storage, along with a few Tiger Moths and Harvards for each squadron. No. 4 Squadron TAF was active from at least 1951–55. From 1952 to 1957 <a href="/wiki/No._6_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 6 Squadron RNZAF">No. 6 Flying Boat Squadron</a> operated as a Territorial unit at Hobsonville, flying Catalinas and later Sunderlands. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HP.67_Hastings_C.3_NZ5804_40_Sqn_RNZAF_LAP_10.10.53_edited-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/HP.67_Hastings_C.3_NZ5804_40_Sqn_RNZAF_LAP_10.10.53_edited-2.jpg/220px-HP.67_Hastings_C.3_NZ5804_40_Sqn_RNZAF_LAP_10.10.53_edited-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/HP.67_Hastings_C.3_NZ5804_40_Sqn_RNZAF_LAP_10.10.53_edited-2.jpg/330px-HP.67_Hastings_C.3_NZ5804_40_Sqn_RNZAF_LAP_10.10.53_edited-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/HP.67_Hastings_C.3_NZ5804_40_Sqn_RNZAF_LAP_10.10.53_edited-2.jpg/440px-HP.67_Hastings_C.3_NZ5804_40_Sqn_RNZAF_LAP_10.10.53_edited-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1078" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Hastings" title="Handley Page Hastings">Hastings</a> C.3 of 40 Squadron RNZAF in 1953</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Gloster_Meteor" title="Gloster Meteor">Gloster Meteor</a> arrived in 1945, introducing the jet age.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The force was equipped from 1946 with the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">de Havilland Mosquito</a> before the arrival of <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">de Havilland Vampires</a>. Initially used in peacekeeping in Cyprus and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> the Vampires were supplemented by loaned <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Venom" title="De Havilland Venom">de Havilland Venoms</a> and, later, <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">English Electric Canberras</a>, both of which saw action in the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a> and subsequent confrontation with <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Internal communications and transport and other services were maintained by <a href="/wiki/No._42_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 42 Squadron RNZAF">No. 42 Squadron RNZAF</a>. It supported the Army and Navy using <a href="/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger">Grumman TBM-1 Avengers</a>, the Territorial Air Force's <a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51D_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="North American P-51D Mustang">North American P-51D Mustangs</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_American_Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Harvard">North American Harvards</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Very_Important_Person" class="mw-redirect" title="Very Important Person">VIPs</a> with <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Devon" class="mw-redirect" title="De Havilland Devon">De Havilland Devons</a>, also used for support, communications and multi-engine conversion training, and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Douglas C-47</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">Douglas DC-6</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Hastings" title="Handley Page Hastings">Handley Page Hastings</a> for VIP and communications support. Nos. <a href="/wiki/No._5_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 5 Squadron RNZAF">5</a> and <a href="/wiki/No._6_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 6 Squadron RNZAF">6</a> Squadrons traded their <a href="/wiki/Lend-lease" class="mw-redirect" title="Lend-lease">lend-lease</a> Catalinas for <a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">Short Sunderland</a> MR5s operating in maritime patrol and search and rescue roles from Hobsonville and Laucala Bay, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6 Squadron was disbanded while 5 Squadron received <a href="/wiki/P-3_Orion" class="mw-redirect" title="P-3 Orion">P-3B Orions</a> in 1965. </p><p>A research flight helped develop <a href="/wiki/Aerial_Topdressing" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial Topdressing">Aerial Topdressing</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1957, the Territorial Air Force (TAF) was formally disbanded following a review of New Zealand's local defences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Malayan Emergency</b> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a> was declared by the British government on 18 June 1948 after several rubber plantation workers were killed in a revenge attack over the deaths of labour activists killed in police charges. This led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_National_Liberation_Army" title="Malayan National Liberation Army">Malayan National Liberation Army</a> (MNLA), a communist guerrilla organisation. New Zealand's first contribution came in 1949, when <a href="/wiki/C-47_Skytrain" class="mw-redirect" title="C-47 Skytrain">C-47 Dakotas</a> of <a href="/wiki/No._41_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 41 Squadron RNZAF">RNZAF No. 41 Squadron</a> were attached to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>'s <a href="/wiki/RAF_Far_East_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Far East Air Force">Far East Air Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The C-47s were used to airdrop supplies to British and Malay forces fighting the MNLA, away from their usual station location in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. By the time the aircraft were withdrawn in late 1951, 211 sorties had been carried out, dropping 284,000 kg of supplies. </p><p><b>Korean War</b> </p><p>Although no RNZAF units were sent to Korea, a number of New Zealanders flew with other air forces in the conflict. Two men flew <a href="/wiki/Gloster_Meteor" title="Gloster Meteor">Gloster Meteor</a> jets with <a href="/wiki/No._77_Squadron_RAAF" title="No. 77 Squadron RAAF">No. 77 Squadron RAAF</a>; one, <a href="/wiki/Vance_Drummond" title="Vance Drummond">Vance Drummond</a>, was shot down and captured. A New Zealand Army artillery lieutenant was attached to a USAF tactical control unit as an observer in light aircraft. New Zealand born <a href="/wiki/Alan_Boxer" title="Alan Boxer">Alan Boxer</a>, later a British air marshal, flew <a href="/wiki/B-29_Superfortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-29 Superfortress">B-29 Superfortress</a> missions on USAF attachment. One New Zealander flying in Korea as a lieutenant in the British Royal Navy from <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ocean_(R68)" title="HMS Ocean (R68)">HMS <i>Ocean</i></a>, Cedric Macpherson, was killed on 11 February 1953 when his <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Sea_Fury" title="Hawker Sea Fury">Hawker Sea Fury</a> was shot down by ground fire. Five New Zealanders took part in Royal Australian Navy missions over Korea from the Australian carrier <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Sydney_(R17)" title="HMAS Sydney (R17)">HMAS <i>Sydney</i></a>. Some of these pilots were former RNZAF members, others joining directly the British and Australian forces.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Far Eastern Strategic Reserve (FESR)</b> </p><p>In 1955, the RNZAF established bases in Singapore and Malaysia. No. 41 Squadron moved to <a href="/wiki/Changi_Airport" title="Changi Airport">Changi</a>, while No. 14 Squadron relocated to <a href="/wiki/Tengah_Air_Base" title="Tengah Air Base">Tengah</a>. These two squadrons represented New Zealand's air contributions to the newly created <a href="/wiki/Far_East_Strategic_Reserve" title="Far East Strategic Reserve">Far East Strategic Reserve</a>. </p><p>On 1 May 1955, the air force carried out its first strike mission since the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and its first with <a href="/wiki/Jet_aircraft" title="Jet aircraft">jet aircraft</a>, using <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">de Havilland Vampires</a> of <a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 14 Squadron RNZAF">No. 14 Squadron RNZAF</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1955, the squadron was re-equipped with <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Venom" title="De Havilland Venom">de Havilland Venoms</a> and carried out 115 strike missions.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The squadron was replaced in 1958 by <a href="/wiki/No._75_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 75 Squadron RNZAF">No. 75 Squadron</a> flying <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">English Electric Canberras</a> from their operational station in <a href="/wiki/Tengah" title="Tengah">Tengah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1955 <a href="/wiki/No._41_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 41 Squadron RNZAF">No. 41 Squadron</a> returned to <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Malaya</a> and resumed supply dropping operations in support of anti-guerrilla forces, this time using the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Freighter" title="Bristol Freighter">Bristol Freighter</a>. Bristol Freighter serial NZ5901 crashed in the <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands" title="Cameron Highlands">Cameron Highlands</a> during supply drop operations on 10 December 1956. The aircraft flew into a valley and collided with a 4000-foot <a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">fog</a> shrouded <a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">ridge</a>. SQNLDR Alexander Tie, FLTOFF William Devescovi, FLTOFF Douglas Nelson and 5 passengers were killed, while a single passenger survived and was later rescued. </p><p><b>Antarctic Flight</b> </p><p>The RNZAF Antarctic Flight was formed in 1956 to assist the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a>, equipped with an <a href="/wiki/Taylorcraft_Auster" title="Taylorcraft Auster">Auster Mk.7c</a> purchased from the <a href="/wiki/Air_Ministry" title="Air Ministry">UK Air Ministry</a> (NZ1707), <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-3_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter">De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter</a> (NZ6081), and a <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-2_Beaver" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver">De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver</a> (NZ6001, changed to NZ6010 to remove overlapping numbers with an RNZAF <a href="/wiki/Gloster_Meteor" title="Gloster Meteor">Gloster Meteor</a>), with hardened and equipped with <a href="/wiki/Ski_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Ski plane">skis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It helped transport men, dog teams and supplies, and carried out geological mapping over the summers of 1956, 1957 and 1958 before disbanding in 1960. Operations in Antarctica resumed in 1965 when a Hercules flew the first of what have become annual summer flights from Christchurch to the continent. To the present day, the RNZAF operates both <a href="/wiki/Boeing_757" title="Boeing 757">Boeing 757</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">Lockheed C-130 Hercules</a> to <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Airfield" title="Phoenix Airfield">Phoenix Airfield</a>. </p><p><b>Post-war Modernisation</b> </p><p>The Chief of Air Staff appointed in June 1962 was Air Vice-Marshal <a href="/wiki/Ian_Morrison_(RNZAF_officer)" title="Ian Morrison (RNZAF officer)">Ian G. Morrison</a>, who was to oversee the modernisation of the RNZAF.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greener stated that Morrison '..saw the three elements of the Air Force—strike capability, transport, and maritime patrol—as being of equal value, and sought improvements in aircraft in each area. The following aircraft were purchased or put on order. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk">Douglas A-4 Skyhawk</a> – Primary Light Attack/Fighter Aircraft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">Lockheed P-3 Orion</a> – Maritime Patrol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">Lockheed C-130 Hercules</a> – Transport Aircraft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_47" title="Bell 47">Bell 47</a> – Training Helicopter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">Bell UH-1</a> – Utility Helicopter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wasp" title="Westland Wasp">Westland Wasp</a> – Naval based helicopter</li></ul> <p>Morrisons modernisation programme saw the RNZAF switch primarily from British to American aircraft, reflecting the strategic alliances at the time. The arrival of the Bell 47 introduced the helicopter to the RNZAF. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Confrontation">Confrontation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Confrontation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1964 New Zealand began helping Malaysia to fight Indonesia’s attempt to wrest control of the North Borneo territories in what was known as <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Confrontation</a>. This role, which continued until 1966, saw New Zealand soldiers from 1RNZIR and NZ SAS mount covert cross-border raids into Indonesia. RNZAF flew continuous missions from the RAF base at Changi, Singapore resupplying the Commonwealth forces at the firebases and outposts located on the borders.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vietnam_War">Vietnam War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Vietnam War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="New Zealand in the Vietnam War">New Zealand in the Vietnam War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RNZAF_UH-1H_Huey_(6131565976).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/RNZAF_UH-1H_Huey_%286131565976%29.jpg/220px-RNZAF_UH-1H_Huey_%286131565976%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/RNZAF_UH-1H_Huey_%286131565976%29.jpg/330px-RNZAF_UH-1H_Huey_%286131565976%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/RNZAF_UH-1H_Huey_%286131565976%29.jpg/440px-RNZAF_UH-1H_Huey_%286131565976%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2632" data-file-height="2012" /></a><figcaption>RNZAF UH-1H Huey</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1962, the primary RNZAF contribution to the Vietnam War was <a href="/wiki/No._40_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 40 Squadron RNZAF">No. 40 Squadron RNZAF</a> and <a href="/wiki/No._41_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 41 Squadron RNZAF">No. 41 Squadron RNZAF</a> providing troop transport for military and non-military personnel and resupply runs. 40 Sqn flew from New Zealand or from the RAF base in Singapore, usually via Australia, to Vietnam and elsewhere in South East Asia using <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">Lockheed C-130 Hercules</a> freighters. 41 Sqn flew from Singapore to Hong Kong via South East Asia using <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Hastings" title="Handley Page Hastings">Handley Page Hastings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Freighter" title="Bristol Freighter">Bristol 170 Freighters</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/1st_Australian_Task_Force" title="1st Australian Task Force">1st Australian Task Force</a> was established at <a href="/wiki/Nui_Dat" title="Nui Dat">Nui Dat</a> an airfield was built to accommodate the RNZAF freighters so that personnel and supplies could be delivered more directly.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canberra bombers were deployed in a non combat role, with crew observing American operations, and deploying to South Vietnam to conduct joint training with the USAF. </p><p>As 1ATF expanded, in June 1966, <a href="/wiki/No._9_Squadron_RAAF" title="No. 9 Squadron RAAF">No. 9 Squadron RAAF</a> had gone to <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> and based itself at <a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u" title="Vũng Tàu">Vung Tau</a>, equipped with <a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">Bell UH-1 Iroquois</a> aircraft. Politically and operationally, it was advantageous for the RNZAF to assist the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF</a>, who were facing a shortage of available pilots. In all, 16 RNZAF officers would serve in operational service in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam</a> with <a href="/wiki/No._9_Squadron_RAAF" title="No. 9 Squadron RAAF">No. 9 Squadron RAAF</a>. Flight Lieutenant Bill Waterhouse, the RNZAF's only Māori helicopter pilot at the time was killed in January 1969 flying an Iroquois in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> while preparing for service in <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>. </p><p>The RNZAF additionally provided assistance in a <a href="/wiki/Forward_air_control_during_the_Vietnam_War" title="Forward air control during the Vietnam War">Forward Air Control</a> role in Vietnam flying with the USAF 20th Tactical Air Support Squadron at <a href="/wiki/Da_Nang_Air_Base" title="Da Nang Air Base">Da Nang Air Base</a>, and USAF 19th Tactical Air Support Squadron at <a href="/wiki/Bien_Hoa_Air_Base" title="Bien Hoa Air Base">Bien Hoa Air Base</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Cessna_O-1_Bird_Dog" title="Cessna O-1 Bird Dog">O-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cessna_O-2_Skymaster" title="Cessna O-2 Skymaster">O-2</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">OV-10</a> aircraft. </p><p>A small detachment of RNZAF ground crew from <a href="/wiki/No._75_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 75 Squadron RNZAF">No. 75 Squadron RNZAF</a> were also attached to a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S Marine Corps</a> <a href="/wiki/VMA-311" class="mw-redirect" title="VMA-311">VMA-311</a> A-4 Skyhawk unit at <a href="/wiki/Chu_Lai_Air_Base" title="Chu Lai Air Base">Chu Lai</a>. </p><p>RNZAF personnel were numerous in the New Zealand Services Medical Team (NZSMT) and one went on to be part of the subsequent New Zealand Army Training Team (NZATTV.) RNZAF personnel were also posted to HQ V Force and worked primarily in Saigon in a range of liaison duties. One RNZAF member of the NZSMT, Sgt Gordon Watt, was killed by an improvised trap in 1970, the RNZAF's only casualty of the war. A memorial to Watt is on display at the <a href="/wiki/Ohakea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohakea">Ohakea</a> Base Medical flight, and there is also the "Gordon Watt Memorial Award" for the RNZAF's top medic award, named in his honour. </p><p>Flights to support the medical team at <a href="/wiki/Qui_Nhon" class="mw-redirect" title="Qui Nhon">Qui Nhon</a> and the New Zealand embassy in <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Saigon</a> continued after the withdrawal of New Zealand ground forces in 1971. </p><p>In early April 1975 the squadron established a detachment at <a href="/wiki/Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport" title="Tan Son Nhat International Airport">Tan Son Nhat International Airport</a> near Saigon to evacuate New Zealand personnel from the country as North Vietnamese forces <a href="/wiki/1975_Spring_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="1975 Spring Offensive">rapidly advanced</a>. The last No. 41 Squadron flight out of the country departed on 21 April carrying 38 embassy staff (including the New Zealand Ambassador) and refugees, just prior to the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">fall of Saigon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><b>ANZUK, and ANZUS Co-operation</b> Following the end of conflict in Vietnam, the RNZAF adopted a stronger maritime focus. Long range surveillance patrols became more frequent in the waters around New Zealand as P-3 Orion crews and Navy Westland Wasp Helicopters hunted for Soviet and Chinese vessels in New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone. At the same time, aircrews adopted closer ties with the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> through the <a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a> alliance. The first overseas deployment of the new <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk">A-4 Skyhawks</a> occurred in 1971 to <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Williamtown" title="RAAF Base Williamtown">RAAF Base Williamtown</a> and <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Albatross_(air_station)" title="HMAS Albatross (air station)">HMAS Albatross</a> in Australia. Skyhawk crews would be supported by <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">Hercules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Andover" title="Hawker Siddeley Andover">Andover</a>, and later <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a> aircraft to provide ground support crew and allow the setup of mobile <a href="/wiki/Tactical_air_navigation_system" title="Tactical air navigation system">TACAN</a> stations. Additionally eight single seater Skyhawks were sent to <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> to participate in Exercise Vanguard.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deployments occurred on a regular basis to <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-4K_with_75_Sqn_RNZAF_members_1982.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/A-4K_with_75_Sqn_RNZAF_members_1982.JPEG/220px-A-4K_with_75_Sqn_RNZAF_members_1982.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/A-4K_with_75_Sqn_RNZAF_members_1982.JPEG/330px-A-4K_with_75_Sqn_RNZAF_members_1982.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/A-4K_with_75_Sqn_RNZAF_members_1982.JPEG/440px-A-4K_with_75_Sqn_RNZAF_members_1982.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2654" data-file-height="1793" /></a><figcaption>The A-4 Skyhawk NZ6206 involved in the Kin Nan Incident, is seen here at <a href="/wiki/Clark_Air_Base" title="Clark Air Base">Clark Air Base</a>, 1982.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 14 Squadron RNZAF">No. 14 Squadron</a> took up the role of advanced training. It briefly operated a small number (up to four) of two-seat <a href="/wiki/A-4_Skyhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="A-4 Skyhawk">A-4 Skyhawks</a> and two-seat T.11 Vampires before re-equipping with 16 <a href="/wiki/BAC_Strikemaster" title="BAC Strikemaster">BAC Strikemaster</a> light attack aircraft in 1972. <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Freighter" title="Bristol Freighter">Bristol Freighters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Douglas Dakotas</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dove" title="De Havilland Dove">De Havilland Devon</a> were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Andover" title="Hawker Siddeley Andover">Hawker Siddeley Andover</a> and second hand <a href="/wiki/Fokker_F27_Friendship" title="Fokker F27 Friendship">Fokker F-27 Frendships</a>. Additionally, three Boeing 727 aircraft were purchased in 1981 for use as air transport. <a href="/wiki/Cessna_421" class="mw-redirect" title="Cessna 421">Cessna 421C Golden Eagle</a> aircraft were also used for transport and VIP duties. </p><p>Another major change during this decade was the integration of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Women%27s_Auxiliary_Air_Force" title="New Zealand Women's Auxiliary Air Force">Women's Auxiliary Air Force</a> into the Air Force in 1977, removing most restrictions on their employment and career opportunities, with the exception of some aircrew branches. </p><p>Throughout the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Ohakea" title="RNZAF Base Ohakea">RNZAF Ohakea</a> would also see significant visits from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a>. The RNZAF additionally participated in a number of ANZUS joint exercises in this period. </p><p>The Kin Nan Incident occurred in March 1976. The <i>Kin Nan</i> was a Taiwanese squid fishing boat operating illegally within <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_waters" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand waters">New Zealand waters</a>. Following a failure to reply to warning shots and messages from two RNZN Patrol boats, several Skyhawks, were sent to intercept the ship, armed with <a href="/wiki/Zuni_(rocket)" title="Zuni (rocket)">Zuni</a> rockets and <a href="/wiki/20mm_cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="20mm cannon">20mm</a> rounds.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Skyhawk operated by Jim Jennings (NZ6206) fired a 53-round burst at the boat, causing it to stop and allow the Navy to board it.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Skyhawk involved is preserved at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Transport_%26_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Transport & Technology">Museum of Transport & Technology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><b>Fourth Labour Government, anti nuclear legislation and ANZUS split</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nuclear-free_zone" title="New Zealand nuclear-free zone">New Zealand nuclear-free zone</a></div> <p>Following the end of the US friendly <a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Muldoon</a> government, and the subsequent election of <a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand">Fourth Labour Government</a>, the RNZAF severed overt military ties with the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> military reoriented towards more <a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">globalist</a> and international roles such as <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">United Nations peacekeeping</a>. Under the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Nuclear_Free_Zone,_Disarmament,_and_Arms_Control_Act_1987" title="New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987">New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> territorial sea, land and airspace of New Zealand became <a href="/wiki/Nuclear-free_zone" title="Nuclear-free zone">nuclear-free zones</a>. This had a dramatic effect on the efficiencies of the Air Force's combat squadrons. With the lack of opportunities to practice operations skills, it became extremely difficult to maintain pace with the Air Forces New Zealand had traditionally worked with.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1980s, the RNZAF held an active role in United Nations operations in the Sinai Peninsula and Iran. This time period also saw the end of involvement in Singapore. No. 1 Squadron was deactivated in December 1984, and its Andovers were transferred to No. 42 Squadron.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><b>Project Kahu</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Project_Kahu" title="Project Kahu">Project Kahu</a></div> <p>By the 1980s, the Skyhawks were reaching the end of their effective use. A comprehensive upgrade to the Skyhawk began, along with the purchase of used A-4G Skyhawks from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a>. The Skyhawk upgrade included a new radar, <a href="/wiki/HOTAS" title="HOTAS">HOTAS</a> controls, <a href="/wiki/Glass_cockpit" title="Glass cockpit">glass cockpit</a> with <a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">HUD</a> and new <a href="/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system" title="Inertial navigation system">inertial navigation system</a>. The aircraft also received armament upgrades including the capability to fire <a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9L Sidewinders</a>, <a href="/wiki/AGM-65_Maverick" title="AGM-65 Maverick">AGM-65 Mavericks</a> and <a href="/wiki/GBU-16_Paveway_II" title="GBU-16 Paveway II">GBU-16 Paveway II</a> <a href="/wiki/Laser-guided_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser-guided bombs">laser-guided bombs</a>. The cost of the project was NZ$140 million and gave the RNZAF Skyhawks the electronic “eyes and ears” of a modern fighter aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/F-16_Fighting_Falcon" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 Fighting Falcon</a> or <a href="/wiki/F/A-18_Hornet" class="mw-redirect" title="F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18 Hornet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To complement these upgrades, 18 new <a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_MB-339" title="Aermacchi MB-339">Aermacchi MB-339</a> were introduced as an advanced jet trainer, replacing the <a href="/wiki/BAC_Strikemaster" title="BAC Strikemaster">British Aerospace Strikemaster</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Cold_War">Post-Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post-Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_727-100_(RNZAF)_91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Boeing_727-100_%28RNZAF%29_91.jpg/220px-Boeing_727-100_%28RNZAF%29_91.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Boeing_727-100_%28RNZAF%29_91.jpg/330px-Boeing_727-100_%28RNZAF%29_91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Boeing_727-100_%28RNZAF%29_91.jpg/440px-Boeing_727-100_%28RNZAF%29_91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>RNZAF <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a> in 2001.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 50th anniversary of the RNZAF was celebrated with a gold painted Skyhawk and large scale formations with <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk">Skyhawks</a> and <a href="/wiki/BAC_Strikemaster" title="BAC Strikemaster">Strikemasters</a>. An airshow at RNZAF Ohakea was held, with visiting aircraft from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a>. </p><p>In February 1991 <a href="/wiki/No._2_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 2 Squadron RNZAF">No. 2 Squadron</a> was reformed, then relocated to <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Albatross_(air_station)" title="HMAS Albatross (air station)">HMAS <i>Albatross</i></a> in Australia with the updated Kahu Skyhawks to provide the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a>, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a>, with Air Defence Support, participating in exercises with RAN warships. The squadron was equipped with two A-4K and four TA-4K aircraft supported by 50 to 60 personnel. No. 2 Squadron continued to provide air defence training to the ADF until November 2001. </p><p>The end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> saw dramatic changes in the composition of the RNZAF. With government policies from the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand">Fourth Labour Government</a> urging to reduce public spending, the RNZAF began to consolidate its facilities, led by Minister of Defence <a href="/wiki/Bob_Tizard" title="Bob Tizard">Bob Tizard</a>. The Air Force Stores Depot at <a href="/wiki/Te_Rapa" title="Te Rapa">Te Rapa</a> was closed in 1992, with redevelopment into <a href="/wiki/The_Base_(shopping_centre)" title="The Base (shopping centre)">The Base Shopping Centre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 September 1995, the closing parade was held for the first RNZAF airfield, <a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Station_Wigram" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZAF Station Wigram">RNZAF Station Wigram</a> in Christchurch.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The support base <a href="/w/index.php?title=RNZAF_Shelly_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RNZAF Shelly Bay (page does not exist)">RNZAF Shelly Bay</a>, located on Wellington's Miramar peninsula, also closed. The helicopter and former seaplane base <a href="/w/index.php?title=RNZAF_Hobsonville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RNZAF Hobsonville (page does not exist)">RNZAF Hobsonville</a> was sold to <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81inga_Ora" title="Kāinga Ora">Housing New Zealand</a>, and is being redeveloped as a residential area by the Hobsonville Land Company.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Wigram and <a href="/wiki/Hobsonville" title="Hobsonville">Hobsonvillle</a> have been redeveloped into housing areas, while Shelly Bay remains abandoned. Following the neoliberal ideology of the 1990s, non core activities such as maintenance and food catering have been privatized and contracted out. Despite the reduction in budget and manpower, international deployments by the Air Force were expanded.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Gulf War, two Hercules and personnel of <a href="/wiki/No._40_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 40 Squadron RNZAF">No. 40 Squadron</a> were deployed to the Gulf War, where they operated as part of a Royal Air Force Hercules Squadron.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/No._2_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 2 Squadron RNZAF">No. 2 Squadron RNZAF</a> continued service at <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Albatross_(air_station)" title="HMAS Albatross (air station)">Nowra</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, providing training for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> and conversion for RNZAF Skyhawk pilots. No. 42 Squadron spent five months deployed in Somalia, with three Andover transport planes. Humanitarian airlifts were conducted by Hercules and Boeing aircraft of <a href="/wiki/No._40_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 40 Squadron RNZAF">No. 40 Squadron</a> in the Middle East and <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwanda</a>. <a href="/wiki/No._40_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 40 Squadron RNZAF">No. 40 Squadron</a> also provided air transport support to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Army" title="New Zealand Army">NZ Army</a> contingent in <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnia</a>. </p><p>The RNZAF had a sizeable involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_conflict" title="Bougainville conflict">Bougainville conflict</a>, involving C-130 transport aircraft UH-1 Iroquois, and Westland Wasp helicopters. Aircraft also supported several UN missions such as <a href="/wiki/UNTAET" class="mw-redirect" title="UNTAET">UNTAET</a> while carrying out peacetime tasks for governmental and civilian purposes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wasp" title="Westland Wasp">Westland Wasp</a> helicopters were replaced with Kaman <a href="/wiki/SH-2_Seasprite" class="mw-redirect" title="SH-2 Seasprite">SH-2 Seasprite</a> helicopters, awaiting further orders of <a href="/wiki/Kaman_SH-2G_Super_Seasprite" title="Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite">SH-2G Super Seasprites</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Air Combat Force Disbandment</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Air_Combat_Force_Disbandment" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZAF Air Combat Force Disbandment">RNZAF Air Combat Force Disbandment</a></div> <p>In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National Government</a> selected an order of 28 <a href="/wiki/F-16" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16">F-16</a>A/B aircraft to replace the fleet of A-4 Skyhawks but this procurement was cancelled in 2001 following election by the incoming <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour Government</a> under <a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a>. This was followed by the disbanding of <a href="/wiki/No._2_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 2 Squadron RNZAF">No 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/No._75_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 75 Squadron RNZAF">No 75</a> Skyhawk squadrons and the <a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 14 Squadron RNZAF">No 14</a> <a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_MB-339" title="Aermacchi MB-339">Aermacchi</a> squadron, removing the RNZAF's air combat capability.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, most of the RNZAF's fighter pilots left New Zealand to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2003 the RNZAF was reduced to a total of 53 aircraft and 2,523 personnel (including civilian employees). </p><p>In 2005 the Ministry of Defence selected the <a href="/wiki/NHI_NH90" class="mw-redirect" title="NHI NH90">NH90</a> <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a> to replace the RNZAF's ageing fleet of 14 <a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">UH-1H Iroquois</a>. The NZ government allocated NZ$550 million to replace the Iroquois and <a href="/wiki/Bell_47" title="Bell 47">Bell 47</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a>) training helicopters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In November 2011, a private defence contractor in the United States, <a href="/wiki/Draken_International" title="Draken International">Draken International</a>, purchased eight of the stored RNZAF A-4K Skyhawks and nine of the Aermacchi MB-339s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The aircraft are utilised for commercial air services as an adversary squadron. </p><p>New Zealand took an option to purchase C-130J Hercules from Lockheed Martin as a part of an Australian purchase in the late 1990s but following the 1999 election the new Labour government decided not to proceed with the purchase. Instead a NZD$226m service life extension programme (LEP) was arranged with L3 <a href="/wiki/Spar_Aerospace" title="Spar Aerospace">Spar Aerospace</a> of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LEP will see the C-130 Hercules with the most flying hours in the world remain in use until about 2025. </p><p>Since 2001, RNZAF P-3K Orions and C-130 Hercules have made periodic deployments in support of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> in Afghanistan. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RNZAF_NH90_banking.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RNZAF_NH90_banking.jpg/220px-RNZAF_NH90_banking.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RNZAF_NH90_banking.jpg/330px-RNZAF_NH90_banking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RNZAF_NH90_banking.jpg/440px-RNZAF_NH90_banking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3273" data-file-height="1962" /></a><figcaption>RNZAF NH90</figcaption></figure> <p>The Naval Support Flight was separated from 3 Squadron to re-form 6 Squadron in October 2005.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In October 2007 the government announced it had selected the <a href="/wiki/Agusta_A109" class="mw-redirect" title="Agusta A109">Agusta A109</a> as the preferred replacement for the Sioux helicopters.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chief of Air Force, Air Vice-Marshal <a href="/wiki/Graham_Lintott" title="Graham Lintott">Graham Lintott</a>, said the A109 "will provide an effective platform to train aircrew in basic helicopter operations plus the advanced skills required to operate both the SH-2 Seasprite and the NH90 helicopter that will come into service in 2010."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008 the Defence Minister expressed the desire to return to service all 17 Aermacchi trainers to supplement Army and Navy operations.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a> said at the time that it was extremely unlikely that any jet training would be restored in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010_Anzac_Day_Iroquois_crash_and_operational_failings">2010 Anzac Day Iroquois crash and operational failings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2010 Anzac Day Iroquois crash and operational failings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three servicemen of <a href="/wiki/No._3_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 3 Squadron RNZAF">No. 3 Squadron RNZAF</a> were killed, and a fourth seriously injured when their Iroquois NZ3806 crashed in heavy fog, while travelling in a group of two other aircraft the early morning from <a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Ohakea" title="RNZAF Base Ohakea">RNZAF Base Ohakea</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, as part of a flypast for the <a href="/wiki/Anzac_Day" title="Anzac Day">Anzac Day dawn service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Iroquois crashed into steep terrain near <a href="/wiki/Pukerua_Bay" title="Pukerua Bay">Pukerua Bay</a>, located in the hills above the <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_1_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 1 (New Zealand)">Centennial Highway</a>, about 40 km northeast of Wellington. <a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">Flight lieutenant</a> Hayden Madsen, <a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">flying officer</a> Daniel Gregory and <a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">corporal</a> Benjamin Carson were killed in the accident, while <a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">sergeant</a> Stevin Creeggan sustained serious injuries and was required to be sent to <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Hospital,_New_Zealand" title="Wellington Hospital, New Zealand">Wellington Hospital</a> for treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rescue operations and recovery of the bodies were conducted by another <a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">UH-1H</a> aircraft from No. 3 Squadron RNZAF, as well as a Wellington Westpac Rescue Helicopter <a href="/wiki/MBB/Kawasaki_BK_117" title="MBB/Kawasaki BK 117">BK117</a>, although efforts were hampered by the heavy fog in the area. </p><p>ANZAC services around the country made special mention of the accident. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a> reported the news to crowds at <a href="/wiki/Anzac_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Anzac Cove">Anzac Cove</a>, stating: <i>"Our thoughts and our heartfelt condolences go out to the families of the lost, along with the servicemen and women of the Royal New Zealand Air Force, as they mourn the loss of three good mates."</i> A full military funeral service with <a href="/wiki/Guard_of_honour" title="Guard of honour">guard of honour</a> was held for the three fallen servicemen at <a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Ohakea" title="RNZAF Base Ohakea">RNZAF Base Ohakea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Court of Inquiry found that a number of factors had created an environment where the crew had underestimated operating risks and, consequently, undertook inadequate preparation, particular in regards to the use of <a href="/wiki/Night-vision_device" title="Night-vision device">night vision equipment</a>, and preparing for <a href="/wiki/Inclement_weather" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclement weather">inclement weather</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current advent of <a href="/wiki/Instrument_meteorological_conditions" title="Instrument meteorological conditions">instrument meteorological conditions</a> was thought to have resulted in an overload of crew capacity, compounded with low flying experience and training deficiencies in the RNZAF as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The air force's accident report cited training problems particularly in regards to instrument flying and night vision goggles, with the lack of instructor manuals or guides due to resourcing and logistical issues. Several issues with the <a href="/wiki/Chain_of_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Chain of Command">chain of command</a> and restrictions of operating in <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Airport" title="Wellington Airport">Wellington</a> airspace were also highlighted. It also found there was a culture of "rule breaking" among No. 3 Squadron. Furthermore, the analysis report stated that the need to minimize accommodation costs incurred by No. 3 Squadron due to pressure on the Air Force budget contributed to the decision to fly early in the morning, rather than during daylight hours of the previous day. </p><p>After suffering serious injuries from the crash, <a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">sergeant</a> Stevin Creeggan returned to service in January 2011. However, after claiming poor support, and an unsupportive culture of assistance and medical care, Creeggan left the Air Force in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2014, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">New Zealand Defence Force</a> pleaded guilty on failing to provide an adequately safe workplace in a private prosecution taken by Creeggan, and ordered to pay a total reparation of $90,000<sup id="cite_ref-rnz.co.nz_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnz.co.nz-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Creeggan told the Wellington District Court of his injuries and health problems, as well as <a href="/wiki/Survivor_guilt" title="Survivor guilt">survivor's guilt</a>. Lawyer Tim MacKenzie said that the Air Force had failed to ensure the crew had sufficient training and experience, allowing a lax culture, which may have led personnel to believe they could cut corners. Defence Force lawyer, Nigel Luci-Smith, said it accepts it failed to prevent the tragedy, additionally stating that the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">New Zealand Defence Force</a> unreservedly apologises to the men and their families and the people of New Zealand for the short-comings that failed to prevent loss of life and the injuries to Sergeant Creeggan.<sup id="cite_ref-rnz.co.nz_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnz.co.nz-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Humanitarian_activities">Humanitarian activities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Humanitarian activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RNZAF_(NZ7005)_Lockheed_C-130H_Hercules_flying_display_at_last_day_of_the_2019_Australian_International_Airshow_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/RNZAF_%28NZ7005%29_Lockheed_C-130H_Hercules_flying_display_at_last_day_of_the_2019_Australian_International_Airshow_%284%29.jpg/220px-RNZAF_%28NZ7005%29_Lockheed_C-130H_Hercules_flying_display_at_last_day_of_the_2019_Australian_International_Airshow_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/RNZAF_%28NZ7005%29_Lockheed_C-130H_Hercules_flying_display_at_last_day_of_the_2019_Australian_International_Airshow_%284%29.jpg/330px-RNZAF_%28NZ7005%29_Lockheed_C-130H_Hercules_flying_display_at_last_day_of_the_2019_Australian_International_Airshow_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/RNZAF_%28NZ7005%29_Lockheed_C-130H_Hercules_flying_display_at_last_day_of_the_2019_Australian_International_Airshow_%284%29.jpg/440px-RNZAF_%28NZ7005%29_Lockheed_C-130H_Hercules_flying_display_at_last_day_of_the_2019_Australian_International_Airshow_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>RNZAF C-130H Hercules of No. 40 Squadron</figcaption></figure> <p>In recent years the RNZAF has been involved in a number of domestic incidents, especially natural disasters that have hit the region. </p> <ul><li>Following the <a href="/wiki/2009_Samoa_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami">2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami</a> the RNZAF deployed several P-3 Orions initially to assess the damage and search for bodies in the immediate aftermath of the incident. The day after the tsunami a <a href="/wiki/C-130" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130">C-130</a> Hercules carrying mobile <a href="/wiki/Morgue" title="Morgue">morgues</a>, medical staff and supplies to the area helped with recovery efforts. Following this the RNZAF worked closely with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> (RAAF), the <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/US_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="US Air Force">US Air Force</a> to provide airlifts and supply drops for several weeks after the disaster. RNZAF also provided assistance on the ground in both <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>. The RNZAF and <a href="/wiki/Air_New_Zealand" title="Air New Zealand">Air New Zealand</a> also arranged for the evacuation of all tourists from Samoa to <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>.</li> <li>In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Canterbury_earthquake" title="2010 Canterbury earthquake">2010 Canterbury earthquake</a> on 4 September 2010 a C-130 Hercules transported Search and Rescue Teams from <a href="/wiki/Whenuapai_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Whenuapai Air Base">Whenuapai Air Base</a> to <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a> that morning to aid in relief efforts. This was followed later in the afternoon by the deployment from Ohakea Air Base of two Iroquois Helicopters which provided aerial reconnaissance and damage assessments. Due to disrupted supplies at <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Airport" title="Christchurch Airport">Christchurch Airport</a> an RNZAF fuel tanker was also despatched from Ohakea Air Base to supply these aircraft.</li> <li>Responding to the February <a href="/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">2011 Christchurch earthquake</a> the RNZAF deployed three C-130 Hercules, two <a href="/wiki/Boeing_757" title="Boeing 757">Boeing 757s</a>, a <a href="/wiki/P-3_Orion" class="mw-redirect" title="P-3 Orion">P-3 Orion</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">Beechcraft B200</a> aircraft and three <a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1H" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell UH-1H">Bell UH-1H</a> helicopters to assist the people of Christchurch. The aircraft flew around the clock to deploy police and medical personnel. C-130s and B757s also acted as aero-medical aircraft and evacuated victims and tourists to <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> and Auckland in the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a>. This was the single biggest movement of personnel and freight by the RNZAF in its history. C-130s from the RAAF and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force" title="Republic of Singapore Air Force">RSAF</a> were also deployed to the area and worked in conjunction with the RNZAF.</li> <li>In December 2011 the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> fishing vessel <i><a href="/wiki/Sparta_(ship)" title="Sparta (ship)">Sparta</a></i> struck an iceberg in the <a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea" title="Ross Sea">Ross Sea</a>, RNZAF C-130s made two flights from New Zealand to <a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Station" title="McMurdo Station">McMurdo Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, air-dropping supplies to the crew <i>en route</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2013 the RNZAF sent one C-130 Hercules to the Philippines after a hurricane for disaster relief and evacuation of locals.</li> <li>Following the disappearance of Malaysian Airlines flight <a href="/wiki/MH-370" class="mw-redirect" title="MH-370">MH-370</a> in March 2014, an RNZAF P-3K2 Orion was deployed to <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Butterworth" class="mw-redirect" title="RAAF Base Butterworth">RAAF Base Butterworth</a> to assist with the search for the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777" title="Boeing 777">Boeing 777</a>. The Orion aircraft and crew was then re-tasked and conducted their operations from <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Pearce" title="RAAF Base Pearce">RAAF Base Pearce</a> near <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, searching the Southern Indian Ocean for <a href="/wiki/MH-370" class="mw-redirect" title="MH-370">MH-370</a> alongside other international aircraft and crews.</li> <li>To safeguard trade routes from the threat of piracy, a P-3K2 Orion was deployed to the Middle East from July 2014 until December 2015. The Orion conducted anti-piracy and maritime surveillance activities in support of the Combined Maritime Forces coalition in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Responding to <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Winston" title="Cyclone Winston">Cyclone Winston</a> that devastated <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> in February 2016 the RNZAF deployed a P-3 Orion, C-130 Hercules and Boeing 757, and two NH-90s aboard <a href="/wiki/HMNZS_Canterbury_(L421)" title="HMNZS Canterbury (L421)">HMNZS <i>Canterbury</i></a>. Specialist NZ Fire Service teams and NZ Army engineers flew to Fiji in the Boeing 757.</li> <li>In response to the <a href="/wiki/2016_Kaik%C5%8Dura_earthquake" title="2016 Kaikōura earthquake">2016 Kaikōura earthquake</a> the magnitude 7.8 earthquake devastated <a href="/wiki/North_Canterbury" class="mw-redirect" title="North Canterbury">North Canterbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura" title="Kaikōura">Kaikōura</a>. The RNZAF deployed four NH-90 helicopters, C-130 Hercules, and a P-3K2 Orion for survey damage. The RNZAF NH-90s were tasked with evacuating over 1000 tourists and transporting food and supplies to the town of Kaikōura and surrounding areas. The <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Air_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Air Force">Royal Malaysian Air Force</a> also offered helicopters to assist with the evacuation of tourists and transportation of rescue personnel. Nearly 200 people had been airlifted out of Kaikōura by late evening on 15 November, with about 1,000 still to be evacuated on the following morning.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">Fall of Kabul</a> on 15 August 2021, the New Zealand Government dispatched a single <a href="/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a> plane (NZ7005) with a contingent of troops to assist in the evacuation of New Zealand citizens and Afghans who had aided the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">NZDF</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kabul_International_Airport" title="Kabul International Airport">Hamid Karzai International Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 August, the RNZAF suspended its evacuation flights following the <a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Kabul airport attacks">2021 Kabul airport attacks</a>. By 28 August, the NZDF had evacuated 370 people from Afghanistan to the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, awaiting further transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Active_bases_and_facilities">Active bases and facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Active bases and facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_military_bases" title="List of New Zealand military bases">List of New Zealand military bases</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px"><div style="position:relative;width:150px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_relief_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force is located in New Zealand"><img alt="Royal New Zealand Air Force is located in New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/New_Zealand_relief_map.jpg/150px-New_Zealand_relief_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/New_Zealand_relief_map.jpg/225px-New_Zealand_relief_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/New_Zealand_relief_map.jpg/300px-New_Zealand_relief_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1514" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.775%;left:66.138%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Auckland"><img alt="Auckland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/5px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/8px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/10px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><b>Auckland</b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.805%;left:60.379%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Woodbourne"><img alt="Woodbourne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/5px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/8px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/10px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><b>Woodbourne</b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.368%;left:71.877%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ohakea"><img alt="Ohakea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/5px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/8px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/10px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><b>Ohakea</b></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_relief_map.jpg" title="File:New Zealand relief map.jpg">class=notpageimage| </a></div><b>RNZAF Air Bases</b></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_bases">Air bases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Air bases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Auckland" title="RNZAF Base Auckland">RNZAF Base Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Ohakea" title="RNZAF Base Ohakea">RNZAF Base Ohakea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulls,_New_Zealand" title="Bulls, New Zealand">Bulls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB_District" title="Manawatū District">Manawatū</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Woodbourne" title="RNZAF Base Woodbourne">RNZAF Base Woodbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blenheim,_New_Zealand" title="Blenheim, New Zealand">Blenheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Marlborough Region">Marlborough</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_facilities">Support facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Support facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Air Movements Rongotai, <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Airport" title="Wellington Airport">Wellington International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>.</li> <li>Air Movements Harewood, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch International Airport">Christchurch International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training_areas">Training areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Training areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kaipara Bombing Range, <a href="/wiki/Kaipara_District" title="Kaipara District">Kaipara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>.</li> <li>Raumai Bombing Range, <a href="/wiki/Ohakea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohakea">Ohakea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB_District" title="Manawatū District">Manawatū</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Dip_Flat" title="RNZAF Dip Flat">RNZAF Dip Flat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Lakes_National_Park" title="Nelson Lakes National Park">Nelson Lakes</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Museum_of_New_Zealand" title="Air Force Museum of New Zealand">Air Force Museum of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wigram" title="Wigram">Wigram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Structure of the Royal New Zealand Air Force">Structure of the Royal New Zealand Air Force</a></div> <p>The RNZAF's force operates in conjunction with the rest of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">New Zealand Defence Force</a>. The chain of command runs from Defence Force headquarters in central Wellington to <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_Joint_Forces_New_Zealand" title="Headquarters Joint Forces New Zealand">Headquarters Joint Forces New Zealand</a> (HQ JFNZ) at <a href="/wiki/Trentham_Military_Camp" title="Trentham Military Camp">Trentham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Hutt" title="Upper Hutt">Upper Hutt</a>. Under the Commander Joint Forces New Zealand (a rear admiral, air vice-marshal, or major general, depending on rotation) is the Air Component Commander, an <a href="/wiki/Air_Commodore" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Commodore">Air Commodore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RNZAF is divided into three commands: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_Component_Command">Air Component Command</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Air Component Command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Responsible for command, training and generation of all flying training and all Air Force organisations, assigned to enable New Zealand's following capabilities: </p> <ul><li>Air Surveillance and Response</li> <li>Naval Air Support</li> <li>Strategic, theatre and tactical air mobility capability.</li></ul> <p><b>RNZAF Base Auckland</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._6_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 6 Squadron RNZAF">No. 6 Squadron</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kaman_SH-2G_Super_Seasprite" title="Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite">SH-2 Super Seasprite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._40_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 40 Squadron RNZAF">No. 40 Squadron</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130J_Super_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed C-130J Super Hercules">C-130J Super Hercules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_757" title="Boeing 757">Boeing 757</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._230_(Mission_Support)_Squadron_RNZAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 230 (Mission Support) Squadron RNZAF (page does not exist)">No. 230 (Mission Support) Squadron</a> – Headquarters for the Intelligence and Communications sections</li> <li>RNZAF Parachute Training and Support Unit</li> <li>Operations Squadron</li></ul> <p><b>RNZAF Base Ohakea</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._3_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 3 Squadron RNZAF">No. 3 Squadron</a> – <a href="/wiki/NHIndustries_NH90" title="NHIndustries NH90">NH90</a>, <a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW109" title="AgustaWestland AW109">AW109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._5_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 5 Squadron RNZAF">No. 5 Squadron</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">P-8 Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 14 Squadron RNZAF">No. 14 Squadron</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_II" title="Beechcraft T-6 Texan II">T-6 Texan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._42_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 42 Squadron RNZAF">No. 42 Squadron</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">King Air 350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Flying_School_RNZAF" title="Central Flying School RNZAF">Central Flying School</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_II" title="Beechcraft T-6 Texan II">T-6 Texan II</a></li> <li>RNZAF Historic Flight</li> <li>Operations Squadron</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_Staff">Air Staff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Air Staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Provides advice and staff support to the Chief of Air Force, enabling them to command the RNZAF, and fulfil prescribed responsibilities to the Chief of Defence Force for the implementation of approved policy and plans. Air Staff comprises </p> <ul><li>Office of Strategy Management</li> <li>Training and Support</li> <li>Directorate of Air Force Safety and Health</li> <li>Directorate of Career Management</li> <li>Directorate of Engineering and Technical Airworthiness</li> <li>Air Force Museum of New Zealand</li></ul> <p><b>RNZAF Base Woodbourne</b> </p> <ul><li>Command and Recruit Training Squadron</li> <li>Command Training School</li> <li>Technical Training Squadron</li> <li>Aircraft Repair Depot</li> <li>NZDF Physical Instructors Training School</li> <li>Directorate of Defence Security</li> <li>Mission Support Training Squadron</li> <li>Airbus</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defence_Logistics_Command">Defence Logistics Command</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Defence Logistics Command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Defence Logistics Command personnel are spread across the three air force bases. They provide a range of services needed to sustain aircraft on deployment. Defence Logistics Command is organised into the following areas: </p> <ul><li>Quality Management Office</li> <li>Material Support Wings</li> <li>Maintenance Wings</li> <li>Business Support Units</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_inventory">Current inventory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Current inventory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LUH-109_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/LUH-109_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-LUH-109_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/LUH-109_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-LUH-109_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/LUH-109_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-LUH-109_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3945" data-file-height="2294" /></a><figcaption>An AW109 lifts off from <a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Ohakea" title="RNZAF Base Ohakea">RNZAF Base Ohakea</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#acc;">Aircraft </th> <th style="text-align: center; background:#acc;">Origin </th> <th style="text-align:l center; background:#acc;">Type </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#acc;">Variant </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#acc;">In service </th> <th style="text-align: center; background:#acc;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">Maritime patrol</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">Boeing P-8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">ASW</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">Patrol</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>4<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft" title="Military transport aircraft">Transport</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_757" title="Boeing 757">Boeing 757</a> </td> <td>United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft" title="Military transport aircraft">Transport</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>2<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a> </td> <td>United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airlift#Tactical_airlift" title="Airlift">Tactical airlift</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules#Variants" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130H</a> </td> <td>3<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2 retired from service </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules" title="Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules">C-130J Super Hercules</a> </td> <td>United States </td> <td>Tactical airlift </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules" title="Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules">C-130J-30</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 delivered out of 5 orders.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Helicopters" class="mw-redirect" title="Helicopters">Helicopters</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NHIndustries_NH90" title="NHIndustries NH90">NHIndustries NH90</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> / <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Utility_helicopter" title="Utility helicopter">Utility</a> / Transport </td> <td> </td> <td>8<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>A 9th airframe is used for <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_part" title="Aircraft part">parts</a><sup id="cite_ref-Janes_New_Zealand_receives_final_NH90_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janes_New_Zealand_receives_final_NH90-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaman_SH-2G_Super_Seasprite" title="Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite">SH-2G Super Seasprite</a> </td> <td>United States </td> <td>ASW / Patrol </td> <td> </td> <td>5<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_71-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3 airframes withdrawn for parts </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW109" title="AgustaWestland AW109">AgustaWestland AW109</a> </td> <td>Italy </td> <td>Light utility </td> <td> </td> <td>5<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_71-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">Trainer aircraft</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_II" title="Beechcraft T-6 Texan II">T-6 Texan II</a> </td> <td>United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">Trainer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_II#Variants" title="Beechcraft T-6 Texan II">T-6C</a> </td> <td>11<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_71-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">Super King Air</a> </td> <td>United States </td> <td>Multi-engine trainer / Patrol </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air#Variants" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">350</a> </td> <td>4<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_71-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2 aircraft converted for the maritime patrol mission.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retired_equipment">Retired equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Retired equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TA-4K_CrowValley_1984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/TA-4K_CrowValley_1984.jpg/220px-TA-4K_CrowValley_1984.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/TA-4K_CrowValley_1984.jpg/330px-TA-4K_CrowValley_1984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/TA-4K_CrowValley_1984.jpg/440px-TA-4K_CrowValley_1984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1202" /></a><figcaption>RNZAF TA-4K in Crow Valley </figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">In storage / Conditional Lease </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#acc;">Aircraft </th> <th style="text-align: center; background:#acc;">Origin </th> <th style="text-align:l center; background:#acc;">Type </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#acc;">Variant </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#acc;">Numbers </th> <th style="text-align: center; background:#acc;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="align: center; background: lavender;">Fixed-wing </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">Lockheed P-3 Orion</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">ASW</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">Patrol</a> </td> <td>P-3K2 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>All marked for "retirement and final disposal."<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_MB-339" title="Aermacchi MB-339">MB-339</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">CAS</a> / <a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">Trainer</a> </td> <td>MB-339CB </td> <td>17 </td> <td>Sold to many different companies and forces<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk">A-4 Skyhawk</a> </td> <td>United States / <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_Enemy_Air_Defenses" title="Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses">SEAD</a> / Naval Patrol / CAS / <a href="/wiki/Anti-access/area_denial" title="Anti-access/area denial">Anti Access</a> </td> <td>A-4K <a href="/wiki/Project_Kahu" title="Project Kahu">Kahu</a>-spec </td> <td>24 (5 in storage, leased to museums)<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>were 24. 4-5 lost to accidents, <a href="/wiki/Draken_International" title="Draken International">8 sold</a>, 5 on lease, 2 in private ownership<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1 in flying condition under warbirds </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Rotary-wing </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">UH-1 Iroquois</a> </td> <td>United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a> / <a href="/wiki/Air_assault" title="Air assault">Air Assault</a> / CAS / <a href="/wiki/Medical_evacuation" title="Medical evacuation">Med-Evac</a> </td> <td>UH-1H </td> <td>21 </td> <td>NZ3803, 3804, 3805, 3807, 3809, 3811, 3812, 3814, 3815, 3816 all sold to Dakota Airparts of Fargo USA; delivered to buyer in 2016. 3 lost to accidents; 2 were on lease from USA in 1980s; 1 used as parts donor; the parts donor and rest of the aircraft have beem moved into museums (or similar) <sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table><p>Previous aircraft operated were the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">de Havilland Vampire</a>, <a href="/wiki/BAC_Strikemaster" title="BAC Strikemaster">BAC Strikemaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4G_Skyhawk#Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk">A-4K Skyhawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAC_CT/4_Airtrainer" title="PAC CT/4 Airtrainer">CT-4 Airtrainer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Superfreighter" title="Bristol Superfreighter">Bristol Type 170</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-47_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="C-47 Dakota">C-47 Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auster_Autocar" title="Auster Autocar">Auster Autocar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Consul" title="Airspeed Consul">Airspeed Consul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a>, <a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">Short Sunderland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Oxford" title="Airspeed Oxford">Airspeed Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westland_Wasp" title="Westland Wasp">Westland Wasp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_H-13_Sioux" title="Bell H-13 Sioux">Bell 47G</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">Bell UH-1</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Display_teams">Display teams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Display teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_Falcons">Black Falcons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Black Falcons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Black_Falcons" title="Black Falcons">Black Falcons</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_flying_by.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_flying_by.jpg/220px-Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_flying_by.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_flying_by.jpg/330px-Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_flying_by.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_flying_by.jpg/440px-Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_flying_by.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>RNZAF T-6 Texan of No. 14 Squadron</figcaption></figure> <p>The Black Falcons are the current aerobatic display team of the Royal New Zealand Air Force, replacing their predecessor "<a href="/wiki/Red_Checkers" title="Red Checkers">The Red Checkers</a>". In January 2016 the <a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Central_Flying_School" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZAF Central Flying School">Central Flying School (CFS)</a> began flying 11 <a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_II" title="Beechcraft T-6 Texan II">Beechcraft T-6 Texan II</a>, sharing the aircraft with <a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 14 Squadron RNZAF">No. 14 Squadron</a>. The team is made up of Qualified Flying Instructors of the Central Flying School and No.14 Squadron. The bulk of the team generally come from CFS, with the Team Leader (Falcon 1) normally also holding the post of Officer Commanding Central Flying School. The new team's first display was scheduled for the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Wings_over_Wairarapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Wings over Wairarapa">Wings over Wairarapa</a> airshow, but bad weather caused the displays to be cancelled. Instead the first display was held at the RNZAF 80th Anniversary Air Tattoo at the team's home base, <a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Ohakea" title="RNZAF Base Ohakea">RNZAF Base Ohakea</a>, the following week. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_Force_Heritage_Flight">Air Force Heritage Flight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Air Force Heritage Flight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Air Force Heritage Flight of New Zealand is a collaborative partnership between the RNZAF and a number of civil organisations created in 2022. Its purpose is to operate heritage aircraft that are relevant to the history and traditions of the air force. Replacing the RNZAF Historic Flight, the air force provides pilots to fly a number of aircraft for the purposes of conducting flypasts and displays around New Zealand. </p><p><b>Heritage Flight aircraft</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Aircraft </th> <th>Origin </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Variant </th> <th>In service </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">North American T-6 Harvard</a> </td> <td>United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">Trainer</a> </td> <td>T-6 Mk III </td> <td>1 (NZ1037) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:02_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth" title="De Havilland Tiger Moth">de Havilland Tiger Moth</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> </td> <td>Trainer </td> <td>DH.82a </td> <td>1 (NZ662) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:02_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a> </td> <td>British Empire </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter</a> </td> <td>LF Mk. IX E </td> <td>1 (PV270) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:02_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grumman_TBM_Avenger" class="mw-redirect" title="Grumman TBM Avenger">Grumman TBM Avenger</a> </td> <td>United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">Torpedo bomber</a> </td> <td>TBM-3E </td> <td>1 (NZ2518) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:02_86-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51" class="mw-redirect" title="North American P-51">North American P-51</a> </td> <td>United States </td> <td>Fighter </td> <td>NA P-51D </td> <td>1 (NZ2423) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:02_86-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Previous_display_teams">Previous display teams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Previous display teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>RNZAF Historic Flight</li> <li>Black Falcons</li> <li>Red Checkers</li> <li>Kiwi Red</li> <li>RAGNSBQGAT</li> <li>Jetobatics</li> <li>Yellow Hammers</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols,_flags_and_emblems"><span id="Symbols.2C_flags_and_emblems"></span>Symbols, flags and emblems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Symbols, flags and emblems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RNZAF_parachutist_Whenuapai_Air_Show_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/RNZAF_parachutist_Whenuapai_Air_Show_2009.jpg/220px-RNZAF_parachutist_Whenuapai_Air_Show_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/RNZAF_parachutist_Whenuapai_Air_Show_2009.jpg/330px-RNZAF_parachutist_Whenuapai_Air_Show_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/RNZAF_parachutist_Whenuapai_Air_Show_2009.jpg/440px-RNZAF_parachutist_Whenuapai_Air_Show_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A member of the RNZAF Parachute Training and Support Unit trails the paratrooper flag during the air show at Whenuapai in March 2009.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force_Ensign" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force Ensign">RNZAF ensign</a> was approved in 1939, based on the ensign of the Royal Air Force, with the letters "NZ" inserted within the roundel. Until the 1950s NZPAF and RNZAF aircraft flew with <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_roundels" title="Royal Air Force roundels">Royal Air Force roundels</a>; sometimes only the "NZ" prefix to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_military_aircraft_serials" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom military aircraft serials">serial</a> number revealed its nationality within the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>. A white <a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(bird)" title="Kiwi (bird)">kiwi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Silver_fern" title="Silver fern">silver fern</a> on a black background or a <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand flag">New Zealand flag</a> frequently appeared on RNZAF aircraft, and also on RAF aircraft with NZ aircrew. Map outlines of New Zealand with a Kiwi superimposed appeared on the tails of <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">Canberras</a> flown from Singapore in the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>; <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Venom" title="De Havilland Venom">Venoms</a> used in the conflict had a white kiwi on a black tail. </p><p>From the mid-1950s RNZAF roundels were modified by a fern frond within the inner red circle. Several colours were tried, including green, gold and finally white. The first two were too difficult to spot and the last looked too much like a <a href="/wiki/White_feather" title="White feather">white feather</a> that further attempts with ferns were dropped and the Kiwi bird was adopted at the end of the 1960s. To assist camouflage in the 1980s the white was sometimes eliminated, giving a red kiwi within a blue circle (e.g. on <a href="/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">Hercules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_MB-339" title="Aermacchi MB-339">Aermacchis</a> and <a href="/wiki/A-4_Skyhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="A-4 Skyhawk">Skyhawks</a>). The kiwi roundel is now frequently a black circle around a black kiwi (Hercules, <a href="/wiki/UH-1_Iroquois" class="mw-redirect" title="UH-1 Iroquois">Iroquois</a>) or two-tone grey (<a href="/wiki/P-3_Orion" class="mw-redirect" title="P-3 Orion">Orion</a>, <a href="/wiki/SH-2_Seasprite" class="mw-redirect" title="SH-2 Seasprite">Sea Sprite</a>). The nose is always forward and on wings the legs are inwards, towards to the fuselage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ranks_and_uniform">Ranks and uniform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Ranks and uniform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RNZAF rank titles and uniform remain similar to the Royal Air Force. The rank structure of the RNZAF was established within the context of the desire to ensure that the service remained separate from both the Army and Navy. The rank structure came to be: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Ranks">Junior Ranks</a>: Aircraftman, Leading Aircraftman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Commissioned_Officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Commissioned Officers">Non-Commissioned Officers</a>: Corporal, Sergeant, Flight Sergeant, Warrant Officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioned_Officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned Officers">Commissioned Officers</a>: Pilot Officer, Flying Officer, Flight Lieutenant, Squadron Leader, Wing Commander, Group Captain, Air Commodore, Air Vice-Marshal, Air Marshal</li></ul> <p>The service dress uniform is deep blue in colour with light blue coloured rank worn on the sleeves of the uniform. There are many variations of the uniform that personnel wear during the course of their duties. Since 2010 the shoulder identifier says "ROYAL NEW ZEALAND AIR FORCE"; this was to correct a perceived confusion with the uniform of the New Zealand Police, despite many other more obvious differences. </p><p>In 2022 the RNZAF selected the multi terrain pattern (NZMTP) uniform for all ground trades. The uniform was selected to replace the General Purpose Uniform (GPU) that had been in service since 2015. GPU was deemed ineffective for a number of reasons, one that it was not suitable for overseas operations due to having no camouflage pattern, and secondly due to its heat retention in warmer climates. </p><p>In 2016 as part of the Air Warrior project, aircrew began trialling <a href="/wiki/MultiCam" title="MultiCam">MultiCam</a> uniform to replace the DPM variant they have been using since the late 1980s. Trials for the uniform will be completed in 2016. For all flying duties aircrew wear a Nomex flame retardant green coloured one or two piece flight suit. Operations to a desert environment see aircrew wear a sand coloured version of the green uniform. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aircrew_flying_badges_and_uniform_name_patches">Aircrew flying badges and uniform name patches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Aircrew flying badges and uniform name patches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RNZAF badges closely follow the style inherited from the Royal Air Force, with a badge worn on the left breast. A key difference is that pilot's wings bear the letters <i>NZ</i> rather than <i>RAF,</i> and that the single wing of other aircrew still have the letters of the trade they represent. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_(AM_2001.25.31-1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Badge_%28AM_2001.25.31-1%29.jpg/220px-Badge_%28AM_2001.25.31-1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Badge_%28AM_2001.25.31-1%29.jpg/330px-Badge_%28AM_2001.25.31-1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Badge_%28AM_2001.25.31-1%29.jpg/440px-Badge_%28AM_2001.25.31-1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>RNZAF Flying Badge</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Flying badges </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Crew designation </th> <th>Details </th> <th>Active </th> <th>Retired </th></tr> <tr> <td>Pilot </td> <td>NZ lettering </td> <td>1923 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Air Warfare Officer <p>Air Warfare Specialist </p> </td> <td>AW lettering </td> <td>2007 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Engineer </td> <td>E lettering </td> <td>1942 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Loadmaster </td> <td>LM lettering </td> <td>1970 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Air Ordnanceman </td> <td>AO lettering </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Helicopter Loadmaster </td> <td>HL lettering </td> <td>2016 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Flight Steward </td> <td>FS lettering </td> <td>1980 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parachute Jump Instructor </td> <td>Parachute patch </td> <td>1963 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Helicopter Crewman </td> <td>HC lettering </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Navigator </td> <td>N lettering </td> <td>1942 </td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Air Bomber </td> <td>B lettering </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Electronics Operator </td> <td>AE lettering </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Air Quartermaster </td> <td>QM lettering </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Air Signaller </td> <td>S lettering </td> <td>1948 </td> <td>1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Air Gunner </td> <td>AG lettering </td> <td>1939 </td> <td>1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Observer </td> <td>O letter outline </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>1942 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rank_structure_and_insignia">Rank structure and insignia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Rank structure and insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_military_ranks" title="New Zealand military ranks">New Zealand military ranks</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commissioned_officer_ranks">Commissioned officer ranks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Commissioned officer ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rank insignia of <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned officer">commissioned officers</a>. </p> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General / flag officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-NewZealand_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewZealand-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-10_Sleeve.svg/75px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-10_Sleeve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-10_Sleeve.svg/100px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-10_Sleeve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-8_Sleeve.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Air marshal"><img alt="Air marshal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-8_Sleeve.svg/50px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-8_Sleeve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-8_Sleeve.svg/75px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-8_Sleeve.svg.png 1.5x, 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-6_Sleeve.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Air commodore"><img alt="Air commodore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-6_Sleeve.svg/50px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-6_Sleeve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-6_Sleeve.svg/75px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-6_Sleeve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-6_Sleeve.svg/100px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-6_Sleeve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-5_Sleeve.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Group captain"><img alt="Group captain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-5_Sleeve.svg/50px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-5_Sleeve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-5_Sleeve.svg/75px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-5_Sleeve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-5_Sleeve.svg/100px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-5_Sleeve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-4_Sleeve.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wing commander"><img alt="Wing commander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-4_Sleeve.svg/50px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-4_Sleeve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-4_Sleeve.svg/75px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-4_Sleeve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-4_Sleeve.svg/100px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-4_Sleeve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-3_Sleeve.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Squadron leader"><img alt="Squadron leader" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-3_Sleeve.svg/50px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-3_Sleeve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-3_Sleeve.svg/75px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-3_Sleeve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-3_Sleeve.svg/100px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-3_Sleeve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-2_Sleeve.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flight lieutenant"><img alt="Flight lieutenant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-2_Sleeve.svg/50px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-2_Sleeve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-2_Sleeve.svg/75px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-2_Sleeve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-2_Sleeve.svg/100px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-2_Sleeve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1b_Sleeve.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flying officer"><img alt="Flying officer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1b_Sleeve.svg/50px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1b_Sleeve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1b_Sleeve.svg/75px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1b_Sleeve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1b_Sleeve.svg/100px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1b_Sleeve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1a_Sleeve.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pilot officer"><img alt="Pilot officer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1a_Sleeve.svg/50px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1a_Sleeve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1a_Sleeve.svg/75px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1a_Sleeve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1a_Sleeve.svg/100px-United_Kingdom-AirForce-OF-1a_Sleeve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_air_force" title="Marshal of the air force">Marshal of the RNZAF</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Air_Marshal#Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Marshal">Air marshal</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Air_vice-marshal" title="Air vice-marshal">Air vice-marshal</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Air_commodore" title="Air commodore">Air commodore</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Group_captain" title="Group captain">Group captain</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">Wing commander</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Squadron leader</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">Flight lieutenant</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">Flying officer</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Pilot_officer" title="Pilot officer">Pilot officer</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_ranks">Other ranks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Other ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rank insignia of <a href="/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer" title="Non-commissioned officer">non-commissioned officers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">enlisted personnel</a>. </p> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; color:inherit; text-align:center; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="22">Senior NCOs </th> <th colspan="6">Junior NCOs </th> <th colspan="8">Enlisted </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-NewZealand_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewZealand-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/New_Zealand" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OR/New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OR/New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OR/New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RNZAF_OR-9.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Warrant Officer"><img alt="Warrant Officer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/RNZAF_OR-9.svg/50px-RNZAF_OR-9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/RNZAF_OR-9.svg/75px-RNZAF_OR-9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/RNZAF_OR-9.svg/100px-RNZAF_OR-9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RNZAF_OR-7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flight Sergeant"><img alt="Flight Sergeant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/RNZAF_OR-7.svg/50px-RNZAF_OR-7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/RNZAF_OR-7.svg/75px-RNZAF_OR-7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/RNZAF_OR-7.svg/100px-RNZAF_OR-7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="12"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RNZAF_OR-6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sergeant"><img alt="Sergeant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/RNZAF_OR-6.svg/50px-RNZAF_OR-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/RNZAF_OR-6.svg/75px-RNZAF_OR-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/RNZAF_OR-6.svg/100px-RNZAF_OR-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RNZAF_OR-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Corporal"><img alt="Corporal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/RNZAF_OR-4.svg/50px-RNZAF_OR-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/RNZAF_OR-4.svg/75px-RNZAF_OR-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/RNZAF_OR-4.svg/100px-RNZAF_OR-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RNZAF_OR-2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leading Aircraftman"><img alt="Leading Aircraftman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/RNZAF_OR-2.svg/50px-RNZAF_OR-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/RNZAF_OR-2.svg/75px-RNZAF_OR-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/RNZAF_OR-2.svg/100px-RNZAF_OR-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RNZAF_OR-1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aircraftman"><img alt="Aircraftman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/RNZAF_OR-1.svg/50px-RNZAF_OR-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/RNZAF_OR-1.svg/75px-RNZAF_OR-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/RNZAF_OR-1.svg/100px-RNZAF_OR-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer#New_Zealand" title="Warrant officer">Warrant Officer</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Flight_Sergeant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Sergeant">Flight Sergeant</a> </td> <td colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant#New_Zealand" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Corporal#New_Zealand" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Leading_Aircraftman" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading Aircraftman">Leading Aircraftman</a> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Aircraftman#Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Aircraftman">Aircraftman</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future_of_the_RNZAF">Future of the RNZAF</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Future of the RNZAF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Royal New Zealand Air Force has a number of plans to modernise its fleet and improve its capabilities. These are described in the Defence Capability Plan 2019 and the Major Projects Report 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary focus for further investments in defence capability will be the replacement of existing <a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol" title="Maritime patrol">maritime surveillance</a> and transport capability. These two aspects represent the bulk of RNZAF capability. Following the replacement of these aircraft, facilities and systems, the focus of increased investment will be on delivering greater effectiveness for government objectives. While several projects are underway, the financial restrictions bought by the COVID-19 pandemic, global and national economic downturn, the future of several of these projects are in doubt.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although discussed in the media and defence circles from time to time, there are currently no plans to re-instate the strike wing under the 2019 Defence Capability Plan. The strike wing was disbanded under the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand">Labour Government</a> in 2001 without replacement of the <a href="/wiki/A-4_Skyhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="A-4 Skyhawk">A-4 Skyhawk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_MB-339" title="Aermacchi MB-339">Aermacchi MB-339</a> aircraft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_Air_Mobility_Capability">Future Air Mobility Capability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Future Air Mobility Capability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New Zealand took an option to purchase <a href="/wiki/C-130J_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130J Hercules">C-130J Hercules</a> from Lockheed Martin as a part of an Australian purchase in the late 1990s but following the 1999 election the new Labour government under Helen Clark decided not to proceed with the purchase, choosing to perform a life extension programme for the existing C-130H aircraft. New Zealand possesses some of the earliest C-130H Hercules off the Lockheed production line, with the most recorded flying hours in the world remaining in use. </p><p>In September 2017, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National Party</a> led government approved the Future Air Mobility Capability project to identify options for an affective and flexible air transport capability that would be able to support the armed forces operations. Several aircraft were considered, with various aircraft performing demonstration visits including the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A400M_Atlas" title="Airbus A400M Atlas">Airbus A400M Atlas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">Boeing C-17 Globemaster III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embraer_C-390_Millennium" title="Embraer C-390 Millennium">Embraer KC-390 Millennium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_C-2" title="Kawasaki C-2">Kawasaki C-2</a>, and Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2019 the Lockheed Martin C-130J-30 Hercules was identified due to its mature platform, and flexibility and continuity with the RNZAF's existing fleet of aircraft. On 5 June 2020 the Government announced that a fleet of five C-130J-30s would replace the current fleet of <a href="/wiki/C-130H_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130H Hercules">C-130H Hercules</a> operated by the Royal New Zealand Air Force for tactical airlift operations. The C-130J had been selected as the preferred platform in 2019 and the aircraft and a full mission flight simulator are being acquired through the United States <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Military_Sales" title="Foreign Military Sales">Foreign Military Sales</a> (FMS) process. Deliveries were scheduled to commence in 2024, with all five aircraft in country by mid-2025. The first aircraft was delivered on 8 August 2024 at Lockheed Martin's facility in <a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia" title="Marietta, Georgia">Marietta, Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lock-mart-NZ1st-deliver-9-aug-2024_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lock-mart-NZ1st-deliver-9-aug-2024-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two Boeing 757 aircraft operated by the Air Force are in severe need of replacement, due to significant technical and operational issues. However, due to financial constraints, a replacement is not scheduled until at least 2028.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capability will be able to move personnel and cargo within the South Pacific, to Antarctica, and in support of coalition operations further afield, supporting missions from humanitarian and disaster relief to operations in high-risk conflict zones. </p><p>In early March 2024, problems with one of the RNZAF's two Boeing 757s nose landing gear systems delayed <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a>'s state visit to <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> to meet <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> leaders. Since the second Boeing 757 was unavailable due to scheduled maintenance in Christchurch, Luxon was forced to travel on a commercial flight. Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Judith Collins</a> described the situation as embarrassing but admitted there was no money to replace the Air Force's jets or lease replacement aircraft due to an ongoing cost of living crisis. Collins also announced that a review of the Defence Force's capabilities would be brought forward from September to June 2024. <sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 June 2024, an RNZAF's Boeing 757 jet sustained two broken fuses while refuelling at <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a> in <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>. The plane was carrying a 52-strong business and media delegation to <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> led by Prime Minister Luxon. Over 30 companies were represented in the delegation including <a href="/wiki/Air_New_Zealand" title="Air New Zealand">Air New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/ANZ_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="ANZ Bank">ANZ Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fonterra" title="Fonterra">Fonterra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver_Fern_Farms" title="Silver Fern Farms">Silver Fern Farms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zespri" title="Zespri">Zespri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab" title="Rocket Lab">Rocket Lab</a>. Luxon took a commercial flight to <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> while Air New Zealand diverted a plane to carry the rest of the delegation to Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the breakdown of the Boeing 757, former Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Mapp" title="Wayne Mapp">Wayne Mapp</a> called on the Government to purchase new planes for the RNZAF.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enhanced_Maritime_Awareness_Capability">Enhanced Maritime Awareness Capability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Enhanced Maritime Awareness Capability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Enhanced Maritime Awareness Capability project will support the Government's maritime security strategy, providing air surveillance capabilities in New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_New_Zealand" title="Exclusive economic zone of New Zealand">Exclusive Economic Zone</a> and the Southern Ocean. This additional capability will free up the new <a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8A_Poseidon" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing P-8A Poseidon">Boeing P-8A Poseidon</a> maritime patrol aircraft fleet to fly more missions in the South Pacific and further afield. Investment in a range of capabilities will be considered, including satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles and traditional fixed-wing aircraft.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Military history of New Zealand">Military history of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_squadrons_of_the_RNZAF" title="List of squadrons of the RNZAF">List of squadrons of the RNZAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force_and_Royal_New_Zealand_Navy" title="List of aircraft of the Royal New Zealand Air Force and Royal New Zealand Navy">List of aircraft of the Royal New Zealand Air Force and Royal New Zealand Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_weapons_of_the_New_Zealand_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of individual weapons of the New Zealand armed forces">List of individual weapons of the New Zealand armed forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_military_bases" title="List of New Zealand military bases">List of New Zealand military bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Security_Forces" title="RNZAF Security Forces">RNZAF Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_aces_from_New_Zealand" title="List of World War I aces from New Zealand">List of World War I aces from New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force_stations" title="List of former Royal New Zealand Air Force stations">List of former Royal New Zealand Air Force stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Air_Training_Corps" title="New Zealand Air Training Corps">New Zealand Air Training Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disbandment_of_the_RNZAF_air_combat_force" title="Disbandment of the RNZAF air combat force">Disbandment of the RNZAF air combat force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Museum_of_New_Zealand" title="Air Force Museum of New Zealand">Air Force Museum of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_College" title="New Zealand Defence College">New Zealand Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Falcons" title="Black Falcons">Black Falcons</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzdf.mil.nz/about-us/governance-structure.htm">"NZDF – Governance Structure"</a>. <i>www.nzdf.mil.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731070744/http://www.nzdf.mil.nz/about-us/governance-structure.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nzdf.mil.nz&rft.atitle=NZDF+%E2%80%93+Governance+Structure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzdf.mil.nz%2Fabout-us%2Fgovernance-structure.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2018_appointments-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2018_appointments_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12110820">"New Chiefs Appointed for All Three Branches of the Armed Forces"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 21 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911002529/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12110820">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=New+Chiefs+Appointed+for+All+Three+Branches+of+the+Armed+Forces&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D12110820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100502065436/http://www.raf.mod.uk/links/faqs.cfm">"What Is The RAF motto"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raf.mod.uk/links/faqs.cfm">the original</a> on 2 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Is+The+RAF+motto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raf.mod.uk%2Flinks%2Ffaqs.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace2009" class="citation journal cs1">Wallace, Wal (September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130208134013/http://airforce.mil.nz/operations/airforce-news/archive/107/maori-for-air-force.htm">"New Māori Name for Air Force"</a>. <i>Air Force News</i> (107). Royal New Zealand Air Force. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1175-2327">1175-2327</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforce.mil.nz/operations/airforce-news/archive/107/maori-for-air-force.htm">the original</a> on 8 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Force+News&rft.atitle=New+M%C4%81ori+Name+for+Air+Force&rft.issue=107&rft.date=2009-09&rft.issn=1175-2327&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Wal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforce.mil.nz%2Foperations%2Fairforce-news%2Farchive%2F107%2Fmaori-for-air-force.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders1Sqn14-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders1Sqn14_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders1Sqn14_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders, 1986, 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/page/first-controlled-powered-flight-new-zealand">"New Zealand History: First controlled powered flight in New Zealand"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918043807/http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/page/first-controlled-powered-flight-new-zealand">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+History%3A+First+controlled+powered+flight+in+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzhistory.net.nz%2Fpage%2Ffirst-controlled-powered-flight-new-zealand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngelo1994" class="citation journal cs1">Angelo, Therese (1994). "The History of Wigram 1917–1994". <i>RNZAF Museum Research</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RNZAF+Museum+Research&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Wigram+1917%E2%80%931994&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Angelo&rft.aufirst=Therese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Saunders, A Long Patrol: An Illustrated History of No. 1 Squadron RNZAF 1930–1984, 1986, 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airhistory.org.uk/gy/ImperialGifts.html">"Golden Years of Aviation – Imperial Gifts"</a>. Goldenyears.ukf.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202040003/http://www.airhistory.org.uk/gy/ImperialGifts.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golden+Years+of+Aviation+%E2%80%93+Imperial+Gifts&rft.pub=Goldenyears.ukf.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airhistory.org.uk%2Fgy%2FImperialGifts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZAFHist-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RNZAFHist_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNZAFHist_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Royal New Zealand Air Force, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforce.mil.nz/about-us/history/default.htm">History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025054913/http://www.airforce.mil.nz/about-us/history/default.htm">Archived</a> 25 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed November 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders, 1986, 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders, 1986, 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders, 1986, 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpencer2020245-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpencer2020245_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpencer2020">Spencer 2020</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ed. Max Lambert, 1989 Air New Zealand Almanac, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Press_Association" title="New Zealand Press Association">New Zealand Press Association</a>, 1988, p.220, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0112-2444">0112-2444</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Cooke, Defending New Zealand, Defence of New Zealand Study Group, 2000, Vol. II, 527–534.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss1955" class="citation web cs1">Ross, Squadron Leader J. M. S. (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2AirF-c12-1.html">"Formation of No. 1 (Islands) Group Headquarters"</a>. <i>The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945</i>. Historical Publications Branch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090916212857/https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2AirF-c12-1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+History+of+New+Zealand+in+the+Second+World+War+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.atitle=Formation+of+No.+1+%28Islands%29+Group+Headquarters&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Squadron+Leader+J.+M.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-WH2AirF-c12-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McClure. Pages 130 to 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson2017" class="citation book cs1">Dawson, Bee (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/973306025"><i>Laucala Bay : the story of the RNZAF in Fiji 1939 to 1967</i></a>. [Auckland]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-377038-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-377038-1"><bdi>978-0-14-377038-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/973306025">973306025</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laucala+Bay+%3A+the+story+of+the+RNZAF+in+Fiji+1939+to+1967&rft.place=%5BAuckland%5D&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F973306025&rft.isbn=978-0-14-377038-1&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Bee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F973306025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/the-malayan-emergency">"NZ and the Malayan Emergency"</a>. <i>nzhistory.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzhistory.govt.nz&rft.atitle=RNZAF%27s+first+combat+strike+since+Second+World+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Frnzafs-first-combat-strike-second-world-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/marlborough-express/news/3428486/Final-sortie-for-NZs-last-combat-pilots">"Final sortie for NZ's last combat pilots"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i>. 9 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Final+sortie+for+NZ%27s+last+combat+pilots&rft.date=2010-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fmarlborough-express%2Fnews%2F3428486%2FFinal-sortie-for-NZs-last-combat-pilots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaonga" class="citation web cs1">Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/34534/canberra-bomber-in-action-malaya-1958">"Canberra bomber in action, Malaya, 1958"</a>. <i>teara.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teara.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Canberra+bomber+in+action%2C+Malaya%2C+1958&rft.aulast=Taonga&rft.aufirst=New+Zealand+Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage+Te+Manatu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fphotograph%2F34534%2Fcanberra-bomber-in-action-malaya-1958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airforcemuseum.co.nz/aircraft/auster-mk-7c/">"Auster Mk.7c"</a>. <i>Air Force Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Air+Force+Museum&rft.atitle=Auster+Mk.7c&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforcemuseum.co.nz%2Faircraft%2Fauster-mk-7c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/rnzaf-antarctic-flight">"RNZAF Antarctic Flight"</a>. <i>nzhistory.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzhistory.govt.nz&rft.atitle=RNZAF+Antarctic+Flight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Fmedia%2Fphoto%2Frnzaf-antarctic-flight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzwarbirds.org.nz/gallery/warbirds-family-album/DHC2+Beaver.html">"DHC2 Beaver"</a>. <i>nzwarbirds.org.nz</i>. 28 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzwarbirds.org.nz&rft.atitle=DHC2+Beaver&rft.date=2019-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzwarbirds.org.nz%2Fgallery%2Fwarbirds-family-album%2FDHC2%2BBeaver.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreener2009" class="citation book cs1">Greener, Peter (2009). "Chapter 6". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140102170031/http://epress.anu.edu.au/sdsc/timing/mobile_devices/ch06.html"><i>Timing is Everything: The politics of NZ defence acquisition making</i></a>. SDSC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epress.anu.edu.au/sdsc/timing/mobile_devices/ch06.html">the original</a> on 2 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+6&rft.btitle=Timing+is+Everything%3A+The+politics+of+NZ+defence+acquisition+making&rft.pub=SDSC&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Greener&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepress.anu.edu.au%2Fsdsc%2Ftiming%2Fmobile_devices%2Fch06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'NZ and Confrontation in Borneo', URL: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/confrontation-in-borneo">https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/confrontation-in-borneo</a>, (Ministry for Culture and Heritage), updated 4-Oct-2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGibbon2014" class="citation book cs1">McGibbon, Ian (18 June 2014). <i>New Zealand's Vietnam War: A History of Combat, Commitment and Controversy</i>. Auckland: Exisle Publishing. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1877568534" title="Special:BookSources/978-1877568534"><bdi>978-1877568534</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand%27s+Vietnam+War%3A+A+History+of+Combat%2C+Commitment+and+Controversy&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Exisle+Publishing&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft.isbn=978-1877568534&rft.aulast=McGibbon&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vietnamwar.govt.nz/sites/default/files/documents/honours-awards/callanan-usdfc.pdf">United States Distinguished Flying Cross</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fac-assoc.org/history/20tass.htm">"The 20th Tactical Air Support Squadron"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+20th+Tactical+Air+Support+Squadron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fac-assoc.org%2Fhistory%2F20tass.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fac-assoc.org/history/19tass.htm">"The 19th TASS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+19th+TASS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fac-assoc.org%2Fhistory%2F19tass.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vietnamwar.govt.nz/nz-vietnam-war/homecoming">"Homecoming | VietnamWar.govt.nz, New Zealand and the Vietnam War"</a>. <i>vietnamwar.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vietnamwar.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Homecoming+%7C+VietnamWar.govt.nz%2C+New+Zealand+and+the+Vietnam+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvietnamwar.govt.nz%2Fnz-vietnam-war%2Fhomecoming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClure2012" class="citation book cs1">McClure, Margaret (2012). <i>Fighting Spirit : 75 Years of the RNZAF. Auckland</i>. Auckland: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86979-610-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86979-610-5"><bdi>978-1-86979-610-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Spirit+%3A+75+Years+of+the+RNZAF.+Auckland&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-86979-610-5&rft.aulast=McClure&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5sFmyxQSro"><i>Don Simms on the RNZAF Skyhawks</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211108/F5sFmyxQSro">archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don+Simms+on+the+RNZAF+Skyhawks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DF5sFmyxQSro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeone2021" class="citation web cs1">Leone, Dario (3 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theaviationgeekclub.com/royal-new-zealand-air-force-a-4-pilot-who-fired-warning-shots-across-the-bow-of-a-taiwanese-squid-boat-retires-after-more-than-60-years-of-service/">"Royal New Zealand Air Force A-4 pilot who fired warning shots across the bow of a Taiwanese squid boat retires after more than 60 years of service"</a>. <i>The Aviation Geek Club</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newshub&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+Defence+Force+Boeing+757+fleet+unavailable+for+156+days+since+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fnew-zealand%2F2021%2F05%2Frevealed-defence-force-boeing-757-fleet-unavailable-for-156-days-since-2019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevettCoughlan2024" class="citation news cs1">Trevett, Claire; Coughlan, Thomas (5 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/ministers-slate-defence-force-boeing-plane-breakdown-as-embarrassing-after-pm-chris-luxon-makes-his-own-way-to-australia/SDCBBKEGORCGFM7DCO3VAF74PU/">"Ministers slate Defence Force Boeing plane breakdown as 'embarrassing' after PM Chris Luxon makes his own way to Australia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240305031834/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/ministers-slate-defence-force-boeing-plane-breakdown-as-embarrassing-after-pm-chris-luxon-makes-his-own-way-to-australia/SDCBBKEGORCGFM7DCO3VAF74PU/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Ministers+slate+Defence+Force+Boeing+plane+breakdown+as+%E2%80%98embarrassing%E2%80%99+after+PM+Chris+Luxon+makes+his+own+way+to+Australia&rft.date=2024-03-05&rft.aulast=Trevett&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.au=Coughlan%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fpolitics%2Fministers-slate-defence-force-boeing-plane-breakdown-as-embarrassing-after-pm-chris-luxon-makes-his-own-way-to-australia%2FSDCBBKEGORCGFM7DCO3VAF74PU%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2024" class="citation news cs1">Palmer, Russell (5 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/510887/defence-force-plane-replacement-or-lease-just-so-expensive-minister">"Defence Force plane replacement or lease 'just so expensive' - Minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240305001647/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/510887/defence-force-plane-replacement-or-lease-just-so-expensive-minister">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Defence+Force+plane+replacement+or+lease+%27just+so+expensive%27+-+Minister&rft.date=2024-03-05&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpolitical%2F510887%2Fdefence-force-plane-replacement-or-lease-just-so-expensive-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240617053340/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/519690/pm-catches-commercial-flight-to-japan-after-defence-force-plane-breaks-down">"PM catches commercial flight to Japan after Defence Force plane breaks down"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a></i>. 17 June 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/519690/pm-catches-commercial-flight-to-japan-after-defence-force-plane-breaks-down">the original</a> on 17 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=PM+catches+commercial+flight+to+Japan+after+Defence+Force+plane+breaks+down&rft.date=2024-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpolitical%2F519690%2Fpm-catches-commercial-flight-to-japan-after-defence-force-plane-breaks-down&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240617023320/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/519759/time-for-nz-to-purchase-new-defence-force-planes-former-minister">"Time for NZ to purchase new Defence Force planes - former minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a></i>. 17 June 2024. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=Time+for+NZ+to+purchase+new+Defence+Force+planes+-+former+minister&rft.date=2024-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpolitical%2F519759%2Ftime-for-nz-to-purchase-new-defence-force-planes-former-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBentley,_Geoffrey1969" class="citation book cs1">Bentley, Geoffrey (1969). <i>RNZAF – A Short History</i> (Hardback). Wellington: A.H. & A. W. Reed.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RNZAF+%E2%80%93+A+Short+History&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=A.H.+%26+A.+W.+Reed&rft.date=1969&rft.au=Bentley%2C+Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dawson, Bee (2017) <i>Laucala Bay: The Story of the RNZAF in Fiji 1939 to 1967</i> (Softback), Random House, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780143770381" title="Special:BookSources/9780143770381">9780143770381</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewson1999" class="citation thesis cs1">Hewson, Brian J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10092/6650/hewson_thesis.pdf"><i>Goliath's apprentice: The Royal New Zealand Air Force and the United States in the Pacific war, 1941–1945</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Thesis). Christchurch: University of Canterbury.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Goliath%27s+apprentice%3A+The+Royal+New+Zealand+Air+Force+and+the+United+States+in+the+Pacific+war%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.inst=University+of+Canterbury&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Hewson&rft.aufirst=Brian+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.canterbury.ac.nz%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10092%2F6650%2Fhewson_thesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lambert, Max (ed.): 1989 Air New Zealand Almanac, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Press_Association" title="New Zealand Press Association">New Zealand Press Association</a>, 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0112-2444">0112-2444</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClure,_Margaret2012" class="citation book cs1">McClure, Margaret (2012). <i>Fighting Spirit – 75 Years of the RNZAF</i> (Hardback). Auckland: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86979-610-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86979-610-5"><bdi>978-1-86979-610-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Spirit+%E2%80%93+75+Years+of+the+RNZAF&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-86979-610-5&rft.au=McClure%2C+Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sanders, James: <i>A Long Patrol, An Illustrated History of No 1 Squadron RNZAF</i>, 1986, Century Hutchinson, Auckland, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-163600-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-163600-0">0-09-163600-0</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2020" class="citation book cs1">Spencer, Alex M (2020). <i>British Imperial Air Power: The Royal Air Forces and the Defense of Australia and New Zealand Between the World Wars</i>. Indiana: Purdue University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-940-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-940-3"><bdi>978-1-55753-940-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Imperial+Air+Power%3A+The+Royal+Air+Forces+and+the+Defense+of+Australia+and+New+Zealand+Between+the+World+Wars&rft.place=Indiana&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-55753-940-3&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Alex+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://airforce.mil.nz">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542164#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/131050736/farewell-flypast-by-venerable-air-force-orions">"Farewell flypast by venerable air-force Orions"</a>. Stuff (Fairfax). 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Farewell+flypast+by+venerable+air-force+Orions&rft.pub=Stuff+%28Fairfax%29&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F131050736%2Ffarewell-flypast-by-venerable-air-force-orions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+New+Zealand+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Template:Royal New Zealand Air Force"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Template talk:Royal New Zealand Air Force"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Royal New Zealand Air Force"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;Roundel_Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force_30px" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roundel"><img alt="Roundel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg/20px-Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg/30px-Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Roundel_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a></b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/30px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/45px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Units and squadrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_squadrons_of_the_RNZAF" title="List of squadrons of the RNZAF">List of squadrons of the RNZAF</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ensign of the Royal New Zealand Air Force"><img alt="Ensign of the Royal New Zealand Air Force" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/120px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/180px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/240px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Bases and facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Auckland" title="RNZAF Base Auckland"> Base Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Ohakea" title="RNZAF Base Ohakea"> Base Ohakea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Woodbourne" title="RNZAF Base Woodbourne"> Base Woodbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Dip_Flat" title="RNZAF Dip Flat"> Dip Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Movements_Rongotai" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Movements Rongotai">Air Movements Rongotai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Movements_Harewood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Movements Harewood (page does not exist)">Air Movements Harewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZAF Museum">RNZAF Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Associated civil organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Air_Training_Corps" title="New Zealand Air Training Corps">New Zealand Air Training Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum">Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_New_Zealand_military_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="List of active New Zealand military aircraft">List of active New Zealand military aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_RNZAF_and_RNZN" class="mw-redirect" title="List of aircraft of the RNZAF and RNZN"> List of RNZAF and RNZN aircraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Appointments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Air_Force_(New_Zealand)" title="Chief of Air Force (New Zealand)">Chief of Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Structure of the Royal New Zealand Air Force">Structure of the Royal New Zealand Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Symbols and uniform</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircrew_brevet#New_Zealand" title="Aircrew brevet"> Aircrew brevet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Naval_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Naval_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Navy" title="Royal New Zealand Navy">Royal New Zealand Navy</a></dd> <dd><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/30px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Army" title="New Zealand Army">New Zealand Army</a></dd> <dd><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/30px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/45px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a></dd></dl> <p>Civilian administration and oversight: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(New_Zealand)" title="Ministry of Defence (New Zealand)">Ministry of Defence (New Zealand)</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_air_forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Air_forces" title="Template:Air forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Air_forces" title="Template talk:Air forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Air_forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Air forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_air_forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_forces" title="List of air forces">List of</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Air_Force" title="Abkhazian Air Force">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Air_Force" title="Afghan Air Force">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Air_Force" title="Albanian Air Force">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Air_Force" title="Algerian Air Force">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Air_Force_of_Angola" title="National Air Force of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_Defence_Force_Air_Wing" title="Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force Air Wing">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Air_Force" title="Armenian Air Force">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Air_Force" title="Austrian Air Force">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Air_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Air Forces">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahamas_Defence_Force" title="Royal Bahamas Defence Force">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahraini_Air_Force" title="Royal Bahraini Air Force">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Air_Force" title="Bangladesh Air Force">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Air_Force" title="Belarusian Air Force">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Air_Component" title="Belgian Air Component">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Defence_Force_Air_Wing" title="Belize Defence Force Air Wing">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_Air_Force" title="Benin Air Force">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Air_Force" title="Bolivian Air Force">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_and_Anti-Aircraft_Defence_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Air Force and Anti-Aircraft Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force_Air_Wing" title="Botswana Defence Force Air Wing">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force" title="Brazilian Air Force">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Air_Force" title="Royal Brunei Air Force">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Air_Force" title="Bulgarian Air Force">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Air_Force" title="Royal Cambodian Air Force">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon_Air_Force" title="Cameroon Air Force">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Air_Force" title="Central African Republic Air Force">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Air_Force" title="Chadian Air Force">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_Air_Force" title="Congolese Air Force">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Air_Force" title="Croatian Air Force">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force" title="Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Air_Command" title="Cyprus Air Command">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Air_Force" title="Czech Air Force">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Air_Force" title="Royal Danish Air Force">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_Air_Force" title="Djibouti Air Force">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Air_Force" title="Dominican Air Force">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Air_Force" title="Ecuadorian Air Force">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Air_Force" title="Salvadoran Air Force">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Air_Force" title="Eritrean Air Force">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Air_Force" title="Estonian Air Force">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Ethiopian Air Force">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Air_Force" title="Finnish Air Force">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Air_Force" title="Gabonese Air Force">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Air_Force" title="Georgian Air Force">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Air_Force" title="Ghana Air Force">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Air_Force" title="Hellenic Air Force">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Air_Force" title="Guatemalan Air Force">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Air_Force" title="Guinea-Bissau Air Force">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti_Air_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiti Air Corps">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Air_Force" title="Honduran Air Force">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Air_Force" title="Hungarian Air Force">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Air_Policing" title="Icelandic Air Policing">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force" title="Indonesian Air Force">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Force" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Air_Corps" title="Irish Air Corps">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force" title="Italian Air Force">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Air Self-Defense Force">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian_Air_Force" title="Royal Jordanian Air Force">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Air_Defense_Forces" title="Kazakh Air Defense Forces">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Air_Force" title="Kenya Air Force">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Air_Force" title="Kuwait Air Force">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Air_Force" title="Kyrgyz Air Force">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Air_Force" title="Latvian Air Force">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Air_Force" title="Lebanese Air Force">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_Armed_Forces#Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberian Armed Forces">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Air_Force" title="Libyan Air Force">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Air_Force" title="Lithuanian Air Force">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_Air_Force" title="Malagasy Air Force">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Air_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Air Force">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_Air_Force" title="Malian Air Force">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Wing_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Air Wing of the Armed Forces of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania_Islamic_Air_Force" title="Mauritania Islamic Air Force">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Air_Force" title="Mexican Air Force">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Air_Force" title="Moldovan Air Force">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Air_Force" title="Mongolian Air Force">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Air_Force" title="Montenegrin Air Force">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Air_Force" title="Royal Moroccan Air Force">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Air_Force" title="Mozambique Air Force">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Air_Force" title="Myanmar Air Force">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Air_Force" title="Namibian Air Force">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Air_Force" title="Royal Netherlands Air Force">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Air_Force" title="Nicaraguan Air Force">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Air_Force" title="Nigerian Air Force">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army_Air_Force" title="Korean People's Army Air Force">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_Air_Brigade" title="North Macedonia Air Brigade">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Air_Force" title="Royal Norwegian Air Force">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_of_Oman" title="Royal Air Force of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Air_Force" title="Paraguayan Air Force">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Air_Force" title="Peruvian Air Force">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Force" title="Polish Air Force">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Air_Force" title="Portuguese Air Force">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Emiri_Air_Force" title="Qatar Emiri Air Force">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Air_Force" title="Romanian Air Force">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" title="Russian Air Force">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Air_Force" title="Rwandan Air Force">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Air_Force" title="Royal Saudi Air Force">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Air_Force" title="Senegalese Air Force">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Air_Force_and_Air_Defence" title="Serbian Air Force and Air Defence">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force" title="Republic of Singapore Air Force">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Air_Force" title="Slovak Air Force">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Air_Force_and_Air_Defence" title="Slovenian Air Force and Air Defence">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Air_Force" title="Somali Air Force">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Air_Force" title="South African Air Force">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force" title="Republic of Korea Air Force">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan_Air_Force" title="South Sudan Air Force">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_and_Space_Force" title="Spanish Air and Space Force">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Air_Force" title="Sri Lanka Air Force">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Air_Force" title="Sudanese Air Force">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_Air_Force" title="Suriname Air Force">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Air_Force" title="Swedish Air Force">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Air_Force" title="Swiss Air Force">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Force" title="Syrian Air Force">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force" title="Republic of China Air Force">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Air_Force" title="Tajik Air Force">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Air_Force_Command" title="Tanzania Air Force Command">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Air_Force" title="Royal Thai Air Force">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_Armed_Forces" title="Togolese Armed Forces">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_Air_Wing" title="Tongan Air Wing">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Air_Force" title="Tunisian Air Force">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Air_Force" title="Turkmen Air Force">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Air_Force" title="Uganda Air Force">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Air_Force" title="United Arab Emirates Air Force">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Air_Force" title="Uruguayan Air Force">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan_Air_and_Air_Defence_Forces" title="Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Air Force">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Air_Force" title="Yemeni Air Force">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Air_Force" title="Zambian Air Force">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_of_Zimbabwe" title="Air Force of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133012732">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50037534">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nový Zéland. 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