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Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="دائرة قصر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دائرة قصر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1sa_qapanma" title="Qısa qapanma – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qısa qapanma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F" title="শর্ট সার্কিট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শর্ট সার্কিট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Кароткае замыканне – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кароткае замыканне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Късо съединение – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Късо съединение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtcircuit" title="Curtcircuit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Curtcircuit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%95%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Кĕскен пĕрлешни – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кĕскен пĕрлешни" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_zkrat" title="Elektrický zkrat – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektrický zkrat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kortslutning" title="Kortslutning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kortslutning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrischer_Kurzschluss" title="Elektrischer Kurzschluss – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektrischer Kurzschluss" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BChis" title="Lühis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lühis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Βραχυκύκλωμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βραχυκύκλωμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortocircuito" title="Cortocircuito – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cortocircuito" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurta_cirkvito" title="Kurta cirkvito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kurta cirkvito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirkuitulabur" title="Zirkuitulabur – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zirkuitulabur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%87" title="اتصال کوتاه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتصال کوتاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court-circuit" title="Court-circuit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Court-circuit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A9%EC%84%A0" title="합선 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="합선" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B3_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Կարճ միացում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարճ միացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A5" title="लघु परिपथ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लघु परिपथ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratki_spoj" title="Kratki spoj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kratki spoj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurta_cirkuito" title="Kurta cirkuito – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kurta cirkuito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubungan_pendek" title="Hubungan pendek – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hubungan pendek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skammhlaup" title="Skammhlaup – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skammhlaup" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortocircuito" title="Cortocircuito – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cortocircuito" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99" title="קצר חשמלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קצר חשמלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%81%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0_%D1%82%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Қысқаша тұйықталу – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қысқаша тұйықталу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kou-sikui" title="Kou-sikui – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kou-sikui" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurte_vedor" title="Kurte vedor – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kurte vedor" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpasis_jungimas" title="Trumpasis jungimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Trumpasis jungimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6vidre_z%C3%A1r%C3%A1s" title="Rövidre zárás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rövidre zárás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Краток спој – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Краток спој" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litar_pintas" title="Litar pintas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Litar pintas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kortsluiting" title="Kortsluiting – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kortsluiting" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E7%B5%A1" title="短絡 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="短絡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kortslutning" title="Kortslutning – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kortslutning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qisqa_tutashuv" title="Qisqa tutashuv – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qisqa tutashuv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwarcie_(elektrotechnika)" title="Zwarcie (elektrotechnika) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zwarcie (elektrotechnika)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curto-circuito" title="Curto-circuito – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Curto-circuito" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurtcircuit" title="Scurtcircuit – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scurtcircuit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Короткое замыкание – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Короткое замыкание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_circuit" title="Short circuit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Short circuit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrat" title="Skrat – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Skrat" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Кратки спој – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кратки спој" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oikosulku" title="Oikosulku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oikosulku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kortslutning" title="Kortslutning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kortslutning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="குறுக்குச் சுற்று – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குறுக்குச் சுற்று" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Кыска ялганыш – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кыска ялганыш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3" title="ไฟฟ้าลัดวงจร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฟฟ้าลัดวงจร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1sa_devre" title="Kısa devre – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kısa devre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Коротке замикання – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коротке замикання" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Electrical circuit with negligible impedance</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Short_circuit_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Short circuit (disambiguation)">Short circuit (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Short_circuit" title="Special:EditPage/Short circuit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Short+circuit%22">"Short circuit"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Short+circuit%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Short+circuit%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Short+circuit%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Short+circuit%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Short+circuit%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crossed_wires.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Crossed_wires.JPG/220px-Crossed_wires.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Crossed_wires.JPG/330px-Crossed_wires.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Crossed_wires.JPG/440px-Crossed_wires.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Tree limbs cause a short circuit, triggering an <a href="/wiki/Electrical_arc" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical arc">electrical arc</a> during a storm.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>short circuit</b> (sometimes abbreviated to <b>short</b> or <b>s/c</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Electrical_network" title="Electrical network">electrical circuit</a> that allows a <a href="/wiki/Electric_current" title="Electric current">current</a> to travel along an unintended path with no or very low <a href="/wiki/Electrical_impedance" title="Electrical impedance">electrical impedance</a>. This results in an excessive current flowing through the circuit. The opposite of a short circuit is an <b>open circuit</b>, which is an infinite <a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance" title="Electrical resistance and conductance">resistance</a> (or very <a href="/wiki/High_impedance" title="High impedance">high impedance</a>) between two nodes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_circuit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A short circuit is an abnormal connection between two nodes of an electric circuit intended to be at different voltages. This results in an <a href="/wiki/Electric_current" title="Electric current">electric current</a> limited only by the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9venin%27s_theorem" title="Thévenin's theorem">Thévenin equivalent resistance</a> of the rest of the network which can cause circuit damage, <a href="/wiki/Overheating_(electricity)" title="Overheating (electricity)">overheating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire" title="Fire">fire</a> or <a href="/wiki/Explosion" title="Explosion">explosion</a>. Although usually the result of a <a href="/wiki/Electrical_fault" title="Electrical fault">fault</a>, there are cases where short circuits are caused intentionally, for example, for the purpose of voltage-sensing <a href="/wiki/Crowbar_(circuit)" title="Crowbar (circuit)">crowbar circuit protectors</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Circuit_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit analysis">circuit analysis</a>, a <i>short circuit</i> is defined as a connection between two nodes that forces them to be at the same voltage. In an 'ideal' short circuit, this means there is no resistance and thus no voltage drop across the connection. In real circuits, the result is a connection with almost no resistance. In such a case, the current is limited only by the resistance of the rest of the circuit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_circuit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A common type of short circuit occurs when the positive and negative terminals of a <a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">battery</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor">capacitor</a> are connected with a low-<a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical resistance">resistance</a> <a href="/wiki/Electrical_conductor" title="Electrical conductor">conductor</a>, like a <a href="/wiki/Wire" title="Wire">wire</a>. With a low resistance in the connection, a high <a href="/wiki/Current_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Current (electricity)">current</a> will flow, causing the delivery of a large amount of energy in a short period of time. </p><p>A high current flowing through a battery can cause a rapid increase of temperature, potentially resulting in an explosion with the release of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> gas and <a href="/wiki/Electrolyte" title="Electrolyte">electrolyte</a> (an <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acid</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry)">base</a>), which can burn tissue and cause blindness or even death. Overloaded wires will also <a href="/wiki/Overheating_(electricity)" title="Overheating (electricity)">overheat</a> causing damage to the wire's insulation, or starting a fire. </p><p>In electrical devices, unintentional short circuits are usually caused when a wire's <a href="/wiki/Electrical_insulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical insulation">insulation</a> breaks down, or when another conducting material is introduced, allowing charge to flow along a different path than the one intended. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mains_electricity" title="Mains electricity">mains</a> circuits, short circuits may occur between two <a href="/wiki/Polyphase_system" title="Polyphase system">phases</a>, between a phase and <a href="/wiki/Ground_and_neutral" title="Ground and neutral">neutral</a> or between a phase and <a href="/wiki/Ground_and_neutral" title="Ground and neutral">earth</a> (ground). Such short circuits are likely to result in a very high current and therefore quickly trigger an overcurrent protection device. However, it is possible for short circuits to arise between neutral and earth conductors and between two conductors of the same phase. Such short circuits can be dangerous, particularly as they may not immediately result in a large current and are therefore less likely to be detected. Possible effects include unexpected energisation of a circuit presumed to be isolated. To help reduce the negative effects of short circuits, power distribution transformers are deliberately designed to have a certain amount of <a href="/wiki/Leakage_inductance" title="Leakage inductance">leakage reactance</a>. The leakage reactance (usually about 5 to 10% of the full load impedance) helps limit both the magnitude and rate of rise of the <a href="/wiki/Fault_current" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault current">fault current</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm/220px--Melting_an_iron_nail.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="28" data-mwtitle="Melting_an_iron_nail.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Melting_an_iron_nail.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="av1, opus"" data-width="3840" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm/Melting_an_iron_nail.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Short-circuiting a 3000 <a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">farad</a> <a href="/wiki/Supercapacitor" title="Supercapacitor">supercapacitor</a> through an iron nail resulted in a 1000 <a href="/wiki/Amperes" class="mw-redirect" title="Amperes">amperes</a> current. This caused the iron nail to melt, eject <a href="/wiki/Spark_(fire)" title="Spark (fire)">sparks</a>, and eventually break, becoming an open circuit.</figcaption></figure> <p>A short circuit may lead to formation of an <a href="/wiki/Electric_arc" title="Electric arc">electric arc</a>. The arc, a channel of hot ionized <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(physics)" title="Plasma (physics)">plasma</a>, is highly conductive and can persist even after significant amounts of original material from the conductors has evaporated. Surface erosion is a typical sign of electric arc damage. Even short arcs can remove significant amounts of material from the electrodes. The temperature of the resulting electrical arc is very high (tens of thousands of degrees), causing the metal on the contact surfaces to melt, pool and migrate with the current, as well as to escape into the air as fine particulate matter.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Damage">Damage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_circuit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Damage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A short circuit <a href="/wiki/Fault_current" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault current">fault current</a> can, within milliseconds, be thousands of times larger than the normal operating current of the system.<sup id="cite_ref-pdh_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damage from short circuits can be reduced or prevented by employing <a href="/wiki/Fuse_(electrical)" title="Fuse (electrical)">fuses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circuit_breaker" title="Circuit breaker">circuit breakers</a>, or other <a href="/wiki/Overload_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Overload protection">overload protection</a>, which disconnect the power in reaction to excessive current. Overload protection must be chosen according to the current rating of the circuit. Circuits for large <a href="/wiki/Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">home appliances</a> require protective devices set or rated for higher currents than lighting circuits. <a href="/wiki/Wire_gauge" title="Wire gauge">Wire gauges</a> specified in building and electrical <a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">codes</a> are chosen to ensure safe operation in conjunction with the overload protection. An overcurrent protection device must be rated to safely interrupt the maximum <a href="/wiki/Prospective_short-circuit_current" title="Prospective short-circuit current">prospective short-circuit current</a>. </p><p>In an improper installation, the overcurrent from a short circuit may cause <a href="/wiki/Ohmic_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohmic heating">ohmic heating</a> of the circuit parts with poor conductivity (faulty joints in wiring, faulty contacts in power sockets, or even the site of the short circuit itself). Such <a href="/wiki/Overheating_(electricity)" title="Overheating (electricity)">overheating</a> is a common cause of <a href="/wiki/Fire" title="Fire">fires</a>. An electric arc, if it forms during the short circuit, produces high amount of heat and can cause ignition of combustible substances as well. </p><p>In industrial and utility distribution systems, dynamic forces generated by high short-circuit currents cause conductors to spread apart. Busbars, cables, and apparatus can be damaged by the forces generated in a short circuit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_concepts">Related concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_circuit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Related concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>, the ideal model (infinite <a href="/wiki/Gain_(electronics)" title="Gain (electronics)">gain</a>) of an <a href="/wiki/Operational_amplifier" title="Operational amplifier">operational amplifier</a> is said to produce a <i>virtual short circuit</i> between its input terminals because no matter what the output voltage is, the <a href="/wiki/Difference_of_potential" class="mw-redirect" title="Difference of potential">difference of potential</a> between its input terminals is zero. If one of the input terminals is connected to the ground, then the other one is said to provide a <a href="/wiki/Virtual_ground" title="Virtual ground">virtual ground</a> because its potential is (ideally) identical to that of the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An ideal operational amplifier also has infinite <a href="/wiki/Input_impedance" title="Input impedance">input impedance</a>, so unlike a real short circuit, no current flows between the terminals of the virtual short.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_circuit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Electronics" title="Portal:Electronics">Electronics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annealing_by_short_circuit" title="Annealing by short circuit">Annealing by short circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_capacity" title="Breaking capacity">Breaking capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_short-circuit_current" title="Conditional short-circuit current">Conditional short-circuit current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-circuit_test" title="Short-circuit test">Short-circuit test</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Electrical_fault" title="Electrical fault">electrical faults</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ground_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground fault">Ground fault</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohm%27s_law" title="Ohm's law">Ohm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overcurrent" title="Overcurrent">Overcurrent</a>, electrical overload</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_circuit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcsuppressiontechnologies.com/arc-suppression-facts/lab-app-notes/">"Lab Note #105 <i>Contact Life - Unsuppressed vs. Suppressed Arcing</i>"</a>. Arc Suppression Technologies. April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930071357/http://www.arcsuppressiontechnologies.com/arc-suppression-facts/lab-app-notes/">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lab+Note+%23105+Contact+Life+-+Unsuppressed+vs.+Suppressed+Arcing&rft.pub=Arc+Suppression+Technologies&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcsuppressiontechnologies.com%2Farc-suppression-facts%2Flab-app-notes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+circuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pdh-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pdh_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhatia" class="citation web cs1">Bhatia, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pdhonline.com/courses/e204/e204content.pdf">"Introduction to Short Circuit Analysis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>PDHonline</i>. sec. What causes a short circuit?. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703040023/https://www.pdhonline.com/courses/e204/e204content.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PDHonline&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Short+Circuit+Analysis&rft.pages=sec.+What+causes+a+short+circuit%3F&rft.aulast=Bhatia&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdhonline.com%2Fcourses%2Fe204%2Fe204content.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+circuit" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhatia" class="citation web cs1">Bhatia, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pdhonline.com/courses/e204/e204.htm">"Introduction to Short Circuit Analysis"</a>. <i>PDHonline</i> (Synopsis).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PDHonline&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Short+Circuit+Analysis&rft.aulast=Bhatia&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdhonline.com%2Fcourses%2Fe204%2Fe204.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+circuit" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_zytO-iXdxUC&pg=PA184"><i>Basic Electronics</i></a>. I. K. International Pvt Ltd. March 2011. pp. 184–. GGKEY:9NLKFQ9D0F2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502181149/http://books.google.com/books?id=_zytO-iXdxUC&pg=PA184">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Electronics&rft.pages=184-&rft.pub=I.+K.+International+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=2011-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_zytO-iXdxUC%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+circuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Spence2008" class="citation book cs1">Robert Spence (5 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mTnCz_zYmWsC&pg=PT99"><i>Introductory Circuits</i></a>. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 99–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-77971-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-77971-2"><bdi>978-0-470-77971-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502174336/http://books.google.com/books?id=mTnCz_zYmWsC&pg=PT99">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introductory+Circuits&rft.pages=99-&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2008-09-05&rft.isbn=978-0-470-77971-2&rft.au=Robert+Spence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmTnCz_zYmWsC%26pg%3DPT99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+circuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.A.BakshiA.P.Godse2010" class="citation book cs1">U.A.Bakshi; A.P.Godse (1 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-zAe0P33BAcC&pg=SA4-PA2"><i>Linear Integrated Circuits</i></a>. Technical Publications. pp. 4–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8431-773-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8431-773-2"><bdi>978-81-8431-773-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linear+Integrated+Circuits&rft.pages=4-&rft.pub=Technical+Publications&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-8431-773-2&rft.au=U.A.Bakshi&rft.au=A.P.Godse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-zAe0P33BAcC%26pg%3DSA4-PA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+circuit" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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