Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director, Author at JURIST - Commentary

<!DOCTYPE html>    <html xml:lang=en lang=en dir=ltr ><html xml:lang=en dir=ltr itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Blog lang=en-US><head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb# website: http://ogp.me/ns/website#"><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"><meta charset="utf-8"><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css media=all href=https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/css/core.css><title>Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director, Author at JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary</title><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:site" content=""><meta name="twitter:title" content="Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Posts by Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director"><meta name="twitter:image" content=""><meta name="twitter:url" content=""><meta property="og:title" content="Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director"><meta property="og:description" content="Posts by Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director"><meta property="og:image" content=""><meta property="og:image:width" content=""><meta property="og:image:height" content=""><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke/"><link rel=publisher href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary><meta name="referrer" content="origin"><meta name="referrer" content="unsafe-url"><link rel="shortcut icon" href=https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/favicon.ico><link rel=canonical href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke/ > <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-609467-1"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-609467-1'); gtag('config', 'G-DP5FGPD5S5');</script> <script type=application/ld+json>{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Blog", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": " - JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg", "height": "60", "width": "200" } } }</script> <script type=application/ld+json>{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "name": "School Book Bans Undermine Democratic Values in US Education", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/school-book-bans-undermine-democratic-values-in-us-education/" }, "headline": "School Book Bans Undermine Democratic Values in US Education", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/school_library_1732288454.jpg", "width": "1200", "height": "440", "representativeOfPage": "http://schema.org/True" }, "datePublished": "2024-11-22T15:14:27-05:00", "dateModified": "2024-11-23T02:50:37-05:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke", "description": "" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": " - JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg", "height": "60", "width": "200" } }, "articleBody": "In September, a\u00a0federal lawsuit\u00a0settlement forced Florida\u2019s Nassau County public school district to restore 36 books featuring race-related or lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ) themes to bookshelves. Among the books is the award-winning\u00a0And Tango Makes Three,\u00a0which tells the true story of two male penguins who raise a chick together at&hellip;" }</script> <script type=application/ld+json>{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "name": "The Post-Election Roberts Court: Why We Should Not Call the Justices Originalists", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/the-post-election-roberts-court-why-we-should-not-call-the-justices-originalists/" }, "headline": "The Post-Election Roberts Court: Why We Should Not Call the Justices Originalists", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/supreme_court_1732134689.jpg", "width": "1200", "height": "440", "representativeOfPage": "http://schema.org/True" }, "datePublished": "2024-11-20T20:32:00-05:00", "dateModified": "2024-11-21T01:14:05-05:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke", "description": "" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": " - JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg", "height": "60", "width": "200" } }, "articleBody": "Now that the election is over, people might wonder what role the Supreme Court will play during Donald Trump\u2019s second term. If the new president engages in behavior threatening to the Constitution and the rule of law, will the justices try to stop him, or will they move even further to the right? No one&hellip; " }</script> <script type=application/ld+json>{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "name": "Forcing Ukraine to Negotiate for Territory Seized by Russia Would Violate International and US Law", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/forcing-ukraine-to-negotiate-for-territory-seized-by-russia-would-violate-international-us-law/" }, "headline": "Forcing Ukraine to Negotiate for Territory Seized by Russia Would Violate International and US Law", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/russia_ukraine_1731952903.jpg", "width": "1200", "height": "440", "representativeOfPage": "http://schema.org/True" }, "datePublished": "2024-11-18T18:02:15-05:00", "dateModified": "2024-11-19T17:37:04-05:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke", "description": "" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": " - JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg", "height": "60", "width": "200" } }, "articleBody": "\u201cA government of laws, and not of men.\u201d John Adams (1774) Incoming US president Donald J. Trump\u2019s obeisance to Russia\u2019s Vladimir Putin is well-documented. Such behavior is sometimes much more serious than a matter of personal dereliction. In consideration of Putin\u2019s ongoing crimes against Ukraine, [1] it represents a&hellip; " }</script> <script type=application/ld+json>{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "name": "Not Worth the Risk: Why US Cities Should Rethink Transit Fare Policing", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/not-worth-the-risk-why-us-cities-should-rethink-transit-fare-policing/" }, "headline": "Not Worth the Risk: Why US Cities Should Rethink Transit Fare Policing", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/police_1731702874.jpg", "width": "1200", "height": "440", "representativeOfPage": "http://schema.org/True" }, "datePublished": "2024-11-15T20:30:29-05:00", "dateModified": "2024-11-16T05:13:20-05:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke", "description": "" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": " - JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg", "height": "60", "width": "200" } }, "articleBody": "Imagine sitting on the subway in the middle of the afternoon, going about your day, when armed officers abruptly board the train, apparently in pursuit of someone. Within minutes, the officers deploy tasers and suddenly the sound of guns firing deafens you. People are terrified, screaming and bleeding. And all this chaos began&hellip;" }</script> <script type=application/ld+json>{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "name": "The Death Penalty Perpetuates America&#8217;s Legacy of Anti-Black Violence", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/marshall-motley-scholars-the-death-penalty-perpetuates-americas-legacy-of-anti-black-violence/" }, "headline": "The Death Penalty Perpetuates America&#8217;s Legacy of Anti-Black Violence", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/prison_1731074637.jpg", "width": "1200", "height": "440", "representativeOfPage": "http://schema.org/True" }, "datePublished": "2024-11-08T14:04:08-05:00", "dateModified": "2024-11-09T04:25:28-05:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke", "description": "" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": " - JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg", "height": "60", "width": "200" } }, "articleBody": "For too long, this country\u2019s criminal legal system has perpetuated violence, brutality, and murder, with Black people bearing the brunt. While methods may change, the underlying outcomes remain the same. The modern-day manifestation of our nation\u2019s history of anti-Black violence is perhaps most apparent in capital punishment. Marcellus Khaliifah Williams \u2013 father, poet, and imam&hellip; " }</script> <script type=application/ld+json>{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "name": "The Erosion of Respect for the Rule of Law in America", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/the-erosion-of-respect-for-the-rule-of-law-in-america/" }, "headline": "The Erosion of Respect for the Rule of Law in America", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/justice_1730235399.jpg", "width": "1200", "height": "440", "representativeOfPage": "http://schema.org/True" }, "datePublished": "2024-10-29T20:55:20-04:00", "dateModified": "2024-10-29T22:11:44-04:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke", "description": "" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": " - JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg", "height": "60", "width": "200" } }, "articleBody": "The rule of law has long been considered a cornerstone of American democracy, safeguarding individual rights, ensuring justice, and regulating the conduct of public officials within a framework of established laws. However, a troubling trend has emerged in recent years \u2014 a significant erosion of respect for this foundational principle. This decline is&hellip; " }</script> <script type=application/ld+json>{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "name": "Enhancing Strategic Deterrence: Israel, Iran, and Limited Nuclear War", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/enhancing-strategic-deterrence-israel-iran-and-limited-nuclear-war/" }, "headline": "Enhancing Strategic Deterrence: Israel, Iran, and Limited Nuclear War", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/israel_1728329009.jpg", "width": "1200", "height": "440", "representativeOfPage": "http://schema.org/True" }, "datePublished": "2024-10-07T19:24:02-04:00", "dateModified": "2024-10-07T19:24:02-04:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke", "description": "" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": " - JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg", "height": "60", "width": "200" } }, "articleBody": "\u201cFor by Wise Counsel, Thou Shalt Make Thy War.\u201d Proverbs 24.6 For mostly good reason, policy discussions of Israel\u2019s nuclear strategy and doctrine have been intentionally vague and without evident nuance. [1] More specifically, there have been few open-literature assessments of a limited nuclear war and its law-supported capacity&hellip; " }</script> <script type=application/ld+json>{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "name": "Faux Originalism and Supreme Hypocrisy — Reflections on Day 1 of the US Supreme Court&#8217;s 2024-2025 Term", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/faux-originalism-and-supreme-hypocrisy-reflections-on-day-1-of-the-us-supreme-courts-2024-2025-term/" }, "headline": "Faux Originalism and Supreme Hypocrisy — Reflections on Day 1 of the US Supreme Court&#8217;s…", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/us_supreme_1728312314.jpg", "width": "1200", "height": "440", "representativeOfPage": "http://schema.org/True" }, "datePublished": "2024-10-07T14:46:52-04:00", "dateModified": "2024-10-07T16:36:43-04:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke", "description": "" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": " - JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg", "height": "60", "width": "200" } }, "articleBody": "The conservative justices on the Roberts Court consistently lecture the American people about the importance of text, history, and tradition to constitutional litigation. They use the term originalism as a catch-all phrase for their alleged focus on prior law. They want the American people to believe that their preferred outcomes are based on legal&hellip; " }</script> <script type=application/ld+json>{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "name": "An Eye for an Eye Is Not a Legal Basis to Use Force — Commemorating Oct. 7, 2023", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/an-eye-for-an-eye-is-not-a-legal-basis-to-use-force-commemorating-oct-7-2023/" }, "headline": "An Eye for an Eye Is Not a Legal Basis to Use Force — Commemorating Oct. 7, 2023", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/gaza_1728311320.png", "width": "1200", "height": "440", "representativeOfPage": "http://schema.org/True" }, "datePublished": "2024-10-07T14:29:00-04:00", "dateModified": "2024-10-24T17:38:03-04:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke", "description": "" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": " - JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg", "height": "60", "width": "200" } }, "articleBody": "As we mark the one-year anniversary of the horrific October 7 attacks on Israeli civilians, it\u2019s essential to reflect not only on the immediate tragedies of that day, but also on the ensuing conflict that has led to a cycle of escalating violence and suffering. While Israel&#8217;s initial retaliation against Hamas may have been lawful&hellip; " }</script> <script type=application/ld+json>{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "name": "International Humanitarian Law on Mass Uprisings: Why Non-Resident Citizens Should Be Free To Defend Their Homelands", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/international-humanitarian-law-on-mass-uprisings-why-non-resident-citizens-should-be-free-to-defend-their-homelands/" }, "headline": "International Humanitarian Law on Mass Uprisings: Why Non-Resident Citizens Should Be Free To Defend…", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/ukraine_protest_1727897439.jpg", "width": "1200", "height": "440", "representativeOfPage": "http://schema.org/True" }, "datePublished": "2024-10-02T19:31:51-04:00", "dateModified": "2024-10-02T19:33:22-04:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke", "description": "" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": " - JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg", "height": "60", "width": "200" } }, "articleBody": "The opening days of the Russian invasion of Ukraine triggered a fierce and inspiring response by ordinary Ukrainians. They joined together in a mass uprising to defend their homeland. Under international humanitarian law (IHL), such an act of resistance is known as a &#8220;lev\u00e9e en masse&#8221; (lev\u00e9e). A lev\u00e9e is a unique category that&hellip; " }</script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="lst3shwiyZuYnuOj-DksZVuFLMY0n_insAX63BQTA4c"> <script async defer src=https://justatic.com/e/widgets/js/justia.js></script> </head><body class data-directive=j-gdpr data-privacy-policy-url=/privacy-policy/ ><div class=ui-overlay></div><header class=header id=header><div class="wrapper sides-margin"><div class=head><div class=header-logo> <a class=wrapper href=/ title=Jurist> <img alt=Jurist class=logo src=https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg> </a></div><div class=header-cta><div class=wrapper> <a class="ui-button -darker" href="https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=QVD82R93TVMAG" target=_self>DONATE NOW</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="header-nav sides-margin" role=navigation><div id=burger-menu class=burger-menu data-directive=j-hamburger> <span class="line -ln1"></span> <span class="line -ln2"></span></div><ul 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<li class=subnavitem> <a class=sublink href=/support-jurist/donate-now/ >Donate</a> </li> <li class=subnavitem> <a class=sublink href=/support-jurist/honor-roll/ >Honor Roll</a> </li></ul></div> </li></ul></nav><div class="header-search sides-margin"><div class=wrapper><div class=searchicon data-directive=j-search-form> <svg viewBox="0 0 80 80" class=ui-icon> <use xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:href=/justatic/external/jurist/images/icons/search.svg#search></use> </svg></div><div class=searchform><div class=wrapper><form role=search method=get id=search-form-wraper class=ui-simple-form action=https://www.jurist.org/ > <label for=s class=visuallyhidden>Search: </label> <input type=text id=s name=s value aria-label=Search> <button type=submit value=Search class=ui-button>Search<svg viewBox="0 0 80 80" class="searchicon ui-icon" data-directive=j-search-form><use xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:href=/justatic/external/jurist/images/icons/search.svg#search></use></svg></button></form></div></div></div></div></header><div class=main-content><div class=wrapper><section class=main-wrapper><div class=posts-list> <strong class="ui-heading2 _color-accent _ttransform-uppercase _no-margin-top"> </strong><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/school-book-bans-undermine-democratic-values-in-us-education/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to School Book Bans Undermine Democratic Values in US Education" rel=bookmark> <span class=label>Commentary</span> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/school_library_1732288454.jpg width=426 height=350 alt="School Book Bans Undermine Democratic Values in US Education"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/school_library_1732288454.jpg"><meta itemprop="width" content="426"><meta itemprop="height" content="350"> </a><div class=credits><a href=https://pixabay.com/users/Kollinger/ >Kollinger</a> / Pixabay</div></div><div class=content><header> <strong class="ui-heading3 _no-margin"> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/school-book-bans-undermine-democratic-values-in-us-education/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to School Book Bans Undermine Democratic Values in US Education" rel=bookmark> School Book Bans Undermine Democratic Values in US Education </a> </strong><div class=author> <span> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke class="url fn author-ingridburke author-14 post-author-link" rel=author> <span class=name>Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director</span> </a> </span></div><div class=date> <time datetime=2024-11-22T15:14:27-05:00 class="post-date published" itemprop=datePublished pubdate> November 22, 2024 10:14:27 am </time></div></header><div class=excerpt><p>In September, a federal lawsuit settlement forced Florida’s Nassau County public school district to restore 36 books featuring race-related or lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ) themes to bookshelves. Among the books is the award-winning And Tango Makes Three, which tells the true story of two male penguins who raise a chick together at the Central Park Zoo. [...]</p></div> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/school-book-bans-undermine-democratic-values-in-us-education/ class=ui-more>READ MORE <span class=arrow>▸</span></a></div></article><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/the-post-election-roberts-court-why-we-should-not-call-the-justices-originalists/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to The Post-Election Roberts Court: Why We Should Not Call the Justices Originalists" rel=bookmark> <span class=label>Commentary</span> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/supreme_court_1732134689.jpg width=426 height=350 alt="The Post-Election Roberts Court: Why We Should Not Call the Justices Originalists"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/supreme_court_1732134689.jpg"><meta itemprop="width" content="426"><meta itemprop="height" content="350"> </a><div class=credits><a href=https://pixabay.com/users/MarkThomas/ >MarkThomas</a> / Pixabay</div></div><div class=content><header> <strong class="ui-heading3 _no-margin"> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/the-post-election-roberts-court-why-we-should-not-call-the-justices-originalists/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to The Post-Election Roberts Court: Why We Should Not Call the Justices Originalists" rel=bookmark> The Post-Election Roberts Court: Why We Should Not Call the Justices Originalists </a> </strong><div class=author> <span> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke class="url fn author-ingridburke author-14 post-author-link" rel=author> <span class=name>Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director</span> </a> </span></div><div class=date> <time datetime=2024-11-20T20:32:00-05:00 class="post-date published" itemprop=datePublished pubdate> November 20, 2024 03:32:00 pm </time></div></header><div class=excerpt><p>Now that the election is over, people might wonder what role the Supreme Court will play during Donald Trump’s second term. If the new president engages in behavior threatening to the Constitution and the rule of law, will the justices try to stop him, or will they move even further to the right? No one [...]</p></div> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/the-post-election-roberts-court-why-we-should-not-call-the-justices-originalists/ class=ui-more>READ MORE <span class=arrow>▸</span></a></div></article><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/forcing-ukraine-to-negotiate-for-territory-seized-by-russia-would-violate-international-us-law/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to Forcing Ukraine to Negotiate for Territory Seized by Russia Would Violate International and US Law" rel=bookmark> <span class=label>Commentary</span> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/russia_ukraine_1731952903.jpg width=426 height=350 alt="Forcing Ukraine to Negotiate for Territory Seized by Russia Would Violate International and US Law"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/russia_ukraine_1731952903.jpg"><meta itemprop="width" content="426"><meta itemprop="height" content="350"> </a><div class=credits><a href=https://pixabay.com/users/LukasJohnns/ >LukasJohnns</a> / Pixabay</div></div><div class=content><header> <strong class="ui-heading3 _no-margin"> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/forcing-ukraine-to-negotiate-for-territory-seized-by-russia-would-violate-international-us-law/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to Forcing Ukraine to Negotiate for Territory Seized by Russia Would Violate International and US Law" rel=bookmark> Forcing Ukraine to Negotiate for Territory Seized by Russia Would Violate International and US Law </a> </strong><div class=author> <span> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke class="url fn author-ingridburke author-14 post-author-link" rel=author> <span class=name>Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director</span> </a> </span></div><div class=date> <time datetime=2024-11-18T18:02:15-05:00 class="post-date published" itemprop=datePublished pubdate> November 18, 2024 01:02:15 pm </time></div></header><div class=excerpt><p>“A government of laws, and not of men.” John Adams (1774) Incoming US president Donald J. Trump’s obeisance to Russia’s Vladimir Putin is well-documented. Such behavior is sometimes much more serious than a matter of personal dereliction. In consideration of Putin’s ongoing crimes against Ukraine, it represents a time-urgent matter of law and justice. Though [...]</p></div> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/forcing-ukraine-to-negotiate-for-territory-seized-by-russia-would-violate-international-us-law/ class=ui-more>READ MORE <span class=arrow>▸</span></a></div></article><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/not-worth-the-risk-why-us-cities-should-rethink-transit-fare-policing/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to Not Worth the Risk: Why US Cities Should Rethink Transit Fare Policing" rel=bookmark> <span class=label>Commentary</span> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/police_1731702874.jpg width=426 height=350 alt="Not Worth the Risk: Why US Cities Should Rethink Transit Fare Policing"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/police_1731702874.jpg"><meta itemprop="width" content="426"><meta itemprop="height" content="350"> </a><div class=credits><a href=https://pixabay.com/users/BruceEmmerling/ >BruceEmmerling</a> / Pixabay</div></div><div class=content><header> <strong class="ui-heading3 _no-margin"> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/not-worth-the-risk-why-us-cities-should-rethink-transit-fare-policing/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to Not Worth the Risk: Why US Cities Should Rethink Transit Fare Policing" rel=bookmark> Not Worth the Risk: Why US Cities Should Rethink Transit Fare Policing </a> </strong><div class=author> <span> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke class="url fn author-ingridburke author-14 post-author-link" rel=author> <span class=name>Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director</span> </a> </span></div><div class=date> <time datetime=2024-11-15T20:30:29-05:00 class="post-date published" itemprop=datePublished pubdate> November 15, 2024 03:30:29 pm </time></div></header><div class=excerpt><p>Imagine sitting on the subway in the middle of the afternoon, going about your day, when armed officers abruptly board the train, apparently in pursuit of someone. Within minutes, the officers deploy tasers and suddenly the sound of guns firing deafens you. People are terrified, screaming and bleeding. And all this chaos began over a [...]</p></div> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/not-worth-the-risk-why-us-cities-should-rethink-transit-fare-policing/ class=ui-more>READ MORE <span class=arrow>▸</span></a></div></article><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/marshall-motley-scholars-the-death-penalty-perpetuates-americas-legacy-of-anti-black-violence/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to The Death Penalty Perpetuates America&#8217;s Legacy of Anti-Black Violence" rel=bookmark> <span class=label>Commentary</span> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/prison_1731074637.jpg width=426 height=350 alt="The Death Penalty Perpetuates America&#8217;s Legacy of Anti-Black Violence"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/prison_1731074637.jpg"><meta itemprop="width" content="426"><meta itemprop="height" content="350"> </a><div class=credits><a href=https://pixabay.com/users/Ichigo121212/ >Ichigo121212</a> / Pixabay</div></div><div class=content><header> <strong class="ui-heading3 _no-margin"> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/marshall-motley-scholars-the-death-penalty-perpetuates-americas-legacy-of-anti-black-violence/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to The Death Penalty Perpetuates America&#8217;s Legacy of Anti-Black Violence" rel=bookmark> The Death Penalty Perpetuates America’s Legacy of Anti-Black Violence </a> </strong><div class=author> <span> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke class="url fn author-ingridburke author-14 post-author-link" rel=author> <span class=name>Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director</span> </a> </span></div><div class=date> <time datetime=2024-11-08T14:04:08-05:00 class="post-date published" itemprop=datePublished pubdate> November 8, 2024 09:04:08 am </time></div></header><div class=excerpt><p>For too long, this country’s criminal legal system has perpetuated violence, brutality, and murder, with Black people bearing the brunt. While methods may change, the underlying outcomes remain the same. The modern-day manifestation of our nation’s history of anti-Black violence is perhaps most apparent in capital punishment. Marcellus Khaliifah Williams – father, poet, and imam [...]</p></div> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/marshall-motley-scholars-the-death-penalty-perpetuates-americas-legacy-of-anti-black-violence/ class=ui-more>READ MORE <span class=arrow>▸</span></a></div></article><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/the-erosion-of-respect-for-the-rule-of-law-in-america/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to The Erosion of Respect for the Rule of Law in America" rel=bookmark> <span class=label>Commentary</span> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/justice_1730235399.jpg width=426 height=350 alt="The Erosion of Respect for the Rule of Law in America"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/justice_1730235399.jpg"><meta itemprop="width" content="426"><meta itemprop="height" content="350"> </a><div class=credits><a href=https://pixabay.com/users/AJEL/ >AJEL</a> / Pixabay</div></div><div class=content><header> <strong class="ui-heading3 _no-margin"> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/the-erosion-of-respect-for-the-rule-of-law-in-america/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to The Erosion of Respect for the Rule of Law in America" rel=bookmark> The Erosion of Respect for the Rule of Law in America </a> </strong><div class=author> <span> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke class="url fn author-ingridburke author-14 post-author-link" rel=author> <span class=name>Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director</span> </a> </span></div><div class=date> <time datetime=2024-10-29T20:55:20-04:00 class="post-date published" itemprop=datePublished pubdate> October 29, 2024 04:55:20 pm </time></div></header><div class=excerpt><p>The rule of law has long been considered a cornerstone of American democracy, safeguarding individual rights, ensuring justice, and regulating the conduct of public officials within a framework of established laws. However, a troubling trend has emerged in recent years — a significant erosion of respect for this foundational principle. This decline is evidenced through [...]</p></div> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/the-erosion-of-respect-for-the-rule-of-law-in-america/ class=ui-more>READ MORE <span class=arrow>▸</span></a></div></article><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/enhancing-strategic-deterrence-israel-iran-and-limited-nuclear-war/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to Enhancing Strategic Deterrence: Israel, Iran, and Limited Nuclear War" rel=bookmark> <span class=label>Commentary</span> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/israel_1728329009.jpg width=426 height=350 alt="Enhancing Strategic Deterrence: Israel, Iran, and Limited Nuclear War"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/israel_1728329009.jpg"><meta itemprop="width" content="426"><meta itemprop="height" content="350"> </a><div class=credits><a href=https://pixabay.com/users/Walkerssk/ >Walkerssk</a> / Pixabay</div></div><div class=content><header> <strong class="ui-heading3 _no-margin"> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/enhancing-strategic-deterrence-israel-iran-and-limited-nuclear-war/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to Enhancing Strategic Deterrence: Israel, Iran, and Limited Nuclear War" rel=bookmark> Enhancing Strategic Deterrence: Israel, Iran, and Limited Nuclear War </a> </strong><div class=author> <span> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke class="url fn author-ingridburke author-14 post-author-link" rel=author> <span class=name>Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director</span> </a> </span></div><div class=date> <time datetime=2024-10-07T19:24:02-04:00 class="post-date published" itemprop=datePublished pubdate> October 7, 2024 03:24:02 pm </time></div></header><div class=excerpt><p>“For by Wise Counsel, Thou Shalt Make Thy War.” Proverbs 24.6 For mostly good reason, policy discussions of Israel’s nuclear strategy and doctrine have been intentionally vague and without evident nuance. More specifically, there have been few open-literature assessments of a limited nuclear war and its law-supported capacity for enhancing Israel’s strategic deterrence. Now, however, [...]</p></div> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/enhancing-strategic-deterrence-israel-iran-and-limited-nuclear-war/ class=ui-more>READ MORE <span class=arrow>▸</span></a></div></article><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/faux-originalism-and-supreme-hypocrisy-reflections-on-day-1-of-the-us-supreme-courts-2024-2025-term/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to Faux Originalism and Supreme Hypocrisy — Reflections on Day 1 of the US Supreme Court&#8217;s 2024-2025 Term" rel=bookmark> <span class=label>Commentary</span> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/us_supreme_1728312314.jpg width=426 height=350 alt="Faux Originalism and Supreme Hypocrisy — Reflections on Day 1 of the US Supreme Court&#8217;s 2024-2025 Term"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/us_supreme_1728312314.jpg"><meta itemprop="width" content="426"><meta itemprop="height" content="350"> </a><div class=credits><a href=https://pixabay.com/users/MarkThomas/ >MarkThomas</a> / Pixabay</div></div><div class=content><header> <strong class="ui-heading3 _no-margin"> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/faux-originalism-and-supreme-hypocrisy-reflections-on-day-1-of-the-us-supreme-courts-2024-2025-term/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to Faux Originalism and Supreme Hypocrisy — Reflections on Day 1 of the US Supreme Court&#8217;s 2024-2025 Term" rel=bookmark> Faux Originalism and Supreme Hypocrisy — Reflections on Day 1 of the US Supreme Court’s 2024-2025 Term </a> </strong><div class=author> <span> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke class="url fn author-ingridburke author-14 post-author-link" rel=author> <span class=name>Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director</span> </a> </span></div><div class=date> <time datetime=2024-10-07T14:46:52-04:00 class="post-date published" itemprop=datePublished pubdate> October 7, 2024 10:46:52 am </time></div></header><div class=excerpt><p>The conservative justices on the Roberts Court consistently lecture the American people about the importance of text, history, and tradition to constitutional litigation. They use the term originalism as a catch-all phrase for their alleged focus on prior law. They want the American people to believe that their preferred outcomes are based on legal sources [...]</p></div> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/faux-originalism-and-supreme-hypocrisy-reflections-on-day-1-of-the-us-supreme-courts-2024-2025-term/ class=ui-more>READ MORE <span class=arrow>▸</span></a></div></article><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/an-eye-for-an-eye-is-not-a-legal-basis-to-use-force-commemorating-oct-7-2023/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to An Eye for an Eye Is Not a Legal Basis to Use Force — Commemorating Oct. 7, 2023" rel=bookmark> <span class=label>Commentary</span> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/gaza_1728311320.png width=426 height=350 alt="An Eye for an Eye Is Not a Legal Basis to Use Force — Commemorating Oct. 7, 2023"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/gaza_1728311320.png"><meta itemprop="width" content="426"><meta itemprop="height" content="350"> </a><div class=credits><a href=https://pixabay.com/users/Save_Palestine/ >Save_Palestine</a> / Pixabay</div></div><div class=content><header> <strong class="ui-heading3 _no-margin"> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/an-eye-for-an-eye-is-not-a-legal-basis-to-use-force-commemorating-oct-7-2023/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to An Eye for an Eye Is Not a Legal Basis to Use Force — Commemorating Oct. 7, 2023" rel=bookmark> An Eye for an Eye Is Not a Legal Basis to Use Force — Commemorating Oct. 7, 2023 </a> </strong><div class=author> <span> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke class="url fn author-ingridburke author-14 post-author-link" rel=author> <span class=name>Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director</span> </a> </span></div><div class=date> <time datetime=2024-10-07T14:29:00-04:00 class="post-date published" itemprop=datePublished pubdate> October 7, 2024 10:29:00 am </time></div></header><div class=excerpt><p>As we mark the one-year anniversary of the horrific October 7 attacks on Israeli civilians, it’s essential to reflect not only on the immediate tragedies of that day, but also on the ensuing conflict that has led to a cycle of escalating violence and suffering. While Israel’s initial retaliation against Hamas may have been lawful [...]</p></div> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/an-eye-for-an-eye-is-not-a-legal-basis-to-use-force-commemorating-oct-7-2023/ class=ui-more>READ MORE <span class=arrow>▸</span></a></div></article><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/international-humanitarian-law-on-mass-uprisings-why-non-resident-citizens-should-be-free-to-defend-their-homelands/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to International Humanitarian Law on Mass Uprisings: Why Non-Resident Citizens Should Be Free To Defend Their Homelands" rel=bookmark> <span class=label>Commentary</span> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/ukraine_protest_1727897439.jpg width=426 height=350 alt="International Humanitarian Law on Mass Uprisings: Why Non-Resident Citizens Should Be Free To Defend Their Homelands"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/10/ukraine_protest_1727897439.jpg"><meta itemprop="width" content="426"><meta itemprop="height" content="350"> </a><div class=credits><a href=https://pixabay.com/users/HubertdeThé/ >HubertdeThé</a> / Pixabay</div></div><div class=content><header> <strong class="ui-heading3 _no-margin"> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/international-humanitarian-law-on-mass-uprisings-why-non-resident-citizens-should-be-free-to-defend-their-homelands/ itemprop=url title="Permalink to International Humanitarian Law on Mass Uprisings: Why Non-Resident Citizens Should Be Free To Defend Their Homelands" rel=bookmark> International Humanitarian Law on Mass Uprisings: Why Non-Resident Citizens Should Be Free To Defend Their Homelands </a> </strong><div class=author> <span> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke class="url fn author-ingridburke author-14 post-author-link" rel=author> <span class=name>Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director</span> </a> </span></div><div class=date> <time datetime=2024-10-02T19:31:51-04:00 class="post-date published" itemprop=datePublished pubdate> October 2, 2024 03:31:51 pm </time></div></header><div class=excerpt><p>The opening days of the Russian invasion of Ukraine triggered a fierce and inspiring response by ordinary Ukrainians. They joined together in a mass uprising to defend their homeland. Under international humanitarian law (IHL), such an act of resistance is known as a “levée en masse” (levée). A levée is a unique category that temporarily [...]</p></div> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/10/international-humanitarian-law-on-mass-uprisings-why-non-resident-citizens-should-be-free-to-defend-their-homelands/ class=ui-more>READ MORE <span class=arrow>▸</span></a></div></article></div><div class=ui-pagination><ol class="_no-margin _no-padding"> <li class="page gap"> <span class=text>...</span> </li> <li class="page -current _no-margin _fweight-bold"> <span class=text>1</span> </li> <li class=page> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke/page/2/ title=2> <span class=text>2</span> </a> </li> <li class=page> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke/page/3/ title=3> <span class=text>3</span> </a> </li> <li class=page> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke/page/4/ title=4> <span class=text>4</span> </a> </li> <li class=page> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke/page/5/ title=5> <span class=text>5</span> </a> </li><li class="page gap"> <span class=text>...</span> </li> <li class="page -next -btn -arrow"> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke/page/2/ > <span class=text>Older</span> <svg class="ui-icon -base"> <use xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:href=/justatic/external/jurist/images/icons/simple-sprite.svg#line-arrow></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="page -last -btn"> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/author/ingridburke/page/10/ title=10> <span class=text>Oldest</span> <svg class="ui-icon -base"> <use xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:href=/justatic/external/jurist/images/icons/simple-sprite.svg#line-arrow-double></use> </svg> </a> </li></ol></div></section><aside class=sidebar-column><div class=graphic> <a href=/apply/ ><img src=https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/assets/law-students-to-join-jurist.png alt="Law students to join jurist" class=_no-margin-top></a></div><div class="widget subscribe-form"> <strong class="ui-heading1 title _color-accent"> GET OUR DAILY DIGEST </strong><div class=wrapper><form action="https://jurist.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=a66d508c4e202ea7eeb361410&id=63e224c141" method=post id=mc-embedded-subscribe-form name=mc-embedded-subscribe-form class="ui-form validate" target=_blank novalidate><div class=ui-field> <label for=mce-EMAIL class=screen-reader-text>Email Address</label> <input type=email id=mce-EMAIL placeholder="Email Address" value name=EMAIL aria-label="Email Address"></div><div style="position: absolute; 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The Pope urged the council's participants to render aid to the Byzantine Empire, which was being attacked by the Seljuks. Pope Urban called for a wide coalition of rich and poor to combat the threat, which eventually resulted in the conquest of much of the Muslim-controlled Levant by the Crusaders and the establishment of the Crusader States. <a href="https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/readings/urban.html">Read</a> Pope Urban's address.  </p> </div></div> </article><article class="blog-post"> <div class="content"><div class="thisday-title _color-accent"> <p>Catholic Code of Canon Law revised</p> </div><div class="excerpt"> <p>On November 27, 1983, the revised <a href="http://www.intratext.com/X/ENG0017.htm">Code of Canon Law</a> of the Roman Catholic Church went into effect. 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Ingrid Burke Friedman | JURIST Editorial Director, Author at JURIST - Commentary - Legal News & Commentary